UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________________ to _______________
Commission File Number: 001-34711
| CHINA JO-JO DRUGSTORES, INC. |
| (Exact name of issuer as specified in its charter) |
| Nevada | 98-0557852 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |
|
Hai Wai Hai Tongxin Mansion Floor 6 Gong Shu District, Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province P. R. China |
310008 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code +86 (571) 88077078
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| Common stock, $0.001 par value | CJJD | NASDAQ Capital Market |
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
| Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ | |
| Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of September 30, 2019, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $22.4 million, based on the closing price of $1.20 per share of common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market on such date.
As of July 8, 2020, the registrant had 37,961,790 shares of common stock outstanding.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
As previously reported by China Jo-Jo Drugstores, Inc. (the “Company”) in its Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on June 26, 2020, under the SEC order (Release No. 34-88465) (the “Order”) providing conditional relief to public companies that are unable to timely comply with their filing obligations as a result of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak The Company’s operations and business have experienced disruption due to the unprecedented conditions surrounding the outbreak of COVID-19. Thus the Company is unable to timely prepare and file its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 (the “Annual Report”) that is due June 29, 2020 (the “Original Due Date”). Therefore the Company elected to rely on the conditional filing relief provided under the Order. The Annual Report is hereby filed before the extended due date permitted under the Order, i.e., 45 days after the Original Due Date, or August 13, 2020.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2020
i
Forward Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain as they are based on current expectations and assumptions concerning future events or future performance of the registrant. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. Forward-looking statements usually contain the words “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” or similar expressions, and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties. In evaluating such statements, prospective investors should carefully review various risks and uncertainties identified in this report, including the matters set forth under the captions “Risk Factors” and in the registrant’s other SEC filings. These risks and uncertainties could cause the registrant’s actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. The registrant undertakes no obligation to update or publicly announce revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments.
Although forward-looking statements in this report reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and factors currently known by us. Consequently, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and outcomes discussed in or anticipated by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include, without limitation, those specifically addressed under the heading “Risks Relating to Our Business” below, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You can read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F. Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, on official business days during the hours of 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. You can obtain additional information about the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including the registrant.
We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements in order to reflect any event or circumstance that may arise after the date of this report. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made throughout the entirety of this report, which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
ii
Overview
We are a retailer and distributor of pharmaceutical and other healthcare products typically found in retail pharmacies in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”). Prior to acquiring Zhejiang Jiuxin Medicine Co., Ltd. (“Jiuxin Medicine”) in August 2011 (see “Our Corporate History and Structure - HJ Group” below), we were primarily a retail pharmacy operator. We currently have one hundred and eighteen (118) store locations under the store brand “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” in Hangzhou city and its adjacent town Lin’an. During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company dissolved eight independent pharmacies. Among the eight dissolved pharmacies, two stores had merged into Jiuzhou Pharmacy, as defined below, and became Jiuzhou Pharmacy stores in Hangzhou. The other six stores’ licenses of government medical insurance, which qualify the stores for reimbursement from government, were transferred to six Jiuzhou Pharmacy stores in Hangzhou City. Additionally, we acquired a local drugstore chain with ten stores in January 2020. Then we dissolved the chain and transferred its certificates to Jiuzhou Pharmacy stores. Furthermore, we closed three stores in calendar 2019 due to their underperformance and opened a new store in April 2020. Amidst the COVID-19 outbreak, we experienced a decline in the number of customer visits during the first three months of calendar 2020 due to the implementation of the lockdown policy in China. However, as China is gradually controlling the spread of COVID-19, we believe these negative impacts are temporary.
We currently operate in four business segments in China: (1) retail drugstores, (2) online pharmacy, (3) wholesale business selling products similar to those we carry in our pharmacies, and (4) farming and selling herbs used for traditional Chinese medicine (“TCM”). All of the above business are performed in China with no other international sales.
Our stores provide customers with a wide variety of pharmaceutical products, including prescription and over-the-counter (“OTC”) drugs, nutritional supplements, TCM, personal and family care products, and medical devices, as well as convenience products, including consumable, seasonal, and promotional items. Additionally, we have doctors licensed in both western medicine and TCM on site for consultation, examination and treatment of common ailments at scheduled hours. Three (3) stores have adjacent medical clinics offering urgent care (to provide treatment for minor ailments such as sprains, minor lacerations, and dizziness that can be treated on an outpatient basis), TCM (including acupuncture, therapeutic massage, and cupping) and minor outpatient surgical treatments (such as suturing). Our stores vary in size, but presently average close to 200 square meters per store. We attempt to tailor each store’s product offerings, physician access, and operating hours to suit the community where the store is located.
