10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026

or

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number: 001-37850

ATOMERA INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	30-0509586
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

750 University Avenue, Suite 280

Los Gatos, California 95032

(Address, including zip code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

(408) 442-5248

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock: Par value $0.001	ATOM	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-accelerated Filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, as of April 29, 2026 is 38,716,500.

Atomera Incorporated

Index

		Page
PART I. Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Balance Sheets – March 31, 2026 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2025	3
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations – For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025	4
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss – For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025	5
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025	6
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Cash Flows – For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025	7
	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	22
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	22
PART II. Other Information
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	23
Item 5.	Other Information	23
Item 6.	Exhibits	23
Signatures		24

2

PART I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Atomera Incorporated

Condensed Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except per share data)

	March 31,			December 31,
	2026			2025
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	14,160		$	19,210
Short-term investments		26,930			–
Accounts receivable		41			–
Interest receivable		139			54
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		788			338
Total current assets		42,058			19,602
Property and equipment, net		51			60
Security deposit		14			14
Operating lease right-of-use asset		1,176			884
Financing lease right-of-use-asset		322			533
Total assets	$	43,621		$	21,093
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	677		$	608
Accrued expenses		213			168
Accrued payroll-related expenses		782			650
Current operating lease liability		301			147
Current financing lease liability		106			420
Deferred revenue		96			7
Total current liabilities		2,175			2,000
Long-term operating lease liability		896			712
Total liabilities		3,071			2,712
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 9)		–			–
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock $0.001 par value, authorized 2,500 shares; none issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025		–			–
Common stock: $0.001 par value, authorized 47,500 shares; 38,723 shares issued and 38,716 outstanding as of March 31, 2026; and 32,354 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025		39			32
Additional paid in capital		288,301			260,043
Other comprehensive income		(23	)		–
Accumulated deficit		(247,767	)		(241,694	)
Total stockholders’ equity		40,550			18,381
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	43,621		$	21,093

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

3

Atomera Incorporated

Condensed Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026			2025
Revenue	$	11		$	4
Cost of revenue		(126	)		–
Gross profit (loss)		(115	)		4
Operating expenses
Research and development		3,457			3,255
General and administrative		2,333			2,088
Selling and marketing		419			124
Total operating expenses		6,209			5,467
Loss from operations		(6,324	)		(5,463	)
Other income (expense)
Interest income		197			270
Accretion income		57			6
Interest expense		(4	)		(21	)
Other income (expense), net		1			(1	)
Total other income (expense), net		251			254
Net loss	$	(6,073	)	$	(5,209	)
Net loss per common share, basic	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.17	)
Net loss per common share, diluted	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.17	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic		35,256			30,243
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, diluted		35,256			30,243

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

4

Atomera Incorporated

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026			2025
Net loss	$	(6,073	)	$	(5,209	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities		(23	)		(1	)
Net loss	$	(6,096	)	$	(5,210	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

5

Atomera Incorporated

Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in		Other Comprehensive			Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares			Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Equity
Balance January 1, 2026		32,354		$	32	$	260,043	$	–		$	(241,694	)	$	18,381
Stock-based compensation		27			–		1,406		–			–			1,406
Stock option exercises		22			–		124		–			–			124
Forfeiture of restricted stock award		(7	)		–		–		–			–			–
Registered direct offering of common stock, net of commissions, expenses and other offering costs		5,000			5		23,591		–			–			23,596
At-the-market sale of stock, net of commissions and expenses		1,320			2		3,137		–			–			3,139
Net loss		–			–		–		–			(6,073	)		(6,073	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities		–			–		–		(23	)		–			(23	)
Balance March 31, 2026		38,716		$	39	$	288,301	$	(23	)	$	(247,767	)	$	40,550

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in		Other Comprehensive			Accumulated			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Equity
Balance January 1, 2025		30,540	$	31	$	246,565	$	1		$	(221,520	)	$	25,077
Stock-based compensation		–		–		1,009		–			–			1,009
At-the-market sale of stock, net of commissions and expenses		164		–		2,407		–			–			2,407
Net loss		–		–		–		–			(5,209	)		(5,209	)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities		–		–		–		(1	)		–			(1	)
Balance March 31, 2025		30,704	$	31	$	249,981	$	–		$	(226,729	)	$	23,283

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

6

Atomera Incorporated

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026			2025
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(6,073	)	$	(5,209	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		9			12
Operating lease right of use asset amortization		50			61
Financing lease right of use asset amortization		211			251
Stock-based compensation		1,406			1,009
Net accretion of discounts on available-for-sale securities		(40	)		(6	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(41	)		6
Interest receivable		(10	)		(8	)
Prepaid and other current assets		(450	)		(95	)
Accounts payable		69			269
Accrued expenses		45			(44	)
Accrued payroll expenses		132			(926	)
Operating lease liability		(4	)		(98	)
Deferred revenue		89			(4	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(4,607	)		(4,782	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment		–			(4	)
Purchase of available-for-sale securities		(26,988	)		–
Maturity of available-for-sale securities		–			1,000
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities		(26,988	)		996
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from registered direct offering of common stock net of commissions and expenses		23,596			–
Proceeds from at-the-market sale of stock, net of commissions and expenses		3,139			2,407
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		124			–
Payments on principal of financing lease		(314	)		(276	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		26,545			2,131
Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(5,050	)		(1,655	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		19,210			25,778
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	14,160		$	24,123
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest	$	4		$	21
Cash paid for taxes	$	–		$	–

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

7

ATOMERA INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Atomera Incorporated (“Atomera” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in March 2007 under the name MEARS Technologies, Inc. and is engaged in the development, commercialization and licensing of proprietary processes and technologies for the semiconductor industry. On January 12, 2016, the Company changed its name to Atomera Incorporated.

Atomera is an early-stage company, having only limited revenue-generating activities, and is devoting substantially all its efforts toward technology research and development and to commercially licensing its technology to designers and manufacturers of integrated circuits.

2. LIQUIDITY AND MANAGEMENT PLANS

At March 31, 2026, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $41.1 million and working capital of approximately $39.9 million. The Company has generated only limited revenues since inception and has incurred recurring operating losses. Accordingly, it is subject to all the risks inherent in the initial organization, financing, expenditures, and scaling of a new business that is not generating positive cashflow.

On May 31, 2022, Atomera entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (“Craig-Hallum”), as agents, under which the Company offered and sold, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its $0.001 par value common stock in an at the market offering to or through the agents, having aggregate offering proceeds of approximately $44.8 million (the “2022 ATM”). The 2022 ATM Facility expired on March 18, 2025.

On May 27, 2025, Atomera entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Craig-Hallum as agent, under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its $0.001 par value common stock in an at-the-market offering to or through the agent, having aggregate offering proceeds of up to $50.0 million (the “2025 ATM”). During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company sold approximately 1.3 million shares of common stock pursuant to 2025 ATM at an average price per share of approximately $2.47 resulting in approximately $3.1 million in net proceeds to the Company after deducting commissions and other offering expenses.

On February 24, 2026, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “Offering”) of 5,000,000 shares of its $0.001 par value common stock at a purchase price of $5.00 per share pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors. In connection with the Offering, the Company entered into a placement agent agreement with Craig-Hallum, pursuant to which Craig-Hallum served as the exclusive placement agent for the issuance and sale of securities of the Company pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. As compensation for such placement agent services, the Company paid Craig-Hallum an aggregate cash fee equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the Offering and agreed to reimburse up to $75,000 of legal and other expenses actually incurred. Net proceeds to the Company after deducting the placement agent fee and expenses were approximately $23.6 million.

Based on the funds it has available as of the date of the filing of this report, the Company believes that it has sufficient capital to fund its current business plans and obligations over, at least, 24 months from the date that these financial statements have been issued. The Company’s future capital requirements and the adequacy of its available funds will depend on many factors, including the Company’s ability to successfully commercialize its technology, competing technological and market developments, and the need to enter into collaborations with other companies or acquire technologies to enhance or complement its current offerings. 

8

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2026.

Basis of Presentation of Unaudited Condensed Financial Information

The unaudited condensed financial statements of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, such information reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and its results of operations. Results shown for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full fiscal year. The balance sheet information as of December 31, 2025 was derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may be invested in money market funds, treasury bills or U.S. government agency bonds. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value.

The Company may also purchase short-term investments comprised of U.S. treasury bills and U.S. government agency bonds with maturities of more than three months, but less than one year. The Company classifies these as available-for-sale at their purchase date and will reevaluate such designation at each period end date. The Company may sell these marketable debt securities prior to their stated maturities depending upon changing liquidity requirements. These debt securities are classified as current assets in the condensed balance sheets and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Gains and losses are recognized when realized. Gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are reported in other income, net in the condensed statements of operations when incurred. Unrealized gains and losses are included in other comprehensive income (loss) on the condensed balance sheets.

Recent Accounting Standards

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03 (as clarified by ASU 2025-01 in January 2025), Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses) (“ASU 2023-03”), requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2024-03 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

9

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-04 Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer which clarifies the guidance on the accounting for share-based payment awards that are granted by an entity as consideration payable to its customer, with the intent to reduce diversity in practice and improve existing guidance by revising the definition of a “performance condition” and eliminating a forfeiture policy election for service conditions associated with share-based consideration payable to a customer. It also clarifies the guidance in Topic 606 on the variable consideration constraint does not apply to share-based consideration payable to a customer “regardless of whether an award’s grant date has occurred”. ASU 2025-04 will be effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2025-04 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments require that an entity capitalize software costs when both: management has authorized and committed to funding the software project; and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). In evaluating the probable-to-complete recognition threshold, an entity is required to consider whether there is significant uncertainty associated with the development activities of the software. ASU 2025-06 will be effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company does not believe ASU 2025-06 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements states that fair value represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The three-tiered fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes which inputs should be used in measuring fair value, consists of:

Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices in the markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as Level 1 assets.

