DEFM14A

DEFM14A 1 d283119ddefm14a.htm DEFM14A DEFM14A

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

PROXY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 14(a) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Filed by the Registrant ☒

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

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Preliminary Proxy Statement

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Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

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Definitive Proxy Statement

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Definitive Additional Materials

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Soliciting Material under §240.14a-12

TWITTER, INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check all boxes that apply):

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No fee required.

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Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

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Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.

LOGO

TWITTER, INC.

1355 MARKET STREET, SUITE 900

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94103

To the Stockholders of Twitter, Inc.:

You are cordially invited to attend a special meeting of stockholders (which we refer to, together with any adjournment, postponement or other delay thereof, as the “special meeting”) of Twitter, Inc. (which we refer to as “Twitter”). The special meeting will be held on September 13, 2022, at 10:00 a.m., Pacific time. You may attend the special meeting via a live interactive webcast at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022SM. You will be able to listen to the special meeting live and vote online. We believe that a virtual meeting provides expanded access, improved communication and cost savings for our stockholders and Twitter.

At the special meeting, you will be asked to consider and vote on a proposal to adopt the Agreement and Plan of Merger (as it may be amended from time to time), dated as of April 25, 2022 (which we refer to as the “merger agreement”), among X Holdings I, Inc. (which we refer to as “Parent”), X Holdings II, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (which we refer to as “Acquisition Sub”), Twitter, and, solely for the purposes of certain provisions of the merger agreement, Elon R. Musk. Parent is wholly owned by Mr. Musk. We refer to the merger of Acquisition Sub with and into Twitter as the “merger.”

At the special meeting, you will also be asked to consider and vote on a proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to its named executive officers in connection with the merger; and a proposal for the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

If the merger is completed, you will be entitled to receive $54.20 in cash, without interest and subject to any applicable withholding taxes, for each share of our common stock that you own (unless you have properly exercised your appraisal rights). This amount constitutes a premium of approximately 38 percent to the closing price of our common stock on April 1, 2022, which was the last full trading day before Mr. Musk disclosed his approximately nine percent stake in Twitter.

Twitter’s Board of Directors, after considering the factors more fully described in the enclosed proxy statement, unanimously: (1) determined that the merger agreement is advisable and the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Twitter and its stockholders; and (2) adopted and approved the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.

Twitter’s Board of Directors unanimously recommends that you vote:

(1)

“FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement;

(2)

“FOR” the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to its named executive officers in connection with the merger; and

(3)

“FOR” the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

The accompanying proxy statement provides detailed information about the special meeting, the merger agreement and the merger, and the other proposals to be considered at the special meeting. A copy of the merger agreement is attached as Annex A to the proxy statement.

The accompanying proxy statement also describes the actions and determinations of Twitter’s Board of Directors in connection with its evaluation of the merger agreement and the merger. Please read the proxy statement and its annexes, including the merger agreement, carefully and in their entirety, as they contain important information.

On July 8, 2022 representatives of Mr. Musk delivered a notice purporting to terminate the merger agreement. Twitter believes that Mr. Musk’s purported termination is invalid and wrongful, and the merger agreement remains in effect. On July 12, 2022, Twitter commenced litigation against Mr. Musk, Parent and Acquisition Sub to cause them to perform their obligations under the merger agreement and consummate the closing in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement. On July 19, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery granted Twitter’s motion to expedite proceedings and scheduled a five day trial to begin in October 2022. Adoption of the merger agreement by our stockholders is the only remaining approval or regulatory condition to completing the merger under the merger agreement, and is an important and required step for our stockholders to receive the merger consideration.

We are committed to closing the merger on the price and terms agreed upon with Mr. Musk. Your vote at the special meeting is critical to our ability to complete the merger. Twitter’s Board of Directors unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” each of the proposals at the special meeting.

Even if you plan to virtually attend the special meeting, please sign, date and return, as promptly as possible, the enclosed proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience) or grant your proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone (using the instructions found on the proxy card). If you virtually attend the special meeting and vote at the special meeting, your vote will revoke any proxy that you have previously submitted. If you fail to return your proxy or to attend the special meeting, your shares will not be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the special meeting and will have the same effect as a vote against the adoption of the merger agreement.

If your shares are held through a bank, broker or other nominee, you are considered the “beneficial owner” of shares held in “street name.” If you hold your shares in “street name,” you will receive instructions from your bank, broker or other nominee that you must follow in order to submit your voting instructions and have your shares counted at the special meeting. Your bank, broker or other nominee cannot vote on any of the proposals to be considered at the special meeting without your instructions. Without your instructions, your shares will not be counted for purposes of a quorum or be voted at the special meeting, and that will have the same effect as voting against the adoption of the merger agreement.

Your vote is very important, regardless of the number of shares that you own.

If you have any questions or need assistance voting your shares, please contact our proxy solicitor:

Innisfree M&A Incorporated

501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor

New York, New York 10022

Stockholders call: (877) 750-8338 (toll-free from the U.S. and Canada) or

+1 (412) 232-3651 (from other countries)

Banks and brokers call collect: (212) 750-5833

On behalf of Twitter’s Board of Directors, thank you for your support.

Very truly yours,


Parag Agrawal		Bret Taylor
Chief Executive Officer and Director		Chairman of the Board of Directors

LOGO

TWITTER, INC.

1355 MARKET STREET, SUITE 900

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94103

NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON SEPTEMBER 13, 2022

Notice is given that a special meeting of stockholders (which we refer to, together with any adjournment, postponement or other delay thereof, as the “special meeting”) of Twitter, Inc., a Delaware corporation (which we refer to as “Twitter”), will be held on September 13, 2022, at 10:00 a.m., Pacific time, for the following purposes:

To consider and vote on the proposal to adopt the Agreement and Plan of Merger (as it may be amended from time to time) dated as of April 25, 2022, among X Holdings I, Inc., X Holdings II, Inc., Twitter, and, solely for the purposes of certain provisions of the merger agreement, Elon R. Musk (which we refer to as the “merger agreement”);

To consider and vote on the proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to its named executive officers in connection with the merger of X Holdings II, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of X Holdings I, Inc., with and into Twitter (which we refer to as the “merger”);

To consider and vote on any proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting; and

To transact any other business that may properly come before the special meeting.

The special meeting will be held by means of a live interactive webcast on the internet at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022SM. You will be able to listen to the special meeting live and vote online. The special meeting will begin promptly at 10:00 a.m., Pacific time. Online check-in will begin a few minutes prior to the special meeting. You will need the control number found on your proxy card or voting instruction form in order to participate in the special meeting (including voting your shares).

Only Twitter stockholders as of the close of business on July 22, 2022 are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the special meeting.

Twitter’s Board of Directors unanimously recommends that you vote: (1) “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement; (2) “FOR” the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to its named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) “FOR” the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Twitter stockholders who do not vote in favor of the proposal to adopt the merger agreement (whether by voting against the adoption of the merger agreement, abstaining or otherwise not voting with respect to the adoption of the merger agreement) will have the right to seek appraisal of the “fair value” of their shares of our common stock (exclusive of any elements of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger and together with interest (as described in the accompanying proxy statement) to be paid on the amount determined to be “fair value”) in lieu of receiving $54.20 per share in cash if the merger is completed, as determined in accordance with Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (which is referred to as the “DGCL”). To do so, a Twitter stockholder must properly demand appraisal before the vote is taken on the merger agreement and comply with all other requirements of the DGCL, including Section 262 thereof, which are summarized in the accompanying proxy statement, and must meet certain other conditions. Section 262 of the DGCL is reproduced in its entirety in Annex B to the accompanying proxy statement and is incorporated in this notice by reference.

Even if you plan to attend the special meeting, please sign, date and return, as promptly as possible, the enclosed proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience) or grant your proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone (using the instructions found on the proxy card). If you attend the special meeting and vote at the special meeting, your vote will revoke any proxy that you have previously submitted. If you fail to return your proxy or to attend the special meeting, your shares will not be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the special meeting and will have the same effect as a vote against the adoption of the merger agreement.

If your shares are held through a bank, broker or other nominee, you are considered the “beneficial owner” of shares held in “street name.” If you hold your shares in “street name,” you will receive instructions from your bank, broker or other nominee that you must follow in order to submit your voting instructions and have your shares counted at the special meeting. Your bank, broker or other nominee cannot vote on any of the proposals to be considered at the special meeting without your instructions. Without your instructions, your shares will not be counted for purposes of a quorum or voted at the special meeting, and that will have the same effect as voting against the adoption of the merger agreement.

By Order of the Board of Directors,

Parag Agrawal

Chief Executive Officer and Director

Dated: July 26, 2022

San Francisco, California

LOGO

TWITTER, INC.

PROXY STATEMENT

FOR

SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON SEPTEMBER 13, 2022

This proxy statement is dated July 26, 2022 and, together with the enclosed form of proxy card,

is first being sent to stockholders on or about July 26, 2022.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



TRANSACTION SUMMARY			1

Introduction			1

Parties Involved in the Merger			1

Effect of the Merger			2

Per Share Price			3

The Special Meeting			3

Recommendation of the Twitter Board and Reasons for the Merger			5

Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC			5

Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC			5

Treatment of Equity Awards in the Merger			6

Employee Benefits			8

Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger			9

Appraisal Rights			10

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger			11

Regulatory Approvals Required for the Merger			11

Financing of the Merger			11

Restrictions on Solicitation of Other Acquisition Offers			12

Change in the Twitter Board’s Recommendation			13

Conditions to the Closing of the Merger			14

Termination of the Merger Agreement			15

Termination Fees and Remedies			16

Limited Guarantee			17

Delisting and Deregistration of Our Common Stock			17

Effect on Twitter if the Merger is Not Completed			18

Litigation Relating to the Merger			18

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS			20

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS			33

THE SPECIAL MEETING			35

Date, Time and Place			35

Purpose of the Special Meeting			35

Attending the Special Meeting			35

Record Date; Shares Entitled to Vote; Quorum			35

Vote Required; Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes			36

Shares Held by Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers and Mr. Musk			36

Voting of Proxies			37

Revocability of Proxies			38

The Twitter Board’s Recommendation			38



Adjournment			38

Solicitation of Proxies			39

Anticipated Date of Completion of the Merger			39

Appraisal Rights			39

Other Matters			40

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials			40

Householding of Special Meeting Materials			40

Questions and Additional Information			41

THE MERGER			42

Parties Involved in the Merger			42

Effect of the Merger			43

Effect on Twitter if the Merger is Not Completed			43

Per Share Price			44

Background of the Merger			44

Recommendation of the Twitter Board and Reasons for the Merger			83

Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC			88

Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC			99

Unaudited Prospective Financial Information			106

Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger			109

Closing and Effective Time of the Merger			118

Appraisal Rights			118

Accounting Treatment			124

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger			124

Regulatory Approvals Required for the Merger			128

Limited Guarantee			131

Financing of the Merger			131

Delisting and Deregistration of Our Common Stock			133

Litigation Relating to the Merger			133

PROPOSAL 1: ADOPTION OF THE MERGER AGREEMENT			135

PROPOSAL 2: APPROVAL, ON A NON-BINDING, ADVISORY BASIS, OF CERTAIN MERGER-RELATED EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION			136

PROPOSAL 3: ADJOURNMENT OF THE SPECIAL MEETING			137

THE MERGER AGREEMENT			138

Closing and Effective Time of the Merger			138

Effects of the Merger; Certificate of Incorporation; Bylaws; Directors and Officers			139

Conversion of Shares			139

Payment Agent, Exchange Fund and Exchange and Payment Procedures			141

Representations and Warranties			142

Conduct of Business Pending the Merger			146



Restrictions on Solicitation of Other Acquisition Offers			149

The Twitter Board’s Recommendation; Board Recommendation Change			150

Stockholder Meeting			152

Employee Benefits			152

Efforts to Close the Merger			153

Indemnification and Insurance			156

Conditions to the Closing of the Merger			157

Termination of the Merger Agreement			158

Termination Fees and Remedies			159

Fees and Expenses			161

No Third Party Beneficiaries			161

Assignment			161

Amendment and Waiver			161

Governing Law and Venue			162

Waiver of Jury Trial			162

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT			163

FUTURE STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS			166

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION			167

MISCELLANEOUS			169

ANNEX A – Agreement and Plan of Merger

ANNEX B – Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law

ANNEX C – Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

ANNEX D – Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

iii

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Even if you plan to attend the special meeting, we encourage you to submit your proxy as promptly as possible: (1) over the internet; (2) by telephone; or (3) by signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience). You may revoke your proxy or change your vote at any time before your proxy is voted at the special meeting.

If your shares are held through a bank, broker or other nominee, you are considered the “beneficial owner” of shares held in “street name.” If you hold your shares in “street name,” you will receive instructions from your bank, broker or other nominee that you must follow in order to submit your voting instructions and have your shares counted at the special meeting. Your bank, broker or other nominee cannot vote on any of the proposals to be considered at the special meeting without your instructions. Without your instructions, your shares will not be counted for purposes of a quorum or voted at the special meeting, and that will have the same effect as voting against the adoption of the merger agreement.

If you are a stockholder of record, voting at the special meeting will revoke any proxy that you previously submitted. If you hold your shares through a bank, broker or other nominee, you must provide a “legal proxy” from the bank, broker or other nominee that holds your shares in order to vote at the special meeting.

We encourage you to read the accompanying proxy statement and its annexes, including all documents incorporated by reference into the accompanying proxy statement, carefully and in their entirety. If you have any questions concerning the merger, the special meeting or the accompanying proxy statement, would like additional copies of the accompanying proxy statement, or need help voting your shares, please contact our proxy solicitor:

Innisfree M&A Incorporated

501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor

New York, New York 10022

Stockholders call: (877) 750-8338 (toll-free from the U.S. and Canada) or

+1 (412) 232-3651 (from other countries)

Banks and brokers call collect: (212) 750-5833

TRANSACTION SUMMARY

Except as otherwise specifically noted in this proxy statement, “Twitter,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar words refer to Twitter, Inc., including, in certain cases, our subsidiaries. Throughout this proxy statement, the “Twitter Board” refers to Twitter’s Board of Directors. Throughout this proxy statement, we refer to X Holdings I, Inc. as “Parent” and X Holdings II, Inc. as “Acquisition Sub.” In addition, throughout this proxy statement we refer to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (as it may be amended from time to time), dated April 25, 2022, between Twitter, Parent, Acquisition Sub and, solely for the purposes described therein, Elon Musk as the “merger agreement.”

This summary highlights selected information from this proxy statement related to the proposed merger of Acquisition Sub (a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent) with and into Twitter, with Twitter surviving and continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. We refer to that transaction as the “merger.”

This proxy statement may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand the merger more fully and for a complete description of its legal terms, you should carefully read this proxy statement, including the annexes to this proxy statement and the other documents to which we refer in this proxy statement. You may obtain the information incorporated by reference in this proxy statement without charge by following the instructions in the section of this proxy statement captioned “Where You Can Find More Information.” A copy of the merger agreement is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement. We encourage you to read the merger agreement, which is the legal document that governs the merger, carefully and in its entirety.

Introduction

On April 25, 2022, Twitter agreed to be acquired by an affiliate of Elon Musk. If the merger is completed, each outstanding share of our common stock (which we refer to as our “common stock”) (subject to certain exceptions) will be converted into the right to receive $54.20 per share in cash. This proxy statement provides information regarding that transaction.

We are committed to closing the merger on the price and terms agreed upon with Mr. Musk. Your vote is critical to our ability to complete the merger. Twitter’s Board of Directors unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” each of the proposals at the special meeting.

Parties Involved in the Merger

Twitter, Inc.

Twitter is what’s happening in the world and what people are talking about right now. Our primary product, Twitter, is a global platform for public self-expression and conversation in real time. We have democratized content creation and distribution so people can consume, create, distribute and discover content about the topics and events they care about most. Through Topics, Interests, and Trends, we help people discover what’s happening through text, images, on demand and live video, and audio from people, content partners, media organizations, advertisers and others. Media outlets, websites, and other partners extend the reach of Twitter content by distributing Tweets beyond our app and website.

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (which we refer to as the “NYSE”) under the symbol “TWTR.” Twitter’s corporate offices are located at 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103, and its telephone number is (415) 222-9670.

X Holdings I, Inc.

Parent was formed on April 19, 2022, solely for the purpose of engaging in the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and has not engaged in any business activities other than as incidental to its formation and in connection with the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and arranging of the equity financing and the debt financing in connection with the merger.

Parent’s address is c/o Elon Musk, 2110 Ranch Road 620 S. #341886, Austin, TX 78734.

X Holdings II, Inc.

Acquisition Sub is a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent and was formed on April 19, 2022, solely for the purpose of engaging in the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. Acquisition Sub has not engaged in any business activities other than as incidental to its formation and in connection with the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and arranging of the equity financing and the debt financing in connection with the merger. Upon completion of the merger, Acquisition Sub will cease to exist and Twitter will continue as the surviving corporation.

Acquisition Sub’s address is c/o Elon Musk, 2110 Ranch Road 620 S. #341886, Austin, TX 78734.

Elon Musk

Elon Musk leads SpaceX, Tesla, Inc., Neuralink Corp. and The Boring Company. Mr. Musk has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Tesla, Inc. since October 2008, as a member of the Board of Directors of Tesla, Inc. since April 2004, as the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Technology Officer and Chairman of the Board of SpaceX since May 2002, and served as Chairman of the Board of SolarCity Corporation, a solar installation company, from July 2006 until its acquisition by Tesla in November 2016. Mr. Musk is also the founder of The Boring Company and of Neuralink Corp. Mr. Musk also co-founded Zip2 Corporation, an early internet company, and PayPal. Mr. Musk has served on the board of directors of Endeavor Group Holdings, Inc. since April 2021. Mr. Musk holds a B.A. in physics from the University of Pennsylvania and a B.S. in business from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Mr. Musk’s address is 2110 Ranch Road 620 S. #341886, Austin, TX 78734.

Effect of the Merger

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, and in accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law (which we refer to as the “DGCL”), at the effective time of the merger: (1) Acquisition Sub will merge with and into Twitter; (2) the separate existence of Acquisition Sub will cease; and (3) Twitter will continue as the surviving corporation in the merger and as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. Throughout this proxy statement, we use the term “surviving corporation” to refer to Twitter as the surviving corporation following the merger.

As a result of the merger, Twitter will cease to be a publicly traded company. If the merger is completed, you will not own any shares of capital stock of the surviving corporation.

The time at which the merger becomes effective (which we refer to as the “effective time of the merger”) will occur upon the filing of a certificate of merger with, and acceptance of that certificate by, the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (or at a later time as Twitter, Parent and Acquisition Sub may agree and specify in the certificate of merger).

Per Share Price

At the effective time of the merger, each outstanding share of our common stock (subject to certain exceptions) will be automatically canceled and will cease to exist and will be converted into the right to receive $54.20 in cash, without interest. We refer to this amount as the “per share price.” For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Conversion of Shares.”

Prior to the closing of the merger, Parent will designate an appropriate paying agent to make payments of the merger consideration to our stockholders. At or prior to the effective time of the merger, Parent will deposit (or cause to be deposited) with the paying agent cash constituting an amount equal to the aggregate merger consideration in accordance with the merger agreement. Once a stockholder (subject to certain exceptions) has provided the paying agent with any documentation required by the paying agent, the paying agent will pay such stockholder the appropriate portion of the aggregate merger consideration (subject to any applicable withholding taxes) in exchange for the shares of our common stock held by that stockholder. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Paying Agent, Exchange Fund and Exchange and Payment Procedures.”

After the merger is completed, you will have the right to receive the per share price for each share of our common stock that you own, but you will no longer have any rights as a stockholder of Twitter (except that our stockholders who properly and validly exercise and perfect, and do not validly withdraw or otherwise lose, their demand for appraisal or dissenters’ rights under the DGCL or other applicable law will have the right to receive a payment for the “fair value” of their shares as determined pursuant to an appraisal proceeding as contemplated by the DGCL, as described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Appraisal Rights”).

The Special Meeting

Date, Time and Place

A special meeting of our stockholders will be held on September 13, 2022, at 10:00 a.m., Pacific time. You may attend the special meeting via a live interactive webcast at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022SM. We refer to the special meeting, and any adjournment, postponement or other delay of the special meeting, as the “special meeting.” You will need the control number found on your proxy card or voting instruction form in order to participate in the special meeting (including voting your shares). We believe that a virtual meeting provides expanded access, improved communication and cost savings for our stockholders and Twitter.

Purpose

At the special meeting, we will ask stockholders to vote on proposals to: (1) adopt the merger agreement; (2) approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Record Date; Shares Entitled to Vote

You are entitled to vote at the special meeting if you owned shares of our common stock as of the close of business on July 22, 2022 (which we refer to as the “record date”). For each share of our common stock that you owned as of the close of business on the record date, you will have one vote on each matter submitted for a vote at the special meeting.

Quorum

As of the record date, there were 765,246,152 shares of our common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting. The holders of a majority of the voting power of our stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum.

Required Vote

The proposals to be voted on at the special meeting require the following votes:

•

Proposal 1: Approval of the proposal to adopt the merger agreement requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock outstanding as of the record date.

•

Proposal 2: Approval of the proposal to approve the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal. This vote will be on a non-binding, advisory basis.

•

Proposal 3: Approval of the proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal.

Voting and Proxies

Any stockholder of record entitled to vote at the special meeting may vote in any of the following ways:

•

by proxy, by returning a signed and dated proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience);

•

by proxy, by granting a proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone (using the instructions found on the proxy card); or

•

by attending the special meeting and voting at the special meeting using the control number on the enclosed proxy card.

If you are a stockholder of record, you may change your vote or revoke your proxy at any time before it is voted at the special meeting by (1) signing another proxy card with a later date and returning it prior to the special meeting; (2) submitting a new proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone after the date of the earlier submitted proxy; (3) delivering a written notice of revocation to our Corporate Secretary; or (4) attending the special meeting and voting at the special meeting.

If you are a beneficial owner and hold your shares of our common stock in “street name” through a bank, broker or other nominee, you should instruct your bank, broker or other nominee on how you wish to vote your shares of our common stock using the instructions provided by your bank, broker or other nominee. Under applicable stock exchange rules, banks, brokers or other nominees have the discretion to vote on routine matters, but not on non-routine matters. The proposals to be considered

at the special meeting are all non-routine matters, and banks, brokers and other nominees cannot vote on these proposals without your instructions. Therefore, it is important that you cast your vote or instruct your bank, broker or nominee on how you wish to vote your shares.

If you hold your shares of our common stock in “street name,” you should contact your bank, broker or other nominee for instructions regarding how to change your vote. You may also vote at the special meeting if you provide a “legal proxy” from your bank, broker or other nominee giving you the right to vote your shares at the special meeting.

Recommendation of the Twitter Board and Reasons for the Merger

The Twitter Board, after considering various factors described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Recommendation of the Twitter Board and Reasons for the Merger,” unanimously: (1) determined that the merger agreement is advisable and the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Twitter and its stockholders; and (2) adopted and approved the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.

The Twitter Board unanimously recommends that you vote: (1) “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement; (2) “FOR” the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) “FOR” the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

At a meeting of the Twitter Board held on April 25, 2022, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (which we refer to as “Goldman Sachs”) rendered its oral opinion, subsequently confirmed by delivery of its written opinion, dated April 25, 2022, to the Twitter Board that, as of the date of the written opinion and based upon and subject to limitations, qualifications and assumptions set forth therein, the $54.20 in cash per share of Twitter common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Parent, Mr. Musk and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to such holders, as more fully described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC.”

The full text of the written opinion of Goldman Sachs, dated April 25, 2022, which sets forth assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken in connection with the opinion, is attached as Annex C to this proxy statement. Goldman Sachs provided advisory services and its opinion for the information and assistance of the Twitter Board in connection with its consideration of the merger. The Goldman Sachs opinion is not a recommendation as to how any holder of our common stock should vote with respect to the merger or any other matter.

Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

At the meeting of the Twitter Board on April 25, 2022, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (which we refer to as “J.P. Morgan”) rendered its oral opinion to the Twitter Board that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the factors and assumptions set forth in its opinion, the consideration to be paid to our common stockholders in the proposed transaction was fair, from a financial point of view, to such stockholders. J.P. Morgan has confirmed its April 25, 2022 oral opinion by delivering its written opinion to the Twitter Board, dated April 25, 2022, that, as of such date, the consideration to be paid to

Twitter’s common stockholders in the proposed merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to such stockholders, as more fully described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC.”

The full text of the written opinion of J.P. Morgan dated April 25, 2022, which sets forth, among other things, the assumptions made, matters considered and limits on the review undertaken, is attached as Annex D to this proxy statement. The summary of the opinion of J.P. Morgan set forth in this proxy statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such opinion. Twitter’s stockholders are urged to read the opinion in its entirety. J.P. Morgan’s written opinion was addressed to the Twitter Board (in its capacity as such) in connection with and for the purposes of its evaluation of the proposed merger, was directed only to the $54.20 per share in cash to be paid to holders of our common stock pursuant to the merger agreement and did not address any other aspect of the merger. J.P. Morgan expressed no opinion as to the fairness of the consideration to the holders of any class of securities, creditors or other constituencies of Twitter or as to the underlying decision by Twitter to engage in the proposed merger. The issuance of J.P. Morgan’s opinion was approved by a fairness committee of J.P. Morgan. The summary of the opinion of J.P. Morgan set forth in this proxy statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such opinion. The opinion does not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder of Twitter as to how such stockholder should vote with respect to the proposed merger or any other matter.

Treatment of Equity Awards in the Merger

The merger agreement provides that Twitter’s equity awards that are outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be treated in the following manner in connection with the merger. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Conversion of Shares—Equity Awards; ESPP.” We refer to awards of restricted stock units as “Twitter RSUs” (including performance-based restricted stock units, or “Twitter PSUs”) and restricted stock as “Twitter equity-based awards.” We refer to awards of stock options to purchase shares of our common stock as “Twitter options.”

Treatment of Twitter Equity-based Awards

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At the effective time of the merger, each vested Twitter equity-based award (other than a vested Twitter option) outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be canceled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash, without interest and less any required withholding taxes, equal to the product of (1) the per share price and (2) the total number of shares of our common stock subject to such vested Twitter equity-based award (and with respect to any vested equity-based awards subject to performance vesting conditions, calculated based on the achievement of the applicable performance metrics at the level of performance at which such equity-based award vested in accordance with its terms).

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applicable vesting dates, vest and be payable at the same time as the unvested Twitter equity-based award for which such cash amount was exchanged would have vested pursuant to its terms and will otherwise remain subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the unvested Twitter equity-based award immediately prior to the effective time of the merger (other than performance-based vesting conditions, which will not apply following the effective time of the merger).

Treatment of Twitter Options

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At the effective time of the merger, each vested Twitter option outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be canceled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash, without interest and less any required withholding taxes, equal to the product of (1) the excess, if any, of the per share price less the exercise price per share of our common stock underlying such Twitter option, and (2) the total number of shares of our common stock subject to such Twitter option.

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At the effective time of the merger, each unvested Twitter option outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be canceled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash, without interest and less any required withholding taxes, equal to the product of (1) the excess, if any, of the per share price less the exercise price per share of our common stock underlying such Twitter option, and (2) the total number of shares of our common stock subject to such Twitter option, which cash amount will, subject to the holder’s continued service with Parent and its affiliates (including the surviving corporation and its subsidiaries) through the applicable vesting dates, vest and be payable at the same time as the unvested Twitter option for which such cash amount was exchanged would have vested pursuant to its terms and will otherwise remain subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the unvested Twitter option immediately prior to the effective time of the merger.

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At the effective time of the merger, any Twitter option outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger and for which the exercise price per share of our common stock underlying such Twitter options is equal to or greater than the per share price will be canceled without any cash payment or other consideration being made in respect of such Twitter option.

Treatment of the ESPP

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As provided in the merger agreement, the Twitter Board has adopted resolutions that provide that (1) the current offering period under our 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (which we refer to as the “ESPP”) will be the final offering period and no further offering period will commence pursuant to the ESPP after the date of the merger agreement, and (2) except as may be required by law, each individual participating in the final offering period as of the date of the merger agreement will not be permitted to (a) increase his or her payroll contribution rate pursuant to the ESPP from the rate in effect when the final offering period commenced or (b) make separate non-payroll contributions to the ESPP on or following the date of the merger agreement.

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than 10 business days prior to the date on which the effective time of the merger occurs; (2) make any pro rata adjustments that may be necessary to reflect the final offering period, but otherwise treat the final offering period as a fully effective and completed offering period for all purposes pursuant to the ESPP; and (3) cause the exercise (as of no later than 10 business days prior to the date on which the effective time of the merger occurs) of each outstanding purchase right pursuant to the ESPP.

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On such exercise date, Twitter will apply the funds credited as of such date pursuant to the ESPP within each participant’s payroll withholding account to the purchase of whole shares of our common stock in accordance with the terms of the ESPP, and such shares of our common stock will be entitled to the per share price. Immediately prior to and effective as of the effective time of the merger (but subject to the consummation of the merger), Twitter will terminate the ESPP.

Employee Benefits

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For a period of one year following the effective time of the merger, Parent will, or will cause the surviving corporation or any of their affiliates to, provide for each continuing employee (1) at least the same base salary and wage rate, (2) short- and long-term target incentive compensation opportunities that are no less favorable in the aggregate than those provided to each such continuing employee immediately prior to the effective time of the merger (provided that Parent will not be obligated to provide such incentives in the form of equity or equity-based awards) and (3) employee benefits (excluding equity and equity-based awards) which are substantially comparable in the aggregate (including with respect to the proportion of employee cost) to those provided to such continuing employee immediately prior to the effective time of the merger. During the one-year period following the effective time of the merger, Parent will, or will cause the surviving corporation or any of their affiliates to, provide severance payments and benefits to each continuing employee that are no less favorable than those applicable to the continuing employee immediately prior to the effective time of the merger under the existing arrangements providing for compensation or employee benefits (which we refer to as “Twitter benefit plans”).

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Parent agrees that the surviving corporation will cause the surviving corporation’s employee benefit plans established following the closing of the merger (if any) and any other employee benefit plans covering the continuing employees following the effective time of the merger (which we refer to, collectively, as the “post-closing benefit plans”), to recognize the service of each continuing employee (to the extent such service was recognized by Twitter) for purposes of eligibility, vesting and determination of the level of benefits (but not for the benefit accrual purposes under a defined benefit pension plan) under the post-closing benefit plans, to the extent such recognition does not result in the duplication of any benefits.

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For the calendar year including the effective time of the merger, the continuing employees will not be required to satisfy any deductible, co-payment, out-of-pocket maximum or similar requirements under the post-closing benefit plans that provide medical, dental and other welfare benefits (which we refer to, collectively, as the “post-closing welfare plans”) to the extent amounts were previously credited for such purposes under comparable Twitter benefit plans that provide medical, dental and other welfare benefits.

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As of the effective time of the merger, any waiting periods, pre-existing condition exclusions and requirements to show evidence of good health contained in such post-closing welfare

plans will be waived with respect to the continuing employees (except to the extent any such waiting period, pre-existing condition exclusion or requirement to show evidence of good health was already in effect with respect to such employees and has not been satisfied under the applicable Twitter benefit plan in which the participant then participates or is otherwise eligible to participate as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger).

For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Employee Benefits.”

Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger

When considering the recommendation of the Twitter Board that you vote to approve the proposal to adopt the merger agreement, you should be aware that our directors and executive officers may have interests in the merger that are different from, or in addition to, your interests as a stockholder. In (1) evaluating and negotiating the merger agreement, (2) approving the merger agreement and the merger and (3) recommending that the merger agreement be adopted by our stockholders, the Twitter Board was aware of and considered these interests to the extent that they existed at the time, among other matters. These interests include the following:

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For our executive officers, the treatment of their Twitter equity-based awards, as described in more detail in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger—Treatment of Equity-Based Awards.”

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For our non-employee directors, the treatment of their Twitter equity-based awards and Twitter options, as described in more detail in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger—Treatment of Equity-Based Awards.”

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The entitlement of each of our executive officers to receive payments and benefits pursuant to Twitter’s Change of Control and Involuntary Termination Policy (which we refer to as the “severance policy”) if, during the period beginning on our change of control (or, in the case of Mr. Agrawal, beginning three months before our change of control) and ending 12 months after our change of control (which we refer to as the “COC period”), Twitter terminates their employment with Twitter for a reason other than “cause,” death or “disability” or they resign for “good reason” (which we refer to as an “involuntary termination”), in each case as set forth in the severance policy. These payments and benefits include:

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a lump sum payment equal to 100 percent of base salary;

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payment of continuation of coverage premiums under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (which we refer to as “COBRA”) for up to 12 months, or taxable payments in lieu of such payment; and

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50 percent (or 100 percent in the case of Mr. Agrawal and Mr. Segal) acceleration of vesting of unvested equity awards (with performance-based vesting deemed achieved at target levels as to that percentage).

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The continued indemnification and insurance coverage for our directors and executive officers from the surviving corporation and Parent under the terms of the merger agreement.

Appraisal Rights

If the merger is consummated, our stockholders who (1) do not vote in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement (whether by voting against the adoption of the merger agreement, abstaining or otherwise not voting with respect to the adoption of the merger agreement), (2) continuously hold their applicable shares of our common stock through the effective time of the merger, (3) properly demand appraisal of their applicable shares, (4) meet certain statutory requirements described in this proxy statement, and (5) do not withdraw their demands or otherwise lose their rights to appraisal will be entitled to seek appraisal of their shares in connection with the merger under Section 262 of the DGCL if certain conditions set forth in Section 262(g) of the DGCL are satisfied. This means that these stockholders will be entitled to have their shares appraised by the Delaware Court of Chancery and to receive payment in cash of the “fair value” of their shares of our common stock, exclusive of any elements of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger, together with (unless the Delaware Court of Chancery in its discretion determines otherwise for good cause shown) interest on the amount determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery to be fair value from the effective date of the merger through the date of payment of the judgment at a rate of five percent over the Federal Reserve discount rate (including any surcharge) as established from time to time during the period between the effective date of the merger and the date of payment of the judgment, compounded quarterly (except that, if at any time before the entry of judgment in the proceeding, the surviving corporation makes a voluntary cash payment to stockholders seeking appraisal, interest will accrue thereafter only upon the sum of (1) the difference, if any, between the amount so paid and the fair value of the shares as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery; and (2) interest theretofore accrued, unless paid at that time). The surviving corporation is under no obligation to make such voluntary cash payment prior to such entry of judgment. Due to the complexity of the appraisal process, stockholders who wish to seek appraisal of their shares are encouraged to seek the advice of legal counsel with respect to the exercise of appraisal rights.

Stockholders considering seeking appraisal should be aware that the fair value of their shares as determined pursuant to Section 262 of the DGCL could be more than, the same as or less than the value of the consideration that they would receive pursuant to the merger agreement if they did not seek appraisal of their shares.

Only a stockholder of record may submit a demand for appraisal. To exercise appraisal rights, the stockholder of record must (1) submit a written demand for appraisal to Twitter before the vote is taken on the proposal to adopt the merger agreement; (2) not vote, in person or by proxy, in favor of the proposal to adopt the merger agreement (whether by voting against the adoption of the merger agreement, abstaining or otherwise not voting with respect to the adoption of the merger agreement); (3) continue to hold the subject shares of our common stock of record through the effective time of the merger; and (4) strictly comply with all other procedures for exercising appraisal rights under the DGCL. The failure to follow exactly the procedures specified under the DGCL may result in the loss of appraisal rights. In addition, the Delaware Court of Chancery will dismiss appraisal proceedings in respect of Twitter unless certain conditions are satisfied by the stockholders seeking appraisal, as described further below. The requirements under Section 262 of the DGCL for exercising appraisal rights are described in further detail in this proxy statement, which description is qualified in its entirety by Section 262 of the DGCL, the relevant section of the DGCL regarding appraisal rights, a copy of which is attached as Annex B to this proxy statement. If you hold your shares of our common stock through a bank, broker or other nominee and you wish to exercise appraisal rights, you should consult with your bank, broker or other nominee to determine the appropriate procedures for the making of a demand for appraisal on your behalf by your bank, broker or other nominee.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the receipt of cash by a U.S. Holder (as defined in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger”) in exchange for such U.S. Holder’s shares of our common stock in the merger generally will result in the recognition of gain or loss in an amount measured by the difference, if any, between the amount of cash that such U.S. Holder receives in the merger and such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares of our common stock surrendered in the merger.

A Non-U.S. Holder (as defined in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger”) generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to the exchange of our common stock for cash in the merger unless such Non-U.S. Holder has certain connections to the United States, but may be subject to backup withholding tax unless the Non-U.S. Holder complies with certain certification procedures or otherwise establishes a valid exemption from backup withholding tax.

For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger.” Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the merger in light of their particular circumstances and any consequences arising under U.S. federal non-income tax laws or the laws of any territory, state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

Regulatory Approvals Required for the Merger

The merger cannot be completed until the waiting periods (and any extensions thereof, if any) applicable to the merger under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (which we refer to as the “HSR Act”) and the laws of certain other jurisdictions have expired or otherwise been terminated, or all requisite consents pursuant to those laws have been obtained. The expiration of the waiting period under the HSR Act occurred at 11:59 p.m., Eastern time, on June 2, 2022. Under the merger agreement, each of Twitter, Parent and Acquisition Sub agreed to, as promptly as reasonably practicable, make any other applications and filings as are mutually agreed by Parent and Twitter, under any antitrust laws or foreign investment laws with respect to the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement. As of the date hereof, all required regulatory clearances and approvals have been obtained and stockholder approval of the merger agreement is the only remaining approval or regulatory condition to consummating the closing of the merger under the merger agreement. For more information, please see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Regulatory Approvals Required for the Merger.”

Financing of the Merger

The total amount of funds necessary to consummate the merger and related transactions, including payment of related fees and expenses, will be approximately $46.5 billion. The transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including (1) the payment of consideration due to our stockholders and the holders of our equity awards under the merger agreement, (2) the repayment of all or a portion of Twitter’s outstanding indebtedness, and (3) the aggregate of all other amounts, costs, fees and expenses required to be paid by Parent will be funded with the proceeds of committed equity and debt financing, as further described below.

Pursuant to an equity commitment letter, as amended and restated (which we refer to as the “equity commitment letter”), Mr. Musk initially committed to contribute or otherwise provide equity capital to Parent in an aggregate amount of up to approximately $21.0 billion in immediately available funds, as necessary to fully discharge, when taken together with the aggregate proceeds of the debt financing

(or, if applicable, alternative financing) actually funded at the closing, the amounts required to be funded by Parent in connection with the merger agreement, including (1) the consideration due to our stockholders and the holders of our equity awards under the merger agreement and (2) the aggregate of all other amounts, costs, fees and expenses required to be paid by Parent in connection with the transactions pursuant to and in accordance with the merger agreement. On May 4, 2022, the equity commitment letter was amended to increase Mr. Musk’s financing commitment thereunder to $27.25 billion. On May 24, 2022, the equity commitment letter was further amended to increase the aggregate principal amount of the equity commitment thereunder to $33.5 billion (which we refer to as the “equity financing”).

Pursuant to a debt commitment letter (which we refer to as the “debt commitment letter”), Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. and the other financial institutions party thereto committed to provide to Acquisition Sub (which we collectively refer to as the “bank debt financing”):

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a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $6.5 billion;

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a senior secured revolving facility in an aggregate committed amount of $500.0 million;

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up to $3.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior secured bridge commitments (which commitments may be replaced by the proceeds of the issuance of one or more series of senior secured notes (in escrow or otherwise) pursuant to a Rule 144A offering or other private placement, as contemplated by the debt commitment letter); and

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up to $3.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured bridge commitments (which commitments may be replaced by the proceeds of the issuance of one or more series of senior unsecured notes (in escrow or otherwise) pursuant to a Rule 144A offering or other private placement, as contemplated by the debt commitment letter).

The proceeds of the bank debt financing would be used at the closing of the merger, together with the proceeds of the equity financing, for the purposes of (1) financing the consummation of the merger, paying fees and expenses incurred in connection with the merger, and (2) the repayment of all or a portion of Twitter’s outstanding indebtedness (we refer to clause (2) as the “refinancing”).

Restrictions on Solicitation of Other Acquisition Offers

Under the merger agreement, during the period commencing on the date of the merger agreement and continuing until the earlier of the effective time of the merger or the date, if any, of termination of the merger agreement, Twitter has agreed that it will, and will cause each of its directors, executive officers and subsidiaries to, and will instruct its other representatives to, immediately cease and cause to be terminated any existing solicitation of, or discussions or negotiations with, any third party relating to any competing proposal.

Until the earlier of the effective time of the merger or the date, if any, of termination of the merger agreement, except as otherwise provided in the relevant provisions of the merger agreement, Twitter has agreed that it will not, and will cause each of its directors, executive officers and subsidiaries not to, and it will instruct its other representatives not to:

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solicit, initiate, knowingly encourage or knowingly facilitate, whether publicly or otherwise, any substantive discussion, offer or request that constitutes, or would reasonably be expected to lead to, a competing proposal; or

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engage in negotiations or substantive discussions with, or furnish any material non-public information to, any person relating to a competing proposal or any inquiry or proposal that would reasonably be expected to lead to a competing proposal.

In addition, until the earlier of the effective time of the merger or the date, if any, of termination of the merger agreement, Twitter has agreed to:

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as promptly as reasonably practicable, and in any event within one business day of receipt by Twitter or any of its directors, executive officers or subsidiaries of any competing proposal or any request that would reasonably be expected to lead to the making of a competing proposal, deliver to Parent a written notice setting forth the identity of the person making such competing proposal or request and the material terms and conditions of any such competing proposal; and

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keep Parent reasonably informed of any material amendment or other modification of any such competing proposal or request on a prompt basis, and in any event within two business days following Twitter’s receipt in writing of such an amendment or modification.

However, at any time prior to obtaining the requisite stockholder approval, in the event that Twitter receives a competing proposal from any person or group of persons, (1) Twitter and its representatives may contact such person to clarify the terms and conditions thereof and (2) Twitter, the Twitter Board and their respective representatives may engage in negotiations or discussions with, or furnish any information and other access to, any person or group of persons making such competing proposal and any of its representatives or potential sources of financing if the Twitter Board determines in good faith (after consultation with its legal counsel and financial advisors) that such competing proposal either constitutes a superior proposal or would reasonably be expected to result in a superior proposal; provided that (a) prior to furnishing any material non-public information concerning Twitter or its subsidiaries, Twitter receives from such person or group, to the extent that such person or group is not already subject to a confidentiality agreement with Twitter, an executed confidentiality agreement containing customary confidentiality terms (it being understood that such confidentiality agreement need not contain a standstill provision or otherwise restrict the making, or amendment, of a competing proposal to Twitter or the Twitter Board) and (b) any such material non-public information so furnished in writing shall be promptly made available to Parent to the extent it was not previously made available to Parent or its representatives. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Restrictions on Solicitation of Other Acquisition Offers.”

Twitter is not entitled to terminate the merger agreement to enter into an agreement for a superior proposal unless it complies with certain procedures in the merger agreement, including engaging in good faith negotiations with Parent during a specified period. If Twitter terminates the merger agreement in order to accept a superior proposal from a third party it must pay a termination fee to Parent. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—The Twitter Board’s Recommendation; Board Recommendation Change.”

