485APOS 1 a12-14553_1485apos.htm N-1A

 

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 15, 2012

 

File No. 333-146680

File No. 811-22132

 

 

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM N-1A

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF l933  x

 

Pre-Effective Amendment No.               o

Post-Effective Amendment No. 47         x

and/or

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF l940  x

 

Amendment No. 49                          x

(Check appropriate box or boxes)

 


 

ABERDEEN FUNDS

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: 866-667-9231

 


 

Lucia Sitar, Esq.

c/o Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.

1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copy to:
Rose F. DiMartino, Esq.
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
787 Seventh Avenue
New York, New York 10019-6099

 


 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

 

o

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

o

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

o

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

o

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

x

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

o

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

o

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post effective amendment.

 

This post-effective amendment only relates to all of the share classes of the Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund.

 

 

 



 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. A REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THE SECURITIES DESCRIBED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SOLD UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH THE OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL.

 

ABERDEEN FUNDS

 

PROSPECTUS

[   ], 2012

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

Class A — [   ] · Class C — [   ] · Class R — [   ] · Institutional Class — [   ] · Institutional Service Class — [   ]

 

As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved this Fund’s shares or determined whether this prospectus is complete or accurate. To state otherwise is a crime.

 



 

Table of Contents

 

Summary

 

Page

 

 

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

1

 

 

 

Fund Details

 

 

 

 

 

Additional Information about Investments, Investment Techniques and Risks

 

6

 

 

 

Fund Management

 

 

 

 

 

Investment Adviser & Subadviser

 

13

Management Fees

 

13

Portfolio Management

 

13

 

 

 

Investing with Aberdeen Funds

 

 

 

 

 

A Note About Share Classes

 

15

Choosing a Share Class

 

15

Reduction and Waiver of Class A Sales Charges

 

17

Waiver of Contingent Deferred Sales Charges — Class A and Class C Shares

 

19

Contacting Aberdeen Funds

 

23

Share Price

 

23

Buying Shares

 

25

Fair Value Pricing

 

27

In-Kind Purchases

 

27

Customer Identification Information

 

27

Accounts with Low Balances

 

28

Exchanging Shares

 

28

Automatic Withdrawal Program

 

28

Selling Shares

 

28

Excessive or Short-Term Trading

 

29

Restrictions on Transactions

 

30

Exchange and Redemption Fees

 

30

 

 

 

Distributions and Taxes

 

 

 

 

 

Income and Capital Gains Distributions

 

32

Tax Considerations

 

32

Selling and Exchanging Shares

 

33

Tax Status for Retirement Plans and Other Tax-Deferred Accounts

 

33

Backup Withholding

 

33

Other

 

33

Financial Highlights

 

35

 



 

Summary — Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Objective

 

The Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund (the “Emerging Markets Debt Fund” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term total return.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay when you buy and hold shares of the Emerging Markets Debt Fund.  You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in Aberdeen Funds.  More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial advisor and in the “Investing with Aberdeen Funds: Choosing a Share Class — Reduction and Waiver of Class A Sales Charges” section on page [   ] of the Fund’s prospectus and in the “Additional Information on Purchases and Sales - Waiver of Class A Sales Charges” and “Reduction of Sales Charges” section on pages [   ] - [   ] of the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your
investment)

 

Class A
Shares

 

Class C
Shares

 

Class R
Shares

 

Institutional
Class Shares

 

Institutional
Service Class
Shares

 

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) imposed upon purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

 

4.25

%

None

 

None

 

None

 

None

 

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of offering or sale price, whichever is less)

 

None

 

1.00

%

None

 

None

 

None

 

Redemption/Exchange Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed or exchanged) (for shares redeemed or exchanged within 15 days after the date of purchase)

 

2.00

%

2.00

%

2.00

%

2.00

%

2.00

%

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Management Fees

 

0.75

%

0.75

%

0.75

%

0.75

%

0.75

%

Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees

 

0.25

%

1.00

%

0.50

%

None

 

None

 

Other Expenses

 

0.85

%

0.80

%

0.85

%

0.80

%

0.85

%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

 

1.85

%

2.55

%

2.10

%

1.55

%

1.60

%

Less: Amount of Fee Limitations/Expense Reimbursements(2)

 

0.65

%

0.65

%

0.65

%

0.65

%

0.65

%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Limitations/Expense Reimbursements

 

1.20

%

1.90

%

1.45

%

0.90

%

0.95

%

 


(1)          The “Annual Fund Operating Expenses” are based on anticipated fees and expenses payable by the Fund for the current fiscal year.

 

(2)          Aberdeen Funds (the “Trust”) and Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. (the “Adviser”) have entered into a written contract limiting operating expenses to 0.90% for all Classes of the Fund at least through the first year of operations. This limit excludes certain expenses, including any taxes, interest, brokerage fees, short-sale dividend expenses, Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, 12b-1 fees, administrative services fees and extraordinary expenses. The Trust is authorized to reimburse the Adviser for management fees previously limited and/or for expenses previously paid by the Adviser, provided, however, that any reimbursements must be paid at a date not more than three years after the date when the Adviser limited the fees or reimbursed the expenses and the reimbursements do not cause a Class to exceed the applicable expense limitation in the contract at the time the fees were limited or expenses are paid.  This contract may not be terminated before the end of the Fund’s first year of operations.

 

1



 

Example

 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Emerging Markets Debt Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

 

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your shares at the end of those periods. It assumes a 5% return each year, no change in expenses and the expense limitations (if applicable). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

 

 

1 Year

 

3 Years

 

Class A shares

 

$

542

 

$

921

 

Class C shares

 

$

293

 

$

732

 

Class R shares

 

$

148

 

$

595

 

Institutional Class shares

 

$

92

 

$

426

 

Institutional Service Class shares

 

$

97

 

$

441

 

 

You would pay the following expenses on the same investment if you did not sell your shares:

 

 

 

1 Year

 

3 Years

 

Class C shares

 

$

193

 

$

732

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Emerging Markets Debt Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio).  A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account.  These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Principal Strategies

 

As a non-fundamental policy, under normal circumstances, the Emerging Markets Debt Fund invests at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in emerging markets debt securities. Emerging market countries are countries that major international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, generally consider to be less economically mature than developed nations. Emerging market countries can include every nation in the world except the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and most countries located in Western Europe. Emerging market securities include securities that are economically linked to an emerging market country and which are issued by: (a) government-related bodies of emerging market countries; and/or (b) corporations that (i) are organized under the laws of, or have their principal office in, an emerging market country, (ii) have their principal securities trading market in an emerging market country, or (iii) alone or on a consolidated basis derive 50% or more of their annual revenue or assets from goods produced, sales made or services performed in emerging markets countries. An emerging market country is any country determined by the Adviser or Sub-Adviser to have an emerging market economy, considering factors such as the country’s credit rating, its political and economic stability and the development of its financial and capital markets. Debt securities, for purposes of the 80% policy, include but are not limited to conventional and index-linked bonds, interest rate swaps, foreign exchange, conventional bonds, inflation-linked sovereign and quasi-sovereign bonds and private placements including securities issued under Regulation S. The Fund may invest in both investment-grade and high yield securities (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”). The Fund may invest in securities of any maturity.

 

The Emerging Markets Debt Fund is nondiversified and may invest a significant portion of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a small number of issuers.

 

The portfolio management team will seek to identify those instruments that are likely to provide the greatest outperformance, taking account of forward-looking risks. It will assess both the risk-return profile of an individual investment, as well as the risk-return impact of its incremental addition to the Fund as a whole, and then construct a diversified, risk-controlled portfolio of instruments.

 

If the Fund changes its 80% investment policy, it will notify shareholders at least 60 days before the change and will change the name of the Fund.

 

The Fund may invest in derivative instruments. Derivative instruments may be used for hedging purposes and for gaining risk exposures to countries, currencies and securities that are permitted investments for the Fund. The Fund may use derivative instruments as a substitute for purchasing or selling securities or for non-hedging purposes to seek to enhance potential gains. Permitted derivative instruments include, but are not limited to, fixed income futures, non-deliverable forwards and swaps (including, but not limited to, credit default, credit derivative, interest rate, currency and inflation swaps). Derivative instruments may be used to adjust the interest rate, yield curve, currency, credit and spread risk exposure of the Fund, or for other purposes deemed necessary by the Adviser and/or Sub-Adviser to pursue the Fund’s investment objective. Credit derivatives may be used to adjust the Fund’s exposure to the emerging market debt sector and/or sell/buy protection on the credit risk of individual issuers or a basket of individual issuers. The Fund may take short positions via derivatives in securities, interest rates, credits, currencies and markets. To the

 

2



 

extent that the Fund invests in derivatives with an underlying asset that meets the 80% policy previously noted, the value of the derivative would be included to meet the 80% policy.

 

For additional information regarding derivatives, see “Fund Details: Additional Information about Investments, Investment Techniques and Risks” in the prospectus.

 

The Fund’s investment objective may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.

 

Principal Risks

 

The Emerging Markets Debt Fund cannot guarantee that it will achieve its investment objective.

 

As with any fund, the value of the Fund’s investments — and therefore, the value of Fund shares — may fluctuate. These changes may occur because of:

 

Credit Risk - a debt instrument’s price depends, in part, on the credit quality of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or underlying collateral and can decline in response to changes in the financial condition of the issuer, borrower, counterparty, or underlying collateral, or changes in specific or general market, economic, industry, political, regulatory, geopolitical, or other conditions.

 

Interest Rate Risk — changes in interest rates may cause a decline in the market value of an investment. With bonds and other fixed-income securities, a rise in interest rates typically causes a fall in values.

 

Call and Redemption Risk — some bonds allow the issuer to call a bond for redemption before it matures. If this happens, the Fund may be required to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.

 

Foreign Risk — foreign securities may be more volatile, harder to price and less liquid than U.S. securities.

 

Emerging Markets Risk — a magnification of the risks that apply to foreign investments. These risks are greater for securities of companies in emerging market countries because the countries may have less stable governments, more volatile currencies and less established markets.

 

Market Risk — the Fund could lose value if the individual bonds in which it invests or overall bond markets in which such bonds trade go down.

 

Selection Risk — the investment team may select securities that underperform the market or other funds with similar investment objectives and strategies.

 

High-Yield Bonds and Other Lower-Rated Securities — the Fund’s investments in high-yield bonds (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) and other lower-rated securities will subject the Fund to substantial risk of loss.  Issuers of these securities are generally considered to be less financially secure and less able to repay interest and principal than issuers of investment-grade securities.  Prices of high-yield bonds tend to be very volatile.  These securities are less liquid than investment-grade debt securities and may be difficult to price or sell, particularly in times of negative sentiment toward high-yield securities.

 

Prepayment Risk — as interest rates decline, debt issuers may repay or refinance their loans or obligations earlier than anticipated.  The issuers of fixed income securities may, therefore, repay principal in advance.  This forces the Fund to reinvest the proceeds from the principal prepayments at lower rates, which reduces the Fund’s income.

 

Extension Risk — principal repayments may not occur as quickly as anticipated, causing the expected maturity of a security to increase.  Rapidly rising interest rates may cause prepayments to occur more slowly than expected, thereby lengthening the maturity of the securities held by the Fund and making their prices more sensitive to rate changes and more volatile.

 

Non-Diversified Fund Risk — because the Fund is non-diversified, the Fund may hold larger positions in fewer securities than other funds. As a result, a single security’s increase or decrease in value may have a greater impact on the Fund’s value and total return.

 

Derivatives Risk (including Options, Futures and Swaps) — derivatives are speculative and may hurt the Fund’s performance.  Derivatives present the risk of disproportionately increased losses and/or reduced opportunities for gains when the financial asset or measure to which the derivative is linked changes in unexpected ways. The potential benefits to be derived from the Fund’s options, futures and derivatives strategy are dependent upon the portfolio managers’ ability to discern pricing inefficiencies and predict trends in these markets, which decisions could prove to be inaccurate. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of individual debt securities, and there can be no assurance that the use of this strategy will be successful.

 

Speculative Exposure Risk — to the extent that a derivative or practice is not used as a hedge, the Fund is directly exposed to its risks. Gains or losses from speculative positions in a derivative may be much greater than the derivative’s original cost. For example, potential losses from writing uncovered call options and from speculative short sales are unlimited.

 

3



 

Hedged Exposure Risk — losses generated by a derivative or practice used by the Fund for hedging purposes should be substantially offset by gains on the hedged investment. However, while hedging can reduce or eliminate losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains.

 

Correlation Risk — the Fund is exposed to the risk that changes in the value of a hedging instrument will not match those of the investment being hedged.

 

Non-Hedging Foreign Currency Trading Risk — the Fund may engage in forward foreign currency transactions for speculative purposes. In pursuing this strategy, the Adviser seeks to profit from anticipated movements in currency rates by establishing “long” and/or “short” portions in forward contracts on various foreign currencies. Foreign exchange rates can be extremely volatile and a variance in the degree of volatility of the market or in the direction of the market from the Adviser’s expectations may produce significant losses to the Fund.

 

Restricted Securities Risk — Investments in restricted securities, including Regulation S Securities, could have the effect of increasing the Fund’s level of illiquidity. Restricted securities may be less liquid than other investments because such securities may not always be readily sold in broad public markets and the Fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at prices reflecting their true value.

 

Valuation Risk — the lack of active trading markets may make it difficult to obtain an accurate price for a security held by the Fund.

 

Impact of Large Redemptions and Purchases of Fund Shares — Occasionally, shareholders may make large redemptions or purchases of Fund shares, which may cause the Fund to have to sell securities or invest additional cash. These transactions may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and increase transaction costs. In addition, large redemption requests may exceed the cash balance of the Fund and result in overdraft charges to the Fund until the sale of portfolio securities to cover the redemption request settle.

 

If the value of the Fund’s investments goes down, you may lose money.

 

For additional information regarding the above identified risks, see “Fund Details: Additional Information about Investments, Investment Techniques and Risks” in the prospectus.

 

Performance

 

Performance information is not available for the Emerging Markets Debt Fund because it is new. For updated performance information, please visit www.aberdeen-asset.us or call 866-667-9231.

 

Investment Adviser

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. (the “Adviser”) serves as the Emerging Markets Debt Fund’s investment adviser.  The Adviser has selected Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited as subadviser (the “Subadviser”) to the Fund.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

The Fund is managed using a team-based approach, with the following team members being primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:

 

Name

 

Title

 

Served on the Fund Since

Kevin Daly

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Inception

Brett Diment

 

Head of Emerging Market Debt

 

Inception

Edwin Gutierrez

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Inception

Viktor Szabó

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Inception

Max Wolman

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Inception

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

The Fund’s minimum investment requirements are as follows:

 

CLASS A AND CLASS C SHARES

 

To open an account

 

$

1,000

 

 

 

 

 

To open an IRA account

 

$

1,000

 

 

 

 

 

Additional investments

 

$

50

 

 

 

 

 

To start an Automatic Asset Accumulation Plan

 

$

1,000

 

 

 

 

 

Additional Investments
(Automatic Asset Accumulation Plan)

 

$

50

 

 

CLASS R SHARES

 

To open an account

 

No Minimum

 

 

 

 

 

Additional investments

 

No Minimum

 

 

4



 

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS SHARES

 

To open an account

 

$

1,000,000

 

 

 

 

 

Additional investments

 

No Minimum

 

 

INSTITUTIONAL SERVICE CLASS SHARES

 

To open an account

 

$

1,000,000

 

 

 

 

 

Additional investments

 

No Minimum

 

 

 

Minimum investment requirements do not apply to purchases by employees of the Adviser or its affiliates (or their spouses, children or immediate relatives), and generally do not apply to retirement plans, fee-based programs or omnibus accounts. Certain endowments, non-profits, and charitable organizations may also be eligible for waiver of minimum investment requirements. If you purchase shares through an intermediary, different minimum account requirements may apply. The Trust reserves the right to apply or waive investment minimums under certain circumstances.

 

Fund shares may be redeemed on each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open.  Fund shares may be sold by mail or fax, by telephone or on-line.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s dividends and distributions are subject to federal income taxes and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are a tax-exempt investor or invest through a qualified employee benefit plan, retirement plan or other tax-deferred account, in which case your withdrawals from such account may be taxed as ordinary income.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services.  These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your financial advisor to recommend the Fund over another investment.  Ask your financial advisor or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

5



 

Fund Details

 

Additional Information about Principal Strategies

 

The investment objective of the Fund is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.

 

A fundamental top-down analysis is the foundation of the Adviser’s and Subadviser’s investment process for the Fund.  The portfolio management team follows a disciplined investment process that applies daily information flow into investment recommendations, portfolio construction, and risk management. The process is designed to seek to highlight total return opportunities across all emerging debt markets.

 

Additional Information about Investments, Investment Techniques and Risks

 

The Fund may invest in certain additional investments and may be subject to various risks, as set out below.

 

Corporate Bonds — Corporate bonds are debt instruments issued by domestic or foreign corporations or similar entities.

 

Credit Risk — Credit risk refers to the likelihood that an issuer will default in the payment of the principal or interest on an instrument and is broadly gauged by the credit ratings of the securities in which the Fund invests. However, ratings are only the opinions of rating agencies and are not guarantees of the quality of the securities. In addition, the depth and liquidity of the market for a fixed income security may affect its credit risk. Credit risk of a security may change over its life and rated securities are often reviewed and may be subject to downgrade by a rating agency. A fund purchasing bonds faces the risk that the creditworthiness of an issuer may decline, causing the value of the bonds to decline. In addition, an issuer may not be able to make timely payments on the interest and/or principal on the bonds it has issued. Because the issuers of high-yield bonds or junk bonds (bonds rated below the fourth highest category) may be in uncertain financial health, the prices of these bonds may be more vulnerable to bad economic news or even the expectation of bad news, than investment-grade bonds. In some cases, bonds, particularly high-yield bonds, may decline in credit quality or go into default. Because the Fund may invest in securities not paying current interest or in securities already in default, these risks may be more pronounced. Fixed income securities are not traded on exchanges. The over-the-counter market may be illiquid, and there may be times when no counterparty is willing to purchase or sell certain securities.  The nature of the market may make valuations difficult or unreliable.

 

Derivatives — The Fund may invest in financial derivative instruments and/or utilize techniques and instruments for hedging and/or investment purposes, efficient portfolio management and/or to manage foreign exchange risks.  In general these financial instruments include, but are not limited to, futures, options, swaps, forward foreign currency contracts and credit linked notes.  The Fund may enter into transactions which include, but are not limited to interest rate, equity, index and government bond futures; purchasing and writing call and put options on securities, securities indices, government bond futures, and interest rate futures; and entering into credit and credit-default, interest rate and inflation swaps.

 

Derivatives may be used for a wide variety of purposes, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

(i)             to manage the Fund’s interest rate, credit and currency exposure;

 

(ii)          as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset (where the Fund’s Adviser or Subadviser, as the case may be, believes that a derivative exposure to the underlying asset represents better value than a direct exposure);

 

(iii)       to gain an exposure to the composition and performance of a particular index; and

 

(iv)      to take short positions via derivatives in securities, interest rates, credits, currencies and markets.

 

In addition to the use of financial derivatives instruments, the Fund may also employ other techniques for efficient portfolio management, such as reverse repurchase transactions.

 

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Fund’s Adviser or Subadviser may alter the currency exposure of the Fund, solely through the use of derivative contracts (without buying or selling underlying transferable securities or currencies).  The base currency of the Fund is US Dollars.  Performance may be

 

6



 

strongly influenced by movements in currency rates because the Fund may have exposure to a particular currency that is different from the value of the securities denominated in that currency held by the Fund.  Furthermore, the Fund’s portfolio may be fully or partially hedged back to the base currency if, in the opinion of the Fund’s Adviser or Subadviser, this is believed to be appropriate.

 

Derivatives Risk (including Options, Futures and Swaps) — Derivatives are speculative and may hurt the Fund’s performance.  Derivatives present the risk of disproportionately increased losses and/or reduced opportunities for gains when the financial asset or measure to which the derivative is linked changes in unexpected ways. The potential benefits to be derived from the Fund’s options, futures and derivatives strategy are dependent upon the portfolio managers’ ability to discern pricing inefficiencies and predict trends in these markets, which decisions could prove to be inaccurate. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of individual equity or debt securities, and there can be no assurance that the use of this strategy will be successful. Some additional risks of investing in derivatives include:

 

·            the other party to the derivatives contract may fail to fulfill its obligations;

 

·            their use may reduce liquidity and make the Fund harder to value, especially in declining markets;

 

·            the Fund may suffer disproportionately heavy losses relative to the amount invested; and

 

·            changes in the value of derivatives may not match or fully offset changes in the value of the hedged portfolio securities, thereby failing to achieve the original purpose for using the derivatives.

 

Speculative Exposure Risk — To the extent that a derivative or practice is not used as a hedge, the Fund is directly exposed to its risks. Gains or losses from speculative positions in a derivative may be much greater than the derivative’s original cost. For example, potential losses from writing uncovered call options on currencies and from speculative short positions on currencies are unlimited.

 

Hedged Exposure Risk — Losses generated by a derivative or practice used by the Fund for hedging purposes should be substantially offset by gains on the hedged investment. However, while hedging can reduce or eliminate losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains.

 

Correlation Risk — The Fund is exposed to the risk that changes in the value of a hedging instrument will not match those of the investment being hedged.

 

Recent legislation calls for new regulation of the derivatives markets.  The extent and impact of the regulation are not yet known and may not be known for some time.  New regulation of derivatives may make them more costly, may limit their availability, or may otherwise adversely affect their value or performance.

 

Emerging Markets Risk —The risks of investing in foreign securities are increased in connection with investments in emerging markets. Emerging markets are countries generally considered to be relatively less developed or industrialized. Emerging markets often face economic problems that could subject the Fund to increased volatility or substantial declines in value. Deficiencies in regulatory oversight, market infrastructure, shareholder protections and company laws could expose the Fund to risks beyond those generally encountered in developed countries. In addition, profound social changes and business practices that depart from norms in developed countries’ economies have hindered the orderly growth of emerging economies and their markets in the past and have caused instability. High levels of debt tend to make emerging economies heavily reliant on foreign capital and vulnerable to capital flight. Countries in emerging markets are also more likely to experience high levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation, which could also hurt their economies and securities markets. For these and other reasons, investments in emerging markets are often considered speculative.

 

Event Risk — Event risk is the risk that a corporate event such as a restructuring, merger, leveraged buyout, takeover, or similar action may cause a decline in market value or credit quality of the issuer’s bonds due to factors including an unfavorable market response or a resulting increase in the issuer’s debt.  Added debt may significantly reduce the credit quality and market value of an issuer’s bonds.

 

Extension Risk — Extension risk is the risk that principal repayments will not occur as quickly as anticipated, causing the expected maturity of a security to increase.  Rapidly rising interest rates may cause prepayments to occur more slowly than expected, thereby lengthening the maturity of the securities held by the Fund and making their prices more sensitive to rate changes and more volatile.

 

7



 

Floating- and Variable-Rate Securities - These securities do not have fixed interest rates. Instead, the rates change over time. Floating-rate securities have interest rates that vary with changes to a specific measure, such as the Treasury bill rate. Variable-rate securities have interest rates that change at preset times based on the specific measure. Some floating- and variable-rate securities may be callable by the issuer, meaning that they can be paid off before their maturity date and the proceeds may be required to be invested in lower yielding securities that reduce the Fund’s income.

 

Like other fixed-income securities, floating- and variable- rate securities are subject to interest rate risk. The Fund will only purchase a floating- or variable-rate security of the same quality as the debt securities it would otherwise purchase.

 

Foreign Securities Risk — Foreign securities may be more volatile, harder to price and less liquid than U.S. securities. Foreign investments involve some of the following risks as well:

 

·                  political and economic instability;

 

·                  the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations;

 

·                  reduced information about issuers;

 

·                  higher transaction costs;

 

·                  less stringent regulatory and accounting standards; and

 

·                  delayed settlement.

 

Additional risks include the possibility that a foreign jurisdiction might impose or increase withholding taxes on income payable with respect to foreign securities; the possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of the issuer or foreign deposits (in which the Fund could lose its entire investment in a certain market); and the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls.

 

Futures and Options on Futures — The Fund may utilize futures and options on futures. Futures and options on futures are exchange-traded contracts that enable the Fund to hedge against or speculate on future changes in currency values, interest rates or stock indexes. Futures obligate the Fund (or give it the right, in the case of options) to receive or make payment at a specific future time based on those future changes.

 

High-Yield Bonds and Other Lower-Rated Securities — The Fund’s investments in high-yield bonds (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) and other lower-rated securities will subject the Fund to substantial risk of loss.  Issuers of these securities are generally considered to be less financially secure and less able to repay interest and principal than issuers of investment-grade securities.  Prices of high-yield bonds tend to be very volatile.  These securities are less liquid than investment-grade debt securities and may be difficult to price or sell, particularly in times of negative sentiment toward high-yield securities.  The Fund’s investments in lower-rated securities may involve the following specific risks:

 

·                  greater risk of loss due to default because of the increased likelihood that adverse economic or company specific events will make the issuer unable to pay interest and/or principal when due;

 

·                  wider price fluctuations due to changing interest rates and/or adverse economic and business developments; and

 

·                  greater risk of loss due to declining credit quality.

 

Inflation Risk — Inflation risk is the risk that prices of existing fixed-rate debt securities will decline due to inflation or the threat of inflation.  The income produced by these securities is worth less when prices for goods and services rise.  To compensate for this loss of purchasing power, the securities trade at lower prices.  Inflation also reduces the purchasing power of any income you receive from the Fund.

 

Interest Rate Risk — Interest rates have an effect on the value of the Fund’s fixed income investments because the value of those investments will vary as interest rates fluctuate. Generally, fixed income securities will decrease in value when interest rates rise and when interest rates decline, the value of fixed

 

8



 

income securities can be expected to rise. The longer the effective maturity of the Fund’s securities, the more sensitive the Fund will be to interest rate changes. (As a general rule, a 1% rise in interest rates means a 1% fall in value for every year of duration. Duration is a measure of the average life of a fixed-income security that was developed as a more precise alternative to the concepts of “term to maturity” or “average dollar weighted maturity” as measures of “volatility” or “risk” associated with changes in interest rates. With respect to the composition of a fixed-income portfolio, the longer the duration of the portfolio, generally the greater the anticipated potential for total return, with, however, greater attendant interest rate risk and price volatility than for a portfolio with a shorter duration.)

 

Investment-grade debt securities — The Fund may invest in investment-grade debt securities. Investment-grade debt securities are debt securities rated within the four highest grades (AAA/Aaa through BBB/Baa) by Standard & Poor’s or Moody’s rating services, and unrated securities of comparable quality.

 

Liquidity Risk - The risk that the Fund may invest to a greater degree in instruments that trade in lower volumes and may make investments that may be less liquid than other investments. Liquidity risk is also the risk that the Fund may make investments that may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions. When there is no willing buyer and investments cannot be readily sold at the desired time or price, the Fund may have to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell the instrument at all. An inability to sell a portfolio position can adversely affect the Fund’s value or prevent the Fund from being able to take advantage of other investment opportunities. To meet redemption requests, the Fund may be forced to sell liquid securities at an unfavorable time and conditions.

 

Market Risk — Deteriorating market conditions might cause a general weakness in the market that reduces the prices of securities in that market. Developments in a particular class of bonds could also adversely affect the Fund by reducing the relative attractiveness of bonds as an investment. Also, to the extent that the Fund emphasizes bonds from any given industry, it could be hurt if that industry does not do well.

 

Non-Diversified Fund Risk — The Fund is subject to non-diversified fund risk because it may hold larger positions in fewer securities than other funds. As a result, a single security’s increase or decrease in value may have a greater impact on the Fund’s value and total return.

 

Non-Hedging Foreign Currency Trading Risk — The Fund may engage in forward foreign currency transactions for speculative purposes. In pursuing this strategy, the Adviser or Subadviser seeks to profit from anticipated movements in currency rates by establishing “long” and/or “short” positions in forward contracts on various foreign currencies. Foreign exchange rates can be extremely volatile and a variance in the degree of volatility of the market or in the direction of the market from the Adviser’s or Subadviser’s expectations may produce significant losses to the Fund.

 

Options — The Fund may purchase and write both put and call options for hedging or speculative purposes. Options are instruments that provide a right to buy (call) or sell (put) a particular security or an index of securities at a fixed price within a certain time period. An option is out-of-the-money if the exercise price of the option is above, in the case of a call option, or below, in the case of a put option, the current price (or interest rate or yield for certain options) of the referenced security or instrument. Use of put and call options may result in losses to the Fund, force the sale or purchase of portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices higher than (in the case of put options) or lower than (in the case of call options) current market values, limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on its investments or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell.

 

Prepayment Risk — As interest rates decline, debt issuers may repay or refinance their loans or obligations earlier than anticipated. The issuers of mortgage- and asset-backed securities may, therefore, repay principal in advance. This forces the Fund to reinvest the proceeds from the principal prepayments at lower rates, which reduces the Fund’s income.

 

In addition, changes in prepayment levels can increase the volatility of prices and yields on mortgage- and asset-backed securities. If the Fund pays a premium (a price higher than the principal amount of the bond) for a mortgage- or asset-backed security and that security is prepaid, the Fund may not recover the premium, resulting in a capital loss.

 

Recent Market Events Risk — The equity and debt capital markets in the United States and internationally recently experienced financial crisis that has caused a significant decline in the value and liquidity of many securities. In response to the crisis, the U.S. and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain

 

9



 

foreign central banks took steps to support financial markets.  The withdrawal of this support could also negatively affect the value and liquidity of certain securities.  This environment could make identifying investment risks and opportunities especially difficult for the Adviser.

 

Europe — Recent Events A number of countries in Europe have experienced severe economic and financial difficulties. Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts; many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations; financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit; and financial markets in Europe and elsewhere have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen or spread within and without Europe. Whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in Europe or with significant exposure to European issuers or countries, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk - Regulatory changes could adversely affect the Fund by limiting its trading activities in futures and increasing Fund expenses. On February 9, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted amendments to its rules which will limit the Fund’s ability to use futures and swaps in reliance on certain past CFTC exemptions. If the Fund cannot execute its investment strategies within the new limits, the Adviser will be required to register with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund.  As a result of such registration, the disclosure and operations of the Fund will need to comply with all applicable regulations governing commodity pools, which will increase the Fund’s regulatory compliance costs.

 

Restricted and other illiquid securities — The Fund may invest in restricted and other illiquid securities. These securities generally have restrictions on trading or may not be actively traded. Restricted and illiquid securities may include private placements.

 

Restricted Securities Risk — Restricted securities are privately-placed securities whose resale is restricted under U.S. securities laws. The Fund may invest in restricted securities, including unregistered securities eligible for resale without registration pursuant to Rule 144A (“Rule 144A Securities”) and privately-placed securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers offered outside the U.S. without registration with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation S (“Regulation S Securities”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). Rule 144A Securities and Regulation S Securities may be freely traded among certain qualified institutional investors, such as the Fund, but whose resale in the U.S. is permitted only in limited circumstances.

 

Investments in restricted securities could have the effect of increasing the level of the Fund’s illiquidity. Restricted securities may be less liquid than other investments because such securities may not always be readily sold in broad public markets and the Fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at prices reflecting their true value. Additionally, a restricted security that was liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid.

 

Restricted securities that are determined to be illiquid may not exceed the Fund’s limit on investments in illiquid securities. After the purchase of restricted securities, the Fund’s Board of Trustees or its delegates will continue to monitor liquidity of that security to ensure that the Fund’s holdings of illiquid securities do not exceed its limit on investments in such securities.

 

The Fund’s ability to invest in restricted securities provides the Fund with opportunities to diversify and invest in securities of issuers wishing to offer and sell their securities internationally to non-U.S. investors, potentially enhancing the Fund’s opportunity to increase its investment returns in ways that are consistent with its investment objective.

 

Selection Risk — The investment team may select securities that underperform the relevant market or other funds with similar investment objectives and strategies.

 

Sovereign Debt Risk — Investment in sovereign debt can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt.  A government entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. The Fund may have limited recourse to compel payment in the event of a default.

 

Structured Instruments — The Fund may invest in structured investments. Structured investments include swaps, structured securities and other instruments that allow the Fund to gain access to the performance of a benchmark asset (such as an index or selected bonds) that may be more attractive or accessible than the Fund’s direct investment.

 

10



 

Swaps — The Fund may invest in swaps. A swap is a contract between the Fund and another party in which the parties agree to exchange streams of payments based on certain benchmarks. For example, the Fund may use swaps to gain access to the performance of a benchmark asset (such as an index or one or more bonds) where the Fund’s direct investment is restricted. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of its respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed-rate payments for floating rate payments. Credit swaps involve the receipt of floating or fixed rate payments in exchange for assuming potential credit losses on an underlying security. Currency swaps involve the exchange of the parties’ respective rights to make or receive payments in specified currencies. The Fund may also purchase and write (sell) options contracts on swaps, commonly referred to as swaptions. A swaption is an option to enter into a swap agreement. The use of interest rate swaps, credit swaps, currency swaps, options on swaps and other swap transactions, is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and currency exchange rates, or in its evaluation of the creditworthiness of swap counterparties and the issuers of the underlying assets, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if these investment techniques were not used.

 

Temporary Investments — If the Fund’s management believes that business, economic, political or financial conditions warrant, the Fund may invest without limit in cash or money market cash equivalents, including:

 

·                  short-term U.S. government securities;

 

·                  certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, and interest-bearing savings deposits of commercial banks;

 

·                  prime quality commercial paper;

 

·                  repurchase agreements covering any of the securities in which the Fund may invest directly;

 

·                  shares of money market funds; and

 

·                  shares of other investment companies that invest in securities in which the Fund may invest, to the extent permitted by applicable law.

 

The use of temporary investments prevents the Fund from fully pursuing its investment objective, and the Fund may miss potential market upswings.

 

Valuation Risk — the lack of active trading markets may make it difficult to obtain an accurate price for a security held by the Fund.

 

Warrants — The Fund may invest in warrants. Warrants are securities that give the holder the right to buy common stock at a specified price for a specified period of time. Warrants are considered speculative and have no value if they are not exercised before their expiration date.

 

When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments — The Fund may invest in when-issued securities and forward commitments. These instruments include the purchase or sale of securities for delivery at a future date. The market value may change before delivery.

 

Zero Coupon Bonds — The Fund may invest in zero coupon bonds. These securities pay no interest during the life of the security and are issued by a wide variety of governmental issuers. They often are sold at a deep discount. Zero coupon bonds may be subject to greater price changes as a result of changing interest rates than bonds that make regular interest payments; their value tends to grow more during periods of falling interest rates and, conversely, tends to fall more during periods of rising interest rates. Although not traded on a national securities exchange, zero coupon bonds are widely traded by brokers and dealers, and are considered liquid. Holders of zero coupon bonds are required by federal income tax laws to pay taxes on the interest, even though such payments are not actually being made. To avoid federal income tax liability, the Fund may have to make distributions to shareholders and may have to sell some assets at inappropriate times in order to generate cash for the distributions.

 

The Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) contains more information on the Fund’s principal investments and strategies and can be requested using the addresses and telephone numbers on the back of this prospectus.

 

11



 

Other Information

 

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure — The Fund posts on the Trust’s internet site, www.aberdeen-asset.us, substantially all of its securities holdings as of the end of each month. Such portfolio holdings are available no earlier than 15 calendar days after the end of the previous month. A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is available in the Fund’s SAI.

 

12



 

Investment Adviser & Subadviser

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc., a Delaware corporation formed in 1993, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser’s principal place of business is located at 1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. The Adviser manages and supervises the investment of the Fund’s assets on a discretionary basis.

 

The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC (“Aberdeen PLC”), which is the parent company of an asset management group managing approximately $295.0 billion in assets as of March 31, 2012 for a range of pension funds, financial institutions, investment trusts, unit trusts, offshore funds, charities and private clients, in addition to U.S. registered investment companies. Aberdeen PLC, its affiliates and subsidiaries are referred to collectively herein as “Aberdeen.” Aberdeen PLC was formed in 1983 and was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1991.

 

Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited (“AAML” or “Subadviser”), a Scottish company, serves as the Subadviser to the Fund. AAML’s principal place of business is located at Bow Bells House, 1 Bread Street, London, England, EC4M9HH.

 

The Adviser and AAML are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s investments.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the investment advisory agreement and sub-advisory agreement for the Fund will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semi-annual report to shareholders.

 

Management Fees

 

The Fund pays the Adviser a management fee based on its average daily net assets. The Adviser pays the Subadviser from the management fee it receives.

 

The total annual advisory fees the Fund pays the Adviser (as a percentage of its average daily net assets) are as follows:

 

Fund Assets

 

Management Fee

 

Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

 

 

On assets up to $500 million

 

0.75

%

On assets of $500 million or more

 

0.70

%

 

Portfolio Management

 

The Fund is managed by a team of investment professionals. A fundamental top-down analysis is the foundation of the Adviser’s and Subadviser’s investment process for the Fund. The portfolio management team follows a disciplined investment process that applies daily information flow into investment recommendations, portfolio construction, and risk management. The process is designed to seek to highlight total return opportunities across all emerging debt markets. The following portfolio managers are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund:

 

Kevin Daly, Portfolio Manager (AAML)

 

Kevin Daly is a portfolio manager on the emerging markets fixed income team. Kevin joined Aberdeen in 2007 having spent the previous ten years at Standard & Poor’s in London and Singapore. During that time Kevin worked as a credit market analyst covering global emerging markets, and then in the sovereign ratings team as head of marketing and origination. Kevin also participated in the sovereign ratings committee, and was one of the initial members of the emerging market council, formed to advise senior management on business and market developments in emerging markets. Kevin graduated with a BA in English Literature from the University of California Los Angeles.

 

Brett Diment, Head of Emerging Market Debt (AAML)

 

Brett Diment is the head of emerging markets on the debt team. Brett joined AAML via the acquisition of Deutsche Asset Management’s London and Philadelphia fixed income businesses in 2005. Brett held the same role at Deutsche Asset Management since 1999. Brett joined Deutsche Asset Management in 1991 as a graduate and started researching emerging markets in 1995. Brett graduated with a B.Sc. from the London School of Economics.

 

Edwin Gutierrez, Portfolio Manager (AAML)

 

Edwin Gutierrez is a portfolio manager on the emerging markets debt team. Edwin joined Aberdeen following the acquisition of Deutsche Asset Management’s London and Philadelphia fixed income businesses in 2005. Edwin held the same role since joining in Deutsche in 2000. Previously, Edwin worked as an emerging debt portfolio manager at Invesco Asset Management and as a Latin American economist at LGT Asset Management. Edwin graduated with an MSc from Georgetown University.

 

13



 

Viktor Szabó, Portfolio Manager (AAML)

 

Viktor Szabó is a portfolio manager on the emerging markets debt team. Viktor joined Aberdeen in July 2009 following the acquisition of certain asset management businesses from Credit Suisse Asset Management Hungary (2008 -2009) where he was country chief investment officer. Prior to that, Viktor worked for the National Bank of Hungary from 2000 to 2008, ultimately serving as the head of market analysis team. Viktor holds an MSc in Economics from the Cornivus University of Budapest and is a CFA Charterholder.

 

Max Wolman, Portfolio Manager (AAML)

 

Max Wolman is a portfolio manager on the emerging markets debt team, responsible for wider emerging debt analysis including external and corporate issuers. Max is a member of the emerging market debt investment committee and is also responsible for the daily implementation of the investment process. Max joined Aberdeen in 2001 from Liontrust Asset Management. Max graduated with a BA (Hons) in Business Management.

 

The SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, and the portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in the Fund, managed by the portfolio manager, if any.

