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          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Singapore, SG, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900DLWFR8HK7DR278</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MY</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Makati City, Metro Manila, PH, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Taipei City, TW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>25490016G0WR60ANOK04</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2W8N8UU78PMDQKZENC08</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (Minato ku, Tokyo, JP, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RB0PEZSDGCO3JS6CEU02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>JP</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, DK, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Helsinki, Uusimaa, FI, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>FI</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Oslo, Oslo, NO, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>X5AV1MBDXGRPX5UGMX13</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank International GmbH</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZMHGNT7ZPKZ3UFZ8EO46</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Auckland, Auckland, NZ, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Jung-gu, Seoul, KR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Austria AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>D1HEB8VEU6D9M8ZUXG17</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
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        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>Y</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MO" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
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        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
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            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
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        <brokers>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-35008</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000079</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1454.82000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-129</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000361</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>FOR8UP27PHTHYVLBNG30</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1467.10000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Canaccord Genuity LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-3271</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000001020</brokerCrdNo>
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            <grossCommission>1395.08000000</grossCommission>
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            <brokerName>Jefferies LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerName>UBS Securities LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerName>Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerCrdNo>000007784</brokerCrdNo>
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            <brokerName>BNY Capital Markets, LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1731.15000000</grossCommission>
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        <aggregateCommission>29614.75000000</aggregateCommission>
        <principalTransactions>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-129</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000000361</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>FOR8UP27PHTHYVLBNG30</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>277160.90000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
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          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-MA" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>39903411.32000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
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        <principalAggregatePurchase>40180572.22000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>93908389.92000000</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <lineOfCredit hasLineOfCredit="Y">
          <lineOfCreditDetails>
            <lineOfCreditDetail>
              <isCreditLineCommitted>Committed</isCreditLineCommitted>
              <lineOfCreditSize>100000000.00000000</lineOfCreditSize>
              <lineOfCreditInstitutions>
                <lineOfCreditInstitution creditInstitutionName="State Street Bank and Trust Company"/>
              </lineOfCreditInstitutions>
              <sharedCreditType creditType="Shared">
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Global Infrastructure Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Infrastructure Debt Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Real Estate Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
              </sharedCreditType>
              <creditLineUsed isCreditLineUsed="Y" averageCreditLineUsed="431506.00000000" daysCreditUsed="76"/>
            </lineOfCreditDetail>
          </lineOfCreditDetails>
        </lineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
            <liquidityLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</liquidityLei>
            <liquidityStateCountry liquidityCountry="US" liquidityState="US-MA"/>
            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
            <assetClassType>Derivative-foreign exchange</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Equity-common</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Equity-preferred</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Short-term investment vehicle</assetClassType>
          </liquidityClassificationService>
        </liquidityClassifications>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000076281</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>213800VR6S86MYZZZ136</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>N</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>1</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000235898" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="ASEMX"/>
        </sharesOutstandings>
        <fundType>N/A</fundType>
        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>Y</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>Y</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <securityLendings>
          <securityLending>
            <securitiesAgentName>Securities Finance Trust Company</securitiesAgentName>
            <securitiesAgentLei>549300TG9E1QX4XYSB91</securitiesAgentLei>
            <isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>N</isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>
            <securityAgentIdemnity isSecurityAgentIdemnity="Y">
              <idemnityProviders>
                <idemnityProvider idemnityProviderName="N/A"/>
              </idemnityProviders>
              <didIndemnificationRights>N</didIndemnificationRights>
            </securityAgentIdemnity>
          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <subAdvisers>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>ABRDN Asia Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-62020</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000124509</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300FVV8VHKPMMRT38</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>SG</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>abrdn Investments Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-75074</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000162309</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300EI2QZDOKF0UR93</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>GB</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
        </subAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>84-00448</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MO" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BNP Paribas (Athens, Attica, GR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>R0MUWSFPU8MPRO8K5P83</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Banco de Chile</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>8B4EZFY8IHJC44TT2K84</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Handlowy w Warszawie Spolka Akcyjna</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>XLEZHWWOI4HFQDGL4793</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company (Budapest, HU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank del Peru S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>MYTK5NHHP1G8TVFGT193</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Cititrust Colombia S A Sociedad Fiduciaria</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300242J3IJCOSGI49</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900DLWFR8HK7DR278</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MY</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Makati City, Metro Manila, PH, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Taipei City, TW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>25490016G0WR60ANOK04</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Euroclear Bank</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OZ46BRLZ8Y6F65</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank MISR S.A.E.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300FRMQH3ELEXQI94</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>EG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C. (Kuwait City, Al Asimah, KW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2CZOJRADNJXBLT55G526</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (Doha, Ad Dawhah, QA, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300F99IL9YJDWH369</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>QA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Ngan Hang Trach Nhiem Huu Han Mot Thanh Vien HSBC (Viet Nam)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>213800H95OG9OHRT4Y78</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>VN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>X5AV1MBDXGRPX5UGMX13</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Jung-gu, Seoul, KR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>KR6LSKV3BTSJRD41IF75</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
        </custodians>
        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>Y</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MO" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
            <brokerDealerStateCountry brokerDealerState="US-PA" brokerDealerCountry="US"/>
            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
          </brokerDealer>
        </brokerDealers>
        <brokers>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-35008</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000079</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>52.98000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Scotia Capital (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-3716</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000002739</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300BLWPABP1VNME36</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>3.57000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-8177</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007059</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>MBNUM2BPBDO7JBLYG310</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>29.05000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>UBS Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-22651</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007654</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>T6FIZBDPKLYJKFCRVK44</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>40.98000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-15869</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000008209</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>9R7GPTSO7KV3UQJZQ078</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>13.32000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-41562</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000019585</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>CYYGQCGNHMHPSMRL3R97</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>29.36000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-47198</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000036368</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300670K07JRB5UQ40</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>9.39000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Korea Investment &amp; Securities America, Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-52615</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000104158</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>254900ERB9DK3W14LQ67</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>4.41000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>CLSA Americas, LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-69166</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000165533</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>213800M2DXATWY7JMS07</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>7.54000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>BofA Securities, Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-69787</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000283942</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300HN4UKV1E2R3U73</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>9.79000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