The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments classified by security type as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2026
	Cost		Unrealized Gain/(Loss)			Accretion of Discount		Fair Value
Cash	$	302	$	–		$	–	$	302
Money Market Funds		6,134		–			–		6,134
US Treasury Bills		23,124		(7	)		49		23,166
US Agency Bonds		11,496		(16	)		8		11,488
Total	$	41,056	$	(23	)	$	57	$	41,090

10

	December 31, 2025
	Cost		Unrealized Gain/(Loss)		Accretion of Discount		Fair Value
Cash	$	279	$	–	$	–	$	279
Money Market Funds		18,931		–		–		18,931
Total	$	19,210	$	–	$	–	$	19,210

5. REVENUE

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606. The amount of revenue that the Company recognizes reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for goods or services and such revenue is recognized at the time when goods or services are transferred and/or delivered to its customers. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring the product or service to the customer, either at a point in time or over time. Revenue from MSTcad licenses is recognized over a period of time.

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by primary geographical markets and timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31
	2026		2025
Primary geographic markets
North America	$	11	$	4
Asia Pacific		–		–
Total	$	11	$	4
Timing of revenue recognition
Products and services transferred at a point in time	$	11	$	–
Products and services transferred over time		–		4
Total	$	11	$	4

Unbilled contracts receivable

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing customers. Accounts receivable includes amounts billed and currently due from customers. Unbilled contracts receivable represents unbilled amounts expected to be received from customers in future periods, where the revenue recognized to date exceeds the amount billed, and the right to receive payment is subject to the underlying contractual terms. Unbilled contracts receivable amounts may not exceed their net realizable value and are classified as long-term assets if the payments are expected to be received more than one year from the reporting date. The Company had no unbilled contracts receivable as of March 31, 2026.

Deferred Revenue

The Company records deferred revenue for customers that were issued invoices, but from which the Company has not yet recognized the revenue based on its revenue recognition policy. As of March 31, 2026, the Company has approximately $96,000 in deferred revenue that is expected to be recognized in the next 12 months.

11

6. BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and the dilutive common stock equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive common stock equivalent shares, which include incremental common shares issuable upon (i) the exercise of outstanding stock options and (ii) vesting of restricted stock units and (iii) restricted stock awards, are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. Since the Company has had net losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share are equal.

The following potential common stock equivalents were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share because the inclusion thereof would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Stock Options		3,586		3,582
Unvested restricted stock awards		185		423
Unvested restricted stock units		1,191		583
Total		4,962		4,588

7. LEASES

The Company accounts for leases over one year under ASC 842. Lease expense for the Company’s operating leases consists of the lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Expenses for the Company’s financing leases consists of the amortization expenses recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense.

The Company’s lease agreement for an epitaxial deposition tool used in the development and marketing of the Company’s technology established a monthly lease payment of $150,000 per month. The lease contains a provision for an annual adjustment of lease payments based on tool availability and usage during the preceding 12 months and the adjusted payment is calculated on August 1 of each year of the lease. Effective August 1, 2024, the lease payments for this tool were adjusted to $124,071 per month for the period August 1, 2024 through July 31, 2025. This adjustment to the lease payments also resulted in a reduction in the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding lease liability. Effective August 1, 2025, the lease payments for this tool were adjusted to $133,125 per month for the period August 1, 2025 through April 30, 2026. The final three months of the lease were prepaid at the commencement of the lease. This adjustment to the lease payments also resulted in a reduction in the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability.

In December 2025, the Company and its landlord amended the lease of the corporate headquarters in Los Gatos, California. The amendment extends the expiration date of the lease from January 2026 to March 2031. An additional ROU asset and lease liability of approximately $856,000 was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2025. The lease liability is based on the present value of the minimum lease payments, discounted using an estimated incremental borrowing rate of 8.75%. The lease contains escalating payments on the anniversary of the original commencement of the lease which are included in the measurement of the lease liability. Additional payments based on a change in the Company’s share of the operating expenses, including property taxes and insurance are recorded as a period expense when incurred.

12

In February 2026, the Company and its landlord amended the lease of its Tempe office location. The lease also contains a performance standard for research collaboration with Arizona State University. The agreement requires a minimum value of collaboration in each year of the lease. The lease is accounted for under ASC 842 and accordingly, the research payments are included in the ROU and lease liability. The lease is for three years with an option to extend the lease for an additional two years. The lease liability is based on the present value of the minimum lease payments, discounted using an estimated incremental borrowing rate of 8.75%. An ROU asset and lease liability of approximately $342,000 was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

In December 2025, the Company entered into a lease agreement for an epitaxial deposition tool in Tempe, Arizona, distinct from the tool previously mentioned. The term of this lease is for 12 months beginning on January 1, 2025 for $95,000 per month. Since the lease term is not for more than one year and there are no extension provisions in the lease, the future lease payments are not included in the lease obligations on the Company’s condensed balance sheets.

Lease expense for operating leases consists of the lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Expenses for financing leases consists of the amortization expenses recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense. The components of lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	211	$	251
Interest on lease liabilities		4		21
Total financing lease costs	$	215	$	272
Operating lease costs:
Fixed lease costs	$	71	$	65
Variable lease costs		–		1
Short-term lease costs		285		285
Total operating lease costs	$	356	$	351

Future minimum payments under non-cancellable leases as of March 31, 2026 were as follows (in thousands):

For the Year Ended December 31,	Financing leases		Operating leases
Remaining 2026	$	106	$	207
2027		–		292
2028		–		299
2029		–		306
2030		–		314
2031		–		64
Total future minimum lease payments		106		1,482
Less imputed interest		–		(285	)
Total lease liability	$	106	$	1,197

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The table below provides supplemental information and non-cash activity related to the Company’s operating and financing leases (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Operating cash flow information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	25	$	102
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of financing liabilities	$	319	$	297
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	342	$	–

The table above does not include short-term leases that are one-year or less. The weighted average remaining discount rate is 5.25% for the Company’s financing leases and 8.75% for the Company’s operating leases. The weighted average remaining lease term is 0.3 years for the financing lease and 5.0 years for operating leases as of March 31, 2026.

8. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

In May 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved its 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (“2017 Plan”) after its 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (“2007 Plan”) had expired in March 2017. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of non-qualified stock options and incentive stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and for the grant of restricted and unrestricted shares of common stock and restricted stock units. The 2017 Plan provides for the issuance of 3,750,000 shares of common stock. In May 2023, the Company’s shareholders approved its 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (“2023 Plan”). The 2023 plan provides for the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of common stock. In May 2025, Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the 2023 Plan, adding an additional 1,750,000 shares to this plan. All employees (including officers and directors who are also employees), as well as all of the nonemployee directors and other consultants, advisors and other persons who provide services to the Company are eligible to receive incentive awards under the 2017 Plan and 2023 Plan. Generally, stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units issued under the 2017 Plan and 2023 Plan vest over a period of one to four years from the date of grant. As of March 31, 2026, a total of approximately 777,000 shares remain available for issuance under the plans.

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense recorded in the Company’s results of operations for stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units granted under the Company’s incentive plans (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Research and development	$	534	$	459
General and administrative		829		599
Selling and marketing		43		(49	)
Total	$	1,406	$	1,009

As of March 31, 2026, there was approximately $13.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share-based compensation. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

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Time-Based Stock Options:

The Company records compensation expense for time-based stock options over the vesting term using the straight-line method. The fair value of employee stock options issued was estimated using the Black-Scholes method and the average grant date fair value was estimated to be $4.39 for three months ended March 31, 2026. There were no time-based stock options issued in the three months ended March 31, 2025. The following table summarizes time-based stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands except exercise prices and contractual terms):

	Number of Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Prices per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		2,907		$	6.53
Granted		109		$	5.24
Exercised		(22	)	$	5.70
Forfeited		(1	)	$	9.91
Expired		(143	)	$	7.66
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		2,850		$	6.43		4.75	$	149
Exercisable at March 31, 2026		2,276		$	6.75		3.76	$	25

The intrinsic value is based on the Company’s closing stock price of $3.81 on March 31, 2026.

Performance-based Stock Options:

In March 2026, the Company began issuing performance-based stock options (“PSOs”) to certain employees. The PSOs include both time-based and stock-price-based vesting thresholds, with 25% of the PSO time-vesting one year after the grant date and the remaining PSOs time-vesting over the next three years, but the PSOs only vest and become exercisable if the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market over any 30 consecutive trading days during the five-year period from the date of grant exceeds the stock-price hurdles specified in the PSO awards. The stock-price hurdles for PSOs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026 were $7.50, $12.50 and $20.00. The fair value of these PSOs was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation and the stock compensation expense is amortized over the requisite service period for each tranche, which is the longer of the derived service period or the explicit service period. The average grant date fair value was determined to be $3.87 on the day of grant. The following table summarizes PSO activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands except exercise prices and contractual terms):

	Number of Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Prices per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		–	$	–
Granted		736	$	5.10
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		736	$	5.10		4.95	$	–

The intrinsic value is based on the Company’s closing stock price of $3.81 on March 31, 2026.