 

Multi-Manager Structure

 

The Adviser and the Trust have received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission for a multi-manager structure that allows the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, to hire, replace or terminate a subadviser (excluding hiring a subadviser which is an affiliate of the Adviser) without the approval of shareholders. The order also allows the Adviser to revise a subadvisory agreement with an unaffiliated subadviser with the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without shareholder approval.

 

If a new unaffiliated subadviser is hired for the Fund, shareholders will receive information about the new subadviser within 90 days of the change. The multi-manager structure allows the Fund greater flexibility enabling it to operate more efficiently.

 

Under the multi-manager structure, the Adviser has ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board of Trustees, for overseeing the Fund’s Subadviser and recommending to the Board of Trustees the hiring, termination or replacement of the Subadviser. In instances where the Adviser hires a subadviser, the Adviser performs the following oversight and evaluation services to the subadvised Fund:

 

·                  initial due diligence on prospective Fund subadvisers;

 

·                  monitoring subadviser performance, including ongoing analysis and periodic consultations;

 

·                  communicating performance expectations and evaluations to the subadvisers; and

 

·                  making recommendations to the Board of Trustees regarding renewal, modification or termination of a subadviser’s contract.

 

The Adviser does not expect to frequently recommend subadviser changes. Where the Adviser does recommend subadviser changes, the Adviser periodically provides written reports to the Board of Trustees regarding its evaluation and monitoring of the subadviser. Although the Adviser monitors the Subadviser’s performance, there is no certainty that the Subadviser or the Fund will obtain favorable results at any given time.

 

14



 

Investing with Aberdeen Funds

 

A Note about Share Classes

 

The Fund offers Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class and Institutional Class shares.

 

An investment in any share class of the Fund represents an investment in the same assets of the Fund. However, the fees, sales charges and expenses for each share class are different. The different share classes simply let you choose the cost structure that is right for you. The fees and expenses for the Fund are set forth in the Fund Summary.

 

Choosing a Share Class

 

When selecting a share class, you should consider the following:

 

·                  which share classes are available to you;

 

·                  how long you expect to own your shares;

 

·                  how much you intend to invest;

 

·                  total costs and expenses associated with a particular share class; and

 

·                  whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges.

 

Your financial advisor can help you to decide which share class is best suited to your needs.

 

The table below provides a comparison of Class A and Class C shares. Class A and Class C shares are available to all investors.

 

In addition to Class A and Class C shares, the Fund also offers Class R, Institutional Service Class and Institutional Class shares which are only available to institutional accounts. Class R, Institutional Service Class and Institutional Class shares are subject to different fees and expenses, have different minimum investment requirements, and are entitled to different services. For eligible investors, Class R, Institutional Service Class and Institutional Class shares may be more suitable than Class A or Class C shares.

 

Before you invest, compare the features of each share class, so that you can choose the class that is right for you. We describe each share class in detail on the following pages. Your financial advisor can help you with this decision. When you buy shares, be sure to specify the class of shares. If you do not choose a share class, your investment will be made in Class A shares. If you are not eligible for the class you have selected, your investment may be refused. However, we recommend that you discuss your investment with a financial advisor before you make a purchase to be sure that the Fund and the share class are appropriate for you. In addition, consider the Fund’s investment objectives, principal investment strategies and principal risks to determine which Fund and share class is most appropriate for your situation.

 

15



 

Comparing Class A and Class C Shares

 

Classes and Charges

 

Points to Consider

 

 

 

Class A Shares

 

 

 

 

 

Front-end sales charge up to 4.25%

 

The offering price of the shares includes a front-end sales charge which means that a portion of your initial investment goes toward the sales charge and is not invested.

 

 

 

Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC)(1)

 

Reduction and waivers of sales charges may be available.

 

 

 

 

 

Total annual operating expenses are lower than Class C expenses which means higher dividends and/or NAV per share.

 

 

 

 

 

No conversion feature.

Annual service and/or 12b-1 fee of 0.25%

 

 

 

 

No maximum investment amount.

 

 

 

Administrative services fee of up to 0.25%

 

 

 

 

 

Class C Shares

 

 

 

 

 

CDSC of 1.00%

 

No front-end sales charge means your full investment immediately goes toward buying shares.

 

No reduction of CDSC, but waivers may be available.

 

The CDSC declines to zero after one year.

 

 

 

Annual service and/or 12b-1 fee of 1.00%

 

 

No administrative services fee

 

Total annual operating expenses are higher than Class A expenses which means lower dividends and/or NAV per share.

 

 

 

 

 

No conversion feature.

 

 

 

 

 

Maximum investment amount of $1,000,000(2). Larger investments may be rejected.

 


(1)          Unless you are otherwise eligible to purchase Class A shares without a sales charge, a CDSC of up to 0.75% will be charged on Class A shares redeemed within 18 months of purchase if you paid no sales charge on the original purchase and a finder’s fee was paid.

 

(2)          This limit was calculated based on a one-year holding period.

 

16



 

Class A Shares

 

Class A shares may be most appropriate for investors who want lower fund expenses or those who qualify for reduced front-end sales charges or a waiver of sales charges.

 

Front-End Sales Charges for Class A Shares

 

 

 

Sales Charge as a Percentage of

 

Amount of Purchase

 

Offering Price*

 

Net Amount Invested
(Approximately)

 

Dealer Commission
as a Percentage of
Offering Price

 

Less than $100,000

 

4.25

%

4.44

%

3.75

%

$100,000 up to $250,000

 

3.50

%

3.63

%

3.00

%

$250,000 up to $500,000

 

2.50

%

2.56

%

2.00

%

$500,000 up to $1 million

 

2.00

%

2.04

%

1.75

%

$1 million or more

 

None

 

None

 

None

**

 


*                 The offering price of Class A Shares of the Fund is the next determined NAV per share plus the initial sales charge listed in the table above which is paid to the Fund’s distributor at the time of purchase of shares.

 

**          Dealer may be eligible for a finder’s fee as described in “Purchasing Class A Shares without a Sales Charge” below.

 

Reduction and Waiver of Class A Sales Charges

 

If you qualify for a reduction or waiver of Class A sales charges, you must notify Customer Service, your financial advisor or other intermediary at the time of purchase and must also provide any required evidence showing that you qualify. The value of cumulative quantity discount eligible shares equals the cost or current value of those shares, whichever is higher. The current value of shares is determined by multiplying the number of shares by their current NAV. In order to obtain a sales charge reduction, you may need to provide your financial intermediary or the Fund’s transfer agent, at the time of purchase, with information regarding shares of the Aberdeen Funds held in other accounts which may be eligible for aggregation. Such information may include account statements or other records regarding shares of the Aberdeen Funds held in (i) all accounts (e.g., retirement accounts) with the Aberdeen Funds and your financial intermediary; (ii) accounts with other financial intermediaries; and (iii) accounts in the name of immediate family household members (spouse and children under 21). You should retain any records necessary to substantiate historical costs because the Fund, its transfer agent, and financial intermediaries may not maintain this information. Otherwise, you may not receive the reduction or waiver. See “Reduction of Class A Sales Charges” and “Waiver of Class A Sales Charges” below and “Reduction of Class A Sales Charges” in the SAI for more information. This information regarding breakpoints is available free of charge by visiting www.aberdeen-asset.us.

 

Reduction of Class A Sales Charges

 

Investors may be able to reduce or eliminate front-end sales charges on Class A shares through one or more of these methods:

 

·                  A Larger Investment. The sales charge decreases as the amount of your investment increases.

 

·                  Rights of Accumulation. To qualify for the reduced Class A sales charge that would apply to a larger purchase than you are currently making (as shown in

 

17



 

the tables above), you and other family members living at the same address can add the value of any Class A or Class C shares in all Aberdeen Funds that you currently own or are currently purchasing to the value of your Class A purchase.

 

·                  Share Repurchase Privilege. If you redeem Fund shares from your account, you qualify for a one-time reinvestment privilege. You may reinvest some or all of the proceeds in shares of the same class without paying an additional sales charge within 30 days of redeeming shares on which you previously paid a sales charge. (Reinvestment does not affect the amount of any capital gains tax due. However, if you realize a loss on your redemption and then reinvest all or some of the proceeds, all or a portion of that loss may not be tax deductible.

 

·                  Letter of Intent Discount. If you declare in writing that you or a group of family members living at the same address intend to purchase at least $100,000 in Class A of the Aberdeen Funds shares during a 13-month period, your sales charge is based on the total amount you intend to invest. You can also combine your holdings of Class A and Class C of the Aberdeen Funds shares to fulfill your Letter of Intent. You are not legally required to complete the purchases indicated in your Letter of Intent. However, if you do not fulfill your Letter of Intent, additional sales charges may be due and shares in your account would be liquidated to cover those sales charges.

 

Waiver of Class A Sales Charges

 

Front-end sales charges on Class A shares are waived for the following purchasers:

 

·                  investors purchasing shares through an unaffiliated brokerage firm that has an agreement with the Fund or the Fund’s distributor to waive sales charges;

 

·                  directors, officers, full-time employees, sales representatives and their employees and investment advisory clients of a broker-dealer that has a dealer/selling agreement with the Fund’s distributor;

 

·                  any investor who pays for shares with proceeds from sales of Class D shares of the Aberdeen Tax-Free Income Fund;

 

·                  retirement plans;

 

·                  investment advisory clients of the Adviser’s affiliates;

 

·                  Aberdeen Funds will agree to exercise its discretion, as permitted in the Fund’s prospectus, to waive redemption fees for Fee Based Discretionary platforms and certain Non-Discretionary platforms which have entered into agreements with the Fund;

 

·                  directors, officers, full-time employees (and their spouses, children or immediate relatives) of companies that may be affiliated with the Adviser from time to time; and

 

·                  financial intermediaries who have entered into an agreement with the Fund’s distributor to offer shares to self-directed investment brokerage accounts that may or may not charge a transaction fee to its customers.

 

The SAI lists other investors eligible for sales charge waivers.

 

Purchasing Class A Shares Without a Sales Charge

 

Purchases of $1 million or more of Class A shares have no front-end sales charge. You can purchase $1 million or more in Class A shares in one or more of the funds offered by the Trust (including the Fund in this prospectus) at one time. Or, you can utilize the Rights of Accumulation Discount and Letter of Intent Discount as described above. However, a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may apply when you redeem your shares in certain circumstances (see “Contingent Deferred Sales Charges on Certain Redemptions of Class A Shares”).

 

A CDSC of up to 0.75% applies to purchases of $1 million or more of Class A Shares if a “finder’s fee” is paid by the Fund’s distributor or Adviser to your financial advisor or intermediary and you redeem your shares within 18 months of purchase. The CDSC covers the finder’s fee paid to the selling dealer.

 

The CDSC does not apply:

 

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·                  if you are eligible to purchase Class A shares without a sales charge for another reason; or

 

·                  if no finder’s fee was paid; or

 

·                  to shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends or capital gains distributions.

 

Contingent Deferred Sales Charge on Certain Redemptions of Class A Shares

 

Amount of Purchase

 

Amount of CDSC

 

$1 Million up to $4 Million

 

0.75

%

$4 Million up to $25 Million

 

0.50

%

$25 Million or More

 

0.25

%

 

A shareholder may be subject to a CDSC if he or she did not pay an up-front sales charge and redeems Class A shares within 18 months of the date of purchase. Any CDSC is based on the original purchase price or the current market value of the shares being redeemed, whichever is less. If you redeem a portion of your shares, shares that are not subject to a CDSC are redeemed first, followed by shares that you have owned the longest. This minimizes the CDSC you pay. Please see “Waiver of Contingent Deferred Sales Charges-Class A and Class C Shares” for a list of situations where a CDSC is not charged.

 

The CDSC of Class A shares for the Fund in this prospectus are described above; however, the CDSC for Class A shares of other Aberdeen Funds may be different and are described in their respective prospectuses. If you purchase more than one Aberdeen Fund and subsequently redeem those shares, the amount of the CDSC is based on the specific combination of Aberdeen Funds purchased and is proportional to the amount you redeem from each Aberdeen Fund.

 

Waiver of Contingent Deferred Sales Charges — Class A and Class C Shares

 

The CDSC is waived on:

 

·                  the redemption of Class A or Class C shares purchased through reinvested dividends or distributions;

 

·                  Class A or Class C shares sold following the death or disability of a shareholder, provided the redemption occurs within one year of the shareholder’s death or disability;

 

·                  mandatory withdrawals of Class A or Class C shares from traditional IRA accounts after age 70½ and for other required distributions from retirement accounts; and

 

·                  redemptions of Class C shares from retirement plans offered by retirement plan administrators that maintain an agreement with the Fund, the Fund’s Adviser or the Fund’s distributor.

 

If a CDSC is charged when you redeem your Class C shares, and you then reinvest the proceeds in Class C shares within 30 days, shares equal to the amount of the CDSC are re-deposited into your new account.

 

If you qualify for a waiver of a CDSC, you must notify Customer Service, your financial advisor or intermediary at the time of purchase and must also provide any required evidence showing that you qualify. Your financial intermediary may not have the capability to waive such sales charges.  For more complete information, see the SAI.

 

Class C Shares

 

Class C shares may be appropriate if you are uncertain how long you will hold your shares. If you redeem your Class C shares within the first year after you purchase them you must pay a CDSC of 1%.

 

For Class C shares, the CDSC is based on the original purchase price or the current market value of the shares being redeemed, whichever is less. If you redeem a portion of your shares, shares that are not subject to a CDSC are redeemed first, followed by shares that you have owned the longest. This minimizes the CDSC that you pay. See “Waiver of Contingent Deferred Sales Charges-Class A and Class C Shares” for a list of situations where a CDSC is not charged.

 

The Fund’s distributor or Adviser may compensate broker-dealers and financial intermediaries for sales of Class C shares from its own resources at the rate of 1.00% of sales of Class C shares.

 

Share Classes Available Only to Institutional Accounts

 

The Fund offers Class R, Institutional Service Class, and Institutional Class shares. Only certain types of entities and selected individuals are eligible to purchase shares of these classes.

 

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If an institution or retirement plan has hired an intermediary and is eligible to invest in more than one class of shares, the intermediary can help determine which share class is appropriate for that retirement plan or other institutional account. Plan fiduciaries should consider their obligations under ERISA when determining which class is appropriate for the retirement plan.

 

Other fiduciaries should also consider their obligations in determining the appropriate share class for a customer including:

 

·                  the level of distribution and administrative services the plan requires;

 

·                  the total expenses of the share class; and

 

·                  the appropriate level and type of fee to compensate the intermediary. An intermediary may receive different compensation depending on which class is chosen.

 

Class R Shares

 

Class R shares are available to retirement plans including:

 

·                  401(k) plans;

 

·                  457 plans;

 

·                  403(b) plans;

 

·                  profit sharing and money purchase pension plans;

 

·                  defined benefit plans;

 

·                  non-qualified deferred compensation plans; and

 

·                  other retirement accounts in which the retirement plan or the retirement plan’s financial services firm has an agreement with the Fund, the Adviser or the Fund’s distributor to use Class R shares.

 

The above-referenced plans are generally small and mid-sized retirement plans that have at least $1 million in assets and shares held through omnibus accounts that are represented by an intermediary such as a broker, third-party administrator, registered investment adviser or other plan service provider.

 

Class R shares are not available to:

 

·                  institutional non-retirement accounts;

 

·                  traditional and Roth IRAs;

 

·                  Coverdell Education Savings Accounts;

 

·                  SEPs and SAR-SEPs;

 

·                  SIMPLE IRAs;

 

·                  one-person Keogh plans;

 

·                  individual 403(b) plans; or

 

·                  529 Plan accounts.

 

Institutional Service Class Shares

 

Institutional Service Class shares are available for purchase only by the following:

 

·                  retirement plans advised by financial professionals who are not associated with brokers or dealers primarily engaged in the retail securities business and rollover individual retirement accounts from such plans;

 

·                  retirement plans for which third-party administrators provide recordkeeping services and are compensated by the Fund for these services;

 

·                  a bank, trust company or similar financial institution investing for its own account or for trust accounts for which it has authority to make investment decisions as long as the accounts are part of a program that collects an administrative services fee;

 

·                  registered investment advisers investing on behalf of institutions and high net-worth individuals. This may also include registered investment advisers as well as financial intermediaries with clients enrolled in certain fee-based/advisory platforms where compensation for advisory services is derived exclusively from clients; or

 

·                  life insurance separate accounts using the investment to fund benefits for variable annuity contracts issued to governmental entities as an investment option for 457 or 401(k) plans.

 

20



 

Institutional Class Shares

 

Institutional Class shares are available for purchase only by the following:

 

·                  funds of funds offered by affiliates of the Fund;

 

·                  retirement plans for which no third-party administrator receives compensation from the Fund;

 

·                  institutional advisory accounts of the Adviser’s affiliates, those accounts which have client relationships with an affiliate of the Adviser, its affiliates and their corporate sponsors, subsidiaries; and related retirement plans;

 

·                  rollover individual retirement accounts from such institutional advisory accounts;

 

·                  a bank, trust company or similar financial institution investing for its own account or for trust accounts for which it has authority to make investment decisions as long as the accounts are not part of a program that requires payment of Rule 12b-1 or administrative service fees to the financial institution;

 

·                  registered investment advisers investing on behalf of institutions and high net worth individuals. This may also include registered investment advisers as well as financial intermediaries with clients enrolled in certain fee-based/advisory platforms where compensation for advisory services is derived exclusively from clients;

 

·                  where the advisers derive compensation for advisory services exclusively from clients; or

 

·                  high net-worth individuals who invest directly without using the services of a broker, investment adviser or other financial intermediary.

 

Sales Charges and Fees

 

Sales Charges

 

Sales charges, if any, are paid to the Fund’s distributor. These fees are either kept or paid to your financial advisor or other intermediary.

 

Distribution and Service Fees

 

Each Aberdeen Fund with Class A, Class C and Class R shares, including the Emerging Markets Debt Fund, has adopted a Distribution Plan under Rule 12b-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, which permits Class A, Class C and Class R shares of the Fund to compensate the Fund’s distributor or any other entity approved by the Board (collectively, “payees”) for expenses associated with the distribution-related and/or shareholder services provided by such entities. These fees are paid to the Fund’s distributor and are either kept or paid to your financial advisor or other intermediary for distribution and shareholder services. Institutional Class and Institutional Service Class shares pay no 12b-1 fees.

 

These 12b-1 fees are in addition to applicable sales charges and are paid from the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis. The 12b-1 fees are accrued daily and paid monthly.  As a result, 12b-1 fees increase the cost of your investment and over time may cost more than other types of sales charges. Under the Distribution Plan, Class A, Class C and Class R shares pay the Fund’s distributor annual amounts not exceeding the following:

 

Class

 

As a % of Daily Net
Assets

 

Class A shares

 

0.25% (distribution or service fee)

 

Class C shares

 

1.00% (0.25% service fee)

 

Class R shares

 

0.50% (0.25% of which may be either a distribution or service fee)

 

 

Administrative Services Fees

 

Class A, Class R and Institutional Service Class shares of the Fund are subject to fees pursuant to an Administrative Services Plan adopted by the Board of Trustees. (These fees are in addition to Rule 12b-1 fees for Class A and Class R shares as described above.) These fees are paid by the Fund to broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries who provide administrative support services to beneficial shareholders on behalf of the Fund. Under the Administrative Services Plan, the Fund may pay a broker-dealer or other intermediary a maximum annual administrative services fee of 0.25% for Class A, Class R and Institutional Service Class shares; however, many intermediaries do not charge the maximum permitted fee or even a portion thereof.

 

Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s Class A, Class R and Institutional Service Class assets on an ongoing basis, these fees will increase the cost of your investment in such

 

21



 

share class over time and may cost you more than paying other types of fees.

 

Revenue Sharing

 

The Adviser and/or its affiliates (collectively, “Aberdeen”) may make payments for marketing, promotional or related services provided by broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries that sell shares of the Trust or which include them as investment options for their respective customers.

 

These payments are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments.” The existence or level of such payments may be based on factors that include, without limitation, differing levels or types of services provided by the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the expected level of assets or sales of shares, the placing of the Fund on a recommended or preferred list and/or access to an intermediary’s personnel and other factors. Current revenue sharing payments have various structures and typically may be made in one or more of the following forms, one time payments of up to 0.25% on gross sales, asset-based payments of up to 0.15%, flat fees or minimum aggregate fees of up to $50,000 annually. These amounts are subject to change at the discretion of Aberdeen. Revenue sharing payments are paid from Aberdeen’s own legitimate profits and other of its own resources (not from the Fund) and may be in addition to any Rule 12b-1 payments that are paid to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries. The Board will monitor these revenue sharing arrangements as well as the payment of advisory fees paid by the Fund to ensure that the levels of such advisory fees do not involve the indirect use of the Fund’s assets to pay for marketing, promotional or related services. Because revenue sharing payments are paid by Aberdeen, and not from the Fund’s assets, the amount of any revenue sharing payments is determined by Aberdeen.

 

In addition to the revenue sharing payments described above, Aberdeen may offer other incentives to sell shares of the Fund in the form of sponsorship of educational or other client seminars relating to current products and issues, assistance in training or educating an intermediary’s personnel, and/or entertainment or meals. These payments may also include, at the direction of a retirement plan’s named fiduciary, amounts to a retirement plan intermediary to offset certain plan expenses or otherwise for the benefit of plan participants and beneficiaries.

 

The recipients of such payments may include:

 

·                  the Fund’s distributor and other affiliates of the Adviser;

 

·                  broker-dealers;

 

·                  financial institutions; and

 

·                  other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase shares of the Fund.

 

Payments may be based on current or past sales, current or historical assets or a flat fee for specific services provided. In some circumstances, such payments may create an incentive for an intermediary or its employees or associated persons to sell shares of the Fund to you instead of shares of funds offered by competing fund families.

 

Contact your financial intermediary for details about revenue sharing payments it may receive.

 

Notwithstanding the revenue sharing payments described above, the Adviser and the Subadviser are prohibited from considering a broker-dealer’s sale of any of the Trust’s shares in selecting such broker-dealer for the execution of Fund portfolio transactions, except as may be specifically permitted by law.

 

Fund portfolio transactions nevertheless may be effected with broker-dealers who coincidentally may have assisted customers in the purchase of Fund shares, although neither such assistance nor the volume of shares sold of the Trust or any affiliated investment company is a qualifying or disqualifying factor in the Adviser’s or Subadviser’s selection of such broker-dealer for portfolio transaction execution.

 

Investing Through Financial Intermediaries

 

Financial intermediaries may provide varying arrangements for their clients to purchase and redeem shares of the Fund.  In addition, financial intermediaries are responsible for providing to you any communication from the Fund to its shareholders, including but not limited to, prospectuses, prospectus supplements, proxy materials and notices regarding the source of dividend payments under Section 19 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.  They may charge additional fees not described in this prospectus to their customers for such services.

 

If shares of the Fund are held in a “street name” account with financial intermediary, all recordkeeping, transaction processing and payments of distributions relating to your account

 

22



 

will be performed by the financial intermediary, and not by the Fund and its transfer agent.  Since the Fund will have no record of your transactions, you should contact your financial intermediary to purchase, redeem or exchange shares, to make changes in or give instructions concerning the account or to obtain information about your account.  The transfer of shares in a “street name” account to an account with another dealer or to an account directly with the Fund involves special procedures and may require you to obtain historical purchase information about the shares in the account from your financial intermediary.  If your financial intermediary’s relationship with Aberdeen is terminated, and you do not transfer your account to another financial intermediary, the Trust reserves the right to redeem your shares.  The Trust will not be responsible for any loss in an investor’s account resulting from a redemption.

 

Financial intermediaries may be authorized to accept, on behalf of the Trust, purchase, redemption and exchange orders placed by or on behalf of their customers, and if approved by the Trust, to designate other financial intermediaries to accept such orders.  In these cases:

 

·                        The Fund will be deemed to have received an order that is in good form when the order is accepted by the financial intermediary on a business day, and the order will be priced at the Fund’s net asset value per share (adjusted for any applicable sales charge and redemption fee) next determined after such acceptance.

 

·                        Financial intermediaries are responsible for transmitting accepted orders to the Fund within the time period agreed upon by them.

 

You should contact your financial intermediary to learn whether it is authorized to accept orders for the Trust.

 

Contacting Aberdeen Funds

 

Customer Service Representatives are available 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday at 866-667-9231.

 

Automated Voice Response Call 866-667-9231, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for easy access to mutual fund information. Choose from a menu of options to:

 

· make transactions;

 

· hear fund price information; and

 

· obtain mailing and wiring instructions.

 

Internet Go to www.aberdeen-asset.us/aam.nsf/usRetail/home 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for easy access to your mutual fund accounts. The website provides instructions on how to select a password and perform transactions. On the website, you can:

 

· download the Fund’s prospectus;

 

· obtain information on the Aberdeen Funds;

 

· access your account information; and

 

· request transactions, including purchases, redemptions and exchanges.

 

By Regular Mail Aberdeen Funds, P.O. Box 55930, Boston, MA 02205-5930.

 

By Overnight Mail Boston Financial Data Services, Aberdeen Funds, 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021.

 

By Fax 866-923-4269.

 

Share Price

 

The net asset value or “NAV” is the value of a single share. A separate NAV is calculated for each share class of the Fund. The NAV is:

 

·                  calculated at the close of regular trading (usually 4 p.m. Eastern Time) each day the New York Stock Exchange is open.

 

·                  generally determined by dividing the total net market value of the securities and other assets owned by the Fund allocated to a particular class, less the liabilities allocated to that class, by the total number of outstanding shares of that class.

 

The purchase or “offering” price for Fund shares is the NAV (for a particular class) next determined after the order is received in good form by the Fund’s transfer agent or an authorized intermediary, plus any applicable sales charge. An order is in “good form” if the Fund’s transfer agent has all the information and documentation it deems necessary to effect your order.

 

Please note the following with respect to the price at which your transactions are processed:

 

·                                          Fund shares will generally not be priced on any day the New York Stock Exchange is closed.

 

23



 

·                                          The Trust reserves the right to reprocess purchase (including dividend reinvestments), redemption and exchange transactions that were processed at a NAV that is subsequently adjusted, and to recover amounts from (or distribute amounts to) shareholders accordingly based on the official closing NAV, as adjusted.

 

·                                          The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be received may be changed in case of an emergency or if regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange and/or the bond markets are stopped at a time other than their regularly scheduled closing time.  In the event the New York Stock Exchange and/or the bond markets do not open for business, the Trust may, but is not required to, open one or more funds for purchase, redemption and exchange transactions if the Federal Reserve wire payment system is open.  To learn whether the Fund is open for business during this situation, please call 1-866-667-9231.

 

The Fund does not calculate NAV on days when the New York Stock Exchange is closed. The New York Stock Exchange is closed on the following days:

 

·                  New Year’s Day

 

·                  Martin Luther King, Jr. Day

 

·                  Presidents’ Day

 

·                  Good Friday

 

·                  Memorial Day

 

·                  Independence Day

 

·                  Labor Day

 

·                  Thanksgiving Day

 

·                  Christmas Day

 

·                  Other days as determined by the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Foreign securities may trade on their local markets on days when the Fund is closed. As a result, if the Fund holds foreign securities, its NAV may be impacted on days when investors may not be able to purchase or redeem shares.

 

24



 

Buying Shares

 

Fund Transactions — Class A and Class C Shares

 

All transaction orders must be received by the Fund’s transfer agent in Canton, Massachusetts or an authorized intermediary prior to the calculation of the Fund’s NAV to receive that day’s NAV.  The Fund has the right to close your account after a period of inactivity, as determined by state law, and transfer your shares to the appropriate state.

 

How to Buy Shares

 

How to Exchange* or Sell** Shares

 

 

 

Be sure to specify the class of shares you wish to purchase. The Fund may reject any order to buy shares and may suspend the offering of shares at any time.

 

*                 Exchange privileges may be amended or discontinued upon 60 days written notice to shareholders.

 

 

**          A medallion signature guarantee may be required. See “Medallion Signature Guarantee” below.

 

 

 

Through an authorized intermediary. The Fund or the Fund’s distributor has relationships with certain brokers and other financial intermediaries who are authorized to accept purchase, exchange and redemption orders for the Fund. Your transaction is processed at the NAV next calculated after the Fund’s transfer agent or an authorized intermediary receives your order in proper form.

 

Through an authorized intermediary. The Fund or the Fund’s distributor has relationships with certain brokers and other financial intermediaries who are authorized to accept purchase, exchange and redemption orders for the Fund. Your transaction is processed at the NAV next calculated after the Fund’s transfer agent or an authorized intermediary receives your order in proper form.

 

 

 

By mail. Complete an application and send with a check made payable to: Aberdeen Funds. Payment must be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. The Fund does not accept cash, starter checks, third-party checks, travelers’ checks, credit card checks or money orders.

 

By mail or fax. You may request an exchange or redemption by mailing or faxing a letter to Aberdeen Funds. The letter must include your account number(s) and the name(s) of the Fund(s) you wish to exchange from and to. The letter must be signed by all account owners. We reserve the right to request original documents for any faxed requests.

 

 

 

By telephone. You will have automatic telephone privileges unless you decline this option on your application. The Fund follows procedures to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine and will not be liable for any loss, injury, damage or expense that results from executing such instructions. The Fund may revoke telephone privileges at any time, without notice to shareholders.

 

By telephone. You will have automatic telephone privileges unless you decline this option on your application. The Fund follows procedures to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine and will not be liable for any loss, injury, damage or expense that results from executing such instructions. The Fund may revoke telephone privileges at any time, without notice to shareholders. For redemptions, shareholders who own shares in an IRA account should call 866-667-9231. It may be difficult to make telephone transactions in times of unusual economic or market conditions.

 

 

 

 

 

Additional information for selling shares. A check made payable to the shareholder(s) of record will be mailed to the address of record. The Fund may record telephone instructions to redeem shares, and may request redemption instructions in writing, signed by all shareholders on the account.

 

 

 

On-line. Transactions may be made through the Aberdeen Funds’ website at www.aberdeen-asset.us. However, the Fund may discontinue on-line transactions of Fund shares at any time.

 

On-line. Transactions may be made through the Aberdeen Funds’ website at www.aberdeen-asset.us. However, the Fund may discontinue on-line transactions of Fund shares at any time.

 

25



 

By bank wire. You may have your bank transmit funds by federal funds wire to the Fund’s custodian bank. The authorization will be in effect unless you give the Fund written notice of its termination.

 

By bank wire. The Fund can wire the proceeds of your redemption directly to your account at a commercial bank. A voided check must be attached to your application. The authorization will be in effect unless you give the Fund written notice of its termination.

·                  if you choose this method to open a new account, you must call our toll-free number before you wire your investment and arrange to fax your completed application.

 

·                  your bank may charge a fee to wire funds.

 

·                  the wire must be received by 4:00 p.m. in order to receive the current day’s NAV.

 

 

·                  your proceeds typically will be wired to your bank on the next business day after your order has been processed.

 

·                  Aberdeen Funds deducts a $20 service fee from the redemption proceeds for this service.

 

·                  your financial institution may also charge a fee for receiving the wire.

 

·                  funds sent outside the U.S. may be subject to higher fees.

 

 

 

 

 

Bank wire is not an option for exchanges.

 

 

 

By Automated Clearing House (ACH). You can fund your Aberdeen Funds’ account with proceeds from your bank via ACH on the second business day after your purchase order has been processed. A voided check must be attached to your application. Money sent through ACH typically reaches Aberdeen Funds from your bank in two business days. There is no fee for this service. The authorization will be in effect unless you give the Fund written notice of its termination.

 

By Automated Clearing House (ACH). Your redemption proceeds can be sent to your bank via ACH on the second business day after your order has been processed. A voided check must be attached to your application. Money sent through ACH should reach your bank in two business days. There is no fee for this service. The authorization will be in effect unless you give the Fund written notice of its termination.

 

 

 

 

 

ACH is not an option for exchanges.

 

 

 

Retirement plan participants should contact their retirement plan administrator regarding transactions. Retirement plans or their administrators wishing to conduct transactions should call our toll-free number 866-667-9231. Eligible entities or individuals wishing to conduct transactions in Institutional Service Class or Institutional Class shares should call our toll-free number 866-667-9231.

 

Retirement plan participants should contact their retirement plan administrator regarding transactions. Retirement plans or their administrators wishing to conduct transactions should call our toll-free number 866-667-9231. Eligible entities or individuals wishing to conduct transactions in Institutional Service Class or Institutional Class shares should call our toll-free number 866-667-9231.

 

26



 

Fair Value Pricing

 

The Board has adopted Valuation Procedures governing the method by which individual portfolio securities held by the Fund are valued in order to determine the Fund’s NAV. The Valuation Procedures provide that the Fund’s assets are valued primarily on the basis of market quotations. Where such market quotations are either unavailable or are deemed by the Adviser to be unreliable, a Pricing Committee, consisting of officers of the Trust and employees of the Adviser, meets to determine a manual “fair valuation” in accordance with the Valuation Procedures. In addition, the Pricing Committee will “fair value” securities whose value is affected by a “significant event.” Pursuant to the Valuation Procedures, any “fair valuation” decisions are subject to the review of the Valuation Committee of the Board of Trustees.

 

A “significant event” is an event that materially affects the value of a domestic or foreign security that occurs after the close of the principal market on which such security trades but before the calculation of the Fund’s NAV. Significant events that could affect individual portfolio securities may include corporate actions such as reorganizations, mergers and buy-outs, corporate announcements on earnings, significant litigation, regulatory news such as government approvals and news relating to natural disasters affecting the issuer’s operations. Significant events that could affect a large number of securities in a particular market may include significant market fluctuations, market disruptions or market closings, governmental actions or other developments, or natural disasters or armed conflicts that affect a country or region.

 

Due to the time differences between the closings of the relevant foreign securities exchanges and the time that the Fund’s NAV is calculated, the Fund may fair value its foreign investments more frequently than it does other securities. When fair value prices are utilized, these prices will attempt to reflect the impact of the financial markets’ perceptions and trading activities on the Fund’s foreign investments since the last closing prices of the foreign investments were calculated on their primary foreign securities markets or exchanges. Fair value pricing of foreign securities may occur on a daily basis, for instance, using data furnished by an independent pricing service that draws upon, among other information, the market values of foreign investments. Therefore, the fair values assigned to the Fund’s foreign investments may not be the quoted or published prices of the investments on their primary markets or exchanges.

 

By fair valuing a security whose price may have been affected by significant events or by news after the last market pricing of the security, the Fund attempts to establish a price that it might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of that security. These procedures are intended to help ensure that the prices at which the Fund’s shares are purchased and redeemed are fair, and do not result in dilution of shareholder interests or other harm to shareholders.

 

The Fund’s investments in other registered open-end investment companies (if any) are valued based on the NAV of those investment companies.

 

In-Kind Purchases

 

The Fund may accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Fund.

 

Customer Identification Information

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person that opens a new account, and to determine whether such person’s name appears on government lists of known or suspected terrorists and terrorist organizations.

 

As a result, unless such information is collected by the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary pursuant to an agreement, the Fund must obtain the following information for each person that opens a new account:

 

·                  name;

 

·                  date of birth (for individuals);

 

·                  residential or business street address (although post office boxes are still permitted for mailing); and

 

·                  Social Security number, taxpayer identification number, or other identifying number.

 

You may also be asked for a copy of your driver’s license, passport or other identifying document in order to verify your identity. In addition, it may be necessary to verify your identity by cross-referencing your identification information with a consumer report or other electronic database. Additional information may be required to open accounts for corporations and other entities. Federal law prohibits the Fund and other financial institutions from opening a new account unless

 

27



 

they receive the minimum identifying information listed above. After an account is opened, the Fund may restrict your ability to purchase additional shares until your identity is verified. The Fund may close your account or take other appropriate action if it is unable to verify your identity within a reasonable time. If your account is closed for this reason, your shares will be redeemed at the NAV next calculated after the account is closed.

 

Accounts with Low Balances

 

Maintaining small accounts is costly for the Fund and may have a negative effect on performance. Shareholders are encouraged to keep their accounts above the Fund’s minimum.

 

·                  If the value of your account falls below $1,000, you are generally subject to a $5 quarterly fee. Shares from your account are redeemed each quarter to cover the fee, which is returned to the Fund to offset small account expenses. Under some circumstances, the Fund may waive the quarterly fee.

 

·                  The Fund reserves the right to redeem your remaining shares and close your account if a redemption of shares brings the value of your account below $1,000. In such cases, you will be notified and given 60 days to purchase additional shares before the account is closed.

 

Exchanging Shares

 

You may exchange your Fund shares for shares of any Aberdeen Fund that is currently accepting new investments as long as:

 

·                  both accounts have the same registration;

 

·                  your first purchase in the new fund meets its minimum investment requirement; and

 

·                  you purchase the same class of shares. For example, you may exchange between Class A shares of any Aberdeen Fund, but may not exchange between Class A shares and Class C shares.

 

The exchange privileges may be amended or discontinued upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.

 

Generally, there are no sales charges for exchanges of Class C, Class R, Institutional Class or Institutional Service Class shares. However,

 

·                  if you exchange from Class A shares of the Fund with a higher sales charge, you may have to pay the difference in the two sales charges.

 

·                  if you exchange Class A shares that are subject to a CDSC, and then redeem those shares within 18 months of the original purchase, the CDSC applicable to the original purchase is charged.

 

For purposes of calculating a CDSC, the length of ownership is measured from the date of original purchase and is not affected by any permitted exchange.

 

You should obtain and carefully read the prospectus of the Aberdeen Fund you are acquiring before making an exchange.

 

Moving Share Classes in the Same Fund

 

A financial intermediary may exchange shares in one class held on behalf of its customers for in another class of the same Fund with a lower total expense ratio, subject to any agreements between the customer and the intermediary.  All such transactions are subject to meeting any investment minimum or eligibility requirements. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser will make any representations regarding the tax implications of such exchanges.

 

Automatic Withdrawal Program

 

You may elect to automatically redeem Class A and Class C shares in a minimum amount of $50. Complete the appropriate section of the Mutual Fund Application for New Accounts or contact your financial intermediary or the Fund’s transfer agent. Your account value must meet the minimum initial investment amount at the time the program is established. This program may reduce, and eventually deplete, your account. Generally, it is not advisable to continue to purchase Class A or Class C shares subject to a sales charge while redeeming shares using this program. An automatic withdrawal plan for Class C shares will be subject to any applicable CDSC.

 

Selling Shares

 

You can sell, or in other words redeem, your Fund shares at any time, subject to the

 

28



 

restrictions described below. The price you receive when you redeem your shares is the NAV (minus any applicable sales charges or redemption fee) next determined after the Fund’s authorized intermediary or an agent of the Fund receives your properly completed redemption request. The value of the shares you redeem may be worth more or less than their original purchase price depending on the market value of the Fund’s investments at the time of the redemption.

 

You may not be able to redeem your Fund shares or the Fund may delay paying your redemption proceeds if:

 

·                  the New York Stock Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings);

 

·                  trading is restricted; or

 

·                  an emergency exists (as determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission).

 

Generally, the Fund will issue payment for shares that you redeem the next business day after your redemption request is received in good order. The proceeds will be sent to you thereafter and delivery time may vary depending on the method by which you owned your shares (for example, directly or through a broker). Payment for shares that you recently purchased may be delayed up to 10 business days from the purchase date to allow time for your payment to clear. The Fund may delay forwarding redemption proceeds for up to seven days:

 

·                  if the account holder is engaged in excessive trading or

 

·                  if the amount of the redemption request would disrupt efficient portfolio management or adversely affect the Fund.

 

Occasionally, large shareholder redemption requests may exceed the cash balance of the Fund and result in overdraft charges to the Fund until the sale of portfolio securities to cover the redemption request settle, which is typically a few days.

 

If you choose to have your redemption proceeds mailed to you and the redemption check is returned as undeliverable or is not presented for payment within six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the check proceeds and future distributions in shares of the particular Fund at the Fund’s then-current NAV until you give the Fund different instructions.