        </brokers>
        <aggregateCommission>222.17000000</aggregateCommission>
        <principalTransactions>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-35008</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000000079</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>5217.81000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-8177</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000007059</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>MBNUM2BPBDO7JBLYG310</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>3729.42000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-47198</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000036368</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>549300670K07JRB5UQ40</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>11416.35000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>BofA Securities, Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-69787</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000283942</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>549300HN4UKV1E2R3U73</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>5286.35000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-MA" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>543000.71000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
        </principalTransactions>
        <principalAggregatePurchase>568650.64000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>377623.37230769</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <lineOfCredit hasLineOfCredit="Y">
          <lineOfCreditDetails>
            <lineOfCreditDetail>
              <isCreditLineCommitted>Committed</isCreditLineCommitted>
              <lineOfCreditSize>100000000.00000000</lineOfCreditSize>
              <lineOfCreditInstitutions>
                <lineOfCreditInstitution creditInstitutionName="State Street Bank and Trust Company"/>
              </lineOfCreditInstitutions>
              <sharedCreditType creditType="Shared">
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Dynamic Dividend Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Global Infrastructure Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Infrastructure Debt Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Real Estate Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
              </sharedCreditType>
              <isCreditLineUsed>N</isCreditLineUsed>
            </lineOfCreditDetail>
          </lineOfCreditDetails>
        </lineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
            <liquidityLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</liquidityLei>
            <liquidityStateCountry liquidityCountry="US" liquidityState="US-MA"/>
            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
            <assetClassType>Equity-common</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Equity-preferred</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Short-term investment vehicle</assetClassType>
          </liquidityClassificationService>
        </liquidityClassifications>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn Emerging Markets Dividend Active ETF</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000088603</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>213800SKU9GX8TWAEI73</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>Y</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>0</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="abrdn Emerging Markets Dividend Active ETF" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000254923" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="AGEM"/>
        </sharesOutstandings>
        <fundTypes>
          <fundType>Exchange-Traded Fund</fundType>
        </fundTypes>
        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>N</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>Y</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <securityLendings>
          <securityLending>
            <securitiesAgentName>Securities Finance Trust Company</securitiesAgentName>
            <securitiesAgentLei>549300TG9E1QX4XYSB91</securitiesAgentLei>
            <isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>N</isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>
            <securityAgentIdemnity isSecurityAgentIdemnity="Y">
              <idemnityProviders>
                <idemnityProvider idemnityProviderName="N/A"/>
              </idemnityProviders>
              <didIndemnificationRights>N</didIndemnificationRights>
            </securityAgentIdemnity>
          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 12d1-1 (17 CFR 270.12d1-1)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 12d1-4 (17 CFR 270.12d1-4)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 6c-11 (17 CFR 270.6c-11)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <subAdvisers>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>ABRDN Asia Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-62020</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000124509</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300FVV8VHKPMMRT38</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>SG</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>abrdn Investments Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-75074</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000162309</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300EI2QZDOKF0UR93</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>GB</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
        </subAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>85-05003</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MA" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>Y</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AB SEB bankas</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300SBPFE9JX7N8J82</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AS SEB Pank</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300ND1MQ8SNNYMJ22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>EE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AS SEB banka</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300YW95G1VBBGGV07</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LV</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BNP Paribas (Athens, Attica, GR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>R0MUWSFPU8MPRO8K5P83</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Banco de Chile</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>8B4EZFY8IHJC44TT2K84</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Handlowy w Warszawie Spolka Akcyjna</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>XLEZHWWOI4HFQDGL4793</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company (Budapest, HU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Maghreb S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>5493003FVWLMBFTISI11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank del Peru S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>MYTK5NHHP1G8TVFGT193</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Singapore, SG, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Cititrust Colombia S A Sociedad Fiduciaria</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300242J3IJCOSGI49</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900DLWFR8HK7DR278</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MY</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Makati City, Metro Manila, PH, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Taipei City, TW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>25490016G0WR60ANOK04</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Euroclear Bank</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OZ46BRLZ8Y6F65</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank MISR S.A.E.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300FRMQH3ELEXQI94</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>EG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C. (Kuwait City, Al Asimah, KW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2W8N8UU78PMDQKZENC08</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Joint Stock Company 'Citibank'</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300E0ROTI7ACBZH02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>UA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (Minato ku, Tokyo, JP, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RB0PEZSDGCO3JS6CEU02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>JP</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, DK, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Helsinki, Uusimaa, FI, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>FI</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Oslo, Oslo, NO, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2549005HENFMYGRM9S10</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Stanbic IBTC Bank Ltd</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300NIVXF92ZIOVW61</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>X5AV1MBDXGRPX5UGMX13</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300RBHWW5EJIRG629</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank International GmbH</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZMHGNT7ZPKZ3UFZ8EO46</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Auckland, Auckland, NZ, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Jung-gu, Seoul, KR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Austria AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>D1HEB8VEU6D9M8ZUXG17</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>KR6LSKV3BTSJRD41IF75</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Srbija a.d. Beograd</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>52990001O0THU00TYK59</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>RS</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bulbank AD</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300Z7V2WOFIMUEK50</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
        </custodians>
        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>N</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MA" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>Y</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
            <brokerDealerStateCountry brokerDealerState="US-PA" brokerDealerCountry="US"/>
            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
          </brokerDealer>
        </brokerDealers>
        <brokers>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-35008</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000079</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>2472.08000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-129</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000361</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>FOR8UP27PHTHYVLBNG30</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>5599.92000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Scotia Capital (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-3716</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000002739</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300BLWPABP1VNME36</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>636.25000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Nomura Securities International, Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-15255</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000004297</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>OXTKY6Q8X53C9ILVV871</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1391.98000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-8177</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007059</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>MBNUM2BPBDO7JBLYG310</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>16122.60000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>UBS Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-22651</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007654</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>T6FIZBDPKLYJKFCRVK44</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>4435.65000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-41562</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000019585</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>CYYGQCGNHMHPSMRL3R97</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1539.39000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Mizuho Securities USA LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-37710</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000019647</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>7TK5RJIZDFROZCA6XF66</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1227.74000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>CLSA Americas, LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-69166</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000165533</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>213800M2DXATWY7JMS07</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>2144.97000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>BofA Securities, Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-69787</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000283942</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300HN4UKV1E2R3U73</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>383.53000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
        </brokers>