We operate our pharmacies (including the medical clinics) through the following companies in China that we control through contractual arrangements (refer to “Contractual Arrangements with HJ Group and the Key Personnel” below in this report regarding the details of contractual arrangements:
| ● | Hangzhou Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. (“Jiuzhou Pharmacy”), which we control contractually, operates our “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” stores; |
| ● | Hangzhou Jiuzhou Clinic of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (General Partnership) (“Jiuzhou Clinic”), which we control contractually, operates one (1) of our three (3) medical clinics; and |
| ● | Hangzhou Jiuzhou Medical & Public Health Service Co., Ltd. (“Jiuzhou Service”), which we control contractually, operates our other medical clinics. |
In addition, we operate pharmacies through Lin’An Jiuzhou Pharmacy Co., Ltd (“Lin’An Jiuzhou”), which are directly held by Jiuxin Investments Management Co. Ltd. We have also opened two clinics adjacent to our drugstores under Zhejiang Jiuzhou Linjia Medical Investment and Management Co. Ltd. (“Linjia Medical”), which are controlled by Jiuzhou Pharmacy.
We also offer OTC drugs and nutritional supplements for sale through a website (www.dada360.com) operated by Jiuzhou Pharmacy. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, retail revenue, including pharmacies, medical clinics accounted for approximately 63.1% of our total revenue, while online pharmacy revenue accounted for 11.6% of our total revenue.
Since August 2011, we have operated a wholesale business through Zhejiang Jiuxin Medicine Co., Ltd. (“Jiuxin Medicine”), distributing third-party pharmaceutical products (similar to those carried by our pharmacies) primarily to trading companies throughout China. Jiuxin Medicine is wholly owned by Jiuzhou Pharmacy. For the fiscal year March 31, 2020, wholesale revenue accounted for approximately 25.3% of our total revenue.
We also have an herb farming business cultivating and wholesaling herbs used for TCM. This business is conducted through Hangzhou Qianhong Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. (“Qianhong Agriculture”), a wholly-owned subsidiary. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, we generated no revenue from our herb farming business.
Throughout this report, we will sometimes refer to Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service, Lin’An Jiuzhou, as well as the subsidiaries of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, collectively as “HJ Group.”
Our Corporate History and Structure
We were incorporated in Nevada on December 19, 2006, under the name “Kerrisdale Mining Corporation,” with a principal business objective to acquire and develop mineral properties. Although we had acquired certain mining claims, we were not operational.
1
On July 14, 2008, we amended our Articles of Incorporation to increase our authorized capital stock from 75,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, to 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and authorized the issuance of 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. With respect to the preferred shares, our Board of Directors has the right to set its designations, preferences, limitations, privileges, qualifications, dividend, conversion, voting, and other special or relative rights.
On September 17, 2009, we acquired control of Renovation Investment (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in Hong Kong on September 2, 2008 (“Renovation”), pursuant to a share exchange agreement.
On September 24, 2009, we amended our Articles of Incorporation to change our name from “Kerrisdale Mining Corporation” to “China Jo-Jo Drugstores, Inc.”
On April 9, 2010, we implemented a 1-for-2 reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional reduction of our authorized shares of common stock, by filing a Certificate of Change pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes 78.209 with the Nevada Secretary of State on April 6, 2010. All share information in this report takes into account this reverse stock split.
On April 28, 2010, we completed a registered public offering of 3,500,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $5.00 per share, resulting in gross proceeds to us, prior to deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses, of approximately $17,500,000.
On July 24, 2015, we closed a registered direct offering of 1.2 million shares of common stock at $2.50 per share with gross proceeds of approximately $3 million from our effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3.
On January 23, 2017, we completed a private offering of 4,840,000 shares of the common stock at a price of $2.20 per share with gross proceeds of $10,648,000.
On April 15, 2019, we closed a registered direct offering of 4,000,008 shares of common stock at $2.50 per share with gross proceeds of $10,000,020 from our effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. In a concurrent private placement we issued to the investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,000,006 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share. The placement agent receives warrants to purchase up to 240,000 shares of the common stock with an exercise price of $3.125 per share.
On June 3, 2020, we closed a registered direct offering of 5,000,004 shares of common stock at $2.00 per share with gross proceeds of $10,000,008 from our effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. In a concurrent private placement we issued to the investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,750,003 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.60 per share. The placement agent receives warrants to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the common stock with an exercise price of $2.57 per share.