 

Under extraordinary circumstances, the Fund, in its sole discretion, may elect to honor redemption requests by transferring some of the securities held by the Fund directly to an account holder as a redemption-in-kind of securities (instead of cash). For more about Aberdeen Funds’ ability to make a redemption-in-kind, see the SAI.

 

The Board of Trustees has adopted procedures for redemptions in-kind by shareholders including affiliated persons of the Fund. Affiliated persons of the Fund include shareholders who are affiliates of the Adviser and shareholders of the Fund owning 5% or more of the outstanding shares of that Fund. These procedures provide that a redemption in-kind shall be effected at approximately the affiliated shareholder’s proportionate share of the Fund’s current net assets, and are designed so that such redemptions will not favor the affiliated shareholder to the detriment of any other shareholder.

 

Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

A medallion signature guarantee is required for sales of shares of the Fund in any of the following instances:

 

·                  your account address has changed within the last 15 calendar days;

 

·                  the redemption check is made payable to anyone other than the registered shareholder;

 

·                  the proceeds are mailed to any address other than the address of record; or

 

·                  the redemption proceeds are being wired or sent by ACH to a bank for which instructions are currently not on your account.

 

A medallion signature guarantee is a certification by a bank, brokerage firm or other financial institution that a customer’s signature is valid. Medallion signature guarantees can be provided by members of the STAMP program. We reserve the right to require a medallion signature guarantee in other circumstances, without notice.

 

Excessive or Short-Term Trading

 

The Aberdeen Funds seek to discourage short-term or excessive trading (often described as “market timing”). Excessive trading (either frequent exchanges between Aberdeen Funds or

 

29



 

sales and repurchases of Aberdeen Funds within a short time period) may:

 

·                  disrupt portfolio management strategies;

 

·                  increase brokerage and other transaction costs; and

 

·                  negatively affect fund performance.

 

The Fund may be more or less affected by short-term trading in Fund shares, depending on various factors such as the size of the Fund, the amount of assets the Fund typically maintains in cash or cash equivalents, the dollar amount, number and frequency of trades in Fund shares and other factors. Funds that invests in foreign securities may be at greater risk for excessive trading. Investors may attempt to take advantage of anticipated price movements in securities held by the Fund based on events occurring after the close of a foreign market that may not be reflected in the Fund’s NAV (referred to as “arbitrage market timing”). Arbitrage market timing may also be attempted in funds that hold significant investments in small-cap securities, high-yield (junk) bonds and other types of investments that may not be frequently traded. There is the possibility that arbitrage market timing, under certain circumstances, may dilute the value of Fund shares if redeeming shareholders receive proceeds (and buying shareholders receive shares) based on NAVs that do not reflect appropriate fair value prices.

 

The Board of Trustees has adopted and implemented the following policies and procedures to detect, discourage and prevent excessive short-term trading in the Fund:

 

Monitoring of Trading Activity

 

The Fund, through the Adviser, the Subadviser and its agents, monitor selected trades and flows of money in and out of the Fund in an effort to detect excessive short-term trading activities. If a shareholder is found to have engaged in excessive short-term trading, the Fund may, in its discretion, ask the shareholder to stop such activities or refuse to process purchases or exchanges in the shareholder’s account. Despite its best efforts, Aberdeen Funds may be unable to identify or deter excessive trades conducted through certain intermediaries or omnibus accounts that transmit aggregate purchase, exchange and redemption orders on behalf of their customers. In short, Aberdeen Funds may not be able to prevent all market timing and its potential negative impact.

 

Restrictions on Transactions

 

Whenever the Fund is able to identify short-term trades or traders, the Fund has broad authority to take discretionary action against market timers and against particular trades and uniformly will apply the short-term trading restrictions to all such trades that the Fund identifies.  The Fund also has sole discretion to:

 

·                  restrict purchases or exchanges that the Fund or its agents believe constitute excessive trading and

 

·                  reject transactions that violate the Fund’s excessive trading policies or its exchange limits.

 

The Fund has also implemented redemption and exchange fees to certain accounts to discourage excessive trading and to help offset the expense of such trading.

 

In general:

 

·                  if you make an exchange equaling 1% or more of the Fund’s NAV, the exchange into the other Fund may be rejected and

 

·                  redemption and exchange fees are imposed on certain Aberdeen Funds. These Aberdeen Funds may assess either a redemption fee if you redeem your Fund shares or an exchange fee if you exchange your Fund shares into another Aberdeen Fund. The short-term trading fees are deducted from the proceeds of the redemption of the affected Fund shares.

 

Fair Valuation

 

The Trust has fair value pricing procedures in place as described above in “Investing with Aberdeen Funds: Share Price”.

 

Exchange and Redemption Fees

 

In order to discourage excessive trading, the Aberdeen Funds impose exchange and redemption fees on shares held in certain types of accounts. If you redeem or exchange your shares in such an account within the designated holding period listed in the chart on the following page, the redemption fee is paid directly to the Fund from which the shares are being redeemed and is designed to offset brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term trading of Fund shares. For purposes of determining whether a redemption fee applies to an affected account, shares that were held the longest are redeemed first. If you exchange

 

30



 

assets into the Fund with a redemption/exchange fee, a new period begins at the time of the exchange.

 

Redemption and exchange fees do not apply to:

 

·                  shares redeemed or exchanged under regularly scheduled withdrawal plans;

 

·                  shares purchased through reinvested dividends or capital gains;

 

·                  shares redeemed following the death or disability of a shareholder. The disability, determination of disability, and subsequent redemption must have occurred during the period the fee applied;

 

·                  shares redeemed in connection with mandatory withdrawals from traditional IRAs after age 70½ and other required distributions from retirement accounts;

 

·                  shares redeemed or exchanged from retirement accounts within 30 calendar days of an automatic payroll deduction; or

 

·                  shares redeemed or exchanged by any “fund of funds” that is affiliated with the Fund.

 

With respect to shares redeemed or exchanged following the death or disability of a shareholder, mandatory retirement plan distributions or redemption within 30 calendar days of an automatic payroll deduction, you must inform Customer Service or your intermediary that the fee does not apply. You may be required to show evidence that you qualify for the waiver. Redemption and exchange fees will be assessed unless or until the Fund is notified that the redemption fee has been waived.

 

Only certain intermediaries have agreed to collect the exchange and redemption fees from their customer accounts. In addition, the fees do not apply to certain types of accounts held through intermediaries, including certain:

 

·                  broker wrap fee and other fee-based programs;

 

·                  qualified retirement plan accounts

 

·                  omnibus accounts where there is no capability to impose an exchange fee on underlying customers’ accounts;

 

·                  intermediaries that do not or cannot report sufficient information to impose an exchange fee on their customer accounts; and

 

·                  certain discretionary and non-discretionary investment platforms as determined by the Fund.

 

To the extent that exchange and redemption fees cannot be collected on particular transactions and excessive trading occurs, the remaining Fund shareholders bear the expense of such frequent trading.

 

The Fund reserves the right to waive the redemption fee in its discretion where it believes such waiver is in the best interests of the Fund.

 

The Fund may assess the fee listed below on the total value of shares that are redeemed or exchanged out of the Fund into another Aberdeen Fund if you have held the shares of the fund for less than the minimum holding period listed below:

 

Fund

 

Exchange/Redemption Fee

 

Minimum Holding Period
(Calendar Days)

 

Aberdeen Equity Long-Short Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen Global Natural Resources Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen Small Cap Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen China Opportunities Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen International Equity Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen Global Equity Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen Asia-Pacific (ex-Japan) Equity Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Smaller Companies Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen Global Small Cap Fund

 

2.00

%

90

 

Aberdeen U.S. Equity Fund

 

2.00

%

30

 

Aberdeen U.S. Equity II Fund

 

2.00

%

30

 

Aberdeen Asia Bond Fund

 

2.00

%

30

 

Aberdeen Global Fixed Income Fund

 

2.00

%

30

 

Aberdeen Core Fixed Income Fund

 

2.00

%

15

 

Aberdeen Core Plus Income Fund

 

2.00

%

15

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Local Currency Fund

 

2.00

%

15

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

2.00

%

15

 

Aberdeen U.S. High Yield Bond Fund

 

2.00

%

15

 

Aberdeen Global High Yield Bond Fund

 

2.00

%

15

 

Aberdeen Tax-Free Income Fund

 

2.00

%

7

 

 

31



 

The following information is provided to help you understand the income and capital gains you can earn while you own Fund shares, as well as the federal income taxes you may have to pay. The amount of any distribution will vary and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either income dividends or capital gain distributions. For tax advice about your personal tax situation, please speak with your tax adviser.

 

Income and Capital Gains Distributions

 

The Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and capital gains it distributes to you.

 

The Emerging Markets Debt Fund expects to declare and distribute its net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends quarterly and any net realized capital gains annually. The Fund may distribute income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund. All income and capital gain distributions are automatically reinvested in shares of the Fund. You may request in writing a payment in cash if the distribution is in excess of $5.

 

If you choose to have dividends or capital gain distributions, or both, mailed to you and the distribution check is returned as undeliverable or is not presented for payment within six months, the Trust reserves the right to reinvest the check proceeds and future distributions in shares of the Fund at the Fund’s then-current NAV until you give the Trust different instructions.

 

Tax Considerations

 

If you are a taxable investor, dividends and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash, are subject to federal income tax, state taxes and possibly local taxes:

 

·                  distributions are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates;

 

·                  distributions of short-term capital gains are paid to you as ordinary income that is taxable to you at applicable ordinary income tax rates;

 

·                  distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains no matter how long you have owned your Fund shares;

 

·                  for individuals, with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning before January 1, 2013 (sunset date), unless such provision is extended or made permanent, a portion of the income dividends paid may be qualified dividend income eligible for long-term capital gain tax rates, provided that certain holding period requirements are met;

 

·                  for corporate shareholders, a portion of income dividends may be eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction, subject to certain limitations; and

 

·                  distributions declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable as if they were paid in December.

 

The amount and type of income dividends and the tax status of any capital gains distributed to you are reported on Form 1099-DIV (any exempt interest dividends will be reported on Form 1099-INT), which we send to you annually during tax season (unless you hold your shares in a qualified tax-deferred plan or account or are otherwise not subject to federal income tax). The Fund may reclassify income after your tax reporting statement is mailed to you. This can result from the rules in the Internal Revenue Code that effectively prevent mutual funds, such as the Fund, from ascertaining with certainty, until after the calendar year end, and in some cases the Fund’s fiscal year end, the final amount and character of distributions the Fund has received on its investments during the prior calendar year. Prior to issuing your statement, the Fund makes every effort to search for reclassified income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Fund will send you a corrected Form 1099-DIV to reflect reclassified information.

 

Distributions from the Fund (both taxable dividends and capital gains) are normally taxable to you when made, regardless of whether you reinvest these distributions or receive them in cash (unless you hold your shares in a qualified tax-deferred plan or account or are otherwise not subject to federal income tax).

 

If more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a fiscal year is invested in foreign securities, the Fund may elect to pass through to you your pro rata share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. If the Fund elects to do so, then any foreign taxes it pays on these investments may

 

32



 

be passed through to you either as a deduction (in calculating U.S. taxable income, but only for investors who itemize their deductions on their personal tax returns) or as a foreign tax credit.

 

If you are a taxable investor and invest in the Fund shortly before the record date of a capital gains distribution, the distribution will lower the value of the Fund’s shares by the amount of the distribution and, in effect, you will receive some of your investment back in the form of a taxable distribution. This is commonly known as “buying a dividend.”

 

Selling and Exchanging Shares

 

Selling your shares may result in a realized capital gain or loss, which is subject to federal income tax. For tax purposes, an exchange of one Aberdeen Fund for another is the same as a sale. For individuals, any long-term capital gains you realize from selling Fund shares are currently taxed at a maximum rate of 15%, but the maximum rate is scheduled to increase to 20% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2013. Short-term capital gains are currently taxed at ordinary income tax rates. You or your tax adviser should track your purchases, tax basis, sales and any resulting gain or loss. If you redeem Fund shares for a loss, you may be able to use this capital loss to offset any other capital gains you have.

 

Tax Status for Retirement Plans and Other Tax-Deferred Accounts

 

When you invest in the Fund through a qualified employee benefit plan, retirement plan or some other tax-deferred account, dividend and capital gain distributions generally are not subject to current federal income taxes. In general, these entities are governed by complex tax rules. You should ask your tax adviser or plan administrator for more information about your tax situation, including possible state or local taxes.

 

Backup Withholding

 

By law, you may be subject to backup withholding on a portion of your taxable distributions and redemption proceeds unless you provide your correct Social Security or taxpayer identification number and certify that (1) this number is correct, (2) you are not subject to backup withholding, and (3) you are a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). You may also be subject to withholding if the Internal Revenue Service instructs us to withhold a portion of your distributions and proceeds.

 

Other

 

Distributions and gains from the sale or exchange of your Fund shares may be subject to state and local taxes, even if not subject to federal income taxes. State and local tax laws vary; please consult your tax adviser. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding at a 30% or lower treaty tax rate, U.S. estate tax and special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding and claim any treaty benefits. Exemptions from U.S. withholding tax are provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from long-term capital gains, if any.  However, notwithstanding such exemption from U.S. withholding at the source, any dividends and distributions of income or capital gains will be subject to backup withholding if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.

 

Under current law, the Fund serves to block unrelated business taxable income from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize unrelated business taxable income by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of IRC Section 514(b). Certain types of income received by the Fund from REITs, real estate mortgage investment conduits, taxable mortgage pools or other investments may cause the Fund to designate some or all of its distributions as “excess inclusion income.” To Fund shareholders, such excess inclusion income may (i) constitute taxable income, as “unrelated business taxable income” for those shareholders who would otherwise be tax-exempt such as individual retirement accounts, 401(k) accounts, Keogh plans, pension plans and certain charitable entities; (ii) not be offset by otherwise allowable deductions for tax purposes; (iii) not be eligible for reduced U.S. withholding for non-U.S. shareholders even from tax treaty countries; and (iv) cause the Fund to be subject to tax if certain “disqualified organizations” as defined by the IRC are Fund shareholders. If a charitable remainder annuity trust or a charitable remainder unitrust (each as defined in IRC Section 664) has UBTI for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax on the UBTI is imposed on the trust.

 

Beginning in 2013, taxable distributions and redemptions will be subject to a 3.8% federal Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income” for individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly).

 

Additionally, beginning in 2014 a 30% withholding tax will be imposed on dividends and, beginning in 2015, redemption proceeds paid, to (i) certain foreign financial institutions and investment funds unless they agree to collect and disclose to the

 

33



 

Internal Revenue Service information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain other foreign entities unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners.  Under some circumstances, a foreign shareholder may be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes.

 

This discussion of “Distributions and Taxes” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Fund.

 

34



 

Financial Highlights

 

Because the Fund is new, it has no financial history.

 

35



 

Information from Aberdeen Funds

 

Please read this Prospectus before you invest, and keep it with your records. The following documents — which may be obtained free of charge — contain additional information about the Fund:

 

·                  Statement of Additional Information (incorporated by reference into this Prospectus)

 

·                  Annual Reports (which contain discussions of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance)

 

·                  Semiannual Reports

 

To obtain any of the above documents free of charge, to request other information about the Fund, or to make other shareholder inquiries, contact us at the address or number listed below. You can also access and download the annual and semi-annual reports (when available) and the Statement of Additional Information at the Fund’s website www.aberdeen-asset.us.

 

To reduce the volume of mail you receive, only one copy of financial reports, prospectuses, other regulatory materials and other communications will be mailed to your household (if you share the same last name and address). You can call us at 866-667-9231, or write to us at the address listed below, to request (1) additional copies free of charge, or (2) that we discontinue our practice of mailing regulatory materials together.

 

If you wish to receive regulatory materials and/or account statements electronically, you can sign-up for our free e-delivery service. Please visit the Fund’s website at www.aberdeen-asset.us or call 866-667-9231 for additional information.

 

For Additional Information Contact:

 

By Regular Mail:

 

Aberdeen Funds
P.O. Box 55930

Boston, MA 02205-5930

 

By Overnight Mail:

 

Boston Financial Data Services

Aberdeen Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021

 

For 24-hour Access:

 

866-667-9231 (toll free)

Customer Service Representatives are available 8 a.m.-9 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday. Call after 7 p.m. Eastern Time for closing share prices.

 

Also, visit the Fund’s website at www.aberdeen-asset.us.

 

Information from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

 

You can obtain information about the Fund, including the SAI from the SEC

 

·                  on the SEC’s EDGAR database via the Internet at www.sec.gov;

 

·                  by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov;

 

·                  in person at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. (for their hours of operation, call 202-551-8090); or

 

·                  by mail by sending your request to Securities and Exchange Commission Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520 (the SEC charges a fee to copy any documents).

 

THE TRUST’S INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT FILE NO.: 811-22132

 



 

The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. A Registration Statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The securities described herein may not be sold until the Registration Statement becomes effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state in which the offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful.

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

[   ], 2012

 

ABERDEEN FUNDS

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Class A — [   ] · Class C — [   ] · Class R — [   ] · Institutional Class — [   ] · Institutional Service Class — [   ]

 

Aberdeen Funds (the “Trust”) is a registered open-end investment company consisting of 27 series as of the date hereof.  This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relates to Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Class, and Institutional Service Class of the Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund, a series of the Trust (the “Fund”).  The Trust has 26 additional series, which are contained in separate SAIs.

 

This SAI is not a prospectus but is incorporated by reference into the Prospectus for the Fund.  It contains information in addition to and more detailed than that set forth in the Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the Fund dated [   ].

 

Terms not defined in this SAI have the meanings assigned to them in the Prospectus.  You can order copies of the Prospectus without charge by writing to Boston Financial Data Services (“BFDS”) at 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021 or calling (toll-free) 866-667-9231.

 



 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

PAGE

 

 

GENERAL INFORMATION

2

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PORTFOLIO INSTRUMENTS AND INVESTMENT POLICIES

2

 

 

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

38

 

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

40

 

 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

42

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES

53

 

 

BROKERAGE ALLOCATION

61

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PURCHASES AND SALES

63

 

 

VALUATION OF SHARES

69

 

 

SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

71

 

 

INVESTOR PRIVILEGES

72

 

 

INVESTOR SERVICES

74

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

75

 

 

ADDITIONAL GENERAL TAX INFORMATION FOR ALL FUNDS

78

 

 

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

89

 

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

89

 

 

APPENDIX A - PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

A-1

 

 

APPENDIX B — DEBT RATINGS

B-1

 

 

APPENDIX C - PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARIES

C-1

 

i



 

GENERAL INFORMATION

 

The Trust is an open-end management investment company formed as a statutory trust under the laws of the state of Delaware by a Certificate of Trust filed on September 27, 2007, as amended.  The Trust currently consists of 27 separate series, each with its own investment objective.  The Fund is a non-diversified open-end management investment company as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PORTFOLIO INSTRUMENTS AND INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

The Fund invests in a variety of securities and employs a number of investment techniques that involve certain risks.  The Prospectus for the Fund highlights the principal investment strategies, investment techniques and risks.  This SAI contains additional information regarding both the principal and non-principal investment strategies of the Fund.

 

Please review the discussions in the Prospectus for further information regarding the investment objective and policies of the Fund.

 

References to the “Adviser” below also include the Subadviser.

 

Recent Market Events

 

Recent events have resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility and turmoil in the U.S. and international markets.  These events and possible continuing market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund.  In response to the crisis, the U.S. and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks took steps to support financial markets.  The withdrawal of this support could also negatively affect the value and liquidity of certain securities.  In addition, legislation recently enacted in the United States calls for changes in many aspects of financial regulation.  The impact of the legislation on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be known for some time.

 

Europe — Recent Events. A number of countries in Europe have experienced severe economic and financial difficulties. Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts; many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations; financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit; and financial markets in Europe and elsewhere have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen or spread within and without Europe. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the euro, the common currency of the European Union, and/or withdraw from the European Union. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching. Whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in Europe or with significant exposure to European issuers or countries, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments.

 

Adjustable Rate SecuritiesThe interest rates paid on the adjustable rate securities in which the Fund invests generally are readjusted at intervals of one year or less to an increment over some predetermined interest rate index. There are three main categories of indices: those based on U.S. Treasury securities, those derived from a calculated measure such as a cost of funds index and those based on a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly used indices include the one-year, three-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury rates, the three-month Treasury bill rate, the 180-day Treasury bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the 11th District Federal Home Loan Bank Cost of Funds, the National Median Cost of Funds, the one-month, three-month, six-month or one-year London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), the prime rate of a specific bank or commercial paper rates.  Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others, such as the 11th District Home Loan

 

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Bank Cost of Funds index, tend to lag behind changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.

 

Borrowing.  The Fund may borrow money from banks, limited by the Fund’s fundamental investment restriction (generally, 33-1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed)), including borrowings for temporary or emergency purposes.  The Fund may engage in mortgage dollar roll and reverse repurchase agreements which may be considered a form of borrowing unless the Fund covers its exposure by segregating or earmarking liquid assets.

 

Leverage.  The use of leverage by the Fund creates an opportunity for greater total return, but, at the same time, creates special risks.  Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed, the Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowings are outstanding.  Borrowings will create interest expenses for the Fund which can exceed the income from the assets purchased with the borrowings.  To the extent the income or capital appreciation derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Fund will have to pay on the borrowings, the Fund’s return will be greater than if leverage had not been used.  Conversely, if the income or capital appreciation from the securities purchased with such borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of borrowing, the return to the Fund will be less than if leverage had not been used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to shareholders as dividends and other distributions will be reduced.  In the latter case, the Fund’s Adviser or Subadviser in its best judgment nevertheless may determine to maintain the Fund’s leveraged position if it expects that the benefits to the Fund’s shareholders of maintaining the leveraged position will outweigh the current reduced return.

 

Certain types of borrowings by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters.  It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede the Adviser or Subadviser from managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies.  However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require the Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

 

Corporate ObligationsInvestment in corporate debt obligations involves credit and interest rate risk.  The value of fixed-income investments will fluctuate with changes in interest rates and bond market conditions, tending to rise as interest rates decline and to decline as interest rates rise.  Corporate debt obligations generally offer less current yield than securities of lower quality, but lower-quality securities generally have less liquidity, greater credit and market risk, and as a result, more price volatility.  Longer term bonds are, however, generally more volatile than bonds with shorter maturities.

 

Credit Default Swaps.  The Fund may enter into credit default swap contracts.  The Fund might use credit default swap contracts to limit or to reduce risk exposure of the Fund to defaults of corporate and sovereign issuers (i.e., to reduce risk when the Fund owns or has exposure to such issuers).  The Fund also might use credit default swap contracts to create direct or synthetic short or long exposure to domestic or foreign corporate debt securities or certain sovereign debt securities to which the Fund is not otherwise exposed.

 

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As the seller in a credit default swap contract, the Fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default (or similar event) by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer, on the debt obligation.  In return, the Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract, provided that no event of default (or similar event) occurs.  If no event of default (or similar event) occurs, the Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment of obligations.  As the seller in a credit default swap contract, the Fund effectively would add economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

 

As the purchaser in a credit default swap contract, the Fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph.  This would involve the risk that the investment might expire worthless.  It also would involve credit risk - that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the event of a default (or similar event).  As the purchaser in a credit default swap contract, the Fund’s investment would generate income only in the event of an actual default (or similar event) by the issuer of the underlying obligation.

 

Currency TransactionsThe Fund may engage in currency transactions with counterparties primarily in order to hedge, or manage the risk of the value of portfolio holdings denominated in particular currencies against fluctuations in relative value.  Currency transactions include forward currency contracts, exchange listed currency futures, exchange listed and over-the-counter options (“OTC options”) on currencies, and currency swaps.  A forward currency contract involves a privately negotiated obligation to purchase or sell (with delivery generally required) a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract.  A currency swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows based on the notional difference among two or more currencies and operates similarly to an interest rate swap, which is described below.  The Fund may enter into currency transactions with counterparties which have received (or the guarantors of the obligations which have received) a credit rating of A-1 or P-1 by Standard & Poor’s or Moody’s, respectively, or that have an equivalent rating from a NRSRO or (except for OTC currency options) are determined to be of equivalent credit quality by the Adviser.

 

The Fund’s dealings in forward currency contracts and other currency transactions such as futures, options, options on futures and swaps generally will be limited to hedging involving either specific transactions or portfolio positions except as described below.  Transaction hedging is entering into a currency transaction with respect to specific assets or liabilities of the Fund, which will generally arise in connection with the purchase or sale of its portfolio securities or the receipt of income therefrom.  Position hedging is entering into a currency transaction with respect to portfolio security positions denominated or generally quoted in that currency.

 

The Fund generally will not enter into a transaction to hedge currency exposure to an extent greater, after netting all transactions intended wholly or partially to offset other transactions, than the aggregate market value (at the time of entering into the transaction) of the securities held in its portfolio that are denominated or generally quoted in or currently convertible into such currency, other than with respect to proxy hedging or cross hedging as described below.

 

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The Fund may also cross-hedge currencies by entering into transactions to purchase or sell one or more currencies that are expected to decline in value relative to other currencies to which the Fund has or in which the Fund expects to have portfolio exposure.

 

To reduce the effect of currency fluctuations on the value of existing or anticipated holdings of portfolio securities, the Fund may also engage in proxy hedging.  Proxy hedging is often used when the currency to which the Fund’s portfolio is exposed is difficult to hedge or to hedge against the dollar.  Proxy hedging entails entering into a commitment or option to sell a currency whose changes in value are generally considered to be correlated to a currency or currencies in which some or all of the Fund’s portfolio securities are or are expected to be denominated, in exchange for U.S. dollars.  The amount of the commitment or option would not exceed the value of the Fund’s securities denominated in correlated currencies.  Currency hedging involves some of the same risks and considerations as other transactions with similar instruments.  Currency transactions can result in losses to the Fund if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree or in a direction that is not anticipated.  Further, there is the risk that the perceived correlation between various currencies may not be present or may not be present during the particular time that the Fund is engaging in proxy hedging.  If the Fund enters into a currency hedging transaction, the Fund will comply with the asset segregation requirements described herein.

 

Debt Obligations

 

Debt Securities Generally.  The Fund may invest in debt securities, including bonds of private issuers. Portfolio debt investments will be selected on the basis of, among other things, credit quality and the fundamental outlooks for currency, economic and interest rate trends, taking into account the ability to hedge a degree of currency or local bond price risk.

 

The principal risks involved with investments in bonds include interest rate risk, credit risk and pre-payment risk. Interest rate risk refers to the likely decline in the value of bonds as interest rates rise. Generally, longer-term securities are more susceptible to changes in value as a result of interest-rate changes than are shorter-term securities. Credit risk refers to the risk that an issuer of a bond may default with respect to the payment of principal and interest. The lower a bond is rated, the more it is considered to be a speculative or risky investment. Pre-payment risk is commonly associated with pooled debt securities, such as mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities, but may affect other debt securities as well. When the underlying debt obligations are prepaid ahead of schedule, the return on the security will be lower than expected. Pre-payment rates usually increase when interest rates are falling.

 

Lower-rated securities are more likely to react to developments affecting these risks than are more highly rated securities, which react primarily to movements in the general level of interest rates.  Although the fluctuation in the price of debt securities is normally less than that of common stocks, in the past there have been extended periods of cyclical increases in interest rates that have caused significant declines in the price of debt securities in general and have caused the effective maturity of securities with prepayment features to be extended, thus effectively converting short or intermediate term securities (which tend to be less volatile in price) into long term securities (which tend to be more volatile in price).

 

Ratings as Investment Criteria.  High-quality, medium-quality and non-investment grade debt obligations are characterized as such based on their ratings by nationally recognized

 

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statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), such as Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“Standard & Poor’s”) or Moody’s Investor Services (“Moody’s”).  In general, the ratings of NRSROs represent the opinions of these agencies as to the quality of securities that they rate.  Such ratings, however, are relative and subjective, and are not absolute standards of quality and do not evaluate the market value risk of the securities.  These ratings are used by the Fund as initial criteria for the selection of portfolio securities, but the Fund also relies upon the independent advice of the Adviser or Subadviser to evaluate potential investments.  This is particularly important for lower-quality securities.  Among the factors that will be considered is the long-term ability of the issuer to pay principal and interest and general economic trends, as well as an issuer’s capital structure, existing debt and earnings history.  Appendix B to this SAI contains further information about the rating categories of NRSROs and their significance.

 

In the event that a security receives different ratings from different NRSROs, unless specific disclosure in the Fund’s prospectus provides otherwise, the Adviser or Subadviser will treat the security as being rated in the highest rating category received from an NRSRO.

 

Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, an issuer of securities may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by such Fund.  In addition, it is possible that an NRSRO might not change its rating of a particular issuer to reflect subsequent events.  None of these events generally will require sale of such securities, but the Adviser or Subadviser will consider such events in its determination of whether the Fund should continue to hold the securities.  In addition, to the extent that the ratings change as a result of changes in an NRSRO or its rating systems, or due to a corporate reorganization, the Fund will attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for its investments in accordance with its investment objective and policies.

 

Investment-Grade Securities.  The Fund may purchase “investment-grade” bonds, which are those rated Aaa, Aa, A or Baa by Moody’s or AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”) or a comparable rating by another NRSRO; or, if unrated, judged to be of equivalent quality as determined by the Adviser.  Moody’s considers bonds it rates Baa to have speculative elements as well as investment-grade characteristics.  To the extent that the Fund invests in higher-grade securities, the Fund will not be able to avail itself of opportunities for higher income which may be available at lower grades.

 

Medium-Quality Securities.  The Fund anticipates investing in medium-quality obligations, which are obligations rated in the fourth highest rating category by any NRSRO (e.g., rated Baa by Moody’s or BBB by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch).  Medium-quality securities, although considered investment-grade, may have some speculative characteristics and may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than higher-rated securities.  In addition, the issuers of medium-quality securities may be more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances than issuers of higher-rated securities.

 

Lower Quality (High-Risk) Securities.  Non-investment grade debt or lower quality/rated securities, commonly known as junk bonds (hereinafter referred to as “lower-quality securities”) include (i) bonds rated as low as C by Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch, (ii) commercial paper rated as low as C by Standard & Poor’s, Not Prime by Moody’s or Fitch 4 by Fitch; and (iii) unrated debt securities of comparable quality.  Lower-quality securities, while generally offering higher yields than investment grade securities with similar maturities, involve greater risks, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy.  There is more risk associated with

 

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these investments because of reduced creditworthiness and increased risk of default.  Under NRSRO guidelines, lower-quality securities and comparable unrated securities will likely have some quality and protective characteristics that are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.  Lower-quality securities are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to default or to be in default, to be unlikely to have the capacity to make required interest payments and repay principal when due in the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, or to be in default or not current in the payment of interest or principal.  They are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal.  The special risk considerations in connection with investments in these securities are discussed more fully in “Non-Investment Grade Debt (High Yield/High Risk Bonds)” below.

 

Information Concerning Duration  Duration is a measure of the average life of a fixed-income security that was developed as a more precise alternative to the concepts of “term to maturity” or “average dollar weighted maturity” as measures of “volatility” or “risk” associated with changes in interest rates.  Duration incorporates a security’s yield, coupon interest payments, final maturity and call features into one measure.

 

Most debt obligations provide interest (“coupon”) payments in addition to final (“par”) payment at maturity.  Some obligations also have call provisions.  Depending on the relative magnitude of these payments and the nature of the call provisions, the market values of debt obligations may respond differently to changes in interest rates.

 

Traditionally, a debt security’s “term-to-maturity” has been used as a measure of the sensitivity of the security’s price to changes in interest rates (which is the “interest rate risk” or “volatility” of the security).  However, “term-to-maturity” measures only the time until a debt security provides its final payment, taking no account of the pattern of the security’s payments prior to maturity.  Average dollar weighted maturity is calculated by averaging the terms of maturity of each debt security held with each maturity “weighted” according to the percentage of assets that it represents.  Duration is a measure of the expected life of a debt security on a present value basis and reflects both principal and interest payments.  Duration takes the length of the time intervals between the present time and the time that the interest and principal payments are scheduled or, in the case of a callable security, expected to be received, and weights them by the present values of the cash to be received at each future point in time.  For any debt security with interest payments occurring prior to the payment of principal, duration is ordinarily less than maturity.  In general, all other factors being the same, the lower the stated or coupon rate of interest of a debt security, the longer the duration of the security; conversely, the higher the stated or coupon rate of interest of a debt security, the shorter the duration of the security.

 

There are some situations where the standard duration calculation does not properly reflect the interest rate exposure of a security.  For example, floating and variable rate securities often have final maturities of ten or more years; however, their interest rate exposure corresponds to the frequency of the coupon reset.  Another example where the interest rate exposure is not properly captured by duration is the case of mortgage pass-through securities.  The stated final maturity of such securities is generally 30 years, but current prepayment rates are more critical in determining the securities’ interest rate exposure.  In these and other similar situations, the Adviser or Subadviser

 

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will use more sophisticated analytical techniques to project the economic life of a security and estimate its interest rate exposure.  Since the computation of duration is based on predictions of future events rather than known factors, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at all times achieve its targeted portfolio duration.

 

The change in market value of U.S. government fixed-income securities is largely a function of changes in the prevailing level of interest rates.  When interest rates are falling, a portfolio with a shorter duration generally will not generate as high a level of total return as a portfolio with a longer duration.  When interest rates are stable, shorter duration portfolios generally will not generate as high a level of total return as longer duration portfolios (assuming that long-term interest rates are higher than short-term rates, which is commonly the case.) When interest rates are rising, a portfolio with a shorter duration will generally outperform longer duration portfolios.  With respect to the composition of a fixed-income portfolio, the longer the duration of the portfolio, generally, the greater the anticipated potential for total return, with, however, greater attendant interest rate risk and price volatility than for a portfolio with a shorter duration.

 

Depositary Receipts.  The Fund may invest in foreign securities by purchasing depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) or other securities convertible into securities of issuers based in foreign countries. These securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are denominated in U.S. dollars and are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, GDRs, in bearer form, are issued and designed for use outside the United States and EDRs (also referred to as Continental Depositary Receipts (“CDRs”)), in bearer form, may be denominated in other currencies and are designed for use in European securities markets. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities. EDRs are European receipts evidencing a similar arrangement. GDRs are receipts typically issued by non-U.S. banks and trust companies that evidence ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, ADRs, GDRs and EDRs are deemed to have the same classification as the underlying securities they represent. Thus, an ADR, GDR or EDR representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.

 

The Fund may invest in depositary receipts through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. While ADRs issued under these two types of facilities are in some respects similar, there are distinctions between them relating to the rights and obligations of ADR holders and the practices of market participants.

 

A depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or even necessarily the acquiescence of) the issuer of the deposited securities, although typically the depositary requests a letter of non-objection from such issuer prior to the establishment of the facility. Holders of unsponsored ADRs generally bear all the costs of such facilities. The depositary usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the deposited securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars, the disposition of non-cash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to pass through voting rights to ADR holders in respect of the deposited securities. In addition, an unsponsored facility is generally not obligated to distribute communications received from the issuer of the deposited securities or to disclose material information about such issuer in the U.S. and thus there

 

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may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts. Unsponsored ADRs tend to be less liquid than sponsored ADRs.

 

Sponsored ADR facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that the issuer of the deposited securities enters into a deposit agreement with the depositary. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the issuer, the depositary, and the ADR holders. With sponsored facilities, the issuer of the deposited securities generally will bear some of the costs relating to the facility (such as dividend payment fees of the depositary), although ADR holders continue to bear certain other costs (such as deposit and withdrawal fees). Under the terms of most sponsored arrangements, depositaries agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings and voting instructions, and to provide shareholder communications and other information to the ADR holders at the request of the issuer of the deposited securities.

 

Eurobond Obligations.  The Fund may invest in Eurobond obligations, which are fixed income securities.  The Eurobonds that the Fund will purchase may include bonds issued and denominated in euros.  Eurobonds may be issued by government and corporate issuers in Europe.  Eurobond obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issuers, notably credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk.  However, Eurobond obligations are also subject to certain sovereign risks.  One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital from flowing across its borders.  Other risks include adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions the imposition of foreign withholding taxes; and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.

 

Floating and Variable Rate InstrumentsFloating or variable rate obligations bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but vary with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, or at specified intervals.  The interest rate on floating-rate securities varies with changes in the underlying index (such as the Treasury bill rate), while the interest rate on variable or adjustable rate securities changes at preset times based upon an underlying index.  Certain of the floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by the Fund may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the instrument or to a third party at par value prior to maturity.

 

Some of the demand instruments purchased by the Fund may not be traded in a secondary market and derive their liquidity solely from the ability of the holder to demand repayment from the issuer or third party providing credit support.  If a demand instrument is not traded in a secondary market, the Fund will nonetheless treat the instrument as “readily marketable” for the purposes of its investment restriction limiting investments in illiquid securities unless the demand feature has a notice period of more than seven days in which case the instrument will be characterized as “not readily marketable” and therefore illiquid.

 

Such obligations include variable rate master demand notes, which are unsecured instruments issued pursuant to an agreement between the issuer and the holder that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and to provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.  The Fund will limit its purchases of floating and variable rate obligations to those of the same quality as it is otherwise allowed to purchase.  The Adviser or Subadviser will monitor on an ongoing basis the ability of an issuer of a demand instrument to pay principal and interest on demand.

 

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The Fund’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Fund elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument or third party providing credit support to make payment when due, except when such demand instruments permit same day settlement.  To facilitate settlement, these same day demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than the Fund’s custodian subject to a subcustodian agreement approved by the Fund between that bank and the Fund’s custodian.

 

Foreign Commercial Paper.  The Fund may invest in commercial paper which is indexed to certain specific foreign currency exchange rates. The Fund will purchase such commercial paper with the currency in which it is denominated and, at maturity, will receive interest and principal payments thereon in that currency, but the amount or principal payable by the issuer at maturity will change in proportion to the change (if any) in the exchange rate between two specified currencies between the date the instrument is issued and the date the instrument matures.  While such commercial paper entails the risk of loss of principal, the potential for realizing gains as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rate enables the Fund to hedge or cross-hedge against a decline in the U.S. dollar value of investments denominated in foreign currencies while providing an attractive money market rate of return.  The Fund will purchase such commercial paper for hedging purposes only, not for speculation.  The Fund believes that such investments do not involve the creation of a senior security, but nevertheless will establish a segregated account with respect to its investments in this type of commercial paper and maintain in such account cash not available for investment or other liquid assets having a value equal to the aggregate principal amount of outstanding commercial paper of this type.

 

Foreign CurrenciesThe Fund may invest in foreign currencies.  Because investments in foreign securities usually will involve currencies of foreign countries, and because the Fund may hold foreign currencies and forward contracts, futures contracts and options on foreign currencies and foreign currency futures contracts, the value of the assets of the Fund as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations, and the Fund may incur costs and experience conversion difficulties and uncertainties in connection with conversions between various currencies.  Fluctuations in exchange rates may also affect the earning power and asset value of the foreign entity issuing the security.

 

The strength or weakness of the U.S. dollar against these currencies is responsible for part of the Fund’s investment performance.  If the dollar falls in value relative to the Japanese yen, for example, the dollar value of a Japanese stock held by the Fund will rise even though the price of the stock remains unchanged.  Conversely, if the dollar rises in value relative to the yen, the dollar value of the Japanese stock will fall.  Many foreign currencies have experienced significant devaluation relative to the dollar.

 

Although the Fund values its assets daily in terms of U.S. dollars, it does not intend to convert its holdings of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on a daily basis.  It will do so from time to time, and investors should be aware of the costs of currency conversion.  Although foreign exchange dealers typically do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference (the “spread”) between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies.  Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate

 

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of exchange should the Fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer.  The Fund will conduct its foreign currency exchange transactions either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market, or through entering into options or forward or futures contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.  The manager or the custodian, depending on the market and transaction necessary, will effect these foreign currency exchange transactions.