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Restricted Stock Awards:

The Company has issued restricted stock awards to employees, directors and consultants and estimates the fair value based on the closing price on the day of grant. The following table summarizes all restricted stock award activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands except per share data):

	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		234		$	6.90
Vested		(42	)	$	8.74
Forfeited		(7	)	$	6.49
Outstanding non-vested shares at March 31, 2026		185		$	6.49

Restricted Stock Units:

The Company issues restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, directors and consultants and a portion of the RSUs issued are subject to time-based vesting and a portion are subject to performance-based vesting criteria. The fair value of time-based RSUs is based on the closing price on the day of grant and they vest over zero to four years. Awards of performance-based restricted stock units by the Company have a performance period of one, two or three years with the vesting of each award tranche dependent on the Company’s Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) relative to the TSR of companies in the Russell 2000 Index over that tranche’s performance period. The fair value for performance-based awards is fixed at the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation and the amount of compensation expense is not adjusted during the performance period regardless of changes in the level of TSR achievement. The following table summarizes all restricted stock unit activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands except per share data):

	Time-Based Units			Performance- Based Units			Total Restricted Stock Units			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		387			221			608		$	7.62
Granted		454			277			731		$	6.81
Vested		(27	)		–			(27	)	$	6.34
Forfeited		(47	)		(74	)		(121	)	$	7.07
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		767			424			1,191		$	7.21

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation, Claims and Assessments

The Company may be subject to periodic lawsuits, investigations and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not party to any material litigation as of March 31, 2026, or through the date these financial statements have been issued.

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10. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer and chief financial officer who review financial information. The CODM uses total operating expense, operating margin and related impact on cash consumption to assess financial performance and allocate resources. These financial metrics are used by the CODM to make key operating decisions, such as the determination of the overall headcount, allocation of headcount, research and development expenditures, licensing and royalty rates offered to customers and capital expenditure commitments. The measure of assets is reported on the accompanying condensed balance sheets as total assets.

The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026			2025
Revenue	$	11		$	4
Less expenses (1):
Employee related expenses		2,204			1,787
Stock-based compensation		1,406			1,009
Travel and entertainment		48			70
Tool related expenses		577			611
Consulting expenses		207			150
Metrology and other outsourced research expenses		559			461
Intellectual property related expenses		230			351
Other operating items(2)		1,104			1,028
Loss from operations		(6,324	)		(5,463	)
Other income (expense), net		251			254
Net loss	$	(6,073	)	$	(5,209	)

(1)	Expenses classified as cost of revenue are included in the line items presented and not as a separate category.
(2)	Other operating expenses include items not listed above separately. These include travel and entertainment, professional development, information technology costs, office related costs, depreciation, other research and development costs, other sales and marketing costs and other general and administrative costs.

11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Management has evaluated subsequent events and transactions through the date these financial statements were issued.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Atomera Incorporated should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the accompanying notes that appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Statements in this Quarterly Report include forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. We use words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Although forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and factors currently known by us. Consequently, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties, and changes in condition, significance, value and effect, including those risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026. Such risks, uncertainties and changes in condition, significance, value and effect could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed herein and in ways not readily foreseeable. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are based on information currently and reasonably known to us. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect any event or circumstance that may arise after the date of this Quarterly Report. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Quarterly Report, which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Overview

We are engaged in the business of developing, commercializing and licensing proprietary processes and technologies for the $700+ billion semiconductor industry. Our lead technology, named Mears Silicon Technology™, or MST^®, is a thin film of reengineered silicon. MST is our proprietary and patent-protected performance enhancement technology that we believe addresses a number of key engineering challenges facing the semiconductor industry. MST provides multiple benefits to the semiconductor manufacturing process, enabling transistors to be made smaller, with increased speed, reliability and power efficiency. In addition, since MST is an additive and low-cost technology, we believe it can be deployed on an industrial scale, with machines commonly used in semiconductor manufacturing. We believe that MST can be widely incorporated into the most common types of semiconductor products, including analog, logic, optical and memory integrated circuits. 

We do not design or manufacture wafers or integrated circuits directly. Instead, we develop and license technologies and processes that we believe offer the designers and manufacturers of wafers and integrated circuits a low-cost solution to the industry’s need for greater performance and lower power consumption. Our customers and partners include:

· foundries, which manufacture integrated circuits on behalf of fabless manufacturers;

· integrated device manufacturers, or IDMs, which are the fully-integrated designers and manufacturers of integrated circuits;

· fabless semiconductor manufacturers, which are designers of integrated circuits that outsource the manufacturing of their chips to foundries;  

· manufacturers of semiconductor wafers, which provide the substrates upon which integrated circuits are fabricated;

· original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, that manufacture the epitaxial, or epi, machines used to deposit semiconductor layers, such as the MST film, onto silicon wafers; and

· electronic design automation companies, which make tools used throughout the industry to simulate performance of semiconductor products using different materials, design structures and process technologies.

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Our principal business objective is to enter into commercial license agreements that enable our customers to manufacture and sell MST-enabled products, generating license revenues and ongoing royalties. We also license our MSTcad^® software to customers, enabling them to simulate the effects of MST on their products using Synopsys, Inc.’s technology computer-aided design, or TCAD, software. In addition, we offer fee-based integration engineering services to customers to evaluate the effects of MST as integrated into their manufacturing flow. Typically, we offer these services through paid evaluation arrangement, joint development agreements (“JDAs”) or integration license agreements.

Our goal is that MSTcad licensing and engineering service arrangements will be tools that demonstrate the benefits of MST when integrated into customers’ manufacturing processes and will lead customers to enter into commercial license agreements. A “commercial license” consists of (i) an R&D license, which grants our customer the rights to install MST on a tool in their fab and to manufacture MST-enabled products, but only for internal use and limited customer sampling and (ii) a high-volume manufacturing, or HVM, license which grants the rights to manufacture and sell MST-enabled products to their customers.

Depending upon our customers’ business needs and how we initially engaged with them, we may make these license grants in one or more separate contracts. Our preferred model is to charge our customers upfront license fees for each license grant. Under our licensing model, the R&D license fee is due upon installation of MST in a tool at our customer’s fab and a larger HVM license fee will be due when our customer completes qualification of MST in their process and before they can sell MST -enabled products to their customers. Upon the grant of an HVM license, our licensees are also required to make royalty payments to us based on the number and/or sales price of MST-enabled products they sell. We have engaged with certain customers under joint development agreements, or JDAs. Our JDAs include development, technology transfer, manufacturing and licensing components.

To date, applications of our MST technology have primarily been for power devices, RFSOI devices and advanced CMOS integrated circuits including logic and memory. CMOS integrated circuits are the most widely used type of integrated circuits in the semiconductor industry. We believe MST has the potential to overcome the key challenges found in the implementation of next-generation nano-scale semiconductor devices incorporating CMOS type transistors, namely enhancing drive current, reducing leakage and reducing variability. In addition, we believe that MST has the potential to deliver these benefits through a single technology that requires relatively minor modifications to the industry-standard CMOS manufacturing flow. Consequently, we believe that by incorporating MST, designers can make transistors with increased speed, reliability and energy efficiency, without significantly altering the current fabrication process or cost of production.

Starting in 2024, we began applying our technology to wafers used for fabrication of “compound semiconductors” which are devices built using materials other than silicon, such as gallium nitride (GaN), which have properties especially attractive to the power and radio frequency markets. Currently, materials such as GaN suffer from a tradeoff between high-cost specialized wafers and defective, low-yielding wafers resulting from the crystal lattice mismatch between heterogeneous materials. We believe MST can offer a cost-effective solution to these tradeoffs by serving as a buffer layer between different materials, such as between GaN and a silicon wafer substrate.

We were organized as a Delaware limited liability company under the name Nanovis LLC on November 26, 2001. On March 13, 2007, we converted to a Delaware corporation under the name Mears Technologies, Inc. On January 12, 2016, we changed our name to Atomera Incorporated. Shares of our common stock are listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ATOM”.

On May 31, 2022, we entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (“Craig-Hallum”), as agents, under which we offered and sold, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock in an at the market offering to or through the agents, having aggregate offering proceeds of up to $50.0 million (the “2022 ATM”). The 2022 ATM expired on March 18, 2025.

On May 27, 2025, we entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement Craig-Hallum as agent, under which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock in an “at-the-market” offering, (the “2025 ATM”) to or through the agent, having aggregate offering proceeds of up to $50.0 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we sold approximately 1.3 million shares pursuant to the 2025 ATM at an average price per share of approximately $2.47 resulting in approximately $3.1 million of net proceeds to us after deducting commissions and other offering expenses.

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On February 24, 2026, we completed a registered direct offering (the “Offering”) of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $5.00 per share pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors. In connection with the Offering, the Company entered into a placement agent agreement with Craig-Hallum, pursuant to which Craig-Hallum served as the exclusive placement agent for the issuance and sale of securities of the Company pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. As compensation for such placement agent services, the Company paid Craig-Hallum an aggregate cash fee equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the Offering and agreed to reimburse up to $75,000 of legal and other expenses actually incurred. Net proceeds to the Company after deducting the placement agent fee and expenses were approximately $23.6 million.

Results of Operations

Revenues. To date, we have only generated limited revenue from customer engagements for engineering services, integration license agreements, R&D licenses granted under a JDA and under our license agreement with ST Microelectronics and licensing of MSTcad. Our MSTcad licenses grant customers the right to use MSTcad software to simulate the effects of incorporating MST technology into their semiconductor manufacturing process. MSTcad licenses are granted on a monthly or yearly basis and revenue is recognized over time.

Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was approximately $11,000 and $4,000, respectively. Our revenue for the period ended March 31, 2026, consisted of engineering services revenue from the delivery of MST wafers. Revenue for the period ended March 31, 2025 consisted of MSTcad licensing and related consulting services revenue.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue consists of costs of materials, as well as direct compensation and expenses incurred to deliver wafers and perform services, and consulting services provided for our MSTcad licenses. Cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was approximately $126,000. No cost of revenue was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2025. We anticipate that our cost of revenue will vary substantially depending on the mix of license and engineering services revenues we receive and the nature of products and/or services delivered in each customer engagement. Cost of revenue is expensed when incurred and may not correspond with revenue earned in the same period. Our cost of revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2026 is an example of this timing mismatch because our labor, wafer processing and metrology costs were incurred in advance of anticipated wafer shipments that will result in recognizing engineering services revenue in future periods.

Operating expenses. Operating expenses consist of research and development, general and administrative, and selling and marketing expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, our operating expenses totaled approximately $6.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively.

Research and development expense. To date, our operations have focused on research, development, patent prosecution, and commercialization of our MST technology and related technologies such as MSTcad. Our research and development costs primarily consist of payroll and benefits costs for our engineering staff and costs of outsourced fabrication (including epi tool leases) and metrology of semiconductor wafers incorporating our MST technology.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we incurred approximately $3.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively, of research and development expenses, an increase of approximately $202,000, or 6%. This increase was primarily due to increases in payroll and benefits costs of approximately $79,000 and stock-based compensation expenses of approximately $75,000.

General and administrative expense. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and benefit costs for administrative personnel, office-related costs and professional fees. General and administrative costs were approximately $2.3 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively, representing an increase of approximately $245,000, or 12%. The increase is primarily related to increases of approximately $229,000 in stock-based compensation expenses and payroll and benefits costs of approximately $168,000 offset by a decrease of approximately $121,000 in intellectual property related expenses.

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Selling and marketing expense. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salary and benefits for our sales and marketing personnel and business development consulting services. Selling and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were approximately $419,000 and $124,000, respectively, representing an increase of approximately $295,000, or 238%. The increase is primarily related to a $136,000 increase in employee related expenses, approximately $92,000 increase in stock based compensation and recruiting fees all related to an increase in headcount over the prior year.

Interest income. Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was approximately $197,000 and $270,000, respectively. Interest income reflects interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and are impacted by current interest rates and average balances over the periods presented.

Accretion income. Accretion income for the three months ended March 31, 206 and 2025 was approximately $57,000 and $6,000, respectively. Accretion income relates to the increase in value of our available-for-sale securities from the purchase date through the maturity date.

Interest expense. Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, was approximately $4,000 and $21,000, respectively. Interest expense is related to the tool financing lease entered into in August 2021.

Other income (expense), net. Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was approximately $1,000 and ($1,000), respectively.

Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities

Net cash used in operating activities of approximately $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 resulted primarily from our net loss of approximately $6.1 million offset by approximately $1.4 million of stock-based compensation.

Net cash used in operating activities of approximately $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 resulted primarily from our net loss of approximately $5.2 million and a decrease in our accrued payroll expenses of approximately $926,000, offset by approximately $1.0 million of stock-based compensation and an increase of approximately $269,000 in accounts payable.

Net cash used in investing activities of approximately $27.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 consisted of the purchase of short-term available-for-sale investments.

Net cash provided by investing activities of approximately $996,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 consisted primarily of the maturity of short-term available-for-sale investments.

Net cash provided by financing activities of approximately $26.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 primarily related to the net proceeds from sales under our registered direct offering of common stock, sales under the 2025 ATM and stock option exercises, offset by the principal payments on our financing lease.

Net cash provided by financing activities of approximately $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily related to the net proceeds from sales under our 2022 ATM, offset by the principal payments on our financing lease.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2026, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $41.1 million and working capital of approximately $39.9 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 we had a net loss of approximately $6.1 million and used approximately $4.6 million of cash and cash equivalents in operations. Since inception, we have incurred recurring operating losses.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we sold approximately 1.3 million shares of commons stock pursuant to the 2025 ATM at an average price per share of approximately $2.47, resulting in approximately $3.1 million of net proceeds to the Company after deducting commissions and other offering expenses.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we sold five million shares of common stock in a registered direct offering, at a purchase price of $5.00 per share. As compensation for such placement agent services, the Company paid Craig-Hallum an aggregate cash fee equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the Offering and agreed to reimburse up to $75,000 of legal and other expenses as actually incurred. Net proceeds to the Company after deducting the placement agent fee and expenses were approximately $23.6 million.

We believe that our available working capital is sufficient to fund our presently forecasted working capital requirements for, at least, the next 24 months following the date of the filing of this report. However, our future capital requirements and the adequacy of our available funds will depend on many factors, including our ability to successfully commercialize our MST technology, competing technological and market developments, and the need to enter into collaborations with other companies or acquire technologies to enhance or complement our current offerings. If we are not able to generate sufficient revenue from license fees and royalties in a timeframe that satisfies our cash needs, we will need to raise more capital. In the event we require additional capital, we will endeavor to acquire additional funds through various financing sources, including our ATM, follow-on equity offerings, debt financing and joint ventures with industry partners. In addition, we will consider alternatives to our current business plan that may enable us to achieve revenue-producing operations and meaningful commercial success with a smaller amount of capital. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve cash.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no changes to our critical accounting estimates from those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2026.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes to our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined by Rule 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three-month period ended March 31, 2026 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II. Other Information

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The primary risk factors affecting our business have not changed materially from the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026.

Item 5. Other Information

The table below summarizes the terms of arrangements adopted or terminated by officers or directors during the three months ended March 31, 2026. All of the trading arrangements listed below are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1c.

Name and Position	Adoption Date	Total Number of Shares to be Sold	Expiration Date
Robert Mears,	Adopted	Up to 60,470 (1)	March 19, 2027
Chief Technology Officer	March 9, 2026
Robert Mears,	Adopted	Up to 86,580(2)	March 19, 2027
Chief Technology Officer	March 9, 2026

(1)	The actual number of shares sold will depend on the vesting of restricted stock awards and the number of shares withheld by the Company to satisfy its income tax withholding obligations, and may vary from the approximate number provided.
(2)	The actual number of shares sold is dependent on the exercise of stock options at specific prices with the subsequent sale of the underlying shares at specific price targets.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Report on Form 10-Q:

Exhibit No.	Description	Method of filing
10.1	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement dated February 23, 2026 between the Registrant and the purchasers thereto	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2026
10.2	Placement Agent Agreement dated February 23, 2026 between the Registrant and Craig-Hallum Capital Group, LLC	Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2026
31.1	Certifications Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed electronically herewith
31.2	Certifications Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed electronically herewith
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350)	Filed electronically herewith
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)	Filed electronically herewith
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	Filed electronically herewith
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	Filed electronically herewith
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Filed electronically herewith
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	Filed electronically herewith
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	Filed electronically herewith
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in IXBRL, and included in exhibit 101).	Filed electronically herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	ATOMERA INCORPORATED.
Date: May 5, 2026	By:	/s/ Scott A. Bibaud
		Scott A. Bibaud Chief Executive Officer,
		(Principal Executive Officer)
		and Director
Date: May 5, 2026	By:	/s/ Francis B. Laurencio
		Francis B. Laurencio
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and
		Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Scott A. Bibaud, certify that:

(1)	I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Atomera Incorporated (the “Company”);
(2)	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
(3)	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
(4)	The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d- 15(f)) for the company and have:
	(a)	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
	(d)	disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s most recent quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; And
(5)	The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	(a)	all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
	(b)	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

	ATOMERA INCORPORATED
Date: May 5, 2026	By:	/s/ Scott A. Bibaud
		Scott A. Bibaud, Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Francis B. Laurencio, certify that:

(1)	I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Atomera Incorporated (the “Company”);
(2)	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
(3)	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
(4)	The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and15d- 15(f)) for the company and have:
	(a)	designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
	(d)	disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s most recent quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; And
(5)	The Company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	(a)	all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
	(b)	any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

	ATOMERA INCORPORATED
Date: May 5, 2026	By:	/s/ Francis B. Laurencio
		Francis B. Laurencio, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18

U.S.C. 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Atomera Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Scott A. Bibaud, the Chief Executive Officer, and Francis B. Laurencio, the Chief Financial Officer, of the Company, respectively, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Scott A. Bibaud	Dated: May 5, 2026
	Scott A. Bibaud
	Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
By:	/s/ Francis B. Laurencio	Dated: May 5, 2026
	Francis B. Laurencio
	Title: Chief Financial Officer

This certification is made solely for the purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, subject to the knowledge standard contained therein, and not for any other purpose.

