Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net:

Goodwill and other intangible assets, net, by segment were as follows:



	Goodwill				Other Intangible Assets, net
(in millions)	December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
European Union	$	1,238	$	1,310	$	479	$	516
Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa	372		374		200		201
Asia	3,596		3,581		1,074		1,087
Latin America & Canada	2,118		2,150		717		819
Total	$	7,324	$	7,415	$	2,470	$	2,623

Goodwill primarily reflects PMI’s acquisitions in Canada, Colombia, Greece, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan and Serbia, as well as the business combination in the Philippines.

The movements in goodwill were as follows:



(in millions)	European Union			Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa			Asia			Latin America & Canada			Total
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	1,439		$	476		$	3,904		$	2,569		$	8,388
Changes due to:
Currency	(129		)	(102		)	(323		)	(419		)	(973		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	1,310			374			3,581			2,150			7,415
Changes due to:
Currency	(72		)	(2		)	15			(32		)	(91		)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	1,238		$	372		$	3,596		$	2,118		$	7,324

Additional details of other intangible assets were as follows:



	December 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Non-amortizable intangible assets	$	1,455			$	1,527
Amortizable intangible assets	1,598		$	583	1,609		$	513
Total other intangible assets	$	3,053	$	583	$	3,136	$	513

Non-amortizable intangible assets substantially consist of trademarks from PMI’s acquisitions in Indonesia in 2005 and Mexico in 2007. Amortizable intangible assets primarily consist of certain trademarks and distribution networks associated with business combinations. The gross carrying amount, the range of useful lives as well as the weighted-average remaining useful life of amortizable intangible assets at December 31, 2016, were as follows:



Description (dollars in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Initial Estimated Useful Lives	Weighted-Average Remaining Useful Life
Trademarks	$	1,364	2 - 40 years	20 years
Distribution networks	147		5 - 30 years	10 years
Other (including farmer contracts and intellectual property rights)	87		4 - 17 years	10 years
	$	1,598

Pre-tax amortization expense for intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, was $74 million, $82 million and $93 million, respectively. Amortization expense for each of the next five years is estimated to be $87 million or less, assuming no additional transactions occur that require the amortization of intangible assets.

The decrease in the gross carrying amount of other intangible assets from December 31, 2015, was due to currency movements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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