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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required for complete financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. However, our results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

All amounts presented in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise noted.

Use of Estimates

We are required to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The most significant estimates and assumptions are used in determining: (i) inputs used to recognize revenue over time, including amortization periods for deferred contract acquisition costs; (ii) allowances for doubtful accounts; (iii) deferred taxes and related valuation allowances, including uncertain tax positions; (iv) loss contingencies; (v) fair value of financial instruments; (vi) fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations; and (vii) asset impairment testing.

We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience, observable market inputs and on various other factors that we believe to be relevant under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts and such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements. Additionally, changing economic and other conditions may increase the inherent uncertainty in the estimates and assumptions indicated above. We review our estimates and assumptions periodically and the effects of revisions thereto are reflected in the period they occur or prospectively if the revised estimates or assumptions affect future periods.

Principles of Consolidation

We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary and in other entities in which we own more than 50% of the outstanding voting shares and other shareholders do not have substantive rights to participate in management. For entities we control but do not wholly own, we record a non-controlling interest within stockholders’ equity for the portion of the entity’s equity attributed to the non-controlling ownership interests. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Credit Losses

On January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), as amended, and codified in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326 (“ASC 326”). ASC 326 introduces a new approach to the periodic estimation of credit losses for certain financial assets based on expected losses instead of incurred losses. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets that have experienced credit deterioration since their original purchase. We have elected to apply the requirements of the new standard prospectively and we recognized a cumulative effect of adoption of $9.1 million to Accumulated earnings (losses) as of January 1, 2020. Based on this election, we did not restate our comparative Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and they continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the periods before January 1, 2020.

The following describes the accounting impacts, by major balance sheet line item, of our adoption of this new standard based on the relevant types of losses that we and our equity method investees may be subject to:

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Trade Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, Net — Our trade accounts receivables and contract assets consist of amounts due from both our consumer and enterprise customers. Our receivables and related credit losses for our consumer customers are limited due to policies that require advance payment for services, predominant use of credit card and ACH payment processes, and our ability to promptly terminate service when timely payments are not received. However, for our enterprise customers, we estimate expected credit losses on a collective basis based on our historical loss experience, as adjusted to reflect changes in relevant factors, such as macroeconomic conditions and customer mix, that can significantly impact collectability.

We apply our collective estimation processes separately to several pools of receivables that share common risk characteristics, generally based on the customers’ geographical location. Customers with significant past-due balances or other atypical characteristics are excluded from our collective analysis and evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Our estimates of expected credit losses for such receivables reflect significant judgments that consider customer-specific matters such as the customer’s financial condition, payment history, and recent developments in the customer’s business and industry. Due to the short-term nature of our trade receivables and contract assets, forecasts about the future have limited relevance to our expected credit loss estimates.

We record our customer related estimated credit losses as a component of our bad debt expense as reported in Selling, general and administrative expenses.

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Other Current Assets, Net, and Other Non-current Assets, Net — We estimate expected credit losses for receivables with payment terms longer than one year separately by borrower, due to the unique risk characteristics of such receivables. We generally use discounted cash flow techniques to estimate such credit losses. In applying such techniques, we may estimate principal and interest cash flows under probability-weighted scenarios that consider entity-specific matters and forecasted economic conditions. The majority of our other non-current receivables are from entities in the telecommunications industry. The collection of contractual principal and interest on these receivables is highly dependent on the future business operations of those entities. Our estimation of expected credit losses for such receivables requires significant judgment about matters specific to the borrower and their industry. Accordingly, our actual collection experience may differ from the assumptions reflected in our expected credit loss estimates.

We record our estimated credit losses as a component of our bad debt expense as reported in Selling, general and administrative expenses.

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Other Investments, Net — We estimate expected credit losses on our other debt investments with payment terms longer than one year separately by debtor, due to the unique risk characteristics of such debt investments. We generally use discounted cash flow techniques to estimate such credit losses. In applying such techniques, we may estimate principal and interest cash flows under probability-weighted scenarios that consider entity-specific matters and forecasted economic conditions. The majority of our other debt investments are with entities in the telecommunications industry. The collection of contractual principal and interest on these debt

investments are highly dependent on the future business operations of those entities. Our estimation of expected credit losses for such debt investments require significant judgment about matters specific to the debtor and their industry. Accordingly, our actual collection experience may differ from the assumptions reflected in our expected credit loss estimates.

We record our other debt investments related estimated credit losses as a reduction of Interest income, net.

Financial Impact of Adoption. Our adoption of this new standard resulted in the following adjustments to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet:



	Balance at December 31, 2019		Adoption of ASC 326 Increase (Decrease)			Balance at January 1, 2020
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	$	196,629	$	(13,672	)	$	182,957
Other current assets, net	$	179,531	$	6,723		$	186,254
Other investments, net	$	325,405	$	(7,381	)	$	318,024
Other non-current assets, net	$	334,841	$	4,050		$	338,891
Total assets	$	7,154,298	$	(10,280	)	$	7,144,018
Deferred tax liabilities, net	$	351,692	$	(972	)	$	350,720
Accumulated earnings (losses)	$	632,809	$	(9,068	)	$	623,741
Non-controlling interests	$	75,748	$	(240	)	$	75,508
Total stockholders’ equity	$	3,745,553	$	(9,308	)	$	3,736,245
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	7,154,298	$	(10,280	)	$	7,144,018

The application of ASC 326 requirements did not materially affect our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 is part of the FASB’s overall simplification initiative and seeks to simplify the accounting for income taxes by updating certain guidance and removing certain exceptions. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting this new guidance.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), codified as ASC 848 (“ASC 848”). The purpose of ASC 848 is to provide optional guidance to ease the potential effects on financial reporting of the market-wide migration away from Interbank Offered Rates (“IBORs”) to alternative reference rates. ASC 848 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference a reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance may be applied upon issuance of ASC 848 through December 31, 2022. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting this new guidance, but do not expect it to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.