 

Foreign Fixed Income SecuritiesSince most foreign fixed income securities are not rated, the Fund will invest in foreign fixed income securities based on the Adviser’s analysis without relying on published ratings.  As a result, achievement of the Fund’s goals may depend more upon the abilities of the Adviser than would otherwise be the case.

 

The value of the foreign fixed income securities held by the Fund, and thus the net asset value of the Fund’s shares, generally will fluctuate with (a) changes in the perceived creditworthiness of the issuers of those securities, (b) movements in interest rates, and (c) changes in the relative values of the currencies in which the Fund’s investments in fixed income securities are denominated with respect to the U.S. Dollar.  The extent of the fluctuation will depend on various factors, such as the average maturity of the Fund’s investments in foreign fixed income securities, and the extent to which the Fund hedges its interest rate, credit and currency exchange rate risks.  A longer average maturity generally is associated with a higher level of volatility in the market value of such securities in response to changes in market conditions.

 

Investments in sovereign debt, including Brady Bonds, involve special risks.  Foreign governmental issuers of debt or the governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or pay interest when due.  In the event of default, there may be limited or no legal recourse in that, generally, remedies for defaults must be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party.  Political conditions, especially a sovereign entity’s willingness to meet the terms of its fixed income securities, are of considerable significance.  Also, there can be no assurance that the holders of commercial bank loans to the same sovereign entity may not contest payments to the holders of sovereign debt in the event of default under commercial bank loan agreements.  In addition, there is no bankruptcy proceeding with respect to sovereign debt on which a sovereign has defaulted, and the Fund may be unable to collect all or any part of its investment in a particular issue.  Foreign investment in certain sovereign debt is restricted or controlled to varying degrees, including requiring governmental approval for the repatriation of income, capital or proceeds of sales by foreign investors.  These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in certain sovereign debt or increase the costs and expenses of the Fund.  Sovereign debt may be issued as part of debt restructuring and such debt is to be considered speculative.  There is a history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities issuing Brady Bonds.  All or a portion of the interest payments and/or principal repayment with respect to Brady Bonds may be uncollateralized.

 

Privatized Enterprises.  Investments in foreign securities may include securities issued by enterprises that have undergone or are currently undergoing privatization.  The governments of certain foreign countries have, to varying degrees, embarked on privatization programs contemplating the sale of all or part of their interests in state enterprises.  The Fund’s investments in the securities of privatized enterprises may include privately negotiated investments in a government or state-owned or controlled company or enterprise that has not yet conducted an initial equity offering, investments in the initial offering of equity securities of a state enterprise or

 

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former state enterprise and investments in the securities of a state enterprise following its initial equity offering.

 

In certain jurisdictions, the ability of foreign entities, such as the Fund, to participate in privatizations may be limited by local law, or the price or terms on which the Fund may be able to participate may be less advantageous than for local investors.  Moreover, there can be no assurance that governments that have embarked on privatization programs will continue to divest their ownership of state enterprises, that proposed privatizations will be successful or that governments will not re-nationalize enterprises that have been privatized.

 

In the case of the enterprises in which the Fund may invest, large blocks of the stock of those enterprises may be held by a small group of stockholders, even after the initial equity offerings by those enterprises.  The sale of some portion or all of those blocks could have an adverse effect on the price of the stock of any such enterprise.

 

Prior to making an initial equity offering, most state enterprises or former state enterprises go through an internal reorganization or management.  Such reorganizations are made in an attempt to better enable these enterprises to compete in the private sector.  However, certain reorganizations could result in a management team that does not function as well as an enterprise’s prior management and may have a negative effect on such enterprise.  In addition, the privatization of an enterprise by its government may occur over a number of years, with the government continuing to hold a controlling position in the enterprise even after the initial equity offering for the enterprise.

 

Prior to privatization, most of the state enterprises in which the Fund may invest enjoy the protection of and receive preferential treatment from the respective sovereigns that own or control them.  After making an initial equity offering, these enterprises may no longer have such protection or receive such preferential treatment and may become subject to market competition from which they were previously protected.  Some of these enterprises may not be able to operate effectively in a competitive market and may suffer losses or experience bankruptcy due to such competition.

 

Foreign SecuritiesInvesting in foreign securities (including through the use of depositary receipts) involves certain special considerations which typically are not associated with investing in United States securities.  Since investments in foreign companies will frequently be denominated in the currencies of foreign countries (these securities are translated into U.S. dollars on a daily basis in order to value the Fund’s shares), and since the Fund may hold securities and funds in foreign currencies, the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations, if any, and may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies.  There may be less information publicly available about a foreign issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those in the U.S.  Most foreign stock markets, while growing in volume of trading activity, have less volume than the New York Stock Exchange, and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic companies.  Similarly, volume and liquidity in most foreign bond markets are less than in the United States and, at times, volatility of price can be greater than in the United States.  Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on

 

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United States exchanges, although the Fund endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on its portfolio transactions.  There is generally less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies in foreign countries than in the United States.  Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations may involve certain risks (such as delay in payment or delivery of securities or in the recovery of the Fund’s assets held abroad) and expenses not present in the settlement of investments in U.S. markets.  Payment for securities without delivery may be required in certain foreign markets.

 

In addition, foreign securities may be subject to the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of currency exchange controls or restrictions on the repatriation of foreign currency, confiscatory taxation, political or financial instability and diplomatic developments which could affect the value of the Fund’s investments in certain foreign countries.  Governments of many countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector through the ownership or control of many companies, including some of the largest in these countries.  As a result, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions which may adversely affect prices of certain portfolio securities.  Foreign securities may be subject to foreign government taxes, higher custodian fees, higher brokerage costs and dividend collection fees which could reduce the yield on such securities.

 

Foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in various respects, including growth of gross domestic product, rates of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments positions.  Many foreign securities are less liquid and their prices more volatile than comparable U.S. securities.  From time to time, foreign securities may be difficult to liquidate rapidly without adverse price effects.

 

Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the U.S. or in other foreign countries.  The laws of some foreign countries may limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities of certain issuers organized under the laws of those foreign countries.

 

Of particular importance, many foreign countries are heavily dependent upon exports, particularly to developed countries, and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the U.S. and other countries with which they trade.  These economies also have been and may continue to be negatively impacted by economic conditions in the U.S. and other trading partners, which can lower the demand for goods produced in those countries.

 

Investment in Companies in Developing Countries.  Investments may be made from time to time in companies in developing countries as well as in developed countries.  Although there is no universally accepted definition, a developing country is generally considered to be a country which is in the initial stages of industrialization.  Shareholders should be aware that investing in the equity and fixed income markets of developing countries involves exposure to unstable governments, economies based on only a few industries, and securities markets which trade a small number of securities.  Securities markets of developing countries tend to be more volatile than the markets of developed countries; however, such markets have in the past provided the opportunity for higher rates of return to investors.

 

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The value and liquidity of investments in developing countries may be affected favorably or unfavorably by political, economic, fiscal, regulatory or other developments in the particular countries or neighboring regions.  The extent of economic development, political stability and market depth of different countries varies widely.  Certain countries in the Asia region, including Cambodia, China, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, are either comparatively underdeveloped or are in the process of becoming developed.  Such investments typically involve greater potential for gain or loss than investments in securities of issuers in developed countries.

 

The securities markets in developing countries are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets in the United States.  A high proportion of the shares of issuers in developing countries may be held by a limited number of persons and financial institutions, which may limit the number of shares available for investment by the Fund.  The small size, limited trading volume and relative inexperience of the securities markets in these countries may make investments in securities traded in emerging markets less liquid and more volatile than investments in securities traded in more developed countries.  For example, limited market size may cause prices to be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions.  A limited number of issuers in developing countries’ securities markets may represent a disproportionately large percentage of market capitalization and trading volume.  The limited liquidity of securities markets in developing countries may also affect the Fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so.  Accordingly, during periods of rising securities prices in the more illiquid securities markets, the Fund’s ability to participate fully in such price increases may be limited by its investment policy of investing not more than 15% of its total net assets in illiquid securities.  Conversely, the Fund’s inability to dispose fully and promptly of positions in declining markets could cause the Fund’s net asset value to decline as the value of the unsold positions is marked to lower prices.  In addition, the Fund may be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before making investments in securities traded in emerging markets.  There may be little financial or accounting information available with respect to issuers of emerging market securities, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the value of prospects of an investment in such securities.

 

The currencies of certain emerging market countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and future devaluations may adversely affect the value of assets denominated in such currencies.  In addition, currency hedging techniques may be unavailable in certain emerging market countries.  Many emerging market countries have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation or deflation for many years, and future inflation may adversely affect the economies and securities markets of such countries.

 

Political and economic structures in many such countries may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of the United States. In addition, unanticipated political or social developments may affect the value of investments in emerging markets and the availability of additional investments in these markets.  Any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities.  Certain of such countries have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of

 

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private companies.  As a result, the risks described above, including the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, may be heightened.

 

Economies of developing countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States’ economy in such respects as rate of growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.  As export-driven economies, the economies of countries in the Asia Region are affected by developments in the economies of their principal trading partners.  Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan have limited natural resources, resulting in dependence on foreign sources for certain raw materials and economic vulnerability to global fluctuations of price and supply.

 

Certain developing countries do not have comprehensive systems of laws, although substantial changes have occurred in many such countries in this regard in recent years.  Laws regarding fiduciary duties of officers and directors and the protection of shareholders may not be well developed.  Even where adequate law exists in such developing countries, it may be impossible to obtain swift and equitable enforcement of such law, or to obtain enforcement of the judgment by a court of another jurisdiction.

 

The risk also exists that an emergency situation may arise in one or more emerging markets as a result of which trading of securities may cease or may be substantially curtailed and prices for the Fund’s securities in such markets may not be readily available.  The Fund may suspend redemption of its shares for any period during which an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, or, if the Fund believes that appropriate circumstances exist, it may apply to the SEC for a determination that an emergency is present.  During the period commencing from the Fund’s identification of such condition until the date of the SEC action, the Fund’s securities in the affected markets will be valued at fair value determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Fund’s Board.

 

Certain of the foregoing risks may also apply to some extent to securities of U.S. issuers that are denominated in foreign currencies or that are traded in foreign markets, or securities of U.S. issuers having significant foreign operations

 

Trading in futures contracts on foreign commodity exchanges may be subject to the same or similar risks as trading in foreign securities.

 

Foreign Sovereign Debt Risk.  The Fund may invest in foreign sovereign debt.  Investment in sovereign debt can involve a high degree of risk.  The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt.  A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy toward the IMF, and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject.  Governmental entities may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt.  The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entity’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations.  Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic

 

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performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to service its debts in a timely manner.  Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt.  Holders of sovereign debt may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities.  There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt on which governmental entities have defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.  To the extent that the Fund invests in obligations issued by emerging markets, these investments involve additional risks.  Sovereign obligors in emerging market countries are among the world’s largest debtors to commercial banks, other governments, international financial organizations and other financial institutions.  These obligors have in the past experienced substantial difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness.  Restructuring arrangements have included, among other things, reducing and rescheduling interest and principal payments by negotiating new or amended credit agreements or converting outstanding principal and unpaid interest to Brady Bonds, and obtaining new credit for finance interest payments.  Holders of certain foreign sovereign debt securities may be requested to participate in the restructuring of such obligations and to extend further loans to their issuers.  There can be no assurance that the foreign sovereign debt securities in which the Fund may invest will not be subject to similar restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit which may adversely affect the Fund’s holdings.

 

General Characteristics of FuturesThe Fund may enter into futures contracts or purchase or sell put and call options on such futures as a hedge against anticipated interest rate, currency or equity market changes, and for duration management, risk management and return enhancement purposes.  Futures are generally bought and sold on the commodities exchanges where they are listed with payment of initial and variation margin as described below.  The sale of a futures contract creates a firm obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver to the buyer the specific type of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for a specified price (or, with respect to index futures and Eurodollar instruments, the net cash amount).  Options on futures contracts are similar to options on securities except that an option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a futures contract and obligates the seller to deliver such position.

 

On February 9, 2012, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) adopted amendments to its rules which will limit the Fund’s ability to use futures and swaps in reliance on certain past CFTC exemptions. If the Fund cannot execute its investment strategies within the new limits, the Adviser and Subadviser will be required to register with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund.  As a result of such registration, the disclosure and operations of the Fund will need to comply with all applicable regulations governing commodity pools, which will increase the Fund’s regulatory compliance costs.

 

Futures and options on futures may be entered into for bona fide hedging, risk management (including duration management) or other portfolio and return enhancement management purposes to the extent consistent with the exclusion from commodity pool operator registration.  Typically, maintaining a futures contract or selling an option thereon requires the Fund to deposit with a financial intermediary as security for its obligations an amount of cash or other specified assets (initial margin) which initially is typically 1% to 10% of the face amount of the contract (but may be higher in some circumstances).  Additional cash or assets (variation margin)

 

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may be required to be deposited thereafter on a daily basis as the marked to market value of the contract fluctuates.  The purchase of an option on financial futures involves payment of a premium for the option without any further obligation on the part of the Fund.  If the Fund exercises an option on a futures contract it will be obligated to post initial margin (and potential subsequent variation margin) for the resulting futures position just as it would for any position.  Futures contracts and options thereon are generally settled by entering into an offsetting transaction but there can be no assurance that the position can be offset prior to settlement at an advantageous price, or that delivery will occur.

 

Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a future or option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit.  Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.

 

If the Fund were unable to liquidate a futures or option on a futures contract position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses, because it would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position.  In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.

 

Certain characteristics of the futures market might increase the risk that movements in the prices of futures contracts or options on futures contracts might not correlate perfectly with movements in the prices of the investments being hedged.  For example, all participants in the futures and options on futures contracts markets are subject to daily variation margin calls and might be compelled to liquidate futures or options on futures contracts positions whose prices are moving unfavorably to avoid being subject to further calls.  These liquidations could increase price volatility of the instruments and distort the normal price relationship between the futures or options and the investments being hedged.  Also, because initial margin deposit requirements in the futures markets are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities markets, there might be increased participation by speculators in the future markets.  This participation also might cause temporary price distortions.  In addition, activities of large traders in both the futures and securities markets involving arbitrage, “program trading” and other investment strategies might result in temporary price distortions.

 

The Fund will not enter into a futures contract or related option (except for closing transactions) if, immediately thereafter, the sum of the amount of its initial margin and premiums on open futures contracts and options thereon would exceed 5% of such Fund’s total assets (taken at current value); however, in the case of an option that is in-the-money at the time of the purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded in calculating the 5% limitation.  The segregation requirements with respect to futures contracts and options thereon are described above under “Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts”.

 

General Characteristics of OptionsPut options and call options typically have similar structural characteristics and operational mechanics regardless of the underlying instrument on which they are purchased or sold.  Thus, the following general discussion relates to each of the

 

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particular types of options discussed in greater detail below.  In addition, many Strategic Transactions (defined below) involving options require segregation of fund assets in special accounts, as described above under “Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts.”

 

A put option gives the purchaser of the option, upon payment of a premium, the right to sell, and the writer the obligation to buy, the underlying security, commodity, index, currency or other instrument at the exercise price.  For instance, the Fund’s purchase of a put option on a security might be designed to protect its holdings in the underlying instrument (or, in some cases, a similar instrument) against a substantial decline in the market value by giving the Fund the right to sell such instrument at the option exercise price.  A call option, upon payment of a premium, gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the seller the obligation to sell, the underlying instrument at the exercise price.  The Fund’s purchase of a call option on a security, financial future, index, currency or other instrument might be intended to protect the Fund against an increase in the price of the underlying instrument that it intends to purchase in the future by fixing the price at which it may purchase such instrument.  An American style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period while a European style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior thereto.  The Fund is authorized to purchase and sell exchange listed options and OTC options.  Exchange listed options are issued by a regulated intermediary such as the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”), which guarantees the performance of the obligations of the parties to such options.  The discussion below uses the OCC as an example, but is also applicable to other financial intermediaries.

 

With certain exceptions, OCC issued and exchange listed options generally settle by physical delivery of the underlying security or currency, although in the future cash settlement may become available.  Index options and Eurodollar instruments are cash settled for the net amount, if any, by which the option is “in-the-money” (i.e., where the value of the underlying instrument exceeds, in the case of a call option, or is less than, in the case of a put option, the exercise price of the option) at the time the option is exercised.  Frequently, rather than taking or making delivery of the underlying instrument through the process of exercising the option, listed options are closed by entering into offsetting purchase or sale transactions that do not result in ownership of the new option.

 

The Fund’s ability to close out its position as a purchaser or seller of an OCC or exchange listed put or call option is dependent, in part, upon the liquidity of the option market.  Among the possible reasons for the absence of a liquid option market on an exchange are: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities including reaching daily price limits; (iv) interruption of the normal operations of the OCC or an exchange; (v) inadequacy of the facilities of an exchange or OCC to handle current trading volume; or (vi) a decision by one or more exchanges to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the relevant market for that option on that exchange would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that exchange would generally continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

 

The hours of trading for listed options may not coincide with the hours during which the underlying financial instruments are traded.  To the extent that the option markets close before the markets for the underlying financial instruments, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets.

 

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OTC options are purchased from or sold to securities dealers, financial institutions or other parties (“Counterparties”) through direct bilateral agreement with the Counterparty.  In contrast to exchange listed options, which generally have standardized terms and performance mechanics, all the terms of an OTC option, including such terms as method of settlement, term, exercise price, premium, guarantees and security, are set by negotiation of the parties.  The Fund will only sell OTC options (other than OTC currency options) that are subject to a buy-back provision permitting the Fund to require the Counterparty to sell the option back to the Fund at a formula price within seven days.  The Fund expects generally to enter into OTC options that have cash settlement provisions, although it is not required to do so.

 

Unless the parties provide for it, there is no central clearing or guaranty function in an OTC option.  As a result, if the Counterparty fails to make or take delivery of the security, currency or other instrument underlying an OTC option it has entered into with the Fund or fails to make a cash settlement payment due in accordance with the terms of that option, the Fund will lose any premium it paid for the option as well as any anticipated benefit of the transaction.  Accordingly, the Adviser must assess the creditworthiness of each such Counterparty or any guarantor or credit enhancement of the Counterparty’s credit to determine the likelihood that the terms of the OTC option will be satisfied.  The staff of the SEC currently takes the position that OTC options purchased by the Fund, and portfolio securities “covering” the amount of the Fund’s obligation pursuant to an OTC option sold by it (the cost of the sell-back plus the in-the-money amount, if any) are illiquid, and are subject to the Fund’s limitation on investing no more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.

 

If the Fund sells a call option, the premium that it receives may serve as a partial hedge, to the extent of the option premium, against a decrease in the value of the underlying securities or instruments in its portfolio or will increase the Fund’s income.  The sale of put options can also provide income.

 

The Fund may purchase and sell call options on securities including U.S. Treasury and agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, foreign sovereign debt, corporate debt securities, equity securities (including convertible securities) and Eurodollar instruments that are traded on U.S. and foreign securities exchanges and in the over-the-counter markets, and on securities indices, currencies and futures contracts.  All calls sold by the Fund must be “covered” (i.e., the Fund must own the securities or futures contract subject to the call) or must meet the asset segregation requirements described below as long as the call is outstanding.  Even though the Fund will receive the option premium to help protect it against loss, a call sold by the Fund exposes the Fund during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or instrument and may require the Fund to hold a security or instrument which it might otherwise have sold.

 

The Fund may purchase and sell put options on securities including U.S. Treasury and agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, foreign sovereign debt, corporate debt securities, equity securities (including convertible securities) and Eurodollar instruments (whether or not it holds the above securities in its portfolio), and on securities indices, currencies and futures contracts other than futures on individual corporate debt and individual equity securities.  The Fund will not sell put options if, as a result, more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets would be required to be segregated to cover its potential obligations under such put options other than those with respect to futures and options thereon.  In selling put options, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to buy the underlying security at a disadvantageous price above the market price.

 

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Options on Swaps (“Swaptions”).  The Fund may purchase and sell put and call options on swap agreements, commonly referred to as swaptions.  The Fund will enter into such transactions for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return.  Swaptions are highly specialized investments and are not traded on or regulated by any securities exchange or regulated by the SEC or the CFTC.

 

The buyer of a swaption pays a non-refundable premium for the option and obtains the right, but not the obligation, to enter into an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms.  The seller of a swaption, in exchange for the premium, becomes obligated (if the option is exercised) to enter into an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms.

 

As with other options on securities, indices, or futures contracts, the price of any swaption will reflect both an intrinsic value component, which may be zero, and a time premium component.  The intrinsic value component represents what the value of the swaption would be if it were immediately exercisable into the underlying interest rate swap.  The intrinsic value component measures the degree to which an option is in-the-money, if at all.  The time premium represents the difference between the actual price of the swaption and the intrinsic value.

 

The pricing and valuation terms of swaptions are not standardized and there is no clearinghouse whereby a party to the agreement can enter into an offsetting position to close out a contract.  Swaptions must thus be regarded as inherently illiquid.

 

The use of swaptions, as the foregoing discussion suggests, is subject to risks and complexities beyond what might be encountered with investing directly in the securities and other traditional investments that are the referenced asset for the swap or other standardized, exchange traded options and futures contracts.  Such risks include operational risks, valuation risks, credit risks, and/or counterparty risk (i.e., the risk that the counterparty cannot or will not perform its obligations under the agreement).  In addition, at the time the swaption reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund will not be able to obtain a replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement will not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction.  If this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the performance of the Fund.

 

While the Fund may utilize swaptions for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return, their use might result in poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in any such transactions.  If, for example, the Fund had insufficient cash, it might have to sell or pledge a portion of its underlying portfolio of securities in order to meet daily mark-to-market collateralization requirements at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so.  There may be an imperfect correlation between the Fund’s portfolio holdings and swaptions entered into by the Fund, which may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Fund to risk of loss.  Further, the Fund’s use of swaptions to reduce risk involves costs and will be subject to the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly changes in interest rate relationships or other factors.  No assurance can be given that the Adviser’s judgment in this respect will be correct.

 

Illiquid and Restricted SecuritiesThe Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.  An illiquid security is generally any security which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at which the Fund has valued the investment. Illiquid securities include repurchase agreements which

 

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have a maturity of longer than seven days, time deposits maturing in more than seven days, and securities with a contractual restriction on resale (“restricted securities”) or other factors limiting the marketability of the security. Repurchase agreements subject to demand are deemed to have a maturity equal to the notice period. If a change in net asset value or other external events cause the Fund’s investments in illiquid securities to exceed the limit set forth above for the Fund’s investment in illiquid securities, the Fund will act to cause the aggregate amount of such securities to come within such limit as soon as reasonably practicable.  In such event, however, the Fund would not be required to liquidate any portfolio securities where the Fund would suffer a loss on the sale of such securities.

 

Generally speaking, restricted securities may be sold (i) only to qualified institutional buyers; (ii) in a privately negotiated transaction to a limited number of purchasers; (iii) in limited quantities after they have been held for a specified period of time and other conditions are met pursuant to an exemption from registration; or (iv) in a public offering for which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Issuers of restricted securities may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that would be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. Restricted securities are often illiquid, but they may also be liquid.

 

The SEC has adopted Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act, which allow for a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on resale to the general public. Rule 144A and Regulation S establish a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Any such restricted securities will be considered to be illiquid for purposes of the Fund’s limitations on investments in illiquid securities unless, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust, the Adviser or Subadviser has determined such securities to be liquid because such securities are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S and are readily saleable. To the extent that qualified institutional buyers may become uninterested in purchasing Rule 144A or Regulation S securities, the Fund’s level of illiquidity may increase.

 

Issuers of restricted securities may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirement that would be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. Where a registration statement is required for the resale of restricted securities, the Fund may be required to bear all or part of the registration expenses. The Fund may be deemed to be an “underwriter” for purposes of the Securities Act when selling restricted securities to the public and, in such event, the Fund may be liable to purchasers of such securities if the registration statement prepared by the issuer is materially inaccurate or misleading.

 

The Fund may also purchase securities that are not subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, but that are deemed illiquid. Such securities may be illiquid, for example, because there is a limited trading market for them. The Fund may be unable to sell a restricted or illiquid security. In addition, it may be more difficult to determine a market value for restricted or illiquid securities. Moreover, if adverse market conditions were to develop during the period between the Fund’s decision to sell a restricted or illiquid security and the point at which the Fund is permitted or able to sell such security, the Fund might obtain a price less favorable than the price that prevailed when it decided to sell. This investment practice, therefore, could have the effect of decreasing the level of illiquidity of such Fund.

 

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Initial Public Offerings (IPOs).  The Fund may invest in IPOs.  The availability of IPOs may be limited and the Fund may not be able to buy any shares at the offering price, or may not be able to buy as many shares at the offering price as it would like. Further, IPO prices often are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than more established stocks.

 

Lending of Portfolio SecuritiesThe Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions, provided it receives collateral, with respect to each loan of U.S. securities, equal to at least 102% of the value of the portfolio securities loaned, and, with respect to each loan of non-U.S. securities, collateral of at least 105% of the value of the portfolio securities loaned, and at all times thereafter shall require the borrower to mark to market such collateral on a daily basis so that the market value of such collateral does not fall below 100% of the market value of the portfolio securities so loaned.  By lending its portfolio securities, the Fund can increase its income through the investment of the collateral.  For the purposes of this policy, the Fund considers collateral consisting of cash, U.S. government securities or letters of credit issued by banks whose securities meet the standards for investment by the Fund to be the equivalent of cash.  From time to time, the Fund may return to the borrower or a third party which is unaffiliated with it, and which is acting as a “placing broker,” a part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral received for securities loaned.

 

The SEC currently requires that the following conditions must be met whenever portfolio securities are loaned: (1) the fund must receive from the borrower collateral equal to at least 100% of the value of the portfolio securities loaned; (2) the borrower must increase such collateral whenever the market value of the securities loaned rises above the level of such collateral; (3) the fund must be able to terminate the loan at any time; (4) the fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other distributions payable on the loaned securities, and any increase in market value; (5) the fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees in connection with the loan; and (6) while any voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, the fund’s board of directors/trustees must be able to terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities if a material event adversely affecting the investment occurs.   These conditions may be subject to future modifications.

 

Loan agreements involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency of the other party including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund’s ability to recover the loaned securities or dispose of the collateral for the loan.  In addition, there is the possibility of losses resulting from the investment of collateral where the market value of the collateral falls below 100%.  Such losses may include, but are not limited to, losses associated with deterioration in the credit of the investments of collateral.  These losses generally would be borne by the Fund lending its portfolio securities, which would have a negative impact on the lending Fund’s performance.

 

Investment of Securities Lending Collateral.  The collateral received from a borrower as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities will be used to purchase both fixed-income securities and other securities with debt-like characteristics that are rated A1 or P1 (except as noted below) on a fixed rate or floating rate basis, including but not limited to:  (a) bank obligations, such as bank bills, bank notes, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, deposit notes, loan participations, medium term notes, mortgage backed securities, structured liquidity notes, and time deposits; (b) corporate obligations, such as commercial paper, corporate bonds, investment agreements, funding agreements, or guaranteed investment contracts entered into with, or guaranteed

 

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by, an insurance company, loan participations, master notes, medium term notes, and second tier commercial paper (which must have a minimum rating of two of the following:  A-2, P-2 and F-2); (c) sovereigns, such as commercial paper, U.S. Government securities (including securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies, instrumentalities, establishments or the like), sovereign obligations of non-U.S.  countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development of the European Union (including securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the sovereign, its agencies, instrumentalities, establishments or the like) and supranational issuers; and (d) repurchase agreements, including reverse repurchase agreements (which permitted collateral, in most cases, must have an investment grade rating from at least two NRSROs).  Except for the investment agreements, funding agreements or guaranteed investment contracts guaranteed by an insurance company, master notes, and medium term notes (which are described below), these types of investments are described elsewhere in the SAI.  Collateral may also be invested in a money market mutual fund or short-term collective investment trust.

 

Investment agreements, funding agreements, or guaranteed investment contracts entered into with, or guaranteed by, an insurance company are agreements where an insurance company either provides for the investment of the Fund’s assets or provides for a minimum guaranteed rate of return to the investor.

 

Master notes are promissory notes issued usually with large, creditworthy broker-dealers on either a fixed rate or floating rate basis.  Master notes may or may not be collateralized by underlying securities.  If the master note is issued by an unrated subsidiary of a broker-dealer, then an unconditional guarantee is provided by the issuer’s parent.

 

Medium term notes are unsecured, continuously offered corporate debt obligations.  Although medium term notes may be offered with a maturity from one to ten years, in the context of securities lending collateral the maturity of the medium term note will not generally exceed two years.

 

Money Market InstrumentsMoney market instruments may include the following types of instruments:

 

·                                          obligations issued or guaranteed as to interest and principal by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities, or any federally chartered corporation, with remaining maturities of 397 days or less;

 

·                                          obligations of sovereign foreign governments, their agencies, instrumentalities and political subdivisions, with remaining maturities of 397 days or less;

 

·                                          obligations of municipalities and states, their agencies and political subdivisions with remaining maturities of 397 days or less;

 

·                                          asset-backed commercial paper whose own rating or the rating of any guarantor is in one of the two highest categories of any NRSRO;

 

·                                          repurchase agreements;

 

·                                          bank or savings and loan obligations;

 

·                                          commercial paper (including asset-backed commercial paper), which are short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current

 

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operations.  It may also be issued by foreign governments, and states and municipalities.  Generally the commercial paper or its guarantor will be rated within the top two rating categories by a NRSRO, or if not rated, is issued and guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by companies which at the date of investment have a high quality outstanding debt issue;

 

·                                          bank loan participation agreements representing obligations of corporations having a high quality short-term rating, at the date of investment, and under which the Fund will look to the creditworthiness of the lender bank, which is obligated to make payments of principal and interest on the loan, as well as to creditworthiness of the borrower;

 

·                                          high quality short-term (maturity in 397 days or less) corporate obligations, rated within the top two rating categories by a NRSRO or, if not rated, deemed to be of comparable quality by the Adviser or Subadviser;

 

·                                          extendable commercial notes, which differ from traditional commercial paper because the issuer can extend the maturity of the note up to 397 days with the option to call the note any time during the extension period; and

 

·                                          unrated short-term (maturing in 397 days or less) debt obligations that are determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to the securities described above.

 

Non-Investment Grade Debt (High Yield/High Risk Bonds) The Fund may purchase debt securities which are rated below investment-grade (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”), that is, rated below Baa by Moody’s or below BBB by Standard & Poor’s or Fitch or a comparable rating by another NRSRO and unrated securities judged to be of equivalent quality as determined by the Adviser.  These securities usually entail greater risk (including the possibility of default or bankruptcy of the issuers of such securities), generally involve greater volatility of price and risk to principal and income, and may be less liquid, than securities in the higher rating categories.  The lower the ratings of such debt securities, the more their risks render them like equity securities.  Securities rated D may be in default with respect to payment of principal or interest.  See Appendix B to this SAI for a more complete description of the ratings assigned by these ratings organizations and their respective characteristics.

 

Issuers of such high-yield securities often are highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing.  Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with higher rated securities.  For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of high yield securities may experience financial stress.  During such periods, such issuers may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations.  The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific corporate developments, or the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts, or the unavailability of additional financing.  The risk of loss from default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of high yield securities because such securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors of the issuer.  Prices and yields of high yield securities will fluctuate over time and, during periods of economic uncertainty, volatility of high yield securities may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value.  In addition, investments in high yield zero coupon

 

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or pay-in-kind bonds, rather than income-bearing high yield securities, may be more speculative and may be subject to greater fluctuations in value due to changes in interest rates.

 

The Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain high-yield securities because they may have a thin trading market.  Because not all dealers maintain markets in all high yield securities, the Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors.  The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse effect on the market price and the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular issues and may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing the fund’s assets.  Market quotations generally are available on many high yield issues only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales.  Adverse publicity and investor perceptions may decrease the values and liquidity of high-yield securities.  These securities may also involve special registration responsibilities, liabilities and costs, and liquidity and valuation difficulties.

 

Credit quality in the high-yield securities market can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and even recently-issued credit ratings may not fully reflect the actual risks posed by a particular high-yield security.  For these reasons, it is generally the policy of the Adviser not to rely exclusively on ratings issued by established credit rating agencies, but to supplement such ratings with its own independent and on-going review of credit quality.  The achievement of the Fund’s investment objective by investment in such securities may be more dependent on the Adviser’s credit analysis than is the case for higher quality bonds.  Should the rating of a portfolio security be downgraded, the Adviser will determine whether it is in the best interests of the Fund to retain or dispose of such security.

 

Prices for high-yield securities may be affected by legislative and regulatory developments.  Also, Congress has from time to time considered legislation which would restrict or eliminate the corporate tax deduction for interest payments in these securities and regulate corporate restructurings.  Such legislation may significantly depress the prices of outstanding securities of this type.

 

A portion of the high-yield securities acquired by the Fund may be purchased upon issuance, which may involve special risks because the securities so acquired are new issues.  In such instances, the Fund may be a substantial purchaser of the issue and therefore have the opportunity to participate in structuring the terms of the offering.  Although this may enable the Fund to seek to protect itself against certain of such risks, the considerations discussed herein would nevertheless remain applicable.

 

Pay-In-Kind Bonds (“PIK Bonds”) and Deferred Payment SecuritiesPIK bonds pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities.  Deferred payment securities are securities that remain zero coupon securities until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals.  Deferred payment securities are often sold at substantial discounts from their maturity value.

 

PIK bonds and deferred payment securities tend to be subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates than are ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities.  PIK bonds and deferred payment securities may be issued by a wide variety of corporate and governmental issuers.  Although these instruments are generally not traded on a national securities exchange, they are widely traded by brokers and dealers and, to such extent, will

 

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not be considered illiquid for the purposes of the Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Repurchase AgreementsThe Fund may invest in repurchase agreements pursuant to its investment guidelines.  In a repurchase agreement, the Fund acquires ownership of a security and simultaneously commits to resell that security to the seller, typically a bank or broker/dealer.

 

A repurchase agreement provides a means for the Fund to earn income on funds for periods as short as overnight.  It is an arrangement under which the purchaser (i.e., the Fund) acquires a security (“Obligation”) and the seller agrees, at the time of sale, to repurchase the Obligation at a specified time and price.  Repurchase agreements are considered by the staff of the SEC to be loans by the Fund.  Securities subject to a repurchase agreement are held in a segregated account and, as described in more detail below, the value of such securities is kept at least equal to the repurchase price on a daily basis.  The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at a stated rate due to the Fund together with the repurchase price upon repurchase.  In either case, the income to the Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the Obligation itself.  Obligations will be held by the custodian or in the Federal Reserve Book Entry System.

 

It is not clear whether a court would consider the Obligation purchased by the Fund subject to a repurchase agreement as being owned by the Fund or as being collateral for a loan by the Fund to the seller.  In the event of the commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller of the Obligation before repurchase of the Obligation under a repurchase agreement, the Fund may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the security.  Delays may involve loss of interest or decline in price of the Obligation.  If the court characterizes the transaction as a loan and the Fund has not perfected a security interest in the Obligation, the Fund may be required to return the Obligation to the seller’s estate and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller.  As an unsecured creditor, the Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.  As with any unsecured debt Obligation purchased for the Fund, the Adviser seeks to reduce the risk of loss through repurchase agreements by analyzing the creditworthiness of the obligor, in this case the seller of the Obligation.  Apart from the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, there is also the risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the Obligation, in which case the Fund may incur a loss if the proceeds to the Fund of the sale to a third party are less than the repurchase price.  However, if the market value of the Obligation subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than the repurchase price (including interest), the Fund will direct the seller of the Obligation to deliver additional securities so that the market value (including interest) of all securities subject to the repurchase agreement will equal or exceed the repurchase price.

 

Reverse Repurchase AgreementsThe Fund may enter into “reverse repurchase agreements,” which are repurchase agreements in which the Fund, as the seller of the securities, agrees to repurchase them at an agreed upon time and price.  The Fund generally retains the right to interest and principal payments on the security.  Since the Fund receives cash upon entering into a reverse repurchase agreement, it may be considered a borrowing (see “Borrowing”).  When required by guidelines of the SEC, the Fund will segregate or earmark permissible liquid assets to secure its obligations to repurchase the security.  At the time the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will establish and maintain segregated or earmarked liquid assets with an approved custodian having a value not less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest).  The

 

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segregated or earmarked liquid assets will be marked-to-market daily and additional assets will be segregated or earmarked on any day in which the assets fall below the repurchase price (plus accrued interest).  The Fund’s liquidity and ability to manage its assets might be affected when it sets aside cash or portfolio securities to cover such commitments.  Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase.  In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such determination.  Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act.  The Fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only when the Adviser believes that the interest income to be earned from the investment of the proceeds of the transaction will be greater than the interest expense of the transaction. Such transactions may increase fluctuation in the market value of Fund assets and their yields.

 

Short Sales.  The Fund may engage in short sales.  In a short sale of securities, the Fund sells stock which it does not own, making delivery with securities “borrowed” from a broker.  The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement.  This price may or may not be less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund.  Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan.  In order to borrow the security, the Fund may also have to pay a premium and/or interest which would increase the cost of the security sold.  The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.  In addition, the broker may require the deposit of collateral (generally, up to 50% of the value of the securities sold short).

 

The Fund will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security.  The Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those two dates.  The amount of any gain will be decreased and the amount of any loss will be increased by any premium or interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale.  When a cash dividend is declared on a security for which the Fund has a short position, the Fund incurs the obligation to pay an amount equal to that dividend to the lender of the shorted security.  However, any such dividend on a security sold short generally reduces the market value of the shorted security, thus increasing the Fund’s unrealized gain or reducing the Fund’s unrealized loss on its short-sale transaction.  Whether the Fund will be successful in utilizing a short sale will depend, in part, on the Adviser’s or Subadviser’s ability to correctly predict whether the price of a security it borrows to sell short will decrease.

 

In a short sale, the seller does not immediately deliver the securities sold and is said to have a short position in those securities until delivery occurs.  The Fund must segregate or earmark an amount of cash or other liquid assets equal to the difference between (a) the market value of securities sold short at the time that they were sold short and (b) the value of the collateral deposited with the broker to meet margin requirements in connection with the short sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale).  While the short position is open, the Fund must maintain on a daily basis segregated or earmarked liquid assets at such a level that the amount

 

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segregated or earmarked plus the amount of collateral deposited with the broker as margin equals the current market value of the securities sold short.

 

The Fund also may engage in short sales if at the time of the short sale the Fund owns or has the right to obtain without additional cost an equal amount of the security being sold short.  This investment technique is known as a short sale “against the box.” The Fund does not intend to engage in short sales against the box for investment purposes.  The Fund may, however, make a short sale as a hedge, when it believes that the price of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by the Fund (or a security convertible or exchangeable for such security), or when the Fund wants to sell the security at an attractive current price.  In such case, any future losses in the Fund’s long position should be offset by a gain in the short position and, conversely, any gain in the long position should be reduced by a loss in the short position.  The extent to which such gains or losses are reduced will depend upon the amount of the security sold short relative to the amount the Fund owns.  There will be certain additional transaction costs associated with short sales against the box.  For tax purposes, if the Fund enters into a short sale “against the box,” it may be treated as having made a constructive sale of an “appreciated financial position” causing the Fund to realize a gain (but not a loss).