Change in the Twitter Board’s Recommendation

Under the merger agreement, the Twitter Board will not (1) publicly recommend that Twitter’s stockholders vote against the adoption of the merger agreement, (2) approve or recommend to Twitter’s stockholders any competing proposal (we refer to the actions described in (1) and (2), collectively, as a “Twitter Board recommendation change”), or (3) approve or recommend or allow Twitter to enter into an agreement with respect to a competing proposal, other than, under certain circumstances, if it determines in good faith, after consultation with its legal counsel and financial

advisors, that (a) failure to take such action would reasonably be expected to be inconsistent with the Twitter Board’s fiduciary duties under applicable law or (b) a competing proposal constitutes a superior proposal, and, in each case, the Twitter Board complies with the terms of the merger agreement. If Twitter or Parent terminates the merger agreement under certain circumstances, including because of a Twitter Board recommendation change prior to the adoption of the merger agreement, then Twitter must pay to Parent a termination fee. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—The Twitter Board’s Recommendation; Board Recommendation Change.”

Conditions to the Closing of the Merger

The obligations of Parent, Acquisition Sub and Twitter, as applicable, to consummate the merger are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions, including the following:

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the adoption of the merger agreement by the requisite affirmative vote of our stockholders;

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the expiration or termination of the waiting period applicable to the merger under the HSR Act, and, to the extent applicable, each consent or approval required under any antitrust laws or foreign investment laws in certain specified jurisdictions having been made, obtained or received (or, as applicable, the waiting periods, if any, with respect thereto will have expired or been terminated); and

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the absence of any then-effective law or order enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered into by any governmental authority in certain specified jurisdictions which has the effect of restraining, enjoining, rendering illegal or otherwise prohibiting consummation of the merger, or causing the merger to be rescinded following the consummation thereof.

The obligations of Parent and Acquisition Sub to consummate the merger are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the following additional conditions, any of which may be waived by Parent:

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Twitter having performed and complied in all material respects with the obligations required by the merger agreement to be performed or complied with by it on or prior to the closing of the merger;

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the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Twitter in the merger agreement, subject to applicable materiality or other qualifiers, as of the effective time of the merger or the date in respect of which such representation or warranty was specifically made; and

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the absence of any Company Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Representations and Warranties”) having occurred that is continuing.

The obligation of Twitter to consummate the merger are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the following additional conditions, any of which may be waived by Twitter:

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Parent and Acquisition Sub having performed and complied in all material respects with the obligations required by the merger agreement to be performed or complied with by Parent or Acquisition Sub on or prior to the closing of the merger; and

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the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Parent and Acquisition Sub in the merger agreement, subject to applicable materiality or other qualifiers, as of the effective time of the merger or the date in respect of which such representation or warranty was specifically made.

Termination of the Merger Agreement

The merger agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the effective time of the merger, whether before or after the adoption of the merger agreement by our stockholders (except as otherwise provided in the merger agreement), in the following ways:

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by mutual written agreement of Twitter and Parent;

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by either Twitter or Parent if:

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the merger has not been consummated by 5:00 p.m., Pacific time, on October 24, 2022 (as such date may be extended pursuant to the terms of this provision, which we refer to as the “termination date”), except that (1) a party may not terminate the merger agreement pursuant to this provision if such party’s failure to perform or comply with any of its obligations under the merger agreement has been the principal cause of, or resulted in, the failure to consummate the merger by the termination date, (2) the termination date will be extended for an additional six months if, as of the termination date, the closing condition regarding (a) the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act or the receipt of approvals under the other specified antitrust laws or foreign investment laws or (b) the absence of any applicable legal restraint prohibiting the consummation of the merger has not been satisfied, and (3) if a party to the merger agreement brings litigation to enforce the performance of the merger agreement, the termination date will be extended to (i) the 20th business day following the resolution of such litigation or (ii) such other time period established by the court in such litigation;

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prior to the effective time of the merger, any governmental authority of competent jurisdiction has enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any law or order or taken any other action permanently restraining, enjoining, rendering illegal or otherwise prohibiting the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, and such law or order or other action has become final and non-appealable, except, in each case, that the right to terminate will not be available to any party (1) that has failed to use the efforts required by the merger agreement to remove such law, order or other action, or (2) if the issuance of such law or order or taking of such action was primarily due to the failure of such party, and, in the case of Parent, the failure of Acquisition Sub or Mr. Musk, to perform any of its obligations under the merger agreement; or

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our stockholders do not adopt the merger agreement at the special meeting (or at any adjournment or postponement thereof at which the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby are voted on);

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by Twitter if:

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subject to a 30-day cure period, Parent, Acquisition Sub or Mr. Musk has breached or failed to perform any of their respective representations, warranties, covenants or

other agreements in the merger agreement, which breach or failure would give rise to the failure of relevant conditions to effect the closing of the merger, except that the right to terminate will not be available to Twitter if Twitter is then in material breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements under the merger agreement;

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the Twitter Board has authorized Twitter to enter into a definitive agreement with respect to a superior proposal, if, substantially concurrently with the termination of the merger agreement, Twitter enters into such definitive agreement and pays (or causes to be paid) the termination fee to and at the direction of Parent; or

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(1) Parent and Acquisition Sub have been notified in writing that the conditions precedent to Parent’s and Acquisition Sub’s obligations to close the merger set forth in the merger agreement (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the closing, each of which is capable of being satisfied if the closing were to occur at such time) have been satisfied or waived in accordance with the merger agreement; (2) Parent and Acquisition Sub fail to consummate the merger within three business days following the date on which the closing should have occurred; and (3) during such three business day period, Twitter stood ready, willing and able to consummate the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; and

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by Parent if:

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subject to a 30-day cure period, Twitter has breached or failed to perform any of its representations, warranties, covenants or other agreements in the merger agreement, which breach or failure would give rise to the failure of relevant conditions to effect the closing of the merger, except that the right to terminate will not be available to Parent if Parent, Acquisition Sub or Mr. Musk is then in material breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements under the merger agreement; or

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prior to the adoption of the merger agreement by the requisite affirmative vote of our stockholders, the Twitter Board has made a Twitter Board recommendation change.

Termination Fees and Remedies

The merger agreement contains certain termination rights for Twitter and Parent.

Upon valid termination of the merger agreement under specified circumstances, Twitter will be required to pay, at the direction of Parent, a termination fee of $1,000,000,000. Specifically, this termination fee will be payable by Twitter to Parent if:

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(1) a third party will have made a competing proposal after the date of the merger agreement, (2) the merger agreement is subsequently terminated by (a) Twitter or Parent because our stockholders have failed to approve the merger agreement at the special meeting or (b) Parent as a result of a breach or failure by Twitter to perform any of its representations, warranties, covenants or other agreements in the merger agreement (subject to a 30-day cure period), which breach or failure would give rise to the failure of any condition to effect the closing of the merger, and at the time of such special meeting or breach, as applicable, a competing proposal has been publicly announced and has not been withdrawn, and (3) within 12 months of such termination of the merger agreement, Twitter consummates a transaction involving a

competing proposal or enters into a definitive agreement providing for the consummation of a competing proposal and such competing proposal is subsequently consummated (provided that, for purposes of this paragraph, all percentages in the definition of competing proposal are increased to 50 percent);

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the merger agreement is terminated by Twitter to enter into a definitive agreement with respect to a superior proposal; or

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the merger agreement is terminated by Parent if the Twitter Board made a Twitter Board recommendation change prior to the adoption of the merger agreement by the requisite affirmative vote of our stockholders.

Upon valid termination of the merger agreement under certain specified circumstances, Parent will be required to pay, at the direction of Twitter, a termination fee of $1,000,000,000, the payment of which has been guaranteed pursuant and subject to the terms and conditions of the limited guaranty. Specifically, the termination fee will be payable by Parent to Twitter if the merger agreement is terminated by Twitter:

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as a result of a breach or failure by Parent, Acquisition Sub or Mr. Musk to perform any of its respective representations, warranties, covenants or other agreements in the merger agreement (subject to a 30-day cure period), which breach or failure would give rise to the failure of relevant conditions to effect the closing of the merger; or

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because Parent and Acquisition Sub failed to consummate the merger as required pursuant to, and in the circumstances specified in, and subject to the terms of, the merger agreement while Twitter stood ready, willing and able to consummate the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.

The merger agreement also provides that Twitter, on one hand, or Parent and Acquisition Sub, on the other hand, may specifically enforce the obligations under the merger agreement in accordance with its terms. In addition, Twitter is entitled to obtain specific performance or other equitable relief to enforce Parent’s and Acquisition Sub’s obligations to cause Mr. Musk to fund the equity financing, or to enforce Mr. Musk’s obligation to fund the equity financing directly, and to consummate the closing of the merger, if certain conditions are satisfied, including the funding or availability of the debt financing.

Neither Parent nor Twitter is required to pay to the other a termination fee on more than one occasion.

Limited Guarantee

Pursuant to the limited guarantee delivered by Elon Musk in favor of Twitter, dated as of April 25, 2022 (which we refer to as the “limited guarantee”), Mr. Musk agreed to guarantee the due, complete and punctual payment, observance, performance and discharge of the payment obligations of Parent under the merger agreement, including the termination fee payable by Parent, plus amounts in respect of reimbursement, indemnification or other payment obligations of Parent for certain costs, expenses, monetary damages or losses incurred or sustained by Twitter, subject to the conditions set forth in the limited guarantee. For more information, please see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Limited Guarantee.”

Delisting and Deregistration of Our Common Stock

If the merger is completed, our common stock will no longer be traded on the NYSE and will be deregistered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (which we refer to as the “Exchange Act”).

We will no longer be required to file periodic reports, current reports and proxy and information statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (which we refer to as the “SEC”) on account of our common stock.

Effect on Twitter if the Merger is Not Completed

Furthermore, if the merger is not completed, and depending on the circumstances that cause the merger not to be completed, the price of our common stock may decline significantly.

Accordingly, there can be no assurance as to the effect of the merger not being completed on the future value of your shares of our common stock. If the merger is not completed, the Twitter Board will continue to evaluate and review, among other things, Twitter’s business, operations, strategic direction and capitalization, and will make whatever changes it deems appropriate. If the merger agreement is not adopted by our stockholders or if the merger is not completed for any other reason, Twitter’s business, prospects or results of operations may be adversely impacted.

In certain specified circumstances in which the merger agreement is terminated, Parent has agreed to pay Twitter a reverse termination fee, the payment of which has been guaranteed by Mr. Musk. Similarly, in certain specified circumstances in which the merger agreement is terminated, Twitter has agreed to pay Parent (or its designee) a termination fee.

Litigation Relating to the Merger

On May 6, 2022, a complaint was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery by a putative Twitter stockholder (which we refer to as the “Delaware Plaintiff”) against Twitter, members of the Twitter Board and Mr. Musk. The complaint alleges that Mr. Musk reached an “agreement, arrangement or understanding,” as those terms are defined in Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (which we refer to as “Section 203”), with certain other Twitter stockholders prior to the Twitter Board’s approval of the merger, pursuant to which the shares of Twitter owned by these other stockholders would be voted in favor of the merger, thereby triggering Section 203’s requirement that at least 66 and 2/3 percent of Twitter’s outstanding stock unaffiliated with Mr. Musk vote in favor of the merger. The complaint sought, among other things, (1) an order declaring that the merger is subject to Section 203’s supermajority voting requirement and (2) a finding that the members of the Twitter Board breached their fiduciary duties by entering into the merger agreement without providing for a supermajority stockholder vote contemplated by Section 203. Twitter disputes the complaint’s allegations, including the allegation that Section 203’s supermajority voting requirement applies to the merger. On June 27, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery granted a stipulation and proposed order filed by the parties to the litigation to voluntarily dismiss this complaint, including the causes of action asserted therein, with prejudice as to the Delaware Plaintiff only.

On May 25, 2022, a class action complaint was filed in the Northern District of California by a putative Twitter stockholder (which we refer to as the “California Plaintiff”) against Mr. Musk and Twitter. The complaint asserted causes of action against Mr. Musk under the California Corporations Code for alleged market manipulation, disclosure of materially misleading public statements, insider trading, and unjust enrichment in connection with Mr. Musk’s acquisition of Twitter shares and certain public

statements he has made regarding the merger agreement. The complaint also sought a declaration that Mr. Musk is not entitled to put the merger agreement on hold pending investigation of false or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform and that Twitter has an obligation to investigate Mr. Musk’s insider trading. On July 1, 2022, the California Plaintiff filed an amended complaint. The amended complaint no longer asserts causes of action under the California Corporations Code or a declaration that Twitter has an obligation to investigate Mr. Musk’s alleged insider trading. The amended complaint now asserts causes of action under Delaware law (1) against Mr. Musk, Parent and Acquisition Sub for aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty allegedly committed by Jack Dorsey and Egon Durban in connection with the merger agreement; and (2) against Mr. Musk for unjust enrichment. The amended complaint also adds certain new allegations regarding events that transpired since the original complaint was filed. The amended complaint still seeks a declaration that Mr. Musk is not entitled to put the merger agreement on hold pending investigation of false or spam accounts. The lawsuit does not seek any damages from Twitter.

On June 7, 2022, a books and records complaint under Section 220 of the DGCL was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery by a putative Twitter stockholder against Twitter. The complaint seeks an order requiring Twitter to produce to the plaintiff certain books and records of Twitter sufficient to investigate whether the Twitter Board or management has engaged in alleged wrongdoing in connection with, among other things, the Merger and Twitter’s public disclosures regarding its calculation of daily active users on the Twitter platform. Twitter disputes the complaint’s allegations.

On June 28, 2022, a stockholder of Twitter filed a lawsuit in the Southern District of New York against Twitter and the members of the Twitter Board, asserting claims for violations of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act alleging that certain disclosures regarding the merger in the revised preliminary proxy statement filed on June 21, 2022 are materially incomplete and misleading. More specifically, the lawsuit alleges that the preliminary proxy statement should provide additional information and metrics related to the projections and financial analyses described in the preliminary proxy statement. Twitter intends to defend itself vigorously in this litigation.

On July 12, 2022, following Mr. Musk’s delivery of a notice alleging that Twitter breached the merger agreement and purporting to terminate the merger agreement, Twitter filed a complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery against Mr. Musk, Parent and Acquisition Sub seeking a grant of specific performance, and such injunctive relief as is necessary to enforce the decree of specific performance, ordering Mr. Musk, Parent and Acquisition Sub to specifically perform their obligations under the merger agreement and consummate the closing in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement. On July 19, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery granted Twitter’s motion to expedite proceedings and scheduled a five day trial to begin in October 2022.

For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Litigation Relating to the Merger.”

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

The following questions and answers address some commonly asked questions regarding the merger, the merger agreement and the special meeting. These questions and answers may not address all questions that are important to you. We encourage you to carefully read the more detailed information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement, including the annexes to this proxy statement and the other documents to which we refer in this proxy statement. You may obtain the information incorporated by reference in this proxy statement without charge by following the instructions in the section of this proxy statement captioned “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Q:	Why am I receiving these materials?

On April 25, 2022, Twitter entered into the merger agreement. Under the merger agreement, Parent will acquire Twitter for $54.20 in cash per share of our common stock. In order to complete the merger, stockholders representing a majority of all issued and outstanding shares of our common stock must vote to approve the adoption of the merger agreement at the special meeting. This approval is a condition to the consummation of the merger. See the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Conditions to the Closing of the Merger.” The Twitter Board is furnishing this proxy statement and form of proxy card to the holders of shares of our common stock in connection with the solicitation of proxies of our stockholders to be voted at the special meeting.

This proxy statement, which you should read carefully, contains important information about the merger, the merger agreement, the special meeting and the matters to be voted on at the special meeting. The enclosed materials allow you to submit a proxy to vote your shares of our common stock without attending the special meeting and to ensure that your shares of our common stock are represented and voted at the special meeting.

Your vote is very important. Even if you plan to attend the special meeting, we encourage you to submit a proxy as soon as possible.

Q:	What is the merger and what effects will it have on Twitter?

The merger is the acquisition of Twitter by Parent. If the proposal to adopt the merger agreement is approved by our stockholders and the other closing conditions under the merger agreement are satisfied or waived, Acquisition Sub will merge with and into Twitter, with Twitter continuing as the surviving corporation. As a result of the merger, Twitter will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent, and our common stock will no longer be publicly traded and will be delisted from the NYSE. In addition, our common stock will be deregistered under the Exchange Act, and we will no longer file periodic reports with the SEC.

Q:	What is the current status of the merger?

On July 8, 2022 representatives of Mr. Musk delivered a notice alleging that Twitter breached the merger agreement and purporting to terminate the merger agreement. Twitter believes that Mr. Musk’s purported termination is invalid and wrongful, and the merger agreement remains in effect. On July 12, 2022, Twitter commenced litigation against Mr. Musk, Parent and Acquisition Sub to cause them to perform their obligations under the merger agreement and consummate the closing in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement. On July 19, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery granted Twitter’s motion to expedite proceedings and scheduled a five day trial to begin in October 2022. Twitter stands behind the accuracy of its public disclosures, including with respect to its estimate regarding the average of false or spam

accounts as a percentage of its monetizable daily active usage or users. For additional information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Background of the Merger.”

Adoption of the merger agreement by our stockholders is the only remaining approval or regulatory condition to completing the merger under the merger agreement, and is an important and required step for our stockholders to receive the merger consideration.

Q:	Does voting to approve the merger agreement ensure that the merger will close?

Closing of the merger is subject to ongoing litigation and the satisfaction of a certain closing conditions under the merger agreement. Adoption of the merger agreement by our stockholders is the only remaining approval or regulatory condition to completing the merger under the merger agreement, and is an important and required step for our stockholders to receive the merger consideration. However, the exact timing of completion of the merger, if at all, cannot be predicted because the merger is subject to ongoing litigation and the satisfaction of the other remaining closing conditions.

Q:	Why should I vote my shares in favor of the merger in light of the ongoing litigation?

A:	Adoption of the merger agreement by our stockholders is the only remaining approval or regulatory condition to completing the merger under the merger agreement, and is an important and required step for our stockholders to receive the merger consideration.

Q:	What will I receive if the merger is completed?

Upon completion of the merger, you will be entitled to receive $54.20 in cash, without interest, for each share of our common stock that you own, unless you have properly exercised, and not validly withdrawn or subsequently lost, your appraisal rights under the DGCL, and certain other conditions under the DGCL are satisfied. For example, if you own 100 shares of our common stock, you will receive $5,420.00 in cash in exchange for your shares of our common stock, without interest and less any applicable withholding taxes.

Q:	How does the per share price compare to the market price of Twitter’s common stock?

A:	This amount constitutes a premium of approximately 38 percent to the closing price of our common stock on April 1, 2022, which was the last full trading day before Mr. Musk disclosed his approximately nine percent stake in Twitter.

Q:	What will happen to Twitter equity-based awards and Twitter options?

A:	Generally speaking, Twitter equity-based awards and Twitter options will be treated as follows:

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achievement of the applicable performance metrics at the level of performance at which such equity-based award vested in accordance with its terms).

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At the effective time of the merger, each unvested Twitter equity-based award (other than an unvested Twitter option) outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will be canceled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash, without interest and less any required withholding taxes, equal to the product of (1) the per share price and (2) the total number of shares of our common stock subject to such unvested Twitter equity-based award (and with respect to any unvested equity-based awards subject to performance vesting conditions, calculated based on the achievement of the applicable performance metrics at the target level of performance), which amount will, subject to the holder’s continued service with Parent and its affiliates (including the surviving corporation and its subsidiaries) through the applicable vesting dates, vest and be payable at the same time as the unvested Twitter equity-based award for which such cash amount was exchanged would have vested pursuant to its terms and will otherwise remain subject to the same terms and conditions as were applicable to the unvested Twitter equity-based award immediately prior to the effective time of the merger (other than performance-based vesting conditions, which will not apply following the effective time of the merger).

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Q:	What will happen to the ESPP?

A:	Generally speaking, the ESPP will be treated as follows:

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The Twitter Board has adopted resolutions that provide that (1) the current offering period under the ESPP will be the final offering period and no further offering period

will commence pursuant to the ESPP after the date of the merger agreement, and (2) except as may be required by law, each individual participating in the final offering period as of the date of the merger agreement will not be permitted to (a) increase his or her payroll contribution rate pursuant to the ESPP from the rate in effect when the final offering period commenced or (b) make separate non-payroll contributions to the ESPP on or following the date of the merger agreement.

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Prior to the effective time of the merger, Twitter will take all actions that may be necessary to give effect to the treatment described above and to (1) cause the final offering period, to the extent that it would otherwise be outstanding at the effective time, to be terminated no later than 10 business days prior to the date on which the effective time of the merger occurs; (2) make any pro rata adjustments that may be necessary to reflect the final offering period, but otherwise treat the final offering period as a fully effective and completed offering period for all purposes pursuant to the ESPP; and (3) cause the exercise (as of no later than 10 business days prior to the date on which the effective time of the merger occurs) of each outstanding purchase right pursuant to the ESPP.

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Q:	What am I being asked to vote on at the special meeting?

A:	You are being asked to vote on the following proposals:

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Proposal 1: to adopt the merger agreement, pursuant to which Acquisition Sub will merge with and into Twitter, with Twitter continuing as the surviving corporation, and Twitter will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent;

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Proposal 2: to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and

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Proposal 3: to approve the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Q:	When and where is the special meeting?

The special meeting will take place on September 13, 2022, at 10:00 a.m., Pacific time. You may attend the special meeting via a live interactive webcast at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022SM. You will be able to listen to the special meeting live and vote online. You will need the control number found on your proxy card or voting instruction form in order to participate in the special meeting (including voting your shares).

Q:	Who is entitled to vote at the special meeting?

A:	All of our stockholders as of the close of business on July 22, 2022, which is the record date for the special meeting, are entitled to vote their shares of our common stock at the special

meeting. As of the close of business on the record date, there were 765,246,152 shares of our common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting. Each share of our common stock outstanding as of the record date is entitled to one vote per share on each matter properly brought before the special meeting.

Q:	What vote is required to approve the proposal to adopt the merger agreement?

A:	The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock outstanding as of the record date is required to adopt the merger agreement.

The failure of any stockholder of record to (1) submit a signed proxy card; (2) grant a proxy over the internet or by telephone; or (3) attend and vote at the special meeting will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement. If you hold your shares in “street name,” the failure to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote your shares will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement. Abstentions will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement.

As of June 30, 2022, Mr. Musk beneficially holds approximately 9.5 percent of our common stock. Pursuant to the merger agreement, Mr. Musk has agreed to retain and not dispose of, and to vote all of his shares of our common stock in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement. As of the record date, our directors and executive officers beneficially owned and were entitled to vote, in the aggregate, 1,684,502 shares of our common stock, representing approximately 0.2 percent of the shares of our common stock outstanding as of the record date. As of the date of this proxy statement, we have not been informed that any of our directors or officers intend to vote their shares other than in favor of adoption of the merger agreement. All such shares of our common stock held beneficially by Mr. Musk, and by our directors and officers (and any shares held by our former directors and officers) as of the record date, that are voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement will be counted for purposes of determining whether the proposal to adopt the merger agreement has been approved. Assuming that all such shares of our common stock beneficially held by Mr. Musk, and by our directors and officers as of the record date are voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, the affirmative vote of stockholders holding an additional 40.2 percent of our common stock is required to adopt the merger agreement. Alternatively, notwithstanding Mr. Musk’s contractual obligation to vote all shares of our common stock beneficially owned by him in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, assuming that all such shares are not voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement but that all shares of our common stock beneficially held by our directors and officers as of the record date are voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, the affirmative vote of stockholders holding an additional 49.8 percent of our common stock would be required to adopt the merger agreement. For additional information regarding beneficial ownership of common stock, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

What vote is required to approve (1) the proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to its named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (2) the proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting?

Approval of the proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal.

Approval of the proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal.

The failure of any stockholder of record to (1) submit a signed proxy card; (2) grant a proxy over the internet or by telephone; or (3) attend and vote at the special meeting will not have any effect on the proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger, or the proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting, except, in all cases, to the extent that such failure affects obtaining a quorum at the meeting. If you hold your shares in “street name,” the failure to instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote your shares will not have any effect on these proposals, except to the extent that such failure affects obtaining a quorum at the meeting. In all cases, abstentions will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” these proposals.

Q:	What do I need to do now?

We encourage you to read this proxy statement, the annexes to this proxy statement and the documents that we refer to in this proxy statement carefully and consider how the merger affects you. Then, even if you expect to attend the special meeting, please sign, date and return, as promptly as possible, the enclosed proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience), or grant your proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone (using the instructions found on the proxy card), so that your shares can be voted at the special meeting. If you hold your shares in “street name,” please refer to the voting instruction form provided by your bank, broker or other nominee for information on how to vote your shares. Please do not send your stock certificates with your proxy card.

Q:	How does the Twitter Board recommend that I vote?

Q:	What happens if the merger is not completed?

If the merger agreement is not adopted by our stockholders or if the merger is not completed for any other reason, our stockholders will not receive any payment for their shares of our common stock. Instead: (1) Twitter will remain an independent public company; (2) our common stock will continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE and registered under the Exchange Act; and (3) we will continue to file periodic reports with the SEC.

In specified circumstances in which the merger agreement is terminated, Twitter has agreed to pay Parent (or its designee) a termination fee. In specified circumstances in which the merger agreement is terminated, Parent has agreed to pay Twitter a reverse termination fee, the payment of which has been guaranteed by Mr. Musk. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Termination Fees and Remedies.”

Q:	What is the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to its named executive officers in connection with the merger?

The compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger is certain compensation that is tied to or based on the merger and payable to certain of Twitter’s named executive officers pursuant to underlying plans and arrangements that are contractual in nature. Compensation that will or may become payable by Parent or its affiliates (including, following the consummation of the merger, the surviving corporation) to our named executive officers in connection with or following the merger is not subject to this advisory vote. For further information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “Proposal 2: Approval, on a Non-Binding, Advisory Basis, of Certain Merger-Related Executive Compensation.”

Q:	Why am I being asked to cast a vote to approve the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to its named executive officers in connection with the merger?

Twitter is required by law to seek approval, on a non-binding, advisory basis, of compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger. Approval of the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger is not required to consummate the merger.

Q:	What will happen if Twitter’s stockholders do not approve the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to its named executive officers in connection with the merger?

Approval of the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger is not a condition to consummation of the merger. This is an advisory vote and will not be binding on Twitter or Parent. The underlying plans and arrangements providing for such compensation are contractual in nature and are not, by their terms, subject to stockholder approval.

Accordingly, if the merger agreement is adopted by our stockholders and the merger is consummated, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger will or may be paid to Twitter’s named executive officers as contractually required even if our stockholders do not approve such compensation.

Q:	What is the difference between holding shares as a stockholder of record and as a beneficial owner?

If your shares are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., you are considered, with respect to those shares, to be the “stockholder of record.” If you are a stockholder of record, this proxy statement and your proxy card have been sent directly to you by or on behalf of Twitter. As a stockholder of record, you may attend the special meeting and vote your shares at the special meeting using the control number on the enclosed proxy card.

If your shares are held through a bank, broker or other nominee, you are considered the “beneficial owner” of shares of our common stock held in “street name.” If you are a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock held in “street name,” this proxy statement has been

forwarded to you by your bank, broker or other nominee who is considered, with respect to those shares, to be the stockholder of record. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote your shares by following their instructions for voting. You are also invited to attend the special meeting. However, because you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares at the special meeting unless you provide a “legal proxy” from your bank, broker or other nominee giving you the right to vote your shares at the special meeting.

Q:	If my broker holds my shares in “street name,” will my broker vote my shares for me?

No. Your bank, broker or other nominee is permitted to vote your shares on any proposal currently scheduled to be considered at the special meeting only if you instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote. You will receive instructions from your bank, broker or other nominee that you must follow in order to submit your voting instructions and have your shares counted at the special meeting. Without instruction, your shares will not be counted for the purpose of obtaining a quorum or voted on the proposals, which will have the same effect as if you voted “AGAINST” adoption of the merger agreement, but will have no effect on the proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger or the proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting, except to the extent affecting the obtaining of a quorum at the meeting.

Q:	How may I vote?

A:	If you are a stockholder of record (that is, if your shares of our common stock are registered in your name with Computershare Trust Company, N.A., our transfer agent), there are four ways to vote:

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by signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience);

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by visiting the internet address on your proxy card;

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by calling the toll-free (within the United States or Canada) phone number on your proxy card; or

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by attending the special meeting and voting at the special meeting using the control number on the enclosed proxy card.

The control number located on your proxy card is designed to verify your identity and allow you to vote your shares of our common stock and to confirm that your voting instructions have been properly recorded when voting electronically over the internet or by telephone. Although there is no charge for voting your shares, if you vote electronically over the internet or by telephone, you may incur costs such as internet access and telephone charges for which you will be responsible.

Even if you plan to attend the special meeting, you are strongly encouraged to vote your shares of our common stock by proxy. If you are a stockholder of record or if you provide a “legal proxy” to vote shares that you beneficially own, you may vote your shares of our common stock at the special meeting even if you have previously voted by proxy. If you attend the special meeting and vote at the special meeting, your vote will revoke any previously submitted proxy.

If your shares are held in “street name” through a bank, broker or other nominee, you may vote through your bank, broker or other nominee by completing and returning the voting instruction form provided by your bank, broker or other nominee, or, if such a service is provided by your bank, broker or other nominee, electronically over the internet or by telephone. To vote over the internet or by telephone through your bank, broker or other nominee, you should follow the instructions on the voting instruction form provided by your bank, broker or nominee. However, because you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares at the special meeting unless you provide a “legal proxy” from your bank, broker or other nominee giving you the right to vote your shares at the special meeting.

Q:	May I attend the special meeting and vote at the special meeting?

Yes. You may attend the special meeting via a live interactive webcast at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022SM. You will be able to listen to the special meeting live and vote online. The special meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m., Pacific time. Online check-in will begin a few minutes prior to the special meeting. You will need the control number found on your proxy card or voting instruction form in order to participate in the special meeting (including voting your shares). As the special meeting is virtual, there will be no physical meeting location.

Even if you plan to attend the special meeting, to ensure that your shares will be represented at the special meeting, we encourage you to promptly sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience) or grant your proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone (using the instructions found on the proxy card). If you attend the special meeting and vote at the special meeting, your vote will revoke any proxy previously submitted.

If, as of the record date, you are a beneficial owner of shares held in “street name,” you may not vote your shares at the special meeting unless you provide a “legal proxy” from your bank, broker or other nominee giving you the right to vote your shares at the special meeting. Otherwise, you should instruct your bank, broker or other nominee how to vote your shares in accordance with the voting instruction form provided by your bank, broker or other nominee. Your bank, broker or other nominee cannot vote on any of the proposals to be considered at the special meeting without your instructions. Without your instructions, your shares will not be counted for purposes of a quorum or voted at the meeting, which will have the same effect as voting against the adoption of the merger agreement.

Q:	Why did Twitter choose to hold a virtual special meeting?

The Twitter Board decided to hold the special meeting virtually in order to facilitate stockholder attendance and participation by enabling stockholders to participate fully, and equally, from virtually any location around the world, at no cost. However, you will bear any costs associated with your internet access, such as usage charges from internet access providers and telephone companies. We believe this is the right choice for a company with a global footprint. A virtual special meeting makes it possible for more stockholders (regardless of size, resources or physical location) to have direct access to information, while saving us and our stockholders time and money. We also believe that the online tools that we have selected will increase stockholder communication. We remain very sensitive to concerns that virtual meetings may diminish stockholder voice or reduce accountability. Accordingly, we have designed our virtual format to enhance, rather than constrain, stockholder access, participation and communication.

Q:	What is a proxy?

A proxy is your legal designation of another person, referred to as a “proxy,” to vote your shares of our common stock. The written document describing the matters to be considered and voted on at the special meeting is called a “proxy statement.” The document used to designate a proxy to vote your shares of our common stock is called a “proxy card.” You may follow the instructions on the proxy card to designate a proxy by telephone or by the internet in the same manner as if you had signed, dated and returned a proxy card. Parag Agrawal, Ned Segal and Sean Edgett, each with full power of substitution and re-substitution, have been designated as proxy holders for the special meeting by the Twitter Board.

Q:	May I change my vote after I have mailed my signed and dated proxy card?

A:	Yes. If you are a stockholder of record, you may change your vote or revoke your proxy at any time before it is voted at the special meeting by:

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signing another proxy card with a later date and returning it to us prior to the special meeting;

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submitting a new proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone after the date of the earlier submitted proxy;

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delivering a written notice of revocation to our Corporate Secretary; or

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attending the special meeting and voting at the special meeting using the control number on the enclosed proxy card.

Q:	If a stockholder gives a proxy, how are the shares voted?

A:	Regardless of the method you choose to grant your proxy, the individuals named on the enclosed proxy card, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, will vote your shares in the way that you direct.

If you sign and date your proxy card but do not mark the boxes showing how your shares should be voted on a matter, the shares represented by your properly signed proxy will be voted as recommended by the Twitter Board with respect to each proposal. This means that they will be voted: (1) “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement; (2) “FOR” the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) “FOR” the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Q:	Should I send in my stock certificates now?

A:	No. After the merger is completed, any holders of physical stock certificates will receive a letter of transmittal containing instructions for how to send your stock certificates to the payment agent in order to receive the appropriate cash payment for the shares of our common stock

represented by your stock certificates. Unless you are seeking appraisal, you should use the letter of transmittal to exchange your stock certificates for the cash payment to which you are entitled. Please do not send your stock certificates with your proxy card. If you hold your shares of our common stock in book-entry form, you will not receive a letter of transmittal. Instead, the payment agent will pay you the appropriate portion of the aggregate merger consideration (subject to any applicable withholding taxes) upon receipt of a customary “agent’s message” and any other items specified by the payment agent.

Q:	What happens if I sell or transfer my shares of common stock after the record date but before the special meeting?

The record date for the special meeting is earlier than the date of the special meeting and the expected effective date of the merger. If you sell or transfer your shares of our common stock after the record date but before the special meeting, unless special arrangements (such as provision of a proxy) are made between you and the person to whom you sell or transfer your shares and each of you notifies Twitter in writing of such special arrangements, you will transfer the right to receive the per share price with respect to such shares, if the merger is completed, to the person to whom you sell or transfer your shares, but you will retain your right to vote those shares at the special meeting. Even if you sell or transfer your shares of our common stock after the record date, we encourage you to sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience) or grant your proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone (using the instructions found on the proxy card).

Q:	What should I do if I receive more than one set of voting materials?

A:	Please sign, date and return (or grant your proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone for) each proxy card and voting instruction form that you receive to ensure that all of your shares are voted.

You may receive more than one set of voting materials, including multiple copies of this proxy statement and multiple proxy cards or voting instruction forms, if your shares are registered differently or are held in more than one account. For example, if you hold your shares in more than one brokerage account, you will receive a separate voting instruction form for each brokerage account in which you hold shares. If you are a stockholder of record and your shares are registered in more than one name, you will receive more than one proxy card. Please vote all voting materials that you receive.

Q:	Where can I find the voting results of the special meeting?

If available, Twitter may announce preliminary voting results at the conclusion of the special meeting. Twitter intends to publish final voting results in a Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed with the SEC following the special meeting. All reports that Twitter files with the SEC are publicly available when filed. See the section of this proxy statement captioned “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Q:	Will I be subject to U.S. federal income tax upon the exchange of common stock for cash pursuant to the merger?

A:	If you are a U.S. Holder, the exchange of our common stock for cash pursuant to the merger will be a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which generally will require a U.S. Holder to recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount

equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash received by such U.S. Holder in the merger and such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares of our common stock surrendered in the merger.

Because particular circumstances may differ, we recommend that you consult your own tax advisor to determine the U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the merger in light of your own particular circumstances and any consequences arising under U.S. federal non-income tax laws or the laws of any territory, state, local or foreign taxing jurisdiction. This discussion is provided for general information only and does not constitute legal advice to any holder. A more complete description of material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger is provided in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger.”

Q:	When do you expect the merger to be completed?

We currently expect to complete the merger in 2022. However, the exact timing of completion of the merger, if at all, cannot be predicted because the merger is subject to ongoing litigation and the closing conditions specified in the merger agreement, the remainder of which, other than adoption of the merger agreement by our stockholders, can only be satisfied as of the closing.

Q:	What governmental and regulatory approvals are required?

Under the terms of the merger agreement, the merger cannot be completed until the waiting period applicable to the merger under the HSR Act has expired or been terminated. The expiration of the waiting period under the HSR Act occurred at 11:59 p.m., Eastern time, on June 2, 2022. Additionally, under the terms of the merger agreement, the merger cannot be completed until all consents, approvals and filings that are mutually agreed by Parent and Twitter, acting reasonably, to be (1) material and (2) required or advisable under the antitrust or foreign investment laws of certain specified jurisdictions have been obtained or made or, as applicable, the waiting periods, if any, have expired or been terminated. As of the date hereof, all required regulatory clearances and approvals have been obtained and stockholder approval of the merger agreement is the only remaining approval or regulatory condition to consummating the closing of the merger under the merger agreement. For more information, please see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Regulatory Approvals Required for the Merger.”

Q:	Am I entitled to appraisal rights under the DGCL?

otherwise lose their rights to appraisal will be entitled to seek appraisal of their shares in connection with the merger under Section 262 of the DGCL. This means that such stockholders will be entitled to have their shares appraised by the Delaware Court of Chancery and to receive payment in cash of the “fair value” of their shares, exclusive of any elements of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger, together with (unless the Delaware Court of Chancery in its discretion determines otherwise for good cause shown) interest on the amount determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery to be fair value from the effective date of the merger through the date of payment of the judgment at a rate of five percent over the Federal Reserve discount rate (including any surcharge) as established from time to time during the period between the effective date of the merger and the date of payment of the judgment, compounded quarterly (except that, if at any time before the entry of judgment in the proceeding, the surviving corporation makes a voluntary cash payment to each stockholder seeking appraisal, interest will accrue thereafter only upon the sum of (1) the difference, if any, between the amount so paid and the fair value of the shares as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery; and (2) interest theretofore accrued, unless paid at that time). The surviving corporation is under no obligation to make such voluntary cash payment prior to such entry of judgment. Stockholders who wish to seek appraisal of their shares are encouraged to seek the advice of legal counsel with respect to the exercise of appraisal rights due to the complexity of the appraisal process. The DGCL requirements for exercising appraisal rights are described in additional detail in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Appraisal Rights,” which description is qualified in its entirety by Section 262 of the DGCL regarding appraisal rights, attached as Annex B to this proxy statement.

Q:	Do any of Twitter’s directors or officers have interests in the merger that may differ from those of Twitter stockholders generally?

Yes. In considering the recommendation of the Twitter Board with respect to the proposal to adopt the merger agreement, you should be aware that our directors and executive officers may have interests in the merger that are different from, or in addition to, the interests of our stockholders generally. In: (1) evaluating and negotiating the merger agreement; (2) approving the merger agreement and the merger; and (3) unanimously recommending that the merger agreement be adopted by our stockholders, the Twitter Board was aware of and considered these interests to the extent that they existed at the time, among other matters. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger.”

Q:	Who can help answer my questions?

A:	If you have any questions concerning the merger, the special meeting or this proxy statement, would like additional copies of the accompanying proxy statement or need help submitting your proxy or voting your shares of our common stock, please contact our proxy solicitor:

Innisfree M&A Incorporated

501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor

New York, New York 10022

Stockholders call: (877) 750-8338 (toll-free from the U.S. and Canada) or

+1 (412) 232-3651 (from other countries)

Banks and brokers call collect: (212) 750-5833

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This proxy statement, the documents to which we refer you in this proxy statement and information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us or on our behalf contain “forward-looking statements” that do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts, including, without limitation, statements relating to the completion of the merger. You can typically identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking words, such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “project,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “forecast,” “intend,” “target,” “possible” and other words of similar import, or the negative versions of such words. Our stockholders are cautioned that any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and may involve significant risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may vary materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks detailed in our filings with the SEC, including in our most recent filings on Forms 10-K and 10-Q, factors and matters described or incorporated by reference in this proxy statement, and the following factors:

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the inability to complete the merger on the terms reflected in the merger agreement, if at all, due to the failure of our stockholders to adopt the merger agreement or the failure to satisfy the other conditions to the completion of the merger, including that a governmental entity may prohibit, delay or refuse to grant a necessary regulatory approval;

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the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could result in the merger agreement not being completed in accordance with its terms and the risk that the merger agreement may be terminated in circumstances that require us to pay a termination fee;

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the nature, cost and outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against us and others related to the merger agreement, including our litigation against Mr. Musk, Parent and Acquisition Sub;

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risks that the pendency of the merger affects our current operations or our ability to retain or recruit employees;

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economic, market, business or geopolitical conditions (including resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation, or the conflict in Ukraine and related sanctions against Russia and Belarus) or competition, or changes in such conditions, negatively affecting Twitter’s business, operations and financial performance;

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the fact that receipt of the all-cash per share price will be taxable to our stockholders that are treated as U.S. Holders and may be taxable to our stockholders that are treated as non-U.S. Holders;

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the fact that, if the merger is completed, our stockholders will forgo the opportunity to realize the potential long-term value of the successful execution of Twitter’s current strategy as an independent company;

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the possibility that Twitter could, following the merger, engage in operational or other changes that could result in meaningful appreciation in its value;

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the possibility that Twitter could, at a later date, engage in unspecified transactions, including restructuring efforts, special dividends or the sale of some or all of Twitter’s assets to one or more as yet unknown purchasers, that could conceivably produce a higher aggregate value than that available to our stockholders in the merger;

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the fact that under the terms of the merger agreement, Twitter is restrained from soliciting other acquisition proposals during the pendency of the merger;

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the effect of the announcement or pendency of the merger on our business relationships, customers, operating results and business generally, including risks related to the diversion of the attention of Twitter management or employees or the loss of employees or customers during the pendency of the merger;

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the amount of the costs, fees, expenses and charges related to the merger agreement or the merger;

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the risk that the merger will not be consummated on the terms reflected in the merger agreement in a timely manner or at all, creating potential uncertainty around the transaction and exceeding the expected costs of the merger;

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the risk that our stock price may fluctuate during the pendency of the merger and may decline significantly if the merger is not completed on the terms reflected in the merger agreement, or at all; and

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risks related to obtaining the requisite stockholder approval to the merger.

Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements that we make in this proxy statement are qualified by the information contained or incorporated by reference in this proxy statement, including: (1) the information contained under this caption; and (2) information in our most recent filings on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q, including the information contained under the caption “Risk Factors,” and information in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. No assurance can be given that these are all of the factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from the forward-looking statements.

Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Our stockholders are advised to consult any future disclosures that we make on related subjects as may be detailed in our other filings made from time to time with the SEC.

THE SPECIAL MEETING

Date, Time and Place

We will hold the special meeting on September 13, 2022, at 10:00 a.m., Pacific time. You may attend the special meeting via a live interactive webcast at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022SM. You will be able to listen to the special meeting live and vote online. You will need the control number found on your proxy card or voting instruction form in order to participate in the special meeting (including voting your shares). We believe that a virtual meeting provides expanded access, improved communication and cost savings for our stockholders and Twitter.

Purpose of the Special Meeting

At the special meeting, we will ask stockholders to vote on proposals to (1) adopt the merger agreement; (2) approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Attending the Special Meeting

The special meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m., Pacific time. Online check-in will begin a few minutes prior to the special meeting. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the start time.

As the special meeting is virtual, there will be no physical meeting location. To attend the special meeting, log in at http://www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWTR2022SM. You will need the control number found on your proxy card or voting instruction form in order to participate in the special meeting (including voting your shares). If you encounter technical difficulties accessing the special meeting or during the special meeting, a support line will be available on the login page of the special meeting website.

Once online access to the special meeting is open, stockholders may submit questions pertinent to meeting matters, if any, through the special meeting website. Such questions will be answered during the meeting, subject to time constraints. You will need the control number found on your proxy card or voting instruction form in order to submit questions.