Renovation
Renovation was formed by the owners of HJ Group, as defined below, as a special purpose vehicle to raise capital overseas, in accordance with the requirements of China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”). SAFE issued the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Financing and Round-Trip Investment Undertaken by Domestic Residents Through Overseas Special-Purpose Vehicles (“Circular No. 75”) on October 21, 2005. To further clarify the implementation of Circular 75, on May 31, 2007, SAFE issued a supplementary official notice known as Hui ZhongFa [2007] No. 106 (“Circular 106”). Circular 75 and Circular 106 require the owners of any Chinese company to obtain SAFE’s approval before establishing any offshore holding company structure for foreign financing as well as subsequent acquisition matters in China. Accordingly, the owners of HJ Group submitted their applications to SAFE on July 25, 2008. On August 16, 2008, SAFE approved the applications, permitting these Chinese nationals to establish Renovation as an offshore, special purpose vehicle which was permitted to have foreign ownership and participate in foreign capital raising activities. After SAFE’s approval, the owners of HJ Group became holders of one hundred percent (100%) of Renovation’s issued and outstanding capital stock on September 2, 2008. See “ Relevant PRC Regulations - SAFE Registration ” below.
Jiuxin Management
Zhejiang Jiuxin Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Jiuxin Management”) was organized in the PRC on October 14, 2008. Since all of its issued and outstanding capital stock is held by Renovation, a Hong Kong company, Jiuxin Management is deemed a “wholly foreign owned enterprise” (“WFOE”) under applicable PRC laws.
Jiutong Medical
Hangzhou Jiutong Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiutong Medical”) was organized in the PRC on December 20, 2011. Like Jiuxin Management, Jiutong Medical is also deemed a WFOE because it is wholly owned by Renovation. In November 2013, Jiutong Medical acquired the right to use of a piece of land, for which we intended to establish a herb processing plant. However, as our herb business has not grown, we have not started constructing the plant as of March 31, 2020. In the future, we may sell the land.
Shouantang Technology
Shouantang Technology was organized in the PRC on July 16, 2010. Like Jiuxin Management and Jiutong Medical, it is also deemed a WFOE because it is wholly owned by Renovation.
2
In November 2010, Shouantang Technology acquired one hundred percent (100%) of Quannuo Technology and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hangzhou Quannuo Grand Pharmacy Co., Ltd. (“Hangzhou Quannuo”), pursuant to an equity ownership transfer agreement. Quannuo Technology was organized in the PRC on July 7, 2009, and Hangzhou Quannuo was established on July 8, 2010. Hangzhou Quannuo has terminated its State Administration of Industry and Commerce (“SAIC”) license in April 2015 and currently has no operations.
In November 2015, we sold all of the equity interests of Quannuo Technology to six individuals for approximately $17,121 (RMB107,074). Quannuo Technology previously provided technical support to our online pharmacy and incurred accumulated losses over the last five years of its operations. After the sale, its technical support function has been transferred back to Jiuzhou Pharmacy, which hosts our online pharmacy.
Qianhong Agriculture
Qianhong Agriculture was organized in the PRC on August 10, 2010 for our herb farming business. We planted ginkgo, also known as maidenhair, trees during the year ended March 31, 2013. A ginkgo tree may have a growth period of up to twenty years before it is mature enough for harvest. Usually, the longer it grows the more valuable it becomes. As of March 31, 2020, we have not harvested or sold any herbs.
Shouantang Bio
On October 11, 2014, the Company, through Jiuzhou Pharmacy, formed Shouantang Bio-technology Co., Ltd. (“Shouantang Bio”) by contributing $0.16 million (RMB1 million) as its registered capital. Shouantang Bio was formed to sell nutritional supplements under its own brand name, Shouantang.
Jiuyi Technology
On September 10, 2015, Renovation set up an entity named Hangzhou Jiuyi Medical Technology Co. Ltd, (“Jiuyi Technology”) with registered capital of $5 million, which was originally intended to provide additional technical support such as webpage development to our online pharmacy business. Later on, we decided to move online technical supports back to Jiuzhou Pharmacy, so Jiuyi Technology had no significant online technical operations. Jiuyi Technology is located in Hangzhou, China. As it now has no operation, we may close it in the future.