 

Strategic Transactions, Derivatives and Synthetic InvestmentsThe Fund may, but is not required to, utilize various other investment strategies as described below for a variety of purposes, such as hedging various market risks, managing the effective maturity or duration of the fixed-income securities in the Fund’s portfolio or enhancing potential gain.  These strategies may be executed through the use of derivative contracts.  In certain circumstances, the Fund may wish to obtain the price performance of a security without actually purchasing the security in circumstances where, for example, the security is illiquid, or is unavailable for direct investment or available only on less attractive terms.  In such circumstances, the Fund may invest in synthetic or derivative alternative investments (“Synthetic Investments”) that are based upon or otherwise relate to the economic performance of the underlying securities.  Synthetic Investments may include swap transactions, notes or units with variable redemption amounts, and other similar instruments and contracts.  Synthetic Investments typically do not represent beneficial ownership of the underlying security, usually are not collateralized or otherwise secured by the counterparty and may or may not have any credit enhancements attached to them.

 

In the course of pursuing these investment strategies, the Fund may purchase and sell exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on securities, equity and fixed-income indices and other instruments, purchase and sell futures contracts and options thereon, enter into various transactions such as swaps, caps, floors, collars, currency forward contracts, currency futures contracts, currency swaps or options on currencies, or currency futures and various other currency transactions (collectively, all the above are called “Strategic Transactions”).  In addition, strategic transactions may also include new techniques, instruments or strategies that are permitted as regulatory changes occur.  Strategic Transactions may be used subject to certain limits imposed by the 1940 Act to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of securities held in or to be purchased for the Fund’s portfolio resulting from securities markets or currency exchange rate fluctuations, to protect the Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its portfolio securities, to facilitate the sale of such securities for investment purposes, to manage the effective maturity or duration of the Fund’s portfolio, or to establish a position in the derivatives markets as a substitute for purchasing or selling particular securities.  Any or all of these investment techniques may be

 

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used at any time and in any combination, and there is no particular strategy that dictates the use of one technique rather than another, as use of any Strategic Transaction is a function of numerous variables including market conditions.  The ability of the Fund to utilize these Strategic Transactions successfully will depend on the Adviser’s ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured.  The Fund will comply with applicable regulatory requirements when implementing these strategies, techniques and instruments.  Strategic Transactions will not be used to alter fundamental investment purposes and characteristics of the Fund, and the Fund will segregate assets (or as provided by applicable regulations, enter into certain offsetting positions) to cover its obligations under options, futures and swaps to limit leveraging of the Fund.

 

Strategic Transactions, including derivative contracts and Synthetic Investments, have risks associated with them including possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Adviser’s view as to certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of such Strategic Transactions could result in losses greater than if they had not been used.  Synthetic Investments also involve exposure to the creditworthiness of the issuer of the underlying security, changes in exchange rates and future governmental actions taken by the jurisdiction in which the underlying security is issued, and counterparties involved. Use of put and call options may result in losses to the Fund, force the sale or purchase of portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices higher than (in the case of put options) or lower than (in the case of call options) current market values, limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on its investments or cause the Fund to hold a security it might otherwise sell.  The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund incurring losses as a result of a number of factors including the imposition of exchange controls, suspension of settlements, or the inability to deliver or receive a specified currency.  The use of options and futures transactions entails certain other risks.  In particular, the variable degree of correlation between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the related portfolio position of the Fund creates the possibility that losses on the hedging instrument may be greater than gains in the value of the Fund’s position.  In addition, futures and options markets may not be liquid in all circumstances and certain over-the-counter options may have no markets.  As a result, in certain markets, the Fund might not be able to close out a transaction without incurring substantial losses, if at all.  Although the use of futures and options transactions for hedging should tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged position, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain which might result from an increase in value of such position.  Finally, the daily variation margin requirements for futures contracts would create a greater ongoing potential financial risk than would purchases of options, where the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium.  Losses resulting from the use of Strategic Transactions would reduce net asset value, and possibly income, and such losses can be greater than if the Strategic Transactions had not been utilized.

 

It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as part of its investment strategy, which could negatively impact the Fund. For example, some legislative and regulatory proposals, such as those in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) (which was passed into law in July 2010), would upon implementation impose limits on the maximum position that could be held by a single trader in certain contracts and would subject some derivatives transactions to new forms of regulation that could create barriers to some types of investment activity. Other provisions would require many swaps to be cleared and traded on an exchange, expand entity registration requirements, impose business conduct requirements on dealers that enter into swaps with a pension plan, endowment,

 

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retirement plan or government entity, and require banks to move some derivatives trading units to a non-guaranteed affiliate separate from the deposit-taking bank or divest them altogether. While many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act must be implemented through future rulemaking, and any regulatory or legislative activity may not necessarily have a direct, immediate effect upon the Fund, it is possible that, upon implementation of these measures or any future measures, they could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also prevent the Fund from using these instruments or affect the pricing or other factors relating to these instruments, or may change availability of certain investments.

 

Risks of Strategic Transactions Outside the U.S.  When conducted outside the U.S., Strategic Transactions may not be regulated as rigorously as in the U.S., may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities, currencies and other instruments.  The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the U.S. of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the U.S., (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the U.S., and (v) lower trading volume and liquidity.

 

Use of Segregated and Other Special Accounts.  Many Strategic Transactions, in addition to other requirements, require that the Fund segregate cash or liquid assets with its custodian to the extent fund obligations are not otherwise “covered” through ownership of the underlying security, financial instrument or currency.  In general, either the full amount of any obligation by the Fund to pay or deliver securities or assets must be covered at all times by the securities, instruments or currency required to be delivered, or, subject to any regulatory restrictions, an amount of cash or liquid assets at least equal to the current amount of the obligation must be segregated with the custodian.  The segregated assets cannot be sold or transferred unless equivalent assets are substituted in their place or it is no longer necessary to segregate them.  For example, a call option written by the Fund will require the Fund to hold the securities subject to the call (or securities convertible into the needed securities without additional consideration) or to segregate cash or liquid assets sufficient to purchase and deliver the securities if the call is exercised.  A call option sold by the Fund on an index will require the Fund to own portfolio securities which correlate with the index or to segregate cash or liquid assets equal to the excess of the index value over the exercise price on a current basis.  A put option written by the Fund requires the Fund to segregate cash or liquid assets equal to the exercise price.

 

Except when the Fund enters into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a particular currency, which requires no segregation, a currency contract which obligates the Fund to buy or sell currency will generally require the Fund to hold an amount of that currency or liquid assets denominated in that currency equal to the Fund’s obligations or to segregate cash or liquid assets equal to the amount of the Fund’s obligation.

 

OTC options entered into by the Fund, including those on securities, currency, financial instruments or indices and OCC issued and exchange listed index options, will generally provide for cash settlement.  As a result, when the Fund sells these instruments it will only segregate an amount of cash or liquid assets equal to its accrued net obligations, as there is no requirement for payment or delivery of amounts in excess of the net amount.  These amounts will equal 100% of the

 

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exercise price in the case of a non cash-settled put, the same as an OCC guaranteed listed option sold by the Fund, or the in-the-money amount plus any sell-back formula amount in the case of a cash-settled put or call.  In addition, when the Fund sells a call option on an index at a time when the in-the-money amount exceeds the exercise price, the Fund will segregate, until the option expires or is closed out, cash or cash equivalents equal in value to such excess.  OCC issued and exchange listed options sold by the Fund other than those above generally settle with physical delivery, or with an election of either physical delivery or cash settlement, and the Fund will segregate an amount of cash or liquid assets equal to the full value of the option.  OTC options settling with physical delivery, or with an election of either physical delivery or cash settlement, will be treated the same as other options settling with physical delivery.

 

In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon, the Fund must deposit initial margin and possible daily variation margin in addition to segregating cash or liquid assets sufficient to meet its obligation to purchase or provide securities or currencies, or to pay the amount owed at the expiration of an index-based futures contract.  Such liquid assets may consist of cash, cash equivalents, liquid debt or equity securities or other acceptable assets.

 

With respect to swaps, the Fund will accrue the net amount of the excess, if any, of its obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap on a daily basis and will segregate an amount of cash or liquid assets having a value equal to the accrued excess.  Caps, floors and collars require segregation of assets with a value equal to the Fund’s net obligation, if any.

 

Strategic Transactions may be covered by other means when consistent with applicable regulatory policies.  The Fund may also enter into offsetting transactions so that its combined position, coupled with any segregated assets, equals its net outstanding obligation in related options and Strategic Transactions.  For example, the Fund could purchase a put option if the strike price of that option is the same or higher than the strike price of a put option sold by the Fund.  Moreover, instead of segregating cash or liquid assets if the Fund held a futures or forward contract, it could purchase a put option on the same futures or forward contract with a strike price as high or higher than the price of the contract held.  Other Strategic Transactions may also be offset in combinations.  If the offsetting transaction terminates at the time of or after the primary transaction, no segregation is required, but if it terminates prior to such time, cash or liquid assets equal to any remaining obligation would need to be segregated.

 

Combined Transactions.  The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple options transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transactions (including forward currency contracts) and multiple interest rate transactions and any combination of futures, options, currency and interest rate transactions (“component” transactions), instead of a single Strategic Transaction, as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the opinion of the Adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so.  A combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present in each of its component transactions.  Although combined transactions are normally entered into based on the Adviser’s judgment that the combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio management objective.

 

Structured Securities.  A structured investment is a security whose value or performance is linked to an underlying index or other security or asset class. Structured investments

 

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involve the transfer of specified financial assets to a special purpose entity, generally a corporation or trust, or the deposit of financial assets with a custodian; and the issuance of securities or depository receipts backed by, or representing interests in those assets.

 

Some structured investments are individually negotiated agreements or are traded over-the-counter. Structured investments may be organized and operated to restructure the investment characteristics of the underlying security. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments. Investments in structured securities generally involve a class of structured securities that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured securities typically have higher yields and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured securities. Structured securities are also subject to such risks as the inability or unwillingness of the issuers of the underlying securities to repay principal and interest, and requests by the issuers of the underlying securities to reschedule or restructure outstanding debt and to extend additional loan amounts.

 

Swaps, Caps, Floors and CollarsAmong the Strategic Transactions into which the Fund may enter are interest rate, credit default, currency, index and other swaps and the purchase or sale of related caps, floors and collars.  The Fund expects to enter into these transactions primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date.  The Fund will not sell interest rate caps or floors where it does not own securities or other instruments providing the income stream the Fund may be obligated to pay.  Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal.  A currency swap is an agreement to exchange cash flows on a notional amount of two or more currencies based on the relative value differential among them and an index swap is an agreement to swap cash flows on a notional amount based on changes in the values of the reference indices.  The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling such cap to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate or amount.  The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling such floor to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate or amount.  A collar is a combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of interest rates or values.

 

The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two payment streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments.  Inasmuch as the Fund will segregate assets (or enter into offsetting positions) to cover its obligations under swaps, the Adviser and the Fund believe such obligations do not constitute senior securities under the 1940 Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to its borrowing restrictions.  The Fund will not enter into any swap, cap, floor or collar transaction unless, at the time of entering into such transaction, the Counterparty meets the Adviser’s current creditworthiness standards.  If there is a default by the Counterparty, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction.  The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large

 

32



 

number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation.  As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid.  Caps, floors and collars are more recent innovations for which standardized documentation has not yet been fully developed and, accordingly, they are less liquid than swaps.

 

When-Issued Securities and Delayed-DeliveryThe Fund may from time to time purchase equity and debt securities on a “when-issued,” “delayed delivery” or “forward delivery” basis.  The price of such securities, which may be expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase is made, but delivery and payment for the securities takes place at a later date.  During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the Fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the Fund.  When the Fund purchases such securities, it immediately assumes the risks of ownership, including the risk of price fluctuation.  Failure to deliver a security purchased on this basis may result in a loss or missed opportunity to make an alternative investment.

 

To the extent that assets of the Fund are held in cash pending the settlement of a purchase of securities, the Fund would earn no income.  While such securities may be sold prior to the settlement date, the Fund intends to purchase them with the purpose of actually acquiring them unless a sale appears desirable for investment reasons.  At the time the Fund makes the commitment to purchase a security on this basis, it will record the transaction and reflect the value of the security in determining its net asset value.  The market value of the securities may be more or less than the purchase price.  The Fund will establish a segregated account in which it will maintain cash and liquid assets equal in value to commitments for such securities.

 

When the Fund agrees to purchase when-issued or delayed-delivery securities, to the extent required by the SEC, its custodian will set aside permissible liquid assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a segregated account.  Normally, the custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase commitment, and in such a case the Fund may be required subsequently to place additional assets in the segregated account in order to ensure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund’s commitment.  It may be expected that the Fund’s net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.  In addition, because the Fund will set aside cash or liquid assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described above, the Fund’s liquidity and the ability of the Adviser or Subadviser to manage it might be affected in the event its commitments to purchase “when-issued” securities ever exceed 25% of the value of its total assets.  Under normal market conditions, however, the Fund’s commitment to purchase “when-issued” or “delayed-delivery” securities will not exceed 25% of the value of its total assets.  When the Fund engages in when-issued or delayed-delivery transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade.  Failure of the seller to do so may result in the Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price considered to be advantageous.

 

Stripped Zero Coupon Securities/Custodial Receipts.   The Fund may invest in stripped zero coupon securities or custodial receipts.  Zero coupon securities include securities issued directly by the U.S. Treasury, and U.S. Treasury bonds or notes and their unmatured interest coupons and receipts for their underlying principal (“coupons”) which have been separated by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm.  A holder will separate the interest coupons from the underlying principal (the “corpus”) of the U.S. Treasury security.  A number of securities firms and banks have stripped the interest coupons and receipts and then resold them in custodial receipt programs with a number of different names, including “Treasury Income Growth

 

33



 

Receipts” (TIGRS™) and Certificate of Accrual on Treasuries (CATS™).  The underlying U.S. Treasury bonds and notes themselves are held in book-entry form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities which are owned ostensibly by the bearer or holder thereof), in trust on behalf of the owners thereof.  The U.S. Treasury has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and corpus payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record keeping system.  The Federal Reserve program as established by the Treasury Department is known as “STRIPS” or “Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities.” Under the STRIPS program, the Fund will be able to have its beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.

 

When U.S. Treasury obligations have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons by the holder, the principal or corpus is sold at a deep discount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security and does not receive any rights to periodic interest (i.e., cash) payments.  Once stripped or separated, the corpus and coupons may be sold separately.  Typically, the coupons are sold separately or grouped with other coupons with like maturity dates and sold bundled in such form.  Purchasers of stripped obligations acquire, in effect, discount obligations that are economically identical to the zero coupon securities that the Treasury sells itself.

 

Supranational EntitiesSupranational entities are international organizations designated or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development and international banking institutions and related government agencies.  Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the European Coal and Steel Community, The Asian Development Bank and the InterAmerican Development Bank. Obligations of supranational entities are backed by the guarantee of one or more foreign governmental parties which sponsor the entity.

 

U.S. Government SecuritiesThere are two broad categories of U.S. Government-related debt instruments: (a) direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury, and (b) securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies.

 

Examples of direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury are Treasury Bills, Notes, Bonds and other debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury.  These instruments are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the United States.  They differ primarily in interest rates, the length of maturities and the dates of issuance.  Treasury bills have original maturities of one year or less.  Treasury notes have original maturities of one to ten years and Treasury bonds generally have original maturities of greater than ten years.

 

Some agency securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (such as Maritime Administration Title XI Ship Financing Bonds and Agency for International Development Housing Guarantee Program Bonds) and others are backed only by the rights of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury (such as Federal Home Loan Bank Bonds and Federal National Mortgage Association Bonds), while still others, such as the securities of the Federal Farm Credit Bank, are supported only by the credit of the issuer.  With respect to securities supported only by the credit of the issuing agency or by an additional line of credit with the U.S. Treasury, there is no guarantee that the U.S. Government will provide support to such agencies and such securities

 

34



 

may involve risk of loss of principal and interest.  U.S. Government Securities may include “zero coupon” securities that have been stripped by the U.S. Government of their unmatured interest coupons and collateralized obligations issued or guaranteed by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.

 

Interest rates on U.S. Government obligations may be fixed or variable.  Interest rates on variable rate obligations are adjusted at regular intervals, at least annually, according to a formula reflecting then current specified standard rates, such as 91-day U.S. Treasury bill rates.  These adjustments generally tend to reduce fluctuations in the market value of the securities.

 

The government guarantee of the U.S. Government Securities in the Fund’s portfolio does not guarantee the net asset value of the shares of the Fund.  There are market risks inherent in all investments in securities and the value of an investment in the Fund will fluctuate over time.  Normally, the value of investments in U.S. Government Securities varies inversely with changes in interest rates.  For example, as interest rates rise the value of investments in U.S. Government Securities will tend to decline, and as interest rates fall the value of the Fund’s investments will tend to increase.  In addition, the potential for appreciation in the event of a decline in interest rates may be limited or negated by increased principal prepayments with respect to certain mortgage-backed securities, such as GNMA Certificates.  Prepayments of high interest rate mortgage-backed securities during times of declining interest rates will tend to lower the return of the Fund and may even result in losses to the Fund if some securities were acquired at a premium.  Moreover, during periods of rising interest rates, prepayments of mortgage-backed securities may decline, resulting in the extension of the Fund’s average portfolio maturity.  As a result, the Fund’s portfolio may experience greater volatility during periods of rising interest rates than under normal market conditions.

 

TIPS Bonds.  TIPS are fixed-income securities issued by the U.S. Treasury whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation.  The U.S. Treasury uses a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond.  Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, ten or thirty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future.  TIPS bonds typically pay interest on a semi-annual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted amount.  For example, if the Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%).  If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole year’s inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

 

If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced.  Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation.  However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate.

 

The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates.  Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation.  Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest

 

35



 

rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds.  In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.

 

While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value.  If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

 

The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.  The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy.  There can be no assurance that the CPI-U will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services.

 

Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.

 

WarrantsThe Fund may invest in warrants.  The holder of a warrant has the right, until the warrant expires, to purchase a given number of shares of a particular issuer at a specified price.  Such investments can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an equivalent investment in the underlying security.  Prices of warrants do not necessarily move, however, in tandem with the prices of the underlying securities and are, therefore, considered speculative investments.  Warrants pay no dividends and confer no rights other than a purchase option.  Thus, if a warrant held by the Fund were not exercised by the date of its expiration, the Fund would lose the entire purchase price of the warrant.

 

Certificates of Deposit and Bankers’ AcceptancesCertificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds.  The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate.  The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers’ acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions.  Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise.  The draft is then “accepted” by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date.  The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity.  Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.

 

The Fund may also invest in certificates of deposit issued by banks and savings and loan institutions which had, at the time of their most recent annual financial statements, total assets of less than $1 billion, provided that (i) the principal amounts of such certificates of deposit are insured by an agency of the U.S. Government, (ii) at no time will the Fund hold more than $100,000 principal amount of certificates of deposit of any one such bank, and (iii) at the time of acquisition, no more than 10% of the Fund’s assets (taken at current value) are invested in certificates of deposit of such banks having total assets not in excess of $1 billion.

 

36



 

Bankers’ acceptances are credit instruments evidencing the obligations of a bank to pay a draft drawn on it by a customer.  These instruments reflect the obligation both of the bank and of the drawer to pay the face amount of the instrument upon maturity.

 

Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate.  Time deposits which may be held by the Fund will not benefit from insurance from the Bank Insurance Fund or the Savings Association Insurance Fund administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.  Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary with market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation.  Fixed time deposits subject to withdrawal penalties maturing in more than seven calendar days are subject to the Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Temporary InvestmentsGenerally the Fund will be fully invested in accordance with its investment objective and strategies.  However, pending investment of cash balances or for other cash management purposes, or if the Adviser (or Subadviser) believes that business, economic, political or financial conditions warrant, the Fund may invest, without limit, in cash or cash equivalents, including: (1) foreign money market instruments (such as bankers’ acceptances, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, short-term government and corporate obligations, and repurchase agreements); (2) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government its agencies and instrumentalities; (3) certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, and interest-bearing savings deposits of commercial banks; (4) prime quality commercial paper; (5) repurchase agreements covering any of the securities in which the Fund may invest directly; (6) money market instruments (as defined below); (7) high quality debt securities without equity features; and (8) subject to the limits of the 1940 Act, shares of other investment companies that invest in securities in which the Fund may invest.  Should this occur, the Fund will not be pursuing and may not achieve its investment objective or may miss potential market upswings.

 

Impact of Large Redemptions and Purchases of Fund Shares

 

From time to time, shareholders of the Fund (which may include affiliated and/or non-affiliated registered investment companies that invest in the Fund) may make relatively large redemptions or purchases of Fund shares.  These transactions may cause the Fund to have to sell securities or invest additional cash, as the case may be.  While it is impossible to predict the overall impact of these transactions over time, there could be adverse effects on the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund may be required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it would not otherwise do so.  These transactions could also accelerate the realization of taxable income if sales of securities resulted in capital gains or other income and could also increase transaction costs, which may impact the Fund’s expense ratio.  In addition, large redemption requests may exceed the cash balance of the Fund and result in overdraft charges to the Fund until the sale of portfolio securities to cover the redemption request settle, which is typically a few days.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the year by the monthly average value of the portfolio securities, excluding securities whose maturities at the time of purchase were one year or less.

 

37



 

Portfolio turnover may involve the payment by the Fund of brokerage and other transaction costs, on the sale of securities, as well as on the investment of the proceeds in other securities.  The Fund is actively managed.  As such, the Fund may have high portfolio turnover and the portfolio turnover rate [is anticipated to] [may] exceed 100% per year.  The greater the portfolio turnover, the greater the transaction costs to the Fund, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s total rate of return.  In addition, funds with high portfolio turnover rates may be more likely than low-turnover funds to generate capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as taxable income.

 

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

The following are fundamental investment restrictions of the Fund which cannot be changed without the vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund for which a change is proposed.  The vote of the majority of the outstanding shares means the vote of (A) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy or (B) a majority of the outstanding voting securities, whichever is less.

 

The Fund:

 

·                  May not borrow money or issue senior securities, except that the Fund may sell securities short, enter into reverse repurchase agreements and may otherwise borrow money and issue senior securities as and to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rule, order or interpretation thereunder.

·                  May not act as an underwriter of another issuer’s securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

·                  May not purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts, except to the extent disclosed in the current Prospectus or SAI of the Fund.

·                  May not purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, 25% or more (taken at current value) of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers, the principal activities of which are in the same industry.  This limitation does not apply to securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies.  The following industries are considered separate industries for purposes of this investment restriction: electric, natural gas distribution, natural gas pipeline, combined electric and natural gas, and telephone utilities, captive borrowing conduit, equipment finance, premium finance, leasing finance, consumer finance and other finance.

·                  May not lend any security or make any other loan, except that the Fund may in accordance with its investment objective and policies (i) lend portfolio securities, (ii) purchase and hold debt securities or other debt instruments, including but not limited to loan participations and subparticipations, assignments, and structured securities, (iii) make loans secured by mortgages on real property, (iv) enter into repurchase agreements, and (v) make time deposits with financial institutions and invest in instruments issued by financial institutions, and enter into any other lending arrangement as and to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rule, order or interpretation thereunder.

 

38



 

·                  May not purchase or sell real estate, except that the Fund may (i) acquire real estate through ownership of securities or instruments and sell any real estate acquired thereby, (ii) purchase or sell instruments secured by real estate (including interests therein), and (iii) purchase or sell securities issued by entities or investment vehicles that own or deal in real estate (including interests therein).

 

For purposes of the fundamental policy restricting investments in an issuer if, as a result, 25% or more of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers, the principal activities of which are in the same industry, the Fund will, as a non-fundamental policy, consider commercial mortgage and residential mortgage to be a single industry (notwithstanding the statement defining separate industries contained in the policy). In addition, notwithstanding the statement defining separate industries contained in the policy, the Fund may elect to consider certain of such industries as part of the same industry to be consistent with a third party industry classification system (e.g., GICS or Barclays Live).

 

The Following are the Non-Fundamental Operating Policies of the Fund Which May Be Changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust Without Shareholder Approval:

 

As a matter of non-fundamental policy, the Fund will not:

 

·                  acquire securities of registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on Sections 12(d)(1)(F) or 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act.

 

If any percentage restriction or requirement described above is satisfied at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from a change in net asset value will not constitute a violation of such restriction or requirement.  However, should a change in net asset value or other external events cause the Fund’s investments in illiquid securities including repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, to exceed the limit set forth above for the Fund’s investment in illiquid securities, the Fund will act to cause the aggregate amount of such securities to come within such limit as soon as reasonably practicable.  In such event, however, the Fund would not be required to liquidate any portfolio securities where the Fund would suffer a loss on the sale of such securities.

 

The investment objective of the Fund is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.

 

Internal Revenue Code Restrictions

 

In addition to the investment restrictions above, the Fund must be diversified according to Code requirements.  Specifically, at each tax quarter end, the Fund’s holdings must be diversified so that (a) at least 50% of the market value of its total assets is represented by cash, cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other U.S. regulated investment companies, and other securities, limited so that no one issuer has a value greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and that the Fund holds no more than 10% of the outstanding

 

39



 

voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets is invested in the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other U.S. regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers of which the Fund holds 20% or more of the voting stock and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted a policy on selective disclosure of portfolio holdings in accordance with regulations that seek to ensure that disclosure of information about portfolio securities is in the best interest of Fund shareholders and to address the conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and its service providers.  The policy provides that divulging non-public portfolio holdings information to selected parties is permissible only when the Fund has legitimate business purposes for doing so and the recipients are subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the non-public information.  In addition, the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities is permitted only where it is consistent with the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the Trust’s or the Adviser’s or Subadviser’s fiduciary duties.  The Trust, the Adviser, Subadviser or any agent, or any employee thereof (a “Fund Representative”) may not disclose the Fund’s portfolio holdings information to any person other than in accordance with the policy.  For purposes of the policy, “portfolio holdings information” means the Fund’s actual portfolio holdings, as well as non-public information about its trading strategies or pending transactions.  Neither the Fund nor a Fund Representative may solicit or accept any compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information.  A Fund Representative may provide portfolio holdings information to third parties if such information has been included in the Fund’s public filings with the SEC or is disclosed on the Fund’s publicly accessible website.  The parties receiving such information may include ratings agencies, individual or institutional investors, or intermediaries that sell shares of the Fund.

 

The Fund posts onto the Trust’s internet site its securities holdings and its top ten portfolio holdings as of the end of each month.  Such portfolio holdings are available no earlier than 7 business days after the end of the previous month.  The Fund also discloses its complete portfolio holdings information to the SEC using Form N-Q within 60 days of the end of the first and third quarter ends of the Fund’s fiscal year and on Form N-CSR on the second and fourth quarter ends of the Fund’s fiscal year.  Form N-Q is not required to be mailed to shareholders, but is made public through the SEC’s electronic filings.  Shareholders receive either complete portfolio holdings information or summaries of Fund portfolio holdings with their annual and semi-annual reports.

 

If a Fund Representative seeks to disclose portfolio holdings information that is not publicly available to specific recipients pursuant to circumstances not specifically addressed by the policy, the Fund Representative must obtain approval from the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer prior to such disclosure.  Exceptions to the portfolio holdings release policy described above can only be authorized by the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer and will be made only when:

 

·                           The Fund has a legitimate business purpose and it is in the best interest of the fund to release portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public; and

 

40



 

·                           The recipient of the information provides written assurances that the non-public portfolio holdings information will remain confidential and that persons with access to the information will be prohibited from trading based on the information.

 

In connection with providing services to the Fund, the Fund’s service providers may receive portfolio holdings information in advance of general release.  The service providers that may receive portfolio holdings information include the Adviser and administrator (Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.); Subadviser (Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited); independent registered public accounting firm ([    ]); custodian, fund accountant, sub-administrator (State Street Bank and Trust Company); transfer agent (BFDS); legal counsel (Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP); legal counsel to the Trustees who are not “interest persons” as that term is defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”) (Sullivan & Worcester LLP); financial printer (Merrill and Donnelly) and proxy voting service (if applicable). The service providers are subject to express or implied duties to keep all portfolio holdings information that is not publicly available confidential and not to trade on such information. In addition, non-public portfolio holdings information may be provided to mutual fund rating or ranking services or portfolio analytics services prior to such information becoming publicly available so long as (i) such disclosure is subject to confidentiality agreement and trading restrictions or (ii) the entity to which portfolio holdings information will be provided (a) has adopted policies and/or procedures that seek to ensure that such information will remain confidential and restrict the entity and its employees from trading on the information and (b) prior to disclosure, the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer receives in writing a copy of such policies and/or procedures and determines they are acceptable.

 

The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policy and provides annually a report to the Board of Trustees regarding the operation of the policy, exceptions and waivers granted under the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review.  Additionally, the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer will provide quarterly reports to the Board of Trustees listing persons or entities with whom the Trust or the Adviser has entered into Confidentiality Agreements with respect to Trust business during the quarter.  The policy also provides that in the event of a violation of the policy, the Board will receive a report at its next quarterly meeting about any disclosures that were made concerning the Trust’s portfolio holdings which will describe to whom and under what circumstances such disclosure was made.

 

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BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

 

TRUSTEES WHO ARE NOT INTERESTED PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN THE 1940 ACT) OF THE TRUST

 

NAME, ADDRESS, AND
YEAR OF BIRTH

 

POSITION(S)
HELD, LENGTH
OF TIME
SERVED AND
TERM OF
OFFICE*

 

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
DURING PAST 5 YEARS

 

NUMBER OF
PORTFOLIOS IN
FUND
COMPLEX
OVERSEEN BY
TRUSTEE**

 

OTHER
DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD BY TRUSTEE
DURING PAST 5
YEARS***

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

P. Gerald Malone****
Year of Birth: 1950

 

Trustee since December 2007

Chairman of the Board

 

Mr. Malone has been a solicitor for more than five years. He has served as a Minister of State in the United Kingdom Government. Mr. Malone currently serves as Independent Chairman of one London AIM-listed company (healthcare software) in addition to a privately owned pharmaceutical company.  He is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc. and Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.  He also previously served as a director of Regent-GM Ltd. (pharmaceutical manufacturing).

 

31

 

None.

Richard H. McCoy****
Year of Birth: 1942

 

Trustee since December 2007

 

Prior to retiring in 2003, Mr. McCoy was Vice-Chairman, Investment Banking, at TD Securities Inc. Prior to joining TD Securities Inc. in May 1997, he was Deputy Chairman of CIBC Wood Gundy Securities. Mr. McCoy has also been Chairman of the Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Investment Company Limited since 2010.

 

28

 

None.

Neville J. Miles****
Year of Birth: 1946

 

Trustee since December 2011

 

Mr. Miles is, and has been for a period in excess of ten years, Chairman of Ballyshaw Pty. Ltd. (share trading, real estate development and investment). He is Chairman of the Board of Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. He also is a non-executive director of a number of Australian companies.

 

30

 

None.

Peter D. Sacks****
Year of Birth: 1945

 

Trustee since December 2007

 

Mr. Sacks has been Managing Partner of Toron Capital

 

30

 

None.

 

42



 

 

 

 

 

Markets, Inc. (investment management) since 1988.

 

 

 

 

John T. Sheehy****
Year of Birth: 1942

 

Trustee since December 2007

 

Mr. Sheehy has been a Senior Managing Director of B.V. Murray and Company (investment banking) since 2001 and Director of  Macquarie AIR-serv Holding, Inc. (automotive services) since 2006. He was a Managing Member of Pristina Capital Partners, LLC (water purification technology development) from 2007 to 2011, a Director of Smarte Carte, Inc. (airport services) from 2007 to 2010, and Managing Member of The Value Group LLC (venture capital) from 1997 to 2009.

 

31

 

None.

Warren C. Smith****
Year of Birth: 1955

 

Trustee since December 2007

 

Mr. Smith has been a founding partner of MRB Partners Inc. (independent investment research and consultancy firm) since 2010.  Mr. Smith was a Managing Editor with The Bank Credit Analyst Research Group (independent publishers of financial market research and publications, including The Bank Credit Analyst) from 1982 to 2009. 

 

28

 

None.

John F. Solan, Jr.****
Year of Birth: 1939

 

Trustee since December 2007

 

Retired.  Mr. Solan was Senior Vice President of Strategic Development at The Phoenix Companies, Inc. (“Phoenix”) and Chairman of Phoenix Charter Oak Trust Company from 1998 until 2004.

 

27

 

None.

 

43



 

TRUSTEES WHO ARE INTERESTED PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN THE 1940 ACT) OF THE TRUST

 

NAME, ADDRESS, AND
YEAR OF BIRTH

 

POSITION(S)
HELD, LENGTH
OF TIME
SERVED AND
TERM OF
OFFICE*

 

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
DURING PAST 5 YEARS

 

NUMBER OF
PORTFOLIOS IN
FUND COMPLEX
OVERSEEN BY
TRUSTEE**

 

OTHER
DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD BY TRUSTEE
DURING PAST 5
YEARS***

Martin Gilbert****†

Year of Birth: 1955

 

Trustee since December 2007

 

Mr. Gilbert is one of the founding directors, and has been the Chief Executive and an Executive Director, of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC, the parent company of the Investment Adviser and affiliated Investment Sub-advisers, since 1983.    He has been Vice President (March 2008 — present), President (2004 — 2008), Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. and Aberdeen Global Fixed Income Fund, Inc.; Director (1991 — present), Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited; and Director (2000 — present), Aberdeen Asset Management Limited.  He has been a Director since 1995, and has been President since September 2006 of Aberdeen Asset Management Inc., the Funds’ Administrator; Mr. Gilbert also serves as officer and/or director of various subsidiaries of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC.

 

32

 

None.

 


*

Each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until his successor is elected and qualified.

**

The Aberdeen Fund Complex consists of the Trust which currently consists of 27 portfolios, Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Chile Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Israel Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Indonesia Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Latin America Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Emerging Markets Telecommunications and Infrastructure Fund, Inc., The Singapore Fund, Inc., The Asia Tigers Fund, Inc. and The India Fund, Inc.

***

Directorships held in (1) any other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, (2) any company with a class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or (3) any company subject to the requirements of Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

****

Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee c/o Aberdeen Asset Management Inc., 1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103, Attn: Alan Goodson.

Mr. Gilbert is considered to be an “interested person” of the Trust as defined in the 1940 Act because of his affiliation with the Adviser.

 

44



 

OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

 

NAME, ADDRESS,
AND YEAR OF BIRTH

 

POSITION(S)
HELD, LENGTH OF
TIME SERVED
AND TERM OF
OFFICE*

 

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST 5 YEARS

Gary Marshall

 

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1961

 

President and Chief Executive Officer
(Since March 2009)

 

Head of Americas since January 2010, which role includes responsibility for overseeing registered and unregistered investment companies in the US and Canada. Mr. Marshall is the Chief Executive of Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. and joined Aberdeen via the acquisition of Prolific Financial Management in 1997.

Jeffrey Cotton**

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1977

 

Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer (Since March 2011)

 

Currently, Vice President and Head of Compliance — US for Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. Mr. Cotton joined Aberdeen in 2010. Prior to joining Aberdeen, Mr. Cotton was a Senior Compliance Officer at Old Mutual Asset Management (2009-2010) supporting its affiliated investment advisers and mutual fund platform. Mr. Cotton was also a Vice President and Senior Compliance Manager at Bank of America/Columbia Management (2006-2009), Vice President, Compliance at Davenport & Company LLC (2003-2006) and an Examiner with the NASD (2000-2003).

Andrea Melia**

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1969

 

Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer
(Since September 2009)

 

Currently, Head of Fund Accounting for Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. Ms. Melia joined Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. in September 2009. Prior to joining Aberdeen, Ms. Melia was Director of fund administration and accounting oversight for Princeton Administrators LLC, a division of BlackRock Inc. and had worked with Princeton Administrators since 1992.

Megan Kennedy**

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1974

 

Secretary and Vice President (Since September 2009)

 

Currently, Head of Product Management for Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.  Ms. Kennedy joined Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. in 2005 as a Senior Fund Administrator.   Ms. Kennedy was promoted to Assistant Treasurer Collective Funds/North American Mutual Funds in February 2008 and promoted to Treasurer Collective Funds/North American Mutual Funds in July 2008.

Lucia Sitar**

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1971

 

Vice President
(Since December 2008)

 

Currently, U.S. Counsel for Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. Ms. Sitar joined Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. in July 2007. Prior to that, Ms. Sitar was an associate attorney in the Investment Management Group of Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young LLP (law firm) (2000 - 2007).

Alan Goodson**

 

Aberdeen Asset

 

Vice President
(Since March 2009)

 

Currently, Head of Product US, overseeing both Product Management and Product Development for Aberdeen’s registered and unregistered investment companies in the US and Canada. Mr

 

45



 

OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

 

NAME, ADDRESS,
AND YEAR OF BIRTH

 

POSITION(S)
HELD, LENGTH OF
TIME SERVED
AND TERM OF
OFFICE*

 

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST 5 YEARS

Management Inc.

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1974

 

 

 

Goodson is Vice President of Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. and joined Aberdeen in 2000.

Paul Griffiths**

 

Aberdeen Asset Management

Bow Bells House

1 Bread Street

London EC4M 9HH

 

Year of Birth: 1967

 

Vice President

(Since September 2010)

 

Currently, Global Head of Fixed Income for Aberdeen Asset Management PLC following the acquisition of the Credit Suisse Asset Management business in July 2009. Mr. Griffiths was Chief Investment Officer and Head of Fixed Income at Credit Suisse Asset Management since March 2007. Prior to that, Mr. Griffiths was Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer (UK) and Global Head of Fixed Income at AXA Investment Managers from January 2003 to March 2007.

Adam McCabe

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited

21 Church Street

#01-01 Capital Square Two

Singapore 049480

 

Year of Birth: 1979

 

Vice President

(Since March 2010)

 

Currently, senior portfolio manager on the fixed income - Asia Pacific desk, responsible for currency and interest rate strategies in Aberdeen’s Asian fixed income portfolios. Adam joined Aberdeen in 2009 following the acquisition of certain asset management businesses from Credit Suisse. Adam worked for Credit Suisse since 2001, where he was an investment manager responsible for the development and implementation of its Asian currency and interest rate strategies.

Jennifer Nichols**

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1978

 

Vice President

(Since December 2007)

 

Currently, Director, Vice President and Head of Legal — Americas for Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. Ms. Nichols joined Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. in October 2006.

Hugh Young**

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited

21 Church Street

#01-01 Capital Square Two

Singapore 049480

 

Year of Birth: 1959

 

Vice President

(Since June 2011)

 

Currently, a member of the Executive Management Committee of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC (since 1991). He has been Managing Director of Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited (“AAMAL”), since 1991.

Megan Mooney

 

Aberdeen Asset

 

Assistant Treasurer

(Since June 2011)

 

Currently, Fund Accounting Manager for Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. Ms. Mooney joined Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. in 2009. Prior to joining Aberdeen Asset Management Inc., Ms. 

 

46



 

OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

 

NAME, ADDRESS,
AND YEAR OF BIRTH

 

POSITION(S)
HELD, LENGTH OF
TIME SERVED
AND TERM OF
OFFICE*

 

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST 5 YEARS

Management Inc.

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1982

 

 

 

Mooney was an Investment Accountant Specialist at Nationwide Funds Group.

Brian O’Neill

 

Aberdeen Asset

Management Inc.

1735 Market Street

32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Year of Birth: 1968

 

Assistant Treasurer

(Since September 2008)

 

Currently, Fund Accounting Manager for Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. Mr. O’Neill joined Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. in 2008 as Assistant Treasurer. Prior to joining Aberdeen Asset Management Inc., Mr. O’Neill was a Director of Fund Accounting with Nationwide Funds Group (2002-2008).

 


*

Each officer holds office for an indefinite term at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees and until his or her successor is elected and qualified.