XML

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Apr. 29, 2026
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2026
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2026
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	001-37850
Entity Registrant Name	ATOMERA INCORPORATED
Entity Central Index Key	0001420520
Entity Tax Identification Number	30-0509586
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	750 University Avenue
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 280
Entity Address, City or Town	Los Gatos
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	95032
City Area Code	408
Local Phone Number	442-5248
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock: Par value $0.001
Trading Symbol	ATOM
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		38,716,500

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2026	Dec. 31, 2025
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 14,160	$ 19,210
Short-term investments	26,930	0
Accounts receivable	41	0
Interest receivable	139	54
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	788	338
Total current assets	42,058	19,602
Property and equipment, net	51	60
Security deposit	14	14
Operating lease right-of-use asset	1,176	884
Financing lease right-of-use-asset	322	533
Total assets	43,621	21,093
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	677	608
Accrued expenses	213	168
Accrued payroll-related expenses	782	650
Current operating lease liability	301	147
Current financing lease liability	106	420
Deferred revenue	96	7
Total current liabilities	2,175	2,000
Long-term operating lease liability	896	712
Total liabilities	3,071	2,712
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock $0.001 par value, authorized 2,500 shares; none issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025	0	0
Common stock: $0.001 par value, authorized 47,500 shares; 38,723 shares issued and 38,716 outstanding as of March 31, 2026; and 32,354 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025	39	32
Additional paid in capital	288,301	260,043
Other comprehensive income	(23)	0
Accumulated deficit	(247,767)	(241,694)
Total stockholders’ equity	40,550	18,381
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 43,621	$ 21,093

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2026	Dec. 31, 2025
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,500	2,500
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	47,500	47,500
Common stock, shares issued	38,723	32,354
Common stock, shares outstanding	38,716	32,354

XML

Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 11	$ 4
Cost of revenue	(126)	0
Gross profit (loss)	(115)	4
Operating expenses
Research and development	3,457	3,255
General and administrative	2,333	2,088
Selling and marketing	419	124
Total operating expenses	6,209	5,467
Loss from operations	(6,324)	(5,463)
Other income (expense)
Interest income	197	270
Accretion income	57	6
Interest expense	(4)	(21)
Other income (expense), net	1	(1)
Total other income (expense), net	251	254
Net loss	$ (6,073)	$ (5,209)
Net loss per common share, basic	$ (0.17)	$ (0.17)
Net loss per common share, diluted	$ (0.17)	$ (0.17)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic	35,256	30,243
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, diluted	35,256	30,243

XML

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (6,073)	$ (5,209)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities	(23)	(1)
Net loss	$ (6,096)	$ (5,210)

XML

Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 31	$ 246,565	$ 1	$ (221,520)	$ 25,077
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2024	30,540
Stock-based compensation		1,009			1,009
At-the-market sale of stock, net of commissions and expenses		2,407			2,407
At-the-market sale of stock, net of commissions and expenses, shares	164
Net loss				(5,209)	(5,209)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities			(1)		(1)
Ending balance, value at Mar. 31, 2025	$ 31	249,981		(226,729)	23,283
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2025	30,704
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2025	$ 32	260,043		(241,694)	18,381
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2025	32,354
Stock-based compensation		1,406			1,406
Stock-based compensation, shares	27
Stock option exercises		124			124
Stock option exercises, shares	22
Forfeiture of restricted stock award
Forfeiture of restricted stock award, shares	(7)
Registered direct offering of common stock, net of commissions, expenses and other offering costs	$ 5	23,591			23,596
Registered direct offering of common stock, net of commissions, expenses and other offering costs, shares	5,000
At-the-market sale of stock, net of commissions and expenses	$ 2	3,137			3,139
At-the-market sale of stock, net of commissions and expenses, shares	1,320
Net loss				(6,073)	(6,073)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities			(23)		(23)
Ending balance, value at Mar. 31, 2026	$ 39	$ 288,301	$ (23)	$ (247,767)	$ 40,550
Ending balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2026	38,716

XML

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (6,073)	$ (5,209)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	9	12
Operating lease right of use asset amortization	50	61
Financing lease right of use asset amortization	211	251
Stock-based compensation	1,406	1,009
Net accretion of discounts on available-for-sale securities	(40)	(6)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(41)	6
Interest receivable	(10)	(8)
Prepaid and other current assets	(450)	(95)
Accounts payable	69	269
Accrued expenses	45	(44)
Accrued payroll expenses	132	(926)
Operating lease liability	(4)	(98)
Deferred revenue	89	(4)
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,607)	(4,782)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment	0	(4)
Purchase of available-for-sale securities	(26,988)	0
Maturity of available-for-sale securities	0	1,000
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	(26,988)	996
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from registered direct offering of common stock net of commissions and expenses	23,596	0
Proceeds from at-the-market sale of stock, net of commissions and expenses	3,139	2,407
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	124	0
Payments on principal of financing lease	(314)	(276)
Net cash provided by financing activities	26,545	2,131
Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(5,050)	(1,655)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	19,210	25,778
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	14,160	24,123
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest	4	21
Cash paid for taxes	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Pay vs Performance Disclosure [Table]
Net Income (Loss)	$ (6,073)	$ (5,209)

XML

Insider Trading Arrangements
shares in Thousands

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

shares

Trading Arrangements, by Individual [Table]

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

 

Name and Position	Adoption Date	Total Number of Shares to be Sold	Expiration Date
Robert Mears,	Adopted	Up to 60,470 (1)	March 19, 2027
Chief Technology Officer	March 9, 2026
Robert Mears,	Adopted	Up to 86,580(2)	March 19, 2027
Chief Technology Officer	March 9, 2026

(1)	The actual number of shares sold will depend on the vesting of restricted stock awards and the number of shares withheld by the Company to satisfy its income tax withholding obligations, and may vary from the approximate number provided.
(2)	The actual number of shares sold is dependent on the exercise of stock options at specific prices with the subsequent sale of the underlying shares at specific price targets.

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Robert Mears [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual [Table]

Name

Robert Mears

Title

Chief Technology Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Adoption Date

March 9, 2026

Expiration Date

March 19, 2027

Arrangement Duration

375 days

Aggregate Available

60,470

Robert Mears 1 [Member]

Trading Arrangements, by Individual [Table]

Name

Robert Mears

Title

Chief Technology Officer

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Adoption Date

March 9, 2026

Expiration Date

March 19, 2027

Arrangement Duration

375 days

Aggregate Available

86,580

XML

NATURE OF OPERATIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

NATURE OF OPERATIONS

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Atomera Incorporated (“Atomera” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in March 2007 under the name MEARS Technologies, Inc. and is engaged in the development, commercialization and licensing of proprietary processes and technologies for the semiconductor industry. On January 12, 2016, the Company changed its name to Atomera Incorporated.

Atomera is an early-stage company, having only limited revenue-generating activities, and is devoting substantially all its efforts toward technology research and development and to commercially licensing its technology to designers and manufacturers of integrated circuits.

XML

LIQUIDITY AND MANAGEMENT PLANS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

LIQUIDITY AND MANAGEMENT PLANS

2. LIQUIDITY AND MANAGEMENT PLANS

At March 31, 2026, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $41.1 million and working capital of approximately $39.9 million. The Company has generated only limited revenues since inception and has incurred recurring operating losses. Accordingly, it is subject to all the risks inherent in the initial organization, financing, expenditures, and scaling of a new business that is not generating positive cashflow.

On May 31, 2022, Atomera entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (“Craig-Hallum”), as agents, under which the Company offered and sold, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its $0.001 par value common stock in an at the market offering to or through the agents, having aggregate offering proceeds of approximately $44.8 million (the “2022 ATM”). The 2022 ATM Facility expired on March 18, 2025.

On May 27, 2025, Atomera entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Craig-Hallum as agent, under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its $0.001 par value common stock in an at-the-market offering to or through the agent, having aggregate offering proceeds of up to $50.0 million (the “2025 ATM”). During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company sold approximately 1.3 million shares of common stock pursuant to 2025 ATM at an average price per share of approximately $2.47 resulting in approximately $3.1 million in net proceeds to the Company after deducting commissions and other offering expenses.

On February 24, 2026, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “Offering”) of 5,000,000 shares of its $0.001 par value common stock at a purchase price of $5.00 per share pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors. In connection with the Offering, the Company entered into a placement agent agreement with Craig-Hallum, pursuant to which Craig-Hallum served as the exclusive placement agent for the issuance and sale of securities of the Company pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. As compensation for such placement agent services, the Company paid Craig-Hallum an aggregate cash fee equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the Offering and agreed to reimburse up to $75,000 of legal and other expenses actually incurred. Net proceeds to the Company after deducting the placement agent fee and expenses were approximately $23.6 million.

Based on the funds it has available as of the date of the filing of this report, the Company believes that it has sufficient capital to fund its current business plans and obligations over, at least, 24 months from the date that these financial statements have been issued. The Company’s future capital requirements and the adequacy of its available funds will depend on many factors, including the Company’s ability to successfully commercialize its technology, competing technological and market developments, and the need to enter into collaborations with other companies or acquire technologies to enhance or complement its current offerings. 

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2026.

Basis of Presentation of Unaudited Condensed Financial Information

The unaudited condensed financial statements of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, such information reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and its results of operations. Results shown for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full fiscal year. The balance sheet information as of December 31, 2025 was derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may be invested in money market funds, treasury bills or U.S. government agency bonds. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value.

The Company may also purchase short-term investments comprised of U.S. treasury bills and U.S. government agency bonds with maturities of more than three months, but less than one year. The Company classifies these as available-for-sale at their purchase date and will reevaluate such designation at each period end date. The Company may sell these marketable debt securities prior to their stated maturities depending upon changing liquidity requirements. These debt securities are classified as current assets in the condensed balance sheets and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Gains and losses are recognized when realized. Gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are reported in other income, net in the condensed statements of operations when incurred. Unrealized gains and losses are included in other comprehensive income (loss) on the condensed balance sheets.

