Income tax expense (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Income tax expense

Schedule of components of income tax expense (benefit)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020				2019
		U.S.		Canada		U.S.		Canada
Current income tax expense	$	2.8	$	2.8	$	1.9	$	3.0
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense		(28.1)		(1.7)		7.7		(2.8)
Total income tax (benefit) expense, net	$	(25.3)	$	1.1	$	9.6	$	0.2

Schedule of reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the Canadian enacted statutory rate to the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020				2019
		U.S.		Canada		U.S.		Canada
Computed income tax expense (benefit) at Canadian statutory rate	$	11.2	$	2.1	$	(2.2)	$	(7.0)
(Decreases) increases resulting from:
Operating in countries with different income tax rates		(0.3)		—		0.1		—
		10.9		2.1		(2.1)		(7.0)
Change in valuation allowance		(39.7)		(0.5)		(2.2)		7.9
		(28.8)		1.6		(4.3)		0.9
Dividend withholding tax and other cash taxes		1.8		0.2		1.1		0.2
Foreign exchange		—		(0.6)				1.7
Changes in tax rates		(0.1)		—		2.2		—
Changes in estimates due to tax filings		3.0		—		(0.1)		(0.2)
Capital gain on intercompany notes		—		0.2		0.1		—
Impairments		—		—		7.7		—
Other		(1.2)		(0.3)		2.9		(2.4)
		3.5		(0.5)		13.9		(0.7)
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(25.3)		1.1	$	9.6	$	0.2

Schedule of significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Deferred tax assets:
Loss carryforwards	$	123.9	$	135.9
Capital loss carryforwards		35.3		35.8
Interest expense limitation carryforwards		-		9.7
Finance and share issuance costs		-		0.1
Tax credits		1.4		1.4
Stock-based compensation		2.4		2.4
Derivative contracts		3.8		5.7
Other long-term notes		2.3		—
Other		3.1		0.9
Total deferred tax assets		172.2		191.9
Less: Valuation allowance		(105.2)		(145.4)
		67.0		46.5
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets		(22.0)		(21.9)
Property, plant and equipment		(22.0)		(31.2)
Basis difference in joint ventures		(5.8)		(5.4)
Other long-term investments		-		(1.3)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(49.8)		(59.8)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$	17.2	$	(13.3)
	Year Ended December 31,
Net deferred tax asset (liability) by jurisdiction	2020		2019
U.S. Federal and State	$	4.5	$	(23.7)
Canada		12.7		10.4
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$	17.2	$	(13.3)

Schedule of amounts of net operating loss carryforwards and their expiration years

	U.S.		Canada		Total
2029	$	-	$	19.9	$	19.9
2030		-		-		-
2031		25.4		-		25.4
2032		13.4		6.0		19.4
2033		20.6		24.0		44.6
2034		122.3		9.3		131.6
2035		154.1		-		154.1
2036		17.0		20.7		37.7
2037		16.7		9.0		25.7
2038		-		10.3		10.3
2039		-		7.2		7.2
2040		-		1.2		1.2
	$	369.5	$	107.6	$	477.1