Record Date; Shares Entitled to Vote; Quorum

Only our stockholders as of the close of business on the record date are entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the special meeting. A list of stockholders of record entitled to vote at the special meeting will be available at our corporate offices located at 1355 Market Street, Suite 900, San Francisco, California 94103, during regular business hours for a period of no less than 10 days before the special meeting and on the virtual meeting website during the special meeting.

As of the record date, there were 765,246,152 shares of our common stock outstanding and entitled to vote at the special meeting. Each share of our common stock outstanding as of the close of business on the record date is entitled to one vote per share on each matter submitted for a vote at the special meeting.

The holders of a majority of the voting power of our stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum.

Vote Required; Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes

Approval of the proposal to adopt the merger agreement requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock as of the record date. Adoption of the merger agreement by our stockholders is a condition to the closing of the merger.

Approval, on a non-binding, advisory basis, of the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present in person or represented by proxy at the special meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal.

If a stockholder abstains from voting, that abstention will have the same effect as if the stockholder voted: (1) “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement; (2) “AGAINST” the proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) “AGAINST” the proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting. Abstentions will be counted as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum exists.

A “broker non-vote” generally occurs when a bank, broker or other nominee holding shares on your behalf does not vote on a proposal because the bank, broker or other nominee has not received your voting instructions and lacks discretionary power to vote your shares. We do not expect any “broker non-votes” at the special meeting, but if there are any, they will be counted for the purpose of determining whether a quorum is present. If there are broker non-votes, each broker non-vote will count as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement, but will have no effect on: (1) the proposal to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; or (2) the proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Shares Held by Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers and by Mr. Musk

As of the record date, our directors and executive officers beneficially owned and were entitled to vote, in the aggregate, 1,684,502 shares of our common stock, representing approximately 0.2 percent of the shares of our common stock outstanding as of the record date. Twitter has not been informed that any of our directors and executive officers intend to vote any of their shares of our common stock other than: (1) “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement; (2) ”FOR” the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) “FOR” the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Mr. Musk, and by our directors and officers (and any shares held by our former directors and officers) as of the record date that are voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement will be counted for purposes of determining whether the proposal to adopt the merger agreement has been approved. Assuming that all such shares of our common stock beneficially held by Mr. Musk, and by our directors and officers as of the record date, are voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, the affirmative vote of stockholders holding an additional 40.2 percent of our common stock is required to adopt the merger agreement. Alternatively, notwithstanding Mr. Musk’s contractual obligation to vote all shares of our common stock beneficially owned by him in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, assuming that all such shares are not voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement but that all shares of our common stock beneficially held by our directors and officers as of the record date are voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, the affirmative vote of stockholders holding an additional 49.8 percent of our common stock would be required to adopt the merger agreement. For additional information regarding beneficial ownership of common stock, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

Voting of Proxies

If your shares are registered in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company, N.A., you may vote your shares by returning a signed and dated proxy card (a proxy card and a prepaid reply envelope are enclosed for your convenience), or you may vote at the special meeting using the control number located on the enclosed proxy card. Additionally, you may grant a proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone by following the instructions on your proxy card. You must have your proxy card available, and follow the instructions on the proxy card, in order to grant a proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone.

If you attend the special meeting and wish to vote at the special meeting, you will need the control number located on the enclosed proxy card. Beneficial owners of shares held in “street name” must also provide a “legal proxy” from their bank or broker in order to vote at the special meeting. You are encouraged to vote by proxy even if you plan to attend the special meeting. If you attend the special meeting and vote at the special meeting, your vote will revoke any previously submitted proxy.

All shares represented by properly signed and dated proxies (or proxies granted electronically over the internet or by telephone) will, if received before the special meeting, be voted at the special meeting in accordance with the instructions of the stockholder. Properly signed and dated proxies (or proxies granted electronically over the internet or by telephone) that do not contain voting instructions will be voted: (1) “FOR” adoption of the merger agreement; (2) “FOR” the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) “FOR” the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

If your shares are held in “street name” through a bank, broker or other nominee, you may vote through your bank, broker or other nominee by completing and returning the voting instruction form provided by your bank, broker or other nominee. You may also attend the special meeting and vote at the special meeting if you provide a “legal proxy” from your bank, broker or other nominee giving you the right to vote your shares at the special meeting. If available from your bank, broker or other nominee, you may vote over the internet or telephone through your bank, broker or other nominee by following the instructions on the voting instruction form provided by your bank, broker or other nominee. If you do not (1) return your bank’s, broker’s or other nominee’s voting instruction form; (2) vote over the internet or by telephone through your bank, broker or other nominee; or (3) attend the special meeting and vote at the special meeting with a “legal proxy” from your bank, broker or other nominee, it will have the same effect as if you voted “AGAINST” the proposal to adopt the merger agreement. It will not, however, have any effect on the proposals (1) to approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; or (2) to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional

proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting, except to the extent affecting the obtaining of a quorum at the meeting.

Revocability of Proxies

If you are a stockholder of record, you may change your vote or revoke your proxy at any time before it is voted at the special meeting by:

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signing another proxy card with a later date and returning it to us prior to the special meeting;

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submitting a new proxy electronically over the internet or by telephone after the date of the earlier submitted proxy;

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delivering a written notice of revocation to our Corporate Secretary; or

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attending the special meeting and voting at the special meeting using the control number on the enclosed proxy card.

If you have submitted a proxy, your attendance at the special meeting, in the absence of voting at the special meeting or submitting an additional proxy or revocation, will not have the effect of revoking your prior proxy.

If you hold your shares of our common stock in “street name” through a bank, broker or other nominee, you should contact your bank, broker or other nominee for instructions regarding how to change your vote. You may also vote at the special meeting if you provide a “legal proxy” from your bank, broker or other nominee giving you the right to vote your shares at the special meeting.

Any adjournment, postponement or other delay of the special meeting, including for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies, will allow our stockholders who have already sent in their proxies to revoke them at any time prior to their use at the special meeting as adjourned, postponed or delayed.

The Twitter Board’s Recommendation

The Twitter Board, after considering various factors described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Recommendation of the Twitter Board and Reasons for the Merger,” has unanimously: (1) determined that the merger agreement is advisable and the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Twitter and its stockholders; and (2) adopted and approved the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.

Adjournment

In addition to the proposals to (1) adopt the merger agreement and (2) approve, on a non-binding, advisory basis, the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger, our stockholders are also being asked to approve a proposal to adjourn the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting. Subject to the limitations on such actions set forth in the merger agreement, the Twitter Board may cancel, postpone or reschedule any previously scheduled special meeting at any

time, before or after the notice for such meeting has been sent to the stockholders. If the special meeting is adjourned or postponed, our stockholders who have already submitted their proxies will be able to revoke them at any time before they are voted at the special meeting.

Solicitation of Proxies

Twitter, on behalf of the Twitter Board, is soliciting proxies from our stockholders for the special meeting. Under applicable SEC rules and regulations, the members of the Twitter Board are “participants” with respect to the solicitation of proxies in connection with the special meeting. In addition, under applicable SEC rules and regulations and by virtue of filings made by Mr. Musk, he may be deemed to be a participant in the solicitation of proxies from our stockholders for the special meeting. Twitter is not responsible for any statements of, or filings made by, Mr. Musk.

The expense of soliciting proxies will be borne by Twitter. We have retained Innisfree M&A Incorporated, a professional proxy solicitation firm, to assist in the solicitation of proxies, and provide related advice and informational support during the solicitation process, for a fee of up to $50,000, plus reasonable out-of-pocket expenses. We will indemnify this firm against losses arising out of its provisions of these services on our behalf. In addition, we may reimburse banks, brokers and other nominees representing beneficial owners of shares of our common stock for their expenses in forwarding soliciting materials to such beneficial owners. Proxies may also be solicited by our directors, officers and employees, personally or by telephone, email, fax or over the internet. No additional compensation will be paid for such services.

Anticipated Date of Completion of the Merger

We currently expect to complete the merger in 2022. However, the exact timing of completion of the merger, if at all, cannot be predicted because the merger is subject to the closing conditions specified in the merger agreement, many of which are outside of our control.

Appraisal Rights

If the merger is consummated and certain conditions set forth in Section 262(g) of the DGCL are satisfied, our stockholders who (1) do not vote in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement (whether by voting against the adoption of the merger agreement, abstaining or otherwise not voting with respect to the adoption of the merger agreement), (2) continuously hold their applicable shares of our common stock through the effective time of the merger, (3) properly demand appraisal of their applicable shares, (4) meet certain statutory requirements described in this proxy statement and (5) do not withdraw their demands or otherwise lose their rights to appraisal will be entitled to seek appraisal of their shares in connection with the merger under Section 262 of the DGCL. This means that such stockholders will be entitled to seek appraisal of their shares by the Delaware Court of Chancery and to receive payment in cash of the “fair value” of their shares of our common stock, exclusive of any elements of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger, together with (unless the Delaware Court of Chancery in its discretion determines otherwise for good cause shown) interest on the amount determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery to be fair value from the effective date of the merger through the date of payment of the judgment at a rate of five percent over the Federal Reserve discount rate (including any surcharge) as established from time to time during the period between the effective date of the merger and the date of payment of the judgment, compounded quarterly (except that, if at any time before the entry of judgment in the proceeding, the surviving corporation makes a voluntary cash payment to each stockholder seeking appraisal, interest will accrue thereafter only upon the sum of (1) the difference, if any, between the amount so paid and the fair value of the shares as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery; and (2) interest theretofore accrued, unless paid at that time). The surviving corporation is under no obligation to make such voluntary cash payment prior to such entry of judgment. Due to the complexity of the appraisal

process, stockholders who wish to seek appraisal of their shares are encouraged to seek the advice of legal counsel with respect to the exercise of appraisal rights.

Only a stockholder of record may submit a demand for appraisal. To exercise appraisal rights, the stockholder of record must (1) submit a written demand for appraisal to Twitter before the vote is taken on the proposal to adopt the merger agreement; (2) not vote, in person or by proxy, in favor of the proposal to adopt the merger agreement (whether by voting against the adoption of the merger agreement, abstaining or otherwise not voting with respect to the adoption of the merger agreement); (3) continue to hold the subject shares of our common stock of record through the effective time of the merger; and (4) strictly comply with all other procedures for exercising appraisal rights under the DGCL. The failure to follow exactly the procedures specified under the DGCL may result in the loss of appraisal rights. In addition, the Delaware Court of Chancery will dismiss appraisal proceedings in respect of Twitter unless certain conditions set forth in Section 262(g) of the DGCL are satisfied by the stockholders seeking appraisal. The requirements under Section 262 of the DGCL for exercising appraisal rights are described in further detail in this proxy statement, which description is qualified in its entirety by Section 262 of the DGCL, the relevant section of the DGCL regarding appraisal rights, a copy of which is attached as Annex B to this proxy statement. If you hold your shares of our common stock through a bank, broker or other nominee and you wish to exercise appraisal rights, you should consult with your bank, broker or other nominee to determine the appropriate procedures for the making of a demand for appraisal on your behalf by your bank, broker or other nominee.

Other Matters

At this time, we know of no other matters to be voted on at the special meeting. If any other matters properly come before the special meeting and you deliver a proxy to us, your shares of our common stock will be voted in accordance with the discretion of the appointed proxy holders, with full power of substitution and re-substitution.

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Stockholder Meeting to be Held on September 13, 2022

This proxy statement is available on our website located at https://investor.twitterinc.com.

Householding of Special Meeting Materials

We have adopted a procedure approved by the SEC called “householding.” Under this procedure, stockholders who have the same address and last name will receive only one copy of this proxy statement unless one or more of these stockholders notifies us that they wish to continue receiving individual copies. This procedure reduces printing costs, postage fees and the use of natural resources. Each stockholder who participates in householding will continue to be able to access or receive a separate proxy card upon request. If, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in householding and would prefer to receive a separate set of our disclosure documents, or if you are receiving multiple copies and wish to receive only one copy, please contact us as follows:

Twitter, Inc.

Attention: Investor Relations

1355 Market Street, Suite 900

San Francisco, California 94103

Tel: (415) 222-9670

Questions and Additional Information

If you have any questions concerning the merger, the special meeting or this proxy statement, would like additional copies of this proxy statement or need help submitting your proxy or voting your shares of our common stock, please contact our proxy solicitor at:

Innisfree M&A Incorporated

501 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor

New York, New York 10022

Stockholders call: (877) 750-8338 (toll-free from the U.S. and Canada) or

+1 (412) 232-3651 (from other countries)

Banks and brokers call collect: (212) 750-5833

THE MERGER

The rights and obligations of the parties to the merger agreement are governed by the specific terms and conditions of the merger agreement and not by any summary or other information provided in this proxy statement. Therefore, this discussion of the merger is qualified in its entirety by reference to the merger agreement, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement and incorporated into this proxy statement by reference. You should read the entire merger agreement carefully as it is the legal document that governs the merger.

Parties Involved in the Merger

Twitter, Inc.

1355 Market Street, Suite 900

San Francisco, California 94103

(415) 222-9670

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “TWTR.”

X Holdings I, Inc.

c/o Elon Musk

2110 Ranch Road 620 S. #341886

Austin, TX 78734

X Holdings II, Inc.

c/o Elon Musk

2110 Ranch Road 620 S. #341886

Austin, TX 78734

Elon Musk

2110 Ranch Road 620 S. #341886

Austin, TX 78734

Effect of the Merger

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, and in accordance with the DGCL, at the effective time of the merger, (1) Acquisition Sub will merge with and into Twitter; (2) the separate existence of Acquisition Sub will cease; and (3) Twitter will continue as the surviving corporation in the merger and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent.

As a result of the merger, Twitter will cease to be a publicly traded company, our common stock will be delisted from the NYSE and deregistered under the Exchange Act and Twitter will no longer file periodic reports with the SEC. If the merger is completed, you will not own any shares of capital stock of the surviving corporation.

The effective time of the merger will occur upon the filing of a certificate of merger with, and acceptance of that certificate by, the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (or at a later time as we, Parent and Acquisition Sub may agree and specify in such certificate of merger).

Effect on Twitter if the Merger is Not Completed

If the merger agreement is not adopted by our stockholders, or if the merger is not completed for any other reason, our stockholders will not receive any payment for their shares of our common stock in connection with the merger. Instead, (1) Twitter will remain an independent public company; (2) our common stock will continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE and registered under the Exchange Act; and (3) we will continue to file periodic reports with the SEC. In addition, if the merger is not completed, we expect that: (1) our management will continue to operate the business as it is currently being operated; and (2) our stockholders will continue to be subject to the same risks and opportunities to which they are currently subject, including risks related to the highly competitive industry in which Twitter operates and adverse economic conditions.

Furthermore, if the merger is not completed, and depending on the circumstances that cause the merger not to be completed, the price of our common stock may decline significantly.

Per Share Price

Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the merger agreement, at the effective time of the merger:

•

each share of our common stock that is (1) held by Twitter or any of its subsidiaries or (2) held, directly or indirectly, by Mr. Musk, Parent or Acquisition Sub immediately prior to the effective time of the merger will no longer be outstanding and will automatically be canceled and will cease to exist, and no consideration will be delivered or deliverable in exchange therefor;

•

each share of our common stock that is issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger (other than the shares identified in the prior bullet) and held by our stockholders who have (1) neither voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement nor consented thereto in writing; and (2) properly and validly exercised their statutory rights of appraisal in respect of such shares in accordance with the DGCL (and have not validly withdrawn or subsequently lost such appraisal rights) will be entitled to the “fair value” of such shares, determined pursuant to an appraisal proceeding contemplated by the DGCL as described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Appraisal Rights”; and

•

each share of our common stock that is issued and outstanding as of immediately prior to the effective time of the merger (other than the shares identified in the prior bullets) will automatically be canceled and retired and all such shares will cease to exist and will thereafter only represent the right to receive the per share price.

At or prior to the closing of the merger, a sufficient amount of cash will be deposited with a designated paying agent to pay the aggregate merger consideration. Once a stockholder has provided the paying agent with his, her or its stock certificates (or an affidavit of loss in lieu of a stock certificate) or customary agent’s message with respect to book-entry shares, appropriate letter of transmittal and other items specified by the paying agent, then the paying agent will pay the stockholder the appropriate portion of the aggregate merger consideration (subject to any applicable withholding taxes). For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Paying Agent, Exchange Fund and Exchange and Payment Procedures.”

After the merger is completed, each of our stockholders will have the right to receive the per share price for each share of our common stock that such stockholder owned, as described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Conversion of Shares,” but will no longer have any rights as a Twitter stockholder (except that our stockholders who properly and validly exercise and perfect, and do not validly withdraw or subsequently lose, their appraisal rights will have the right to receive payment for the “fair value” of their shares, determined pursuant to an appraisal proceeding contemplated by the DGCL as described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger—Appraisal Rights”).

Background of the Merger

The following chronology summarizes the key meetings and events that led to the signing of the merger agreement. This chronology does not purport to catalog every conversation of or among the Twitter Board, the Transactions Committee (as defined below), our representatives, or other parties.

The Twitter Board regularly evaluates Twitter’s strategic direction and ongoing business plans with a view toward strengthening Twitter’s business, furthering Twitter’s mission to serve the public conversation, and enhancing stockholder value. As part of this evaluation, the Twitter Board has, from time to time, considered a variety of strategic alternatives. These have included, among others, (1) the

continuation of, and potential improvements to, Twitter’s current business plan, with Twitter remaining an independent entity; (2) the investment in, and development of, new products, services and functionalities; (3) capital raising activities; (4) potential expansion opportunities through acquisitions, partnerships or other commercial relationships; and (5) business combinations, acquisitions and other financial and strategic alternatives, including the sale of Twitter.

Elon Musk is an active user of the Twitter platform. In March 2022, Mr. Musk Tweeted comments regarding Twitter’s business, the Twitter platform and functionality, and Twitter’s content moderation policies.

On March 26, 2022, Mr. Musk contacted Jack Dorsey, Twitter’s founder, former chief executive officer and one of Twitter’s then-current directors, to discuss the future direction of social media, including the benefits of open social protocols. Mr. Dorsey had previously communicated his views on these topics to the Twitter Board and publicly.

Also on March 26, 2022, Mr. Musk contacted Egon Durban, one of Twitter’s directors, to set up a discussion between Mr. Musk and Mr. Durban. Mr. Musk and Mr. Durban subsequently spoke on March 26, 2022 and March 27, 2022 and discussed the potential of Mr. Musk joining the Twitter Board, as well as the fact that Mr. Musk had purchased a significant stake of more than five percent of our common stock. Mr. Durban informed Bret Taylor, the chairperson of the Twitter Board, Martha Lane Fox, one of Twitter’s directors and the chairperson of Twitter’s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (which we refer to as the “NomGov Committee”), and Parag Agrawal, Twitter’s chief executive officer, of Mr. Musk’s communication. Messrs. Durban, Taylor and Agrawal and Ms. Lane Fox discussed Mr. Musk’s communications and determined (1) that Mr. Durban would connect Mr. Musk with Messrs. Taylor and Agrawal and Ms. Lane Fox, and they would also discuss with Mr. Musk his potential interest in joining the Twitter Board; (2) to call meetings of the NomGov Committee and of the Twitter Board to discuss Mr. Musk’s communications and potential interest in joining the Twitter Board; and (3) that Ms. Lane Fox would inform each member of the Twitter Board in advance of the Twitter Board meeting of Mr. Musk’s communications. Ms. Lane Fox subsequently informed the members of the Twitter Board of Mr. Musk’s initial communications.

On March 27, 2022, Messrs. Musk, Taylor and Agrawal discussed Mr. Musk’s interest in Twitter and potentially joining the Twitter Board. As part of that discussion, Mr. Musk stated that he was considering various options with respect to his ownership, including potentially joining the Twitter Board, seeking to take Twitter private or starting a competitor to Twitter.

On March 30, 2022, Ms. Lane Fox and Mr. Musk discussed Mr. Musk’s potential interest in joining the Twitter Board and the benefits that Mr. Musk believed he could potentially bring to Twitter as a Twitter director.

On March 31, 2022, Messrs. Agrawal and Taylor met with Mr. Musk to discuss Twitter’s business and Mr. Musk’s potential interest in joining the Twitter Board. At the meeting, Mr. Musk reiterated his interest in potentially joining the Twitter Board to help improve Twitter’s business as a director of Twitter, and that he was also considering the possibility of taking Twitter private or starting a competitor to Twitter.

On April 2, 2022, the NomGov Committee met, with Mr. Taylor, members of Twitter management and a representative of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation, Twitter’s outside legal counsel reporting to the Twitter Board (which we refer to as “Wilson Sonsini”), in attendance. Messrs. Durban, Taylor and Agrawal and Ms. Lane Fox each updated the NomGov Committee on their discussions with Mr. Musk. After considering, among other things, Mr. Musk’s interest in Twitter’s business, his statement that he is one of Twitter’s substantial stockholders, his active use of the Twitter

platform, his technical expertise in areas critical to Twitter’s products and technology, and the perspectives that he could bring to the Twitter Board, the NomGov Committee determined to recommend that the Twitter Board consider inviting Mr. Musk to join the Twitter Board, subject to completion of customary onboarding procedures, such as a background check and completing and signing a director onboarding questionnaire.

Also on April 2, 2022, at the direction of Mr. Taylor and the NomGov Committee, Twitter requested that J.P. Morgan attend the scheduled meeting of the Twitter Board to assist Twitter in reviewing Mr. Musk’s purported purchase of a significant stake in our common stock, Mr. Musk’s potential appointment to the Twitter Board and related matters.

On April 3, 2022, the Twitter Board met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Wilson Sonsini and J.P. Morgan in attendance. Messrs. Durban, Agrawal, Taylor and Ms. Lane Fox each updated the Twitter Board on their discussions with Mr. Musk. The NomGov Committee reported on its discussions at its meeting the previous day and provided its recommendation that the Twitter Board consider inviting Mr. Musk to join the Twitter Board. In evaluating the NomGov Committee’s recommendation, the Twitter Board considered, among other things, Mr. Musk’s qualifications, business expertise, knowledge of Twitter’s business and user base and technical expertise in areas critical to Twitter’s products and technology, as well as (1) the perspectives that he could bring to the Twitter Board and benefits he could bring to Twitter’s business, strategy and brand as a Twitter director; (2) his statements that he is one of Twitter’s substantial stockholders; and (3) his active use of the Twitter platform. The Twitter Board also considered possible disruption to Twitter’s business and the potential for adverse impacts on stockholder value if Mr. Musk determined to pursue the other alternatives that he expressed an interest in considering. The representatives of Wilson Sonsini reviewed with the members of the Twitter Board their fiduciary duties. Mr. Dorsey informed the Twitter Board that he and Mr. Musk were friends, and Mr. Durban informed the Twitter Board that he had worked on unrelated matters with Mr. Musk in the past. At this and other meetings of the Twitter Board relating to Mr. Musk joining the Twitter Board, Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal and the merger, the Twitter Board regularly met in executive session of independent directors. The Twitter Board determined to invite Mr. Musk to join the Twitter Board, subject to his completion of a background check and other customary onboarding procedures. In connection with Mr. Musk joining the Twitter Board, it was the desire of the Twitter Board that Mr. Musk enter into a cooperation agreement that included “standstill” provisions that, among other things, would limit his public statements regarding Twitter, including the making of unsolicited public proposals to acquire Twitter (but not private proposals) without the prior consent of the Twitter Board. Following the meeting, at the direction of the Twitter Board, Ms. Lane Fox called Mr. Musk to invite him to join the Twitter Board, subject to completion of customary onboarding procedures. Ms. Lane Fox also noted the desire of the Twitter Board that Mr. Musk enter into a cooperation agreement. Following that discussion, representatives of Twitter sent a copy of Twitter’s customary director onboarding questionnaire to representatives of Mr. Musk.

On April 4, 2022, Mr. Musk publicly disclosed his ownership of approximately 9.2 percent of our common stock.

Also on April 4, 2022, representatives of Twitter provided Mr. Musk with a draft of a cooperation agreement that provided for Mr. Musk’s appointment to the Twitter Board and included customary “standstill” provisions. Subsequently, Mr. Musk informed Mr. Taylor that Mr. Musk would not agree to limit his public statements regarding Twitter, but would be open to an agreement limiting his ownership of Twitter to approximately 15 percent (with any increase to be subject to future Twitter Board approval).

Later on April 4, 2022, the Twitter Board met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of Wilson Sonsini in attendance. The Twitter Board reviewed Mr. Musk’s disclosures

regarding his ownership of our common stock made earlier that day. Mr. Taylor provided an update on Mr. Musk’s response to the request that he enter into a cooperation agreement. The Twitter Board again considered the possible disruption to Twitter’s business and the possible impact on stockholder value if Mr. Musk determined to seek to acquire Twitter on an unsolicited basis, as well as the additional stockholder value that could be derived from (1) requiring Mr. Musk to negotiate the terms of a potential acquisition with the Twitter Board; and (2) ensuring that the Twitter Board had sufficient time to evaluate strategic alternatives in response to a takeover proposal from Mr. Musk. The Twitter Board also discussed terms of an agreement that would be asked of Mr. Musk if he were appointed to the Twitter Board in light of Mr. Musk’s refusal to sign the cooperation agreement previously proposed. The Twitter Board directed Twitter management and Wilson Sonsini to request that Mr. Musk, in connection with joining the Twitter Board as a director, simply enter into an agreement that would restrict Mr. Musk from purchasing more than 14.9 percent of our common stock. The Twitter Board delegated authority to each of Mr. Taylor and Ms. Lane Fox to approve the execution of such agreement by Twitter. The Twitter Board also approved increasing the size of the Twitter Board by one seat and appointing Mr. Musk to the Twitter Board to serve as a Class II director, effective upon the latest of (1) a determination by Mr. Taylor and/or Mr. Lane Fox that Mr. Musk had executed such agreement on terms consistent with those discussed by the Twitter Board and in a form acceptable to Mr. Taylor and/or Ms. Lane Fox; (2) confirmation by Mr. Musk in a manner acceptable to Mr. Taylor and/or Ms. Lane Fox that Mr. Musk was prepared to join the Twitter Board; and (3) the completion to the satisfaction of Mr. Taylor and/or Ms. Lane Fox of customary director onboarding procedures (including a customary background check of Mr. Musk and a director onboarding questionnaire by Mr. Musk).

Still later on April 4, 2022, representatives of Twitter sent Mr. Musk a draft of a letter agreement providing that (1) Twitter would appoint Mr. Musk to the Twitter Board to serve as a Class II director with a term expiring at Twitter’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, subject to and contingent upon the provision by Mr. Musk of any information that Twitter reasonably required to complete customary director onboarding procedures (including a customary background check and director onboarding questionnaire); and (2) for so long as Mr. Musk were to serve on the Twitter Board and for 90 days thereafter, Mr. Musk would not, either alone or as a member of a group, become the beneficial owner of more than 14.9 percent of our common stock outstanding at such time. Mr. Musk and Twitter (with Mr. Taylor’s and Ms. Lane Fox’s approval) subsequently executed the letter agreement in the form sent to Mr. Musk.

On April 5, 2022, Twitter and Mr. Musk publicly announced the entry into the letter agreement. Over the next three days, Messrs. Agrawal and Musk continued to discuss Twitter’s business and products in anticipation of Mr. Musk joining the Twitter Board.

Also on April 5, 2022, Mr. Musk contacted Mr. Dorsey to ask Mr. Dorsey his perspectives on Twitter in connection with the announcement of Mr. Musk joining the Twitter Board. As part of this discussion, Mr. Dorsey shared his personal view that Twitter would be better able to focus on execution as a private company, or as a public company with Mr. Musk as a director and (as he now was) a substantial stockholder. Mr. Musk further inquired if Mr. Dorsey would stay on the Twitter Board, and Mr. Dorsey declined.

On April 8, 2022, Ms. Lane Fox informed the Twitter Board of the satisfactory completion of Mr. Musk’s background check. Mr. Taylor informed the Twitter Board of his expectation that Mr. Musk’s appointment to the Twitter Board would be effective on April 9, 2022.

On April 9, 2022, before Mr. Musk’s appointment to the Twitter Board became effective, Mr. Musk notified Messrs. Taylor and Agrawal that he would not be joining the Twitter Board and would be making an offer to take Twitter private. Mr. Agrawal informed the members of the Twitter Board of Mr. Musk’s communication.

On April 10, 2022, Twitter announced that Mr. Musk had decided not to join the Twitter Board.

Also on April 10, 2022, at Mr. Taylor’s direction, Twitter requested that Goldman Sachs attend meetings of the Twitter Board to assist in Twitter’s evaluation of a potential acquisition proposal from Mr. Musk and related matters.

On April 12, 2022, the Twitter Board met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, outside legal counsel to the Twitter Board (which we refer to as “Simpson Thacher”), in attendance. Messrs. Taylor and Agrawal provided an update on their communications with Mr. Musk. The representatives of Goldman Sachs (1) provided preliminary market and trading perspectives on Twitter; (2) discussed with the Twitter Board the possibility that Mr. Musk would seek to acquire Twitter on a negotiated or unsolicited basis; and (3) discussed with the Twitter Board potential strategic alternatives available to Twitter, including continuing to execute Twitter’s business plan as an independent entity or commencing a process to solicit interest from counterparties with respect to a transaction involving Twitter. The Twitter Board and representatives of Goldman Sachs reviewed various potential strategic and financial counterparties to a strategic transaction involving Twitter, including those with whom it had previous discussions, the likelihood that each party would be interested in and have the capability to consummate an acquisition of Twitter, including, among other things, based on the regulatory, financing and other execution risks applicable to each party discussed with representatives of Goldman Sachs and Twitter’s legal advisors. The Twitter Board also discussed the possible impact on stockholder value if Mr. Musk sought to acquire Twitter on an unsolicited basis, and the additional stockholder value that could be derived from requiring Mr. Musk to negotiate the terms of an acquisition of Twitter with the Twitter Board. The Twitter Board also considered the possibility of adopting a shareholder rights plan in response to an unsolicited acquisition proposal from Mr. Musk or Mr. Musk continuing to purchase shares of our common stock in the open market, including (1) the terms of a potential shareholder rights plan and (2) whether a shareholder rights plan would be a reasonable and proportionate response to these actions by Mr. Musk. The representatives of Twitter’s legal advisors reviewed with the members of the Twitter Board their fiduciary duties. The Twitter Board also directed members of Twitter management to present Twitter management’s then current business plan for Twitter at a subsequent meeting so that the Twitter Board would be better prepared to evaluate a potential takeover proposal from Mr. Musk and other strategic alternatives, including relative to continuing to execute Twitter’s business plan as an independent entity.

On April 13, 2022, Mr. Musk delivered to Mr. Taylor a non-binding proposal to acquire Twitter, the full text of which is reproduced below. Mr. Musk also called Mr. Taylor to re-iterate that Mr. Musk’s proposal represented his best and final offer to acquire Twitter and referred Mr. Taylor to Mr. Musk’s public disclosure of the proposal scheduled for the next day for additional details with respect to the proposal.

Bret Taylor

Chairman of the Board,

I invested in Twitter as I believe in its potential to be the platform for free speech around the globe, and I believe free speech is a societal imperative for a functioning democracy.

However, since making my investment I now realize the company will neither thrive nor serve this societal imperative in its current form. Twitter needs to be transformed as a private company.

As a result, I am offering to buy 100% of Twitter for $54.20 per share in cash, a 54% premium over the day before I began investing in Twitter and a 38% premium over the day before my investment was publicly announced. My offer is my best and final offer and if it is not accepted, I would need to reconsider my position as a shareholder.

Twitter has extraordinary potential. I will unlock it.

/s/ Elon Musk

Elon Musk

On April 14, 2022, Mr. Musk publicly disclosed his acquisition proposal. As part of the disclosure, Mr. Musk also disclosed that his acquisition proposal would be conditioned upon, among other things, (1) the receipt of any required governmental approvals; (2) confirmatory legal, business, regulatory, accounting and tax due diligence; (3) the negotiation and execution of definitive agreements providing for the proposed acquisition; and (4) completion of anticipated financing. Over the next eight days, Mr. Musk from time to time Tweeted comments that could be interpreted to refer to Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal, which comments led the Twitter Board to believe Mr. Musk might commence an unsolicited tender offer for our common stock imminently. Also during this period and around the time of the announcement of the merger, Mr. Dorsey from time to time Tweeted about his personal views on Twitter’s history and operations as either a public or private company.

Also on April 14, 2022, and from time to time over the next eight days, representatives of financial sponsors and institutional investors communicated to members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan their preliminary and non-specific interest in participating in a potential acquisition of Twitter, including as a financing source for an acquisition of Twitter by Mr. Musk. None of these parties (or any other party) made a proposal to acquire Twitter.

Also on April 14, 2022, the Twitter Board met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. Mr. Taylor provided an update on Mr. Musk’s communication the previous day. The Twitter Board reviewed the terms and conditions of Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal with the representatives of Goldman Sachs and Twitter’s legal advisors. The representatives of Goldman Sachs provided an update on the outreach from financial sponsors and institutional investors regarding their non-specific interest in participating in a potential acquisition. As part of this discussion, the representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan noted that none of these parties (or any other party) made a proposal to acquire Twitter. The Twitter Board determined not to engage with these parties because (1) they had not made an acquisition proposal; and (2) Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal had been publicly disclosed (and the subject of significant press coverage) and any interested party was free to contact Mr. Musk about participating in a potential acquisition. The Twitter Board again discussed the possibility of adopting a shareholder rights plan in response to Mr. Musk’s proposal, including (1) to reduce the likelihood that an unsolicited potential acquiror could take actions not in the best interests of all Twitter stockholders, including by seeking to obtain control of Twitter without paying all Twitter stockholders an appropriate control premium; and (2) to provide the Twitter Board with sufficient time to evaluate Mr. Musk’s proposal and other strategic alternatives available to Twitter. As part of this discussion, the Twitter Board discussed with Twitter’s legal advisors and the representatives of Goldman Sachs the terms of a potential shareholder rights plan that would be reasonable and proportionate in response to these risks. The representatives of Goldman Sachs reviewed considerations relating to shareholder rights plans, including with respect to the exercise price of rights under a potential shareholder rights plan. The representatives of Twitter’s legal advisors reviewed with the members of the Twitter Board their fiduciary duties. The Twitter Board considered strategic alternatives to an acquisition of Twitter by Mr. Musk and whether to contact other parties to solicit their interest in a potential acquisition of Twitter. The Twitter Board determined not to make such contacts based on (1) the fact that Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal had been publicly disclosed; and (2) the Twitter Board’s assessment that other parties were unlikely to have the interest in, or capability to, acquire Twitter, including, among other things, based on the regulatory, financing and other execution risks applicable to each party discussed with representatives of Goldman Sachs and Twitter’s legal advisors. To assist in the Twitter Board in its evaluation and negotiation of Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal and consideration of other strategic

alternatives and to provide additional feedback and guidance to members of Twitter management, the Twitter Board established a Transactions Committee of the Twitter Board (which we refer to as the “Transactions Committee”). The Transactions Committee was formed in light of (1) the possibility that Twitter management may need feedback and direction on relatively short notice; and (2) the benefits and convenience of having a subset of directors oversee and direct these matters. The Twitter Board authorized and instructed the Transactions Committee, among other things, to (1) oversee and provide assistance to Twitter management and Twitter’s advisors with respect to the exploration, evaluation, consideration, review and negotiation of the terms and conditions of any strategic alternative, including any sale of Twitter; and (2) explore, evaluate, consider, review and negotiate the terms and conditions of any strategic alternative, including any sale of Twitter, and to take such other actions with respect to any strategic alternative as the Transactions Committee deemed necessary, appropriate or advisable. The Twitter Board retained the power and authority to approve the final decision on pursuing a strategic alternative, including a sale of Twitter. It was also understood that the Twitter Board would continue to have an active role in the consideration of strategic alternatives. The Twitter Board appointed Mr. Taylor, Ms. Lane Fox and Patrick Pichette as the members of the Transactions Committee, each of whom is an independent director. The Twitter Board determined not to provide any additional compensation to the members of the Transactions Committee for their service on the Transactions Committee. After the representatives of Goldman Sachs left the meeting, the Twitter Board also approved retaining Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan to act as financial advisors to Twitter and the Twitter Board in connection with a potential takeover proposal from Mr. Musk and strategic alternatives thereto. The Twitter Board selected Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan in view of their respective qualifications, extensive expertise, international reputation, familiarity with Twitter and its business and industry, given their past experience working with Twitter and others in Twitter’s industry, and experience in similar situations. The Twitter Board also considered the advantages of engaging two financial advisors, including the additional and independent perspectives that each financial advisor could provide. Following the meeting, at the direction of the Twitter Board, Mr. Taylor communicated to Mr. Musk that the Twitter Board had received his acquisition proposal and would evaluate the course of action in the best interests of Twitter’s stockholders and be back in touch with Mr. Musk when the Twitter Board’s work was done.

Also on April 14, 2022, members of Twitter management informed Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan that the Twitter Board had approved retaining Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan to act as financial advisors to Twitter and the Twitter Board in connection with a potential takeover proposal from Mr. Musk and strategic alternatives thereto.

On April 15, 2022, the Twitter Board adopted a shareholder rights plan (which we refer to as the “rights plan”) scheduled to expire on April 14, 2023, providing for a distribution of rights to stockholders that will become exercisable if an entity, person or group acquires beneficial ownership of 15 percent or more of our outstanding common stock in a transaction not approved by the Twitter Board. In that instance, each right will entitle its holder (other than the person, entity or group triggering the shareholder rights plan, whose rights will become void and will not be exercisable) to purchase, at the then-current exercise price, additional shares of common stock having a then-current market value of twice the exercise price of $210.00 per right.

Later on April 15, 2022, Twitter publicly announced the adoption of the rights plan.

Also on April 15, 2022, the Transactions Committee met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. The Transactions Committee discussed Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal and other strategic alternatives available to Twitter. The Transactions Committee noted that Mr. Musk had not provided any information on financing arrangements to fund the proposed acquisition, and that additional clarity on financing and other execution risks related to the proposed acquisition would be required to better evaluate

Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal. The Transactions Committee also discussed next steps with respect to the Twitter Board’s evaluation of Twitter’s business plan and Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal.

On April 16, 2022, the Transactions Committee met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. The Transactions Committee determined that it would be helpful to the Twitter Board’s evaluation of Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal and other strategic alternatives available to Twitter to understand the perspectives of Twitter’s significant institutional stockholders on such matters. As such, the Twitter Board coordinated an outreach process to gather those perspectives. The Transactions Committee also discussed next steps with respect to the Twitter Board’s evaluation of Twitter’s business plan and Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal.

On April 17, 2022, the Transactions Committee met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. The Transactions Committee continued its coordination of an outreach process to Twitter’s largest institutional stockholders. The Transactions Committee also discussed Twitter’s response to Mr. Musk while the Twitter Board continued its evaluation of Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal. Over the subsequent four days, Messrs. Taylor and Pichette held meetings with a number of Twitter’s largest institutional stockholders to discuss the perspectives of these stockholders on Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal and Twitter more generally. As part of these meetings, these Twitter stockholders generally (1) expressed that Twitter has much opportunity, but indicated a perceived failure of historical execution; (2) expressed understanding there has been recent management change and openness to a stand-alone plan to give them confidence in the long term; and (3) encouraged the Twitter Board to seriously consider Mr. Musk’s proposal and weigh the risks of future execution. The Transactions Committee instructed Mr. Taylor to reiterate to Mr. Musk that the Twitter Board was taking Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal seriously. Mr. Taylor did that following the meeting of the Transactions Committee.

On April 19, 2022, the Transactions Committee met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. Messrs. Taylor and Pichette provided an update on their ongoing discussions with Twitter’s institutional stockholders. The representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan also provided an update on the outreach from financial sponsors and institutional investors regarding their non-specific interest in participating in a potential acquisition of Twitter. As part of this discussion, the representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan noted that none of these parties (or any other party) made a proposal to acquire Twitter. Members of Twitter management presented their then current business plan for Twitter, including their then current estimated projections of Twitter’s financial prospects and underlying assumptions and market share case sensitivities. The Transactions Committee directed Twitter management to present their then current business plan to the Twitter Board for review.

On April 20, 2022, the Twitter Board met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. Members of Twitter management reviewed their then current business plan for Twitter, including their then current estimated projections of Twitter’s financial prospects and underlying assumptions and market share case sensitivities. The Twitter Board provided feedback with respect to these matters. The Twitter Board determined to take additional time to review the then current business plan, but instructed Twitter management to share the then current business plan with Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan so that both firms could begin their preliminary financial analysis of Twitter and Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal. The Twitter Board also discussed next steps for responding to Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal, including the need for additional clarity from Mr. Musk on equity financing and any debt financing and other closing certainty matters with respect to the proposed acquisition, and determined to request that Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan present their respective preliminary financial analyses of Twitter and Mr. Musk’s

acquisition proposal, that the Twitter Board wanted to consider prior to concluding how to respond to Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal, at an upcoming meeting of the Twitter Board to be held on April 24, 2022.

On April 21, 2022, the Transactions Committee met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. The Transactions Committee continued its review and discussion of Twitter’s business plan. The Transactions Committee also discussed the timing of a formal response to Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal.

Later on April 21, 2022, Mr. Musk publicly disclosed that he and Parent had obtained commitment letters for approximately $46.5 billion in financing to fund the proposed acquisition, including (1) a debt commitment letter providing for an aggregate of $13 billion in various secured and unsecured debt financing commitments; (2) a debt commitment letter providing for an aggregate of $12.5 billion in margin loan commitments (which commitments subsequently expired, as described below); and (3) an equity commitment letter providing for a $21 billion equity financing by Mr. Musk to Parent (which commitment was subsequently increased to $33.5 billion, as described below). The equity financing commitment did not include third party beneficiary rights permitting Twitter to enforce Mr. Musk’s equity financing commitment in connection with a potential transaction. Mr. Musk also disclosed that his acquisition proposal was no longer subject to the completion of financing and business due diligence. The debt commitment letters referenced drafts of agreements and documents providing for a tender offer for our common stock that had been shared with the lenders party to the debt commitment letters, but that had not been shared with Twitter.

Still later on April 21, 2022, Twitter management sent to the members of the Twitter Board and to Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan an updated version of Twitter’s business plan and estimated projections of Twitter’s financial prospects, noting the changes to the business plan reviewed at the meeting of the Twitter Board the previous day, including to reflect the Twitter Board’s feedback on these matters.

On April 22, 2022, the Transactions Committee met, with other Twitter directors, members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. Messrs. Taylor and Pichette provided an update on their ongoing discussions with Twitter’s institutional stockholders. The representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan also reviewed Goldman Sachs’ and J.P. Morgan’s respective preliminary financial analyses of Twitter’s then current business plan. The representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan also reviewed the outreach from financial sponsors and institutional investors regarding their non-specific interest in participating in a potential acquisition of Twitter. As part of this discussion, the representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan noted that none of these parties (or any other party) made a proposal to acquire Twitter. The representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan reviewed the financing commitments for, and the other details with respect to, Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal that were disclosed the previous day. The Transactions Committee noted that Mr. Musk’s disclosure provided additional clarity with respect to financing and other closing certainty risks, but that additional information regarding these matters would be helpful in the Twitter Board’s evaluation of Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal. The Transactions Committee instructed Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan to contact representatives of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Mr. Musk’s outside financial advisor (which we refer to as “Morgan Stanley”), to obtain additional information with respect to the debt and equity financing aspects of Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal. Mr. Taylor confirmed with each of the other members of the Twitter Board that they concurred with this approach. Representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan subsequently contacted Mr. Musk’s representatives as instructed by the Transactions Committee.

Later on April 22, 2022, representatives of each of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan met with representatives of Morgan Stanley to obtain additional information with respect to the debt and equity financing commitments and the financing aspects of Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal.