**

Ms. Melia, Ms. Kennedy, Mr. Goodson, Ms. Nichols, Mr. Cotton, Mr. Griffiths, Mr. Young and Ms. Sitar hold officer position(s) in one or more of the following: Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Chile Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Israel Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Indonesia Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Latin America Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Emerging Markets Telecommunications and Infrastructure Fund, Inc., The Singapore Fund, Inc., The Asia Tigers Fund, Inc., The India Fund, Inc. and the Aberdeen Funds each of which may also be deemed to be a part of the same “Fund Complex” as the Fund.

 

Responsibilities of the Board of Trustees

 

The business and affairs of the Trust are managed under the direction of its Board of Trustees subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.  The Board of Trustees sets and reviews policies regarding the operation of the Trust, and directs the officers to perform the daily functions of the Trust.

 

Additional Information about the Board of Trustees

 

The Board believes that each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that the Trustee possesses the requisite experience, qualifications, attributes and skills to serve on the Board.  The Board believes that the Trustees’ ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them; to interact effectively with the Adviser, Subadviser, other service providers, counsel and independent auditors; and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties, support this conclusion.  The Board has also considered the contributions that each Trustee can make to the Board and the Fund.  A Trustee’s ability to perform his duties effectively may have been attained through the Trustee’s executive, business, consulting,

 

47



 

and/or legal positions; experience from service as a Trustee of the Trust and other funds/portfolios in the Aberdeen fund complex, other investment funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; educational background or professional training or practice; and/or other life experiences.  In this regard, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply as to each Trustee in addition to the information set forth in the table above: Mr. Gilbert, investment management experience as Chief Executive Officer and director roles within the Aberdeen complex, board experience with other public companies and investment trusts;  Mr. Malone, legal background and public service leadership experience, board experience with other public and private companies, and executive and business consulting experience; Mr. McCoy, executive experience at investment banking and securities firms, as well as board experience with other public and private companies; Mr. Miles, financial services, investment management and executive experience and board experience with various Australian public and private companies; Mr. Sacks, accounting background (chartered accountant in Canada and South Africa), treasury experience in banking organizations, investment management and executive experience; Mr. Sheehy, executive experience at venture capital and investment banking firms, as well as board experience at several public and private companies; Mr. Smith, experience as managing editor and director of a financial publications firm; and Mr. Solan, accounting background and executive and board experience at a financial services company.

 

The Board believes that the significance of each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills is an individual matter (meaning that experience important for one Trustee may not have the same value for another) and that these factors are best evaluated at the Board level, with no single Trustee, or particular factor, being indicative of Board effectiveness.  In its periodic self-assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the Trust. References to the qualifications, attributes and skills of Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, do not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.

 

Board and Committee Structure

 

The Board of Trustees is composed of seven Independent Trustees and one Interested Trustee, Martin J. Gilbert.  The Board has appointed Mr. Malone, an Independent Trustee, as Chairman. The Chairman presides at meetings of the Trustees, participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board, and acts as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and the Trust’s management between Board meetings. Except for any duties specified herein, the designation of the Chairman does not impose on such Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board, generally.

 

The Board holds regular quarterly meetings each year to consider and address matters involving the Trust and its Funds.  The Board also may hold special meetings to address matters arising between regular meetings.  The Independent Trustees also meet outside the presence of

 

48



 

management in executive session at least quarterly and have engaged separate, independent legal counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has established a committee structure that includes an Audit Committee, Nominating and Fund Governance Committee, and Valuation Committee (each discussed in more detail below) to assist the Board in the oversight and direction of the business affairs of the funds of the Trust, including the Fund, and from time to time may establish informal ad hoc committees or working groups to review and address the practices of the funds with respect to specific matters.  The Committee system facilitates the timely and efficient consideration of matters by the Trustees, and facilitates effective oversight of compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and of the Fund’s activities and associated risks.  The standing Committees currently conduct an annual review of their charters, which includes a review of their responsibilities and operations.  The Nominating and Fund Governance Committee and the Board as a whole also conduct an annual evaluation of the performance of the Board, including consideration of the effectiveness of the Board’s committee structure.  Each Committee is comprised entirely of Independent Trustees.  The Board reviews its structure regularly and believes that its leadership structure, including having a super-majority of Independent Trustees, coupled with an Independent Trustee as Chairman, is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over the matters under its purview and it allocates areas of responsibility among the Committees and the full Board in a manner that enhances efficient and effective oversight.

 

The Audit Committee is comprised of Messrs. Sacks, Smith and Solan.  Mr. Solan serves as Chair of the Audit Committee as well as the Audit Committee Financial Expert.  The purposes of the Audit Committee are to: (a) annually select, retain or terminate the Trust’s independent auditor and, in connection therewith, to evaluate the terms of the engagement and the qualifications and independence of the independent auditor; (b) review in advance, and consider approval of, any and all proposals by management or the Adviser that the Trust, Adviser or their affiliated persons, employ the independent auditor to render permissible non-audit services to the Trust and to consider whether such services are consistent with the independent auditor’s independence; (c) meet annually with the Trust’s independent auditor as necessary to consider, among other things, (i) the Trust’s annual audited financial statements and semi-annual financial statements, (ii) any matters of concern relating to the Trust’s financial statements; (iii) the performance of the independent auditor; and (iv) the independent auditor’s comments regarding the Trust’s financial policies, procedures and internal accounting controls and management’s responses thereto; (d) review and discuss policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management; (e) review annually with management and the independent auditors their separate evaluations of the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s system of internal controls; (f) develop, establish and periodically review procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Trust from any source regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; (g) review and resolve any disagreements between management and the independent auditors regarding financial reporting; and (h)  investigate improprieties or suspected improprieties in Trust operations and other matters within the scope of its duties, as they are presented to the Committee or brought to the attention of the Committee.  The function of the Audit Committee is oversight; it is management’s responsibility to maintain appropriate systems for accounting and internal control, and the independent auditors’ responsibility to plan and carry out a proper audit.  The independent auditors are ultimately accountable to the Board and the Audit Committee, as representatives of the Trust’s shareholders.  Each of the members have a working knowledge of basic finance and

 

49



 

accounting matters and are not interested persons of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act.  The Audit Committee met 4 times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

The Nominating and Fund Governance Committee (“Nominating Committee”) is comprised of Messrs. Malone, McCoy and Sheehy.  Mr. Malone serves as Chair of the Nominating Committee.  The Nominating Committee has the following powers and responsibilities: (1) selection and nomination of all persons for election or appointment as Trustees of the Trust (provided that nominees for independent Trustee are recommended for selection and approval by all of the incumbent independent Trustees then serving on the Board); (2) periodic review of the composition of the Board to determine whether it may be appropriate to add individuals with different backgrounds or skills from those already on the Board; (3) implementing an annual evaluation of the performance of the Board and its committees; (4) periodic review of the compensation paid to the Board; and (5) periodic review of Board governance procedures (including the Board’s effectiveness, Trustee retirement, Trustee investment in the Fund, the role of the independent trustees and committees and the relationship between the Board and management). The Nominating Committee reports to the full Board with recommendations of any appropriate changes to the Board.

 

The Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders.  When considering whether to add additional or substitute Trustees to the Board of Trustees of the Trust, the Trustees take into account any proposals for candidates that are properly submitted to the Trust’s Secretary.  Shareholders wishing to present one or more candidates for Trustee for consideration may do so by submitting a signed written request to the Trust’s Secretary at attn: Secretary, Aberdeen Funds, 1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, which includes the following information: (i) name and address of shareholder and, if applicable, name of broker or record holder; (ii) number of shares owned; (iii) name of Fund(s) in which shares are owned; (iv) whether the proposed candidate(s) consent to being identified in any proxy statement utilized in connection with the election of Trustees; (v) the name and background information of the proposed candidates and (vi) a representation that the candidate or candidates are willing to provide additional information about themselves, including assurances as to their independence.  The Nominating Committee met 3 times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

The Valuation Committee is comprised of Messrs. Miles, Sheehy and Solan.  Mr. Sheehy serves as Chair of the Valuation Committee.  The purpose of the Valuation Committee is to oversee the implementation and operation of the Trust’s Valuation and Liquidity Procedures.  The Valuation Committee has the following powers and responsibilities, among others, to: (a) review periodically the actions taken by the Adviser’s pricing committee including its determination regarding the fair value of securities for which market quotations are not readily available, not readily determinable or unreliable and the methodology for fair valuing portfolio securities; (b) recommend pricing services to the Board and periodically review the performance of pricing services; and (c) review pricing errors and the Trust’s Net Asset Value Error Correction Policy and recommend corrective action if necessary and appropriate.  The Valuation Committee met 4 times during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011.

 

The Fund is subject to a number of risks, including, among others, investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks.  Risk oversight forms part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities.  The Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address these risks.

 

50



 

Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks.  Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of the Adviser, who carries out the Trust’s investment management and business affairs, and also by the Fund’s Subadviser, and other service providers in connection with the services they provide to the Fund. Each of the Adviser, Subadviser and other service providers have their own, independent interest in risk management, and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models.  As part of its regular oversight of the Trust, the Board, directly and/or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, the Adviser, Subadviser, and the Trust’s other service providers (including the Trust’s distributor and transfer agent), the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer, the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel to the Trust, and internal auditors, as appropriate, relating to the operations of the Trust.  The Board also requires the Adviser to report to the Board on other matters relating to risk management on a regular and as-needed basis.  The Board recognizes that it may not be possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Trust or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.  The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight.

 

Ownership of Shares of Aberdeen Funds

 

As of December 31, 2011, the Trustees held shares of the funds of the Trust, including the Fund, as indicated below. Prior to the date of this SAI, the Fund had not commenced operations, and did not have any shareholders. Therefore, the officers and Trustees did not hold shares of the Fund prior to the date of this SAI.

 

TRUSTEES WHO ARE NOT INTERESTED PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN THE 1940 ACT) OF THE TRUST

 

Name

 

Fund/Dollar Range of Fund Shares Owned

 

Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
Owned in Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by Trustee in
the Family of Investment
Companies*

 

P. Gerald Malone

 

$

0

 

$10,001-$50,000

 

Richard H. McCoy

 

$

0

 

$10,001-$50,000

 

Neville J. Miles

 

$

0

 

$10,001-$50,000

 

Peter D. Sacks

 

$

0

 

$10,001-$50,000

 

John T. Sheehy

 

$

0

 

$10,001-$50,000

 

Warren C. Smith

 

$

0

 

$10,001-$50,000

 

John F. Solan Jr.

 

$

0

 

$10,001-$50,000

 

 

51



 

TRUSTEES WHO ARE INTERESTED PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN THE 1940 ACT) OF THE TRUST

 

Name

 

Fund/Dollar Range of Fund Shares Owned

 

Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares
Owned in Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by Trustee in
the Family of Investment
Companies*

 

Martin Gilbert

 

$

0

 

$10,001-$50,000

 

 


* The Family of Investment Companies consists of the Trust, which contains 27 portfolios.

 

Compensation of Trustees

 

The Independent Trustees receive compensation from the Trust, which is made up of payments by each of the funds within the Trust including the Fund, for their service as Board members.  Each Independent Trustee receives a base annual retainer of $48,000 and a meeting fee of $3,000 for each meeting attended.  The Chairman of the Board receives an additional annual retainer of $16,000 and the Chairman of the Audit Committee receives an additional annual retainer of $8,750.    Prior to January 1, 2012, each Independent Trustee received a base annual retainer of $40,000 and a meeting fee of $2,750 for each meeting attended.  The Chairman of the Board received an additional annual retainer of $12,500 and the Chairman of the Audit Committee received an additional annual retainer of $7,750.

 

The Compensation Table below sets forth the total compensation that the Trust paid for the fiscal year October 31, 2011.

 

TRUSTEES WHO ARE NOT INTERESTED PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN THE 1940 ACT) OF THE TRUST

 

Name of Trustee

 

Estimated
Aggregate
Compensation from
the Trust

 

Pension Retirement
Benefits Accrued as
Part of Trust Expenses

 

Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement

 

Estimated Total
Compensation from the
Fund Complex*

 

P. Gerald Malone

 

$

66,250

 

None

 

None

 

$

197,500

 

Richard H. McCoy

 

$

53,750

 

None

 

None

 

$

53,750

 

Peter D. Sacks

 

$

53,750

 

None

 

None

 

$

162,500

 

John T. Sheehy

 

$

53,750

 

None

 

None

 

$

176,250

 

Warren C. Smith

 

$

53,750

 

None

 

None

 

$

53,750

 

Jack Solan

 

$

61,500

 

None

 

None

 

$

61,500

 

 

TRUSTEES WHO ARE INTERESTED PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN THE 1940 ACT) OF THE TRUST

 

Name of Trustee

 

Estimated
Aggregate
Compensation from
the Trust

 

Pension Retirement
Benefits Accrued as
Part of Trust Expenses

 

Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement

 

Estimated Total
Compensation from the
Fund Complex*

 

Martin Gilbert

 

$

0

 

None

 

None

 

$

0

 

 


* The Aberdeen Fund Complex consists of the Trust, which contains 27 portfolios, Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Chile Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Israel Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Indonesia Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Latin America Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Emerging Markets Telecommunications and Infrastructure Fund, Inc., The Singapore Fund, Inc., The Asia Tigers Fund, Inc. and The India Fund, Inc.

 

The Trust does not maintain any pension or retirement plans for the Officers or Trustees of the Trust.

 

52



 

Sales Loads

 

Class A shares may be sold at net asset value without payment of any sales charge to Trustees and retired Trustees of the Trust and to directors, officers and employees (including retired directors, officers and employees and immediate family members of Aberdeen and its affiliates).  The sales load waivers are due to the nature of the investors and the reduced sales effort and expenses that are needed to obtain such investment.  See Waiver of Class A Sales Charges for more information.

 

Code of Ethics

 

Federal law requires the Trust, the Adviser and Subadviser, and its principal underwriter to adopt codes of ethics which govern the personal securities transactions of their respective personnel.  Accordingly, each such entity has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to which their respective personnel may invest in securities for their personal accounts (including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust).  Copies of these Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC and are available to the public.

 

Proxy Voting Guidelines

 

Regulations under the federal securities laws require the Trust, the Adviser and Subadviser to adopt procedures for voting proxies (“Proxy Voting Guidelines”) and to provide a summary of those Proxy Voting Guidelines used to vote the securities held by the Fund.  The summary of such Proxy Voting Guidelines is attached as Appendix C to this SAI.  Information about how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12 month period ended June 30 is available after August 31 of the relevant year (1) without charge, upon request, by calling 866-667-9231 and (2) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES

 

Trust Expenses

 

The Trust pays the compensation of the Trustees who are not employees of the Adviser, or its affiliates, and all expenses (other than those assumed by the Adviser), including governmental fees, interest charges, taxes, membership dues in the Investment Company Institute allocable to the Trust; investment advisory fees and any Rule 12b-1 fees; fees under the Trust’s Fund Administration and Transfer Agency Agreements, which includes the expenses of calculating the Fund’s net asset values; fees and expenses of independent certified public accountants and legal counsel of the Trust and to the independent Trustees; expenses of preparing, printing, and mailing shareholder reports, notices, proxy statements, and reports to governmental offices and commissions; expenses connected with the execution, recording, and settlement of portfolio security transactions; short sale dividend expenses; insurance premiums; administrative services fees under an Administrative Services Plan; fees and expenses of the custodian for all services to the Trust; expenses of shareholder meetings; and expenses relating to the issuance, registration, and

 

53



 

qualification of shares of the Trust.  The Adviser may, from time to time, agree to voluntarily or contractually waive advisory fees, and if necessary reimburse expenses, in order to limit total operating expenses for the Fund and/or classes, as described below.

 

Investment Adviser

 

Under the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, Aberdeen manages the Fund in accordance with the policies and procedures established by the Trustees.

 

Except as described below, the Adviser manages the day-to-day investments of the assets of the Fund.  The Adviser also provides investment management evaluation services in initially selecting and monitoring on an ongoing basis the performance of the Subadviser who manages the investment portfolio of the Fund.  The Adviser is also authorized to select and place portfolio investments on behalf of the Fund; however, the Adviser does not intend to do so as a routine matter at this time.

 

The Fund is subadvised by Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited (“AAML”), an affiliate of the Adviser.  The Adviser and Subadviser are each wholly-owned subsidiaries of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC (“Aberdeen PLC”), which is the parent company of an asset management group managing approximately $295.0 billion in assets as of March 31, 2012 for a range of pension funds, financial institutions, investment trusts, unit trusts, offshore funds, charities and private clients, in addition to U.S. registered investment companies.

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.

 

Aberdeen pays the compensation of the officers of the Trust employed by Aberdeen.  Aberdeen also furnishes, at its own expense, all necessary administrative services, office space, equipment, and clerical personnel for servicing the investments of the Trust and maintaining its investment advisory facilities, and executive and supervisory personnel for managing the investments and effecting the portfolio transactions of the Trust.  In addition, Aberdeen pays, out of its legitimate profits, broker-dealers, trust companies, transfer agents and other financial institutions in exchange for their selling of shares of the Trust’s series or for recordkeeping or other shareholder related services.

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement also specifically provides that Aberdeen, including its directors, officers, and employees, shall not be liable for any error of judgment, or mistake of law, or for any loss arising out of any investment, or for any act or omission in the execution and management of the Trust, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Agreement.  The Agreement continues in effect for an initial period of one year and thereafter shall continue automatically for successive annual periods provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement or interested persons of any such party.  The Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its “assignment,” as defined under the 1940 Act.  It may be terminated as to the Fund without penalty by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of that Fund, or by either

 

54



 

party, on not less than 60 days’ written notice.  The Agreement further provides that Aberdeen may render similar services to others.

 

Aberdeen, located at 1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103, is wholly owned by Aberdeen PLC.  Martin Gilbert, Trustee of the Trust, is the Chief Executive Officer of Aberdeen PLC.

 

For services provided under the Investment Advisory Agreement, Aberdeen receives an annual fee paid monthly based on average daily net assets of the Fund according to the following schedule:

 

Fund

 

Asset

 

Investment
Advisory Fee

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

On assets up to $500 million

 

0.75

%

 

 

On assets of $500 million or more

 

0.70

%

 

Limitation of Fund Expenses

 

In the interest of limiting the expenses of the Fund, Aberdeen may from time to time waive some or all of its investment advisory fee or reimburse other fees for the Fund.  In this regard, Aberdeen has voluntarily agreed to limit its expenses through at least the Fund’s first year of operations and has also entered into a written expense limitation agreement with the Trust on behalf of the Fund (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”).  Pursuant to the Expense Limitation Agreement, Aberdeen has agreed to waive or limit its fees and to assume other expenses to the extent necessary, subject to certain exclusions, to limit the total annual operating expenses of each Class of the Fund to the limits described below.  This limit excludes certain Fund expenses, including any taxes, interest, brokerage fees, short sale dividend expenses, Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, 12b-1 fees, administrative services fees and extraordinary expenses for the Fund.  Please note that the waiver of such fees will cause the total return and yield of the Fund to be higher than they would otherwise be in the absence of such a waiver.

 

Aberdeen may request and receive reimbursement from the Fund of the advisory fees waived and other expenses reimbursed pursuant to the Expense Limitation Agreement at a later date when the Fund has reached a sufficient asset size to permit reimbursement to be made without causing the total annual operating expense ratio of the Fund to exceed the limits in the Expense Limitation Agreement. No reimbursement will be made to the Fund unless: (i) the total annual expense ratio of the Class making such reimbursement is less than the limit set forth below; (ii) the payment of such reimbursement is approved by the Board of Trustees on a quarterly basis; and (iii) the payment of such reimbursement is made no more than three years after the date when the Investment Adviser waived investment advisory fees or reimbursed other expenses to the Fund. If the Board approves any changes in the waiver terms or limitations, reimbursements are only permitted to the extent that the terms of the Expense Limitation Agreement that were in effect at the time of the waiver are met at the time that reimbursement is approved. Except as provided for in the Expense Limitation Agreement, reimbursement of amounts previously waived or assumed by Aberdeen is not permitted.

 

55



 

At least through the Fund’s first two years of operations, Aberdeen has agreed contractually to waive advisory fees and, if necessary, reimburse expenses in order to limit total annual fund operating expenses, excluding any taxes, interest, brokerage fees, short sale dividend expenses, Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, 12b-1 fees, administrative services fees and extraordinary expenses for the Fund as follows:

 

Name of Fund/Class

 

Expense Limitation

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

0.90

%

 

Investment Advisory Fees

 

Prior to the date of this SAI, the Fund had not commenced operations and, therefore, no investment advisory fees were incurred.

 

Subadviser

 

AAML, a Scottish company, serves as Subadviser to the Fund.  AAML is an affiliate of the Adviser.  AAML is located at Bow Bells House, 1 Bread Street London, England EC4M9HH.  AAML is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.

 

Subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Trustees, the Subadviser manages the assets of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies.  AAML makes investment decisions for the Fund and in connection with such investment decisions places purchase and sell orders for securities.  For the investment management services AAML provides to the Fund, AAML is entitled to the 90% of the advisory fee received after fee waivers and expense reimbursements, if any, by the Adviser.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the investment advisory contracts of the Fund will be available in future reports to the shareholders.

 

Multi-Manager Structure

 

On September 22, 2008, the Adviser and the Trust received an exemptive order from the SEC for a multi-manager structure which allows the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, to hire, replace or terminate unaffiliated subadvisers without the approval of shareholders. The order also allows the Adviser to revise a subadvisory agreement with an unaffiliated subadviser without shareholder approval.  If a new unaffiliated subadviser is hired, the change would be communicated to shareholders within 90 days of such change, and all changes would be approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust or the Adviser.  The multi-manager structure is intended to facilitate the efficient operation of the Fund and afford the Trust increased management flexibility.

 

The Adviser provides investment management evaluation services to the Fund principally by performing initial due diligence on prospective subadvisers for the Fund and

 

56



 

thereafter monitoring the performance of the subadviser through quantitative and qualitative analysis as well as periodic in-person, telephonic and written consultations with the subadviser.  The Adviser has responsibility for communicating performance expectations and evaluations to the subadviser and ultimately recommending to the Trust’s Board of Trustees whether the subadviser’s contract should be renewed, modified or terminated; however, the Adviser does not expect to recommend frequent changes of subadvisers.  The Adviser will regularly provide written reports to the Trust’s Board of Trustees regarding the results of its evaluation and monitoring functions.  Although the Adviser will monitor the performance of the subadvisers, there is no certainty that the subadviser or the Fund will obtain favorable results at any given time.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Appendix A contains the following information regarding the portfolio manager(s) identified in the Fund’s Prospectus: (i) a description of the portfolio manager’s compensation structure and (ii) information regarding other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and potential conflicts of interest that might arise from the management of multiple accounts.  Because the Fund is new, the portfolio managers do not own shares of the Fund.

 

Distributor

 

The Trust and Aberdeen Fund Distributors LLC (the “distributor” or “AFD”) have entered into to a distribution agreement whereby AFD will act as principal underwriter for the Trust’s shares.  The principal business address of AFD is 1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

 

Under the distribution agreement, the distributor must use reasonable efforts, consistent with its other business, in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Trust.  The distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares.  Unless otherwise terminated, the distribution agreement has an initial term of two years and thereafter will remain in effect from year to year for successive annual periods if approved at least annually by (i) the Trust’s Board of Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to the distribution agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to the distribution agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.  The distribution agreement may be terminated in the event of any assignment, as defined in the 1940 Act.

 

The distributor may enter into arrangements with various financial institutions through which a shareholder may purchase or redeem shares.  The distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial institutions for distribution of shares of the Fund.  If applicable to a class of the Trust’s Shares as described below, the distributor may receive distribution fees from the Fund as authorized by the Distribution and Service Plan described below.

 

The distributor also receives the proceeds of contingent deferred sales charges imposed on certain redemptions of Class C shares (and certain Class A shares).

 

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The distributor reallows to dealers 3.75% of sales charges on Class A shares of the Fund, which has a maximum front-end sales charge of 4.25% and 1.00% on Class C shares of the Fund.

 

Distribution Plan

 

The Fund has adopted a Distribution Plan (the “Plan”) under Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act with respect to certain classes of shares.  The Plan permits the Fund to compensate the Fund’s distributor for expenses associated with the distribution of certain classes of shares of the Fund.  Although actual distribution expenses may be more or less, under the Plan the Fund pay the distributor an annual fee in an amount that will not exceed the following amounts:

 

·                  0.25% of the average daily net assets of Class A shares of the Fund (distribution or service fees);

·                  1.00% of the average daily net assets of Class C shares for the Fund (0.25% service fees); and

·                  0.50% of the average daily net assets of the Class R Shares of the Fund (0.25% of which must be either a distribution or service fee).

 

As required by Rule 12b-1, the Plan was approved by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan.  The Plan was approved for the Fund by the Board of Trustees, and may be amended from time to time upon approval by vote of a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.  The Plan may be terminated as to a Class of the Fund by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that Class.  Any change in the Plan that would materially increase the distribution cost to a Class requires shareholder approval.  The Trustees will review, quarterly, a written report of such costs and the purposes for which such costs have been incurred.  The Plan may be amended by vote of the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.  For so long as the Plan is in effect, selection and nomination of those Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust shall be committed to the discretion of such disinterested persons.  All agreements with any person relating to the implementation of the Plan may be terminated at any time on 60 days’ written notice without payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by a vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of the applicable Class.  The Plan will continue in effect for successive one-year periods, provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan, and (ii) by a vote of a majority of the entire Board of Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.  The Board of Trustees has a duty to request and evaluate such information as may be reasonably necessary for them to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be implemented or continued.  In addition the Trustees in approving the Plan as to the Fund must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit such Fund and its shareholders.

 

The Board of Trustees of the Trust believes that the Plan is in the best interests of the Fund since it encourages Fund growth and maintenance of Fund assets.  As the Fund grows in size,

 

58



 

certain expenses, and therefore total expenses per share, may be reduced and overall performance per share may be improved.

 

The distributor will enter into, from time to time, agreements with selected dealers pursuant to which such dealers will provide certain services in connection with the distribution and shareholder servicing of the Fund’s shares including, but not limited to, those discussed above.  The Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser may pay additional amounts from its own resources to dealers or other financial intermediaries, for aid in distribution or for aid in providing administrative services to shareholders.

 

Administrative Services Plan

 

Under the terms of an Administrative Services Plan, the Fund is permitted to enter into Servicing Agreements with servicing organizations, such as broker-dealers and financial institutions, who agree to provide certain administrative support services in connection with the Class A, Class R and Institutional Service Class shares of the Fund.  Such administrative support services include, but are not limited to, the following: establishing and maintaining shareholder accounts, processing purchase and redemption transactions, arranging for bank wires, performing shareholder sub-accounting, answering inquiries regarding the Fund, providing periodic statements showing the account balance for beneficial owners or for plan participants or contract holders of insurance company separate accounts, transmitting proxy statements, periodic reports, updated prospectuses and other communications to shareholders and, with respect to meetings of shareholders, collecting, tabulating and forwarding to the Trust executed proxies and obtaining such other information and performing such other services as may reasonably be required.  With respect to the Class R shares, these types of administrative support services will be exclusively provided for retirement plans and their plan participants.

 

As authorized by the particular Administrative Services Plan for the Fund, the Trust has entered into Servicing Agreements for the Fund pursuant to which the contracted servicing agent for the Fund has agreed to provide certain administrative support services in connection with the Fund shares held beneficially by its customers.  In consideration for providing administrative support services, the servicing agent with whom the Trust may enter into Servicing Agreements will receive a fee, computed at the annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Class A, R or Institutional Service Class shares of the Fund.

 

Fund Administration

 

Under the terms of the Fund Administration Agreement, AAMI provides various administrative and accounting services, including daily valuation of the Fund’s shares, preparation of financial statements, tax returns, and regulatory reports, and presentation of quarterly reports to the Board of Trustees.  AAMI is located at 1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.  The Trust shall pay fees to the Administrator, as set forth directly below, for the provision of services.  Fees will be computed daily and payable monthly on the first business day of each month, or as otherwise set forth below.

 

59



 

Asset-Based Annual Fee

 

·                  0.065% of the first $500 million in aggregate net assets of all funds of the Trust, plus

·                  0.045% of aggregate net assets of all funds of the Trust in excess of $500 million up to $2 billion; plus

·                  0.02% of the aggregate net assets of all funds of the Trust in excess of $2 billion.

 

The asset-based fees are subject to an annual minimum fee equal to the number of funds of the Trust multiplied by $25,000.

 

Out of Pocket Expenses and Miscellaneous Charges

 

The Trust will also be responsible for out-of-pocket expenses (including, but not limited to, the cost of the pricing services that the Administrator utilizes and any networking fees paid as out-of-pocket expenses) reasonably incurred by the Administrator or its subcontractors in providing services to the Trust.  All fees and expenses shall be paid by the Trust to the Administrator on behalf of the Fund and other funds within the Trust.

 

Transfer Agent

 

The Trust has entered into a Services Agreement with Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. (“BFDS”), 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021, whereby BFDS provides transfer agent and dividend disbursement agent services.

 

Sub-Administrator, Custodian and Fund Accountant

 

The Trust has entered into an Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement (the “Custody Agreement”) with State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), State Street Financial Center, 1 Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, whereby State Street provides custody and fund accounting services for the Fund.  Aberdeen has entered into a Sub-Administration Agreement with State Street whereby State Street will provide certain administration services to the Fund.   For the administration services provided by State Street to the Fund, Aberdeen pays State Street an asset-based fee that is calculated based on the assets of certain registered and unregistered funds and segregated accounts advised by the Adviser and its affiliates, plus certain out-of-pocket expenses, subject to a minimum fee.

 

Legal Counsel

 

Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, serves as the Trust’s legal counsel.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

[    ] serves as the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Trust.

 

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BROKERAGE ALLOCATION

 

The Adviser (or Subadviser) is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities and other investments for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any.  In transactions on stock and commodity exchanges in the United States, these commissions are negotiated, whereas on foreign stock and commodity exchanges these commissions are generally fixed and are generally higher than brokerage commissions in the United States.  In the case of securities traded on the over-the-counter markets or for securities traded on a principal basis, there is generally no commission, but the price includes a spread between the dealer’s purchase and sale price.  This spread is the dealer’s profit.  In underwritten offerings, the price includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount.  Most short term obligations are normally traded on a “principal” rather than agency basis.  This may be done through a dealer (e.g., a securities firm or bank) who buys or sells for its own account rather than as an agent for another client, or directly with the issuer.

 

Except as described below, the primary consideration in portfolio security transactions is best execution of the transaction i.e., execution at a favorable price and in the most effective manner possible.  “Best execution” encompasses many factors affecting the overall benefit obtained by the client account in the transaction including, but not necessarily limited to, the price paid or received for a security, the commission charged, the promptness, availability and reliability of execution, the confidentiality and placement accorded the order, and customer service.  Therefore, “best execution” does not necessarily mean obtaining the best price alone but is evaluated in the context of all the execution services provided.  Both the Adviser and the Subadviser have complete freedom as to the markets in and the broker-dealers through which they seek this result.

 

Subject to the primary consideration of seeking best execution and as discussed below, securities may be bought or sold through broker-dealers who have furnished statistical, research, corporate access, and other information or services to the Adviser or Subadviser.  In placing orders with such broker-dealers, the Adviser or the Subadviser will, where possible, take into account the comparative usefulness of such information.  Such information is useful to the Adviser or Subadviser even though its dollar value may be indeterminable, and its receipt or availability generally does not reduce the Adviser’s or Subadviser’s normal research activities or expenses.

 

There may be occasions when portfolio transactions for the Fund are executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same security for trusts or other accounts (including other mutual funds) served by the Adviser or Subadviser or by an affiliated company thereof.  Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or disadvantageous to the Fund, they are affected only when the Adviser or the Subadviser believes that to do so is in the interest of the Fund.  When such concurrent authorizations occur, the executions will be allocated in an equitable manner.

 

In purchasing and selling investments for the Fund, it is the policy of the Adviser and the Subadviser to obtain best execution through responsible broker-dealers.  The determination of what may constitute best execution in a securities transaction by a broker involves a number of considerations, including the overall direct net economic result to the Fund (involving both price paid or received and any commissions and other costs paid), the efficiency with which the transaction is

 

61



 

effected, the ability to effect the transaction at all when a large block is involved, the availability of the broker to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the future, the professionalism of the broker, and the financial strength and stability of the broker.  These considerations are judgmental and are weighed by the Adviser or the Subadviser in determining the overall reasonableness of securities executions and commissions paid.  In selecting broker-dealers, the Adviser or a Subadviser will consider various relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the size and type of the transaction; the nature and character of the markets for the security or asset to be purchased or sold; the execution efficiency, settlement capability, and financial condition of the broker-dealer’s firm; the broker-dealer’s execution services, rendered on a continuing basis; and the reasonableness of any commissions.

 

The Adviser and the Subadviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer who furnishes brokerage and/or research services a commission that is in excess of the commission another broker-dealer would have received for executing the transaction if it is determined, pursuant to the requirements of Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act, that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided.  Such research services may include, among other things, analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, analytic or modeling software, market data feeds, corporate access, and historical market information.  Any such research and other information provided by brokers to the Adviser or Subadviser is considered to be in addition to and not in lieu of services required to be performed by it under its investment advisory or subadvisory agreement, as the case may be.  The fees paid to the Adviser and the Subadviser pursuant to their respective investment advisory or subadvisory agreement are not reduced by reason of their receiving any brokerage and research services.  The research services provided by broker-dealers can be useful to the Adviser or Subadviser in serving their other clients.  All research services received from the brokers to whom commissions are paid are used collectively, meaning such services may not actually be utilized in connection with each client account that may have provided the commission paid to the brokers providing such services.  The Adviser and the Subadviser are prohibited from considering the broker-dealers’ sale of shares of any fund for which it serves as investment adviser or subadviser, except as may be specifically permitted by law.

 

The Adviser may direct security transactions to brokers providing brokerage and research services to the benefit of all Aberdeen clients, including the Fund.

 

Under the 1940 Act, “affiliated persons” of the Fund are prohibited from dealing with it as a principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless an exemptive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the SEC.  However, the Fund may purchase securities from underwriting syndicates of which the Adviser, Subadviser or any of their affiliates, as defined in the 1940 Act, is a member under certain conditions, in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act.

 

The Fund contemplates that, consistent with the policy of obtaining best execution, brokerage transactions may be conducted through “affiliated brokers or dealers,” as defined in rules under the 1940 Act.  Under the 1940 Act, commissions paid by the Fund to an “affiliated broker or dealer” in connection with a purchase or sale of securities offered on a securities exchange may not exceed the usual and customary broker’s commission.  Accordingly, it is the Fund’s policy that the commissions to be paid to an affiliated broker-dealer must, in the judgment of the Adviser or the Subadviser, be (1) at least as favorable as those that would be charged by other brokers having

 

62



 

comparable execution capability and (2) at least as favorable as commissions contemporaneously charged by such broker or dealer on comparable transactions for the broker’s or dealer’s unaffiliated customers.  The Adviser and the Subadviser do not necessarily deem it practicable or in the Fund’s best interests to solicit competitive bids for commissions on each transaction.  However, consideration regularly is given to information concerning the prevailing level of commissions charged on comparable transactions by other brokers during comparable periods of time.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PURCHASES AND SALES

 

Class A Sales Charges

 

The charts below show the Class A sales charges, which decrease as the amount of your investment increases.

 

Class A Shares of the Fund

 

AMOUNT OF
PURCHASE

 

SALES CHARGE AS %
OF OFFERING PRICE

 

SALES CHARGE AS % OF
AMOUNT INVESTED

 

DEALER
COMMISSION

 

less than $100,000

 

4.25

%

4.44

%

3.75

%

$100,000 up to $250,000

 

3.50

 

3.63

 

3.00

 

$250,000 up to $500,000

 

2.50

 

2.56

 

2.00

 

$500,000 up to $1 million

 

2.00

 

2.04

 

1.75

 

$1 million or more

 

None

 

None

 

None

 

 

Using the initial net asset value per share the maximum offering price of the Fund’s Class A shares would be as follows:

 

Fund Name

 

Net Asset Value

 

Maximum Sales Charge

 

Offering Price to the
Public

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

$

10.00

 

4.25

%

$

10.43

 

 

Waiver of Class A Sales Charges

 

You may qualify for a reduced Class A sales charge if you own or are purchasing shares of the Fund.  You may also qualify for a waiver of the Class A sales charges.  To receive the reduced or waived sales charge, you must inform Customer Service or your broker or other intermediary at the time of your purchase that you qualify for such a reduction or waiver.  If you do not inform Customer Service or your intermediary that you are eligible for a reduced or waived sales charge, you may not receive the discount or waiver that you are entitled to.  You may have to produce evidence that you qualify for a reduced sales charge or waiver before you will receive it.

 

The sales charge applicable to Class A shares may be waived for the following purchases:

 

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1)              shares sold to other registered investment companies affiliated with Aberdeen,

 

2)              shares sold to:

 

a)              any pension, profit sharing, or other employee benefit plan for the employees of Aberdeen, any of its affiliated companies, or investment advisory clients and their affiliates;

 

b)             401(k) plans, 457 plans, 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans, nonqualified deferred compensation plans and other retirement accounts;

 

c)              any life insurance company separate account registered as a unit investment trust;

 

d)             Trustees and retired Trustees of the Trust;

 

e)              directors, officers, full-time employees, sales representatives and their employees, and retired directors, officers, employees, and sales representatives, their spouses (including domestic partners), children or immediate relatives (immediate relatives include mother, father, brothers, sisters, grandparents, grandchildren (“Immediate Relatives”)), and Immediate Relatives of deceased employees of any member of Aberdeen, or any investment advisory clients of the Adviser and its affiliates;

 

f)                directors, officers, and full-time employees, their spouses (including domestic partners), children or Immediate Relatives and Immediate Relatives of deceased employees of any sponsor group which may be affiliated with Aberdeen;

 

g)             any qualified pension or profit sharing plan established by a Aberdeen sales representative for himself/herself and his/her employees;

 

h)             any person who pays for the shares with the proceeds from sales of Class D shares of a fund if the new fund purchased does not have Class D shares and Class A shares are purchased instead.

 

3)              Class A shares sold to:

 

a)              any person purchasing through an account with an unaffiliated brokerage firm having an agreement with the distributor to waive sales charges for those persons;

 

b)             any directors, officers, full-time employees, sales representatives and their employees, their spouses (including domestic partners), children or

 

64



 

Immediate Relatives, or any investment advisory clients of a broker-dealer having a dealer/selling agreement with the distributor; and

 

c)              financial intermediaries who have entered into an agreement with the Fund’s distributor to offer shares to self-directed investment brokerage accounts that may or may not charge a transaction fee to its customers.

 

4)              to employer-sponsored retirement plans including pension, profit sharing or deferred compensation plans which are qualified under Sections 401(a), 403(b) or 457 of the Code.

 

Reduction of Sales Charges

 

Reduction of Class A Sales Charges

 

Shareholders can reduce or eliminate Class A shares’ initial sales charge through one or more of the discounts described below:

 

·                  A Larger Investment.  The sales charge decreases as the amount of your investment increases.

·                  Rights of Accumulation.  You and members of your family who live at the same address can add the current value of your Class A and Class C investments in the Aberdeen Funds that you currently own or are currently purchasing to the value of your Class A purchase, possibly reducing the sales charge.  To the extent you are eligible to purchase Class D shares of an Aberdeen Fund, these purchases may also be combined.

·                  No Sales Charge on a Repurchase.  If you sell Fund shares from your account, we allow you a one-time privilege to reinvest some or all of the proceeds in shares of the same class.  You will not pay a sales charge on Class A shares that you buy within 30 days of selling Class A shares of an equal or greater amount if you have already paid a sales charge.  Remember, if you realize a gain or a loss on your sale of shares, the transaction is taxable and reinvestment will not affect the amount of capital gains tax that is due.  If you realize a loss on your sale and you reinvest, some or all of the loss may not be allowed as a tax deduction depending on the amount you reinvest.