Recent Accounting Standards

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03 (as clarified by ASU 2025-01 in January 2025), Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses) (“ASU 2023-03”), requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2024-03 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-04 Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer which clarifies the guidance on the accounting for share-based payment awards that are granted by an entity as consideration payable to its customer, with the intent to reduce diversity in practice and improve existing guidance by revising the definition of a “performance condition” and eliminating a forfeiture policy election for service conditions associated with share-based consideration payable to a customer. It also clarifies the guidance in Topic 606 on the variable consideration constraint does not apply to share-based consideration payable to a customer “regardless of whether an award’s grant date has occurred”. ASU 2025-04 will be effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2025-04 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments require that an entity capitalize software costs when both: management has authorized and committed to funding the software project; and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). In evaluating the probable-to-complete recognition threshold, an entity is required to consider whether there is significant uncertainty associated with the development activities of the software. ASU 2025-06 will be effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company does not believe ASU 2025-06 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

XML

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements states that fair value represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The three-tiered fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes which inputs should be used in measuring fair value, consists of:

Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices in the markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as Level 1 assets.

The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments classified by security type as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2026
	Cost		Unrealized Gain/(Loss)			Accretion of Discount		Fair Value
Cash	$	302	$	–		$	–	$	302
Money Market Funds		6,134		–			–		6,134
US Treasury Bills		23,124		(7	)		49		23,166
US Agency Bonds		11,496		(16	)		8		11,488
Total	$	41,056	$	(23	)	$	57	$	41,090

	December 31, 2025
	Cost		Unrealized Gain/(Loss)		Accretion of Discount		Fair Value
Cash	$	279	$	–	$	–	$	279
Money Market Funds		18,931		–		–		18,931
Total	$	19,210	$	–	$	–	$	19,210

XML

REVENUE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE

5. REVENUE

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606. The amount of revenue that the Company recognizes reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for goods or services and such revenue is recognized at the time when goods or services are transferred and/or delivered to its customers. Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring the product or service to the customer, either at a point in time or over time. Revenue from MSTcad licenses is recognized over a period of time.

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by primary geographical markets and timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31
	2026		2025
Primary geographic markets
North America	$	11	$	4
Asia Pacific		–		–
Total	$	11	$	4
Timing of revenue recognition
Products and services transferred at a point in time	$	11	$	–
Products and services transferred over time		–		4
Total	$	11	$	4

Unbilled contracts receivable

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing customers. Accounts receivable includes amounts billed and currently due from customers. Unbilled contracts receivable represents unbilled amounts expected to be received from customers in future periods, where the revenue recognized to date exceeds the amount billed, and the right to receive payment is subject to the underlying contractual terms. Unbilled contracts receivable amounts may not exceed their net realizable value and are classified as long-term assets if the payments are expected to be received more than one year from the reporting date. The Company had no unbilled contracts receivable as of March 31, 2026.

Deferred Revenue

The Company records deferred revenue for customers that were issued invoices, but from which the Company has not yet recognized the revenue based on its revenue recognition policy. As of March 31, 2026, the Company has approximately $96,000 in deferred revenue that is expected to be recognized in the next 12 months.

XML

BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE

6. BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and the dilutive common stock equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The Company’s potentially dilutive common stock equivalent shares, which include incremental common shares issuable upon (i) the exercise of outstanding stock options and (ii) vesting of restricted stock units and (iii) restricted stock awards, are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. Since the Company has had net losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share are equal.

The following potential common stock equivalents were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per common share because the inclusion thereof would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Stock Options		3,586		3,582
Unvested restricted stock awards		185		423
Unvested restricted stock units		1,191		583
Total		4,962		4,588

XML

LEASES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Leases

LEASES

7. LEASES

The Company accounts for leases over one year under ASC 842. Lease expense for the Company’s operating leases consists of the lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Expenses for the Company’s financing leases consists of the amortization expenses recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense.

The Company’s lease agreement for an epitaxial deposition tool used in the development and marketing of the Company’s technology established a monthly lease payment of $150,000 per month. The lease contains a provision for an annual adjustment of lease payments based on tool availability and usage during the preceding 12 months and the adjusted payment is calculated on August 1 of each year of the lease. Effective August 1, 2024, the lease payments for this tool were adjusted to $124,071 per month for the period August 1, 2024 through July 31, 2025. This adjustment to the lease payments also resulted in a reduction in the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding lease liability. Effective August 1, 2025, the lease payments for this tool were adjusted to $133,125 per month for the period August 1, 2025 through April 30, 2026. The final three months of the lease were prepaid at the commencement of the lease. This adjustment to the lease payments also resulted in a reduction in the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability.

In December 2025, the Company and its landlord amended the lease of the corporate headquarters in Los Gatos, California. The amendment extends the expiration date of the lease from January 2026 to March 2031. An additional ROU asset and lease liability of approximately $856,000 was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2025. The lease liability is based on the present value of the minimum lease payments, discounted using an estimated incremental borrowing rate of 8.75%. The lease contains escalating payments on the anniversary of the original commencement of the lease which are included in the measurement of the lease liability. Additional payments based on a change in the Company’s share of the operating expenses, including property taxes and insurance are recorded as a period expense when incurred.

In February 2026, the Company and its landlord amended the lease of its Tempe office location. The lease also contains a performance standard for research collaboration with Arizona State University. The agreement requires a minimum value of collaboration in each year of the lease. The lease is accounted for under ASC 842 and accordingly, the research payments are included in the ROU and lease liability. The lease is for three years with an option to extend the lease for an additional two years. The lease liability is based on the present value of the minimum lease payments, discounted using an estimated incremental borrowing rate of 8.75%. An ROU asset and lease liability of approximately $342,000 was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

In December 2025, the Company entered into a lease agreement for an epitaxial deposition tool in Tempe, Arizona, distinct from the tool previously mentioned. The term of this lease is for 12 months beginning on January 1, 2025 for $95,000 per month. Since the lease term is not for more than one year and there are no extension provisions in the lease, the future lease payments are not included in the lease obligations on the Company’s condensed balance sheets.

Lease expense for operating leases consists of the lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Expenses for financing leases consists of the amortization expenses recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense. The components of lease costs were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	211	$	251
Interest on lease liabilities		4		21
Total financing lease costs	$	215	$	272
Operating lease costs:
Fixed lease costs	$	71	$	65
Variable lease costs		–		1
Short-term lease costs		285		285
Total operating lease costs	$	356	$	351

Future minimum payments under non-cancellable leases as of March 31, 2026 were as follows (in thousands):

For the Year Ended December 31,	Financing leases		Operating leases
Remaining 2026	$	106	$	207
2027		–		292
2028		–		299
2029		–		306
2030		–		314
2031		–		64
Total future minimum lease payments		106		1,482
Less imputed interest		–		(285	)
Total lease liability	$	106	$	1,197

The table below provides supplemental information and non-cash activity related to the Company’s operating and financing leases (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Operating cash flow information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	25	$	102
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of financing liabilities	$	319	$	297
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	342	$	–

The table above does not include short-term leases that are one-year or less. The weighted average remaining discount rate is 5.25% for the Company’s financing leases and 8.75% for the Company’s operating leases. The weighted average remaining lease term is 0.3 years for the financing lease and 5.0 years for operating leases as of March 31, 2026.

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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

8. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

In May 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved its 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (“2017 Plan”) after its 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (“2007 Plan”) had expired in March 2017. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of non-qualified stock options and incentive stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and for the grant of restricted and unrestricted shares of common stock and restricted stock units. The 2017 Plan provides for the issuance of 3,750,000 shares of common stock. In May 2023, the Company’s shareholders approved its 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (“2023 Plan”). The 2023 plan provides for the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of common stock. In May 2025, Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the 2023 Plan, adding an additional 1,750,000 shares to this plan. All employees (including officers and directors who are also employees), as well as all of the nonemployee directors and other consultants, advisors and other persons who provide services to the Company are eligible to receive incentive awards under the 2017 Plan and 2023 Plan. Generally, stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units issued under the 2017 Plan and 2023 Plan vest over a period of one to four years from the date of grant. As of March 31, 2026, a total of approximately 777,000 shares remain available for issuance under the plans.

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense recorded in the Company’s results of operations for stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units granted under the Company’s incentive plans (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Research and development	$	534	$	459
General and administrative		829		599
Selling and marketing		43		(49	)
Total	$	1,406	$	1,009

As of March 31, 2026, there was approximately $13.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested share-based compensation. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

Time-Based Stock Options:

The Company records compensation expense for time-based stock options over the vesting term using the straight-line method. The fair value of employee stock options issued was estimated using the Black-Scholes method and the average grant date fair value was estimated to be $4.39 for three months ended March 31, 2026. There were no time-based stock options issued in the three months ended March 31, 2025. The following table summarizes time-based stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands except exercise prices and contractual terms):

	Number of Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Prices per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		2,907		$	6.53
Granted		109		$	5.24
Exercised		(22	)	$	5.70
Forfeited		(1	)	$	9.91
Expired		(143	)	$	7.66
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		2,850		$	6.43		4.75	$	149
Exercisable at March 31, 2026		2,276		$	6.75		3.76	$	25

The intrinsic value is based on the Company’s closing stock price of $3.81 on March 31, 2026.