Lin’an Jiuzhou
On March 31, 2017, the Company, through Jiuxin Management, formed Lin’an Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy Co. Ltd, (“Lin’an Jiuzhou”) with registered capital of $725,570 (RMB 5 million), to expand our retail pharmacies in Lin’an City.
Linjia Medical
On September 27, 2017, the Company, through Jiuzhou Pharmacy, formed and held 51% of Zhejiang Jiuzhou Linjia Medical Investment and Management Co. Ltd. with registered capital of $2,979,460 (RMB20 million), to expand our clinics network adjacent to our drugstores. After extensive market research, Linjia Medical started operation of its clinics in late calendar year 2018. However, Linjia Medical has not been profitable. As of March 31, 2020, we kept running two clinics under the brand of Linjia Medical.
Ayi Health
On March 29, 2019, the Company, through Jiuzhou Pharmacy, formed and currently holds 51% of the equity of Zhejiang AyiGe Medical Health Management Co., Ltd.(“Ayi Health”), which is intended to provide technical support such as IT and customer support to our health management business in the future.
HJ Group
Jiuzhou Pharmacy is a PRC limited liability company established on September 9, 2003 by Mr. Lei Liu (55%), Mr. Chong’an Jin (23%) and Ms. Li Qi (22%). Hangzhou Kuaileren Grand Pharmacy Co., Ltd. (“Kuaileren”), originally a subsidiary of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, was dissolved on April 9, 2011. Prior to its dissolution, Kuaileren operated a “Kuaileren Grand Pharmacy” store, which is now a “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” store. On July 1, 2014, Mr. Chong’an Jin transferred all of the equity interests he held in Jiuzhou Pharmacy to Mr. Lei Liu and Ms. Li Qi. As a result of this transfer, Mr. Lei Liu held 61% and Ms. Li Qi held 39% equity interests of Jiuzhou Pharmacy. On August 21, 2017, after Mr. Lei Liu transferred certain shares to Ms. Li Qi, Mr. Lei Liu held 56.7% and Ms. Li Qi held 43.3%. On April 25, 2018, Mr. Wei Chen, who is associated with CareRetail Holdings Limited, agreed to invest RMB200,000 and hold 1% of Jiuzhou Pharmacy. As a result, Mr. Lei Liu held 56.13% and Ms. Li Qi has held 42.87% equity interests of Jiuzhou Pharmacy. Mr. Lei Liu and Ms. Li Qi are from time to time referred to in this report as Key Personnel.
Jiuzhou Pharmacy currently has one subsidiary, Jiuxin Medicine, which was organized in the PRC on December 31, 2003. In April 2011, Jiuzhou Pharmacy entered into an equity ownership transfer agreement with the owners of Jiuxin Medicine, and its business license was transferred to Jiuzhou Pharmacy, although no consideration was paid. On August 25, 2011, the acquisition of Jiuxin Medicine was completed for $4.7 million (RMB 30 million).
Jiuzhou Clinic is a PRC general partnership established on October 10, 2003 by Mr. Liu (39%), Mr. Jin (31%) and Ms. Qi (30%). Jiuzhou Clinic is a medical practice currently operating adjacent to the “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” store in Daguan, providing primary, urgent, minor surgical, and traditional medical care services. Additionally, Jiuzhou Clinic’s physicians consult with and examine patients at other “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” stores.
3
Jiuzhou Service is a PRC limited liability company established on November 2, 2005 by Mr. Liu (39%), Mr. Jin (31%) and Ms. Qi (30%). Jiuzhou Service is licensed as a healthcare management company and currently manages the medical clinic operating adjacent to the “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” stores in Wenhua and Xiasha, providing services similar to those at the Daguan clinic. In November 30, 2017, Mr. Jin transferred his shares to Mr. Liu and Ms. Qi. After the transfer, Mr. Liu owns 56.7% and Ms. Qi owns 43.3% of the Jiuzhou Service.
We control HJ Group through contractual arrangements. See “Contractual Arrangements with HJ Group and the Key Personnel” below.
Contractual Arrangements with HJ Group and the Key Personnel
Our relationships with HJ Group and the Key Personnel are governed by a series of contractual arrangements that they have entered into with Jiuxin Management.
PRC regulations on foreign investment currently permit foreign companies to establish or invest in WFOEs or joint ventures that engage in wholesale or retail sales of pharmaceuticals in China. For retail sales, however, these regulations restrict the number and size of pharmacies that a foreign investor may own. If a chain operates more than thirty (30) stores and sells branded pharmaceutical products from different suppliers, a foreign investor may own only up to forty nine percent (49%) of such chain. The contractual arrangements with Jiuzhou Pharmacy render such restrictions inapplicable to us, since neither we nor our subsidiaries own equity interests in Jiuzhou Pharmacy, while at the same time we retain control of its drugstore chain by virtue of the contractual arrangements.
