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SUMMARY OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
SUMMARY OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1.    SUMMARY OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business  Within our organization, Verso Paper Corp. is the ultimate parent entity and the sole member of Verso Paper Finance Holdings One LLC, which is the sole member of Verso Paper Finance Holdings LLC, which is the sole member of Verso Paper Holdings LLC.  As used in this report, the term “Verso Paper” refers to Verso Paper Corp.; the term “Verso Finance One” refers to Verso Paper Finance Holdings One LLC; the term “Verso Finance” refers to Verso Paper Finance Holdings LLC; the term “Verso Holdings” refers to Verso Paper Holdings LLC; and the term for any such entity includes its direct and indirect subsidiaries when referring to the entity’s consolidated financial condition or results.  Unless otherwise noted, references to “we,” “us,” and “our” refer collectively to Verso Paper and Verso Holdings.  Other than Verso Paper’s common stock transactions, Verso Finance’s debt obligation and related financing costs and interest expense, Verso Holdings’ loan to Verso Finance, and the debt obligation of Verso Holdings’ consolidated variable interest entity to Verso Finance, the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows presented for all periods represent those of Verso Holdings in all material respects.  Unless otherwise noted, the information provided pertains to both Verso Paper and Verso Holdings.

We began operations on August 1, 2006, when we acquired the assets and certain liabilities comprising the business of the Coated and Supercalendered Papers Division of International Paper Company, or “International Paper.”  We were formed by affiliates of Apollo Global Management, LLC, or “Apollo,” for the purpose of consummating the acquisition from International Paper, or the “Acquisition.”  Verso Paper went public on May 14, 2008, with an initial public offering, “IPO,” of 14 million shares of common stock.

We operate in the following three market segments: coated and supercalendered papers; hardwood market pulp; and other, consisting of specialty papers.  Our core business platform is as a producer of coated freesheet, coated groundwood, and uncoated supercalendered papers.  These products are used in catalogs, magazines, retail inserts, and commercial print.

Basis of Presentation —This report contains the financial statements of Verso Paper and Verso Holdings as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009.  Variable interest entities for which Verso Paper or Verso Holdings is the primary beneficiary are also consolidated.  All material intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.

Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or “GAAP,” requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition — Sales are net of rebates, allowances, and discounts.  Revenue is recognized when the customer takes title and assumes the risks and rewards of ownership.  Revenue is recorded at the time of shipment for terms designated f.o.b. (free on board) shipping point.  For sales transactions designated f.o.b. destination, which include export sales, revenue is recorded when the product is delivered to the customer’s site and when title and risk of loss are transferred.
 
Shipping and Handling Costs — Shipping and handling costs, such as freight to customer destinations, are included in Cost of products sold in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.  These costs, when included in the sales price charged for our products, are recognized in Net sales.

Planned Maintenance Costs — Maintenance costs for major planned maintenance shutdowns in excess of $0.5 million are deferred over the period in which the maintenance shutdowns occur and expensed ratably over the period until the next major planned shutdown, since we believe that operations benefit throughout that period from the maintenance work performed.  Other maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Environmental Costs and Obligations — Costs associated with environmental obligations, such as remediation or closure costs, are accrued when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable.  Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change.  Costs of future expenditures for environmental obligations are discounted to their present value when the expected cash flows are reliably determinable.
 
Equity Compensation — We account for equity awards in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or “FASB,” Accounting Standards Codification, or “ASC,” Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation.  ASC Topic 718 requires employee equity awards to be accounted for under the fair value method. Accordingly, share-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award.  We use the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation over the service period of the award.
 
Income Taxes — Verso Paper accounts for income taxes using the liability method pursuant to ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes.  Under this method, Verso Paper recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using enacted tax rates in effect for the year the differences are expected to reverse.  Verso Paper records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.  Verso Paper evaluates uncertain tax positions annually and considers whether the amounts recorded for income taxes are adequate to address Verso Paper’s tax risk profile. Verso Paper analyzes the potential tax liabilities of specific transactions and tax positions based on management’s judgment as to the expected outcome. Verso Holdings is a limited liability corporation and is not subject to federal income taxes.  Verso Holdings accounts for its state income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740.
 
Earnings Per Share — Verso Paper computes earnings per share by dividing net income or net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, after giving effect to potentially dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period.  Potentially dilutive common share equivalents are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share if they are anti-dilutive.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and amounts receivable from or due to related parties approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.  We determine the fair value of our long-term debt based on market information and a review of prices and terms available for similar obligations.  See also Note 7, Note 10, Note 13, and Note 14 for additional information regarding the fair value of financial instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents — Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Inventories and Replacement Parts and Other Supplies — Inventory values include all costs directly associated with manufacturing products: materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead.  These values are presented at the lower of cost or market.  Costs of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods are determined using the first-in, first-out method.  Replacement parts and other supplies are stated using the average cost method and are reflected in Inventories and Intangibles and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet (see also Note 3 and Note 5).
 
Property, Plant, and Equipment — Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Interest is capitalized on projects meeting certain criteria and is included in the cost of the assets.  The capitalized interest is depreciated over the same useful lives as the related assets.  Expenditures for major repairs and improvements are capitalized, whereas normal repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.  Interest cost of $3.7 million was capitalized in 2011, and $1.3 million was capitalized in 2010.

Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method for all assets over the assets’ estimated useful lives.  Estimated useful lives are as follows:

 
Years
Building
20 - 40
Machinery and equipment
10 - 20
Furniture and office equipment
3 - 10
Computer hardware
3 - 6
Leasehold improvements
Over the terms of the lease or
the useful life of the improvements

Reforestation — Timberlands are stated at cost, including capitalized costs attributable to reforestation efforts (i.e., costs for site preparation, planting stock, labor, herbicide, fertilizer, and any other costs required to establish timber on land that was previously not forested).  From August 1, 2006 (date of Acquisition) through December 31, 2011, we have been primarily engaged in developing our hybrid poplar woodlands.  Costs attributable to timberlands are charged against income as trees are cut.  The rate charged will be determined annually based on the relationship of incurred costs to estimated current merchantable volume.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets — We account for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.  Intangible assets primarily consist of trademarks, customer-related intangible assets, and patents obtained through business acquisitions.  The useful lives of trademarks were determined to be indefinite and, therefore, these assets are not amortized.  Customer-related intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of approximately twenty-five years.  Patents are amortized over their remaining legal lives of ten years.  The impairment evaluation of the carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives is conducted annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset might be impaired.

Goodwill is evaluated at the reporting unit level and has been allocated to the “Coated” segment. The evaluation for goodwill impairment is performed by applying a two-step test.  The first step is to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill.  If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, goodwill is considered impaired and the loss is measured by performing step two, which involves using a hypothetical purchase price allocation to determine the implied fair value of the goodwill and compare it to the carrying value of the goodwill.  An impairment loss is recognized to the extent the implied fair value of the goodwill is less than the carrying amount of the goodwill.  In 2011, Verso Paper recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $18.7 million and Verso Holdings recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $10.5 million.  We have no goodwill remaining as of December 31, 2011.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets — Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable, as measured by comparing their net book value to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows generated by their use.  Impaired assets are recorded at estimated fair value, determined principally using discounted cash flows.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments.  We manage credit risk related to our trade accounts receivable by continually monitoring the creditworthiness of our customers to whom credit is granted in the normal course of business.  Trade accounts receivable balances for sales to unaffiliated customers were approximately $113.2 million at December 31, 2011, compared to $87.2 million at December 31, 2010.

We establish our allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risks of specific customers, historical trends, and other information.  Based on this assessment, an allowance is maintained that represents what is believed to be ultimately uncollectible from such customers.  The allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $0.9 million at December 31, 2011, compared to $0.8 million at December 31, 2010.  Bad debt expense was $0.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, compared to $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009.

Deferred Financing Costs — We capitalize costs incurred in connection with borrowings or establishment of credit facilities.  These costs are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense over the life of the borrowing or life of the credit facility using the effective interest method.  In the case of early debt principal repayments, we adjust the value of the corresponding deferred financing costs with a charge to interest expense, and similarly adjusts the future amortization expense.
 
Asset Retirement Obligations — In accordance with ASC Topic 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations, a liability and an asset are recorded equal to the present value of the estimated costs associated with the retirement of long-lived assets where a legal or contractual obligation exists.  The liability is accreted over time, and the asset is depreciated over its useful life.  Our asset retirement obligations under this standard relate to closure and post-closure costs for landfills.  Revisions to the liability could occur due to changes in the estimated costs or timing of closure or possible new federal or state regulations affecting the closure.

On December 31, 2011, we had $0.8 million of restricted cash included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet related to an asset retirement obligation in the state of Michigan.  This cash deposit is required by the state and may only be used for the future closure of a landfill.  The following table presents an analysis related to our asset retirement obligations included in Other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets:
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2011
   
2010
 
Asset retirement obligations, January 1
  $ 13,660     $ 13,300  
Accretion expense
    816       831  
Settlement of existing liabilities
    (1,625 )     (1,278 )
Adjustment to existing liabilities
    (1,618 )     807  
Asset retirement obligations, December 31
  $ 11,233     $ 13,660  
 
In addition to the above obligations, we may be required to remove certain materials from our facilities, or to remediate in accordance with current regulations that govern the handling of certain hazardous or potentially hazardous materials.  At this time, any such obligations have an indeterminate settlement date, and we believe that adequate information does not exist to reasonably estimate any such potential obligations.  Accordingly, we will record a liability for such remediation when sufficient information becomes available to estimate the obligation.
 
Derivative Financial Instruments — Derivative financial instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities in the financial statements and measured at fair value.  The effective portion of the changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.  Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are entered into as economic hedges are recognized in current earnings.  We use derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to energy prices and interest rate risk.
 
Pension Benefits — Pension plans cover substantially all of our employees.  The defined benefit plan is funded in conformity with the funding requirements of applicable government regulations.  Prior service costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining service periods of employees.  Certain employees are covered by defined contribution plans.  Our contributions to these plans are based on a percentage of employees’ compensation or employees’ contributions.  These plans are funded on a current basis.
 
Alternative Fuel Tax Credit — Until December 31, 2009, the United States government provided an excise tax credit to taxpayers for the use of alternative fuel mixtures in their businesses equal to $0.50 per gallon of alternative fuel contained in the mixture.  In January and February 2009, the Internal Revenue Service certified that our operations at our Androscoggin and Quinnesec mills qualified for the alternative fuel mixture tax credit.  As a result of our use of an alternative fuel mixture containing “black liquor,” a byproduct of pulp production, at our Androscoggin and Quinnesec mills, we recognized $238.9 million of alternative fuel mixture tax credits in the year ended December 31, 2009, including approximately $10 million for claims pending at December 31, 2009.  The amount recognized in fiscal 2009 includes amounts received for claims for use of the alternative fuel mixture from September 2008 through December 2009.  The tax credit, as it relates to liquid fuels derived from biomass, expired on December 31, 2009.