        <aggregateCommission>37953.82000000</aggregateCommission>
        <principalTransactions>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>UBS Securities LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-22651</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000007654</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>T6FIZBDPKLYJKFCRVK44</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>4753196.53000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-47198</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000036368</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>549300670K07JRB5UQ40</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>215939.24000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-MA" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>60167949.00000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
        </principalTransactions>
        <principalAggregatePurchase>65137084.77000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>77408471.02000000</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <hasLineOfCredit>N</hasLineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
            <liquidityLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</liquidityLei>
            <liquidityStateCountry liquidityCountry="US" liquidityState="US-MA"/>
            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
            <assetClassType>Equity-common</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Equity-preferred</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Short-term investment vehicle</assetClassType>
          </liquidityClassificationService>
        </liquidityClassifications>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000020309</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>549300039TIZRJULFI40</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>N</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>5</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class A" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000057046" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="GLLAX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class C" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000057048" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="GLLCX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class R" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000057049" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="GWLRX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000057050" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="GWLIX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Service Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000057051" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="GLLSX"/>
        </sharesOutstandings>
        <fundType>N/A</fundType>
        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>N</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>Y</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <securityLendings>
          <securityLending>
            <securitiesAgentName>Securities Finance Trust Company</securitiesAgentName>
            <securitiesAgentLei>549300TG9E1QX4XYSB91</securitiesAgentLei>
            <isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>N</isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>
            <securityAgentIdemnity isSecurityAgentIdemnity="Y">
              <idemnityProviders>
                <idemnityProvider idemnityProviderName="N/A"/>
              </idemnityProviders>
              <didIndemnificationRights>N</didIndemnificationRights>
            </securityAgentIdemnity>
          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <subAdvisers>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>abrdn Investments Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-75074</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000162309</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300EI2QZDOKF0UR93</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>GB</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
        </subAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>84-00448</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MO" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BNP Paribas (Athens, Attica, GR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>R0MUWSFPU8MPRO8K5P83</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Banco de Chile</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>8B4EZFY8IHJC44TT2K84</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Handlowy w Warszawie Spolka Akcyjna</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>XLEZHWWOI4HFQDGL4793</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Maghreb S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>5493003FVWLMBFTISI11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Singapore, SG, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900DLWFR8HK7DR278</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MY</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Makati City, Metro Manila, PH, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Taipei City, TW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>25490016G0WR60ANOK04</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C. (Kuwait City, Al Asimah, KW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (Doha, Ad Dawhah, QA, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300F99IL9YJDWH369</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>QA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (Minato ku, Tokyo, JP, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RB0PEZSDGCO3JS6CEU02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>JP</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Ngan Hang Trach Nhiem Huu Han Mot Thanh Vien HSBC (Viet Nam)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>213800H95OG9OHRT4Y78</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>VN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, DK, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>X5AV1MBDXGRPX5UGMX13</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank International GmbH</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZMHGNT7ZPKZ3UFZ8EO46</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Auckland, Auckland, NZ, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Jung-gu, Seoul, KR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Austria AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>D1HEB8VEU6D9M8ZUXG17</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
        </custodians>
        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>Y</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MO" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
            <brokerDealerStateCountry brokerDealerState="US-PA" brokerDealerCountry="US"/>
            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
          </brokerDealer>
        </brokerDealers>
        <brokers>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-35008</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000079</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>17579.86000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-129</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000361</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>FOR8UP27PHTHYVLBNG30</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>5650.28000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Jefferies LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-15074</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000002347</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>58PU97L1C0WSRCWADL48</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>2592.53000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-8177</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007059</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>MBNUM2BPBDO7JBLYG310</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>6134.04000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>UBS Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-22651</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007654</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>T6FIZBDPKLYJKFCRVK44</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>2304.38000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-15869</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000008209</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>9R7GPTSO7KV3UQJZQ078</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>4607.58000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-41562</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000019585</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>CYYGQCGNHMHPSMRL3R97</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>9507.54000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Santander Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-49571</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000041791</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>254900HRJWI7G0YUS842</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-MA" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>2278.73000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>IIFL Capital Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-68100</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000149073</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>2261.80000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>BofA Securities, Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-69787</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000283942</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300HN4UKV1E2R3U73</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>5449.23000000</grossCommission>
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        <aggregateCommission>71341.56000000</aggregateCommission>
        <principalTransactions>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-35008</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000000079</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>585031.40000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
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          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>UBS Securities LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-22651</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000007654</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>T6FIZBDPKLYJKFCRVK44</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>547403.85000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
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          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-47198</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000036368</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>549300670K07JRB5UQ40</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>318000.70000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Nuvama Wealth Management Limited</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>3358002Y23HZBJW49C38</principalLei>
            <principalCountry>IN</principalCountry>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>424765.77000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-MA" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>75187128.71000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
        </principalTransactions>
        <principalAggregatePurchase>77062330.43000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>154667482.80000000</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <lineOfCredit hasLineOfCredit="Y">
          <lineOfCreditDetails>
            <lineOfCreditDetail>
              <isCreditLineCommitted>Committed</isCreditLineCommitted>
              <lineOfCreditSize>100000000.00000000</lineOfCreditSize>
              <lineOfCreditInstitutions>
                <lineOfCreditInstitution creditInstitutionName="State Street Bank and Trust Company"/>
              </lineOfCreditInstitutions>
              <sharedCreditType creditType="Shared">
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Dynamic Dividend Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Global Infrastructure Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Infrastructure Debt Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Real Estate Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
              </sharedCreditType>
              <creditLineUsed isCreditLineUsed="Y" averageCreditLineUsed="886150.00000000" daysCreditUsed="11"/>
            </lineOfCreditDetail>
          </lineOfCreditDetails>
        </lineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
            <liquidityLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</liquidityLei>
            <liquidityStateCountry liquidityCountry="US" liquidityState="US-MA"/>
            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
            <assetClassType>Equity-common</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Equity-preferred</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Short-term investment vehicle</assetClassType>
          </liquidityClassificationService>