On April 23, 2022, the Transactions Committee met, with other Twitter directors, members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. The representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan provided an update on their review of the debt and equity financing commitments to Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal, as well as their discussions with representatives of Morgan Stanley. The Transactions Committee also discussed Twitter’s business plan, Twitter’s upcoming earnings announcements, circumstances and developments in Twitter’s industry and in the economy generally affecting the business of and trading prices of technology companies and Twitter, as well as potential next steps with respect to responding to Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal (including the possibility of attempting to negotiate an increase in the per share price to be paid by Mr. Musk).

Later on April 23, 2022, Mr. Musk contacted Mr. Taylor requesting to speak with Mr. Taylor or other representatives of Twitter.

Still later on April 23, 2022, following Mr. Musk’s outreach, the Transactions Committee met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. The Transactions Committee directed Mr. Taylor and a representative of Goldman Sachs to respond to Mr. Musk’s request, and to invite Mr. Musk to provide additional information regarding his acquisition proposal for the benefit of the Twitter Board. This conversation among Messrs. Musk and Taylor and a representative of Goldman Sachs subsequently occurred on April 23, 2022. During the conversation, Mr. Musk reiterated that his acquisition proposal represented his best and final offer, and communicated to Mr. Taylor that he would be willing to take his proposal to our stockholders. Based on the statements by Mr. Musk regarding his acquisition proposal representing his best and final offer, Mr. Taylor believed that any effort to negotiate the per share price to be paid by Mr. Musk was unlikely to be successful and risked prompting Mr. Musk to commence an unsolicited tender offer for our common stock.

Also on April 23, 2022, J.P. Morgan provided Twitter with customary relationship disclosures regarding J.P. Morgan’s relationships with Twitter and Mr. Musk’s affiliates. In addition, J.P. Morgan provided to the Twitter Board certain estimates and analyses concerning the potential impact of the proposed transaction on the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions that Twitter entered into with an affiliate of J.P. Morgan, with respect to Twitter’s convertible senior notes, which are more fully described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC—Miscellaneous.” Such estimates and analyses were based on theoretical models and various assumptions concerning the terms of the proposed transaction and market conditions and other information available to J.P. Morgan at the time.

On April 24, 2022, the Twitter Board met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. Members of Twitter management reviewed Twitter’s then current business plan, including their estimated projections of Twitter’s long-term financial prospects and underlying assumptions and market share case sensitivities. The representatives of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan presented their respective preliminary financial analyses of Twitter and Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal based on Twitter’s then current business plan. The Twitter Board considered various risks associated with executing the business plan, including with respect to achieving the various market share sensitivity cases relative to Twitter’s historical market share, and authorized Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan to use, for purposes of performing their respective financial analyses in connection with rendering their respective fairness opinions to the Twitter Board (as more fully described in the sections of this proxy statement captioned

“—Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC” and “—Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC”), the estimated projections of Twitter’s long-term financial performance assuming an increase in Twitter’s market share to 3.3 percent by fiscal year 2027 (relative to Twitter’s trailing 7-year historical average market share of approximately 2.1 percent) as reflected in the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information. (The term Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is defined in, and further information about the substance of the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is contained in, the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information.”). Mr. Taylor reviewed his April 23, 2022 conversation with Mr. Musk and shared his perspective during that conversation that any effort to negotiate the per share price to be paid by Mr. Musk was unlikely to be successful and risked prompting Mr. Musk to commence an unsolicited tender offer for our common stock. The Twitter Board concurred with Mr. Taylor’s perspective and noted that, if Mr. Musk commenced an unsolicited tender offer for our common stock, then Mr. Musk, absent a negotiated agreement with Twitter, would not be contractually committed to offer $54.20 in cash per share of our common stock or to consummate a tender offer. As such, the Twitter Board believed that if a transaction with Mr. Musk were to proceed, it would be beneficial for Twitter and its stockholders to enter into a negotiated agreement with Mr. Musk to, among other things, (1) provide increased certainty that Mr. Musk would ultimately consummate an acquisition of Twitter for the per share price; (2) ensure that the process of an acquisition was conducted in an orderly and customary manner; and (3) clarify the rights and obligations of each of Twitter and Mr. Musk in connection with an acquisition. The Twitter Board also discussed the recent general decline in trading prices of social media companies and the potential impact of the decline on the likelihood that Mr. Musk would be prepared to improve his proposal. Based on these discussions, it was the conclusion of the Twitter Board that (1) Mr. Musk would not be willing to increase the value of his acquisition proposal, and any attempts to negotiate an increase in his acquisition proposal would impose an unacceptable level of risk on Twitter and its stockholders; (2) Mr. Musk’s proposal merited further evaluation, given the preliminary financial analyses presented by Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan; and (3) Twitter should engage with Mr. Musk in an effort to improve the certainty of a potential acquisition for the benefit of our stockholders. The Twitter Board requested that the Transactions Committee and Twitter’s advisors engage with Mr. Musk on that basis promptly following the conclusion of that meeting, including to determine whether an agreement could be finalized with Mr. Musk with respect to an acquisition of Twitter as promptly as practicable. The Twitter Board again considered strategic alternatives to an acquisition of Twitter by Mr. Musk and whether to contact other parties to solicit their interest in a potential acquisition of Twitter. As part of this discussion, the Twitter Board reviewed discussions with Twitter’s institutional stockholders and the non-specific outreach by various financial sponsors and institutional investors regarding the possibility of participating in support of a potential acquisition by Mr. Musk, and noted that none of these parties (or any other party) made a proposal to acquire Twitter. The Twitter Board determined not to contact other parties at this time based on (1) the fact that Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal had been publicly disclosed (and the subject of significant press coverage); (2) the Twitter Board’s assessment that other parties were unlikely to have the interest in, or capability to, acquire Twitter, including, among other things, based on the regulatory, financing and other execution risks applicable to each party discussed with representatives of Twitter’s financial and legal advisors; (3) the likelihood that other potential acquirors would require substantial due diligence, creating a delay and risk to reaching the signing of such a potential transaction; and (4) the possibility that outreach to additional counterparties could jeopardize reaching an agreement with Mr. Musk at the per share price and could cause significant disruption to Twitter.

Later on April 24, 2022, promptly following the meeting of the Twitter Board, the Transactions Committee met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance, to coordinate next steps for engaging with Mr. Musk in accordance with the Twitter Board’s request. During the meeting, but before the Transactions Committee had informed Mr. Musk of the Twitter Board’s determination,

representatives of Morgan Stanley delivered a letter to Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan, the full text of which is reproduced below.

April 24, 2022

Bret Taylor

Chairman of the Board,

Thank you for the conversation yesterday.

We remain committed to our transaction with Twitter at $54.20 and appreciate your contact on the matter. As we discussed, $54.20 has been and will remain my best and final offer, period. This is binary – my offer will either be accepted or I will exit my position. At the time my $54.20 offer was made, it represented a 54% premium to Twitter’s share price prior to the day before my investment in Twitter began, and a 38% premium to the day before my investment in Twitter was announced. Since that time, the attractiveness of my proposal has only increased given the market’s continued correction. Had your stock traded inline with comparable social media companies, my offer would represent approximately 90% and 70% premiums to those times.

While I strongly believe that you should recommend my offer to shareholders based upon its superior value to the value of Twitter without my offer and my equity position, I recognize that you may elect not to do so. As such, I have attached a merger agreement that is “seller friendly” and that does not require you to recommend in favor of my offer. This will provide all shareholders a voice, and allow for a democratic decision consistent with Twitter’s ethos. With your cooperation, we can negotiate changes that you require to be able to announce a transaction before the market opens tomorrow that the shareholders can then vote on. I would respect the outcome of that vote if the shareholders prefer the management plan to my $54.20, and exit my position entirely if that is the outcome of the vote.

In order to provide further value and choice to shareholders (within the legal boundaries of a private, unlisted company), we are willing to explore options that allow existing shareholders (including convertible securities and other related instruments) to invest all or a portion of their proceeds into the proposed transaction. Any such rollover transaction would be structured as a separate negotiated transaction consistent with laws and regulations and not be a public offer, and would not affect the proposed $54.20 cash offer transaction.

My strong preference continues to be a negotiated transaction with you at $54.20 per share. I look forward to the board’s response to my proposal.

Elon Musk

Also during the meeting, and shortly after receipt of the letter, representatives of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Mr. Musk’s outside legal counsel (which we refer to as “Skadden”), delivered to representatives of Twitter an initial draft of the merger agreement. The Transactions Committee directed Twitter’s legal advisors to engage with representatives of Skadden to discuss the initial draft of the merger agreement. This discussion subsequently occurred.

Still later on April 24, 2022, following the discussion between Twitter’s legal advisors and representatives of Skadden, the Transactions Committee reconvened, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. The representatives of Twitter’s legal advisors reviewed the nature and key terms of the initial draft of the merger agreement and discussed with the Transactions

Committee potential open issues to be negotiated with Mr. Musk and Parent, including to improve the certainty of the completion of the merger for the benefit of our stockholders. Based on these discussions, the Transactions Committee directed Twitter’s legal advisors to proceed with the negotiation of the merger agreement and related transaction documents.

Also on April 24, 2022, Goldman Sachs provided the Twitter Board with customary relationship disclosures regarding Goldman Sachs’ relationships with Twitter and Mr. Musk and his affiliates. In addition, Goldman Sachs provided to Twitter management for the information of the Twitter Board materials that summarized, based on theoretical models, the potential effects of the announcement and of the consummation of an acquisition of Twitter on the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions that Twitter entered into with Goldman Sachs and other counterparties, each acting as principal for its own account, with respect to Twitter’s 0% convertible senior notes due 2026 in March 2021, as more fully described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC—General.”

Throughout the remainder of April 24, 2022, and into April 25, 2022, Twitter, Parent and Mr. Musk and their respective legal advisors negotiated the terms of the merger agreement and related transaction documents. Key terms negotiated between the parties included (1) Twitter’s specific enforcement rights to require Parent and Mr. Musk to perform their obligations under the merger agreement and consummate the closing on the terms set forth in the merger agreement, as well as third-party beneficiary rights under the equity commitment letter to enforce Mr. Musk’s obligations to fund the equity commitment; (2) the circumstances in which a termination fee would be payable by Parent and Mr. Musk and the amount of the termination fee; (3) the availability of potential monetary damages under the merger agreement; (4) the terms and conditions applicable to Parent’s and Mr. Musk’s obligations to obtain regulatory approvals, and the closing conditions related to regulatory approvals; (5) the terms and conditions applicable to Parent’s and Mr. Musk’s obligations to complete debt financing arrangements for the acquisition, and Twitter’s obligations to assist Parent and Mr. Musk in such efforts; (6) the terms of the “no-shop” restrictions and the circumstances in which the Twitter Board could change its recommendation to its stockholders or negotiate or accept an alternative acquisition transaction; (7) the circumstances in which the merger agreement could be terminated by the parties and the applicable outside date; (8) the interim operating covenants applicable to Twitter prior to the closing of the merger and related exceptions; (9) limitations on the parties’ ability to make public statements regarding the merger; (10) the assignability of Mr. Musk’s equity financing commitments to Parent and of Mr. Musk’s limited guarantee of certain obligations under the merger agreement; and (11) the parties’ other representations, warranties and covenants.

On April 25, 2022, the Twitter Board met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. Members of Twitter management and the representatives of Twitter’s legal advisors provided an update on the negotiation of the merger agreement and related transaction documents. The representatives of each of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan reviewed with the Twitter Board Goldman Sachs’ and J.P. Morgan’s respective financial analyses of the $54.20 in cash per share of our common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Mr. Musk, Parent and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement. The Twitter Board noted the customary relationship disclosures previously provided by each of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan regarding their relationship with Mr. Musk and his affiliates and with Twitter; the Twitter Board did not identify any concerns with these disclosures. All of the members of the Twitter Board, and the members of Twitter management present at the meeting, were asked and confirmed that they had no discussions or arrangements with Mr. Musk or his affiliates with respect to participating with Mr. Musk in the acquisition. The representatives of Goldman Sachs discussed the procedures and process in connection with delivery of its opinion, assuming successful completion of the negotiations and finalization of the terms of the merger agreement and related transaction documents. The representatives of J.P. Morgan discussed the procedures and process in

connection with delivery of its opinion, assuming successful completion of the negotiations and finalization of the terms of the merger agreement and related transaction documents. The representatives of Twitter’s legal advisors reviewed with the members of the Twitter Board their fiduciary duties. The representatives of Twitter’s legal advisors also reviewed the key terms of the merger agreement, debt commitment letter, the margin loan commitment letter, equity commitment letter and limited guarantee. Following this discussion, the Twitter Board directed Twitter’s legal advisors to finalize the merger agreement and related transaction documents. Following the meeting, Twitter and Mr. Musk and their respective legal advisors finalized the terms of the merger agreement, the debt commitment letter, the margin loan commitment letter, the equity commitment letter and the limited guarantee.

Later on April 25, 2022, the Twitter Board met, with members of Twitter management and representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher in attendance. The representatives of Twitter’s legal advisors provided an update on the negotiation of the merger agreement and related transaction documents, including updates to the final terms of the merger agreement since the earlier meeting of the Twitter Board. The representatives of each of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan again reviewed with the Twitter Board Goldman Sachs’ and J.P. Morgan’s respective financial analyses of the $54.20 in cash per share of our common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Mr. Musk, Parent and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement. The representatives of Goldman Sachs then rendered the oral opinion of Goldman Sachs, subsequently confirmed by delivery of its written opinion, dated April 25, 2022, to the Twitter Board that, as of the date of the written opinion and based upon and subject to the limitations, qualifications and assumptions set forth therein, the $54.20 in cash per share of our common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Mr. Musk, Parent and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to such holders. The representatives of J.P. Morgan then also rendered the oral opinion of J.P. Morgan (subsequently confirmed by delivery of its written opinion dated April 25, 2022) to the Twitter Board that, as of the date of such opinion and based upon and subject to the factors and assumptions set forth therein, the merger consideration to be paid to holders of our common stock in the proposed transaction was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders. Following discussion, and taking into consideration various factors, including those described in the section titled “—Recommendation of the Twitter Board and Reasons for the Merger,” the Twitter Board unanimously (1) determined that the merger agreement is advisable and the merger and the other transactions contemplated by merger agreement are advisable and in the best interests of Twitter and the Twitter stockholders; (2) authorized the execution and delivery of the merger agreement and approved the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, and (3) resolved to recommend that the Twitter stockholders adopt the merger agreement and approve the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger. In making this determination, the Twitter Board was aware of questions regarding aspects of Mr. Musk’s compliance with applicable SEC rules and regulations in connection with his Schedule 13D filing on April 4, 2022, and related litigation brought by certain of our stockholders against Mr. Musk. The Twitter Board considered, among other factors, (1) whether any non-compliance by Mr. Musk with applicable SEC rules and regulations could impact the value and certainty of any acquisition of Twitter by Mr. Musk; and (2) Twitter’s obligations, if any, in connection with any such non-compliance. The Twitter Board concluded that any non-compliance or potential non-compliance by Mr. Musk with federal securities laws was not likely to impact Mr. Musk’s ability to perform his obligations under the merger agreement. The Twitter Board was also aware of the possibility that Mr. Musk might allow certain of our stockholders to retain an equity investment in Twitter following completion of the merger in lieu of receiving all or a portion of the consideration that such stockholders would otherwise be entitled to receive in the merger. In this regard, the Twitter Board considered that Mr. Dorsey had—both at prior meetings and at this meeting—confirmed to the Twitter Board that he had no such agreement with Mr. Musk. As any such arrangements with our stockholders would be between Mr. Musk and the applicable stockholder and would not increase or

decrease the per share price paid to our stockholders in the merger, the Twitter Board did not believe that the potential for any such arrangements was materially relevant to the financial benefit of the transaction to our stockholders.

Still later on April 25, 2022, following the meeting of the Twitter Board, the applicable parties executed the merger agreement and the limited guarantee and Parent delivered to Twitter fully executed revised versions of the debt commitment letter, margin loan commitment letter and equity commitment letter. Promptly following execution of the merger agreement, Twitter and Mr. Musk publicly announced the merger agreement and the merger.

Over the subsequent months following the announcement of the merger agreement and the merger, Twitter and its representatives, and Mr. Musk and his representatives, met regularly to discuss the transaction and the remaining actions necessary to close the transaction. In connection with these discussions, in accordance with the merger agreement, Twitter has been providing Mr. Musk and his representatives with information concerning Twitter, including in response to the letters delivered on behalf of Mr. Musk reproduced below and other requests by Mr. Musk and his representatives.

On May 4, 2022, in connection with Mr. Musk’s and Parent’s financing activities for the merger, Mr. Musk and Parent amended the equity commitment letter to increase the amount of Mr. Musk’s equity financing commitment thereunder by $6.25 billion to an aggregate amount of $27.25 billion, and reduced the amount of the margin loan financing commitments under the margin loan commitment letter by $6.25 billion to an aggregate amount of $6.25 billion.

On May 5, 2022, Twitter and Mr. Musk entered into a confidentiality agreement with respect to Twitter sharing non-public information with Parent, Mr. Musk and their representatives, including pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement. Prior to entry into the merger agreement, Mr. Musk did not ask to enter into a confidentiality agreement or seek from Twitter any non-public info regarding Twitter. Twitter did not enter into a confidentiality agreement with any other third party regarding strategic alternatives to Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal.

Also on May 5, 2022, Mr. Musk publicly disclosed that he (on behalf of Parent) was having, and would continue to have, discussions with certain existing holders of our common stock (including Mr. Dorsey) regarding the possibility of contributing shares of our common stock of such holders to Parent, at or immediately prior to the closing of the merger, in order to retain an equity investment in Twitter following completion of the merger in lieu of receiving merger consideration in the merger. Mr. Dorsey informed Twitter that his communications with Mr. Musk regarding these matters first occurred following execution of the merger agreement and that these communications may continue, and may result in Mr. Dorsey continuing to hold equity of the surviving corporation or one or more of its affiliates following the merger. There are no assurances that an agreement will result, or of the amount, if any, of Mr. Dorsey’s (or any other stockholder’s) holdings that will be contributed to Parent, or of the amount, if any, of equity of the surviving corporation or one or more of its affiliates that Mr. Dorsey (or any other stockholder other than Mr. Musk) will hold following the merger. Based solely on public filings made by Mr. Musk, the Twitter Board is aware that other stockholders may have committed to retain an equity investment in Twitter following completion of the merger in lieu of receiving all or a portion of the consideration that such stockholders would otherwise be entitled to receive in the merger. Twitter is not a party to any of these commitments.

On May 24, 2022, Mr. Musk allowed the remainder of the margin loan commitments to expire. Concurrently, Mr. Musk and Parent amended the equity commitment letter to increase the amount of Mr. Musk’s equity financing commitment thereunder by $6.25 billion to an aggregate amount of $33.5 billion.

On May 25, 2022, representatives of Skadden delivered a letter to representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher, the full text of which is reproduced below.

Dear Marty and Alan:

As you know, after agreeing to acquire Twitter in reliance on Twitter’s SEC filings (as reflected in Section 4.6(a) of the merger agreement) and Twitter’s repeated statements that fake or spam accounts represent less than 5% of Twitter’s reported mDAUs, Mr. Musk was surprised to learn of the lax methodologies that Twitter employs to assess the actual prevalence of fake or spam accounts on its platform.

Given the importance of mDAUs to Twitter’s revenue model, Mr. Musk’s financing plans for the pending transaction and the transition of Twitter’s business to Mr. Musk’s ownership, Mr. Musk requested that Twitter apply more rigorous computer-aided and third-party testing to determine the prevalence of fake or spam accounts on its platform with greater certainty. Twitter has refused.

In a further effort to address Mr. Musk’s concerns, on May 9, 2022, Mr. Musk and his advisors began to send Twitter detailed requests contained in a diligence request list prepared by Mr. Musk and his advisors. Items 1.03 to 1.13 of the diligence request list contain high-priority requests for enterprise data and other information intended to enable Mr. Musk and his advisors to make an independent assessment of the prevalence of fake or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform, including requests for access to Twitter’s: (i) enterprise firehose, which comprises 100% of tweets and favoriting activity, (ii) Decahose, (iii) favoriting or “like” firehose, (iv) compliance firehose, (v) historical PowerTrack archive, and (vi) search requests with counts. To date, Twitter has failed to respond to any of these data and information requests.

Please provide the data and information requested as soon as possible, and in any event by the close of business on May 27, 2022, or state with specificity which requested data and information you are unwilling or unable to provide and the reasons therefor. Mr. Musk reserves all rights.

Sincerely,

/s/ Mike Ringler

Mike Ringler

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

On May 27, 2022, representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

Dear Mike:

We write on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or the “Company”) in response to your letter of May 25, 2022.

As an initial matter, Twitter vigorously disagrees with the assertion that it has “lax methodologies” for counting false or spam accounts. The Company’s 10-K for 2021 discloses Twitter’s process for calculating mDAU (monetizable daily active users), including in particular the estimated average of false or spam accounts included in mDAU. Twitter fully stands by its SEC filings.

Twitter has been actively engaged with Mr. Musk and his team since initially meeting in person on May 6 and in multiple telephonic/video sessions. Twitter has addressed the vast multitude of Mr. Musk’s information requests and has been encouraged by the parties’ ability to work together to help Mr. Musk and his team understand the Company’s business and finances so as to facilitate the consummation of the transaction and Mr. Musk’s financing.

As for Twitter’s process for calculating mDAU, which has been developed and improved over years, Twitter’s representatives have made themselves available to answer questions, including by conducting several live sessions to address this topic and providing significant written detail around the methodology and process disclosed in Twitter’s 10-K. Twitter believes the multiple communications with Mr. Musk’s team about these issues have been engaging and productive. Twitter remains available to continue the discussions on these matters.

However, as discussed on May 25 with Mr. Musk’s advisors, certain information requests, including items (i) through (vi) in your letter, seek disclosure and use of information that risks damage to the Company and significant competitive harm. As was also discussed, the request to provide access to enormous data sets of user information going back many years is unreasonable. In any event, as discussed, evaluating spam in mDAU requires the use of private user data.

Twitter intends to continue to work with Mr. Musk and his advisors to help them gain a deeper understanding of the Company’s methodology for calculating mDAU and to provide information in response to all appropriate requests pursuant to the merger agreement. Twitter reserves all contractual, legal and other rights. We look forward to working cooperatively toward the closing of the merger at our earliest opportunity.

Sincerely,

/s/ Martin W. Korman

Martin W. Korman, Esq.

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.

/s/ Alan M. Klein

Alan M. Klein, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

On May 31, 2022, representatives of Skadden delivered a letter to Twitter, the full text of which is reproduced below.

Dear Ms. Gadde:

We are in receipt of correspondence from your counsel dated May 27, 2022, responding to Mr. Musk’s request for the data and information outlined in my letter to your counsel dated May 25, 2022. To date, Twitter has refused to provide the requested data and information despite daily requests for it since May 9, 2022. Mr. Musk appreciates the company’s latest efforts to further explain its own testing methodologies for spam and fake accounts, but those explanations did not change Mr. Musk’s view that those methodologies are inadequate. While Mr. Musk appreciates the company’s continued willingness to further discuss its testing methodologies, reiterating or even expanding on Twitter’s explanations is no substitute for Mr. Musk’s requested data and is merely an attempt to distract from his data requests.

Mr. Musk is entitled to the requested information under Sections 6.3, 6.4 and 6.11 of the merger agreement and the company has no basis to refuse to provide it. He is perfectly willing to implement protocols to ensure that sharing it with him will not cause damage or competitive harm to the company. Mr. Musk is also willing to accept protocols that ensure his review of the requested information will not violate any privacy laws or company commitments to its users. Given his enormous economic interest in the company, Mr. Musk has every incentive to protect the company from harm.

While Mr. Musk is working toward completing the transaction in compliance with his obligations under the merger agreement, he is increasingly frustrated by Twitter’s refusal to cooperate with the him on this issue. Quite frankly, he does not understand the company’s refusal to provide the requested data and information. Both parties should want to ensure the integrity of Twitter’s platform for the benefit of its users and advertisers. As we approach critical junctures in the transaction, continued disagreement on this important subject will become untenable. Mr. Musk again requests that the company provide the requested data and information by the close of business on Wednesday, June 1, 2022. If we do not receive the requested data and information by then, Mr. Musk will assume the company is refusing to do so despite its clear obligations under the merger agreement. Mr. Musk reserves all rights.

Sincerely,

/s/ Mike Ringler

Mike Ringler

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

On June 1, 2022, representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

This letter is on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “the Company”) and in response to the letter of May 31, 2022 (the “May 31 Letter”).

Twitter has not “refused” to provide data requested by Mr. Musk and Parent. To the contrary, Twitter and representatives of Mr. Musk have been actively engaging and exchanging information related to false or spam accounts and other matters since Mr. Musk first requested information, including by providing information responsive to the requests mentioned in the letter of May 25, 2022 (the “May 25 Letter”). Twitter is committed to closing the transaction and consistent with that is cooperatively sharing information with Mr. Musk. Where there appears to be some miscommunication is that some of the requests mentioned in the May 25 Letter (e.g., the various forms of the firehose data noted in items (i) through (vi) in the May 25 Letter, first requested on May 20, 2022, and certain requests for data which may not exist in the form requested and/or go back many years) go well beyond the bounds of what the parties agreed to under the merger agreement. The provisions of the merger agreement governing the sharing of information serve a very specific purpose: facilitating the closing of the transaction while simultaneously protecting Twitter from damage, including competitive harm should the transaction not close.

Twitter takes the integrity of its platform very seriously and stands by the statements in its SEC reports regarding its estimates of mDAU and its methodology and conclusions surrounding false or spam accounts, as Twitter has attempted to explain over these last several weeks. While the May 31 Letter notes “Mr. Musk’s view that [Twitter’s] methodologies are inadequate,” Mr. Musk has not identified any bases for questioning the adequacy of such methodologies or the accuracy of Twitter’s SEC disclosures. This, despite a standing offer from Twitter to directly engage with Mr. Musk on processes for estimating false or spam

accounts in mDAU. Instead, Mr. Musk has persisted to seek an enormous amount of user information—e.g., the firehose data—that can be used for many purposes unrelated to consummating the transaction, and has yet to explain, among other things: (i) why each of these data sets is necessary to understand Twitter’s process; (ii) how the data set would be used, by whom, and for what specific purposes; and (iii) how the intended usage of such data facilitates the consummation of the transaction.

With that said, Twitter appreciates the statements in the May 31 Letter that Mr. Musk is willing to discuss protocols to ensure that Twitter is protected from damage or competitive harm and to avoid violating any privacy laws or Twitter’s commitments to its users. And Twitter remains willing to consider the outstanding and other requests for information (to the extent the information exists or is reasonably available) subject to better understanding the purposes and uses of such information consistent with the terms of the merger agreement.

Accordingly, Twitter asks that Parent please provide detailed and concrete explanations regarding the following:

1. How the requested information will be used:

a. For each requested data set, the specific analyses proposed to be performed.

b. The specific business purpose for each analysis on each data set.

c. How such business purpose specifically relates to the consummation of the merger.

2. What protocols will be put in place to protect the requested information:

a. How the requested volume of information will be accessed and shared.

b. The specific individuals that will be given access to the information or the results of any analyses of the information, including their affiliation and the role they will be playing.

c. The steps proposed to be taken to prevent disclosure to or use of the information by persons other than permitted individuals or for a purpose other than as permitted by the merger agreement.

d. The measures proposed to be implemented to prevent the requested information from being used to compete against Twitter in the event that the merger were not to be consummated.

e. The steps to be taken to protect any privacy rights of third parties in the requested data and prevent violations of laws protecting private information.

f. The steps to be taken to avoid modifying, disrupting, or disabling any features or functionality of the requested data in the process of running any analyses on such data.

g. The measures proposed to ensure that the requested data is not used for any illegal, unauthorized, or otherwise improper purposes.

Twitter intends to continue to work cooperatively with Mr. Musk and Parent to close the transaction. Twitter reserves all contractual, legal, and other rights.

Sincerely,

/s/ Martin W. Korman

Martin W. Korman, Esq.

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.

/s/ Alan M. Klein

Alan M. Klein, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

On June 6, 2022, representatives of Skadden delivered a letter to Twitter, the full text of which is reproduced below. Later that day, Mr. Musk filed an amendment to his Schedule 13D containing a copy of this letter.

Dear Ms. Gadde:

We are in receipt of correspondence sent on Twitter’s behalf dated June 1, 2022, responding to Mr. Musk’s request for the data and information described in my letters dated May 25, 2022 and May 31, 2022.

Mr. Musk does not agree with the characterizations in Twitter’s June 1 letter. Twitter has, in fact, refused to provide the information that Mr. Musk has repeatedly requested since May 9, 2022 to facilitate his evaluation of spam and fake accounts on the company’s platform. Twitter’s latest offer to simply provide additional details regarding the company’s own testing methodologies, whether through written materials or verbal explanations, is tantamount to refusing Mr. Musk’s data requests. Twitter’s effort to characterize it otherwise is merely an attempt to obfuscate and confuse the issue. Mr. Musk has made it clear that he does not believe the company’s lax testing methodologies are adequate so he must conduct his own analysis. The data he has requested is necessary to do so.

As noted, under various terms of the merger agreement, Twitter is required to provide data and information that Mr. Musk requests in connection with the consummation of the transaction. Twitter’s obligations to provide Mr. Musk with information is not, as the company’s June 1 letter suggests, limited to a “very specific purpose: facilitating the closing of the transaction.” To the contrary, Mr. Musk is entitled to seek, and Twitter is obligated to provide, information and data for, inter alia, “any reasonable business purpose related to the consummation of the transaction” (Section 6.4). Twitter must also provide reasonable cooperation in connection with Mr. Musk’s efforts to secure the debt financing necessary to consummate the transaction, including by providing information “reasonably requested” by Mr. Musk (Section 6.11). Mr. Musk’s requests for user data not only satisfies both criteria, but also meets even Twitter’s narrowed interpretation of the merger agreement, as this information is necessary to facilitate the closing of the transaction.

As Twitter’s prospective owner, Mr. Musk is clearly entitled to the requested data to enable him to prepare for transitioning Twitter’s business to his ownership and to facilitate his transaction financing. To do both, he must have a complete and accurate understanding of the very core of Twitter’s business model—its active user base. In any event, Mr. Musk is not required to explain his rationale for requesting the data, nor submit to the new conditions the company has attempted to impose on his contractual right to the requested data. At this point, Mr. Musk believes Twitter is transparently refusing to comply with its obligations under the merger agreement, which is causing further suspicion that the company is withholding the requested data due to concern for what Mr. Musk’s own analysis of that data will uncover.

If Twitter is confident in its publicized spam estimates, Mr. Musk does not understand the company’s reluctance to allow Mr. Musk to independently evaluate those estimates. As noted in our previous correspondence, Mr. Musk will of course comply with the restrictions provided under Section 6.4, including by ensuring that anyone reviewing the data is bound by a non-disclosure agreement, and Mr. Musk will not retain or otherwise use any competitively sensitive information if the transaction is not consummated.

Based on Twitter’s behavior to date, and the company’s latest correspondence in particular, Mr. Musk believes the company is actively resisting and thwarting his information rights (and

the company’s corresponding obligations) under the merger agreement. This is a clear material breach of Twitter’s obligations under the merger agreement and Mr. Musk reserves all rights resulting therefrom, including his right not to consummate the transaction and his right to terminate the merger agreement.

Sincerely,

/s/ Mike Ringler

Mike Ringler

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

On June 16, 2022, representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

This letter is sent on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “the Company”) and in response to your letter of June 6, 2022 (“June 6 Letter”).

Twitter denies that it is in breach of the merger agreement, and there are assertions in your June 6 Letter that are simply inaccurate. The Company has already provided significant information in response to Parent’s prior data requests and has complied, and continues to comply, with its obligations under the merger agreement. And, as Twitter explained in its June 1, 2022 letter (“June 1 Letter”), the Company is willing to provide, and indeed is currently providing, access to other data requested in your prior correspondence. This is true even though many of the data requests (including requests for vast sets of competitively sensitive data referenced in your May 25, 2022 letter) exceed the scope of what the parties agreed to under the merger agreement.

Twitter’s June 1 Letter asked for an explanation of how the requested data would be used and by whom, the business purpose of such use, and what steps would be taken to protect the data. These requests did not seek to impose any new conditions on Parent’s information access rights under the merger agreement but instead sought details regarding the use of the data and the specific “protocols” that your May 31, 2022 letter offered to implement to ensure Twitter is protected from damage or competitive harm and to avoid violating any privacy laws or Twitter’s commitments to its users.

Your June 6 Letter does not meaningfully respond to any of the Company’s questions. Regarding the planned usage and business purpose of the data, your June 6 Letter states only that Mr. Musk wants to access the data to “conduct his own analysis” of false and spam accounts because he “does not believe the [C]ompany’s lax testing methodologies are adequate.” Twitter disagrees that such purpose is reasonably related to the consummation of the merger or the debt financing. And even if it were, the massive amount of data requested is not reasonable under the merger agreement and, as we have previously explained, cannot, on its own, be used to accurately estimate the Company’s mDAU or the prevalence of false and spam accounts on the platform. Twitter also continues to reject the notion that the Company has “lax testing methodologies”—an assertion for which Mr. Musk and his advisors have yet to provide any basis. And importantly, despite agreeing to abide by protocols in prior correspondence, your June 6 Letter does not articulate any detailed protocols that will be implemented to protect the data, as requested in Twitter’s June 1 Letter.

Notwithstanding the fact that providing such data is not required by the merger agreement, in a good-faith effort to address Mr. Musk’s expressed concerns and move forward with the transaction promptly, and as we have discussed, Twitter is providing Parent and Mr. Musk

secure access to additional user data and other custom reporting going back to January 1, 2021. In addition, with respect to the various forms of the firehose data noted in your May 25, 2022 letter, Twitter is providing you secure access to the thirty days of Historical PowerTrack Archive data consistent with ongoing discussions. All of this information is being provided subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 6.4 of the merger agreement, which prohibits any use of this information “for any competitive or other purpose unrelated to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,” and the Confidentiality Agreement between the Company and Elon R. Musk, dated May 5, 2022.

Twitter intends to continue to work cooperatively with Mr. Musk and Parent to close the transaction in a timely fashion. Twitter reserves all contractual, legal, and other rights.

Sincerely,

/s/ Martin W. Korman

Martin W. Korman, Esq.

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.

/s/ Alan M. Klein

Alan M. Klein, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

On June 17, 2022, representatives of Skadden delivered a letter to Twitter, the full text of which is reproduced below.

Dear Ms. Gadde:

We are in receipt of your letter dated June 16, 2022, responding to Mr. Musk’s request for the data and information described in my letters dated May 25, 2022, May 31, 2022 and June 6, 2022. On June 6, 2022, Mr. Musk made clear that Twitter’s continuing failure to provide him with the data and information he has been requesting since May 9, 2022 constitutes a breach of his merger agreement with Twitter. That breach remains uncured.

Yesterday, we received a data transfer from Twitter, which as you know included only a sampled, selected, and scrubbed dataset. In other words, Twitter did not provide Twitter’s full Firehose data, did not provide Twitter’s full PowerTrack API, and did not provide Twitter’s full Historical PowerTrack API. Twitter also made the data it provided available with a rate limit significantly below what it normally provides its data customers. The nature of Twitter’s recent data delivery can only be explained as a desire to further hamper and delay Mr. Musk’s independent data analysis.

Mr. Musk has attempted to be precise in the specific data he requires to make an independent assessment of the prevalence of fake or spam users on Twitter’s platform. In his May 25 letter, he asked for Twitter’s “(i) enterprise firehose, which comprises 100% of tweets and favoriting activity, (ii) Decahose, (iii) favoriting or ‘like’ firehose, (iv) compliance firehose, (v) historical PowerTrack archive, and (vi) search requests with counts.” Those requests have not been honored or satisfied by Twitter’s recent data delivery.

At a minimum, Mr. Musk is entitled to and demands the same access to Twitter’s Enterprise APIs and at the same rate limit that it sells to enterprise customers, including the Twitter Firehose that we understand Twitter makes available to a limited set of customers. In other words, all eight APIs listed on the webpage https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/enterprise and the “realtime Twitter Firehose” described on this webpage https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/enterprise/decahose-api/overview/decahose. The API access should be provided in the same form that Twitter

provides access to its enterprise customers, including with support from the standard Twitter Enterprise API account team. This should impose no burden on Twitter—as Twitter routinely grants this access to its enterprise customers, it can certainly grant access to its presumptive future owner. Accordingly, Mr. Musk requests that access to Enterprise APIs be granted in full no later than Monday, June 20, 2022.

Mr. Musk is further entitled to and demands access to the sample set used and calculations performed, as well as any related reports or analysis, to support Twitter’s representation that fewer than 5% of its mDAUs are false or spam accounts. Access to such information is requested and should be provided on a daily basis and for the previous eight quarters. Included with this information should be daily measures of mDAU for the previous eight quarters, and through the present. For reasons previously stated, Mr. Musk is entitled to the foregoing data under the terms of his merger agreement with Twitter. Twitter should be able to provide the requested data quickly and with very little burden on the organization.

Twitter’s delay and obfuscation in providing Mr. Musk with the Firehose and related data that he has now been requesting for over a month raises more serious concerns, including about the truthfulness of Twitter’s representations to date regarding its active user base, and the veracity of its methodologies for determining that user base. As a result, Mr. Musk is entitled to and demands the materials necessary to determine whether the company’s SEC disclosures contain materially misleading information. Specifically, Mr. Musk requests the following board and management communications regarding Twitter’s disclosure of, and methodology for, calculating fake users/bots, and mDAUs, from January 1, 2017 through the present:

1. All Board Materials¹ relating to:

a. Twitter’s mDAU metric, including calculation of that metric.

b. Spam accounts on Twitter, including Twitter’s calculation of the number of spam accounts.

c. Twitter’s disclosure of the mDAU metric.

d. Twitter’s disclosure of the number of spam accounts on the website.

2. Communications, including e-mails, text messages, and other electronic communications, to and from the Board concerning the matters set forth in ¶ 1(a-d) above.

3. Communications, including e-mails, text messages, and other electronic communications, among members of the Board concerning the matters set forth in ¶ 1(a-d) above.

4. Communications, including e-mails, text messages, and other electronic communications, to and from Twitter management concerning the matters set forth in ¶ 1(a-d) above.

5. Communications, including e-mails, text messages, and other electronic communications, among members of Twitter management concerning the matters set forth in ¶ 1(a-d) above.

“Board Materials” is defined herein as all minutes of and documents provided at, considered at, discussed at, or prepared or disseminated, in draft or final form, in connection with, in anticipation of, or as a result of any meeting, whether formal or informal, of the members of the Board or any regular or specifically created committee thereof, including without limitation, all presentations, Board packages, recordings, agendas, preparation materials, summaries, memoranda, charts, transcripts, notes, minutes of meetings, drafts of minutes of meetings, exhibits distributed at meetings, summaries of meetings, and resolutions. This request includes Board materials hosted on electronic portals or platforms, including without limitation, any edits, notes, comments, or communications, hosted on such portal or platform.

6. All inquiries or document requests, formal or informal, from any governmental authority (whether federal, state or local) regarding investigations into Twitter’s spam accounts.

Finally, Mr. Musk and his advisors understand that Twitter expects to report a Q2 2022 revenue miss of approximately $100 million. To help Mr. Musk better understand the state of Twitter’s business and outlook, which is related to his acquisition plans and his financing for the transaction, he would like to review the following information:

1. Twitter’s working, bottoms-up financial model for 2022;

2. The Board approved plan and/or budget for 2022, and any models underlying the same to the extent not covered above;

3. Any updated or draft plan or budget for 2023; and

4. A working copy of Goldman’s valuation model underlying its fairness opinion

While Mr. Musk has continued, and will continue, to fulfill his obligations under his merger agreement with Twitter, he will deem Twitter’s refusal or failure to provide the data requested above as a material breach of the merger agreement, and he reserves all rights resulting therefrom, including his right not to consummate the transaction and his right to terminate the merger agreement.

Sincerely,

/s/ Mike Ringler

Mike Ringler

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

On June 17, 2022, representatives of Wilson Sonsini sent an email to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

Your letter today to Twitter was surprising. We have been working constructively together to satisfy your client’s data requests. Twitter was told that data requests relating to user data/firehose should be handled directly and only with Skadden Arps. We had a specific conversation on June 9 between Skadden, Wilson and Twitter personnel in which we discussed what firehose data would be made available pursuant to earlier requests. Based on that conversation and subsequent communications Twitter proceeded with the understanding that access to thirty days of Historical PowerTrack Archive data, as provided on June 16, would be appropriately responsive to your requests. Twitter will further address the substance of your letter, including new requests, in a separate correspondence.

On June 20, 2022, representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

This letter is sent on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “the Company”) and, as noted in our email of June 17, 2022, in further response to your letter of June 17, 2022 (“June 17 Letter”). As an initial matter, the tenor and substance of your June 17 Letter does not reflect the reality of the parties’ interactions. For weeks, we and our respective teams have worked collaboratively towards closing the transaction—including successfully clearing regulatory review by the FTC, working together to obtain regulatory approval in the UK, agreeing to multiple revisions to Mr. Musk’s financing commitments, completing the necessary steps to

finalize the proxy statement, and providing and explaining detailed business and financial information to assist Mr. Musk in his financial modeling. And for weeks, we and our teams have worked together to address voluminous data requests from Mr. Musk and the challenging technical and legal issues raised by those requests in an effort to provide the requested information. Our efforts have been collegial and productive and your statements that we sought in any way to “hamper and delay” are not true.

The “breach” asserted in your letter is contrived. Even a brief review of the transaction history confirms this. Mr. Musk initially approached Twitter to disclose that he had acquired a substantial equity stake in the Company and wished to either join the board, acquire the Company, or compete with the Company. The board invited him to join as a member, and the parties executed an agreement to make that happen. Five days later, Mr. Musk apparently changed his mind and decided that he did not want to join the board. Instead, he wanted to buy Twitter. Within a week, he went public with his first bid, declaring it to be his best and final price. Days later, to induce Twitter to accept his offer, he waived due diligence and presented equity and debt commitment letters that also were not subject to due diligence. A few days after that, on April 24, he presented the Company with an ultimatum: either immediately accept his offer of $54.20 per share or he would go to Twitter’s shareholders directly, without giving them the benefit of a definitive merger agreement to protect their interests. He followed that up by offering what he characterized as a “seller friendly” draft merger agreement—which contained limited conditions to closing and called for minimal seller disclosures—that he demanded the parties execute by the following day, which they did. Mr. Musk actively pursued the Company in this manner, offering both price and deal certainty. At the same time, Mr. Musk publicly discussed the prevalence of spam on Twitter’s platform, and that one of his purposes in buying Twitter was “defeating the spam bots.” It was only after the equity markets entered a steep decline following the execution of the merger agreement that Mr. Musk began making statements questioning Twitter’s SEC disclosures, and asserting Twitter had breached the merger agreement, all in an apparent attempt to create optionality should he change his mind about the deal.

We address the main points raised in your June 17 Letter in turn.

Twitter has not breached the merger agreement. Over the past six weeks, Mr. Musk has made increasingly burdensome requests for information, many of which go beyond the scope of what is contemplated by the merger agreement. As Twitter has explained, and as you well know, Parent’s information access rights under Section 6.4 of the merger agreement are limited. Section 6.4 expressly requires the Company to provide only “reasonable access” to information “as may reasonably be requested in writing” for any “reasonable business purpose related to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,” all subject to a number of limitations to protect the Company. Similarly, Section 6.11 contains limitations protecting the Company. What Sections 6.4 and 6.11 clearly do not give Parent or Mr. Musk is the right to unfettered access to vast amounts of proprietary and competitively sensitive data to conduct “an independent assessment of the prevalence of fake or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform.” As you know, Parent and Mr. Musk insisted on a rapid negotiation of a merger agreement on a take it or leave it price basis. Section 6.4 and 6.11 provide limited rights, not a vehicle to conduct the due diligence that was knowingly waived.