·                  Letter of Intent Discount.  State in writing that during a 13-month period you or a group of family members who live at the same address will purchase or hold at least $100,000 in Class A or Class D shares and your sales charge will be based on the total amount you intend to invest.  You can also combine your purchase of Class C Shares to fulfill your Letter of Intent.  Your Letter of Intent is not a binding obligation to buy shares of the Fund; it is merely a statement of intent.  You are not legally required to complete the purchases indicated in your Letter of Intent. However, if you do not fulfill your Letter of Intent, additional sales charges may be due and shares in your account would be liquidated to cover those sales charges.

 

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Class A Finder’s Fee and Corresponding CDSC

 

There are no front-end sales charges for purchases of Class A shares of the Fund of $1 million or more.  An investor may purchase $1 million or more of Class A shares in one or more of the Aberdeen Funds and avoid the front-end sales charge.  However, unless an investor is otherwise eligible to purchase Class A shares without a sales charge, the investor will pay a CDSC if he or she redeems such Class A shares within 18 months of the date of purchase.  With respect to such purchases, the distributor or the Fund’s Adviser may pay dealers a finder’s fee (as described below) on investments made in Class A shares with no initial sales charge.  The CDSC covers the finder’s fee paid by the distributor or the Adviser to the selling dealer.  For the selling dealer to be eligible for the finder’s fee, the following requirements apply:

 

·                  The purchase can be made in any combination of the funds of the Trust.  The amount of the finder’s fee will be determined based on the particular combination of the funds purchased.

The applicable finder’s fee will be determined on a pro rata basis to the purchase of each particular Fund.

·                  The shareholder will be subject to a CDSC for shares redeemed in any redemption within the first 18 months of purchase.

 

The CDSC will equal the amount of the finder’s fee paid out to the dealer as described in the chart below.  The applicable CDSC will be determined on a pro rata basis according to the amount of the redemption from each particular Fund.  The Class A CDSC will not exceed the aggregate amount of the finder’s fee the distributor or Adviser paid to the selling dealer on all purchases of Class A shares of all funds an investor made that were subject to the Class A CDSC.

 

Amount of Finder’s Fee/Contingent Deferred Sales Charge

 

 

 

Amount of Purchase

 

Fund Purchased

 

$1 million up to $4 million

 

$4 million up to $25 million

 

$25 million or more

 

Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

0.75

%

0.50

%

0.25

%

 

CDSC for Class C Shares

 

You will pay a CDSC of 1.00% if you sell your Class C shares within the first year after you purchased the shares.  The distributor or the Fund’s Adviser compensates broker-dealers and financial intermediaries for sales of Class C shares from its own resources at the rate of 1.00% of sales of Class C shares.  The CDSC is never imposed on dividends, whether paid in cash or reinvested, or on appreciation over the initial purchase price.  The CDSC applies only to the lesser of the original investment or current market value.

 

Other Dealer Compensation

 

In addition to the dealer commissions and payments under its 12b-1 Plan, from time to time, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may make payments for distribution and/or shareholder servicing activities out of their past profits and other of their own resources.  The Adviser and/or its affiliates

 

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may make payments for marketing, promotional, or related services provided by dealers and other financial intermediaries, and may be in exchange for factors that include, without limitation, differing levels or types of services provided by the intermediary, the expected level of assets or sales of shares, the placing of some or all of the funds of the Trust on a preferred or recommended list, access to an intermediary’s personnel, and other factors.  The amount of these payments is determined by the Adviser.

 

In addition to these payments described above, the Adviser or its affiliates may offer other sales incentives in the form of sponsorship of educational or client seminars relating to current products and issues, assistance in training and educating the intermediary’s personnel, and/or entertainment or meals.  These payments also may include, at the direction of a retirement plan’s named fiduciary, amounts to intermediaries for certain plan expenses or otherwise for the benefit of plan participants and beneficiaries.  As permitted by applicable law, the Adviser or its affiliates may pay or allow other incentives or payments to intermediaries.

 

The payments described above are often referred to as “revenue sharing payments.”  The recipients of such payments may include:

 

·                  the distributor and other affiliates of the Adviser,

·                  broker-dealers,

·                  financial institutions, and

·                  other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase shares of the Fund.

 

Payments may be based on current or past sales; current or historical assets; or a flat fee for specific services provided.  In some circumstances, such payments may create an incentive for an intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell shares of the Fund to you instead of shares of funds offered by competing fund families.

 

Class R Shares

 

Class R shares generally are available only to 401(k) plans, 457 plans, 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans, non-qualified deferred compensation plans and other retirement accounts (collectively, “retirement plans”) whereby the retirement plan or the retirement plan’s financial service firm has an agreement with the Fund’s distributor to utilize Class R shares in certain investment products or programs.  Class R shares are generally available to small- and mid-sized retirement plans having at least $1 million in assets.  In addition, Class R shares also are generally available only to retirement plans where Class R shares are held on the books of the Fund through omnibus accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the financial services firm) and where the plans are introduced by an intermediary, such as a broker, third party administrator, registered investment adviser or other retirement plan service provider.  Class R shares are not available to retail or institutional non-retirement accounts, traditional and Roth IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, SEPs, SAR-SEPs, one person Keogh plans, SIMPLE IRAs, individual 403(b) plans, or through 529 Plan accounts.

 

A retirement plan’s intermediaries can help determine which class is appropriate for that retirement plan.  If a retirement plan qualifies to purchase other shares of the Fund, one of these other classes may be more appropriate than Class R shares.  Specifically, if a retirement plan eligible

 

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to purchase Class R shares is otherwise qualified to purchase Class A shares at net asset value or at a reduced sales charge or to purchase Institutional Service Class or Institutional Class shares, one of these classes may be selected where the retirement plan does not require the distribution and administrative support services typically required by Class R share investors and/or the retirement plan’s intermediaries have elected to forgo the level of compensation that Class R shares provide.  Plan fiduciaries should consider their obligations under ERISA in determining which class is an appropriate investment for a retirement plan.  A retirement plan’s intermediaries may receive different compensation depending upon which class is chosen.

 

Redemptions

 

Generally, the Fund will issue payment for shares that you redeem the next business day after your redemption request is received in good order. The proceeds will be sent to you thereafter and delivery time may vary depending on the method by which you owned your shares (for example, directly or through a broker). The Fund may delay forwarding redemption proceeds for up to seven days (i) if the investor redeeming shares is engaged in excessive trading, or (ii) if the amount of the redemption request otherwise would be disruptive to efficient portfolio management or would adversely affect the Fund.  The Fund may also assess redemption fees on shares held less than 90 days, as set forth in the Fund’s current prospectus.  Those fees are 2.00% of the total redemption amount and are paid directly to the Fund to offset brokerage commissions, market impact and other costs associated with short-term trading of Fund shares.  Certain intermediaries cannot assess and collect redemption fees from their accounts.  To the extent redemption fees cannot be collected on particular transactions and excessive short-term trading occurs, the remaining shareholders bear the expense of such trading.

 

In-Kind Redemptions

 

The Fund generally plans to redeem its shares for cash with the following exceptions.  As described in the Prospectus, the Fund reserves the right, in circumstances where in its sole discretion it determines that cash redemption payments would be undesirable, taking into account the best interests of all Fund shareholders, to honor any redemption request by transferring some of the securities held by the Fund directly to you (an “in-kind redemption”).

 

The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act pursuant to which the Trust is obligated to redeem shares solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the specific Fund’s net asset value during any 90-day period for any one shareholder.

 

The Trust’s Board of Trustees has adopted procedures for redemptions in-kind by a shareholder including affiliated persons of the Fund.  Affiliated persons of the Fund include shareholders who are affiliates of the Adviser and shareholders of the Fund owning 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund.  These procedures provide that a redemption in-kind shall be effected at approximately the shareholder’s proportionate share of the distributing Fund’s current net assets, so that redemptions will not result in the dilution of interests of the remaining shareholders.  The procedures also require that the distributed securities be valued in the same manner as they are valued for purposes of computing the distributing Fund’s net asset value and that any redemption in-kind made by an affiliated party does not favor such affiliate to the detriment of any other shareholder.  The

 

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Trust’s Chief Financial Officer or his designee must determine that the redemption is in the best interests of the Fund.  Use of the redemption in-kind procedures will allow the Fund to avoid having to sell significant portfolio assets to raise cash to meet the shareholder’s redemption request - thus limiting the potential adverse effect on the distributing Fund’s net asset value.

 

Medallion Signature Guarantee

 

A medallion signature guarantee is required if: (1) your account address has changed within the last 15 calendar days; (2) the redemption check is made payable to anyone other than the registered shareholder; (3) the proceeds are sent to a bank account not previously designated or changed within the past 10 business days; (4) proceeds are mailed to an address other than the address of record; or (5) the redemption proceeds are being wired to a bank for which instructions are currently not on your account.  The distributor reserves the right to require a medallion signature guarantee in other circumstances, without notice.  Based on the circumstances of each transaction, the distributor reserves the right to require that your signature be guaranteed by an authorized agent of an “eligible guarantor institution,” which includes, but is not limited to, certain banks, credit unions, savings associations, and member firms of national securities exchanges.  A medallion signature guarantee is designed to protect the shareholder by helping to prevent an unauthorized person from redeeming shares and obtaining the proceeds.  A notary public is not an acceptable guarantor.  In certain special cases (such as corporate or fiduciary registrations), additional legal documents may be required to ensure proper authorizations.  If the distributor decides to require signature guarantees in all circumstances, shareholders will be notified in writing prior to implementation of the policy.  The distributor, at its discretion, may waive the requirement for a signature guarantee.

 

Accounts With Low Balances

 

If the value of your account falls below $1,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation, you are generally subject to a $5 quarterly fee, which is deposited into the Fund to offset the expenses of small accounts.  We will sell shares from your account quarterly to cover the fee.

 

We reserve the right to sell the rest of your shares and close your account if you make a sale that reduces the value of your account to less than $1,000.  Before the account is closed, we will give you notice and allow you 60 days to purchase additional shares to avoid this action.  We do this because of the high cost of maintaining small accounts.

 

VALUATION OF SHARES

 

The net asset value per share (“NAV”) for the Fund is determined as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) (usually 4 p.m.  Eastern Time) on each day that the Exchange is open (a “Business Day”) and on such other days as the Board of Trustees determines (together, the “Valuation Time”).  However, to the extent that the Fund’s investments are traded in markets that are open when the Exchange is closed, the value of the Fund’s investments may change on days when shares cannot be purchased or redeemed.

 

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The Fund will not compute NAV on customary business holidays, including New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, or the days when such holidays are observed and other days when the Exchange is closed.

 

The Fund reserves the right not to determine its NAV when: (i) the Fund has not received any orders to purchase, sell or exchange shares and (ii) changes in the value of that Fund’s portfolio do not affect that Fund’s net asset value.

 

The offering price for orders received in good form before the close of the Exchange, on each business day the Exchange is open for trading, will be based upon calculation of the NAV at the close of regular trading on the Exchange. For orders received in good form after the close of regular trading on the Exchange, or on a day on which the Exchange is not open for trading, the offering price is based upon NAV at the close of the Exchange on the next day thereafter on which the Exchange is open for trading. The NAV of a share of the Fund on which offering and redemption prices are based is the NAV of the Fund, divided by the number of shares outstanding, with the result adjusted to the nearer cent. The NAV of the Fund is determined by subtracting the liabilities of the Fund from the value of its assets (chiefly composed of investment securities).  The NAV per share of a class is computed by adding the value of all securities and other assets in the Fund’s portfolio allocable to such class, deducting any liabilities allocable to such class and any other liabilities charged directly to that class and dividing by the number of shares outstanding in such class.

 

Securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at current market value as of Valuation Time.  Valuation Time will be as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange (usually 4 P.M. Eastern Time).  Equity securities are valued at the last quoted sale price, or if there is no sale price, the last quoted mean price provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees.  Securities traded on NASDAQ are valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price.  Prices are taken from the primary market or exchange in which each security trades.

 

Debt and other fixed income securities (other than short-term obligations) are valued at the last quoted bid price by an independent pricing agent, the use of which has been approved by the Board of Trustees.  In the event such quotes are not available from such pricing agents, then the security may be priced based on bid quotations from broker-dealers.  Short term debt securities such as commercial paper and U.S. Treasury bills, having a remaining maturity of 60 days or less are considered to be “short term” and are valued at amortized cost which approximates market value.  The pricing service activities and results are reviewed by an officer of the Fund.

 

Securities for which market quotations are not readily available, or for which an independent pricing service does not provide a value or provides a value that does not represent fair value in the judgment of the Adviser or designee, are valued at fair value under procedures approved by the Fund’s Board of Trustees.  Fair value determinations are required for securities whose value is affected by a significant event that will materially affect the value of a domestic or foreign security and which occurs subsequent to the time of the close of the principal market on which such domestic or foreign security trades but prior to the calculation of the Fund’s NAV.  Significant events that could affect a large number of securities in a particular market may include, but are not limited to: situations relating to one or more single issuers in a market sector; significant fluctuations in U.S. or foreign

 

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markets; market dislocations; market disruptions or market closings; equipment failures; natural or man-made disasters or acts of God; armed conflicts; governmental actions or other developments; as well as the same or similar events which may affect specific issuers or the securities markets even though not tied directly to the securities markets.  Other significant events that could relate to a single issuer may include, but are not limited to: corporate actions such as reorganizations, mergers and buy-outs; corporate announcements, including those relating to earnings, products and regulatory news; significant litigation; low trading volume; trading limits; or suspensions.

 

The Fund holds foreign equity securities and will value securities at fair value in the circumstances described below.  Generally, trading in foreign securities markets is completed each day at various times prior to the Valuation Time.  In addition, foreign securities trading generally or in a particular country or countries may not take place on all Business Days.  Furthermore, trading may take place in various foreign markets on days which are not Business Days and days on which the Fund’s net asset value is not calculated.  “Fair value” prices will be used with respect to foreign securities for which an independent pricing agent is able to provide automated daily fair values.  Fair value prices are intended to reflect more accurately the value of those securities at the time the Fund’s NAV is calculated.  Fair value prices are used because many foreign markets operate at times that do not coincide with those of the major U.S. markets.  Events that could affect the values of foreign portfolio holdings may occur between the close of the foreign market and the time of determining the NAV, and would not otherwise be reflected in the NAV.  Due to the time differences between the closings of the relevant foreign securities exchanges and the Valuation Time for the Fund, the Fund will also fair value their foreign investments when the market quotations for the foreign investments either are not readily available, are unreliable or may be affected by a significant event and, therefore, do not represent fair value.  When the Fund uses fair value pricing, the values assigned to the Fund’s foreign investments may not be the quoted or published prices of the investments on their primary markets or exchanges.

 

The Trust may suspend the right of redemption for such periods as are permitted under the 1940 Act and under the following unusual circumstances: (a) when the New York Stock Exchange is closed (other than weekends and holidays) or trading is restricted; (b) when an emergency exists, making disposal of portfolio securities or the valuation of net assets not reasonably practicable; or (c) during any period when the SEC has by order permitted a suspension of redemption for the protection of shareholders.

 

SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

Automatic Asset Accumulation - This is a systematic investment strategy which combines automatic monthly transfers from your personal checking account to your mutual fund account with the concept of Dollar Cost Averaging.  With this strategy, you invest a fixed amount monthly over an extended period of time, during both market highs and lows.  Dollar Cost Averaging can allow you to achieve a favorable average share cost over time since your fixed monthly investment buys more shares when share prices fall during low markets, and fewer shares at higher prices during market highs.  Although no formula can assure a profit or protect against loss in a declining market, systematic investing has proven a valuable investment strategy in the past.

 

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Once you have opened an account with at least $1,000, you can contribute to an Automatic Asset Accumulation plan for as little as $50 a month in the Fund.

 

Automatic Asset Transfer - This systematic investment plan allows you to transfer $25 or more to one Fund from another Fund systematically, monthly or quarterly, after Fund minimums have been met.  The money is transferred on the 25th day of the month as selected or on the preceding business day.  Dividends of any amount can be moved automatically from one Fund to another at the time they are paid.  This strategy can provide investors with the benefits of Dollar Cost Averaging through an opportunity to achieve a favorable average share cost over time.  With this plan, your fixed monthly or quarterly transfer from the Fund to any other Fund you select buys more shares when share prices fall during low markets and fewer shares at higher prices during market highs.  Although no formula can assure a profit or protect against loss in a declining market, systematic investing has proven a valuable investment strategy in the past.

 

Automatic Withdrawal Plan (“AWP”) ($50 or More) - You may have checks for any fixed amount of $50 or more automatically sent bi-monthly, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually, to you (or anyone you designate) from your account.  Complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or contact your financial intermediary or the Fund.  Your account value must meet the minimum initial investment amount at the time the program is established.  This program may reduce and eventually deplete your account.  Generally, it is not advisable to continue to purchase Class A or Class C shares subject to a sales charge while simultaneously redeeming shares under the program.  The $50 minimum is waived for required minimum distributions from individual retirement accounts.

 

For each AWP payment, assets that are not subject to a CDSC, such as appreciation on shares and shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gains distributions, will be redeemed first and will count toward the 12% limit.  If there is an insufficient amount of assets not subject to a CDSC to cover a particular AWP payment, shares subject to the lowest CDSC will be redeemed next until the 12% limit is reached.  Any dividends and/or capital gains distributions taken in cash by a shareholder who receives payments through the AWP will also count toward the 12% limit.  In the case of AWP, the 12% limit is calculated at the time an automatic redemption is first made, and is recalculated at the time each additional automatic redemption is made.

 

NOTE: If you are withdrawing more shares than your account receives in dividends, you will be decreasing your total shares owned, which will reduce your future dividend potential.

 

INVESTOR PRIVILEGES

 

The Fund offers the following privileges to shareholders.  Additional information may be obtained by calling toll free 866-667-9231.

 

No Sales Charge On Reinvestments - All dividends and capital gains will be automatically reinvested free of charge in the form of additional shares within the same Fund and class or another specifically requested Fund (but the same class) unless you have chosen to receive them in cash on your application.  Unless requested in writing by the shareholder, the Trust will not

 

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mail checks for dividends and capital gains of less than $5 but instead they will automatically be reinvested in the form of additional shares.

 

Exchange Privilege - The exchange privilege is a convenient way to exchange shares from one Fund to another Fund in order to respond to changes in your goals or in market conditions.  The registration of the account to which you are making an exchange must be exactly the same as that of the Fund account from which the exchange is made, and the amount you exchange must meet the applicable minimum investment of the Fund being purchased.  The exchange privilege may be limited due to excessive trading or market timing of Fund shares.

 

Exchanges Among Funds.  Exchanges may be made among any of the Aberdeen Funds within the same class of shares (except for any other Fund not currently accepting purchase orders), so long as both accounts have the same registration, and your first purchase in the new Fund meets the new Fund’s minimum investment requirement.

 

Because Class R shares of the Fund are held within retirement plans, exchange privileges with other Class R shares of the Aberdeen Funds may not be available unless the Class R shares of the other Aberdeen Funds are also available within a plan.  Please contact your retirement plan administrator for information on how to exchange your Class R shares within your retirement plan.

 

Generally, there is no sales charge for exchanges of Class C, Institutional Service Class or Institutional Class shares.  However, if your exchange involves certain Class A shares, you may have to pay the difference between the sales charges if a higher sales charge applies to the Fund into which you are exchanging.  If you exchange your Class A shares of the Fund that are subject to a CDSC into another Aberdeen Fund and then redeem those Class A shares within 18 months of the original purchase, the applicable CDSC will be the CDSC for the original Fund.

 

If you wish to purchase shares of the Fund or class for which the exchange privilege does not apply, you will pay any applicable CDSC at the time you redeem your shares and pay any applicable front-end load on the new Fund you are purchasing unless a sales charge waiver otherwise applies.

 

Exchanges May Be Made in the Following Ways:

 

By Telephone

 

Automated Voice Response System - You can automatically process exchanges for the Fund by calling 866-667-9231, 24 hours a day, seven days a week.  However, if you declined the option on the application, you will not have this automatic exchange privilege.  This system also gives you quick, easy access to mutual fund information.  Select from a menu of choices to conduct transactions and hear fund price information, mailing and wiring instructions as well as other mutual fund information.  You must call our toll free number by the Valuation Time to receive that day’s closing share price.  The Valuation Time is the close of regular trading of the Exchange, which is usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

 

Customer Service Line - By calling 866-667-9231, you may exchange shares by telephone.  Requests may be made only by the account owner(s).  You must call our toll free number by the Valuation Time to receive that day’s closing share price.

 

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The Fund may record all instructions to exchange shares.  The Fund reserves the right at any time without prior notice to suspend, limit or terminate the telephone exchange privilege or its use in any manner by any person or class.

 

The Fund will employ the same procedure described under “Buying, Selling and Exchanging Fund Shares” in the Prospectus to confirm that the instructions are genuine.

 

The Fund will not be liable for any loss, injury, damage, or expense as a result of acting upon instructions communicated by telephone reasonably believed to be genuine, and the Fund will be held harmless from any loss, claims or liability arising from its compliance with such instructions.  These options are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectuses and all telephone transaction calls may be recorded.  The Fund reserves the right to revoke this privilege at any time without notice to shareholders and request the redemption in writing, signed by all shareholders.

 

By Mail or Fax - Write or fax to Aberdeen Funds, P.O. Box 55930, Boston, MA 02205-5930 or fax to 866-923-4269.  Please be sure that your letter or facsimile is signed exactly as your account is registered and that your account number and the Fund from which you wish to make the exchange are included.  For example, if your account is registered “John Doe and Mary Doe,”  “Joint Tenants With Right of Survivorship,” then both John Doe and Mary Doe must sign the exchange request.  The exchange will be processed effective the date the signed letter or fax is received.  Fax requests received after the Valuation Time will be processed as of the next business day.  The Fund reserves the right to require the original document if you use the fax method.

 

By On Line Access - Log on to our website, www.aberdeen-asset.us/aam.nsf/usRetail/home, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for easy access to your mutual fund accounts.  Once you have reached the website, you will be instructed on how to select a password and perform transactions.  You can choose to receive information on all funds within the Trust as well as your own personal accounts.  You may also perform transactions, such as purchases, redemptions and exchanges.  The Fund may terminate the ability to buy Fund shares on its website at any time, in which case you may continue to exchange shares by mail, wire or telephone pursuant to the Prospectuses.

 

INVESTOR SERVICES

 

Automated Voice Response System - Our toll free number 866-667-9231 will connect you 24 hours a day, seven days a week to the system.  Through a selection of menu options, you can conduct transactions, hear fund price information, mailing and wiring instructions and other mutual fund information.

 

Toll Free Information and Assistance - Customer service representatives are available to answer questions regarding the Fund and your account(s) between the hours of 8 a.m. and 9 p.m. Eastern Time (Monday through Friday).

 

Retirement Plans - Shares of the Fund may be purchased for Self-Employed Retirement Plans, Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), Roth IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, IRAs, Simplified Employee Pension Plans, Corporate Pension Plans, Profit Sharing Plans and Money Purchase Plans.

 

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Shareholder Confirmations - You will receive a confirmation statement each time a requested transaction is processed.  However, no confirmations are mailed on certain pre-authorized, systematic transactions, or IRAs.  Instead, these will appear on your next consolidated statement.

 

Consolidated Statements - Shareholders of the Fund receive quarterly statements as of the end of March, June, September and December.  Please review your statement carefully and notify us immediately if there is a discrepancy or error in your account.

 

For shareholders with multiple accounts, your consolidated statement will reflect all your current holdings in the Fund.  Your accounts are consolidated by social security number and zip code.  Accounts in your household under other social security numbers may be added to your statement at your request.  Only transactions during the reporting period will be reflected on the statements.  An annual summary statement reflecting all calendar-year transactions in all your funds will be sent after year-end.

 

Average Cost Statement - This statement may aid you in preparing your tax return and in reporting capital gains and losses to the IRS.  If you redeemed any shares during the calendar year, a statement reflecting your taxable gain or loss for the calendar year (based on the average cost you paid for the redeemed shares) will be mailed to you following each year-end.  Average cost can only be calculated on accounts opened on or after January 1, 1984.  Fiduciary accounts and accounts with shares acquired by gift, inheritance, transfer, or by any means other than a purchase cannot be calculated.

 

Average cost is one of the IRS approved methods available to compute gains or losses.  You may wish to consult a tax advisor on the other methods available.

 

Shareholder Reports - All shareholders will receive reports semi-annually detailing the financial operations of the Fund.

 

Prospectus.  An updated prospectus will be mailed to you at least annually.

 

Undeliverable Mail - If mail from the Fund to a shareholder is returned as undeliverable on two or more consecutive occasions, the Fund will not send any future mail to the shareholder unless it receives notification of a correct mailing address for the shareholder.  With respect to any redemption checks or dividend/capital gains distribution checks that are returned as undeliverable or not presented for payment within six months, the Trust reserves the right to reinvest the check proceeds and any future distributions in shares of the Fund at the then-current NAV of such Fund until the Fund receives further instructions from the shareholder.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Description of Shares

 

The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of the Fund and to divide or combine such shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby exchanging the proportionate beneficial interests in the

 

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Trust.  Each share of the Fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that Fund with each other share.  The Trust reserves the right to create and issue a number of different funds.  Shares of the Fund would participate equally in the earnings, dividends, and assets of that particular fund.  Upon liquidation of the Fund, shareholders are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of such Fund available for distribution to shareholders.

 

Including the Fund, the Trust presently consists of the following 27 series of shares of beneficial interest, without par value and with the various classes listed:

 

FUND

 

SHARE CLASS

 

 

 

Aberdeen China Opportunities Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Equity Long-Short Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Global Equity Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Global Natural Resources Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Global Small Cap Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen International Equity Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Small Cap Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen U.S. Equity Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen U.S. Equity II Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Core Fixed Income Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Core Plus Income Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Local Currency

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Global Fixed Income Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Global High Yield Bond Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Tax-Free Income Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class D

 

 

 

Aberdeen Ultra-Short Duration Bond Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Optimal Allocations Fund: Defensive

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class,

 

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FUND

 

SHARE CLASS

 

 

 

 

 

Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Optimal Allocations Fund: Growth

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Optimal Allocations Fund: Moderate Growth

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Optimal Allocations Fund: Moderate

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Optimal Allocations Fund: Specialty

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Asia Bond Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Asia-Pacific (ex-Japan) Equity Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Smaller Companies Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen U.S. High Yield Bond Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

 

 

Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Institutional Class

 

You have an interest only in the assets of the Fund whose shares you own.  Shares of a particular class are equal in all respects to other shares of that class.  In the event of liquidation of the Fund, shares of the same class will share pro rata in the distribution of the net assets of the Fund with all other shares of that class.  All shares are without par value and when issued and paid for, are fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust.  Shares may be exchanged or converted as described in this Statement of Additional Information and in the Prospectuses but will have no other preference, conversion, exchange or preemptive rights.

 

Voting Rights

 

Shareholders of each class of shares have one vote for each share held and a proportionate fractional vote for any fractional share held.  An annual or special meeting of shareholders to conduct necessary business is not required by the Declaration of Trust, the 1940 Act or other authority except, under certain circumstances, to amend the Declaration of Trust, the Investment Advisory Agreement, fundamental investment objectives, fundamental investment policies and fundamental investment restrictions, to elect and remove Trustees, to reorganize the Trust or any series or class thereof and to act upon certain other business matters.  In regard to sale of assets; the change of fundamental investment objectives, policies and restrictions; the approval of an Investment Advisory Agreement; or any other matter for which a shareholder vote is sought, the right to vote is limited to the holders of shares of the particular Fund affected by the proposal.  In addition, holders of shares subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee will vote as a class and not with holders of any other class with respect to the approval of the Distribution Plan.

 

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To the extent that such a meeting is not required, the Trust does not intend to have an annual or special meeting of shareholders.

 

ADDITIONAL GENERAL TAX INFORMATION FOR ALL FUNDS

 

Buying a Dividend

 

If you are a taxable investor and invest in the Fund shortly before the record date of a taxable distribution, the distribution will lower the value of the Fund’s shares by the amount of the distribution, and you will in effect receive some of your investment back, but in the form of a taxable distribution.

 

Multi-Class Funds

 

Funds with multiple classes of shares calculate dividends and capital gain distributions the same way for each class.  The amount of any dividends per share will differ, however, generally due to the difference in the distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) and administrative services fees applicable to each class.

 

Distributions of Net Investment Income

 

The Fund receives income generally in the form of dividends and interest on its investments. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes its net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, any distributions by the Fund from such income (other than qualified dividend income received by individuals) will be taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates, whether you receive them in cash or in additional shares. Distributions from qualified dividend income will be taxable to individuals at long-term capital gain rates, provided certain holding period requirements are met by you and the Fund. See the discussion below under the heading, “Qualified Dividend Income for Individuals.”

 

Distributions of Capital Gains

 

The Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Distributions derived from the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss will be taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions paid from the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss will be taxable to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held your shares in the Fund. Any net short-term or long-term capital gain realized by the Fund (net of any capital loss carryovers) generally will be distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund.

 

For federal income tax purposes, the Fund is generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any taxable year to offset its own capital gains.  These amounts are available to be

 

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carried forward to offset future capital gains to extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.

 

Medicare Contribution Tax

 

Beginning in 2013, a 3.8 percent Medicare contribution tax will be imposed on net investment income, including interest, dividends, and capital gain, of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly), and of estates and trusts.

 

Returns of Capital

 

If the Fund’s distributions exceed its taxable income and capital gains realized during a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in the same taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders.  A return of capital distribution generally will not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and result in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those shares on which the distribution was received are sold.  Any return of capital in excess of your basis, however, is taxable as a capital gain.

 

Investments in Foreign Securities

 

Effect of foreign withholding taxes.  The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income from certain foreign securities.  This, in turn, could reduce the Fund’s distributions paid to you.

 

Effect of foreign debt investments on distributions.  Realized gains and losses from the sale of debt securities are treated as ordinary income or loss for federal income tax purposes by the Fund, to the extent attributable to foreign exchange gains or losses. These gains when distributed are taxable to you as ordinary income, and any losses reduce the Fund’s ordinary income otherwise available for distribution to you. This treatment could increase or decrease the Fund’s ordinary income distributions to you and may cause some or all of the Fund’s previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.

 

Pass-through of foreign tax credits.  If more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a fiscal year is invested in foreign securities, the Fund may elect to pass through to you your pro rata share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, the Fund may report more taxable income to you than it actually distributes. You will then be entitled either to deduct your share of these taxes in computing your taxable income (if you itemize your income tax deductions) or to claim a foreign tax credit for these taxes against your U.S. federal income tax (subject to limitations for certain shareholders). The Fund will provide you with the information necessary to complete your personal income tax return if it makes this election.  The amount of any foreign tax credits available to you (as a result of the pass-through to you of your pro rata share of foreign taxes by paid by the Fund) will be reduced if you receive foreign dividends from the Fund designated as qualified dividend income subject to taxation at long-term capital gain rates. Shareholders in these circumstances should talk with their personal tax advisors about their foreign tax credits and the procedures that they should follow to claim these credits on their personal income tax returns.

 

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PFIC securities.  The Fund may invest in securities of foreign entities that could be deemed for tax purposes to be passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). In general, a PFIC is any foreign corporation if 75% or more of its gross income for its taxable year is passive income, or 50% or more of its average assets (by value) are held for the production of passive income. When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund intends to mark-to-market these securities and recognize any unrealized gains as ordinary income at the end of the Fund’s fiscal and excise (described below) tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold or received dividends from these securities. You should also be aware that the designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security would cause its income dividends to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends for individuals when distributed to you by the Fund. In addition, if the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax (the effect of which could be mitigated by making a mark-to-market election in a year prior to the sale) on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.

 

Information on the Amount and Tax Character of Distributions

 

The Fund will inform you of the amount of your ordinary income and capital gain dividends at the time they are paid and will advise you of their tax status for U.S. federal income tax purposes shortly after the end of each calendar year.  If you have not held Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may report and distribute to you, as ordinary income, as qualified dividends or as capital gains a percentage of income that may not be equal to the actual amount of this type of income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund.  Taxable distributions declared by the Fund in December to shareholders of record in such month but paid in January are taxable to you as if they were paid in December.

 

Election to be Taxed as a Regulated Investment Company

 

The Fund intends to elect or has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. The Fund intends to qualify during the current fiscal year as a regulated investment company. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally is not subject to entity-level federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Board of Trustees reserves the right not to distribute the Fund’s net long-term capital gain or not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines such a course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If net long-term capital gain is retained, the Fund would be taxed on the gain at the highest corporate tax rate, and the shareholders of the Fund would be notified that they are entitled to a credit or refund for the tax paid by the Fund. If the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund would be subject to federal and possibly state corporate taxes on its taxable income and gain, and distributions to you would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits.

 

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In order to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes, the Fund must meet certain asset diversification, income, and distribution specific requirements, including:

 

(i) the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income);

 

(ii) the Fund must diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, any two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock is held by the Fund and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships; and

 

(iii) the Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., income other than its net realized long-term capital gain over its net realized short-term capital loss), plus or minus certain adjustments, and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year.  The Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporation rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders.

 

Excise Tax Distribution Requirements

 

To avoid a 4% federal excise tax, the Code requires the Fund to distribute to you by December 31 of each year, at a minimum, the following amounts: 98% of its taxable ordinary income earned during the calendar year; 98.2% of its capital gain net income earned during the twelve-month period ending October 31; and 100% of any undistributed amounts from the prior year.  The Fund intends to declare and pay these distributions in December (or to pay them in January, in which case you must treat them as received in December) but can give no assurances that its distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.

 

Sales, Exchanges and Redemption of Fund Shares

 

Sales, exchanges, and redemptions (including redemptions in kind) of Fund shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you sell your Fund shares, whether you receive cash or exchange them for shares of a different Fund, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your sale or exchange. If you owned your shares as a capital asset, any gain or loss that you realize generally is a capital gain or loss, and is long-term or short-term, depending on how long

 

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you owned your shares.  Any redemption/exchange fees you incur on shares redeemed or exchanged within 90 days after the date they were purchased will decrease the amount of any capital gain (or increase any capital loss) you realize on the sale or exchange.

 

Sales at a Loss Within Six Months of Purchase.  Any loss incurred on the sale or exchange of Fund shares owned for six months or less is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gains distributed to you by the Fund on those shares.

 

Wash Sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares is disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Fund (through reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within 30 days before or after your sale. Any loss disallowed under these rules is added to your tax basis in the new shares.

 

Deferral of Basis — Class A shares only.  In reporting gain or loss on the sale of your Fund shares, you may be required to adjust your basis in the shares you sell under the following circumstances:

 

If:

 

·                  In your original purchase of Fund shares, you received a reinvestment right (the right to reinvest your sales proceeds at a reduced or with no sales charge), and

 

·                  You sell some or all of your original shares within 90 days of their purchase, and

 

·                  You reinvest the sales proceeds in the Fund or in another Fund on or before January 31 of the following year, and the sales charge that would otherwise apply is reduced or eliminated;

 

Then:

 

In reporting any gain or loss on your sale, all or a portion of the sales charge that you paid for your original shares is excluded from your tax basis in the shares sold and added to your tax basis in the new shares.

 

Cost Basis Reporting.  The Fund’s administrative agent will be required to provide you with cost basis information on the sale of any of your shares in the Fund, subject to certain exceptions.  This cost basis reporting requirement is effective for shares purchased in the Fund on or after January 1, 2012.

 

U.S. Government Securities

 

The income earned on certain U.S. government securities is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you.  States also grant tax-free status to dividends paid to you from interest earned on these securities, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund.  The income on Fund investments in certain securities, such as repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government obligations, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., Government National Mortgage Association

 

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(Ginnie Mae) or Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) securities), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment.  The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.

 

Qualified Dividend Income For Individuals

 

For individual shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may be qualified dividends eligible for taxation at long-term capital gain rates.  This reduced rate generally is available for dividends paid by the Fund out of dividends earned on the Fund’s investment in stocks of domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations.  Dividends from PFICs are not eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.  Either none or only a nominal portion of the dividends paid by the Fund will be qualified dividend income because they invest primarily in non-qualified foreign securities.  Income dividends earned by the Fund on non-qualified foreign securities will continue to be taxed at the higher ordinary income tax rate.

 

Both the Fund and the investor must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Fund dividends for this treatment.  Specifically, the Fund must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend.  Similarly, investors must hold their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund distribution goes ex-dividend.  The ex-dividend date is the first date following the declaration of a dividend on which the purchaser of stock is not entitled to receive the dividend payment.  When counting the number of days you held your Fund shares, include the day you sold your shares but not the day you acquired these shares.

 

While the income received in the form of a qualified dividend is taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered as a long-term capital gain for other federal income tax purposes.  For example, you will not be allowed to offset your long-term capital losses against qualified dividend income on your federal income tax return.  Any qualified dividend income that you elect to be taxed at these reduced rates also cannot be used as investment income in determining your allowable investment interest expense.  For other limitations on the amount of or use of qualified dividend income on your income tax return, please contact your personal tax advisor.

 

After the close of its fiscal year, the Fund will designate the portion of its ordinary dividend income that meets the definition of qualified dividend income taxable at reduced rates.  If 95% or more of the Fund’s income is from qualified sources, it will be allowed to designate 100% of its ordinary income distributions as qualified dividend income.

 

This favorable taxation of qualified dividend income at long-term capital gain tax rates expires and will no longer apply to dividends paid by the Fund with respect to its taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012 (sunset date), unless such provision is extended or made permanent.

 

Dividends-Received Deduction for Corporations

 

For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the dividends-received deduction.  The portion of dividends paid by the Fund that qualifies for the corporate dividends-received deduction will be designated each year in a notice mailed to the Fund’s

 

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shareholders, and cannot exceed the gross amount of dividends received by the Fund from domestic (U.S.) corporations that would have qualified for the dividends-received deduction in the hands of the Fund if the Fund was a regular corporation.  Either none or only a nominal portion of the dividends paid by the Fund will be eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction because they invest primarily in foreign securities.

 

The availability of the dividends-received deduction is subject to certain holding period and debt financing restrictions imposed under the Code on the corporation claiming the deduction.  The amount that the Fund may designate as eligible for the dividends-received deduction will be reduced or eliminated if the shares on which the dividends earned by the Fund were debt-financed or held by the Fund for less than a minimum period of time, generally 46 days during a 91-day period beginning 45 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend.  Similarly, if your Fund shares are debt-financed or held by you for less than a 46-day period then the dividends-received deduction for Fund dividends on your shares may also be reduced or eliminated.  Even if designated as dividends eligible for the dividends-received deduction, all dividends (including any deducted portion) must be included in your alternative minimum taxable income calculation.

 

Investment in Complex Securities

 

The Fund may invest in complex securities (e.g., futures, options, forward currency contracts, short-sales, PFICs, etc.) that may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules.  These rules could affect whether gain or loss recognized by the Fund is treated as ordinary or capital, or as interest or dividend income.  These rules could also accelerate the recognition of income to the Fund (possibly causing the Fund to sell securities to raise the cash for necessary distributions).  These rules could defer the Fund’s ability to recognize a loss, and, in limited cases, subject the Fund to U.S. federal income tax on income from certain foreign securities.  These rules could, therefore, affect the amount, timing, or character of the income distributed to you by the Fund.  For example:

 

Derivatives.  The Fund may be permitted to invest in certain options, futures or forward currency contracts to hedge the Fund’s portfolio or for any other permissible purposes consistent with that Fund’s investment objective.  If the Fund makes these investments, it could be required to mark-to-market these contracts and realize any unrealized gains and losses at its fiscal year end even though it continues to hold the contracts.  Under these rules, gains or losses on the contracts generally would be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term gains or losses, but gains or losses on certain foreign currency contracts would be treated as ordinary income or losses.  In determining its net income for excise tax purposes, the Fund also would be required to mark-to-market these contracts annually as of October 31 (for capital gain net income and ordinary income arising from certain foreign currency contracts), and to realize and distribute any resulting income and gains.