        </liquidityClassifications>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn Emerging Markets Fund</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000026307</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>549300ZGLDRNMNTFIE32</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>N</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>5</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class A" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000111352" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="GEGAX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class C" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000111353" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="GEGCX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class R" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000111354" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="GEMRX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000079068" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="ABEMX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Service Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000081085" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="AEMSX"/>
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        <fundType>N/A</fundType>
        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>N</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>Y</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <securityLendings>
          <securityLending>
            <securitiesAgentName>Securities Finance Trust Company</securitiesAgentName>
            <securitiesAgentLei>549300TG9E1QX4XYSB91</securitiesAgentLei>
            <isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>N</isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>
            <securityAgentIdemnity isSecurityAgentIdemnity="Y">
              <idemnityProviders>
                <idemnityProvider idemnityProviderName="N/A"/>
              </idemnityProviders>
              <didIndemnificationRights>N</didIndemnificationRights>
            </securityAgentIdemnity>
          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 12d1-4 (17 CFR 270.12d1-4)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <subAdvisers>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>ABRDN Asia Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-62020</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000124509</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300FVV8VHKPMMRT38</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>SG</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>abrdn Investments Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-75074</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000162309</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300EI2QZDOKF0UR93</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>GB</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
        </subAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>84-00448</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MO" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BNP Paribas (Athens, Attica, GR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>R0MUWSFPU8MPRO8K5P83</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Banco de Chile</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>8B4EZFY8IHJC44TT2K84</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Handlowy w Warszawie Spolka Akcyjna</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>XLEZHWWOI4HFQDGL4793</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company (Budapest, HU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Maghreb S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>5493003FVWLMBFTISI11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Singapore, SG, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900DLWFR8HK7DR278</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MY</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Makati City, Metro Manila, PH, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Taipei City, TW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>25490016G0WR60ANOK04</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Euroclear Bank</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OZ46BRLZ8Y6F65</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C. (Kuwait City, Al Asimah, KW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (Doha, Ad Dawhah, QA, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300F99IL9YJDWH369</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>QA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Joint Stock Company 'Commercial Bank CitiBank'</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CHSQDSVI1UI96Y2SW097</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>RU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Ngan Hang Trach Nhiem Huu Han Mot Thanh Vien HSBC (Viet Nam)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>213800H95OG9OHRT4Y78</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>VN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>X5AV1MBDXGRPX5UGMX13</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Auckland, Auckland, NZ, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Jung-gu, Seoul, KR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Mumbai, Maharashtra, IN, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>KR6LSKV3BTSJRD41IF75</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
        </custodians>
        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>Y</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MO" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
            <brokerDealerStateCountry brokerDealerState="US-PA" brokerDealerCountry="US"/>
            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
          </brokerDealer>
        </brokerDealers>
        <brokers>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-35008</brokerFileNo>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
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            <grossCommission>45381.67000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
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            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>22086.31000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</brokerName>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>UBS Securities LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>68870.70000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerName>HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>BofA Securities, Inc.</brokerName>
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        <aggregateCommission>622562.56000000</aggregateCommission>
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          <principalTransaction>
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          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
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        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
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            <lineOfCreditDetail>
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              <lineOfCreditInstitutions>
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                <creditUser fundName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Global Infrastructure Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Infrastructure Debt Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Real Estate Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
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        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
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            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
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            <assetClassType>Equity-preferred</assetClassType>
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        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
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      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn Focused U.S. Small Cap Active ETF</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000088604</mgmtInvSeriesId>
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        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
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        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 6c-11 (17 CFR 270.6c-11)</relyOnRuleType>
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        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
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            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
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            <transferAgentName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</transferAgentName>
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        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>Y</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
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          <pricingService>
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            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
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          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <subAdvisers>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>abrdn Investments Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-75074</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000162309</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300EI2QZDOKF0UR93</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>GB</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
        </subAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>84-00448</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MO" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AB SEB bankas</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300SBPFE9JX7N8J82</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AS SEB Pank</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300ND1MQ8SNNYMJ22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>EE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AS SEB banka</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300YW95G1VBBGGV07</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LV</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BNP Paribas (Athens, Attica, GR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>R0MUWSFPU8MPRO8K5P83</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Banco de Chile</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>8B4EZFY8IHJC44TT2K84</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Handlowy w Warszawie Spolka Akcyjna</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>XLEZHWWOI4HFQDGL4793</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Maghreb S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>5493003FVWLMBFTISI11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank del Peru S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>MYTK5NHHP1G8TVFGT193</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, AR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>579100KKDGKCFFKKF005</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Singapore, SG, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900DLWFR8HK7DR278</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MY</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Makati City, Metro Manila, PH, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Taipei City, TW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>25490016G0WR60ANOK04</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank MISR S.A.E.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300FRMQH3ELEXQI94</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>EG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank P.J.S.C.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2W8N8UU78PMDQKZENC08</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (Minato ku, Tokyo, JP, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RB0PEZSDGCO3JS6CEU02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>JP</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Helsinki, Uusimaa, FI, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>FI</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Oslo, Oslo, NO, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>X5AV1MBDXGRPX5UGMX13</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank International GmbH</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZMHGNT7ZPKZ3UFZ8EO46</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Auckland, Auckland, NZ, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Colombo, Western, LK, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Ebene, Plaines Wilhems, MU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Jung-gu, Seoul, KR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Austria AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>D1HEB8VEU6D9M8ZUXG17</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>KR6LSKV3BTSJRD41IF75</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
        </custodians>
        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>Y</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MO" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
            <brokerDealerStateCountry brokerDealerState="US-PA" brokerDealerCountry="US"/>
            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
          </brokerDealer>
        </brokerDealers>