Performance-based Stock Options:

In March 2026, the Company began issuing performance-based stock options (“PSOs”) to certain employees. The PSOs include both time-based and stock-price-based vesting thresholds, with 25% of the PSO time-vesting one year after the grant date and the remaining PSOs time-vesting over the next three years, but the PSOs only vest and become exercisable if the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market over any 30 consecutive trading days during the five-year period from the date of grant exceeds the stock-price hurdles specified in the PSO awards. The stock-price hurdles for PSOs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026 were $7.50, $12.50 and $20.00. The fair value of these PSOs was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation and the stock compensation expense is amortized over the requisite service period for each tranche, which is the longer of the derived service period or the explicit service period. The average grant date fair value was determined to be $3.87 on the day of grant. The following table summarizes PSO activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands except exercise prices and contractual terms):

	Number of Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Prices per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		–	$	–
Granted		736	$	5.10
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		736	$	5.10		4.95	$	–

The intrinsic value is based on the Company’s closing stock price of $3.81 on March 31, 2026.

Restricted Stock Awards:

The Company has issued restricted stock awards to employees, directors and consultants and estimates the fair value based on the closing price on the day of grant. The following table summarizes all restricted stock award activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands except per share data):

	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		234		$	6.90
Vested		(42	)	$	8.74
Forfeited		(7	)	$	6.49
Outstanding non-vested shares at March 31, 2026		185		$	6.49

Restricted Stock Units:

The Company issues restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, directors and consultants and a portion of the RSUs issued are subject to time-based vesting and a portion are subject to performance-based vesting criteria. The fair value of time-based RSUs is based on the closing price on the day of grant and they vest over zero to four years. Awards of performance-based restricted stock units by the Company have a performance period of one, two or three years with the vesting of each award tranche dependent on the Company’s Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) relative to the TSR of companies in the Russell 2000 Index over that tranche’s performance period. The fair value for performance-based awards is fixed at the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation and the amount of compensation expense is not adjusted during the performance period regardless of changes in the level of TSR achievement. The following table summarizes all restricted stock unit activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands except per share data):

	Time-Based Units			Performance- Based Units			Total Restricted Stock Units			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		387			221			608		$	7.62
Granted		454			277			731		$	6.81
Vested		(27	)		–			(27	)	$	6.34
Forfeited		(47	)		(74	)		(121	)	$	7.07
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		767			424			1,191		$	7.21

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation, Claims and Assessments

The Company may be subject to periodic lawsuits, investigations and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company is not party to any material litigation as of March 31, 2026, or through the date these financial statements have been issued.

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SEGMENT INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT INFORMATION

10. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer and chief financial officer who review financial information. The CODM uses total operating expense, operating margin and related impact on cash consumption to assess financial performance and allocate resources. These financial metrics are used by the CODM to make key operating decisions, such as the determination of the overall headcount, allocation of headcount, research and development expenditures, licensing and royalty rates offered to customers and capital expenditure commitments. The measure of assets is reported on the accompanying condensed balance sheets as total assets.

The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026			2025
Revenue	$	11		$	4
Less expenses (1):
Employee related expenses		2,204			1,787
Stock-based compensation		1,406			1,009
Travel and entertainment		48			70
Tool related expenses		577			611
Consulting expenses		207			150
Metrology and other outsourced research expenses		559			461
Intellectual property related expenses		230			351
Other operating items(2)		1,104			1,028
Loss from operations		(6,324	)		(5,463	)
Other income (expense), net		251			254
Net loss	$	(6,073	)	$	(5,209	)

(1)	Expenses classified as cost of revenue are included in the line items presented and not as a separate category.
(2)	Other operating expenses include items not listed above separately. These include travel and entertainment, professional development, information technology costs, office related costs, depreciation, other research and development costs, other sales and marketing costs and other general and administrative costs.

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Management has evaluated subsequent events and transactions through the date these financial statements were issued.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2026.

Basis of Presentation of Unaudited Condensed Financial Information

Basis of Presentation of Unaudited Condensed Financial Information

The unaudited condensed financial statements of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, such information reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and its results of operations. Results shown for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full fiscal year. The balance sheet information as of December 31, 2025 was derived from the audited financial statements included in the Company’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 24, 2026. These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may be invested in money market funds, treasury bills or U.S. government agency bonds. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value.

The Company may also purchase short-term investments comprised of U.S. treasury bills and U.S. government agency bonds with maturities of more than three months, but less than one year. The Company classifies these as available-for-sale at their purchase date and will reevaluate such designation at each period end date. The Company may sell these marketable debt securities prior to their stated maturities depending upon changing liquidity requirements. These debt securities are classified as current assets in the condensed balance sheets and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Gains and losses are recognized when realized. Gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are reported in other income, net in the condensed statements of operations when incurred. Unrealized gains and losses are included in other comprehensive income (loss) on the condensed balance sheets.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Standards

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03 (as clarified by ASU 2025-01 in January 2025), Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses) (“ASU 2023-03”), requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2024-03 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-04 Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Clarifications to Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer which clarifies the guidance on the accounting for share-based payment awards that are granted by an entity as consideration payable to its customer, with the intent to reduce diversity in practice and improve existing guidance by revising the definition of a “performance condition” and eliminating a forfeiture policy election for service conditions associated with share-based consideration payable to a customer. It also clarifies the guidance in Topic 606 on the variable consideration constraint does not apply to share-based consideration payable to a customer “regardless of whether an award’s grant date has occurred”. ASU 2025-04 will be effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2025-04 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments require that an entity capitalize software costs when both: management has authorized and committed to funding the software project; and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). In evaluating the probable-to-complete recognition threshold, an entity is required to consider whether there is significant uncertainty associated with the development activities of the software. ASU 2025-06 will be effective for the annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company does not believe ASU 2025-06 will have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosure.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of fair value measurements

	March 31, 2026
	Cost		Unrealized Gain/(Loss)			Accretion of Discount		Fair Value
Cash	$	302	$	–		$	–	$	302
Money Market Funds		6,134		–			–		6,134
US Treasury Bills		23,124		(7	)		49		23,166
US Agency Bonds		11,496		(16	)		8		11,488
Total	$	41,056	$	(23	)	$	57	$	41,090

	December 31, 2025
	Cost		Unrealized Gain/(Loss)		Accretion of Discount		Fair Value
Cash	$	279	$	–	$	–	$	279
Money Market Funds		18,931		–		–		18,931
Total	$	19,210	$	–	$	–	$	19,210

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REVENUE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of disaggregated revenue by primary geographical markets and timing of revenue recognition

	Three Months Ended March 31
	2026		2025
Primary geographic markets
North America	$	11	$	4
Asia Pacific		–		–
Total	$	11	$	4
Timing of revenue recognition
Products and services transferred at a point in time	$	11	$	–
Products and services transferred over time		–		4
Total	$	11	$	4

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BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of anti-dilutive shares

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Stock Options		3,586		3,582
Unvested restricted stock awards		185		423
Unvested restricted stock units		1,191		583
Total		4,962		4,588

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LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Leases

Schedule of lease costs

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	211	$	251
Interest on lease liabilities		4		21
Total financing lease costs	$	215	$	272
Operating lease costs:
Fixed lease costs	$	71	$	65
Variable lease costs		–		1
Short-term lease costs		285		285
Total operating lease costs	$	356	$	351

Schedule of future minimum payments

For the Year Ended December 31,	Financing leases		Operating leases
Remaining 2026	$	106	$	207
2027		–		292
2028		–		299
2029		–		306
2030		–		314
2031		–		64
Total future minimum lease payments		106		1,482
Less imputed interest		–		(285	)
Total lease liability	$	106	$	1,197

Schedule of supplemental information and non-cash activity

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Operating cash flow information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	25	$	102
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of financing liabilities	$	319	$	297
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	342	$	–

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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026		2025
Research and development	$	534	$	459
General and administrative		829		599
Selling and marketing		43		(49	)
Total	$	1,406	$	1,009

Schedule of performance based stock option activity

	Number of Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Prices per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		2,907		$	6.53
Granted		109		$	5.24
Exercised		(22	)	$	5.70
Forfeited		(1	)	$	9.91
Expired		(143	)	$	7.66
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		2,850		$	6.43		4.75	$	149
Exercisable at March 31, 2026		2,276		$	6.75		3.76	$	25

Schedule of restricted stock activity

	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		234		$	6.90
Vested		(42	)	$	8.74
Forfeited		(7	)	$	6.49
Outstanding non-vested shares at March 31, 2026		185		$	6.49

Schedule of restricted stock unit activity

	Time-Based Units			Performance- Based Units			Total Restricted Stock Units			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		387			221			608		$	7.62
Granted		454			277			731		$	6.81
Vested		(27	)		–			(27	)	$	6.34
Forfeited		(47	)		(74	)		(121	)	$	7.07
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		767			424			1,191		$	7.21

Performance Based Stock Options [Member]

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of performance based stock option activity

	Number of Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Prices per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years)		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2026		–	$	–
Granted		736	$	5.10
Outstanding at March 31, 2026		736	$	5.10		4.95	$	–

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of selected financial information

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2026			2025
Revenue	$	11		$	4
Less expenses (1):
Employee related expenses		2,204			1,787
Stock-based compensation		1,406			1,009
Travel and entertainment		48			70
Tool related expenses		577			611
Consulting expenses		207			150
Metrology and other outsourced research expenses		559			461
Intellectual property related expenses		230			351
Other operating items(2)		1,104			1,028
Loss from operations		(6,324	)		(5,463	)
Other income (expense), net		251			254
Net loss	$	(6,073	)	$	(5,209	)

(1)	Expenses classified as cost of revenue are included in the line items presented and not as a separate category.
(2)	Other operating expenses include items not listed above separately. These include travel and entertainment, professional development, information technology costs, office related costs, depreciation, other research and development costs, other sales and marketing costs and other general and administrative costs.