Notwithstanding the limited scope of Sections 6.4 and 6.11, Twitter has exceeded what is required of it under the merger agreement by securely providing Mr. Musk extensive information and data access to remove the obstacles to closing that he has attempted to create.

The June 17 Letter mischaracterizes the parties’ discussions and understandings. Over the last few weeks, we and our teams have been working diligently together to understand the scope and details of the “firehose” data requests and the appropriate protocols for protecting the data. As you know, on June 15, 2022 Twitter provided Mr. Musk and his advisors with secure access to thirty days of historical PowerTrack Archive data consistent with our discussions. Specifically, these discussions included a call on June 9, 2022 between Twitter personnel and counsel for Twitter and Mr. Musk, in which we discussed that access to real-time data was not necessary and we agreed to proceed with providing access to thirty days of historical data. Twitter then dedicated significant resources to create a secure portal for Mr. Musk and his team to access the historical PowerTrack Archive data we discussed. Twitter was led to believe that doing so would satisfy Mr. Musk’s request for firehose data, and you never posed any objections or suggested that Twitter’s production would be deficient in any way.

Your June 17 Letter now complains that the PowerTrack data Twitter provided “included only a sampled, selected, and scrubbed dataset.” As you well know, the information was “selected” insomuch as it was the product of numerous communications with your team over the past two weeks, during which we explicitly agreed that Twitter would provide access to the exact data you received. The statements in your June 17 Letter seek to re-cast the conversations we had and the parties’ understanding, conversations which were witnessed by our respective teams and by Twitter personnel and reflected in our communications.

Notwithstanding this and the limitations on our obligations under Sections 6.4 and 6.11 of the merger agreement, Twitter is prepared to make available the Enterprise API data requested in the June 17 Letter, including the enterprise firehose (comprising 100% of Tweets and favoriting activity), the favoriting or “like” firehose, and the required compliance firehose. We have provided you access to a Historical PowerTrack archive already. Please have your technical team who will access our APIs reach out so that we can provision them with keys and tokens and start the onboarding process.

However, as we have repeatedly told you, access to Twitter’s APIs is insufficient to perform the spam analysis that you purport to wish to do. As just one example, the APIs will include Tweets and accounts that Twitter has labeled as spam and, as such, are not visible on the Twitter platform. In addition, our APIs do not contain the private data required to determine whether an account is spam (e.g., IP address, phone number, geolocation, client/browser signatures, what the account does when it is active, etc.). Also, as we have already discussed, the enterprise firehose (comprising 100% of Tweets and favoriting activity) is inclusive of, and therefore duplicative of, the information included in the Decahose.

We note that we have repeatedly offered to have the parties’ respective technical experts sync to discuss the scope of your firehose request and means to providing full access to such data but have yet to receive any response. We remain open to doing so.

The record is clear: Twitter has been engaged, responsive, and cooperative in response to Mr. Musk’s requests, and in doing so has met and exceeded its information-sharing obligations under the merger agreement. Your suggestions otherwise attempt to fabricate a narrative that is not true.

Mr. Musk’s statements regarding Twitter’s disclosures are meritless and without foundation. Mr. Musk continues to insinuate that Twitter’s SEC disclosures regarding false or spam accounts are untruthful and uses these insinuations as the grounds for his data requests. As Twitter has repeatedly pointed out in prior correspondence, these accusations

are baseless. The Company stands by its SEC disclosures, and nothing has occurred since the signing of the merger agreement to call them into question. Twitter’s SEC disclosures explain that it has developed processes to estimate the prevalence of false or spam accounts in its calculation of mDAU. Applying those processes, Twitter has disclosed that it estimates that fewer than 5% of its mDAU is comprised of false or spam accounts. Twitter’s disclosures further explain, and consistently have explained, among other things, that Twitter’s calculation of mDAU “is not based on any standardized industry methodology and is not necessarily calculated in the same manner or comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies;” Twitter’s calculation of mDAU is “based on internal company data” that Twitter “believe[s] to be reasonable estimates for the applicable period of measurement;” and, given the significant judgment applied, Twitter’s “estimation of false or spam accounts may not accurately represent the actual number of such accounts, and the actual number of false or spam accounts could be higher than [] estimated.” See Twitter, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K at 5. Mr. Musk has not identified a single aspect of these or any other disclosures that is materially misleading or inaccurate—his stated desire to perform a separate estimation using different metrics and processes from those used by Twitter is a diversion.¹

Mr. Musk’s unsupported statements about Twitter on these and other subjects are especially concerning because they have the potential to impact the market and harm Twitter’s business and shareholders. Regardless, Twitter intends to close the merger on the agreed-upon price and terms, as promptly as possible.

The June 17 Letter includes new requests for information not required under the merger agreement or information that has already been provided. While Twitter has attempted to be responsive to Mr. Musk’s requests, Mr. Musk keeps moving the goal posts by making increasingly irrelevant, unsupportable, and voluminous information requests. Indeed, the latest requests for documents and communications read more like requests for discovery and not for information necessary to close the transaction. This is litigation positioning and the merger agreement does not support these requests. For instance, there is no basis under the merger agreement for demanding the requested “e-mails, text messages, and other electronic communications” from Twitter’s board members and management. Moreover, you and the lenders’ counsel have already asked for and received access to the board materials, including all those related to the calculation of mDAU and false or spam accounts, since January 1, 2019 in connection with diligence requests related to the debt financing.

As for the new requests for financial information raised in your June 17 Letter, we and our teams have been collaborating in providing responsive financial information in significant detail (including material not required under the merger agreement) to help Mr. Musk more fully understand Twitter’s business and refine his financial model. We are also supporting your efforts to syndicate Mr. Musk’s debt financing, including through the participation of Twitter’s CFO as you have requested. As you well know, the respective financial advisors of both parties have been working collaboratively together on a daily basis to understand and provide any necessary financial information. We would encourage that channel of communication to continue. With respect to the other new requests in the June 17 Letter, we will get back to you in due course.

* * *

Twitter has offered on multiple occasions to have Mr. Musk’s experts in data science meet directly with Twitter personnel to understand more fully the process disclosed in Twitter’s SEC filings about the manner in which the Company estimates false or spam accounts as a percentage of mDAU. To date, you have not taken Twitter up on that, but Twitter remains open to doing so.

Despite your repeated and false accusations of breach, Twitter intends to continue to work cooperatively with Mr. Musk and Parent to close the transaction in a timely fashion. Twitter reserves all contractual, legal, and other rights.

Sincerely,

/s/ Martin W. Korman

Martin W. Korman, Esq.

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.

/s/ Alan M. Klein

Alan M. Klein, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

On June 28, 2022, representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

This letter is sent on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “the Company”). As you know, we continue to make significant progress on the Merger.¹ The only conditions to the consummation of the Merger that remain outstanding are Company Stockholder Approval and receipt of NSI approval in the UK. With respect to the first, we are hoping to clear the SEC comment process soon, which should allow us to set a stockholder meeting for early to mid-August. With respect to the second, we expect to have clearance by the third week of July.

In anticipation of Closing in a matter of weeks, we write regarding the Financing for the Merger. In accordance with our obligations under Section 6.11, we have been working to provide you with all applicable information, data, and assistance that you have requested to facilitate the Financing in anticipation of a prompt Closing. We will continue to do so consistent with our contractual obligations. We had understood that Bob Swan was working on behalf of your team to lead the Financing efforts, but we learned last week that he is no longer doing so, and you have not yet identified for us who will have day-to-day responsibility for the Financing going forward or a working group with whom we can coordinate. We also note that the Equity Investor has this month made multiple public and private statements regarding the interplay between the Bank Debt Financing and the consummation of the Merger (including, among others, the June 21, 2022 statement that the Bank Debt Financing “need[ed] to be resolved before the transaction can complete”²).

These developments and statements prompt this letter. As you are aware, although there is no financing condition in the Merger Agreement, Section 6.10(a) of the Agreement obligates you, without qualification, to do whatever is necessary to arrange, obtain, and consummate the Financing. We are concerned that, in light of Mr. Swan’s departure and the Equity Investor’s statements, you are not presently devoting sufficient resources and attention to these obligations.

We are committed to facilitating the Financing process and assisting you as we reasonably can to the extent required by Section 6.11. To help us do so, and pursuant to Section 6.10(d) of the Merger Agreement, we accordingly request that you promptly provide us with responses to the information requests attached to this letter. If it would be helpful to have a call to discuss or clarify any of our requests, please let us know and we will make ourselves available.

The capitalized terms we use, but don’t define, in this letter have the meanings assigned to them in the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 25, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among X Holdings I, Inc., X Holdings II, Inc., Elon R. Musk (collectively, “you”) and Twitter.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-21/elon-musk-interview-in-full-on-dogecoin-trump-twitter-tesla-and-recession

We look forward to receipt of this information and documentation, and to continuing to working with you to consummate the transaction.

Sincerely,

/s/ Martin W. Korman

Martin W. Korman, Esq.

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.

/s/ Alan M. Klein

Alan M. Klein, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

On June 29, 2022, representatives of Skadden delivered a letter to representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher, the full text of which is reproduced below.

Dear Ms. Gadde:

We are in receipt of your letter dated June 20, 2022, responding to Mr. Musk’s request for the data and information described in my letters dated May 25, 2022, May 31, 2022, June 6, 2022, and June 16, 2022. Mr. Musk appreciates the company’s decision to finally provide access to Twitter’s Enterprise APIs, though we have just been informed by our data experts that Twitter has placed an artificial cap on the number of searches our experts can perform with this data, which is now preventing Mr. Musk and his team from doing their analysis. Please remove any search cap or limit immediately.¹

Either way, access to those APIs was not the only request in Mr. Musk’s letter, and your letter promised to “get back to [us] in due course” on the remainder of Mr. Musk’s requests. It has now been over a week, and no information whatsoever has been provided in response to these outstanding requests.

First, Mr. Musk disagrees with your creative recasting of the events leading up to and during the merger agreement negotiations. However, instead of engaging in a distracting back-and-forth on these issues here, we focus on the issues that are actually relevant—Mr. Musk’s information requests concerning Twitter’s calculation of mDAU, board and executive level communications within Twitter concerning the same, and information regarding Twitter’s financial modeling and projections in light of its pending earnings miss.

Second, your assertion that Mr. Musk’s requests for information “go beyond the scope of what is contemplated by the merger agreement” is manifestly untrue. In reality, all of the limited information that Mr. Musk has requested is not merely for a reasonable business purpose related to consummating the Transaction—all that the merger agreement requires—but for a purpose foundational to Mr. Musk’s ability to consummate the Transaction: determining whether Twitter’s representations regarding the number of mDAU on its platform (and what percent are false or spam accounts) have been accurate. It is hard to imagine a purpose more relevant than determining whether the metric underlying Twitter’s entire business model has been accurately described and disclosed prior to Mr. Musk closing the Transaction.

Third, your claim that Mr. Musk had previously disavowed any need for accessing real-time data from Twitter (like the real-time Twitter Firehouse) is belied by Mr. Musk’s repeated

It also appears that this access has been provided with an artificially throttled rate limit. Please promptly provide access to these Enterprise APIs with the rate limit afforded to Twitter’s largest enterprise customers, and explain why that limit was not previously used for the transfer of data to Mr. Musk.

requests, since at least May 9, 2022, for that very information. For example, in a letter dated May 25, 2022, Mr. Musk explained that he was seeking “enterprise data and other information intended to enable Mr. Musk and his advisors to make an independent assessment of the prevalence of fake or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform, including requests for access to Twitter’s: (i) enterprise firehose, which comprises 100% of tweets and favoriting activity, (ii) Decahose, (iii) favoriting or “like” firehose, (iv) compliance firehose, (v) historical PowerTrack archive, and (vi) search requests with counts.” This request has not been amended, and has now been answered only following six weeks of deliberation. Following the foregoing request, on and around June 9, 2022, we had several discussions regarding the data that Twitter proposed to provide initially. At no point during those discussions did we indicate that whatever data Twitter produced initially would be sufficient to satisfy Mr. Musk’s broader data requests or otherwise operate to “disavow” those data requests. After receiving Twitter’s initial data production, it became clear that the data Twitter had provided was inadequate to enable Mr. Musk’s advisors to properly assess the prevalence of false and spam accounts on Twitter’s platform. Therefore, we sent follow-up requests reiterating Mr. Musk’s previous data requests.

Mr. Musk has been clear and consistent in emphasizing the importance of testing Twitter’s calculation of mDAU. To that end, he has now for nearly two months sought information that would allow him “to make an independent assessment of the prevalence of fake or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform.” May 25, 2022 Letter. While Twitter has now provided part of what Mr. Musk asked for—access to its Enterprise APIs—you admitted that these would be “insufficient to perform the spam analysis that [Mr. Musk] purport[s] to wish to do.” June 20, 2022 Letter. This makes Twitter’s failure to honor the remainder of Mr. Musk’s information requests particularly troubling, as Twitter knows it has given Mr. Musk only an incomplete picture.

We had hoped this remaining information was forthcoming, but it now appears that it is not. Thus, Mr. Musk must, yet again, reiterate his request for:

Access to the sample set used and calculations performed, as well as any related reports or analysis, to support Twitter’s representation that fewer than 5% of its mDAUs are false or spam accounts. Access to such information is requested and should be provided on a daily basis and for the previous eight quarters. Included with this information should be daily measures of mDAU for the previous eight quarters, and through the present.

June 17, 2022 Letter at 2.

Ideally, Twitter would turn over this data cooperatively, as Twitter is obviously in the best position to know what sample sets, calculations, and related reports or analysis support its own representations. Nonetheless, Mr. Musk has endeavored to be even more specific, and to reduce the burden of the above request, and demands that Twitter immediately:

1. Expand the daily global mDAU data provided to cover the time period from October 1, 2020 to present and to add columns reflecting: the number of mDAU that tweeted, retweeted, replied to a tweet, or commented on a tweet; the number of mDAU that did not perform the foregoing tweet actions but did favorite a tweet; the number of mDAU that took none of the foregoing actions; and the number of accounts that tweeted, retweeted, replied to a tweet, commented on a tweet, or favorited a tweet but were excluded from mDAU. Please also clarify whether UTC is the time zone employed in measuring daily mDAU.

2. Explain how later suspensions are addressed in the mDAU counts, including explaining whether the mDAU population from which Twitter randomly samples

selections of mDAU for human evaluation is the exact same mDAU population used to calculate average mDAU for purposes of quarter-end reporting, how each of these two mDAU populations address accounts that have, in the days or weeks since the day in question, been suspended as of the time of sample review or the end of the quarter and, if there are differences between the two populations, what they are.

3. For each day from October 1, 2020 to present, identify how many accounts Twitter suspended each day; how many of these suspended accounts were previously included in any mDAU figure used to calculate quarter-end average mDAU; the number of accounts suspended each day for each of Twitter’s internal reasons for suspending accounts; the average and median number of days accounts suspended on each day were previously included in mDAU; and how many accounts suspended on each day were later unsuspended.

4. Provide the outputs of each of the five steps of the sampling process for each day during the week of June 19, 2022 and each day during the week of January 30, 2022. For the first step, please provide id and id_str for each account.

5. Provide all documents or other guidance provided to the contractor agents hired by Twitter’s outsourced vendors in order to direct them in reviewing accounts and determining labels since April 1, 2020, including all dates that such documents or guidance were in use if not plain on the face of the documents.

6. Provide screenshots and descriptions of the user interface of the ADAP tool and the Twitter-proprietary internal tool or tools that the contractor agents use to code the sample accounts they are provided for review. If this tool has changed in the past year, please provide screenshots and descriptions documenting those changes.

7. For each day from April 1, 2021 through the present, identify each account drawn in the sampling process, including providing the id and id_str for each; the creation date of each account; which accounts if any were not reviewed by the contractor agents; anonymized identifiers indicating which contractor agents reviewed which accounts on each day; the designation given to each account reviewed by each of the three contractor agents who reviewed it and the anonymized identifier indicating the reviewer who provided that designation; anonymized identifiers indicating which Quality Analyst reviewed each account so reviewed or whether there was no Quality Analyst review; the designation given to each account reviewed by a Quality Analyst; the final designation for each account following review by in-house Twitter full time staff; and for all accounts labeled ‘compromised’ the current status of the account and the date on which that status was entered into.

All data should be provided in readily usable data formats, not PDF files.

Finally, Twitter still has not provided the information requested in Mr. Musk’s June 17 letter concerning the company’s SEC disclosures. Instead, Twitter claimed it has already provided some information responsive to these requests, such as certain Board materials. Similarly, Twitter has not provided the information requested concerning Twitter’s financial performance and projections (especially relevant given Twitter’s material revenue miss for Q2 2022). Instead, Twitter claimed information of this type (i.e., financial) has typically been exchanged between the parties’ financial advisors. Neither of these actions actually excuse Twitter’s performance.

Accordingly, we must again insist that Twitter provide the information requested in Mr. Musk’s June 17 letter, including but not limited to any and all board and management reports that

contemplate or discuss mDAU testing or methodology, any discussion of Twitter’s quarterly representations of these figures for the past eight quarters, and the financial modeling and projections requested in that letter.

If Twitter believes it has already provided some information, it is obligated to provide the rest; if information of a similar sort has been exchanged through other channels, it should pose no burden on Twitter to exchange that information here. To that end, please provide the above requested information by Friday, July 1. If instead Twitter is refusing to provide any of the information requested on pages 3 and 4 of Mr. Musk’s June 17 letter and reiterated herein, please so confirm promptly such that Mr. Musk may consider all options available to him, under the merger agreement and otherwise.

Sincerely,

/s/ Mike Ringler

Mike Ringler

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

On July 1, 2022, representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

This letter is sent on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “the Company”) as an initial response to your letter of June 29, 2022 (“June 29 Letter”) and in further response to your letter of June 17, 2022 (“June 17 Letter”).

As you know, Twitter has uploaded additional documents to the parties’ shared data room, which are responsive to certain of the information requests contained in your June 17 and 29 Letters.¹ These documents include (i) additional documentation supporting the calculations Twitter performs to estimate false or spam accounts as a percentage of mDAU, including quarterly and monthly reporting reflecting the sample sets selected and the identification of false or spam accounts to support Twitter’s publicly disclosed estimates, (ii) copies of inquiries or document requests Twitter has received from any governmental authority regarding investigations into false or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform in the last five years; and (iii) the final Presentation to the Board of Directors, dated April 25, 2022 (the “Board Presentation”), presented by Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan to Twitter’s Board of Directors.²

Your June 29 Letter and prior requests seek information that Twitter does not compile in the ordinary course and that exceeds the scope of Sections 6.4 and 6.11 of the merger agreement. Twitter is nevertheless undertaking to be responsive. Responding to such requests, however, takes time and considerable resources, and the Company will continue to confer with you on a rolling basis.

With respect to the Board Presentation, please note that Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan have each consented to our providing it to you, subject to the conditions disclosed in the cover letter enclosed with the Board Presentation. We note that the Company is party to confidentiality agreements with both Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan, thus rendering your request for information from them invalid under the applicable proviso of Section 6.4. The Company obtained their consent to provide the materials to you as a courtesy and in an effort to be cooperative and helpful. The Company reserves all and waives none of its rights under Section 6.4.

The model underlying the respective fairness opinions of Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan is set forth on pages 10 and 11 of the Board Presentation and is the same as the model provided by Twitter to Parent via Box VDR 3.08 (Financial Model, P&L and Revenue Breakout.pdf). Management of Twitter made various judgments and assumptions when preparing those projections as described in the publicly filed proxy statement. The projections through 2027 provided to Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan did not include additional assumptions beyond those made available to Parent via Box VDR 3.08 (Financial Model, P&L and Revenue Breakout.pdf) or described in the publicly filed proxy statement. Specifically, Twitter did not provide Goldman Sachs or J.P. Morgan assumptions regarding drivers of revenue growth beyond the top-down market share approach described in the publicly filed proxy statement. The subsequent pages of the Board Presentation include analyses performed by Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan, respectively, and the material analyses contained therein are described in the publicly filed proxy statement.

With respect to your June 29 Letter’s assertions regarding the Enterprise APIs that Twitter provided to you, we confirm that there was no artificial throttling of rate limits on Twitter’s part as it relates to your team’s usage. Your June 17 Letter demanded the “same access” to Twitter’s Enterprise APIs and “at the same rate limit” that it sells to enterprise customers. When Mr. Musk’s team was provided access, it was set up with the same rate limits that Twitter normally provides to its Enterprise customers, at 120 requests per minute (with a burst up to 10 per second) for the Full Archive Search and 30 requests per minute (with a burst up to 10 per second) for a 30-day search.³ In any event, immediately upon receipt of your June 29 Letter, Twitter increased the rate limits for your team’s access to 250 requests per minute (with a burst up to 10 per second) for the Full Archive Search and 1,800 requests per minute (with a burst up to 40 per second) for a 30-day search, which are the maximum rate limits Twitter provides to its largest enterprise customers.

Twitter reiterates that it has gone above and beyond and more than complied with its information sharing obligations under the merger agreement. As detailed in our prior letters and above, even though many of Mr. Musk’s requests have gone beyond what is called for under Sections 6.4 and 6.11 of the merger agreement, Twitter has worked constructively to provide Mr. Musk with the information that he claims he needs to consummate the merger.

Twitter will continue to be responsive to all reasonable requests for information, as it has been since signing the Merger Agreement in April, and it looks forward to closing the merger promptly. Toward that end, we look forward to your timely response to our inquiries regarding your progress on the Financing. Twitter reserves all contractual, legal, and other rights.

Sincerely,

/s/ Martin W. Korman

Martin W. Korman, Esq.

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.

/s/ Alan M. Klein

Alan M. Klein, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

On July 6, 2022, representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

This letter is sent on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “the Company”). On June 28, 2022, we sent you a letter requesting information concerning the status of your efforts to arrange and finalize the Financing pursuant to Section 6.10(d) of the Merger Agreement. We have received no response to our letter or the accompanying information requests.

As we previously explained, we are requesting this information in light of our concerns about the status of the Financing and the adequacy of resources and attention devoted to consummating the Financing in light of a potential Closing in a matter of weeks. We accordingly write again, requesting a prompt response to our June 28 letter.

Twitter publishes its rate limits here: https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/enterprise/rate-limits.

We look forward to the receipt of the information we requested and to continuing to work with you to promptly consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. Twitter reserves all contractual, legal, and other rights.

Sincerely,

/s/ Martin W. Korman

Martin W. Korman, Esq.

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.

/s/ Alan M. Klein

Alan M. Klein, Esq.

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

On July 8, 2022, representatives of Skadden delivered a letter to representatives of Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher, the full text of which is reproduced below. Later that day, Mr. Musk filed an amendment to his Schedule 13D containing a copy of this letter.

Dear Ms. Gadde:

We refer to (i) the Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among X Holdings I, Inc., X Holdings II, Inc. and Twitter, Inc. dated as of April 25, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”) and (ii) our letter to you dated as of June 6, 2022 (the “June 6 Letter”). As further described below, Mr. Musk is terminating the Merger Agreement because Twitter is in material breach of multiple provisions of that Agreement, appears to have made false and misleading representations upon which Mr. Musk relied when entering into the Merger Agreement, and is likely to suffer a Company Material Adverse Effect (as that term is defined in the Merger Agreement).

While Section 6.4 of the Merger Agreement requires Twitter to provide Mr. Musk and his advisors all data and information that Mr. Musk requests “for any reasonable business purpose related to the consummation of the transaction,” Twitter has not complied with its contractual obligations. For nearly two months, Mr. Musk has sought the data and information necessary to “make an independent assessment of the prevalence of fake or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform” (our letter to you dated May 25, 2022 (the “May 25 Letter”)). This information is fundamental to Twitter’s business and financial performance and is necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement because it is needed to ensure Twitter’s satisfaction of the conditions to closing, to facilitate Mr. Musk’s financing and financial planning for the transaction, and to engage in transition planning for the business. Twitter has failed or refused to provide this information. Sometimes Twitter has ignored Mr. Musk’s requests, sometimes it has rejected them for reasons that appear to be unjustified, and sometimes it has claimed to comply while giving Mr. Musk incomplete or unusable information.

Mr. Musk and his financial advisors at Morgan Stanley have been requesting critical information from Twitter as far back as May 9, 2022—and repeatedly since then—on the relationship between Twitter’s disclosed mDAU figures and the prevalence of false or spam accounts on the platform. If there were ever any doubt as to the nature of these information requests, the May 25 Letter made clear that Mr. Musk’s goal was to understand how many of Twitter’s claimed mDAUs were, in fact, fake or spam accounts. That letter noted that “Items 1.03 to 1.13 of the diligence request list contain high-priority requests for enterprise data and other information intended to enable Mr. Musk and his advisors to make an independent assessment of the prevalence of fake or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform...” The letter then provided Twitter with a detailed list of requests to this effect.

Since then, Mr. Musk has provided numerous additional follow-up requests, all aimed at filling the gaps in the incomplete information that Twitter provided in response to his broad requests

for information relating to Twitter’s reported mDAU counts and reported estimates of false and spam accounts.¹ For example, in our letter to you dated June 29, 2022 (the “June 29 Letter”), we referenced Mr. Musk’s request in the May 25 Letter for “information that would allow him ‘to make an independent assessment of the prevalence of fake or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform.’” Because Twitter, by its own admission, provided only incomplete data that was not sufficient to perform such an independent assessment,² the June 29 Letter “endeavored to be even more specific, and to reduce the burden of the [original] request,” by identifying a specific subset of high priority information, responsive to Mr. Musk’s prior requests, for Twitter to immediately make available.

Notwithstanding these repeated requests over the past two months, Twitter has still failed to provide much of the data and information responsive to Mr. Musk’s repeated requests, including, but not limited to:

1. Information related to Twitter’s process for auditing the inclusion of spam and fake accounts in mDAU. Twitter has still not provided much of the information specifically requested by Mr. Musk in Sections 1.01¬1.03 of the May 19 diligence request list that is necessary for him to make an assessment of the prevalence of false or spam accounts on its website. As recently as the June 29 Letter, Mr. Musk reiterated this long-standing request for information related to Twitter’s sampling process for detecting fake accounts. The June 29 Letter identified specific data necessary to enable Mr. Musk to independently verify Twitter’s representations regarding the number of mDAU on its platform—including, but not limited to (1) daily global mDAU data since October 1, 2020; (2) information regarding the sampling population for mDAU, including whether the mDAU population used for auditing spam and false accounts is the same mDAU population used for quarterly reporting; (3) outputs of each step of the sampling process for each day during the weeks of January 30, 2022 and June 19, 2022; (4) documentation or other guidance provided to contractor agents used for auditing mDAU samples; (5) information regarding the user interface of Twitter’s ADAP tool and any internal tools used by the contractor agents; and (6) mDAU audit sampling information, including anonymized information identifying the contractor agents and Quality Analyst that reviewed each sampled account, the designation given by each contractor agent and Quality Analyst, and the current status of any accounts labelled “compromised.” A subsequent request along these lines should not have been necessary, as this information should have been provided in response to Mr. Musk’s original diligence request. Yet, to date, Twitter has not provided any of this information.

2. Information related to Twitter’s process for identifying and suspending spam and fake accounts. In addition to information regarding Twitter’s mDAU audits, the June 29 Letter also reiterated requests for data specifically identified in Sections 1.04-1.05 of the May 19 diligence request list regarding Twitter’s methodology and performance data relating to identification and suspension of spam and false accounts, including, but not limited to, information regarding account suspensions, including information sufficient to

Mr. Musk sought the same information in letters dated June 6, 2022, June 17, 2022, and June 29, 2022. In each of these letters, Mr. Musk referenced his information rights under Section 6.4 of the Merger Agreement. Twitter has thus been on notice of the information sought by Mr. Musk—and the contractual bases for these requests—for two months. For the past month, Mr. Musk has been clear that he views Twitter’s non-responsiveness as a material breach of the Merger Agreement giving him the right to terminate the Merger Agreement if uncured. See June 6, 2022 (explaining that Twitter was “refusing to comply with its obligations under the Merger Agreement”). Thus, Mr. Musk has been clear about his requests, his right to seek such information, and his view regarding Twitter’s material breach of the Merger Agreement.

See your letter to us dated June 20, 2022 (noting that the information Twitter was agreeing to provide was “insufficient to perform the spam analysis that [Mr. Musk] purport[s] to wish to do.”).

identify daily numbers of account suspensions since October 2020 and numbers of account suspensions for each of Twitter’s internal reasons for suspension. In addition, during the June 30, 2022 call, Twitter’s representatives indicated for the first time that the workflow and processes for detecting spam and false accounts in the mDAU population is different and separate from the workflow and processes for identifying and suspending accounts in violation of Twitter’s policies. On that call, Twitter indicated that it would not be willing to provide information regarding the methodologies employed to identify and suspend such accounts.

3. Daily measures of mDAU for the past eight (8) quarters. On June 17, 2022 (the “June 17 Letter”) Mr. Musk reiterated his request for “access to the sample set used and calculations performed, as well as any related reports or analysis, to support Twitter’s representation that fewer than 5% of its mDAUs are false or spam account.” To that end, Mr. Musk requested that Twitter provide “daily measures of mDAU for the previous eight quarters, and through the present.” This information is derivative of the information Mr. Musk first sought in Sections 1.01¬1.03 of the May 19 diligence request list. Although Twitter has provided certain summary data regarding the mDAU calculations, Twitter has not provided the complete daily measures as requested.

4. Board materials related to Twitter’s mDAU calculations. In the June 17 Letter, Mr. Musk requested a variety of board materials and communications related to Twitter’s mDAU metric, its calculation of the number of spam and false accounts, its disclosure of the mDAU metric, and the company’s disclosure of the number of spam accounts on the platform. Twitter has provided an incomplete data set in response to this request, and has not provided information sufficient to enable Mr. Musk to make an independent assessment of Twitter’s board and management’s understanding of its mDAU metric.

5. Materials related to Twitter’s financial condition. Mr. Musk is entitled, under Section 6.4 of the Merger Agreement to “all information concerning the business ... of the Company ... for any reasonable business purpose related to the consummation of the transactions” and under Section 6.11 of the Merger Agreement, to information “reasonably requested” in connection with his efforts to secure the debt financing necessary to consummate the transaction. To that end, Mr. Musk requested on June 17 a variety of board materials, including a working, bottoms-up financial model for 2022, a budget for 2022, an updated draft plan or budget, and a working copy of Goldman Sachs’ valuation model underlying its fairness opinion. Twitter has provided only a pdf copy of Goldman Sachs’ final Board presentation.

In short, Twitter has not provided information that Mr. Musk has requested for nearly two months notwithstanding his repeated, detailed clarifications intended to simplify Twitter’s identification, collection, and disclosure of the most relevant information sought in Mr. Musk’s original requests.

While Twitter has provided some information, that information has come with strings attached, use limitations or other artificial formatting features, which has rendered some of the information minimally useful to Mr. Musk and his advisors. For example, when Twitter finally provided access to the eight developer “APIs” first explicitly requested by Mr. Musk in the May 25 Letter, those APIs contained a rate limit lower than what Twitter provides to its largest enterprise customers. Twitter only offered to provide Mr. Musk with the same level of access as some of its customers after we explained that throttling the rate limit prevented Mr. Musk and his advisors from performing the analysis that he wished to conduct in any reasonable period of time.

Additionally, those APIs contained an artificial “cap” on the number of queries that Mr. Musk and his team can run regardless of the rate limit—an issue that initially prevented Mr. Musk and his advisors from completing an analysis of the data in any reasonable period of time. Mr. Musk raised this issue as soon as he became aware of it, in the first paragraph of the June 29 Letter: “we have just been informed by our data experts that Twitter has placed an artificial cap on the number of searches our experts can perform with this data, which is now preventing Mr. Musk and his team from doing their analysis.” That cap was not removed until July 6, after Mr. Musk demanded its removal for a second time.

Based on the foregoing refusal to provide information that Mr. Musk has been requesting since May 9, 2022, Twitter is in breach of Sections 6.4 and 6.11 of the Merger Agreement.

Despite public speculation on this point, Mr. Musk did not waive his right to review Twitter’s data and information simply because he chose not to seek this data and information before entering into the Merger Agreement. In fact, he negotiated access and information rights within the Merger Agreement precisely so that he could review data and information that is important to Twitter’s business before financing and completing the transaction.

As Twitter has been on notice of its breach since at least June 6, 2022, any cure period afforded to Twitter under the Merger Agreement has now lapsed. Accordingly, Mr. Musk hereby exercises X Holdings I, Inc.’s right to terminate the Merger Agreement and abandon the transaction contemplated thereby, and this letter constitutes formal notice of X Holding I, Inc.’s termination of the Merger Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(d)(i) thereof.

In addition to the foregoing, Twitter is in breach of the Merger Agreement because the Merger Agreement appears to contain materially inaccurate representations. Specifically, in the Merger Agreement, Twitter represented that no documents that Twitter filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission since January 1, 2022, included any “untrue statement of a material fact” (Section 4.6(a)). Twitter has repeatedly made statements in such filings regarding the portion of its mDAUs that are false or spam, including statements that: “We have performed an internal review of a sample of accounts and estimate that the average of false or spam accounts during the first quarter of 2022 represented fewer than 5% of our mDAU during the quarter,” and “After we determine an account is spam, malicious automation, or fake, we stop counting it in our mDAU, or other related metrics.” Mr. Musk relied on this representation in the Merger Agreement (and Twitter’s numerous public statements regarding false and spam accounts in its publicly filed SEC documents) when agreeing to enter into the Merger Agreement. Mr. Musk has the right to seek rescission of the Merger Agreement in the event these material representations are determined to be false.

Although Twitter has not yet provided complete information to Mr. Musk that would enable him to do a complete and comprehensive review of spam and fake accounts on Twitter’s platform, he has been able to partially and preliminarily analyze the accuracy of Twitter’s disclosure regarding its mDAU. While this analysis remains ongoing, all indications suggest that several of Twitter’s public disclosures regarding its mDAUs are either false or materially misleading. First, although Twitter has consistently represented in securities filings that “fewer than 5%” of its mDAU are false or spam accounts, based on the information provided by Twitter to date, it appears that Twitter is dramatically understating the proportion of spam and false accounts represented in its mDAU count. Preliminary analysis by Mr. Musk’s advisors of the information provided by Twitter to date causes Mr. Musk to strongly believe that the proportion of false and spam accounts included in the reported mDAU count is wildly higher than 5%. Second, Twitter’s disclosure that it ceases to count fake or spam users in its mDAU when it determines that those users are fake appears to be false. Instead, we understand, based on Twitter’s

representations during a June 30, 2022 call with us, that Twitter includes accounts that have been suspended—and thus are known to be fake or spam—in its quarterly mDAU count even when it is aware that the suspended accounts were included in mDAU for that quarter. Last, Twitter has represented that it is “continually seeking to improve our ability to estimate the total number of spam accounts and eliminate them from the calculation of our mDAU...” But, Twitter’s process for calculating its mDAU, and the percentage of mDAU comprised of non-monetizable spam accounts, appears to be arbitrary and ad hoc. Disclosing that Twitter has a reasoned process for calculating mDAU when the opposite is true would be false and misleading.

Twitter’s representation in the Merger Agreement regarding the accuracy of its SEC disclosures relating to false and spam accounts may have also caused, or is reasonably likely to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect, which may form an additional basis for terminating the Merger Agreement. While Mr. Musk and his advisors continue to investigate the exact nature and extent of this event, Mr. Musk has reason to believe that the true number of false or spam accounts on Twitter’s platform is substantially higher than the amount of less than 5% represented by Twitter in its SEC filings. Twitter’s true mDAU count is a key component of the company’s business, given that approximately 90% of its revenue comes from advertisements. For this reason, to the extent that Twitter has underrepresented the number of false or spam accounts on its platform, that may constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect under Section 7.2(b)(i) of the Merger Agreement. Mr. Musk is also examining the company’s recent financial performance and revised outlook, and is considering whether the company’s declining business prospects and financial outlook constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect giving Mr. Musk a separate and distinct basis for terminating the Merger Agreement.

Finally, Twitter also did not comply with its obligations under Section 6.1 of the Merger Agreement to seek and obtain consent before deviating from its obligation to conduct its business in the ordinary course and “preserve substantially intact the material components of its current business organization.” Twitter’s conduct in firing two key, high-ranking employees, its Revenue Product Lead and the General Manager of Consumer, as well as announcing on July 7 that it was laying off a third of its talent acquisition team, implicates the ordinary course provision. Twitter has also instituted a general hiring freeze which extends even to reconsideration of outstanding job offers. Moreover, three executives have resigned from Twitter since the Merger Agreement was signed: the Head of Data Science, the Vice President of Twitter Service, and a Vice President of Product Management for Health, Conversation, and Growth. The Company has not received Parent’s consent for changes in the conduct of its business, including for the specific changes listed above. The Company’s actions therefore constitute a material breach of Section 6.1 of the Merger Agreement.

Accordingly, for all of these reasons, Mr. Musk hereby exercises X Holdings I, Inc.’s right to terminate the Merger Agreement and abandon the transaction contemplated thereby, and this letter constitutes formal notice of X Holding I, Inc.’s termination of the Merger Agreement pursuant to Section 8.1(d)(i) thereof.

Sincerely,

/s/ Mike Ringler

Mike Ringler

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP

On July 10, 2022, representatives of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, Twitter’s outside legal counsel (which we refer to as “Wachtell Lipton”), delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

Dear Mr. Ringler:

This letter is sent on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “the Company”) in response to your July 8, 2022 letter, in which X Holdings I, Inc. purports to terminate the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Agreement”) by and among Twitter, X Holdings I, Inc. (“Parent”), X Holdings II, Inc. (“Acquisition Sub”), and Elon R. Musk (together with Parent and Acquisition Sub, the “Musk Parties”). Capitalized terms used here and not otherwise defined have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.

Mr. Musk’s and the other Musk Parties’ purported termination is invalid and wrongful, and it constitutes a repudiation of their obligations under the Agreement. Contrary to the assertions in your letter, Twitter has breached none of its obligations under the Agreement, and Twitter has not suffered and is not likely to suffer a Company Material Adverse Effect. The purported termination is invalid for the independent reason that Mr. Musk and the other Musk Parties have knowingly, intentionally, willfully, and materially breached the Agreement, including but not limited to Sections 6.3, 6.8, and 6.10 thereof. The Agreement is not terminated, the Bank Debt Commitment Letter and the Equity Commitment Letter remain in effect, and Twitter demands that Mr. Musk and the other Musk Parties comply with their obligations under the Agreement, including their obligations to use their respective reasonable best efforts to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by the Agreement (including by taking all steps necessary to obtain a favorable outcome under the United Kingdom’s National Security and Investment Act 2021), the Bank Debt Commitment Letter, and the Equity Commitment Letter. As it has done, Twitter will continue to provide information reasonably requested by Mr. Musk under the Agreement and to diligently take all measures required to close the transaction.

Twitter reserves all contractual, legal, and other rights, including its right to specifically enforce the Musk Parties’ obligations under the Agreement.

Sincerely,

/s/ William Savitt

William Savitt

Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz

On July 14, 2022, representatives of Wachtell Lipton delivered a letter to representatives of Skadden, the full text of which is reproduced below.

Dear Mr. Ringler:

This letter is sent on behalf of Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter” or “the Company”) in reference to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Agreement”) by and among Twitter, X Holdings I, Inc., (“Parent”), X Holdings II, Inc., (“Acquisition Sub”), and Elon R. Musk (together with Parent and Acquisition Sub, the “Musk Parties”).

On June 21, 2022, Twitter provided Mr. Musk’s representatives with access to its Enterprise API data, including the enterprise firehose (comprising 100% of the Tweets and favoriting

activity), the favoriting or “like” firehose, the required compliance firehose, and the search APIs (30-day and full archive). You requested access to this information, asserting that it was “necessary to facilitate closing of the transaction”. Although Twitter disputes that it was obligated to provide this information under Section 6.4 or Section 6.11 of the Agreement, it nonetheless provided access, subject to the express protections in the Agreement prohibiting the use of such information for any competitive or other purpose unrelated to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Agreement. We understand that, notwithstanding the Musk Parties’ purported termination of the Agreement on July 8, 2022, Mr. Musk’s representatives are continuing to use such information and are still running a significant volume of search queries on the Enterprise API data daily, including as recently as yesterday. We remind you that continuing access to and use of such information by the Musk Parties is subject to the terms of the Merger Agreement, including those contained in Sections 6.4 and 6.11, and the Confidentiality Agreement between Twitter and Mr. Musk, dated May 5, 2022.

Twitter reserves all contractual, legal, and other rights.

Sincerely,

/s/ William Savitt

William Savitt

Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz

On July 19, 2022, the Delaware Court of Chancery granted Twitter’s motion to expedite proceedings in Twitter’s action for specific performance of the merger agreement and scheduled a five day trial to begin in October 2022.

Recommendation of the Twitter Board and Reasons for the Merger

Recommendation of the Twitter Board

The Twitter Board unanimously: (1) determined that the merger agreement is advisable and the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are fair to, advisable and in the best interests of Twitter and its stockholders; and (2) adopted and approved the merger agreement, the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.

The Twitter Board unanimously recommends that you vote: (1) “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement; (2) “FOR” the compensation that will or may become payable by Twitter to our named executive officers in connection with the merger; and (3) “FOR” the adjournment of the special meeting, from time to time, to a later date or dates, if necessary or appropriate, to solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes to adopt the merger agreement at the time of the special meeting.

Reasons for the Merger

In evaluating the merger agreement and the merger, the Twitter Board consulted with Twitter management, as well as representatives of each of Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, Wilson Sonsini and Simpson Thacher. In recommending that Twitter stockholders vote “FOR” the adoption of the merger agreement, the Twitter Board considered and analyzed a number of factors, including the following (which factors are not necessarily presented in order of relative importance). Based on these consultations, considerations and analyses, and the factors discussed below, the Twitter Board unanimously concluded that entering into the merger agreement was advisable and in the best interests of Twitter and our stockholders.

The Twitter Board believed that the following material factors and benefits supported its determination and recommendation:

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Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Prospects of Twitter; Risks of Execution. The current, historical and projected financial condition, results of operations and business of Twitter, as well as Twitter’s prospects and risks if it were to remain an independent company. In particular, the Twitter Board considered Twitter’s then current business plan, including management’s then current estimated projections of Twitter’s financial prospects, as reflected in the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information, and underlying assumptions and market share case sensitivities. As part of this, the Twitter Board considered Twitter’s current business plan and the potential opportunities and risks that it presented, against, among other things, various execution, operational and other risks to achieving the business plan and related uncertainties, including: (1) the impact of market, customer and competitive trends on Twitter; (2) the likelihood that the business plan could be achieved in the face of operational and execution risks, including loss of market share, user dissatisfaction or employee attrition; and (3) general risks related to market conditions that could negatively impact our valuation or reduce the price of our common stock. In particular, the Twitter Board considered the likelihood and timing of, and risks to, achieving the operational improvements, monetization objectives and market share capture assumptions underlying the business plan, as well as the estimated projections of Twitter’s financial prospects, all as reflected in the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information. Among the potential risks identified by the Twitter Board were:

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Twitter’s competitive positioning and prospects as an independent company. Included among these risks were consideration of (1) Twitter’s size, as well as its financial resources, relative to those of its competitors; (2) new and evolving competitive threats; (3) changes in the industry in which Twitter operates; and (4) the substantial risks to achieving Twitter’s business plan.