Similarly, PRC regulations place certain restrictions on foreign ownership of medical practices. Foreign investors can only acquire ownership interests through a Sino-foreign joint venture and not through a WFOE. Since we do not have actual equity interests in Jiuzhou Clinic or Jiuzhou Service, and instead control these entities through contractual arrangements, such regulations do not apply to us or our structure.
Under PRC laws, Jiuxin Management, Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic are each independent business entities not exposed or subject to the liabilities incurred by any of the other three (3) entities. The contractual arrangements constitute valid and binding obligations of the parties to such agreements. Each of the contractual arrangements, and the rights and obligations of the parties thereto, are enforceable and valid in accordance with the laws of the PRC. These contractual arrangements, as amended and in effect, include the following:
Consulting Services Agreements. Pursuant to certain exclusive consulting services agreements (the “Consulting Services Agreements”), Jiuxin Management has the exclusive right to provide Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic with general business operation services, including advisory and strategic planning services, as well as consulting services related to their current and future operations (the “Services”). Additionally, Jiuxin Management owns the intellectual property rights developed or discovered through research and development, in the course of providing the Services, or derived from the provision of the Services. Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic must each pay a quarterly consulting services fee in RMB to Jiuxin Management that is equal to its profits for such quarter. This agreement is in effect until and unless terminated by written notice of a party to the agreement in the event that: (a) a party becomes bankrupt, insolvent, is the subject of proceedings or arrangements for liquidation or dissolution, ceases to carry on business, or becomes unable to pay its debts as they become due; (b) Jiuxin Management terminates its operations; or (c) circumstances arise which would materially and adversely affect the performance or the objectives of the agreement. Jiuxin Management may also terminate the agreement with any of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service or Jiuzhou Clinic if one of them breaches the terms of the agreement, or without cause.
Operating Agreements. Pursuant to certain operating agreements (the “Operating Agreements”), Jiuxin Management agrees to guarantee the contractual performance by Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic of their agreements with any third party. In return, the Key Personnel must appoint designees of Jiuxin Management to the boards of directors and senior management of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic. In addition, each of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic agrees to pledge its accounts receivable and all of its assets to Jiuxin Management. Moreover, without the prior consent of Jiuxin Management, Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic cannot engage in any transactions that could materially affect their respective assets, liabilities, rights or operations, including, without limitation, incurrence or assumption of any indebtedness, sale or purchase of any assets or rights, incurrence of any encumbrance on any of their assets or intellectual property rights in favor of a third party, or transfer of any agreements relating to their business operations to any third party. They must also abide by corporate policies set by Jiuxin Management with respect to their daily operations, financial management and employment issues. The term of this agreement is from August 1, 2009 until the maximum period of time permitted by law. Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic cannot terminate this agreement.
Equity Pledge Agreements. Pursuant to certain equity pledge agreements (the “Equity Pledge Agreement”), the Key Personnel have pledged all of their equity interests in Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic to Jiuxin Management in order to guarantee these companies’ performance of their respective obligations under the Consulting Services Agreement. If these companies or the Key Personnel breach their respective contractual obligations, Jiuxin Management, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to sell the pledged equity interests. The Key Personnel have also agreed that upon occurrence of any event of default, Jiuxin Management shall be granted an exclusive, irrevocable power of attorney to take actions in the place and stead of the Key Personnel to carry out the security provisions of this agreement, and to take any action and execute any instrument that Jiuxin Management may deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this agreement. The Key Personnel agree not to dispose of the pledged equity interests or take any actions that would prejudice Jiuxin Management’s interests. This agreement will expire two (2) years after the obligations of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic under the Consulting Services Agreement have been fulfilled.
4
Option Agreements. Pursuant to the option agreements, the Key Personnel irrevocably grant Jiuxin Management or its designee an exclusive option to purchase, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of their equity interests in Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic for the cost of the initial contributions to the registered capital or the minimum amount of consideration permitted by applicable PRC law. Jiuxin Management or its designee has sole discretion to decide when to exercise the option, whether in part or in full. The term of this agreement commenced from August 1, 2009 and continues for the maximum period of time permitted by law.
