Additional Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Additional Information [Abstract]

Additional Information

Additional Information:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2017			2016			2015
Research and development expense	$	453		$	429		$	423
Advertising expense	$	830		$	405		$	448
Foreign currency net transaction losses	$	49		$	272		$	102
Interest expense	$	1,096		$	1,069		$	1,132
Interest income	(182		)	(178		)	(124		)
Interest expense, net	$	914		$	891		$	1,008
Rent expense	$	313		$	284		$	286

Minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases in effect at December 31, 2017, were as follows:

(in millions)
2018	$	179
2019	125
2020	94
2021	58
2022	37
Thereafter	356
	$	849