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The historical growth rate of Twitter’s monetizable daily active usage or users, ad engagement or other general engagement on its platform and the impact that this has had, and could continue to have, on Twitter’s ability to achieve stable and consistent revenue, business and operating results. The Twitter Board also considered Twitter’s historical challenges in increasing market share, and noted that the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information included various assumptions regarding increased market share.

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The historical challenges to Twitter’s ability to grow its advertising revenue and the impact that this has had, and could continue to have, on our future revenue, profitability and stock price.

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The continued economic uncertainty, including related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the conflict in Ukraine and related sanctions against Russia and Belarus, and inflationary pressures, as well as the impact that such uncertainty has had, and could continue to have, on the digital advertising market (and brand advertising specifically) and Twitter’s business and operating results.

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The challenges to a public company of making investments, and operational changes and improvements (including meaningful cost reductions) to achieve long-term growth and profitability. The Twitter Board was aware that such investments, changes and improvements could lead to disruption in our performance and expose us to scrutiny based on our quarter-over-quarter operational and financial metrics and results. The Twitter Board was also aware that the price of our common stock could be negatively impacted if we failed to meet investor expectations, including if we failed to meet our monetization, growth and profitability objectives.

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The historical execution track record of Twitter’s business plan by Twitter management and their ability to continue to drive Twitter’s business.

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Potential Strategic Alternatives. The assessment of the Twitter Board that none of the possible alternatives to the merger (including continuing to operate Twitter as an independent company or pursuing a different transaction, and the desirability and perceived risks of those alternatives, as well as the potential benefits and risks to our stockholders of those alternatives and the timing and likelihood of effecting such alternatives) was reasonably likely to present superior opportunities for Twitter to create greater value for our stockholders, taking into account execution risks as well as business, financial, industry, competitive and regulatory risks. The Twitter Board considered other potential acquirors of Twitter, and determined that other parties were unlikely to have the interest in, or capability to, acquire Twitter, including based on the regulatory, financing and other execution risks applicable to each party. In that regard, the Twitter Board noted that although Mr. Musk’s acquisition proposal had been publicly disclosed (and the subject of significant press coverage) and a number of financial sponsors had contacted Twitter and its representatives regarding their interest in participating as a financing source in a potential acquisition of Twitter, the Twitter Board did not receive any acquisition proposals from any potential acquirers other that Mr. Musk. The Twitter Board also noted the likelihood that other potential acquirors would require substantial due diligence, creating a delay and risk to reaching the signing of such a potential transaction.

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Possibility that Mr. Musk Could Commence an Unsolicited Takeover or Exit His Stake. The possibility that, absent a negotiated agreement with Twitter, Mr. Musk might commence an unsolicited tender offer for our common stock imminently based on his public statements and disclosures, and the fact that Mr. Musk would not be contractually committed to offer the per share price to all of our stockholders, or otherwise be subject to contractual obligations and commitments (including with respect to receipt of regulatory approvals) to complete an acquisition transaction. As part of this, the Twitter Board noted (1) the possible disruption to our business and the possible impact on stockholder value if Mr. Musk determined to seek to acquire Twitter on an unsolicited basis; and (2) the additional stockholder value, including with respect to closing certainty, that could be derived from requiring Mr. Musk to negotiate the terms of a potential acquisition with the Twitter Board. In addition, the Twitter Board considered the possible disruption to our business and the possible impact on stockholder value if Mr. Musk did not pursue an acquisition or exited his stake of our common stock.

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Certainty of Value. The consideration to be received by our stockholders in the merger consists entirely of cash, which provides certainty of value measured against the ongoing business and financial execution risks of Twitter’s business plan, and allows our stockholders to realize that value immediately upon the closing of the merger. In that regard, the Twitter Board noted that the amount of cash to be received for each outstanding share of our common stock is fixed and will not be reduced if the share price of our common stock declines prior to the effective time of the merger.

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Best Value Reasonably Obtainable. The belief of the Twitter Board that the per share price represented Mr. Musk’s best and final offer and the best value that Twitter could reasonably obtain from Mr. Musk for the shares of our common stock, taking into account (1) Mr. Musk’s statements (both publicly and to Mr. Taylor) and reputation; (2) the Twitter Board’s assessment that other parties were unlikely to have the interest in, or capability to, acquire Twitter, including based on the regulatory, financing and other execution risks applicable to each party; and (3) the Twitter Board’s familiarity with the business, operations, prospects, business strategy, assets, liabilities and general financial condition of Twitter on a historical and prospective basis and its assessment of associated risks, including execution risks with respect to Twitter’s business plan. In addition, the Twitter Board believed that, measured against the longer-term execution risks described above, the per share price reflects a fair and favorable price for the shares of our common stock. The Twitter Board also considered that the

per share price constitutes (1) a premium of approximately 38 percent to the closing price of our common stock on April 1, 2022, which was the last full trading day before Mr. Musk’s investment in Twitter became public; and (2) a premium of approximately 51 percent to Twitter’s 30-trading day volume-weighted average closing stock price ending on such date.

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Opinion of Goldman Sachs. The oral opinion of Goldman Sachs rendered to the Twitter Board, subsequently confirmed by delivery of its written opinion, dated April 25, 2022, that, as of such date, and based upon and subject to the limitations, qualifications and assumptions set forth therein, the $54.20 in cash per share of Twitter common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Parent, Mr. Musk and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to such holders. The opinion is more fully described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC” and the full text of the opinion is attached as Annex C to this proxy statement.

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Opinion of J.P. Morgan. The oral opinion of J.P. Morgan rendered to the Twitter Board on April 25, 2022 that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the factors and assumptions set forth in its opinion, the consideration to be paid to Twitter’s common stockholders in the proposed transaction was fair, from a financial point of view, to such stockholders. J.P. Morgan has confirmed its April 25, 2022 oral opinion by delivering its written opinion to the Twitter Board, dated April 25, 2022, that, as of such date, the consideration to be paid to Twitter’s common stockholders in the proposed merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to such stockholders. The opinion is more fully described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC” and the full text of the opinion is attached as Annex D to this proxy statement.

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Negotiations with Parent and Terms of the Merger Agreement. The terms of the merger agreement, which was the product of arm’s-length negotiations, and the belief of the Twitter Board that the merger agreement contained terms and conditions that provided the Twitter Board with a high level of closing certainty. The factors considered included:

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Twitter’s ability, under certain circumstances, to furnish information to, and conduct negotiations with, third parties submitting unsolicited takeover proposals.

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The Twitter Board’s belief that the terms of the merger agreement would be unlikely to deter third parties from making a superior proposal.

○

The Twitter Board’s ability, under certain circumstances, to withdraw or modify its recommendation that our stockholders vote in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement.

○

The Twitter Board’s ability, under certain circumstances, to terminate the merger agreement to enter into a definitive agreement with respect to a superior proposal. In that regard, the Twitter Board believed that the termination fee payable by Twitter in such instance was reasonable, consistent with or below similar fees payable in comparable transactions, and not preclusive of other offers.

○

The obligations of Parent, under certain circumstances, to take the actions necessary to consummate the merger, including to obtain required regulatory approvals or waivers on the terms set forth in the merger agreement.

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The limited conditions to Parent’s obligation to consummate the merger, making the merger reasonably likely to be consummated.

○

The reverse termination fee of $1,000,000,000 payable by Parent in certain circumstances, our ability to specifically enforce Parent’s and Mr. Musk’s obligations under the merger agreement in accordance with its terms and to cause the equity financing to be funded if the conditions to closing are satisfied and the debt financing is available, and the other remedies available to Twitter under the merger agreement, including monetary damages. The Twitter Board also considered the terms of the limited guarantee, which guarantees payment of the reverse termination fee.

○

The consummation of the merger not being subject to a financing condition. The Twitter Board also considered the terms of the (1) debt commitment letters, which commit the debt sources to lend a portion of the amounts needed by Parent to fund the transaction; and (2) equity commitment letter, which commit Mr. Musk to invest the balance of the amounts needed by Parent to fund the transaction (including Twitter’s third-party beneficiary rights to enforce Mr. Musk’s equity commitments under the equity commitment letter in accordance with its terms and the terms of the merger agreement).

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Reasonable Likelihood of Consummation. The belief of the Twitter Board that an acquisition by Mr. Musk has a reasonable likelihood of closing. In that regard, the Twitter Board considered Mr. Musk’s business reputation and financial resources, as well as those of Parent’s debt financing sources, which the Twitter Board believed increased the likelihood that the required debt and equity financing for the merger would be available.

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Appraisal Rights. The appraisal rights in connection with the merger available to our stockholders who timely and properly exercise such appraisal rights under the DGCL if certain conditions are met.

The Twitter Board also considered a number of uncertainties and risks and other potentially negative factors, including the following:

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No Stockholder Participation in Future Growth or Earnings. The nature of the merger as a cash transaction means that our stockholders will not participate in Twitter’s future earnings or growth and will not benefit from any appreciation in value of the surviving corporation. The Twitter Board considered the other potential alternative strategies available to Twitter as an independent company, which, despite significant uncertainty, had the potential to result in a more successful and valuable company.

•

No-Shop Restrictions. The restrictions in the merger agreement on Twitter’s ability to solicit competing transactions (subject to certain exceptions to allow the Twitter Board to exercise its fiduciary duties and to accept a superior proposal, and then only upon the payment of a termination fee).

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Risk Associated with Failure to Consummate the Merger. The possibility that the merger might not be consummated, and if it is not consummated, that: (1) Twitter’s directors, senior management and other employees will have expended extensive time and effort and will have experienced significant distractions from their work on behalf of Twitter during the pendency of the merger; (2) Twitter will have incurred significant transaction and other costs; (3) Twitter’s continuing business relationships with customers, business partners and employees may be adversely affected; (4) the trading price of our common stock could be adversely affected; (5) the contractual and legal remedies available to Twitter in the event of the breach or termination of the merger agreement may be insufficient, costly to pursue, or both; (6) the reverse termination fee of $1,000,000,000 payable by Parent to Twitter will not be available in

all instances in which the merger agreement is terminated and such reverse termination fee may not be sufficient to compensate Twitter for the damage suffered by its business as a result of the pendency of the merger or of the strategic initiatives forgone by Twitter during this period; and (7) the failure of the merger to be consummated could result in an adverse perception among our customers, potential customers, employees and investors about Twitter’s prospects.

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Regulatory Risks. The possibility that regulatory agencies may delay, object to, challenge or seek to enjoin the merger, or may seek to impose terms and conditions on their approvals that are not acceptable to Mr. Musk, notwithstanding his obligations under the merger agreement.

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Impact of Interim Restrictions on Twitter’s Business Pending the Completion of the Merger. The restrictions on the conduct of Twitter’s business prior to the consummation of the merger, which may delay or prevent us from undertaking strategic initiatives before the completion of the merger that, absent the merger agreement, we might have pursued, or from taking certain actions aimed at incentivizing and retaining our employees.

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Effects of the Merger Announcement. The effects of the public announcement of the merger, including the: (1) effects on our employees, customers, operating results and stock price; (2) impact on our ability to attract and retain key management, sales and marketing, and technical personnel; and (3) potential for litigation in connection with the merger.

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Termination Fee Payable by Twitter. The requirement that Twitter pay Parent a termination fee under certain circumstances following termination of the merger agreement, including if the Twitter Board terminates the merger agreement to accept a superior proposal. The Twitter Board considered the potentially discouraging impact that this termination fee could have on a third party’s interest in making a competing proposal to acquire Twitter.

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Taxable Consideration. The receipt of cash in exchange for shares of our common stock in the merger will be a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes for many Twitter stockholders.

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Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers. The interests that Twitter’s directors and executive officers may have in the merger, which may be different from, or in addition to, those of our other stockholders.

This discussion is not meant to be exhaustive. Rather, it summarizes the material reasons and factors evaluated by the Twitter Board in its consideration of the merger. After considering these and other factors, the Twitter Board concluded that the potential benefits of entering into the merger agreement outweighed the uncertainties and risks. In the light of the variety of factors considered by the Twitter Board and the complexity of these factors, the Twitter Board did not find it practicable to, and did not, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights, ranks or values to the foregoing factors in reaching its determination and recommendations. Moreover, each member of the Twitter Board applied his or her own personal business judgment to the process and may have assigned different relative weights, ranks or values to the different factors. The Twitter Board unanimously adopted and approved the merger agreement and the merger, and recommended that Twitter stockholders adopt the merger agreement, based upon the totality of the information presented to, and considered by, the Twitter Board.

Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

At a meeting of the Twitter Board held on April 25, 2022, Goldman Sachs rendered its oral opinion, subsequently confirmed by delivery of its written opinion, dated April 25, 2022, to the Twitter Board

that, as of the date of the written opinion and based upon and subject to limitations, qualifications and assumptions set forth therein, the $54.20 in cash per share of our common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Parent, Mr. Musk and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to such holders.

In connection with rendering its opinion, Goldman Sachs, among other things, reviewed:

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the merger agreement;

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annual reports to stockholders and Annual Reports on Form 10-K of Twitter for the five years ended December 31, 2021;

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certain interim reports to stockholders and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q of Twitter;

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certain publicly available research analyst reports for Twitter;

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certain other communications from Twitter to its stockholders; and

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certain internal financial analyses and forecasts for Twitter prepared by its management, as approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by Twitter, which are referred to in this section of this proxy statement as the “Forecasts” and summarized in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information.”

Goldman Sachs also held discussions with members of the senior management of Twitter regarding their assessment of the past and current business operations, financial condition and future prospects of Twitter; reviewed the reported price and trading activity for the Twitter common stock; compared certain financial and stock market information for Twitter with similar information for certain other companies the securities of which are publicly traded; reviewed the financial terms of certain recent business combinations in the internet industry; and performed such other studies and analyses, and considered such other factors, as it deemed appropriate.

For purposes of rendering this opinion, Goldman Sachs, with the consent of the Twitter Board, relied upon and assumed the accuracy and completeness of all of the financial, legal, regulatory, tax, accounting and other information provided to, discussed with or reviewed by it, without assuming any responsibility for independent verification thereof. In that regard, Goldman Sachs assumed, with the consent of the Twitter Board, that the Forecasts were reasonably prepared on a basis reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments of the management of Twitter. Goldman Sachs did not make an independent evaluation or appraisal of the assets and liabilities (including any contingent, derivative or other off-balance-sheet assets and liabilities) of Twitter or any of its subsidiaries and it was not furnished with any such evaluation or appraisal. Goldman Sachs assumed that all governmental, regulatory or other consents and approvals necessary for the consummation of the merger will be obtained without any adverse effect on the expected benefits of the merger in any way meaningful to its analysis. Goldman Sachs also assumed that the merger will be consummated on the terms set forth in the merger agreement, without the waiver or modification of any term or condition the effect of which would be in any way meaningful to its analysis.

Goldman Sachs’ opinion does not address the underlying business decision of Twitter to engage in the merger or the relative merits of the merger as compared to any strategic alternatives that may be available to Twitter; nor does it address any legal, regulatory, tax or accounting matters. Goldman Sachs was not requested to solicit, and did not solicit, interest from other parties with respect to an acquisition of, or other business combination with, Twitter or any other alternative transaction. Goldman Sachs’ opinion addresses only the fairness from a financial point of view, as of the date of the written opinion, of the $54.20 in cash per share of Twitter common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Parent, Mr. Musk and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement. Goldman Sachs’ opinion does not express any view on, and does not address, any other term or aspect of the merger agreement or the merger or any term or aspect of any other agreement or instrument contemplated by the merger agreement or entered into or amended in connection with the merger, including the fairness of the merger to, or any consideration received in connection therewith by, the holders of any other class of securities, creditors, or other constituencies of Twitter; nor as to the fairness of the amount or nature of any compensation to be paid or payable to any of the officers, directors or employees of Twitter, or class of such persons in connection with the merger, whether relative to the $54.20 in cash per share of Twitter common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Parent, Mr. Musk and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement or otherwise. Goldman Sachs did not express any opinion as to the prices at which shares of Twitter common stock will trade at any time, as to the potential effects of volatility in the credit, financial and stock markets on Twitter, Mr. Musk, Parent or the merger, or as to the impact of the merger on the solvency or viability of Twitter, Mr. Musk or Parent or the ability of Twitter, Mr. Musk or Parent to pay their respective obligations when they come due. Goldman Sachs’ opinion was necessarily based on economic, monetary, market and other conditions, as in effect on, and the information made available to it as of, the date of the opinion and Goldman Sachs assumed no responsibility for updating, revising or reaffirming its opinion based on circumstances, developments or events occurring after the date of its opinion. Goldman Sachs’ advisory services and its opinion were provided for the information and assistance of the Twitter Board in connection with its consideration of the merger and such opinion does not constitute a recommendation as to how a holder of shares of Twitter common stock should vote with respect to such transaction or any other matter. Goldman Sachs’ opinion was approved by a fairness committee of Goldman Sachs.

Summary of Material Financial Analysis

The following is a summary of the material financial analyses presented by Goldman Sachs to the Twitter Board in connection with rendering the opinion described above. The following summary, however, does not purport to be a complete description of the financial analyses performed by Goldman Sachs, nor does the order of analyses described represent relative importance or weight given to those analyses by Goldman Sachs. Some of the summaries of the financial analyses include information presented in tabular format. The tables must be read together with the full text of each summary and are alone not a complete description of Goldman Sachs’ financial analyses. Except as otherwise noted, the following quantitative information, to the extent that it is based on market data, is based on market data as it existed on or before April 22, 2022, the last trading day before the public announcement of the merger, and is not necessarily indicative of current market conditions.

Implied Premia Analysis

Goldman Sachs calculated and compared certain implied premia described below based on the $54.20 in cash per share of Twitter common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Parent, Mr. Musk and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement.

Goldman Sachs calculated the implied premia represented by the $54.20 in cash per share of Twitter common stock relative to:

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$39.31, the undisturbed closing price for Twitter common stock on April 1, 2022, the last trading day prior to the filing of the Schedule 13G filed by Elon Musk disclosing his ownership of Twitter common stock (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “Undisturbed Share Price”);

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$48.93, the closing price for Twitter common stock on April 22, 2022, the last full trading day prior to the signing of the merger agreement (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “Current Share Price”);

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$71.69, the highest closing trading price of the shares of Twitter common stock over the 52-week period ended April 22, 2022 (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “52-Week High”);

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$32.42, the lowest closing trading price of the shares of Twitter common stock over the 52-week period ended April 22, 2022 (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “52-Week Low”);

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$35.89, the volume weighted average price of Twitter common stock over the 30-trading-day period ended April 1, 2022 (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “30-day Undisturbed VWAP”); and

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$53.91, the average closing trading price of the shares of Twitter common stock over the 1-year period ended April 1, 2022 (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “1-year Undisturbed Average”).

The results of these calculations and comparisons were as follows:


Common Stock Reference Price	Implied Premium Represented by $54.20 in Cash per Share of Twitter Common Stock
Undisturbed Share Price of $39.31		38%
Current Share Price of $48.93		11%
52-Week High of $71.69		(24)%
52-Week Low $32.42		67%
30-day Undisturbed VWAP $35.89		51%
1-year Undisturbed Average of $53.91		1%

Illustrative Present Value of Future Share Price Analysis

Goldman Sachs performed an illustrative analysis of the implied present value of an illustrative future value per share of Twitter common stock, which is designed to provide an indication of the present value of a theoretical future value of Twitter’s equity as a function of Twitter’s financial multiples. For this analysis, Goldman Sachs used the Forecasts for each of the fiscal years 2022 to 2025. Goldman Sachs first calculated the implied future enterprise value of Twitter as of December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, by applying a range of enterprise value to one-year forward EBITDA estimates (which are referred to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “forward EV/EBITDA”) multiples of 15.0x to 17.5x to the EBITDA estimates contained in the Forecasts for each of Twitter’s fiscal years 2023, 2024 and 2025. These illustrative multiples were derived by Goldman Sachs utilizing its professional judgment and experience, taking into account, among other things, current and historical average forward EV/EBITDA multiples for Twitter and certain selected internet companies described in the section below captioned “—Selected Public Company Comparables.”

Goldman Sachs then added the amount of Twitter’s estimated total cash and cash equivalents and equity investments and subtracted the amount of Twitter’s estimated total debt, as of December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, each as provided by management of Twitter and approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by the management of Twitter, to the range of implied enterprise values to derive a range of illustrative equity values as of December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024. Goldman Sachs then divided these implied equity values by the projected number of fully diluted outstanding shares of Twitter, as provided by management of Twitter and approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by the management of Twitter, to derive a range of implied future equity values per share of Twitter common stock. Goldman Sachs then discounted these implied equity values per share to December 31, 2021, using an illustrative discount rate of 11.4 percent, reflecting an estimate of Twitter’s cost of equity. Goldman Sachs derived such discount rate by application of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “CAPM”), which requires certain company-specific inputs, including a beta for Twitter, as well as certain financial metrics for the United States financial markets generally. This analysis resulted in a range of implied present values per share of Twitter common stock, rounded to the nearest $0.10, of $45.50 to $60.10.

Illustrative Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

Using the Forecasts, Goldman Sachs performed an illustrative discounted cash flow analysis on Twitter to derive a range of illustrative present values per share of Twitter common stock. Using the mid-year convention for discounting cash flows and discount rates ranging from 10.0 to 12.0 percent, reflecting estimates of Twitter’s weighted average cost of capital, Goldman Sachs discounted to present value as of December 31, 2021 (i) estimates of unlevered free cash flow for Twitter for the fiscal years 2022 through 2027 as reflected in the Forecasts and referred to as Unlevered Free Cash Flow (less stock-based compensation expenses) in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information” and (ii) a range of illustrative terminal values for Twitter, which were calculated by applying illustrative exit terminal year EV/EBITDA multiples ranging from 10.0x to 15.0x to a terminal year estimate of EBITDA, as reflected in the Forecasts (which analysis implied perpetuity growth rates ranging from 5.6 to 9.0 percent). Goldman Sachs derived such discount rates by application of the CAPM, which requires certain company-specific inputs, including Twitter’s target capital structure weightings, the cost of long-term debt, after-tax yield on permanent excess cash, if any, future applicable marginal cash tax rate and a beta for Twitter, as well as certain financial metrics for the United States financial markets generally. The illustrative terminal year EV/EBITDA multiple range for Twitter was derived by Goldman Sachs using its professional judgment and experience, taking into account, among other things, current and historical average forward EV/EBITDA multiples for Twitter and certain selected internet companies described in the section below captioned “—Selected Public Company Comparables.” In addition, using discount rates ranging from 10.0 to 12.0 percent, reflecting estimates of Twitter’s weighted average cost of capital, Goldman Sachs discounted to present value as of December 31, 2021 the estimated benefits of Twitter’s net operating losses, as provided by the management of Twitter and approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by the management of Twitter.

Goldman Sachs derived a range of illustrative enterprise values for Twitter by adding the ranges of present values it derived as described above. Goldman Sachs then added to the range of illustrative enterprise values it derived for Twitter the amount of Twitter’s estimated total cash and cash equivalents and equity investments and subtracted the amount of Twitter’s estimated total debt as of December 31, 2021, adjusted for any subsequent publicly announced changes to those figures, as provided by the management of Twitter and approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by the management of Twitter, to derive a range of illustrative equity values for Twitter. Goldman Sachs then divided the range of illustrative equity values it derived by the number of fully diluted outstanding shares of Twitter as of March 31, 2022, as provided by the management of Twitter and approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by

the management of Twitter, to derive a range of illustrative present values per share of Twitter common stock, rounded to the nearest $0.10, of $39.10 to $60.90.

Selected Precedent Transactions Analysis

Goldman Sachs analyzed certain publicly available information relating to the following selected transactions involving companies with an enterprise value in excess of $1 billion in the internet industry since 2010. For each of the selected transactions, where information was publicly available, Goldman Sachs calculated and compared the implied enterprise value of the applicable target company based on the consideration paid in the transaction as a multiple of the target company’s EBITDA over the last twelve month period ended prior to the announcement of the applicable transaction (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “EV/LTM EBITDA”).

The following table identifies the transactions reviewed by Goldman Sachs as part of this analysis:


Announcement Date	Acquiror	Target	EV/LTM EBITDA
Feb 2021	Magnite, Inc.	SpotX, Inc.		33.4x
Jun 2020	Just Eat Takeaway.com N.V.	Grubhub Inc.		47.4x
Dec 2019	Hellman & Friedman LLC	AutoScout24		26.1x
May 2018	Silver Lake	ZPG Plc		21.5x
Jun 2016	Microsoft Corporation	LinkedIn Corporation		31.2x
Nov 2015	Expedia, Inc.	HomeAway, Inc.		36.4x
Aug 2015	Liberty Interactive Corporation	zulily, inc.		50.6x
Jul 2014	Zillow, Inc.	Trulia, Inc.		NM⁽¹	⁾
Jun 2014	The Priceline Group Inc.	OpenTable, Inc.		29.9x
Nov 2012	priceline.com Incorporated	KAYAK Software Corporation		27.6x
May 2011	Microsoft Corporation	Skype Global S. à r.l.		32.2x

(1)	Not meaningful

While none of the selected transactions or companies that participated in the selected transactions are directly comparable to the proposed merger of Twitter, the transactions included as selected transactions were chosen because the target companies that participated in the selected transactions are companies with operations that, for the purpose of this analysis, may be considered similar to certain of Twitter’s operations, market size and product profile.

The foregoing analysis indicated a 25th percentile EV/LTM EBITDA multiple of 28.2x and a 75th percentile EV/LTM EBITDA multiple of 35.7x. Using this analysis and its professional judgment and experience, Goldman Sachs applied a range of illustrative EV/EBITDA multiples of 28.2x to 35.7x to Twitter’s last twelve months Adjusted EBITDA (adjusted to exclude a one-time litigation-related net charge of $766 million) as of December 31, 2021, as provided by the management of Twitter and approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by the management of Twitter, to derive a range of implied enterprise values for Twitter. Goldman Sachs then added to the range of implied enterprise values the amount of Twitter’s estimated total cash and cash equivalents and equity investments and subtracted the amount of Twitter’s estimated total debt, as of December 31, 2021, adjusted for any subsequent publicly announced changes to those figures, as provided by the management of Twitter and approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by the management of Twitter, to derive a range of illustrative equity values for Twitter. Goldman Sachs divided the range of illustrative equity values by the number of fully diluted outstanding shares of Twitter as of March 31, 2022, as provided by the management of Twitter and approved for Goldman Sachs’ use by the management of Twitter, to derive a range of implied values per share of Twitter common stock, rounded to the nearest $0.10, of $50.30 to $62.90.

Premia Paid Analysis

Goldman Sachs reviewed and analyzed, using publicly available information, the acquisition premia for 149 all-cash acquisition transactions announced from January 2012 through April 2022, involving a public technology, media, or telecommunication company based in the United States as the target where the disclosed enterprise value for the transaction was greater than $1 billion. For the entire period, using publicly available information, Goldman Sachs calculated the median, 25th percentile and 75th percentile premia of the price paid in the transactions relative to the target’s last undisturbed closing stock price prior to announcement of the transaction. This analysis indicated a median premium of 29 percent across the period. This analysis also indicated a 25th percentile premium of 18 percent and a 75th percentile premium of 44 percent across the period. Using this analysis and its professional judgment and experience, Goldman Sachs applied a reference range of illustrative premia of 18 to 44 percent to the undisturbed closing price per share of Twitter common stock of $39.31 as of April 1, 2022 and calculated a range of implied values per share of Twitter common stock, rounded to the nearest $0.10, of $46.40 to $56.60.

Selected Public Company Comparables

Using publicly available information, Goldman Sachs reviewed and compared forward EV/EBITDA multiples for Twitter and the following publicly traded corporations in the internet industry, which are collectively referred to as the “selected companies”:

•

Alphabet Inc.

•

Meta Platforms, Inc.

•

Pinterest, Inc.

•

Snap Inc.

Although none of the selected companies is directly comparable to Twitter, the companies included were chosen because they are publicly traded companies in the internet industry with certain operations that for purposes of analysis may be considered similar to certain operations of Twitter.

Goldman Sachs calculated the average multiple of enterprise value to EBITDA for the next twelve-month period (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “NTM EBITDA”), for each of Twitter and the selected companies over the 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year and 3-year periods prior to April 22, 2022, based on financial and trading data as of April 22, 2022 obtained from public filings, Bloomberg, Capital IQ and Institutional Brokers’ Estimate System (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “IBES”) estimates. The results of this analysis are summarized as follows:

EV/NTM EBITDA

Averages Over Periods Prior to April 22, 2022

3-Month

6-Month⁽¹⁾

1-Year⁽¹⁾

2-Year⁽¹⁾

3-Year⁽¹⁾

Alphabet Inc.

13.3x

14.3x

15.0x

14.6x

13.5x

Meta Platforms, Inc.

9.0x

10.8x

12.3x

13.4x

12.8x

Pinterest, Inc.

17.5x

21.3x

35.2x

—

Snap Inc.

57.3x

—

Twitter

20.6x

22.3x

27.2x

28.4x

25.1x

(1)	Average multiples excluded if respective company does not have meaningful trading data for the entire period.

Goldman Sachs also calculated and compared the current forward EV/EBITDA multiples for Twitter, based on the Forecasts and based on IBES estimates, and the selected companies for calendar years 2022 and 2023, based on financial and trading data as of April 22, 2022 obtained from public filings, Bloomberg, Capital IQ and IBES estimates. The forward EV/EBITDA multiples for Twitter were calculated using the undisturbed closing price per share of Twitter common stock on April 1, 2022. The results of this analysis are summarized as follows:


	2022E EV/EBITDA		2023E EV/EBITDA
Alphabet Inc.		12.0x		10.4x
Meta Platforms, Inc.		7.8x		6.7x
Pinterest, Inc.		16.2x		11.2x
Snap Inc.		62.8x		30.2x
Twitter (based on the Forecasts)		19.6x		11.7x
Twitter (based on IBES Estimates)		21.8x		16.9x

General

The preparation of a fairness opinion is a complex process and is not necessarily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. Selecting portions of the analyses or of the summary set forth above, without considering the analyses as a whole, could create an incomplete view of the processes underlying Goldman Sachs’ opinion. In arriving at its fairness determination, Goldman Sachs considered the results of all of its analyses and did not attribute any particular weight to any factor or analysis considered by it. Rather, Goldman Sachs made its determination as to fairness on the basis of its experience and professional judgment after considering the results of all of its analyses. No company or transaction used in the above analyses as a comparison is directly comparable to Twitter or the merger.

Goldman Sachs prepared these analyses for purposes of Goldman Sachs’ providing its opinion to the Twitter Board as to the fairness from a financial point of view of the $54.20 in cash per share of Twitter common stock to be paid to the holders (other than Parent, Mr. Musk and their respective affiliates) of such shares pursuant to the merger agreement. These analyses do not purport to be appraisals nor do they necessarily reflect the prices at which businesses or securities actually may be sold. Analyses based upon forecasts of future results are not necessarily indicative of actual future results, which may be significantly more or less favorable than suggested by these analyses. Because these analyses are inherently subject to uncertainty, being based upon numerous factors or events beyond the control of the parties or their respective advisors, none of Twitter, Parent, Goldman Sachs or any other person assumes responsibility if future results are materially different from those forecast.

The merger consideration was determined through arm’s-length negotiations between Twitter and Parent and was approved by the Twitter Board. Goldman Sachs provided advice to Twitter during these negotiations. Goldman Sachs did not, however, recommend any specific amount of consideration to Twitter or the Twitter Board or that any specific amount of consideration constituted the only appropriate consideration for the merger.

As described above, Goldman Sachs’ opinion to the Twitter Board was one of many factors taken into consideration by the Twitter Board in making its determination to approve the merger agreement. The foregoing summary does not purport to be a complete description of the analyses performed by Goldman Sachs in connection with the fairness opinion and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the written opinion of Goldman Sachs attached as Annex C.

Goldman Sachs and its affiliates are engaged in advisory, underwriting and financing, principal investing, sales and trading, research, investment management and other financial and non-financial activities and services for various persons and entities. Goldman Sachs and its affiliates and employees, and funds or other entities they manage or in which they invest or have other economic interests or with which they co-invest, may at any time purchase, sell, hold or vote long or short positions and investments in securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit default swaps and other financial instruments of Twitter, affiliates of Mr. Musk, Parent, any of their respective affiliates and third parties, or any currency or commodity that may be involved in the merger. Goldman Sachs acted as financial advisor to Twitter in connection with, and participated in certain of the negotiations leading to, the merger. Goldman Sachs has provided certain financial advisory and/or underwriting services to Twitter and its affiliates from time to time for which the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs has received, and may receive, compensation, including having acted as an initial purchaser with respect to the offering of Twitter’s 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 in March 2021 (aggregate principal amount of approximately $1.4 billion) (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “convertible notes”) and as an initial purchaser with respect to the offering of Twitter’s 5.000% Senior Notes due 2030 in February 2022 (aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion). During the two year period ended April 25, 2022, Goldman Sachs has recognized compensation for financial advisory and/or underwriting services provided by its Investment Banking Division to Twitter and/or its affiliates of approximately $7.4 million. Goldman Sachs also has provided certain financial advisory and/or underwriting services to Elon Musk and/or his affiliates from time to time for which the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs has received, and may receive, compensation, including having acted as lead left bookrunner of follow-on public offerings by Tesla, Inc., an affiliate of Elon Musk, in September 2020 and December 2020. During the two year period ended April 25, 2022, Goldman Sachs has recognized compensation for financial advisory and/or underwriting services provided by its Investment Banking Division to Elon Musk and/or his affiliates of approximately $5.8 million. Goldman Sachs may also in the future provide financial advisory and/or underwriting services to Twitter, Elon Musk, Parent and their respective affiliates for which the Investment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs may receive compensation.

In addition, concurrent with the issuance of the convertible notes, Twitter entered into convertible note hedge transactions and warrant transactions (which we collectively refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “convertible note hedge and warrant transactions”) with respect to the convertible notes, with Goldman Sachs (as to 25 percent) and other counterparties (which we collectively refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “convertible note hedge and warrant counterparties”), each acting as a principal for its own account. The convertible note hedge and warrant transactions consisted of the purchase by Twitter of call options, and the sale by Twitter of warrants, with respect to collectively approximately 11.1 million shares of Twitter common stock, the aggregate number of shares of Twitter common stock underlying the convertible notes.

As of March 16, 2022, all of the convertible note hedge transactions remain outstanding with a strike price of approximately $130.03, and are exercisable upon conversion of the convertible notes. The convertible notes hedge transactions were intended to generally reduce the potential dilutive effect on stockholders of Twitter of the conversion of the convertible notes and/or offset any potential cash payment in excess of the principal amount of the convertible notes that Twitter may make in the event that the market value per share of Twitter common stock, as measured under the convertible notes hedge transactions at the time of exercise, is greater than the exercise price of the call options purchased by Twitter in the convertible notes hedge transactions. The warrant transactions provide Goldman Sachs with warrants on shares of Twitter common stock, the value of which depends on the price of Twitter common stock exceeding the strike price of the warrants. As of March 16, 2022, all of the warrant transactions remain outstanding with a strike price of approximately $163.02. If the market value per share of Twitter common stock, as measured under the warrant transactions, exceeds the

strike price of the warrants, the warrant transactions will have a dilutive effect on Twitter’s earnings per share, unless Twitter elects, subject to certain conditions, to settle the warrant transactions in cash.

The convertible note hedge and warrant transactions may be adjusted, exercised, cancelled and/or terminated in accordance with their terms in connection with certain events, including the announcement or consummation of the merger. In particular, under the terms of the convertible note hedge transactions, each of Goldman Sachs and the other convertible note hedge counterparties, each acting separately as calculation agent under the convertible note hedge transactions to which it is a party, is entitled or obligated in certain circumstances to make adjustments to the exercise price of the call options purchased by Twitter from Goldman Sachs and the other counterparties to reflect the adjustments made under the convertible notes indenture or the economic effect of the announcement of the merger on the call options embedded in the convertible note hedge. Under the terms of the warrant transactions, each of Goldman Sachs and the other warrant counterparties, each acting separately as calculation agent under the warrant transactions to which it is a party, is entitled or obligated in certain circumstances to make adjustments to the exercise price of the warrants sold by Twitter to Goldman Sachs and the other counterparties to reflect certain adjustments under the ISDA equity definitions, including adjustments to account for the economic effect of the announcement of the merger on the warrants embedded in the warrant transactions. In addition, each of Goldman Sachs and the other convertible note hedge and warrant counterparties may, each acting separately as the calculation agent, determining party or otherwise as principal under the call options and warrants embedded in the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions to which it is a party, determine such additional adjustments and/or value owed upon termination or cancellation in respect of such options and warrants, respectively, in accordance with their terms, including on or following consummation or abandonment of the merger. All actions or exercises of judgment by Goldman Sachs, in its capacity as calculation agent, pursuant to the terms of the call options and warrants embedded in the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions to which it is a party, must be performed in good faith and a commercially reasonable manner.

As a result of the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions, the convertible note hedge and warrant counterparties are expected to have market exposure to the price of the shares of Twitter common stock. It is the ordinary practice of the convertible note hedge and warrant counterparties to engage in hedging activities to limit their respective market exposure to the price of the stock underlying privately negotiated equity derivative transactions with issuers of such stock, such as the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions. In connection with the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions, Goldman Sachs (and its affiliates) have engaged, and will continue to engage, in accordance with applicable law in hedging and other market transactions (which may include the entering into or unwinding of various derivative transactions with respect to Twitter common stock) that are generally intended to substantially neutralize Goldman Sachs’ exposure as a result of the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions to changes in the price of Twitter common stock. Such hedging activity is at Goldman Sachs’ own risk and may result in a gain or loss to Goldman Sachs that may be greater than or less than the initial expected contractual benefit to Goldman Sachs under the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions. The amount of any such gain or loss will not be known until the applicable convertible note hedge and warrant transactions have been exercised, expired or terminated in accordance with their terms and Goldman Sachs shall have completed all of its hedge unwind activities.

To mitigate the exposure from the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions, as of March 16, 2022, Goldman Sachs held a net long economic position of approximately 90,000 shares of Twitter common stock and was long and short a small number of various options on Twitter common stock.

Under the terms of the convertible notes, upon the consummation of a merger, tender offer or certain other events involving Twitter (including the merger), holders of the convertible notes will be entitled to

convert their notes at a higher conversion rate. If holders of the convertible notes elect to convert or put their notes in these circumstances or otherwise under the terms of the convertible notes, a portion of the convertible note hedge corresponding to the portion of the convertible notes that are converted or put may terminate. In the event of such termination, each convertible note hedge counterparty will determine the amount of any termination payment owed to Twitter under its convertible note hedge in accordance with the termination provisions of its convertible note hedge, unless otherwise agreed by the parties. If any convertible notes are not converted or put in connection with a merger, tender offer or other event involving Twitter (including the merger) and remain outstanding following the consummation of such an event, a corresponding portion of the convertible note hedge will remain outstanding, subject to any adjustments made to the terms of the convertible note hedge as a result of the announcement and the consummation of a merger, tender offer or other event involving Twitter (including the merger), as described above. Warrant transactions are also subject to adjustments made to the terms of the warrant transactions as a result of the announcement and the consummation of a merger, tender offer or other event involving Twitter (including the merger), as described above.

Goldman Sachs provided to the management of Twitter, for the information of the Twitter Board, materials that summarized, based on theoretical models, the potential effects of the announcement and of the consummation of an acquisition of Twitter on the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions. The materials included preliminary illustrative analyses by Goldman Sachs’ Investment Banking Division for a range of stated assumptions regarding takeout prices for shares of Twitter common stock and volatilities, as well as based on other reasonable assumptions (which will ultimately be subject to negotiation between Twitter and counterparties), in the event of an acquisition of Twitter for greater than 10 percent cash consideration. The materials calculated over a range of potential takeout prices for the shares of Twitter common stock ranging from $50.00 per share to $70.00 per share and volatilities (from 30 to 60 percent) and for an announcement date of April 13, 2022, and other stated assumptions that, upon the full unwind of the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions, Goldman Sachs might realize, after taking into account any estimated hedging gains or losses, a net gain ranging from approximately $4.6 million (assuming a takeout price of $50.00 and a volatility of 30 percent). to approximately $56.1 million (assuming a takeout price of $70.00 and a volatility of 60 percent). The methodology employed for the aforementioned calculations assumed an intrinsic unwind of the note hedge transaction and fair value unwind of the warrant contract. The illustrative net gain indicated by these analyses varied depending on the assumed takeout price and the assumed volatility of the Twitter common stock, primarily as a result of the impact of changes in these assumptions on the fair value of the warrant contract. The illustrative net gain indicated by these analyses for any specific assumed takeout price increased with an increase in assumed volatility, and the illustrative net gain indicated by these analyses for any specific assumed volatility increased with an increase in the assumed takeout price. In accordance with industry practice, Goldman Sachs maintains customary institutional information barriers reasonably designed to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information by personnel in its Investment Banking Division to the personnel in its Securities Division who are undertaking hedging and other market transactions with respect to Goldman Sachs’ convertible note hedge and warrant transactions. In connection with the preparation of presentations to Twitter senior management and the Twitter Board, personnel in Goldman Sachs’ Investment Banking Division, including the representatives of Goldman Sachs who have advised Twitter in connection with the merger, from time to time, have received or may receive input from personnel in Goldman Sachs’ Securities Division into how to model, or reports of historical measures or estimates of, Goldman Sachs’ and/or Goldman Sachs’ Investment Banking Division’s profit and/or loss over certain measurement periods related to the call spread transactions.

The amount of any termination payment owed to Twitter as a result of the termination of the convertible note hedge transactions will vary depending on the number of convertible notes converted by note-holders, the actual conversion date(s) of the convertible notes, and market conditions (including, for example, interest rates and volatility and price of Twitter common stock) and the valuation model used

to determine such amount and, accordingly, the amount of any termination payment owed by a convertible note hedge counterparty to Twitter may be significantly different from the illustrative amounts described above. The amount of any termination payment owed to Goldman Sachs as a result of the termination of the warrant transactions will vary depending on market conditions (including, for example, interest rates and volatility and price of Twitter common stock) and the valuation model used to determine such amount and, accordingly, the amount of any termination payment owed by Twitter to a warrant counterparty may be significantly different from the illustrative amounts described above. The consummation of the merger could result in a convertible note hedge and warrant counterparty, in aggregate, paying Twitter an amount that is greater than, equal to, or less than the amount such convertible note hedge and warrant counterparty would have paid or delivered to Twitter upon exercise, expiration or termination of its convertible note hedge and warrant transaction in the absence of the merger.

The indenture governing the convertible notes and the confirmations containing the terms of the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions were included as exhibits to Twitter’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2021, which contains additional disclosure regarding the convertible notes and a description of the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions. All references related to the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions in this section to share counts, conversion prices, and strike prices are subject to adjustment from time to time in accordance with the terms of the confirmations relating to the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions.

The Twitter Board selected Goldman Sachs as its financial advisor because it is an internationally recognized investment banking firm that has substantial experience in transactions similar to the merger. Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 25, 2022, Twitter engaged Goldman Sachs to act as its financial advisor in connection with the merger. The engagement letter between Twitter and Goldman Sachs provides for a transaction fee that is estimated, based on the information available as of the date of announcement, at approximately $80 million, $15 million of which became payable at announcement of the merger, and the reminder of which is contingent upon consummation of the merger. In addition, Twitter has agreed to reimburse Goldman Sachs for certain of its expenses, including attorneys’ fees and disbursements, and to indemnify Goldman Sachs and related persons against various liabilities, including certain liabilities under the federal securities laws.

Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

Pursuant to an engagement letter, Twitter retained J.P. Morgan as its financial advisor in connection with the proposed merger.