        <brokers>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-35008</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000079</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>923.48000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-129</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000361</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>FOR8UP27PHTHYVLBNG30</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>316.98000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-8177</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007059</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>MBNUM2BPBDO7JBLYG310</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>953.41000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>UBS Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-22651</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007654</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>T6FIZBDPKLYJKFCRVK44</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>849.91000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-23292</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007784</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300OQFQ4NFIOD5695</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-RI" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1040.93000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-15869</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000008209</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>9R7GPTSO7KV3UQJZQ078</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>288.90000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>BNY Capital Markets, LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-35255</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000017454</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>VJW2DOOHGDT6PR0ZRO63</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>454.41000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Barclays Capital Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-41342</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000019714</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>AC28XWWI3WIBK2824319</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>804.66000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>RBC Capital Markets, LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-45411</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000031194</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300LCO2FLSSVFFR64</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>698.07000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>BofA Securities, Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-69787</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000283942</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300HN4UKV1E2R3U73</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>697.14000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
        </brokers>
        <aggregateCommission>9769.02000000</aggregateCommission>
        <principalTransactions>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-35008</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000000079</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>1195214.50000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-129</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000000361</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>FOR8UP27PHTHYVLBNG30</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>1628276.63000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Jefferies LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-15074</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000002347</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>58PU97L1C0WSRCWADL48</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>29965.00000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-8177</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000007059</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>MBNUM2BPBDO7JBLYG310</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>182000.00000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-15869</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000008209</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>9R7GPTSO7KV3UQJZQ078</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>175000.00000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-MA" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>17530472.80000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
        </principalTransactions>
        <principalAggregatePurchase>21819622.62000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>43319635.91692307</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <lineOfCredit hasLineOfCredit="Y">
          <lineOfCreditDetails>
            <lineOfCreditDetail>
              <isCreditLineCommitted>Committed</isCreditLineCommitted>
              <lineOfCreditSize>100000000.00000000</lineOfCreditSize>
              <lineOfCreditInstitutions>
                <lineOfCreditInstitution creditInstitutionName="State Street Bank and Trust Company"/>
              </lineOfCreditInstitutions>
              <sharedCreditType creditType="Shared">
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Dynamic Dividend Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Infrastructure Debt Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Real Estate Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
              </sharedCreditType>
              <creditLineUsed isCreditLineUsed="Y" averageCreditLineUsed="124588.00000000" daysCreditUsed="35"/>
            </lineOfCreditDetail>
          </lineOfCreditDetails>
        </lineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
            <liquidityLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</liquidityLei>
            <liquidityStateCountry liquidityCountry="US" liquidityState="US-MA"/>
            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
            <assetClassType>Equity-common</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Short-term investment vehicle</assetClassType>
          </liquidityClassificationService>
        </liquidityClassifications>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000072755</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>WHXZUD0KNN7E1GSYN207</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>N</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>2</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class A" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000229257" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="BJBHX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000229256" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="JHYIX"/>
        </sharesOutstandings>
        <fundType>N/A</fundType>
        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>N</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>Y</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <securityLendings>
          <securityLending>
            <securitiesAgentName>Securities Finance Trust Company</securitiesAgentName>
            <securitiesAgentLei>549300TG9E1QX4XYSB91</securitiesAgentLei>
            <isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>N</isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>
            <securityAgentIdemnity isSecurityAgentIdemnity="Y">
              <idemnityProviders>
                <idemnityProvider idemnityProviderName="N/A"/>
              </idemnityProviders>
              <didIndemnificationRights>N</didIndemnificationRights>
            </securityAgentIdemnity>
          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 18f-4 (17 CFR 270.18f-4)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>84-00448</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MO" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AB SEB bankas</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300SBPFE9JX7N8J82</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AS SEB Pank</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300ND1MQ8SNNYMJ22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>EE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>AS SEB banka</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300YW95G1VBBGGV07</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LV</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Handlowy w Warszawie Spolka Akcyjna</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>XLEZHWWOI4HFQDGL4793</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company (Budapest, HU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Maghreb S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>5493003FVWLMBFTISI11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Singapore, SG, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Euroclear Bank</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OZ46BRLZ8Y6F65</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2W8N8UU78PMDQKZENC08</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Joint Stock Company 'Citibank'</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300E0ROTI7ACBZH02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>UA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Joint Stock Company 'Commercial Bank CitiBank'</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CHSQDSVI1UI96Y2SW097</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>RU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (Minato ku, Tokyo, JP, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RB0PEZSDGCO3JS6CEU02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>JP</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Ngan Hang Trach Nhiem Huu Han Mot Thanh Vien HSBC (Viet Nam)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>213800H95OG9OHRT4Y78</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>VN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Helsinki, Uusimaa, FI, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>FI</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Oslo, Oslo, NO, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Johannesburg, Gauteng, ZA, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RILFO74KP1CM8P6PCT96</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank Ghana PLC</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WFGKTC3MGDCX95</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank International GmbH</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZMHGNT7ZPKZ3UFZ8EO46</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Auckland, Auckland, NZ, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
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          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
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            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
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          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
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          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Austria AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>D1HEB8VEU6D9M8ZUXG17</custodianLei>
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            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
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        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>Y</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
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            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
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            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
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            <brokerName>Canaccord Genuity LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerName>JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerName>TD Securities (USA) LLC</brokerName>
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        <principalAggregatePurchase>223859912.37000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>79368699.57000000</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <lineOfCredit hasLineOfCredit="Y">
          <lineOfCreditDetails>
            <lineOfCreditDetail>
              <isCreditLineCommitted>Committed</isCreditLineCommitted>
              <lineOfCreditSize>100000000.00000000</lineOfCreditSize>
              <lineOfCreditInstitutions>
                <lineOfCreditInstitution creditInstitutionName="State Street Bank and Trust Company"/>
              </lineOfCreditInstitutions>
              <sharedCreditType creditType="Shared">
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Dynamic Dividend Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Global Infrastructure Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Infrastructure Debt Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Real Estate Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
              </sharedCreditType>
              <isCreditLineUsed>N</isCreditLineUsed>
            </lineOfCreditDetail>
          </lineOfCreditDetails>
        </lineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
            <liquidityLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</liquidityLei>
            <liquidityStateCountry liquidityCountry="US" liquidityState="US-MA"/>
            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
            <assetClassType>Debt</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Derivative-foreign exchange</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Equity-common</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Loan</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Short-term investment vehicle</assetClassType>
          </liquidityClassificationService>