 

Tax straddles.  The Fund’s investment in options, futures, forwards, or foreign currency contracts (or in substantially similar or related property) in connection with certain hedging transactions could cause it to hold offsetting positions in securities.  If the Fund’s risk of loss with respect to specific securities in its portfolio is substantially diminished by the fact that it holds other securities, the Fund could be deemed to have entered into a tax “straddle” or to hold a “successor position” that would require any loss realized by it to be deferred for tax purposes.

 

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Short sales and securities lending transactions.  The Fund’s entry into a short sale transaction or an option or other contract could be treated as the “constructive sale” of an “appreciated financial position,” causing it to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.  Additionally, the Fund’s entry into securities lending transactions may cause the replacement income earned on the loaned securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified dividend income.  This replacement income generally will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on qualified dividend income, and, to the extent that debt securities are loaned, will generally not qualify as qualified interest income for foreign withholding tax purposes.

 

Convertible debt.  Convertible debt is ordinarily treated as a “single property” consisting of a pure debt interest until conversion, after which the investment becomes an equity interest.  If the security is issued at a premium (i.e., for cash in excess of the face amount payable on retirement), the creditor-holder may amortize the premium over the life of the bond.  If the security is issued for cash at a price below its face amount, the creditor-holder must accrue original issue discount in income over the life of the debt.

 

Securities purchased at discount.  The Fund may be permitted to invest in securities issued or purchased at a discount such as zero coupon, deferred interest or payment-in-kind (PIK) bonds that could require it to accrue and distribute income not yet received.  If it invests in these securities, the Fund could be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise might have continued to hold in order to generate sufficient cash to make these distributions.

 

Credit default swap agreements.  The Fund may be permitted to enter into credit default swap agreements. The rules governing the tax aspects of swap agreements that provide for contingent nonperiodic payments of this type are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain aspects. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner deemed to be appropriate, the IRS might not accept such treatment. The Fund intends to monitor developments in this area.  Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for the Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in credit default swap agreements.

 

Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion income).  The Fund may invest in U.S.-REITs that hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or which are, or have certain wholly-owned subsidiaries that are, “taxable mortgage pools.” A portion of the Fund’s income from a U.S.-REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a REMIC or equity interests in a taxable mortgage pool (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as the Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or, if applicable, taxable mortgage pool directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay

 

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tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (which generally includes certain cooperatives, governmental entities and tax-exempt organizations that are not subject to tax on UBTI) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations.

 

The rules concerning excess inclusion income are complex and unduly burdensome in their current form, and the Fund is awaiting further guidance from the IRS on how these rules are to be implemented. Shareholders should talk to their tax advisors about whether an investment in the Fund is a suitable investment given the potential tax consequences of the Fund’s receipt and distribution of excess inclusion income.

 

Investments in securities of uncertain tax character.  The Fund may invest in securities the U.S. federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS.  To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected by the Fund, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the Fund, requiring the Fund to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.

 

Backup Withholding

 

By law, the Fund must withhold a portion of your taxable distributions and redemption proceeds unless you provide your correct social security or taxpayer identification number, certify that this number is correct, certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, and certify that you are a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien).  The Fund also must withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so.  The special U.S. tax certification requirements applicable to non-U.S. investors are described under the “Non-U.S. Investors” heading below.

 

Non-U.S. Investors

 

Non-U.S. investors (shareholders who, as to the United States, are nonresident alien individuals, foreign trusts or estates, foreign corporations, or foreign partnerships) may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors about the applicability of U.S. tax withholding and the use of the appropriate forms to certify their status.

 

In general. The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a withholding tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends, including on income dividends paid to you by the Fund, but not on capital gain dividends.  However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any dividends and distributions of income and capital gains, including the proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares, will be subject to backup withholding if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.

 

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Capital gain dividends. In general, a capital gain dividend designated by the Fund and paid from its net long-term capital gains, other than long- or short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see the discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.

 

Investment in U.S. real property.  The Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in U.S. real property, including U.S. Real Estate Investment Trusts (U.S.-REIT). The sale of a U.S. real property interest (USRPI) by a U.S.-REIT in which the Fund invests may trigger special tax consequences to the Fund’s non-U.S. shareholders.

 

In general, U.S. federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-U.S. shareholder in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, exempt-interest dividends, or upon the sale or other disposition of Fund shares.

 

For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2012, distributions that the Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “long-term capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient foreign shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain received from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation and the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceeded certain levels. Instead, if the foreign shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by the Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the foreign shareholder; if the foreign shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 35% withholding tax and could subject the foreign shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a foreign shareholder realizing gains upon redemption from the Fund on or before December 31, 2011 could be subject to the 35% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of the Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the foreign person had not held more than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.

 

In addition, the same rules apply with respect to distributions to a foreign shareholder from the Fund and redemptions of a foreign shareholder’s interest in the Fund attributable to a REIT’s distribution to the Fund of gain from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation, if the Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels. The rule with respect to distributions and redemptions attributable to a REIT’s distribution to the Fund will not expire for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2012.

 

The rules laid out in the previous two paragraphs, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding the Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.

 

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Shares of the Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.

 

Because the Fund expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, the Fund expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of Fund shares nor Fund dividends and distributions would be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.

 

U.S tax certification rules. Special U.S. tax certification requirements apply to non-U.S. shareholders both to avoid U.S. backup withholding and to obtain the benefits of any treaty between the United States and the shareholder’s country of residence.  In general, a non-U.S. shareholder must provide a Form W-8BEN (or other applicable Form W-8) to establish that you are not a U.S. person, to claim that you are the beneficial owner of the income and, if applicable, to claim a reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding as a resident of a country with which the United States has an income tax treaty.  A Form W-8BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number will remain in effect for a period beginning on the date signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year unless an earlier change of circumstances makes the information on the form incorrect.

 

Withholding. Beginning in 2014, a withholding tax of 30% will apply to payments of Fund dividends and, beginning in 2015, payments of gross proceeds of Fund redemptions paid to non-U.S. shareholders, unless such non-U.S. shareholders comply with certain reporting requirements to the IRS and/or the Fund as to identifying information (including name, address and taxpayer identification number) of direct and indirect U.S. owners.

 

The tax consequences to a non-U.S. shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein.  Non-U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, including the applicability of foreign tax.

 

Reporting

 

If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

Effect of Future Legislation; Local Tax Considerations

 

The foregoing general discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Statement of Additional Information. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and any such changes or decisions may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein. Rules of state and local

 

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taxation of ordinary income, qualified dividend income and capital gain dividends may differ from the rules for U.S. federal income taxation described above. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation. Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting investment in the Fund.

 

This discussion of “ADDITIONAL GENERAL TAX INFORMATION FOR THE FUND” is not intended or written to be used as tax advice and does not purport to deal with all U.S. federal tax consequences applicable to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules.  You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund.

 

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

 

Prior to the date of this SAI, the Fund had not yet commenced operations and the Fund did not have any shareholders.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

[   ] is the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm.  [   ] will audit the Fund’s annual financial statements, once the Fund becomes operational.  A copy of the Fund’s Annual Report, once available, may be obtained upon request and without charge by writing or by calling 866-667-9231.

 

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APPENDIX A- PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

DESCRIPTION OF COMPENSATION STRUCTURE

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. (“Adviser”) and Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited (“AAML”)

 

The following is a description of the compensation structure for portfolio managers employed by Aberdeen Asset Management PLC and its subsidiaries, including the Registrant’s Investment Manager, its Adviser and its affiliated Subadviser (the “Aberdeen Group”) as of October 31, 2011.

 

The Aberdeen Group recognizes the importance of compensation in attracting and retaining talent and has structured remuneration to include an attractive base salary, a discretionary bonus that is directly linked to one’s contribution to the overall success of the Aberdeen Group and a long-term incentive plan for key staff members comprised of a mixture of cash, options, and shares.  Overall compensation packages are designed to be competitive relative to investment management industry standards.

 

The compensation policy has been designed to deliver additional rewards through appropriate incentive schemes, both annual and long term.  These are directly linked to performance at both a corporate and an individual level.   The policy seeks to reward performance in a manner which aligns the interests of clients, shareholders and executives.

 

Each Aberdeen Group member recognizes that any remuneration policy must be sufficiently flexible to take into account any changes in the business environment.  In accordance with this need for flexibility, the Aberdeen Group takes into account the overall competitiveness of the total remuneration package of all senior executives including some portfolio managers.

 

Base Salary

The base salary is determined by prevailing market conditions and the compensation for similar positions across the industry.  The Aberdeen Group uses industry compensation surveys as a tool in determining each portfolio manager’s base salary.

 

Annual Bonus

The Aberdeen Group’s policy is to recognize corporate and individual achievements each year through an appropriate bonus scheme.  The aggregate incentive compensation pool each year is determined by the Board of the parent company, Aberdeen PLC, and is dependent on each member of the Aberdeen Group’s overall performance and profitability. The pool is comprised of a base level plus an agreed proportion of each member of the Aberdeen Group’s profitability.

 

Staff performance is reviewed formally once a year. The review process evaluates the various aspects that the individual has contributed to the Aberdeen Group, and specifically,

 

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in the case of portfolio managers, to the relevant investment team. Discretionary bonuses are based on client service, asset growth and the performance of the respective portfolio manager. Overall participation in team meetings, generation of original research ideas and contribution to presenting the team externally are also evaluated. Discretionary bonuses are not formally laid down and generally range from 10% to 50% of annual salary for portfolio managers.

 

In the calculation of the portfolio management teams’ bonus, the Aberdeen Group takes into consideration investment matters (which include the performance of funds, adherence to the company investment process, and quality of company meetings) as well as more subjective issues such as team participation and effectiveness at client presentations.  The split between the two will vary but generally 80% of bonus will be determined by investment related matters, the remaining 20% will be more subjective in nature.  To the extent performance is factored in, such performance is not judged against any specific benchmark and is evaluated over a broad time frame.  The pre- or after-tax performance of an individual account is not specifically considered in the determination of a portfolio manager’s discretionary bonus; rather the review process evaluates the overall performance of the team for all of the accounts they manage.

 

Portfolio manager performance on investment matters are judged over all of the accounts the portfolio manager contributes to and is documented in the appraisal process.  A combination of the team’s and individual’s performance is considered and evaluated.

 

Although performance is not a substantial portion of a portfolio manager’s compensation, the Aberdeen Group also recognizes that fund performance can often be driven by factors outside one’s control, such as (irrational) markets, and as such pays attention to the effort by portfolio managers to ensure integrity of our core process by sticking to disciplines and processes set, regardless of momentum and ‘hot’ themes.  Short-terming is thus discouraged and trading-oriented managers will thus find it difficult to thrive in the Aberdeen Group’s environment.  Additionally, if any of the aforementioned undue risks were to be taken by a portfolio manager, such trend would be identified via Aberdeen’s dynamic compliance monitoring system.

 

Long-Term Incentives

As part of an effective remuneration package, a long-term incentive plan is used to structure the package so as to retain, motivate, and reward key staff members with a view to improving their performance and thereby increasing the value of the Aberdeen Group for the benefit of shareholders. Long-term incentive plans can be either cash or share based and typically vest over a three year period.

 

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OTHER MANAGED ACCOUNTS

 

The following chart summarizes information regarding accounts other than the Fund for which each portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities.  Accounts are grouped into the following three categories: (1) mutual funds; (2) other pooled investment vehicles; and (3) other accounts.  To the extent that any of these accounts pay advisory fees that are based on account performance (“performance-based fees”), information on those accounts is provided separately. The figures in the chart below for the category of “mutual funds” do not include the Fund listed under each portfolio manager’s name in the opposite column.

 

Name of Portfolio Manager

 

Number of Other Accounts Managed by Each
Portfolio Manager and Total Assets (in millions) by
Category (as of October 31, 2011)

Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited

 

 

Kevin Daly

 

Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Mutual Funds: 8 accounts, $695.8 total assets
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 102 accounts, $15,868.8 total assets
Other Accounts: 264 accounts, $40,929.9 total assets (6 accounts, $952.8 total assets of which the advisory fee is based on performance)

Brett Diment

 

Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Mutual Funds: 8 accounts, $695.8 total assets
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 102 accounts, $15,868.8 total assets
Other Accounts: 264 accounts, $40,929.9 total assets (6 accounts, $952.8 total assets of which the advisory fee is based on performance)

Edwin Gutierrez

 

Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Mutual Funds: 8 accounts, $695.8 total assets
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 102 accounts, $15,868.8 total assets
Other Accounts: 264 accounts, $40,929.9 total assets (6 accounts, $952.8 total assets of which the advisory fee is based on performance)

Viktor Szabó

 

Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Mutual Funds: 8 accounts, $695.8 total assets
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 102 accounts, $15,868.8 total assets
Other Accounts: 264 accounts, $40,929.9 total assets (6 accounts, $952.8 total assets of which the advisory fee is based on performance)

Max Wolman

 

Emerging Markets Debt Fund

 

Mutual Funds: 8 accounts, $695.8 total assets
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 102 accounts, $15,868.8 total assets
Other Accounts: 264 accounts, $40,929.9 total assets (6 accounts, $952.8 total assets of which the advisory fee is based on performance)

 

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POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. and Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited

 

The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have the same investment objective as the Fund. Therefore, a potential conflict of interest may arise as a result of the identical investment objectives, whereby the portfolio manager could favor one account over another.  However, the Adviser believes that these risks are mitigated by the fact that: (i) accounts with like investment strategies managed by a particular portfolio manager are generally managed in a similar fashion, subject to exceptions to account for particular investment restrictions or policies applicable only to certain accounts, differences in cash flows and account sizes, and similar factors; and (ii) portfolio manager personal trading is monitored to avoid potential conflicts. In addition, the Adviser and the Subadviser have adopted trade allocation procedures that require equitable allocation of trade orders for a particular security among participating accounts.

 

In some cases, another account managed by the same portfolio manager may compensate Aberdeen based on the performance of the portfolio held by that account.  The existence of such a performance-based fee may create additional conflicts of interest for the portfolio manager in the allocation of management time, resources and investment opportunities.

 

Another potential conflict could include instances in which securities considered as investments for the Fund also may be appropriate for other investment accounts managed by the Adviser or its affiliates.  Whenever decisions are made to buy or sell securities by the Fund and one or more of the other accounts simultaneously, the Adviser or the Subadviser may aggregate the purchases and sales of the securities and will allocate the securities transactions in a manner that it believes to be equitable under the circumstances. As a result of the allocations, there may be instances where the Fund will not participate in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts. While these aggregation and allocation policies could have a detrimental effect on the price or amount of the securities available to the Fund from time to time, it is the opinion of the Adviser and Subadviser that the benefits from the Adviser and the Subadviser organization outweigh any disadvantage that may arise from exposure to simultaneous transactions.  The Trust has adopted policies that are designed to eliminate or minimize conflicts of interest, although there is no guarantee that procedures adopted under such policies will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.

 

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APPENDIX B — DEBT RATINGS

 

STANDARD & POOR’S DEBT RATINGS

 

A Standard & Poor’s corporate or municipal debt rating is a current assessment of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation.  This assessment may take into consideration obligors such as guarantors, insurers, or lessees.

 

The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a security, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.  The ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by Standard & Poor’s from other sources it considers reliable.  Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information.  The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or for other circumstances.

 

The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:

 

1. Likelihood of default - capacity and willingness of the obligor as to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation.

 

2. Nature of and provisions of the obligation.

 

3. Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting.

 

INVESTMENT GRADE

 

AAA - Debt rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s.  Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.

 

AA - Debt rated “AA” has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in small degree.

 

A - Debt rated “A” has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.

 

BBB - Debt rated “BBB” is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal.  Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.

 

B-1



 

SPECULATIVE GRADE

 

Debt rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, “CC” and “C” is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal.  “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest.  While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB - Debt rated “BB” is less vulnerable to default than other speculative issues.  However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments.

 

B - Debt rated “B” has a greater vulnerability to default than obligations rated BB but currently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments.  Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal.

 

CCC - Debt rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal.  In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal.

 

CC - Debt rated “CC” typically is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 

C - Debt rated “C” signifies that a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.

 

D - Debt rated “D” is in payment default.  The “D” rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grade period.  The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.

 

MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE INC. (“Moody’s”) LONG-TERM DEBT RATINGS

 

Aaa - Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality.  They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edged.”  Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure.  While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa - Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards.  Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds.  They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risk appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.

 

B-2



 

A - Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium grade obligations.  Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.

 

Baa - Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured).  Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time.  Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

Ba - Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered well-assured.  Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future.  Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

 

B - Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment.  Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

Caa - Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing.  Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

 

Ca - Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree.  Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

 

C - Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

STATE AND MUNICIPAL NOTES

 

Excerpts from Moody’s description of state and municipal note ratings:

 

MIG-1- Notes bearing this designation are of the best quality, enjoying strong protection from established cash flows of funds for their servicing from established and board-based access to the market for refinancing, or both.

 

MIG-2- Notes bearing this designation are of high quality, with margins of protection ample although not so large as in the preceding group.

 

MIG-3- Notes bearing this designation are of favorable quality, with all security elements accounted for but lacking the strength of the preceding grade.  Market access for refinancing, in particular, is likely to be less well established.

 

B-3



 

FITCH, INC.  BOND RATINGS

 

Fitch investment grade bond ratings provide a guide to investors in determining the credit risk associated with a particular security.  The ratings represent Fitch’s assessment of the issuer’s ability to meet the obligations of a specific debt issue or class of debt in a timely manner.

 

The rating takes into consideration special features of the issue, its relationship to other obligations of the issuer, the current and prospective financial condition and operating performance of the issuer and any guarantor, as well as the economic and political environment that might affect the issuer’s future financial strength and credit quality.

 

Fitch ratings do not reflect any credit enhancement that may be provided by insurance policies or financial guaranties unless otherwise indicated.

 

Bonds that have the same rating are of similar but not necessarily identical credit quality since the rating categories do not fully reflect small differences in the degrees of credit risk.

 

Fitch ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold any security ratings do not comment on the adequacy of market price, the suitability of any security for a particular investor, or the tax-exempt nature or taxability of payments made in respect of any security.

 

Fitch ratings are based on information obtained from issuers, other obligors, underwriters, their experts, and other sources Fitch believes to be reliable.  Fitch does not audit or verify the truth or accuracy of such information.  Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or the unavailability of, information or for other reasons.

 

AAA Bonds considered investment grade and representing the lowest expectation of credit risk.  The obligor has an exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, a capacity that is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

AA Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality.  This rating indicates a very strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, a capacity that is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

A Bonds considered to be investment grade and represent a low expectation of credit risk.  This rating indicates a strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.  This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in economic conditions or circumstances than long term debt with higher ratings.

 

BBB Bonds considered to be in the lowest investment grade and indicates that there is currently low expectation of credit risk.  The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances are more likely to impair this capacity.

 

BB Bonds are considered speculative.  This rating indicates that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic changes over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.  Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.

 

B-4



 

B Bonds are considered highly speculative.  This rating indicates that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains.  Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

CCC, CC Bonds are considered a high default risk.  Default is a real and C possibility.  Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic developments.  A “CC” rating indicates that default of some kind appears probable.  “C” rating signal imminent default.

 

DDD, DD Bonds are in default.  Such bonds are not meeting current and D obligations and are extremely speculative.  “DDD” designates the highest potential for recovery of amounts outstanding on any securities involved and “D” represents the lowest potential for recovery.

 

SHORT-TERM RATINGS

 

STANDARD & POOR’S COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS

 

A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt considered short-term in the relevant market.

 

Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from `A-1’ for the highest quality obligations to “D” for the lowest.  These categories are as follows:

 

A-1 - This highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong.  Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.

 

A-2 - Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory.  However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated “A-1”.

 

A-3 - Issues carrying this designation have adequate capacity for timely payment.  They are, however, more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.

 

B - Issues rated “B” are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely payment.

 

C - This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with doubtful capacity for payment.

 

D - Debt rated “D” is in payment default.  The “D” rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due, even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grade period.

 

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STANDARD & POOR’S NOTE RATINGS

 

A Standard & Poor’s note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market-access risks unique to notes.  Notes maturing in three years or less will likely receive a note rating.  Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating.

 

The following criteria will be used in making the assessment:

 

1.  Amortization schedule - the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely the issue is to be treated as a note.

 

2.  Source of payment - the more the issue depends on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it is to be considered a note.

 

Note rating symbols and definitions are as follows:

 

SP-1 - Strong capacity to pay principal and interest.  Issues determined to possess very strong capacity to pay principal and interest are given a plus (+) designation.

 

SP-2 - Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

 

SP-3 - Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

 

MOODY’S SHORT-TERM RATINGS

 

Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions on the ability of issuers to repay punctually senior debt obligations.  These obligations have an original maturity not exceeding one year, unless explicitly noted.  Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:

 

Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior capacity for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations.  Prime-1 repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics: (I) leading market positions in well established industries, (II) high rates of return on funds employed, (III) conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection, (IV) broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation, and (V) well established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternative liquidity.

 

Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations.  This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above, but to a lesser degree.  Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variation.  Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions.  Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

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Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations.  The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced.  Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage.  Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.

 

Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the prime rating categories.

 

MOODY’S NOTE RATINGS

 

MIG 1/VMIG 1 - This designation denotes best quality.  There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad based access to the market for refinancing.

 

MIG 2/VMIG 2 - This designation denotes high quality.  Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.

 

MIG 3/VMIG 3 - This designation denotes favorable quality.  All security elements are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades.  Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.

 

SG - This designation denotes speculative quality.  Debt instruments in this category lack margins of protection.

 

FITCH’S SHORT-TERM RATINGS

 

Fitch’s short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable on demand or have original maturities of up to three years, including commercial paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and municipal and investment notes.

 

The short-term rating places greater emphasis than a long-term rating on the existence of liquidity necessary to meet the issuer’s obligations in a timely manner.

 

F-1+ - Exceptionally strong credit quality.  Issues assigned this rating are regarded as having the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment.

 

F-1 - Very strong credit quality.  Issues assigned this rating reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less in degree than issues rated F-1+.

 

F-2 - Good credit quality.  Issues assigned this rating have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues assigned F-1+ and F-1 ratings.

 

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APPENDIX C - PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES SUMMARIES

 

ABERDEEN ASSET MANAGEMENT INC. AND ABERDEEN ASSET MANAGERS LIMITED

 

Summary of Proxy Voting Guidelines

 

Aberdeen and its affiliated U.S. registered advisers (the “Aberdeen Advisers”) have adopted a proxy voting policy. The proxy voting policy is designed and implemented in a way that is reasonably expected to ensure that proxies are voted in the economic best interests of clients, that is, the common interest that all clients share in seeing the value of a common investment increase over time. Proxies are voted with the aim of furthering the best economic interests of clients, promoting high levels of corporate governance and adequate disclosure of company policies, activities and returns, including fair and equal treatment of stockholders.

 

The Aberdeen Advisers seek to develop relationships with the management of portfolio companies to encourage transparency and improvements in the treatment of employees, owners and stakeholders.  Thus, the Aberdeen Advisers may engage in dialogue with the management of portfolio companies with respect to pending proxy voting issues. In voting proxies, the Adviser may conduct research internally and/or use the resources of an independent research consultant.  The Aberdeen Adviser may consider legislative materials, studies of corporate governance and other proxy voting issues, and/or analyses of shareholder and management proposals by a certain sector of companies, e.g., Fortune 500 companies.

 

The proxy voting policy is a guideline.  Each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the contractual obligations under the advisory agreement or comparable document, and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote.  The Aberdeen Advisers may cast proxy votes in favor of management proposals or seek to change the views of management, considering specific issues as they arise on their merits.  The Aberdeen Advisers may also join with other investment managers in seeking to submit a shareholder proposal to a company or to oppose a proposal submitted by the company.  Such action may be based on fundamental, social, environmental or human rights grounds.

 

Material conflicts are resolved in the best interest of clients.  A material conflict of interest includes those circumstances when the Adviser or any member of senior management, portfolio manager or portfolio analyst knowingly does business with a particular proxy issuer or closely affiliated entity, which may appear to create a material conflict between the interests of the Adviser and the interests of its clients in how proxies of that issuer are voted.  A material conflict of interest might also exist in unusual circumstances when the Adviser has actual knowledge of a material business arrangement between a particular proxy issuer or closely affiliated entity and an affiliate of the Adviser.

 

When a material conflict of interest between the Aberdeen Adviser and its client(s) is identified, the Aberdeen Adviser may choose among the following options to eliminate such conflict:  (1) vote in accordance with the proxy voting policy if it involves little or no discretion; (2) vote as

 

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recommended by a third party service if the Aberdeen Adviser utilizes such a service; (3) “echo vote” or “mirror vote” the proxies in the same proportion as the votes of other proxy holders that are not the Aberdeen Adviser’s clients; (4) if possible, erect information barriers around the person or persons making voting decisions sufficient to insulate the decision from the conflict; (5) if practical, notify affected clients of the conflict of interest and seek a waiver of the conflict; or (6) if agreed upon in writing with the client, forward the proxies to affected clients allowing them to vote their own proxies.

 

In certain circumstances, the Aberdeen Advisers may take a limited role in voting proxies. Some of these circumstances may include when the effect on shareholders’ economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is indeterminable or insignificant; for cost reasons (e.g., non-U.S. securities); if the securities are on loan; or if a jurisdictions has imposed share-blocking restrictions that prevents the Aberdeen Adviser from exercising its voting authority.

 

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PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28.                                                    Exhibits

 

(a)                                  (1) Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Registrant is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on March 13, 2008 (Accession Number 0001104659-08-017390) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 1”).

 

(a)                                    Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Registrant is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.a. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on June 23, 2008 (Accession Number 0001193125-08-138324) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 2”).

 

(b)                                   Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen Core Plus Income Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.b. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on November 6, 2008 (Accession Number 0001421877-08-000264) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 5”).

 

(c)                                    Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen Global Fixed Income Fund, Aberdeen Global Small Cap Fund, Aberdeen International Focus Fund, Aberdeen International Focus Portfolio and Aberdeen Asia Bond Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.c. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 22, 2009 (Accession Number 0001104659-09-025445) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 11”).

 

(d)                                   Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Class of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen Emerging Markets Institutional Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.d. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on July 20, 2009 (Accession Number 0001104659-09-043743) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 14”).

 

(e)                                    Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen Asia-Pacific (ex-Japan) Institutional Fund and Institutional Service

 



 

Class for the Aberdeen International Equity Institutional Fund, Aberdeen Asia Bond Institutional Fund and Aberdeen Emerging Markets Institutional Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.e. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 28, 2009 (Accession Number 0001135428-09-000523) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 19”).

 

(f)                                      Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Local Currency Fund, Aberdeen Global High Yield Bond Fund and Aberdeen Ultra-Short Duration Bond Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.f. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 4, 2010 (Accession Number 0001104659-10-051121) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 28”).

 

(g)                                   Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Smaller Companies Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.g. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on April 4, 2011 (Accession Number 0001104659-11-018407) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 34”).

 

(h)                                   Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen U.S. Equity I Fund and Aberdeen U.S. Equity II Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.g. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on August 12, 2011 (Accession Number 0001104659-11-046544) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 39”).

 

(i)                                       Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen U.S. High Yield Bond Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.a.1.g. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on December 15, 2011 (Accession Number 0001104659-11-069674) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 43”).

 

(j)                                       Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes of Aberdeen Funds establishing the Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.a.1.j.

 

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(2) Certificate of Trust of Registrant, as filed with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on September 27, 2007, is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on October 12, 2007 (Accession Number 0001137439-07-000471).

 

(b)                                 Amended and Restated By-Laws of Registrant are incorporated by reference to Pre-effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on January 18, 2008 (Accession Number 0001386893-08-000026) (“Pre-effective Amendment No. 1”).

 

(c)                                  (1) See Article III, “Shares,” and Article V, “Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings,” of Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.

 

(2) See Article II, “Meetings of Shareholders,” of Registrant’s Amended and Restated By-Laws.

 

(d)                                 (1) Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. (“AAMI”) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.d.1. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 filed on June 23, 2008.

 

(a)                                    Exhibit A to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and AAMI is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.d.1.a.

 

(2) Subadvisory Agreement between AAMI and Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.d.3. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on October 4, 2010.

 

(3) Subadvisory Agreement between Registrant and Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.d.3.

 

(a)                                    Exhibit A to the Subadvisory Agreement between Registrant Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.d.3.a.

 

(e)                                  (1) Underwriting Agreement between Registrant and Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.e.1. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 filed on June 23, 2008.

 

(a)                                    Schedule A to the Underwriting Agreement between Registrant and Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.e.1.a.

 

(2) Form of Dealer Agreement is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.e.2.

 

(f)                                    Not Applicable.

 

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(g)                                 (1) Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.g. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on July 12, 2010 (Accession No. 0001104659-10-037599) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 26”).

 

(a)                                    Additional Funds Letter to the Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company to be filed by amendment.

 

(h)                                 (1) Fund Administration Agreement between Registrant and AAMI is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.h.1. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 filed on June 23, 2008.

 

(a)                                    Exhibit B to Fund Administration Agreement between Registrant and AAMI is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.h.1.a.

 

(2) Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.h.2. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 filed on August 12, 2011.

 

(a)                             Amended Schedule A to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. to be filed by amendment.

 

(3) Sub-Administration Agreement between AAMI and State Street Bank and Trust Company is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.h.3 of Post-Effective Amendment No. 26. filed on July 12, 2010.

 

(a)                             Additional Funds Letter and Updated Schedule A to the Sub-Administration Agreement between AAMI and State Street Bank and Trust Company to be filed by amendment.

 

(4) Administrative Services Plan is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.h.4. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 6, 2009 (Accession Number 0001386893-09-000028).

 

(a)                                    Exhibit A to the Administrative Services Plan is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.h.4.a.

 

(5) Form of Servicing Agreement is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.h.5.

 

(6) Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement is incorporated by reference to Exhibit—99.h.6. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 on December 7, 2010 (Accession Number 0001104659-11-011030).

 

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(a)                                  Exhibit A to the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.h.6.a.

 

(i)                                     (1) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for initial 26 Funds (Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 filed on June 23, 2008.

 

(2) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen Core Plus Income Fund and Aberdeen Core Income Fund (Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i.2. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 filed on July 20, 2009.

 

(3) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen Asia Bond Institutional Fund, Aberdeen Global Fixed Income Fund, Aberdeen Global Small Cap Fund and Aberdeen International Equity Institutional Fund (Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i.3. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 filed on July 20, 2009.

 

(4) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen Emerging Markets Institutional Fund (Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i.4. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 filed on July 20, 2009.

 

(5) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Institutional Service Class Shares of Aberdeen Asia Bond Institutional Fund, Aberdeen International Equity Institutional Fund and Aberdeen Emerging Markets Institutional Fund (Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i.5. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on November 6, 2009 (Accession Number 0001421877-09-000283) (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 21”).

 

(6) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen Asia-Pacific (ex-Japan) Equity Institutional Fund (Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP) is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i.6. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 filed on November 6, 2009.

 

(7) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Local Currency Fund, Aberdeen Global High Yield Bond Fund and Aberdeen Ultra-Short Duration Bond Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i.7. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on October 4, 2010.

 

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(8) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Smaller Companies Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i.8. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 filed on April 4, 2011.

 

(9) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen U.S. Equity I Fund and Aberdeen U.S. Equity II Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.i.7. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 filed on August 12, 2011.

 

(10) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen U.S. High Yield Bond Fund is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.h.i.10. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 filed on December 15, 2011.

 

(11) Opinion and Consent of Counsel that shares will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable for the Aberdeen Emerging Markets Debt Fund is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.i.11.

 

(j)                                     Not Applicable.

 

(k)                                  Not Applicable.

 

(l)                                     Initial Capital Agreement between Registrant and AAMI is incorporated by reference to Pre-effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on February 5, 2008 (Accession No. 000137439-08-000064).

 

(m)                               Distribution Plan is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.m.

 

(n)                                 Rule 18f-3 Plan is filed herewith as Exhibit EX-99.n.

 

(o)                                 Reserved.

 

(p)                                 (1) Code of Ethics of Registrant is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.p.1. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 filed on December 15, 2011.

 

(2) Code of Ethics of AAMI, Aberdeen Asset Management Investment Services Limited and Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.p.2. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 filed on October 4, 2010.

 

(3) Code of Ethics of Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.p.3. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 filed on February 27, 2012.

 

(q)                                 (1) Power of Attorney with respect to the Trust for P. Gerald Malone, Warren C. Smith, Richard H. McCoy, Jack Solan, Peter D. Sacks, Martin Gilbert, Neville

 

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Miles, and John T. Sheehy is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.q.1. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 filed on December 15, 2011.

 

(2) Power of Attorney with respect to the Trust for Gary Marshall, Andrea Melia, Alan Goodson, Megan Kennedy, Jennifer Nichols, Lucia Sitar and Tim Sullivan is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.q.2. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 filed on December 15, 2011.

 

(3) Certificate of Secretary is incorporated by reference to Exhibit EX-99.q.3. of Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 filed on February 27, 2012.

 

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant.

 

No person is controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.

 

Item 30.                                                    Indemnification

 

(a)                                  Article VII, Section 2 of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (“Trust Declaration”) provides that the Registrant (the “Trust”), out of the Trust Property, shall indemnify and hold harmless each and every officer and trustee from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever arising out of or related to such officer’s or trustee’s performance of his or her duties as an officer or trustee of the Trust.  This limitation on liability applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a trustee or officer of the Trust whether or not such person is a trustee or officer at the time of any proceeding in which liability is asserted.  Nothing in the Trust Declaration shall indemnify, hold harmless or protect any officer or trustee from or against any liability to the Trust or any shareholder to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office (such conduct referred to herein as “Disqualifying Conduct”).

 

For the purpose of this indemnification and limitation of liability, “Agent” means any person who is or was a trustee, officer, employee or other agent of the Trust or is or was serving at the request of the Trust as a trustee, director, officer, employee or other agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise; “Proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative.  To the fullest extent that limitations on the liability of Agents are permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended, and other applicable law, the Agents shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any act or omission of any other Agent of the Trust or any investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust.  No amendment or repeal of Article VII of the Trust Declaration regarding indemnification shall adversely affect any right or protection of an Agent that exists at the time of such amendment or repeal.

 

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(b)                                 The Registrant’s Trust Declaration provides that to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the officers and Trustees shall be entitled and have the authority to purchase with Trust Property, insurance for liability and for all expenses reasonably incurred or paid or expected to be paid by a Trustee or officer in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which such Person becomes involved by virtue of such Person’s capacity or former capacity with the Trust, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability under the provisions of Article VII of the Trust Declaration.

 

(c)                                  In addition, indemnification against certain liabilities of the Registrant’s trustees and officers and the Registrant’s sub-advisers, administrator, principal underwriter and custodian are provided in: (1) Section 7(b) of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Aberdeen Asset Management, Inc. (“AAMI”) (2) Section 10 of the Sub-Advisory Agreements among the Registrant, AAMI and each of the following sub-advisers; (a) Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited and (b) Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited; (3) Section 9(a) and (b) of the Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC; (4) Section 8 of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between the Registrant and Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. and (g) Section 17 of the Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company.  Generally, such indemnification does not apply to any liabilities by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence and reckless disregard of duties.  These Agreements are incorporated herein by references to Item 28.

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser.

 

The Registrant’s investment adviser, Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. (“AAMI”), is a Delaware corporation. In addition to providing investment advisory services to registered management investment companies, AAMI provides investment advisory services to individual accounts.  Additional information as to AAMI and the directors and officers of AAMI is included in AAMI’s Form ADV filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (File No. 801-49966), which is incorporated herein by reference and sets forth the officers and directors of AAMI and information as to any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by AAMI and such officers and directors during the past two years.

 

The Registrant’s subadviser, Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited (“AAML”), is a Scottish company. Additional information as to AAML and the directors and officers of AAML is included in AAML’s Form ADV filed with the SEC (File No. 801-75074), which is incorporated herein by reference and sets forth the officers and directors of AAML and information as to any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by AAML and such officers and directors during the past two years.

 

The Registrant’s subadviser, Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited (“AAMAL”), is a Singapore corporation. Additional information as to AAMAL and the directors and officers of AAMAL is included in AAMAL’s Form ADV filed with the SEC (File No. 801-62020), which is incorporated herein by reference and sets forth the officers and directors of AAMAL and

 

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information as to any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by AAMAL and such officers and directors during the past two years.

 

Item 32. Principal Underwriters.

 

(a)                                Aberdeen Fund Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) does not act as principal underwriter for any other investment companies.

 

(b)

 

Name

 

Position with
Underwriter

 

Position with Registrant

Nigel Storer

1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Chief Executive Officer and Principal

 

None

 

 

 

 

 

Jeffrey Cotton

1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Chief Compliance Officer and Principal

 

None

 

 

 

 

 

James McDermott

1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Controller

 

None

 

 

 

 

 

Andrew Smith

1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

Chief Operating Officer

 

None

 

(c)                                  Not Applicable.

 

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records.

 

All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021 with the exception of those maintained by the Registrant’s investment adviser, Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. at 1735 Market Street, 32nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

 

Item 34. Management Services.

 

Not Applicable.

 

Item 35. Undertakings.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions described in response to Item 30, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or

 

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controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Philadelphia, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on the 15th day of June, 2012.

 

 

Aberdeen Funds

 

Registrant

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Gary Marshall(1)

 

 

Gary Marshall

 

 

President of Aberdeen Funds

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 

 

Name

 

Title

 

Date

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Gary Marshall(1)

 

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

June 15, 2012

 

Gary Marshall

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Andrea Melia(1)

 

Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer

 

June 15, 2012

 

Andrea Melia

 

And Principal Accounting Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ P. Gerald Malone(1)

 

Chairman of the Board

 

June 15, 2012

 

P. Gerald Malone

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Richard H. McCoy(1)

 

Trustee

 

June 15, 2012

 

Richard H. McCoy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Peter D. Sacks(1)

 

Trustee

 

June 15, 2012

 

Peter D. Sacks

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ John T. Sheehy(1)

 

Trustee

 

June 15, 2012

 

John T. Sheehy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Warren C. Smith(1)

 

Trustee

 

June 15, 2012

 

Warren C. Smith

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Jack Solan(1)

 

Trustee

 

June 15, 2012

 

Jack Solan

 

 

 

 

 


(1)      Pursuant to a power of attorney incorporated herein by reference.

 

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Name

 

Title

 

Date

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Neville Miles(1)

 

Trustee

 

June 15, 2012

 

Neville Miles

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Martin Gilbert(1)

 

Trustee

 

June 15, 2012

 

Martin Gilbert

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Lucia Sitar

 

 

 

 

 

Lucia Sitar

 

 

 

 

 

Attorney In Fact

 

 

 

 

 

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EXHIBIT LIST

 

Exhibit Number

 

Exhibit

 

 

 

EX-99.a.1.j

 

Certificate of Establishment and Designation of Additional Series and Share Classes

 

 

 

EX-99.d.1.a

 

Exhibit A to the Investment Advisory Agreement

 

 

 

EX-99.d.3.

 

Subadvisory Agreement

 

 

 

EX-99.e.1.a

 

Schedule A to the Underwriting Agreement

 

 

 

EX-99.e.2

 

Form of Dealer Agreement

 

 

 

EX-99.h.1.a

 

Exhibit B to the Fund Administration Agreement

 

 

 

EX-99.h.4.a

 

Exhibit A to the Administrative Services Plan

 

 

 

EX-99.h.5

 

Form of Servicing Agreement

 

 

 

EX-99.h.6.a

 

Exhibit A to the Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement

 

 

 

EX-99.i.11

 

Opinion and Consent of Counsel

 

 

 

EX-99.m

 

Distribution Plan

 

 

 

EX-99.n

 

Rule 18f-3

 

13