At the meeting of the Twitter Board on April 25, 2022, J.P. Morgan rendered its oral opinion to the Twitter Board that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the factors and assumptions set forth in its opinion, the consideration to be paid to Twitter’s common stockholders in the proposed transaction was fair, from a financial point of view, to such stockholders. J.P. Morgan has confirmed its April 25, 2022 oral opinion by delivering its written opinion to the Twitter Board, dated April 25, 2022, that, as of such date, the consideration to be paid to Twitter’s common stockholders in the proposed merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to such stockholders.

merger, was directed only to the $54.20 per share in cash to be paid to holders of Twitter common stock pursuant to the merger agreement and did not address any other aspect of the merger. J.P. Morgan expressed no opinion as to the fairness of the consideration to the holders of any class of securities, creditors or other constituencies of Twitter or as to the underlying decision by Twitter to engage in the proposed merger. The issuance of J.P. Morgan’s opinion was approved by a fairness committee of J.P. Morgan. The summary of the opinion of J.P. Morgan set forth in this proxy statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such opinion. The opinion does not constitute a recommendation to any stockholder of Twitter as to how such stockholder should vote with respect to the proposed merger or any other matter.

In arriving at its opinion, J.P. Morgan, among other things:

•

reviewed the merger agreement;

•

reviewed certain publicly available business and financial information concerning Twitter and the industries in which it operates;

•

compared the proposed financial terms of the merger with the publicly available financial terms of certain transactions involving companies J.P. Morgan deemed relevant and the consideration paid for such companies;

•

compared the financial and operating performance of Twitter with publicly available information concerning certain other companies J.P. Morgan deemed relevant and reviewed the current and historical market prices of the Twitter common stock and certain publicly traded securities of such other companies;

•

reviewed certain internal financial analyses and forecasts prepared by the management of Twitter relating to its business; and

•

performed such other financial studies and analyses and considered such other information as J.P. Morgan deemed appropriate for the purposes of its opinion.

In addition, J.P. Morgan held discussions with certain members of the management of Twitter with respect to certain aspects of the merger, and the past and current business operations of Twitter, the financial condition and future prospects and operations of Twitter, and certain other matters J.P. Morgan believed necessary or appropriate to its inquiry.

In giving its opinion, J.P. Morgan relied upon and assumed the accuracy and completeness of all information that was publicly available or was furnished to or discussed with J.P. Morgan by Twitter or otherwise reviewed by or for J.P. Morgan, and J.P. Morgan did not independently verify (and did not assume responsibility or liability for independently verifying) any such information or its accuracy or completeness. J.P. Morgan did not conduct and was not provided with any valuation or appraisal of any assets or liabilities, nor did J.P. Morgan evaluate the solvency of Twitter or Parent under any state or federal laws relating to bankruptcy, insolvency or similar matters. In relying on financial analyses and forecasts provided to J.P. Morgan or derived therefrom, J.P. Morgan assumed that they were reasonably prepared based on assumptions reflecting the best currently available estimates and judgments by management as to the expected future results of operations and financial condition of Twitter to which such analyses or forecasts relate. J.P. Morgan expressed no view as to such analyses or forecasts or the assumptions on which they were based. J.P. Morgan also assumed that the merger and the other transactions contemplated by the merger agreement will be consummated as described in the merger agreement. J.P. Morgan also assumed that the representations and warranties made by

100

Twitter and Parent in the merger agreement and the related agreements were and will be true and correct in all respects material to its analysis. J.P. Morgan is not a legal, regulatory or tax expert and relied on the assessments made by advisors to Twitter with respect to such issues. J.P. Morgan further assumed that all material governmental, regulatory or other consents and approvals necessary for the consummation of the merger will be obtained without any adverse effect on Twitter or on the contemplated benefits of the merger.

The projections furnished to J.P. Morgan were prepared by Twitter’s management, as discussed more fully in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information.” Twitter does not publicly disclose internal long-term forecasts or management projections of the type provided to J.P. Morgan in connection with J.P. Morgan’s analysis of the proposed merger, and such projections were not prepared with a view toward public disclosure. These projections were based on numerous variables and assumptions that are inherently uncertain and may be beyond the control of Twitter’s management, including, without limitation, factors related to general economic and competitive conditions and prevailing interest rates. Accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from those set forth in such projections. For more information regarding the use of projections and other forward-looking statements, please refer to the section captioned “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information.”

J.P. Morgan’s opinion was necessarily based on economic, market and other conditions as in effect on, and the information made available to J.P. Morgan as of, the date of such opinion. J.P. Morgan’s opinion noted that subsequent developments may affect J.P. Morgan’s opinion, and that J.P. Morgan does not have any obligation to update, revise, or reaffirm such opinion. J.P. Morgan’s opinion is limited to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of the $54.20 per share in cash to be paid to holders of Twitter common stock in the transaction pursuant to the merger agreement, and J.P. Morgan has expressed no opinion as to the fairness of any consideration to the holders of any other class of securities, creditors or other constituencies of Twitter or the underlying decision by Twitter to engage in the merger. Furthermore, J.P. Morgan expressed no opinion with respect to the amount or nature of any compensation to any officers, directors, or employees of any party to the proposed merger, or any class of such persons relative to the consideration in the proposed merger or with respect to the fairness of any such compensation. J.P. Morgan expressed no opinion as to the price at which Twitter’s common stock will trade at any future time.

J.P. Morgan was not authorized and did not solicit any expressions of interest from any other parties with respect to the sale of all or any part of Twitter or any other alternative transaction.

The terms of the merger agreement, including the merger consideration, were determined through arm’s length negotiations between Twitter, Elon Musk and Parent, and the decision to enter into the merger agreement was solely that of the Twitter Board. J.P. Morgan’s opinion and financial analyses were only one of the many factors considered by the Twitter Board in its evaluation of the proposed merger and should not be viewed as determinative of the views of the Twitter Board or management with respect to the proposed merger or the $54.20 per share in cash to be paid to holders of Twitter common stock pursuant to the merger agreement.

In accordance with customary investment banking practice, J.P. Morgan employed generally accepted valuation methodology in rendering its opinion to the Twitter Board on April 25, 2022 and in the financial analyses presented to the Twitter Board on such date in connection with the rendering of such opinion. The following is a summary of the material financial analyses utilized by J.P. Morgan in connection with rendering its opinion to the Twitter Board and does not purport to be a complete description of the analyses or data presented by J.P. Morgan. Some of the summaries of the financial analyses include information presented in tabular format. The tables are not intended to stand alone, and in order to more fully understand the financial analyses used by J.P. Morgan, the tables must be

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read together with the full text of each summary. Considering the data set forth below without considering the full narrative description of the financial analyses, including the methodologies and assumptions underlying the analyses, could create a misleading or incomplete view of J.P. Morgan’s analyses.

Public Trading Multiples

Using publicly available information, J.P. Morgan compared selected financial data of Twitter with similar data for selected publicly traded companies engaged in businesses which J.P. Morgan judged to be analogous to the business of Twitter. The companies selected by J.P. Morgan (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “selected companies”) were:

•

Alphabet Inc.

•

Meta Platforms, Inc.

•

Pinterest, Inc.

•

Snap Inc.

The selected companies were chosen, among other reasons, because they are publicly traded companies with operations and businesses that, for purposes of J.P. Morgan’s analyses, may be considered sufficiently similar to those of Twitter based on business sector participation, operational characteristics and financial metrics. However, none of the selected companies reviewed is identical to Twitter and certain of these companies have financial and operating characteristics that are materially different from those of Twitter. The analyses necessarily involve complex considerations and judgments concerning differences in financial and operational characteristics of the companies involved and other factors that could affect the companies differently than they would affect Twitter.

Using information obtained from the selected companies’ public filings and FactSet Research Systems as of April 22, 2022, J.P. Morgan calculated, for each selected company, the ratio of such company’s firm value (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “FV”) to the consensus equity research analyst estimates for the company’s adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization pre-stock based compensation (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as “Adj. EBITDA”) for the year ending December 31, 2023 (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “FV/2023E Adj. EBITDA”). The results of this analysis are indicated in the following table:


		FV/2023E Adj. EBITDA
Alphabet Inc.		10.4 x
Meta Platforms, Inc.		6.7 x
Pinterest, Inc.		11.2 x
Snap Inc.		30.2 x
Median		10.8 x

Based on the results of the above analysis and on other factors J.P. Morgan considered appropriate based on their experience and professional judgment, J.P. Morgan selected a FV/2023E Adj. EBITDA multiple reference range for Twitter of 15.0x to 17.5x. J.P. Morgan then applied that range to Twitter’s adjusted EBITDA of $2,685 million forecasted for the year ending December 31, 2023, as provided by Twitter management, yielding implied trading values for Twitter’s common stock, rounded to the nearest $0.10, of approximately $49.70 to $57.50 per share.

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Selected Transaction Multiples Analysis

Using publicly available information, J.P. Morgan reviewed selected transactions since 2009 in excess of $1 billion involving companies that engaged in businesses that J.P. Morgan judged to be reasonably analogous to the business of Twitter or aspects thereof. None of the selected transactions reviewed was identical to the merger contemplated by the merger agreement. Certain of these transactions may have characteristics that are materially different from those of the merger. However, the selected transactions were chosen because certain aspects of the transactions, for purposes of J.P. Morgan’s analysis, may be considered similar to the merger. The analyses necessarily involve complex considerations and judgments concerning differences in financial and operational characteristics of the companies involved and other factors that could affect the transactions differently than they would affect the merger. For each of the selected transactions, using publicly available information, J.P. Morgan calculated the multiple of the target company’s firm value implied in the relevant transaction by the consideration paid in such transaction to the target company’s Adj. EBITDA for the 12-month period immediately preceding the announcement of the applicable transaction (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “FV/LTM Adj. EBITDA”). Specifically, J.P. Morgan reviewed the following transactions:


Announcement Date	Acquiror	Target	FV/LTM Adj. EBITDA
Feb 2021	Magnite, Inc.	SpotX, Inc.	33.4 x
Jun 2020	Just Eat Takeaway.com N.V.	Grubhub Inc.	47.4
Dec 2019	Hellman & Friedman LLC	AutoScout24	26.1
May 2018	Silver Lake	ZPG Plc	21.5
Jun 2016	Microsoft Corporation	LinkedIn Corporation	31.2
Nov 2015	Expedia, Inc.	HomeAway, Inc.	36.4
Aug 2015	Liberty Media Corporation	zulily, inc.	50.6
Jul 2014	Zillow, Inc.	Trulia, Inc.	nm
Jun 2014	The Priceline Group Inc.	OpenTable, Inc.	29.9
Nov 2012	priceline.com Incorporated	KAYAK Software Corporation	27.6
May 2011	Microsoft Corporation	Skype S. à r.l	32.2

Based on the results of this analysis and other factors that J.P. Morgan considered appropriate based on their experience and professional judgment, J.P. Morgan selected a FV/LTM Adj. EBITDA multiple reference range of 28.0x to 36.0x. J.P. Morgan then applied that reference range to Twitter’s adjusted EBITDA of $1,448 million (which is adjusted to exclude a one-time litigation-related net charge of $766 million) for the year ended December 31, 2021, to produce a range of implied equity values per share of Twitter common stock, rounded to the nearest $0.10, of $50.00 to $63.40.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

J.P. Morgan conducted a discounted cash flow analysis for the purpose of determining the fully diluted equity value per share for Twitter’s common stock. A discounted cash flow analysis is a method of evaluating an asset using estimates of the future unlevered free cash flows generated by the asset and taking into consideration the time value of money with respect to those future cash flows by calculating their “present value.” The “unlevered free cash flows,” for purposes of the discounted cash flow analysis, refers to a calculation of the future cash flows generated by an asset without including in such calculation any debt servicing costs. “Present value” refers to the current value of the future cash flows generated by the asset, and is obtained by discounting those cash flows back to the present using a discount rate that takes into account macro-economic assumptions and estimates of risk, the cost of capital and other appropriate factors. “Terminal value” refers to the present value of all future cash flows generated by the asset for periods beyond the projections period.

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J.P. Morgan calculated the unlevered free cash flows that Twitter is expected to generate during fiscal years 2022 through 2027 based upon financial projections prepared by Twitter’s management through the year ended December 31, 2027 and more fully described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Unaudited Prospective Financial Information.” J.P. Morgan also calculated a range of terminal values for Twitter by applying terminal growth rates ranging from 6.0 to 7.0 percent to the unlevered free cash flows of Twitter at the end of fiscal year 2027. The unlevered free cash flows and the range of terminal values were then discounted to present values using a range of discount rates from 10.25 to 11.25 percent, which was chosen by J.P. Morgan based upon an analysis of the cost of capital of Twitter, which takes into account certain company-specific metrics, including Twitter’s target capital structure, the cost of equity, the pre-tax cost of debt, long-term debt, forecasted tax rate and predicted (Barra) beta.

In addition, as directed by the management of Twitter, J.P. Morgan calculated the present value of certain tax credits expected to be utilized by Twitter through fiscal year 2027, which were discounted from June 30 of each year to present values as of December 31, 2021 using the same mid-year convention and a discount range of 10.25 to 11.25 percent. The total tax credit utilization amounts provided by management of Twitter were $0 million, $689 million, $934 million, $1,226 million, $127 million and $0 million for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2027, respectively. The present values were then added together with the present values derived based on the unlevered free cash flows to derive a range of firm values for Twitter, which was then adjusted to take into account Twitter’s net cash totaling $1,364 million in the aggregate as of December 31, 2021 to derive a range of implied equity values for Twitter.

Based on the results of this analysis, J.P. Morgan arrived at a range of implied equity value per share for Twitter common stock, rounded to the nearest $0.10, of $36.50 to $57.60.

Miscellaneous

The foregoing summary of certain material financial analyses does not purport to be a complete description of the analyses or data presented by J.P. Morgan. The preparation of a fairness opinion is a complex process and is not necessarily susceptible to partial analysis or summary description. J.P. Morgan believes that the foregoing summary and its analyses must be considered as a whole and that selecting portions of the foregoing summary and these analyses, without considering all of its analyses as a whole, could create an incomplete view of the processes underlying the analyses and its opinion. As a result, the ranges of valuations resulting from any particular analysis or combination of analyses described above were merely utilized to create points of reference for analytical purposes and should not be taken to be the view of J.P. Morgan with respect to the actual value of Twitter. The order of analyses described does not represent the relative importance or weight given to those analyses by J.P. Morgan. In arriving at its opinion, J.P. Morgan did not attribute any particular weight to any analyses or factors considered by it and did not form an opinion as to whether any individual analysis or factor (positive or negative), considered in isolation, supported or failed to support its opinion. Rather, J.P. Morgan considered the totality of the factors and analyses performed in determining its opinion.

Analyses based upon forecasts of future results are inherently uncertain, as they are subject to numerous factors or events beyond the control of the parties and their advisors. Accordingly, forecasts and analyses used or made by J.P. Morgan are not necessarily indicative of actual future results, which may be significantly more or less favorable than suggested by those analyses. Moreover, J.P. Morgan’s analyses are not and do not purport to be appraisals or otherwise reflective of the prices at which businesses actually could be acquired or sold. None of the selected companies reviewed as described in the above summary is identical to Twitter, and none of the selected transactions reviewed was identical to the merger. However, the companies selected were chosen because they are publicly traded companies with operations and businesses that, for purposes of J.P. Morgan’s analysis, may be

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considered similar to those of Twitter. The transactions selected were similarly chosen because their participants, size and other factors, for purposes of J.P. Morgan’s analysis, may be considered similar to the merger. The analyses necessarily involve complex considerations and judgments concerning differences in financial and operational characteristics of the companies involved and other factors that could affect the companies compared to Twitter and the transactions compared to the merger.

As a part of its investment banking business, J.P. Morgan and its affiliates are continually engaged in the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with mergers and acquisitions, investments for passive and control purposes, negotiated underwritings, secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements, and valuations for corporate and other purposes. J.P. Morgan was selected to advise Twitter with respect to the merger and deliver an opinion to the Twitter Board with respect to the merger on the basis of, among other things, such experience and its qualifications and reputation in connection with such matters and its familiarity with Twitter and the industries in which it operates.

For services rendered in connection with the merger and the delivery of the opinion, Twitter has agreed to pay J.P. Morgan a fee of approximately $53,000,000, of which $5,000,000 became payable upon delivery of the opinion and the remainder of which is contingent and payable only upon the closing of the merger. In addition, Twitter has agreed to reimburse J.P. Morgan for its expenses incurred in connection with its services, including the fees and disbursements of counsel, and will indemnify J.P. Morgan against certain liabilities arising out of J.P. Morgan’s engagement. During the two years preceding the date of J.P. Morgan’s opinion, J.P. Morgan and its affiliates have had commercial or investment banking relationships with Twitter for which J.P. Morgan and such affiliates have received customary compensation. Such services during such period have included acting as joint lead bookrunner on Twitter’s offerings of convertible debt securities in March 2021 and senior debt securities in February 2022. In addition, J.P. Morgan’s commercial banking affiliate is an agent bank and a lender under outstanding credit facilities of Twitter, for which it receives customary compensation or other financial benefits. In addition, J.P. Morgan and its affiliates hold, on a proprietary basis, less than one percent of the outstanding Twitter common stock. During the two-year period preceding delivery of its opinion on April 25, 2022, the aggregate fees recognized by J.P. Morgan from Twitter were approximately $9,000,000. During the two years preceding the date of J.P. Morgan’s opinion, neither J.P. Morgan nor its affiliates have had any financial advisory or other material commercial or investment banking relationships with Elon Musk or his affiliates, Elon Musk Revocable Trust, Tesla Inc. and Space Exploration Technologies Corp. In the ordinary course of their businesses, J.P. Morgan and its affiliates may actively trade the debt and equity securities or financial instruments (including derivatives, bank loans or other obligations) of Twitter for their own accounts or for the accounts of customers and, accordingly, they may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities or other financial instruments.

In addition, an affiliate of J.P. Morgan is a party to certain note hedge and warrant transactions relating to convertible debt securities issued by Twitter in June 2018, (which we refer to for purposes of this section of this proxy statement as the “note hedge and warrant transactions”). Such J.P. Morgan affiliate entered into such note hedge and warrant transactions as principal for its own account and not as an advisor to Twitter. Pursuant to the terms of the note hedge and warrant transactions, such transactions may be adjusted, exercised, cancelled and/or terminated in connection with certain events relating to the merger.

Prior to Twitter’s entry into the merger agreement, J.P. Morgan provided to the management of Twitter certain estimates and analyses concerning the impact of the proposed transaction on the note hedge and warrant transactions, based on, among other things, certain theoretical models, various assumptions concerning the terms of the proposed transaction, certain information provided by the derivatives trading personnel responsible for J.P. Morgan’s affiliate’s position as principal in the note

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hedge and warrant transactions and market conditions and other information available at the time. The estimates and analyses calculated, over a range of hypothetical purchase prices for the shares of Twitter common stock (ranging from $54.20 per share to $80.00 per share) and other stated assumptions, that such J.P. Morgan affiliate might realize an estimated net gain ranging from approximately $49 million to approximately $58 million upon a full unwind of the note hedge and warrant transactions (after taking into account any hedging gains or losses).

Unaudited Prospective Financial Information

Other than in connection with our regular earnings press releases and related investor materials, we do not, as a matter of course, make public projections as to our long-term future financial performance, due to, among other reasons, the uncertainty, unpredictability and subjectivity of the underlying assumptions and estimates. However, Twitter management regularly prepares projections as to our future financial performance for internal use.

In connection with our strategic planning process and evaluation of strategic alternatives (including continuing as an independent company), Twitter management prepared and reviewed with the Twitter Board various unaudited forward-looking financial information for fiscal years 2022 through 2027 as part of Twitter management’s business plan, including the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information set forth below. This information was first prepared by Twitter management on April 18, 2022 and provided to the Transactions Committee on April 19, 2022, with a final draft prepared by Twitter management on April 20, 2022 and shared with the Twitter Board on April 21, 2022. As part of its review, the Twitter Board assessed and considered certain other estimates prepared by Twitter management as to our long-term prospects, which estimates reflected different assumptions with respect to market share sensitivities (ranging in increases from 2.5 to 4.6 percent of market share by fiscal year 2027), cost efficiencies and growth. The Twitter Board used these sensitivities to inform its assessment of the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information was prepared for internal use only and not for public disclosure and was provided to the Twitter Board for the purposes of considering, analyzing and evaluating the merger and strategic alternatives thereto. At the direction of the Twitter Board, the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information was also provided to, and approved for use by, Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan for purposes of performing their respective financial analyses in connection with rendering their respective opinions to the Twitter Board (as more fully described in the sections of this proxy statement captioned “—Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC” and “—Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC”). With Twitter’s consent, Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan assumed that the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information was reasonably prepared and reflected the best currently available estimates and judgments as to Twitter’s future financial performance. No Unaudited Prospective Financial Information was provided to Mr. Musk or any of his affiliates or representatives prior to the execution of the merger agreement.

The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information was developed by Twitter management as then current estimates of our future financial performance as an independent company, without giving effect to the merger, including any impact of the negotiation or execution of the merger agreement or the merger, the expenses that have already and will be incurred in connection with completing the merger, or any changes to Twitter’s operations or strategy that may be implemented in connection with the pendency of, or following the consummation of, the merger. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information also does not consider the effect of any failure of the merger to be completed; it should not be viewed as accurate or continuing in that context.

The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information was not prepared with a view toward public disclosure or complying with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (which we refer to as “GAAP”). In addition, the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information was not prepared

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with a view toward compliance with published guidelines of the SEC or the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for preparation or presentation of prospective financial information. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information included in this document has been prepared by, and is the responsibility of, Twitter’s management. Neither PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP nor any other independent accountants have audited, reviewed, examined, compiled nor applied agreed-upon procedures with respect to the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information and, accordingly, they do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. The PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP report incorporated by reference relates solely to Twitter’s previously issued financial statements. It does not extend to the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information and should not be read to do so.

Although the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is presented with numerical specificity, it reflects numerous assumptions and estimates as to future events, including those detailed above, made by Twitter management that Twitter management believed in good faith were reasonable. Twitter’s ability to achieve the financial results contemplated by the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information will be affected by our ability to achieve our strategic goals, objectives and targets over the applicable periods and subject to operational and execution risks associated therewith. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information reflects assumptions as to certain business decisions that are subject to change. Important factors that may affect actual results and cause the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information not to be achieved include, among others, (1) general economic conditions; (2) our ability to achieve operating objectives with respect to expenses and operating margins, as well the risks to our ability to retain and grow users and revenues resulting from the execution of those objectives; (3) our ability to achieve the various monetization, market share and other assumptions underlying the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information; (4) changes in laws, regulations and taxes relevant to Twitter’s business; (5) competitive pressures in the social media industry, including new products and market entrants and changes in the competitive environment; (6) customer demand for our products and services; (7) our ability to attract, integrate and retain qualified personnel; and (8) uncertainty in the timing of relevant transactions and resulting cash inflows and outflows. Additional factors that may impact us or our business can be found in the various risk factors included in our periodic filings with the SEC. All of these factors are difficult to predict, and many of them are outside of our control. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information will be realized, and actual results may be materially better or worse than those contained in the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information may differ from publicized analyst estimates and forecasts and does not consider any events or circumstances after the date that it was prepared, including the announcement of or the entry into the merger agreement. You should evaluate the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information, if at all, in conjunction with our historical financial statements and other information regarding Twitter contained in our public filings with the SEC. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information may not be consistent with Twitter’s historical operating data as a result of the assumptions detailed above. Except to the extent required by applicable federal securities laws, we do not intend to update or otherwise revise the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information to reflect circumstances existing after the date that such information was prepared or to reflect the occurrence of future events.

Because the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information reflects estimates and judgments, it is susceptible to sensitivities and assumptions, as well as to multiple interpretations based on actual experience and business developments. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information also covers multiple years, and such information by its nature becomes less predictive with each succeeding year. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is not, and should not be considered to be, a guarantee of future operating results. Further, the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is not fact and should not be relied upon as being necessarily indicative of our future results or for purposes of making any investment decision.

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Certain of the financial measures included in the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information are non-GAAP financial measures (which we refer to as the “non-GAAP financial measures”). These are financial performance measures that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP financial measures, and may be different from similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Furthermore, there are limitations inherent in non-GAAP financial measures because they exclude charges and credits that are required to be included in a GAAP presentation. Accordingly, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered together with, and not as an alternative to, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Financial measures included in forecasts provided to a financial advisor and a board of directors in connection with a business combination transaction, such as the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information, are excluded from the definition of “non-GAAP financial measures” under applicable SEC rules and regulations. As a result, the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is not subject to SEC rules regarding disclosures of non-GAAP financial measures, which would otherwise require a reconciliation of a non-GAAP financial measure to a GAAP financial measure. Reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures were not provided to or relied upon by the Twitter Board, Goldman Sachs or J.P. Morgan. Accordingly, no reconciliation of the financial measures included in the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is provided in this proxy statement.

The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information constitutes forward-looking statements. By including the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information in this proxy statement, none of Twitter, Goldman Sachs or J.P. Morgan, or any of our or Goldman Sachs’ or J.P. Morgan’s representatives, has made or makes any representation to any person regarding our ultimate performance as compared to the information contained in the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information. The inclusion of the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information should not be regarded as an indication that the Twitter Board, Twitter, Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan or any other recipient of the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information considered, or now considers, the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information to be predictive of Twitter’s performance or actual future results. For information on factors that may cause our future results to materially vary, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “Forward-Looking Statements.” Further, the inclusion of the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information in this proxy statement does not constitute an admission or representation by Twitter that the information presented is material. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is included in this proxy statement solely to give our stockholders access to the information that was made available to the Twitter Board, Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan. The Unaudited Prospective Financial Information is not included in this proxy statement in order to influence any Twitter stockholder as to how to vote at the special meeting with respect to the merger, or whether to seek appraisal rights with respect to their shares.

The following table presents a summary of unaudited projections with respect to Twitter’s long-term future financial performance as an independent company for fiscal years 2022 through 2027, as prepared and used as described above (which we refer to as the “Unaudited Prospective Financial Information”). Twitter management made various judgments and assumptions when preparing the Unaudited Prospective Financial Information, including, among others (1) revenues growing 22 percent year-over-year in fiscal year 2022 (excluding in fiscal year 2021 revenues from Twitter’s MoPub and MoPub Acquire (formerly known as CrossInstall) businesses that were sold or wound down by Twitter on or before January 1, 2022) and 21 percent year-over-year in fiscal year 2023, estimated taking into account the impact of ongoing macroeconomic concerns (including inflation, rising energy costs, and declining consumer confidence) and the military conflict in Ukraine on the digital advertising market and brand advertising specifically, and excluding potential revenues from new initiatives; (2) operating improvements to Twitter’s business resulting in total cash operating expenses growing 19 percent year-over-year in fiscal year 2022 (excluding in fiscal year 2021 expenses related to the settlement of a shareholder class action lawsuit in 2021) and four percent year-over-year in fiscal year 2023, estimated

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taking into account actions that Twitter management anticipated to execute as an independent company in response to macroeconomic concerns, and resulting in Adjusted EBITDA margins of 27 percent in fiscal year 2022 and 37 percent in fiscal year 2023; (3) revenue extrapolations for fiscal years 2024 through 2027 assuming market share increases to 3.3 percent by fiscal year 2027 of the relevant digital advertisements market (excluding China and search advertisement markets); (4) expense extrapolations for fiscal years 2024 through 2027 assuming expenses will grow at a rate of approximately 82.5 to 90 percent of revenue growth in the long-term; and (5) a cash tax rate of 18 percent of GAAP operating income, excluding the impact of cash tax savings from net operating losses (which we refer to as “NOLs”).


	Fiscal year ended December 31,
	2022E		2023E		2024E		2025E		2026E		2027E
	(in millions)
Revenue		$5,928		$7,200		$8,481		$9,793		$11,264		$12,917
Cash operating expenses ⁽¹⁾		$4,326		$4,515		$5,238		$5,947		$6,706		$7,518
Adjusted EBITDA ⁽²⁾		$1,602		$2,685		$3,243		$3,846		$4,558		$5,399
GAAP operating income		$(47)		$917		$1,192		$1,517		$1,932		$2,455
Cash taxes ⁽³⁾		$ 0		$165		$215		$273		$348		$442
Amortization of intangibles		$33		$45		$51		$58		$64		$71
Depreciation		$669		$823		$934		$1,033		$1,132		$1,230
Capital expenditures		$968		$982		$1,018		$1,077		$1,014		$1,033
Changes in net working capital		$11		$(259)		$(111)		$(125)		$(150)		$(181)
Stock-based compensation expenses		$864		$900		$1,066		$1,238		$1,430		$1,643
Unlevered free cash flow ⁽⁴⁾		$561		$1,279		$1,900		$2,371		$3,046		$3,742
Unlevered free cash flow (less stock-based compensation expenses) ⁽⁵⁾		$(303)		$379		$834		$1,133		$1,616		$2,099

(1)	Cash operating expenses is calculated as GAAP operating expenses adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and restructuring charges.

(2)	Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as GAAP operating income adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and restructuring charges.

(3)	Cash taxes is based on a cash tax rate of 18 percent of GAAP operating income, excluding the impact of cash tax savings from NOLs.

(4)

Unlevered Free Cash Flow is calculated as GAAP operating income, subtracting the impact of cash taxes (excluding the impact of cash tax savings from NOLs) and capital expenditures, adding the impact of stock-based compensation and depreciation and amortization (including amortization of intangibles), and adding or subtracting, as applicable, changes in net working capital.

(5)

Unlevered Free Cash Flow (less stock-based compensation expenses) is calculated as GAAP operating income, subtracting the impact of cash taxes (excluding the impact of cash tax savings from NOLs) and capital expenditures, adding the impact of depreciation and amortization (including amortization of intangibles) and adding or subtracting, as applicable, changes in net working capital. Unlevered Free Cash Flow (less stock-based compensation expenses) was used by Goldman Sachs in performing its financial analyses in connection with its opinion as described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Opinion of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC” and by J.P. Morgan in performing its financial analyses in connection with its opinion as described in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Opinion of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC.”

Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger

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(1) evaluating and negotiating the merger agreement; (2) approving the merger agreement and the merger; and (3) recommending that the merger agreement be adopted by our stockholders, the Twitter Board was aware of and considered these interests to the extent that they existed at the time, among other matters. These interests are more fully described below.

Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers

Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, directors and officers of Twitter will be entitled to certain ongoing indemnification and insurance coverage, including under directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “The Merger Agreement—Indemnification and Insurance.”

Treatment of Equity-Based Awards

Treatment of Twitter equity-based awards

As of June 30, 2022, there were outstanding awards of Twitter RSUs (or portions thereof) that cover an aggregate of 63,021,480 shares of our common stock, of which Twitter RSUs covering an aggregate of 54,622 shares of our common stock were held by our current non-employee directors and of which Twitter RSUs covering an aggregate of 2,141,849 shares of our common stock were held by our current executive officers. As of the same date, there were outstanding awards of Twitter PSUs that cover an aggregate of 4,072,594 shares of our common stock (at target level of performance) and 8,145,188 shares of our common stock (at maximum level of performance), of which Twitter PSUs covering an aggregate of 2,872,453 shares of our common stock (at target level of performance) and 5,744,906 shares of our common stock (at maximum level of performance) were held by our current executive officers and of which 50,000 were held by our current non-employee directors.

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Treatment of Twitter options

As of June 30, 2022, there were outstanding Twitter options to purchase an aggregate of 932,579 shares of our common stock with an exercise price below the per share price, 800,000 of which were held by our current non-employee directors and none of which were held by our current executive officers.

Treatment of the ESPP

The Twitter Board has adopted resolutions that provide that (1) the current offering period under the ESPP will be the final offering period and no further offering period will commence pursuant to the ESPP after the date of the merger agreement, and (2) except as may be required by law, each individual participating in the final offering period as of the date of the merger agreement will not be permitted to (a) increase his or her payroll contribution rate pursuant to the ESPP from the rate in effect when the final offering period commenced or (b) make separate non-payroll contributions to the ESPP on or following the date of the merger agreement. Prior to the effective time of the merger, Twitter will take all actions that may be necessary to give effect to the treatment described above and to (x) cause the final offering period, to the extent that it would otherwise be outstanding at the effective time, to be terminated no later than 10 business days prior to the date on which the effective time of the merger occurs; (y) make any pro rata adjustments that may be necessary to reflect the final offering period, but otherwise treat the final offering period as a fully effective and completed offering period for all purposes pursuant to the ESPP; and (z) cause the exercise (as of no later than 10 business days prior to the date on which the effective time of the merger occurs) of each outstanding purchase right pursuant to the ESPP. On such exercise date, Twitter will apply the funds credited as of such date pursuant to the ESPP within each participant’s payroll withholding account to the purchase of whole shares of our common stock in accordance with the terms of the ESPP, and such shares of our common stock will be entitled to the per share price. Immediately prior to and effective as of the effective time of the merger (but subject to the consummation of the merger), Twitter will terminate the ESPP.

Equity Interests of Twitter’s Directors and Executive Officers

The following table sets forth for each of Twitter’s executive officers and non-employee directors, (1) the number of shares of our common stock directly held; (2) the number of shares of our common

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stock subject to his or her Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs (at levels of achievement assumed in the merger agreement); and (3) the number of shares of our common stock subject to Twitter options with a per share exercise price less than the per share price, assuming the following and such additional assumptions set forth in the footnotes to the table:

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the shares held directly include shares of our common stock directly held by the individual as of June 30, 2022, plus any shares of our common stock subject to Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs that are scheduled to vest and be settled before September 30, 2022 (which, solely for purposes of this proxy statement, is the assumed closing date of the merger), without regard to any change in control-related accelerated vesting;

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the Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs include those that would be outstanding as of September 30, 2022, in accordance with their regular vesting schedules and assuming continued service by the individual through such date;

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the Twitter options include those that would be outstanding as of September 30, 2022, assuming continued service by the individual through such date;

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the values of these shares of our common stock and the shares underlying equity awards are equal to the per share price of $54.20 (minus any applicable exercise price in the case of in-the-money Twitter options); and

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•

none of the individuals exercises any of his or her Twitter options on or before September 30, 2022, and that no additional Twitter options, Twitter RSUs or Twitter PSUs are granted to any such individual on or before such date.


Name	Shares Held Directly ⁽¹⁾				Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs⁽²⁾				In-the-Money Twitter Options
Name	Number of Shares (#)		Value of Shares ($)		Number of Shares (#)		Value ($)		Number of Shares Subject to Option (#)		Value of Shares Subject to Option ($)		Total ($)
Parag Agrawal		154,842		8,392,436		1,039,709		56,352,228		—		—		64,744,664
Ned Segal		406,264		22,019,509		808,790		43,836,418		—		—		65,855,927
Vijaya Gadde		641,784		34,784,693		715,168		38,762,106		—		—		73,546,799
Sarah Personette		168,691		9,143,052		687,547		37,265,047		—		—		46,408,099
Kayvon Beykpour⁽³⁾		125,061		6,778,306		795,422		43,111,872		—		—		49,890,178
Nick Caldwell		31,152		1,688,438		738,139		40,007,134		—		—		41,695,572
Bruce Falck ⁽⁴⁾		52,674		2,854,931		—		—		—		—		2,854,931
Jack Dorsey ⁽⁵⁾		18,042,428		977,899,598		—		—		—		—		977,899,598
Matthew Derella ⁽⁶⁾		185		10,027		—		—		—		—		10,027
Michael Montano ⁽⁷⁾		324,674		17,597,331		—		—		—		—		17,597,331
Mimi Alemayehou		5,248		284,442		4,541		246,122		—		—		530,564
Jesse Cohn ⁽⁸⁾		7,535		408,397		—		—		—		—		408,397
Egon Durban ⁽⁹⁾		16,930		917,606		5,752		311,758		—		—		1,229,364
Martha Lane Fox		34,058		1,845,944		4,541		246,122		—		—		2,092,066
Omid Kordestani ⁽¹⁰⁾		985,760		53,428,192		54,541		2,956,122		800,000		20,112,000		76,496,314
Fei-Fei Li		12,189		660,644		4,541		246,122		—		—		906,766
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala ⁽¹¹⁾		16,230		879,666		—		—		—		—		879,666
Patrick Pichette		26,319		1,426,490		4,541		246,122		—		—		1,672,612
David Rosenblatt		111,811		6,060,156		5,954		322,707		—		—		6,382,863
Bret Taylor		58,783		3,186,039		6,559		355,498		—		—		3,541,537
Robert Zoellick⁽¹²⁾		21,535		1,167,197		—		—		—		—		1,167,197

(1)

Represents shares of our common stock held as of June 30, 2022, plus any shares of our common stock subject to Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs that are scheduled to vest and be settled before September 30, 2022 (without regard to any change in control-related accelerated vesting). The amounts shown are determined assuming that no individual will acquire or dispose of shares of our common stock from June 30, 2022, through September 30, 2022, and that the Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs scheduled to vest and be settled prior to September 30, 2022, are so settled. The number of shares shown does not include shares of our common stock that the executive officer may purchase after the date of the merger agreement under the ESPP. The number of shares shown does not include equity awards that Twitter expects to grant to its non-employee directors on the date of its annual meeting of stockholders, as discussed in Twitter’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 13, 2021 in the section captioned “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Director Compensation—Equity Compensation.” For additional information regarding the treatment of our ESPP in the merger, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Treatment of the ESPP.” For additional information regarding beneficial ownership of common stock, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

(2)

Represents outstanding Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs (at levels of achievement assumed in the merger agreement) that are not scheduled to vest on or before September 30, 2022. The values shown with respect to Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs are determined as the product of the per share merger consideration multiplied by the total number of shares of our common stock subject to Twitter RSUs or Twitter PSUs, as applicable. The number of shares of our common stock subject to Twitter PSUs is based on the levels of achievement assumed in the merger agreement. Accordingly, the number of shares represents unvested Twitter PSUs covering a total of 711,862 shares of our common stock for Mr. Agrawal; 498,721 shares of our common stock for Mr. Segal; 445,814 shares of our common stock for Ms. Gadde; 352,373 shares of our common stock for Ms. Personette; 373,161 shares of our common stock for Mr. Caldwell; and 50,000 shares of our common stock for

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Mr. Kordestani. As described further in the section of this proxy statement captioned “—2013 Equity Incentive Plan” Twitter RSUs outstanding as of the date of the closing of the merger (which date, solely for purposes of this proxy statement, is assumed to be September 30, 2022) that are held by our non-employee directors will accelerate vesting in full (at target levels of achievement) if a non-employee director’s service is terminated, other than upon a voluntary resignation. In addition, each of the Twitter executive officers is eligible for vesting acceleration of his or her Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs in connection with certain qualifying terminations of employment under the severance policy. For additional information regarding the Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs for our named executive officers, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “—Golden Parachute Compensation.”

(3)

Mr. Beykpour, Twitter’s General Manager of Consumer, signed a separation agreement in May 2022 agreeing to separate from Twitter effective August 21, 2022. Giving effect to Mr. Beykpour’s separation agreement, upon his separation, 99,434 shares subject to RSUs and PSUs will accelerate, and the remainder will be forfeited. As a result, the number of shares held by Mr. Beykpour directly will increase by 99,434 less shares used to satisfy applicable withholding taxes, and the number of shares subject to RSUs and PSUs will decrease to zero as of the date Mr. Beykpour separates from Twitter.

(4)	Mr. Falck served as an executive officer of Twitter until May 2022. The table reflects Mr. Falck’s holdings as of the date of his termination of service as an employee rather than his holdings using the assumptions in footnotes (1) and (2) above.

(5)	Mr. Dorsey served as an executive officer of Twitter until November 2021 and as a member of the Twitter Board until May 2022. To Twitter’s knowledge, as of the date of his departure, Mr. Dorsey held 18,042,428 shares of our common stock.

(6)	Mr. Derella served as an executive officer of Twitter until August 2021. To Twitter’s knowledge, as of December 31, 2021, Mr. Derella held 185 shares of our common stock.

(7)	Mr. Montano served as an executive officer of Twitter until December 2021. To Twitter’s knowledge, as of December 31, 2021, Mr. Montano held 324,674 shares of our common stock.

(8)	Mr. Cohn served as a member of the Twitter Board until June 2021. To Twitter’s knowledge, as of the date of his departure, Mr. Cohn held 7,535 shares of our common stock.

(9)	These securities are held by Mr. Durban for the benefit of Silver Lake Technology Management, L.L.C., certain of its affiliates, and certain of the funds they manage.

(10)	All of the shares subject to the option held by Mr. Kordestani are fully vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2022.

(11)	Dr. Okonjo-Iweala served as a member of the Twitter Board until February 2021. To Twitter’s knowledge, as of the date of her departure, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala held 16,230 shares of our common stock.

(12)	Mr. Zoellick served as a member of the Twitter Board until May 2022. To Twitter’s knowledge, as of the date of his departure, Mr. Zoellick held 21,535 shares of our common stock.

2013 Equity Incentive Plan

We have granted certain Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs under our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (which we refer to as the “2013 Plan”) that are outstanding and held by our non-employee directors and executive officers, including pursuant to our Outside Director Compensation Policy for awards that are held by our non-employee directors. The 2013 Plan provides that in the event of a merger or change in control, with respect to awards granted to a non-employee director that are assumed or substituted for, the participant will fully vest in and have the right to exercise any outstanding options and stock appreciation rights and all restrictions on other outstanding awards will lapse if such participant’s service is terminated following the merger or change in control (other than by voluntary resignation). The 2013 Plan further provides that in connection with such vesting acceleration, with respect to any awards with performance-based vesting, all performance goals or other vesting criteria applicable to such award will be deemed achieved at 100 percent of target levels. The closing of the merger will constitute a “change in control” under the 2013 Plan. Under the merger agreement, all awards held by non-employee directors will vest immediately prior to the effective time.

Severance Policy

We have entered into participation agreements with each of our executive officers under our severance policy, which provides payments and benefits to the executive officers in the event of an involuntary termination within the COC period (which we refer to as a “COC Qualifying Termination”) or during the normal course of business and outside of the COC period (which we refer to as a “Non-COC Qualifying Termination”).

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Upon the occurrence of a Non-COC Qualifying Termination, each of our executive officers will become eligible to receive the following payments and benefits:

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a lump sum payment equal to 100 percent of base salary;

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payment of COBRA continuation coverage premiums for up to 12 months, or taxable payments in lieu of such payment; and

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acceleration of vesting of 12.5 percent of the executive officer’s then-unvested equity awards for executive officers (with performance-based vesting deemed achieved at target levels as to that percentage), other than with respect to our chief executive officer (as described below).

Upon the occurrence of a COC Qualifying Termination, each of our executive officers will become eligible to receive the following payments and benefits:

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a lump sum payment equal to 100 percent of base salary;

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payment of COBRA continuation coverage premiums for up to 12 months, or taxable payments in lieu of such payment; and

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50 percent (or, in the case of Messrs. Agrawal and Segal, 100 percent) acceleration of vesting of unvested equity awards (with performance-based vesting deemed achieved at target levels as to that percentage).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the benefits and rights payable to Mr. Agrawal under the severance policy are qualified by the terms of certain provisions set forth in his offer letter with us, entered into on November 29, 2021 (which we refer to as the “Agrawal offer letter”), which are described in the immediately following section below.

All payments under the severance policy are subject to the execution and non-revocation of our standard separation agreement and release of claims, which includes non-solicitation, non-disparagement and confidentiality conditions.

In the event that payments to an executive officer under the severance policy would be subject to excise taxes under Section 280G and 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code, such payments will be reduced if and to the extent such reduction would result in a better result to the executive officer taking into account applicable taxes.