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LIQUIDITY AND MANAGEMENT PLANS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Feb. 24, 2026	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2025
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		$ 41,100,000
Working capital		$ 39,900,000
Common stock, par value		$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Proceeds from sale of stock, value		$ 3,139,000	$ 2,407,000
Securities Purchase Agreement [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued	5,000,000
Share price	$ 0.001
Purchase price	$ 5.00
Legal and other expenses	$ 75,000
Proceeds from fees received		$ 23,600,000
Equity Distribution Agreement [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value		$ 0.001
Stock issued new, shares		1,300,000
Average price per share		$ 2.47
Proceeds from sale of stock, value		$ 3,100,000

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details) - Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Dec. 31, 2025
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Cost	$ 41,056	$ 19,210
Unrealized Gain/(Loss)	(23)	0
Accretion of Discount	57	0
Fair Value	41,090	19,210
Cash [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Cost	302	279
Unrealized Gain/(Loss)	0	0
Accretion of Discount	0	0
Fair Value	302	279
Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Cost	6,134	18,931
Unrealized Gain/(Loss)	0	0
Accretion of Discount	0	0
Fair Value	6,134	$ 18,931
U S Treasury Bills [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Cost	23,124
Unrealized Gain/(Loss)	(7)
Accretion of Discount	49
Fair Value	23,166
U S Agency Bonds [Member]
Fair Value, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Cost	11,496
Unrealized Gain/(Loss)	(16)
Accretion of Discount	8
Fair Value	$ 11,488

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REVENUE (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 11	$ 4
Transferred at Point in Time [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	11	0
Transferred over Time [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	4
Timing Of Revenue Recognition [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	11	4
North America [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	11	4
Asia Pacific [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Primary Geographic Market [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 11	$ 4

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REVENUE (Details Narrative)	Mar. 31, 2026 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Deferred revenue	$ 96,000

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BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti dilutive shares	4,962	4,588
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti dilutive shares	3,586	3,582
Unvested Restricted Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti dilutive shares	185	423
Unvested Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti dilutive shares	1,191	583

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LEASES (Details - Lease costs) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Financing lease costs:
Amortization of ROU assets	$ 211	$ 251
Interest on lease liabilities	4	21
Total financing lease costs	215	272
Operating lease costs:
Fixed lease costs	71	65
Variable lease costs	0	1
Short-term lease costs	285	285
Total operating lease costs	$ 356	$ 351

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LEASES (Details - Minimum lease payments) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2026 USD ($)
Operating Leases [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remaining 2026	$ 207
2027	292
2028	299
2029	306
2030	314
2031	64
Total future minimum lease payments	1,482
Less imputed interest	(285)
Total lease liability	1,197
Financing Leases [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remaining 2026	106
2027	0
2028	0
2029	0
2030	0
2031	0
Total future minimum lease payments	106
Less imputed interest	0
Total lease liability	$ 106

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LEASES (Details - Cash flow effect) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Operating cash flow information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$ 25	$ 102
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of financing liabilities	319	297
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$ 342	$ 0

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LEASES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2026	Dec. 31, 2025
Property, Plant, and Equipment [Line Items]
ROU asset		$ 1,176,000	$ 884,000
Weighted average remaining discount rate for operating leases		8.75%
Weighted average remaining discount rate for financing leases		5.25%
Weighted average lease term for financing lease		3 months 18 days
Weighted average lease term for operating lease		5 years
Los Gatos CA [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment [Line Items]
ROU asset			856,000
Lease liability			$ 856,000
Weighted average remaining discount rate for operating leases		8.75%
Tempe Office [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment [Line Items]
ROU asset		$ 342,000
Lease liability		$ 342,000
Weighted average remaining discount rate for operating leases		8.75%
Tempe AZ [Member]
Property, Plant, and Equipment [Line Items]
Lessee operating lease description	In December 2025, the Company entered into a lease agreement for an epitaxial deposition tool in Tempe, Arizona, distinct from the tool previously mentioned. The term of this lease is for 12 months beginning on January 1, 2025 for $95,000 per month. Since the lease term is not for more than one year and there are no extension provisions in the lease, the future lease payments are not included in the lease obligations on the Company’s condensed balance sheets.

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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (Details - Compensation expense) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Interim Period, Costs Not Allocable [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,406	$ 1,009
Research And Development [Member]
Interim Period, Costs Not Allocable [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	534	459
General And Administrative [Member]
Interim Period, Costs Not Allocable [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	829	599
Selling And Marketing [Member]
Interim Period, Costs Not Allocable [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 43	$ (49)

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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (Details - Time-based stock options activity) - Time Based Stock Option [Member] $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of outstanding, beginning balance | shares	2,907
Outstanding, weighted average exercise prices per share, beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 6.53
Number of options granted | shares	109
Options granted, weighted average exercise prices per share | $ / shares	$ 5.24
Number of options exercised | shares	(22)
Options exercised, weighted average exercise prices per share | $ / shares	$ 5.70
Number of options forfeited | shares	(1)
Options forfeited, weighted average exercise prices per share | $ / shares	$ 9.91
Number of options expired | shares	(143)
Options expired, weighted average exercise prices per share | $ / shares	$ 7.66
Number of outstanding, ending balance | shares	2,850
Outstanding, weighted average exercise prices per share, ending balance | $ / shares	$ 6.43
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 9 months
Options outstanding, intrinsic value | $	$ 149
Options exercisable | shares	2,276
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise prices per share | $ / shares	$ 6.75
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	3 years 9 months 3 days
Options exercisable, intrinsic value | $	$ 25

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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (Details - Performance-based stock options activity) - Performance Based Stock Options [Member] $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Beginning balance | shares	0
Weighted average exerciseprices per share, Beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 0
Number of Shares, granted | shares	736
Weighted average exerciseprices per share, granted | $ / shares	$ 5.10
Number of Shares, Ending balance | shares	736
Weighted average exercise prices per share, Ending balance | $ / shares	$ 5.10
Weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 11 months 12 days
Intrinsic value | $	$ 0

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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (Details - Restricted stock) - Restricted Stock [Member] shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Beginning balance | shares	234
Weighted average exerciseprices per share, Beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 6.90
Number of restricted stock shares, vested | shares	(42)
Weighted average grant date fair value per share, vested | $ / shares	$ 8.74
Number of restricted stock shares, forfeited | shares	(7)
Weighted average grant date fair value per share, forfeited | $ / shares	$ 6.49
Number of Shares, Ending balance | shares	185
Weighted average exercise prices per share, Ending balance | $ / shares	$ 6.49

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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (Details - Restricted stock units) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of outstanding, beginning balance	608
Outstanding, weighted average exercise prices per share, beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 7.62
Number of restricted stock units shares, granted	731
Weighted average grant date fair value per share restricted stock unit, granted | $ / shares	$ 6.81
Number of restricted stock units shares, vested	(27)
Weighted average grant date fair value per share restricted stock unit, vested | $ / shares	$ 6.34
Number of restricted stock units shares, forfeited	(121)
Weighted average grant date fair value per share restricted stock unit, forfeited | $ / shares	$ 7.07
Number of outstanding, ending balance	1,191
Outstanding, weighted average exercise prices per share, ending balance | $ / shares	$ 7.21
Time Based Units [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of outstanding, beginning balance	387
Number of restricted stock units shares, granted	454
Number of restricted stock units shares, vested	(27)
Number of restricted stock units shares, forfeited	(47)
Number of outstanding, ending balance	767
Performance Based Units [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of outstanding, beginning balance	221
Number of restricted stock units shares, granted	277
Number of restricted stock units shares, vested	0
Number of restricted stock units shares, forfeited	(74)
Number of outstanding, ending balance	424

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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025	May 31, 2023	May 31, 2017
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares available for grant		777,000
Equity Option [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 13.2
Unrecognized compensation weighted average period		2 years 3 months 18 days
Time Based Stock Option [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Average grant date fair value per share		$ 4.39	$ 0
Intrinsic value is based closing stock price		3.81
Performance Based Stock Options 1 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price hurdles		7.50
Performance Based Stock Options 2 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price hurdles		12.50
Performance Based Stock Options 3 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock price hurdles		20.00
Performance Based Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Average grant date fair value per share		3.87
Intrinsic value is based closing stock price		$ 3.81
Plan 2017 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized for issuance					3,750,000
Plan 2023 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized for issuance				2,000,000
Additional shares authorized under the plan	1,750,000

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2026	Mar. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 11	$ 4
Less expenses :
Employee related expenses	[1]	2,204	1,787
Stock-based compensation	[1]	1,406	1,009
Travel and entertainment	[1]	48	70
Tool related expenses	[1]	577	611
Consulting expenses	[1]	207	150
Metrology and other outsourced research expenses	[1]	559	461
Intellectual property related expenses	[1]	230	351
Other operating items	[1],[2]	1,104	1,028
Loss from operations		(6,324)	(5,463)
Other income (expense), net		251	254
Net loss		$ (6,073)	$ (5,209)

[1] Expenses classified as cost of revenue are included in the line items presented and not as a separate category.

[2] Other operating expenses include items not listed above separately. These include travel and entertainment, professional development, information technology costs, office related costs, depreciation, other research and development costs, other sales and marketing costs and other general and administrative costs.

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2026 Integer
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1