        </liquidityClassifications>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn Infrastructure Debt Fund</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000025401</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>5493008EPHWY9UQ8EC68</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>N</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>3</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class A" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000076084" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="CUGAX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000075913" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="AGCIX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Service Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000076087" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="CGFIX"/>
        </sharesOutstandings>
        <fundType>N/A</fundType>
        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>N</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>Y</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <securityLendings>
          <securityLending>
            <securitiesAgentName>Securities Finance Trust Company</securitiesAgentName>
            <securitiesAgentLei>549300TG9E1QX4XYSB91</securitiesAgentLei>
            <isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>N</isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>
            <securityAgentIdemnity isSecurityAgentIdemnity="Y">
              <idemnityProviders>
                <idemnityProvider idemnityProviderName="N/A"/>
              </idemnityProviders>
              <didIndemnificationRights>N</didIndemnificationRights>
            </securityAgentIdemnity>
          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 18f-4 (17 CFR 270.18f-4)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <subAdvisers>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>abrdn Investments Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-75074</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000162309</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300EI2QZDOKF0UR93</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>GB</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
        </subAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>84-00448</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MO" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BNP Paribas (Athens, Attica, GR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>R0MUWSFPU8MPRO8K5P83</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Banco de Chile</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>8B4EZFY8IHJC44TT2K84</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Handlowy w Warszawie Spolka Akcyjna</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>XLEZHWWOI4HFQDGL4793</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company (Bucharest, Bucharest, RO, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>RO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company (Budapest, HU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank del Peru S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>MYTK5NHHP1G8TVFGT193</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Singapore, SG, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Cititrust Colombia S A Sociedad Fiduciaria</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300242J3IJCOSGI49</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900DLWFR8HK7DR278</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MY</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Makati City, Metro Manila, PH, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Euroclear Bank</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OZ46BRLZ8Y6F65</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2W8N8UU78PMDQKZENC08</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Landsbankinn hf.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300TLZPT6JELDWM92</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IS</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (Minato ku, Tokyo, JP, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RB0PEZSDGCO3JS6CEU02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>JP</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Privredna Banka Zagreb - Dionicko Drustvo</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300ZHFZ4CSK7VS460</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, DK, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Helsinki, Uusimaa, FI, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>FI</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Oslo, Oslo, NO, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>X5AV1MBDXGRPX5UGMX13</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank International GmbH</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZMHGNT7ZPKZ3UFZ8EO46</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Auckland, Auckland, NZ, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Jung-gu, Seoul, KR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Austria AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>D1HEB8VEU6D9M8ZUXG17</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>KR6LSKV3BTSJRD41IF75</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
        </custodians>
        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>Y</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MO" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
            <brokerDealerStateCountry brokerDealerState="US-PA" brokerDealerCountry="US"/>
            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
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        </brokerDealers>
        <aggregateCommission>0.00000000</aggregateCommission>
        <principalTransactions>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-35008</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000000079</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>1557778.66000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-129</principalFileNo>
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            <principalLei>FOR8UP27PHTHYVLBNG30</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>822171.28000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Jefferies LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-15074</principalFileNo>
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            <principalLei>58PU97L1C0WSRCWADL48</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>342107.10000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
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          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</principalName>
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            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>627470.53000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-41562</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000019585</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>CYYGQCGNHMHPSMRL3R97</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>308574.00000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Barclays Capital Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-41342</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000019714</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>AC28XWWI3WIBK2824319</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>510684.26000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>RBC Capital Markets, LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-45411</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000031194</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>549300LCO2FLSSVFFR64</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>1460925.00000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>MarketAxess Corporation</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-50727</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000044542</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>GPSMMRI21JE7ZCVYF972</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>909572.25000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>Jane Street Execution Services, LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-69254</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000167280</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>549300HXJLXCPDWAH070</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>1104025.63000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-MA" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>11916327.81000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
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        <principalAggregatePurchase>21178510.29000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>22943757.43846153</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <lineOfCredit hasLineOfCredit="Y">
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            <lineOfCreditDetail>
              <isCreditLineCommitted>Committed</isCreditLineCommitted>
              <lineOfCreditSize>100000000.00000000</lineOfCreditSize>
              <lineOfCreditInstitutions>
                <lineOfCreditInstitution creditInstitutionName="State Street Bank and Trust Company"/>
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              <sharedCreditType creditType="Shared">
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                <creditUser fundName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Global Infrastructure Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Real Estate Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
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              <creditLineUsed isCreditLineUsed="Y" averageCreditLineUsed="156204.00000000" daysCreditUsed="50"/>
            </lineOfCreditDetail>
          </lineOfCreditDetails>
        </lineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
            <liquidityLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</liquidityLei>
            <liquidityStateCountry liquidityCountry="US" liquidityState="US-MA"/>
            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
            <assetClassType>Debt</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Derivative-foreign exchange</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Short-term investment vehicle</assetClassType>
          </liquidityClassificationService>
        </liquidityClassifications>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn International Small Cap Active ETF</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000093583</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>2138009WU9KXXQ123H53</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>Y</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>0</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="abrdn International Small Cap Active ETF" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000261971" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="ASCI"/>
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        <fundTypes>
          <fundType>Exchange-Traded Fund</fundType>
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        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>N</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>N</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 12d1-4 (17 CFR 270.12d1-4)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 6c-11 (17 CFR 270.6c-11)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
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        <subAdvisers>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>abrdn Investments Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-75074</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000162309</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300EI2QZDOKF0UR93</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>GB</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
        </subAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>85-05003</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MA" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>Y</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BNP Paribas (Athens, Attica, GR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>R0MUWSFPU8MPRO8K5P83</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
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          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Banco de Chile</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>8B4EZFY8IHJC44TT2K84</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
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          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Handlowy w Warszawie Spolka Akcyjna</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>XLEZHWWOI4HFQDGL4793</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
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          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Bank Hapoalim B.M.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>B6ARUI4946ST4S7WOU88</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