Agrawal Offer Letter

The terms of the participation in our severance policy of our chief executive officer, Mr. Agrawal, are subject to the terms of certain provisions provided for in the Agrawal offer letter. The Agrawal offer letter, in relevant part, provides (1) that in the event of a Non-COC Qualifying Termination, there will be accelerated vesting of equity awards that would have vested within 12 months after the termination of employment (or 37.5 percent of all outstanding awards if the termination is before January 1, 2025), but otherwise consistent with the terms of the severance policy, including (but not limited to) with respect to performance-based awards, provided that performance-based awards granted after the date of the Agrawal offer letter will be subject to the terms of the applicable award agreement if such agreement expressly sets forth a different treatment, and provided that for any equity awards with respect to which, at the time of termination of employment, it is known that the applicable performance goals were attained, vesting will be applied at the greater of target or actual performance, (2) “Good Reason” will include (among other items) “a material adverse change in the nature or scope of

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Mr. Agrawal’s authority, powers, functions, duties, responsibilities, or reporting relationship (including ceasing to directly report to our board of directors of a publicly traded entity, if applicable) ,” and (3) no amendment to the severance policy that would adversely affect Mr. Agrawal’s rights under the severance policy will be made without his prior written consent, provided that commencing January 1, 2024, Twitter may, following a notice period of at least 12 months, adopt amendments that are materially detrimental to his rights under the severance policy so long as the amendment is not effective until January 1, 2025 at the earliest.

Golden Parachute Compensation

The information set forth in the tables below is intended to comply with Item 402(t) of Regulation S-K, which requires disclosure of information about certain compensation for each of Twitter’s named executive officers (who we refer to as “NEOs”) that is based on or otherwise relates to the merger and assumes, among other things, that the merger is consummated, the merger constitutes a COC of Twitter and that the NEOs will incur a severance-qualifying termination of employment immediately following consummation of the merger.

The amounts indicated below are estimates based on multiple assumptions that may or may not actually occur or be accurate on the relevant date, including assumptions described below, and do not reflect certain compensation actions that may occur before the consummation of the merger. If payments to an NEO under the severance policy would be subject to excise taxes under Section 280G and 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code, such payments will be reduced if and to the extent such reduction would result in a better result to the NEO taking into account applicable taxes. For purposes of calculating such amounts, Twitter has assumed:

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September 30, 2022 as the date on which the merger is consummated.

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Each NEO experiences an involuntary termination on September 30, 2022, based on the terms of the severance policy and, for Mr. Agrawal, the Agrawal offer letter.

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A price per share of our common stock of $54.20.


Name	Cash ($)⁽¹⁾		Equity ($)⁽²⁾		Perquisites Benefits ($)⁽³⁾		Total ($)
Parag Agrawal		1,000,000		56,352,227		9,172		57,361,400
Ned Segal		600,000		43,836,418		31,730		44,468,148
Vijaya Gadde		600,000		19,381,216		31,730		20,012,946
Sarah Personette		600,000		18,632,713		27,377		19,260,090
Jack Dorsey ⁽⁴⁾		—		—		—		—
Mike Montano ⁽⁵⁾		—		—		—		—

(1)

As discussed above, under the severance policy and the Agrawal offer letter, upon an involuntary termination during the applicable COC period, each of the NEOs would be entitled to receive a cash amount equal to 100 percent of the NEO’s annual base salary, which is in each case payable in a lump sum on the 61^st day following the involuntary termination:

All components of the cash severance amount are “double-trigger” (i.e., they are contingent upon an involuntary termination during the applicable COC period) and are subject to the NEO’s execution, effectiveness and non-revocation of a release of claims our standard separation agreement and release of claims.

(2)

Under the severance policy and the Agrawal offer letter, an involuntary termination within the applicable COC period would result in acceleration of vesting of 50 percent (or 100 percent in the case of Mr. Agrawal and Mr. Segal) of the shares underlying all of the executive officer’s then-unvested equity awards (with performance-based vesting deemed achieved at target levels as to that percentage), subject to the NEO’s execution and non-revocation of our standard separation agreement and release of claims, which currently includes non-solicitation, non-disparagement and confidentiality

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conditions. Set forth below are the values of each type of unvested equity-based award held by the NEOs that would become vested upon an involuntary termination immediately following the consummation of a change of control of Twitter. Amounts are calculated assuming a price of $54.20 per share.


Name	Twitter RSUs ($)⁽ⁱ⁾		Twitter PSUs ($)^(i)(ii)
Parag Agrawal		17,769,307		38,582,920
Ned Segal		16,805,740		27,030,678
Vijaya Gadde		7,299,548		12,081,668
Sarah Personette		9,083,378		9,549,335

(i)

Reflects the value of accelerated vesting of 50 percent (or 100 percent in the case of Mr. Agrawal and Mr. Segal) of outstanding Twitter RSUs and Twitter PSUs for all NEOs, pursuant to the severance policy and the Agrawal offer letter, as described in more detail above.

(ii)

Reflects the value of Twitter PSUs that would be available for vesting upon deemed achievement of all performance goals at target levels, pursuant to the severance policy and the Agrawal offer letter, as described in more detail above.

(3)

This amount represents the value of the cost of payment for up to 12 months of premiums under COBRA to continue health insurance coverage for each NEO and their eligible dependents that were covered under our healthcare plan, which would be triggered upon an involuntary termination immediately following the consummation of a change of control of Twitter. This double-trigger benefit is subject to the NEO’s execution and non-revocation of our standard separation agreement and release of claims, which currently includes non-solicitation, non-disparagement and confidentiality conditions.

(4)

Mr. Dorsey is a named executive officer of Twitter for Twitter’s most recently completed fiscal year. Mr. Dorsey resigned as Chief Executive Officer of Twitter effective as of November 29, 2021 and has never participated in the severance policy or has any outstanding equity awards. Mr. Dorsey served on the Twitter Board as a non-employee director until May 25, 2022.

(5)

Mr. Montano is a named executive officer of Twitter for Twitter’s most recently completed fiscal year. Mr. Montano stepped down from his position as Engineering Lead effective December 31, 2021 and remained an advisor of Twitter through March 31, 2022, to ensure an orderly transition. Mr. Montano no longer participates in the severance policy or has any outstanding equity awards.

Arrangements with Parent, Acquisition Sub and Mr. Musk

As of the date of this proxy statement, none of our directors or executive officers has entered into an agreement with Parent, Acquisition Sub, Mr. Musk or any of their respective affiliates regarding the potential terms of their individual employment arrangements or other retention following the consummation of the merger, or the right to purchase or participate in the equity of the surviving corporation or one or more of its affiliates in connection with the merger. However, prior to the effective time of the merger, Parent, Mr. Musk or their respective affiliates may have discussions with certain of Twitter’s employees (including certain of its executive officers) regarding employment or other retention terms and may enter into definitive agreements regarding employment, retention, or the right to purchase or participate in the equity of the surviving corporation or one or more of its affiliates in connection with the merger. Any such agreements will not increase or decrease the per share price paid to our stockholders in the merger.

On May 5, 2022, Mr. Musk publicly disclosed that he (on behalf of Parent) was having, and would continue to have, discussions with certain existing holders of our common stock (including Mr. Dorsey, one of Twitter’s then-current directors) regarding the possibility of contributing shares of our common stock of such holders to Parent, at or immediately prior to the closing of the merger, in order to retain an equity investment in Twitter following completion of the merger in lieu of receiving merger consideration in the merger. Mr. Dorsey informed Twitter that his communications with Mr. Musk regarding these matters first occurred following execution of the merger agreement and that these communications may continue and may result in Mr. Dorsey continuing to hold equity of the surviving corporation or one or more of its affiliates following the merger. There are no assurances that an agreement will result, or of the amount, if any, of Mr. Dorsey’s holdings that will be contributed to Parent, or of the amount, if any, of equity of the surviving corporation or one or more of its affiliates that

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Mr. Dorsey will hold following the merger. Any such agreements with existing holders of our common stock (including Mr. Dorsey) will not increase or decrease the per share price paid to our stockholders in the merger. Twitter has been advised by Mr. Dorsey and representatives of Mr. Musk that there is no agreement, arrangement, or understanding, whether express or implied, between Mr. Dorsey, on the one hand, and Parent or its affiliates (including Mr. Musk), on the other hand, relating to the voting or contribution of shares of our common stock held by Mr. Dorsey in connection with the merger and, as of the date of this proxy statement, Twitter has not received any information to the contrary.

Pursuant to the merger agreement, Mr. Musk has agreed to vote all of his shares of our common stock in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement. As of June 30, 2022, Mr. Musk beneficially holds approximately 9.5 percent of our common stock. For additional information regarding beneficial ownership of common stock, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

Following the merger, it is expected that Mr. Musk will be a substantial stockholder of Twitter with substantial control over Twitter’s business and operations. In that capacity, Mr. Musk may be able to cause Twitter to enter into various agreements or arrangements with him, including to compensate him for service on the Twitter Board or as an executive of Twitter. As of the date of this proxy statement, Twitter has no knowledge that Mr. Musk will ultimately pursue such agreements or arrangements.

No Arrangements with Morgan Stanley

One or more affiliates of Morgan Stanley beneficially hold approximately 8.7% of our common stock. (For additional information regarding beneficial ownership of common stock, see the section of this proxy statement captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”) Morgan Stanley and certain of its affiliates are providing financial advisory services to Mr. Musk, Parent and Acquisition Sub. In addition, affiliates of Morgan Stanley are parties to the bank debt financing.

Twitter has been advised by representatives of each of Mr. Musk and Morgan Stanley that there were no agreements, arrangements or understandings regarding the voting of our common stock held by Morgan Stanley or any of its affiliates in connection with the merger and, as of the date of this proxy statement, Twitter has not received any information to the contrary.

Closing and Effective Time of the Merger

The closing of the merger will take place as soon as possible in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement, but no later than the second business day after the satisfaction or waiver of all of the conditions to closing of the merger, other than conditions that by their terms are to be satisfied at the closing of the merger, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of such conditions at the closing, unless another time, date or place is agreed to in writing by the parties. On the closing date of the merger, the parties will file a certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware as provided under the DGCL. The merger will become effective on the date and time at which the certificate of merger has been duly filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or such other date and time as may be agreed to by Twitter and Parent and set forth in such certificate of merger in accordance with the DGCL.

Appraisal Rights

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merger agreement, (3) continuously hold their applicable shares through the effective time of the merger, (4) otherwise comply with the procedures of Section 262 of the DGCL (which we refer to as “Section 262”), including by satisfying certain ownership thresholds set forth therein, and (5) do not withdraw their demands or otherwise lose their rights to appraisal may, subject to the conditions of Section 262, seek appraisal of their shares in connection with the merger under Section 262. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in Section 262 and in this summary to a “stockholder” or to a “holder of shares” are to a record holder of our common stock.

The following discussion is not a complete statement of the law pertaining to appraisal rights under the DGCL and is qualified in its entirety by the full text of Section 262, which is attached to this proxy statement as Annex B and incorporated into this proxy statement by reference. The following summary does not constitute any legal or other advice and does not constitute a recommendation that our stockholders exercise their appraisal rights under Section 262. Only a holder of record of shares of our common stock is entitled to demand appraisal of the shares registered in that holder’s name. A person having a beneficial interest in shares of our common stock held of record in the name of another person, such as a bank, broker or other nominee, must act promptly to cause the record holder to demand an appraisal of such holder’s shares. If you hold your shares of our common stock through a bank, broker or other nominee and you wish to exercise appraisal rights, you should consult with your bank, broker or the other nominee to ensure that appraisal rights are exercised. Stockholders should carefully review the full text of Section 262 as well as the information discussed below.

Under Section 262, if the merger is completed, holders of record of shares of our common stock who (1) submit a written demand for appraisal of such stockholder’s shares to Twitter prior to the vote on the adoption of the merger agreement; (2) do not vote in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement (whether by voting against the adoption of the merger agreement, abstaining or otherwise not voting with respect to the adoption of the merger agreement); and (3) continuously are the record holders of such shares through the effective time of the merger may be entitled to have their shares of our common stock appraised by the Delaware Court of Chancery and to receive payment in cash of the “fair value” of the shares of our common stock, exclusive of any element of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger, together with (unless the Delaware Court of Chancery in its discretion determines otherwise for good cause shown) interest on the amount determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery to be fair value from the effective date of the merger through the date of payment of the judgment. However, after an appraisal petition has been filed, the Delaware Court of Chancery, at a hearing to determine stockholders entitled to appraisal rights, will dismiss appraisal proceedings as to all of our stockholders who asserted appraisal rights unless (1) the total number of shares of our common stock entitled to appraisal exceeds one percent of the outstanding shares of our common stock as measured in accordance with subsection (g) of Section 262; or (2) the value of the merger consideration in respect of such shares exceeds $1 million. We refer to these conditions as the “ownership thresholds.” Unless the Delaware Court of Chancery, in its discretion, determines otherwise for good cause shown, interest on an appraisal award will accrue and compound quarterly from the effective time of the merger through the date the judgment is paid at five percent over the Federal Reserve discount rate (including any surcharge) as established from time to time during such period (except that, if at any time before the entry of judgment in the proceeding, the surviving corporation makes a voluntary cash payment to each stockholder entitled to appraisal, interest will accrue thereafter only upon the sum of (1) the difference, if any, between the amount so paid and the fair value of the shares as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery; and (2) interest theretofore accrued, unless paid at that time). The surviving corporation is under no obligation to make such voluntary cash payment prior to such entry of judgment.

Under Section 262, where a merger agreement is to be submitted for adoption at a meeting of stockholders, the corporation, not less than 20 days prior to the meeting, must notify each of its

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stockholders of record as of the record date for notice of such meeting that appraisal rights are available and include in the notice a copy of Section 262. This proxy statement constitutes Twitter’s notice to our stockholders that appraisal rights are available in connection with the merger, and the full text of Section 262 is attached to this proxy statement as Annex B. In connection with the merger, any holder of shares of our common stock who wishes to exercise appraisal rights, or who wishes to preserve such holder’s right to do so, should review Annex B carefully. Failure to strictly comply with the requirements of Section 262 in a timely and proper manner may result in the loss of appraisal rights under the DGCL. A stockholder who loses his, her or its appraisal rights will be entitled to receive the per share price described in the merger agreement without interest and less any applicable withholding taxes. Because of the complexity of the procedures for exercising the right to seek appraisal of shares of our common stock, Twitter believes that if a stockholder is considering exercising such rights, that stockholder should seek the advice of legal counsel.

Stockholders wishing to exercise the right to seek an appraisal of their shares of our common stock must do ALL of the following:

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the stockholder must not vote in favor of the proposal to adopt the merger agreement;

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the stockholder must deliver to Twitter a written demand for appraisal before the vote on the merger agreement at the special meeting; and

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the stockholder must continuously hold the shares from the date of making the demand through the effective time of the merger (a stockholder will lose appraisal rights if the stockholder transfers the shares before the effective time of the merger).

In addition, after an appraisal petition has been filed, the Delaware Court of Chancery, at a hearing to determine stockholders entitled to appraisal rights, will dismiss appraisal proceedings as to all of our stockholders who asserted appraisal rights unless one of the ownership thresholds is met.

Because a proxy that does not contain voting instructions will, unless revoked, be voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, each of our stockholders who votes by proxy and who wishes to exercise appraisal rights must vote against the adoption of the merger agreement or abstain with respect to such proposal.

Filing Written Demand

A stockholder wishing to exercise appraisal rights must deliver to Twitter, before the vote on the adoption of the merger agreement at the special meeting, a written demand for the appraisal of such stockholder’s shares. In addition, that stockholder must not vote or submit a proxy in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement. A vote in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, in person at the special meeting or by proxy (whether by mail or via the internet or telephone), will constitute a waiver of appraisal rights in respect of the shares so voted and will nullify any previously filed written demands for appraisal. A stockholder exercising appraisal rights must hold of record the shares on the date the written demand for appraisal is made and must continue to hold the shares of record through the effective time of the merger. Neither voting (in person or by proxy) against the adoption of the merger agreement nor abstaining from voting or failing to vote on the proposal to adopt the merger agreement will, in and of itself, constitute a written demand for appraisal satisfying the requirements of Section 262. The written demand for appraisal must be in addition to and separate from any proxy or vote on the adoption of the merger agreement.

Only a holder of record of shares of our common stock is entitled to demand appraisal rights for the shares registered in that holder’s name. A demand for appraisal in respect of shares of our common

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stock should be executed by or on behalf of the holder of record and must reasonably inform Twitter of the identity of the holder and that the stockholder intends thereby to demand an appraisal of such stockholder’s shares. If the shares are owned of record in the name of another person, such as a broker, fiduciary, depositary or other nominee, such demand must be executed by or on behalf of the record owner, and if such shares are owned of record by more than one person, as in a joint tenancy or tenancy in common, the demand should be executed by or on behalf of all joint owners. An authorized agent, including an authorized agent for two or more joint owners, may execute a demand for appraisal on behalf of a holder of record; however, the agent must identify the record owner or owners and expressly disclose that, in executing the demand, the agent is acting as agent for the record owner or owners. If a stockholder holds shares of our common stock through a broker who in turn holds the shares through a central securities depository nominee such as Cede & Co., a demand for appraisal of such shares must be made by or on behalf of the depository nominee and must identify the depository nominee as record holder.

STOCKHOLDERS WHO HOLD THEIR SHARES IN “STREET NAME” BY A BANK, BROKER, TRUST OR OTHER NOMINEE AND WHO WISH TO EXERCISE APPRAISAL RIGHTS SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR BANK, BROKER, TRUST OR OTHER NOMINEE, AS APPLICABLE, TO DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE PROCEDURES FOR THE BANK, BROKER, TRUST OR OTHER NOMINEE TO MAKE A DEMAND FOR APPRAISAL OF THOSE SHARES. A PERSON HAVING A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN SHARES HELD OF RECORD IN THE NAME OF ANOTHER PERSON, SUCH AS A BANK, BROKER, TRUST OR OTHER NOMINEE, MUST ACT PROMPTLY TO CAUSE THE RECORD HOLDER TO FOLLOW PROPERLY AND IN A TIMELY MANNER THE STEPS NECESSARY TO PERFECT APPRAISAL RIGHTS.

All written demands for appraisal pursuant to Section 262 should be mailed or delivered to:

Twitter, Inc.

1355 Market Street, Suite 900

San Francisco, California 94103

Attention: Corporate Secretary

At any time within 60 days after the effective date of the merger, any holder of shares of our common stock who has not commenced an appraisal proceeding or joined that proceeding as a named party may withdraw his, her or its demand for appraisal and accept the per share price offered pursuant to the merger agreement, without interest and less any applicable withholding taxes, by delivering to Twitter, as the surviving corporation, a written withdrawal of the demand for appraisal. However, any such attempt to withdraw the demand made more than 60 days after the effective time of the merger will require written approval of the surviving corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no appraisal proceeding in the Delaware Court of Chancery will be dismissed as to any stockholder without the approval of the Delaware Court of Chancery, and such approval may be conditioned upon such terms as the Delaware Court of Chancery deems just; provided, however, that this will not affect the right of any stockholder who has not commenced an appraisal proceeding or joined that proceeding as a named party to withdraw such stockholder’s demand for appraisal and to accept the merger consideration within 60 days after the effective time of the merger. If Twitter, as the surviving corporation, does not approve a request to withdraw a demand for appraisal when that approval is required, or, except with respect to any stockholder who withdraws such stockholder’s demand in accordance with the proviso in the immediately preceding sentence, if the Delaware Court of Chancery does not approve the dismissal of an appraisal proceeding with respect to a stockholder, the stockholder will be entitled to receive only the appraised value determined in any such appraisal proceeding, which value could be less than, equal to or more than the per share price being offered pursuant to the merger agreement.

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Notice by the Surviving Corporation

If the merger is completed, within 10 days after the effective time of the merger, the surviving corporation will notify each record holder of shares of our common stock who has properly made a written demand for appraisal pursuant to Section 262, and who has not voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement, that the merger has become effective and the effective date thereof.

Filing a Petition for Appraisal

Within 120 days after the effective time of the merger, but not thereafter, the surviving corporation or any holder of shares of our common stock who has complied with Section 262 and is entitled to appraisal rights under Section 262 (or a beneficial owner in the circumstances described in the next paragraph) may commence an appraisal proceeding by filing a petition in the Delaware Court of Chancery, with a copy served on the surviving corporation in the case of a petition filed by a stockholder, demanding a determination of the fair value of the shares held by all dissenting stockholders entitled to appraisal. The surviving corporation is under no obligation, and has no present intention, to file a petition, and stockholders should not assume that the surviving corporation will file a petition or initiate any negotiations with respect to the fair value of the shares of our common stock. Accordingly, any holders of shares of our common stock who desire to have their shares appraised should initiate all necessary action to perfect their appraisal rights in respect of their shares of our common stock within the time and in the manner prescribed in Section 262. If no petition for appraisal is filed with the Delaware Court of Chancery within 120 days after the effective time of the merger, stockholders’ rights to appraisal shall cease, and all holders of shares of our common stock will be entitled to receive the consideration offered pursuant to the merger agreement, without interest.

Within 120 days after the effective time of the merger, any holder of shares of our common stock who has complied with the requirements for an appraisal of such holder’s shares pursuant to Section 262 will be entitled, upon written request, to receive from the surviving corporation a statement setting forth the aggregate number of shares not voted in favor of the adoption of the merger agreement and with respect to which Twitter has received demands for appraisal, and the aggregate number of holders of such shares. The surviving corporation must send this statement to the requesting stockholder within 10 days after receipt by the surviving corporation of the written request for such a statement or within 10 days after the expiration of the period for delivery of demands for appraisal, whichever is later. A beneficial owner of shares of our common stock held either in a voting trust or by a nominee on behalf of such person may, in such person’s own name, file a petition seeking appraisal or request from the surviving corporation the foregoing statements. As noted above, however, the demand for appraisal can only be made by a stockholder of record.

If a petition for an appraisal is duly filed by a holder of shares of our common stock and a copy thereof is served upon the surviving corporation, the surviving corporation will then be obligated within 20 days after such service to file with the Delaware Register in Chancery a duly verified list containing the names and addresses of all stockholders who have demanded payment for their shares and with whom agreements as to the value of their shares have not been reached. The Delaware Court of Chancery may order that notice of the time and place fixed for the hearing of such petition be given to the surviving corporation and all of the stockholders shown on the verified list at the addresses stated therein. Any such notice shall also be given by one or more publications at least one week before the day of the hearing in a newspaper of general circulation published in the City of Wilmington, Delaware or any other publication which the Delaware Court of Chancery deems advisable. The costs of any such notice are borne by the surviving corporation.

After notice to dissenting stockholders as required by the court, at the hearing on such petition, the Delaware Court of Chancery will determine the stockholders who have complied with Section 262 and

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who have become entitled to appraisal rights thereunder. The Delaware Court of Chancery may require the stockholders who demanded appraisal for their shares to submit their stock certificates to the Register in Chancery for notation thereon of the pendency of the appraisal proceedings. If any stockholder fails to comply with the direction, the Delaware Court of Chancery may dismiss the proceedings as to such stockholder.

Pursuant to Section 262(g) of the DGCL, the Delaware Court of Chancery will dismiss appraisal proceedings as to all of our stockholders who assert appraisal rights unless (1) the total number of shares entitled to appraisal exceeds one percent of the outstanding shares of our common stock as measured in accordance with Section 262(g) of the DGCL; or (2) the value of the merger consideration in respect of such shares exceeds $1 million.

Determination of Fair Value

Where proceedings are not dismissed, the appraisal proceeding will be conducted in accordance with the rules of the Delaware Court of Chancery, including any rules specifically governing appraisal proceedings. Through such proceeding, the Delaware Court of Chancery will determine the “fair value” of the shares of our common stock, exclusive of any element of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger, together with interest, if any, to be paid upon the amount determined to be the fair value. In determining fair value, the Delaware Court of Chancery will take into account all relevant factors. Unless the Delaware Court of Chancery in its discretion determines otherwise for good cause shown, interest from the effective date of the merger through the date of payment of the judgment will be compounded quarterly and will accrue at five percent over the Federal Reserve discount rate (including any surcharge) as established from time to time during the period between the effective date of the merger and the date of payment of the judgment. However, the surviving corporation has the right, at any time prior to the Delaware Court of Chancery’s entry of judgment in the proceedings, to make a voluntary cash payment to each stockholder seeking appraisal. If the surviving corporation makes a voluntary cash payment pursuant to subsection (h) of Section 262, interest will accrue thereafter only on the sum of (1) the difference, if any, between the amount paid by the surviving corporation in such voluntary cash payment and the fair value of the shares as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery; and (2) interest accrued before such voluntary cash payment, unless paid at that time. In Weinberger v. UOP, Inc., the Supreme Court of Delaware discussed the factors that could be considered in determining fair value in an appraisal proceeding, stating that “proof of value by any techniques or methods which are generally considered acceptable in the financial community and otherwise admissible in court” should be considered, and that “[f]air price obviously requires consideration of all relevant factors involving the value of a company.” The Delaware Supreme Court stated that, in making this determination of fair value, the court must consider market value, asset value, dividends, earnings prospects, the nature of the enterprise and any other facts that could be ascertained as of the date of the merger that throw any light on future prospects of the merged corporation. Section 262 provides that fair value is to be “exclusive of any element of value arising from the accomplishment or expectation of the merger.” In Cede & Co. v. Technicolor, Inc., the Delaware Supreme Court stated that such exclusion is a “narrow exclusion [that] does not encompass known elements of value,” but which rather applies only to the speculative elements of value arising from such accomplishment or expectation. In Weinberger, the Supreme Court of Delaware also stated that “elements of future value, including the nature of the enterprise, which are known or susceptible of proof as of the date of the merger and not the product of speculation, may be considered.”

Stockholders considering seeking appraisal should be aware that the fair value of their shares as so determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery could be more than, the same as or less than the consideration they would receive pursuant to the merger if they did not seek appraisal of their shares and that an opinion of an investment banking firm as to the fairness from a financial point of view of the

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consideration payable in a merger is not an opinion as to, and may not in any manner address, fair value under Section 262. No representation is made as to the outcome of the appraisal of fair value as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery, and stockholders should recognize that such an appraisal could result in a determination of a value higher or lower than, or the same as, the per share price. Neither Twitter nor Parent anticipates offering more than the per share price to any stockholder exercising appraisal rights, and each of Twitter and Parent reserves the rights to make a voluntary cash payment pursuant to subsection (h) of Section 262 and to assert, in any appraisal proceeding, that for purposes of Section 262, the “fair value” of a share of our common stock is less than the per share price. The costs of the appraisal proceedings (which do not include attorneys’ fees or the fees and expenses of experts) may be determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery and taxed upon the parties as the Delaware Court of Chancery deems equitable under the circumstances. Upon application of a stockholder, the Delaware Court of Chancery may also order that all or a portion of the expenses incurred by any stockholder in connection with the appraisal proceeding, including, without limitation, reasonable attorney’s fees and the fees and expenses of experts, be charged pro rata against the value of all the shares entitled to an appraisal. In the absence of such determination or assessment, each party bears its own expenses.

If any stockholder who demands appraisal of his, her or its shares of our common stock under Section 262 fails to perfect, or loses or validly withdraws, such holder’s right to appraisal, the stockholder’s shares of our common stock will be deemed to have been converted at the effective time of the merger into the right to receive the per share price as provided in the merger agreement.

From and after the effective time of the merger, no stockholder who has demanded appraisal rights in compliance with Section 262 will be entitled to vote such shares of our common stock for any purpose or to receive payment of dividends or other distributions on the stock (except dividends or other distributions payable to stockholders of record at a date which is prior to the effective date of the merger).

Failure to comply strictly with all of the procedures set forth in Section 262 may result in the loss of a stockholder’s statutory appraisal rights. In that event, you will be entitled to receive the per share price for your dissenting shares in accordance with the merger agreement, without interest and less any applicable withholding taxes. Consequently, any stockholder wishing to exercise appraisal rights is encouraged to consult legal counsel before attempting to exercise those rights.

Accounting Treatment

The merger is expected to be accounted for as a “purchase business combination” for financial accounting purposes.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger

The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger that may be relevant to U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders (each as defined below) of shares of our common stock whose shares are converted into the right to receive cash pursuant to the merger. This discussion is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (which we refer to as the “Code”). Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code, court decisions, published positions of the Internal Revenue Service (which we refer to as the “IRS”) and other applicable authorities, all as in effect on the date of this proxy statement and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion is limited to holders who hold their shares of our common stock as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment purposes).

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This discussion is for general information only and does not address all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to holders in light of their particular circumstances. For example, this discussion does not address:

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tax consequences that may be relevant to holders who may be subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws, such as financial institutions; tax-exempt organizations; S corporations, partnerships and any other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership or pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes; insurance companies; mutual funds; dealers in stocks and securities; traders in securities that elect to use the mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities; regulated investment companies; real estate investment trusts; entities subject to the U.S. anti-inversion rules; holders who hold their common stock as “qualified small business stock” for purposes of Sections 1045 and 1202 of the Code; or certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

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tax consequences to holders holding the shares as part of a hedging, constructive sale or conversion, straddle or other risk reduction transaction;

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tax consequences to holders who received their shares of our common stock in a compensatory transaction or pursuant to the exercise of options or warrants or whose common stock is subject to employment-based vesting;

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tax consequences to U.S. Holders whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar;

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tax consequences to holders who hold their common stock through a bank, financial institution or other entity, or a branch thereof, located, organized or resident outside the United States;

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tax consequences arising from the Medicare tax on net investment income;

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tax consequences to holders subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to the shares of our common stock being taken into account in an “applicable financial statement” (as defined in the Code);

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the U.S. federal estate, gift or alternative minimum tax consequences, if any;

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any territory, state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences; or

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tax consequences to holders that do not vote in favor of the merger and who properly demand appraisal of their shares under Section 262 of the DGCL.

If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement, domestic or foreign, treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock, then the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partner and the partnership. Partnerships holding shares of our common stock and partners therein should consult their tax advisors regarding the consequences of the merger.

No ruling has been or will be obtained from the IRS regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger described below. If the IRS contests a conclusion set forth herein, no assurance can be given that a holder would ultimately prevail in a final determination by a court.

THIS DISCUSSION IS PROVIDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE LEGAL ADVICE TO ANY HOLDER. A HOLDER SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISORS CONCERNING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES RELATING TO THE MERGER IN LIGHT OF ITS PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES AND ANY CONSEQUENCES ARISING UNDER FEDERAL NON-INCOME TAX LAWS OR THE LAWS OF ANY TERRITORY, STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION.

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U.S. Holders

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

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an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

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a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

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an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

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a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more United States persons as defined in section 7701(a)(30) of the Code; or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

The receipt of cash by a U.S. Holder in exchange for shares of our common stock pursuant to the merger will be a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, such U.S. Holder’s gain or loss will be equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash received and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares surrendered pursuant to the merger. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis generally will equal the amount that such U.S. Holder paid for the shares. Such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if such U.S. Holder’s holding period in such shares is more than one year at the time of the completion of the merger. A reduced tax rate on capital gain generally will apply to long-term capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. Holder (including individuals). The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. If a U.S. Holder acquired different blocks of shares of our common stock at different times and different prices, such holder must determine its adjusted tax basis and holding period separately with respect to each block of our common stock.

Non-U.S. Holders

General

For purposes of this discussion, the term “Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock that is neither a U.S. Holder nor a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Subject to the discussion below relating to FATCA, any gain realized by a Non-U.S. Holder pursuant to the merger generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:

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the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of such Non-U.S. Holder in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by such Non-U.S. Holder in the United States), in which case such gain generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at rates generally applicable to U.S. persons, and, if the Non-U.S. Holder is a corporation, such gain may also be subject to the branch profits tax at a rate of 30 percent (or a lower rate under an applicable income tax treaty);

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such Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the completion of the merger, and certain other specified conditions are met, in which case such gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30 percent (or a lower rate under an applicable income tax treaty); or

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Twitter is or has been a “United States real property holding corporation” as such term is defined in Section 897(c) of the Code (which we refer to as “USRPHC”), at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the merger or such Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period with respect to the applicable shares of our common stock (which we refer to as the “relevant period”) and, if shares of our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market (within the meaning of Section 897(c)(3) of the Code), such Non-U.S. Holder owns (directly, indirectly or constructively) more than five percent of our common stock at any time during the relevant period, in which case such gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at rates generally applicable to U.S. persons (as described in the first bullet point above), except that the branch profits tax will not apply. Generally, a corporation is a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests (as defined in the Code) equals or exceeds 50 percent of the sum of the fair market value of its worldwide real property interests plus its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. For this purpose, U.S. real property interests generally include land, improvements and associated personal property. Although there can be no assurances in this regard, we believe that we are not, and have not been, a USRPHC at any time during the five-year period preceding the merger. Non-U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible consequences to them if we are a USRPHC.

Withholding on Foreign Entities

Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, and the Treasury regulations and administrative guidance issued thereunder (which we refer to as “FATCA”), impose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30 percent on certain payments made to a “foreign financial institution” (as specially defined under these rules) unless such institution enters into an agreement with the U.S. government to withhold on certain payments and to collect and provide to the U.S. tax authorities substantial information regarding certain U.S. account holders of such institution (which includes certain equity and debt holders of such institution, as well as certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners) or an exemption applies. FATCA also generally will impose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30 percent on certain payments made to a non-financial foreign entity unless such entity provides the withholding agent a certification identifying certain direct and indirect U.S. owners of the entity or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. Under certain circumstances, a Non-U.S. Holder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. The Treasury Department recently released proposed regulations which, if finalized in their present form, would eliminate the federal withholding tax of 30 percent applicable to the gross proceeds of a sale or other disposition of our common stock. In its preamble to such proposed regulations, the U.S. Treasury Department stated that taxpayers may generally rely on the proposed regulations until final regulations are issued.

Holders of our common stock are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on the disposition of our common stock pursuant to the merger.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Information reporting and backup withholding (at a current rate of 24 percent) may apply to the proceeds received by a holder pursuant to the merger. Backup withholding generally will not apply to (1) a U.S. Holder that furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that such U.S. Holder is not subject to backup withholding on IRS Form W-9 (or a substitute or successor form); or (2) a Non-U.S. Holder that (a) provides a certification of such Non-U.S. Holder’s non-U.S. status on the appropriate series of IRS Form W-8 (or a substitute or successor form); or (b) otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or a credit against the holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

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Regulatory Approvals Required for the Merger

General Efforts

Under the merger agreement, Parent, Acquisition Sub and Twitter agreed to use their respective reasonable best efforts to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and to cause the conditions to the merger to be satisfied, including using reasonable best efforts to accomplish the following:

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the obtaining of all necessary actions or non-actions, consents and approvals from governmental authorities necessary in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, and the making of all necessary registrations and filings (including filings with governmental authorities, if any) and the taking of all reasonable steps as may be necessary to obtain an approval from, or to avoid an action or proceeding by, any governmental authority necessary in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger;

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the obtaining of all other necessary consents, approvals or waivers from third parties;

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the defending of any lawsuits or other legal proceedings through the termination date, whether judicial or administrative, challenging the merger agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, performed or consummated by such party in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement, including seeking to have any stay or temporary restraining order entered by any court or other governmental authority vacated or reversed; and

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the execution and delivery of any additional instruments reasonably necessary to consummate the merger and any other transactions to be performed or consummated by such party in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement and to carry out fully the purposes of the merger agreement.

Mr. Musk, Parent and Acquisition Sub have further agreed to, subject to the terms of the merger agreement, take promptly any and all steps necessary to avoid or eliminate each and every impediment and obtain all consents, approvals or waivers (or, as applicable, expiration or termination of the waiting periods with respect thereto) under any antitrust laws, foreign investment laws or other law that may be required by any foreign or U.S. federal, state or local governmental authority, in each case, with competent jurisdiction, so as to enable the parties to consummate the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger, as promptly as practicable, except that none of Parent, Acquisition Sub or any of their affiliates are obligated under the merger agreement to (i) propose, take, or agree to take any actions that would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on the business, assets, or financial condition of Twitter and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole or (ii) propose, negotiate, effect or agree to, the sale, divestiture, lease, license, hold separate, transfer, or disposition of, or any restriction on the freedom of action with respect to, any assets, business, or equity holdings of, or held or controlled directly or indirectly by, Mr. Musk or any affiliate of Parent (other than Parent, Acquisition Sub or Twitter after giving effect to the merger and subject to the restrictions set forth in this paragraph).

The obligations of Twitter, Parent and Acquisition Sub to consummate the merger are subject to, among other conditions, the expiration of any waiting period (and any extension thereof) applicable to the merger under the HSR Act and the receipt of consents or approvals that are material and required or advisable, in the view of Parent and Twitter, under applicable antitrust laws and foreign investment laws of certain specified jurisdictions (which we collectively refer to as the “specified regulatory laws”) or, as applicable, the waiting periods with respect thereto shall have expired or been terminated,

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to the extent applicable. In addition, additional consents and approvals under applicable antitrust laws, foreign investment laws and other laws of other jurisdictions may be sought pursuant to the obligations described above if Parent and Twitter determine a filing, submission or notification is material and required or advisable in such jurisdiction or if regulators in such a jurisdiction open an investigation regarding the merger.

HSR Act; Competition Laws and Foreign Investment Laws

HSR Act

Under the HSR Act, the merger cannot be completed until Parent and Twitter file a Notification and Report Form with the Federal Trade Commission (which we refer to as the “FTC”) and the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (which we refer to as the “DOJ”), and the applicable waiting period has expired or been terminated. A transaction notifiable under the HSR Act may not be completed until the expiration of a 30-calendar day waiting period following the parties’ filing of their respective HSR Act notification forms or the early termination of the waiting period. The parties filed a notification and report form with the FTC and DOJ pursuant to the HSR Act on May 3, 2022. The waiting period under the HSR Act expired at 11:59 p.m., Eastern time, on June 2, 2022.

At any time before or after consummation of the merger, notwithstanding the termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act, the FTC or the DOJ could take such action under the antitrust laws as it deems necessary or desirable, including seeking to enjoin the completion of the merger, seeking divestiture of substantial assets of the parties or requiring the parties to license, or hold separate, assets or terminate existing relationships and contractual rights. At any time before or after the completion of the merger, and notwithstanding the termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act, any state or the District of Columbia could take such action under the antitrust laws as it deems necessary or desirable. Such action could include seeking to enjoin the completion of the merger or seeking divestiture of substantial assets of Twitter or Parent. Private parties may also seek to take legal action under the antitrust laws under certain circumstances.

United Kingdom – Competition Laws

Specifically, the completion of the merger is subject to obtaining a favorable outcome from the United Kingdom’s Competition and Markets Authority (which we refer to as the “CMA”) either by, in response to an informal briefing paper submitted by the parties, (i) the CMA indicating that it has no further questions about the merger; or (ii) if the CMA decides to investigate the merger, the CMA approving the merger (either unconditionally or conditional upon certain remedies). Upon its commencement of a merger investigation, the CMA has 40 working days in which to complete its initial Phase I review. At the end of Phase I, the CMA must confirm whether it has a reasonable belief that there is a realistic prospect that the merger will lessen competition substantially. If so, the CMA must refer the merger to a Phase II review, unless adequate remedies are offered by the parties within five working days of the CMA’s Phase I decision. Where Phase I remedies are offered, the CMA must decide whether to accept the remedies “in principle” within 10 working days of the Phase I decision and must take a final decision on whether to accept the remedies within 50 working days of the Phase I decision, subject to a possible 40 working day extension at the CMA’s discretion. If a Phase II investigation is launched, the CMA has 24 weeks, extendable by up to eight weeks at the CMA’s discretion if it considers there are special reasons for doing so, to decide if the merger should be prohibited or approved conditional on remedies. The parties submitted an informal briefing paper to the CMA on May 16, 2022. In response to this briefing paper, on May 24, 2022, the CMA notified the parties that it requires no further information on the merger. Notwithstanding this notification, the CMA is not precluded from asking further questions or commencing a merger investigation at a later stage if new information comes to light. The CMA may open a merger investigation at any point up until four months following the closing of the merger.

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United Kingdom – Foreign Investment Laws

If the merger is a “notifiable acquisition” under the United Kingdom’s National Security and Investment Act 2021 (which we refer to as the “NSI Act”), the completion of the merger is subject to obtaining a favorable outcome under the NSI Act either by: (i) the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (who we refer to as the “Secretary of State”) confirming that no further action will be taken in relation to the merger under the NSI Act; or (ii) the Secretary of State making a final order in relation to the merger under the NSI Act that permits the merger to be completed subject to the provisions of such final order (and, to the extent relevant, all conditions, provisions or obligations contained in such final order necessary for completion of the merger having been satisfied or complied with).

On June 7, 2022, Parent’s legal representative submitted a mandatory notification regarding the merger to the Investment Security Unit (which we refer to as the “ISU”) within the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy pursuant to the NSI Act. On June 9, 2022, the ISU notified Parent’s legal representative that it had accepted the mandatory notification for review. On July 13, 2022, the ISU notified Parent’s legal representative and Twitter UK Limited that the Secretary of State has determined that he will be taking no further action in relation to the merger under the NSI Act.

Foreign Competition Laws and Foreign Investment Laws

Under the merger agreement, the merger cannot be completed until all consents, approvals and filings that are mutually agreed by Parent and Twitter, acting reasonably, to be (1) material and (2) required or advisable under specified regulatory laws have been obtained or deemed to be obtained. The parties must observe mandatory waiting periods and/or obtain the necessary approvals, clearance, consents or no-actions (if and when mutually agreed by Parent and Twitter under the criteria set forth above) under the specified regulatory laws.

As of the date of this proxy statement, all regulatory clearances and approvals required to complete the merger under the merger agreement have been obtained. Adoption of the merger agreement by our stockholders is the only remaining approval or regulatory condition to completing the merger under the merger agreement.

Beyond the actions required under the specified regulatory laws, the merger agreement states that the parties may make additional regulatory filings that are mutually agreed to by Parent and Twitter, acting reasonably, to be material and either required or advisable under any antitrust laws or foreign investment laws with respect to the merger. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the submission of additional regulatory filings under laws other than the specified regulatory laws will not create additional conditions to the consummation of the merger.

Other Regulatory Approvals

One or more governmental bodies may impose a condition, restriction, qualification, requirement or limitation when it grants the necessary approvals and consents to the merger. Such governmental bodies – including those in jurisdictions outside of those responsible for the specified regulatory laws – may also assert the right to enjoin or nullify certain legal effects of the transaction, both in those cases in which their conditions, restrictions, qualifications, requirements or limitations are not accepted and in other cases. Any one of these requirements, limitations, costs, divestitures or restrictions could jeopardize or delay the completion – or reduce the anticipated benefits – of the merger. Third parties may also seek to intervene in the regulatory process or litigate to enjoin or overturn regulatory approvals, which actions could significantly impede or even preclude obtaining required regulatory approvals.

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Limited Guarantee

Pursuant to the limited guarantee, Mr. Musk agreed to guarantee the due, complete and punctual payment, observance, performance and discharge of the payment obligations of Parent under the merger agreement (which we refer to as the “obligations”), including the termination fee payable by Parent, plus amounts in respect of reimbursement, indemnification or other payment obligations of Parent for certain costs, expenses, monetary damages or losses incurred or sustained by Twitter, as specified in the merger agreement, up to a specified amount (which we refer to as the “cap”).

Subject to specified exceptions, the limited guarantee will terminate upon the earliest of:

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the closing of the merger in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement;

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subject to the cap, payment in full pursuant to the limited guarantee of all amounts payable with respect to the obligations;

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the termination of the merger agreement by mutual written consent of Twitter and Parent pursuant to Section 8.1(a) of the merger agreement; and

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sixty days after the valid termination of the merger agreement in accordance with its terms (other than a termination for which the prior bullet point applies), unless (1) a notice of a claim for payment of