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          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company (Budapest, HU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, Anonim Sirketi</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>CWZ8NZDH5SKY12Q4US31</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>BR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank, National Association (Singapore, SG, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>E57ODZWZ7FF32TWEFA76</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900DLWFR8HK7DR278</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MY</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Jakarta, Jakarta, ID, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ID</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Makati City, Metro Manila, PH, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>PH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Taipei City, TW, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>25490016G0WR60ANOK04</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TW</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>First Abu Dhabi Bank MISR S.A.E.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300FRMQH3ELEXQI94</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>EG</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2CZOJRADNJXBLT55G526</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2W8N8UU78PMDQKZENC08</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (Minato ku, Tokyo, JP, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RB0PEZSDGCO3JS6CEU02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>JP</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Ngan Hang Trach Nhiem Huu Han Mot Thanh Vien HSBC (Viet Nam)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>213800H95OG9OHRT4Y78</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>VN</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>SE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, DK, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Oslo, Oslo, NO, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NO</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>X5AV1MBDXGRPX5UGMX13</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300O1LQYCQ7G1IM57</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>TH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300RBHWW5EJIRG629</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank International GmbH</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZMHGNT7ZPKZ3UFZ8EO46</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Auckland, Auckland, NZ, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Colombo, Western, LK, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Jung-gu, Seoul, KR, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>KR</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Austria AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>D1HEB8VEU6D9M8ZUXG17</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>KR6LSKV3BTSJRD41IF75</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CZ</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
        </custodians>
        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>N</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MA" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>Y</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
            <brokerDealerStateCountry brokerDealerState="US-PA" brokerDealerCountry="US"/>
            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
          </brokerDealer>
        </brokerDealers>
        <brokers>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>UBS Securities LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-22651</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007654</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>T6FIZBDPKLYJKFCRVK44</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>55.79000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Wells Fargo Securities, LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-65876</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000126292</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>VYVVCKR63DVZZN70PB21</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NC" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>44.65000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
        </brokers>
        <aggregateCommission>100.44000000</aggregateCommission>
        <principalTransactions>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-MA" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>1380691.23000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
        </principalTransactions>
        <principalAggregatePurchase>1380691.23000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>89636913.12000000</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <hasLineOfCredit>N</hasLineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn Real Estate Fund</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000061521</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>254900YH99OP8UACHG55</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>N</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>2</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class A" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000199217" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="AIAGX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000199218" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="AIGYX"/>
        </sharesOutstandings>
        <fundType>N/A</fundType>
        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>Y</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>Y</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <securityLendings>
          <securityLending>
            <securitiesAgentName>Securities Finance Trust Company</securitiesAgentName>
            <securitiesAgentLei>549300TG9E1QX4XYSB91</securitiesAgentLei>
            <isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>N</isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>
            <securityAgentIdemnity isSecurityAgentIdemnity="Y">
              <idemnityProviders>
                <idemnityProvider idemnityProviderName="N/A"/>
              </idemnityProviders>
              <didIndemnificationRights>N</didIndemnificationRights>
            </securityAgentIdemnity>
          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <subAdvisers>
          <subAdviser>
            <subAdviserName>abrdn Investments Limited</subAdviserName>
            <subAdviserFileNo>801-75074</subAdviserFileNo>
            <subAdviserCrdNo>000162309</subAdviserCrdNo>
            <subAdviserLei>549300EI2QZDOKF0UR93</subAdviserLei>
            <isSubAdviserAffiliated>Y</isSubAdviserAffiliated>
            <subAdviserCountry>GB</subAdviserCountry>
            <isSubAdviserHired>N</isSubAdviserHired>
          </subAdviser>
        </subAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>84-00448</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MO" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
            <isTransferAgentSubAgent>N</isTransferAgentSubAgent>
          </transferAgent>
        </transferAgents>
        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300B56MD0ZC402L06</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceOther>13-3668779</pricingServiceOther>
            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-GA" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>213800QAUUUP6I445N30</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceCountry>GB</pricingServiceCountry>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>549300WIC0TOJ7N7GD54</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
            <pricingServiceLei>Y6X4K52KMJMZE7I7MY94</pricingServiceLei>
            <pricingServiceStateCountry pricingServiceState="US-NY" pricingServiceCountry="US"/>
            <isPricingServiceAffiliated>N</isPricingServiceAffiliated>
          </pricingService>
        </pricingServices>
        <isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>N</isPricingServiceHiredOrTerminated>
        <custodians>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>BANCO CITI MEXICO S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO CITI MEXICO</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>529900H31AYI6WA1J534</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>MX</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Citibank Europe Public Limited Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>N1FBEDJ5J41VKZLO2475</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>IE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Clearstream Banking S.A.</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300OL514RA0SXJJ44</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>LU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign securities depository - rule 17f-7 (17 CFR 270.17f-7)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (Amsterdam, Noord Holland, NL, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>NL</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>FirstRand Bank Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZAYQDKTCATIXF9OQY690</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>ZA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (Minato ku, Tokyo, JP, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>RB0PEZSDGCO3JS6CEU02</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>JP</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Royal Bank of Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ES7IP3U3RHIGC71XBU11</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, DK, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>F3JS33DEI6XQ4ZBPTN86</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank International GmbH</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>ZMHGNT7ZPKZ3UFZ8EO46</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>DE</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianStateCountry custodianState="US-MA" custodianCountry="US"/>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>N</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Bank - section 17(f)(1) (15 U.S.C. 80a-17(f)(1))</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Bank and Trust Company (Edinburgh, GB, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>GB</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>State Street Trust Company Canada</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300L71XG2CTQ2V827</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CA</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>HK</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (Sydney, NSW, AU, Branch)</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>2HI3YI5320L3RW6NJ957</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AU</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UBS Switzerland AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>549300WOIFUSNYH0FL22</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>CH</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
          <custodian>
            <custodianName>UniCredit Bank Austria AG</custodianName>
            <custodianLei>D1HEB8VEU6D9M8ZUXG17</custodianLei>
            <custodianCountry>AT</custodianCountry>
            <isCustodianAffiliated>N</isCustodianAffiliated>
            <isSubCustodian>Y</isSubCustodian>
            <custodyType>Foreign custodian - rule 17f-5 (17 CFR 270.17f-5)</custodyType>
          </custodian>
        </custodians>
        <isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>Y</isCustodianHiredOrTerminated>
        <shareholderServicingAgents>
          <shareholderServicingAgent>
            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
            <shareholderServiceAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</shareholderServiceAgentLei>
            <shareholderServiceAgentStateCountry shareholderServiceAgentState="US-MO" shareholderServiceAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>N</isShareholderServiceAgentAffiliated>
            <isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>N</isShareholderServiceAgentSubshare>
          </shareholderServicingAgent>
        </shareholderServicingAgents>
        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
        <admins>
          <admin>
            <adminName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</adminName>
            <adminLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-MA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>N</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>Y</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
            <adminLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</adminLei>
            <adminStateCountry adminState="US-PA" adminCountry="US"/>
            <isAdminAffiliated>Y</isAdminAffiliated>
            <isAdminSubAdmin>N</isAdminSubAdmin>
          </admin>
        </admins>
        <isAdminHiredOrTerminated>N</isAdminHiredOrTerminated>
        <brokerDealers>
          <brokerDealer>
            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
            <brokerDealerFileNo>8-67799</brokerDealerFileNo>
            <brokerDealerCrdNo>000146230</brokerDealerCrdNo>
            <brokerDealerLei>2138007O8Z7FY13LG555</brokerDealerLei>
            <brokerDealerStateCountry brokerDealerState="US-PA" brokerDealerCountry="US"/>
            <brokerDealerCommission>0.00000000</brokerDealerCommission>
          </brokerDealer>
        </brokerDealers>
        <brokers>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Raymond James &amp; Associates, Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-10999</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000000705</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>U4ONQX15J3RO8XCKE979</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-FL" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>715.23000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Scotia Capital (USA) Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-3716</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000002739</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300BLWPABP1VNME36</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1193.55000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-8177</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000007059</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>MBNUM2BPBDO7JBLYG310</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1448.79000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerCrdNo>000007784</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300OQFQ4NFIOD5695</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-RI" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1071.69000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>Robert W. Baird &amp; Co. Incorporated</brokerName>
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            <brokerCrdNo>000008158</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300772UJAHRD6LO53</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-WI" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>936.23000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>National Financial Services LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-26740</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000013041</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300JRHF1MHHWUAW04</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-MA" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>810.87000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>BNY Capital Markets, LLC</brokerName>
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            <brokerCrdNo>000017454</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>VJW2DOOHGDT6PR0ZRO63</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1957.16000000</grossCommission>
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          <broker>
            <brokerName>Mizuho Securities USA LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-37710</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000019647</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>7TK5RJIZDFROZCA6XF66</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>2614.83000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>RBC Capital Markets, LLC</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-45411</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000031194</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300LCO2FLSSVFFR64</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>873.55000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
          <broker>
            <brokerName>BofA Securities, Inc.</brokerName>
            <brokerFileNo>8-69787</brokerFileNo>
            <brokerCrdNo>000283942</brokerCrdNo>
            <brokerLei>549300HN4UKV1E2R3U73</brokerLei>
            <brokerStateCountry brokerState="US-NY" brokerCountry="US"/>
            <grossCommission>1341.13000000</grossCommission>
          </broker>
        </brokers>
        <aggregateCommission>16768.93000000</aggregateCommission>
        <principalTransactions>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-35008</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000000079</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>ZBUT11V806EZRVTWT807</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>174000.00000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>BofA Securities, Inc.</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>8-69787</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>000283942</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>549300HN4UKV1E2R3U73</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-NY" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>60091.81000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
          <principalTransaction>
            <principalName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</principalName>
            <principalFileNo>N/A</principalFileNo>
            <principalCrdNo>N/A</principalCrdNo>
            <principalLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</principalLei>
            <principalStateCountry principalState="US-MA" principalCountry="US"/>
            <principalTotalPurchaseSale>11644009.83000000</principalTotalPurchaseSale>
          </principalTransaction>
        </principalTransactions>
        <principalAggregatePurchase>11878101.64000000</principalAggregatePurchase>
        <isBrokerageResearchPayment>N</isBrokerageResearchPayment>
        <mnthlyAvgNetAssets>37057116.32692307</mnthlyAvgNetAssets>
        <lineOfCredit hasLineOfCredit="Y">
          <lineOfCreditDetails>
            <lineOfCreditDetail>
              <isCreditLineCommitted>Committed</isCreditLineCommitted>
              <lineOfCreditSize>100000000.00000000</lineOfCreditSize>
              <lineOfCreditInstitutions>
                <lineOfCreditInstitution creditInstitutionName="State Street Bank and Trust Company"/>
              </lineOfCreditInstitutions>
              <sharedCreditType creditType="Shared">
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Dynamic Dividend Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Global Infrastructure Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Infrastructure Debt Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
              </sharedCreditType>
              <creditLineUsed isCreditLineUsed="Y" averageCreditLineUsed="204359.00000000" daysCreditUsed="41"/>
            </lineOfCreditDetail>
          </lineOfCreditDetails>
        </lineOfCredit>
        <isInterfundLending>N</isInterfundLending>
        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
        <liquidityClassifications>
          <liquidityClassificationService>
            <liquidityName>State Street Bank and Trust Company</liquidityName>
            <liquidityLei>571474TGEMMWANRLN572</liquidityLei>
            <liquidityStateCountry liquidityCountry="US" liquidityState="US-MA"/>
            <isAffiliatedPerson>N</isAffiliatedPerson>
            <assetClassType>Equity-common</assetClassType>
            <assetClassType>Short-term investment vehicle</assetClassType>
          </liquidityClassificationService>
        </liquidityClassifications>
        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
      </managementInvestmentQuestion>
      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
        <mgmtInvFundName>abrdn Short Duration High Yield Municipal Fund</mgmtInvFundName>
        <mgmtInvSeriesId>S000061519</mgmtInvSeriesId>
        <mgmtInvLei>2549000NLXQH3PZ50Y82</mgmtInvLei>
        <isFirstFilingByFund>N</isFirstFilingByFund>
        <numAuthorizedClass>3</numAuthorizedClass>
        <numAddedClass>0</numAddedClass>
        <numTerminatedClass>0</numTerminatedClass>
        <sharesOutstandings>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class A" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000199213" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="AAHMX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Class C" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000224176" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="ACHMX"/>
          <sharesOutstanding sharesOutstandingClassName="Institutional Class" sharesOutstandingClassId="C000199214" sharesOutstandingTickerSymbol="AHYMX"/>
        </sharesOutstandings>
        <fundType>N/A</fundType>
        <isNonDiversifiedCompany>N</isNonDiversifiedCompany>
        <isForeignSubsidiary>N</isForeignSubsidiary>
        <isFundSecuritiesLending>Y</isFundSecuritiesLending>
        <didFundLendSecurities>N</didFundLendSecurities>
        <securityLendings>
          <securityLending>
            <securitiesAgentName>Securities Finance Trust Company</securitiesAgentName>
            <securitiesAgentLei>549300TG9E1QX4XYSB91</securitiesAgentLei>
            <isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>N</isSecuritiesAgentAffiliated>
            <securityAgentIdemnity isSecurityAgentIdemnity="Y">
              <idemnityProviders>
                <idemnityProvider idemnityProviderName="N/A"/>
              </idemnityProviders>
              <didIndemnificationRights>N</didIndemnificationRights>
            </securityAgentIdemnity>
          </securityLending>
        </securityLendings>
        <paymentToAgentManagerType>N/A</paymentToAgentManagerType>
        <avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>N/A</avgPortfolioSecuritiesValue>
        <netIncomeSecuritiesLending>N/A</netIncomeSecuritiesLending>
        <relyOnRuleTypes>
          <relyOnRuleType>Rule 32a-4 (17 CFR 270.32a-4)</relyOnRuleType>
        </relyOnRuleTypes>
        <isExpenseLimitationInPlace>Y</isExpenseLimitationInPlace>
        <isExpenseReducedOrWaived>Y</isExpenseReducedOrWaived>
        <isFeesWaivedRecoupable>Y</isFeesWaivedRecoupable>
        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
        <investmentAdvisers>
          <investmentAdviser>
            <investmentAdviserName>abrdn Inc.</investmentAdviserName>
            <investmentAdviserFileNo>801-49966</investmentAdviserFileNo>
            <investmentAdviserCrdNo>000111069</investmentAdviserCrdNo>
            <investmentAdviserLei>549300RU316J568TLL50</investmentAdviserLei>
            <investmentAdviserStateCountry investmentAdviserState="US-PA" investmentAdviserCountry="US"/>
            <isInvestmentAdviserHired>N</isInvestmentAdviserHired>
          </investmentAdviser>
        </investmentAdvisers>
        <transferAgents>
          <transferAgent>
            <transferAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</transferAgentName>
            <transferAgentFileNo>84-00448</transferAgentFileNo>
            <transferAgentLei>21B7QCD05XOK0YTYOP98</transferAgentLei>
            <transferAgentStateCountry transferAgentState="US-MO" transferAgentCountry="US"/>
            <isTransferAgentAffiliated>N</isTransferAgentAffiliated>
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        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
        <pricingServices>
          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
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            <pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>Tax ID</pricingServiceIdNumberDesc>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>London Stock Exchange Group PLC</pricingServiceName>
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            <pricingServiceName>PricingDirect Inc.</pricingServiceName>
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            <shareholderServiceAgentName>SS&amp;C GIDS, Inc.</shareholderServiceAgentName>
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          <admin>
            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
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        <brokerDealers>
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            <brokerDealerName>Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC</brokerDealerName>
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            <principalName>Herbert J Sims &amp; Co. Inc.</principalName>
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          <principalTransaction>
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                <creditUser fundName="abrdn EM SMA Completion Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Emerging Markets Ex-China Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
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                <creditUser fundName="abrdn High Income Opportunities Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
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                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Real Estate Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn U.S. Sustainable Leaders Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
                <creditUser fundName="abrdn Ultra Short Municipal Income Fund" secFileNo="811-22132"/>
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        <isInterfundBorrowing>N</isInterfundBorrowing>
        <isSwingPricing>N</isSwingPricing>
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          <liquidityClassificationService>
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        <isLiquidityHiredTerminated>N</isLiquidityHiredTerminated>
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      <managementInvestmentQuestion>
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        <mgmtInvLei>549300TNQR941YMI8Q62</mgmtInvLei>
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        <relyOnRuleTypes>
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        <isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>N</isExpenseWaivedRecoupable>
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        <isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>N</isTransferAgentHiredOrTerminated>
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            <pricingServiceName>Bloomberg L.P.</pricingServiceName>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>ICE Data Services, Inc.</pricingServiceName>
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        <isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>N</isShareholderServiceHiredTerminated>
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            <adminName>abrdn Inc.</adminName>
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        <brokerDealers>
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          <pricingService>
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          <pricingService>
            <pricingServiceName>S&amp;P Global Inc.</pricingServiceName>
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