Voting Rights Proxy Agreements. Pursuant to the voting rights proxy agreements, the Key Personnel irrevocably grant a designee of Jiuxin Management the right to exercise the voting and other ownership rights of the Key Personnel in Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic, including the rights to (i) attend any meeting of the Key Personnel (or participate by written consent in lieu of such meeting) in accordance with applicable laws and each company’s incorporating documents, (ii) sell or transfer all or any of the equity interests of the Key Personnel in these companies, and (iii) appoint and vote for the companies’ directors. The proxy agreement may be terminated by mutual consent of the parties or upon thirty (30) days’ written notice from Jiuxin Management.
Other than as pursuant to the foregoing contractual arrangements, Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic cannot transfer any funds generated from their respective operations. The contractual arrangements were originally entered into on August 1, 2009, and amended on October 27, 2009.
Our Current Corporate Structure
The following diagram illustrates our current corporate structure as of June 28, 2020:
5
The table below summarizes the status of the registered capital of our PRC subsidiaries and controlled companies as of the date of this report:
| Entity Name | Entity Type | Registered Capital | Registered Capital Paid | Due Date for Unpaid Registered Capital | ||||
| Jiutong Medical | Subsidiary | USD 2,600,000 | USD 2,600,000 | N/A | ||||
| Jiuzhou Clinic | VIE | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy | VIE | USD 733,500 | USD 733,500 | N/A | ||||
| Jiuzhou Service | VIE | USD 73,350 | USD 73,350 | N/A | ||||
| Jiuxin Management | Subsidiary | USD 14,500,000 | USD 14,500,000 | N/A | ||||
| Jiuxin Medicine | VIE | USD 1,564,000 | USD 1,564,000 | N/A | ||||
| Qianhong Agriculture | Subsidiary | USD 1,497,000 | USD 1,497,000 | N/A | ||||
| Shouantang Technology | Subsidiary | USD 11,000,000 | USD 11,000,000 | N/A | ||||
| Shouantang Bio | Subsidiary | USD 162,900 | USD 162,900 | N/A | ||||
| Jiuyi Technology | Subsidiary | USD 5,000,000 | USD 2,500,000 | September 25, 2026 | ||||
| Lin’an Jiuzhou | Subsidiary | USD 725,570 | USD 72,557 | March 31, 2027 | ||||
| Linjia Medical | VIE | USD 2,979,460 | USD 1,489,730 | N/A | ||||
| Ayi Health | VIE | USD 1,489,730 | None | N/A |
Our Business
Pharmacies
As of March 31, 2020, We currently have one hundred and eighteen (118) pharmacies throughout Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang and neighborhood cities. Pharmacy sales accounted for approximately 84.5% of our retail revenue, and 63.1% of our total revenue, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. We offer primarily third-party products at our pharmacies, including:
| ● | Approximately 1,469 prescription drugs (295 of which require a physician’s prescription and the remainder requiring customer personal information registration only), sales of which accounted for approximately 35.2% of our retail revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020; |
| ● | Approximately 1,704 OTC drugs, sales of which accounted for approximately 42.6% of our retail revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020; |
| ● | Approximately 482 nutritional supplements, including a variety of healthcare supplements, vitamin, mineral and dietary products, sales of which accounted for approximately 8.1% of our retail revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020; |
| ● | TCM, including drinkable herbal remedies and pre-packaged herbal mixtures for making soup, sales of which accounted for approximately 7.2% of our retail revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020; |
| ● | Sundry products (i.e., personal care products such as skin care, hair care and beauty products, convenience products such as soft drinks, packaged snacks, and other consumable, cleaning agents, stationeries, and seasonal and promotional items tailored to local consumer demand for convenience and quality), sales of which accounted for approximately 1.8% of our retail revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020; and |
| ● | Medical devices (i.e., family planning and birth control products, early pregnancy test products, portable electronic diagnostic apparatus, rehabilitation equipment, and surgical tools such as hemostats, needle forceps and surgical scissors), sales of which accounted for approximately 5.2% of our retail revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31,2020. |
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We favor retail locations in well-established residential communities with relatively concentrated consumer purchasing power or are located in close proximity to local hospitals, and evaluate potential store sites to assess consumer traffic, visibility and convenience. Depending on its size, each drugstore has between two (2) to twenty-five (25) pharmacists on staff, all of whom are properly licensed. We only accept prescriptions from licensed health care providers, and verify the validity, accuracy, and completeness of all prescriptions. We also ask all prescription customers to disclose their drug allergies, current medical conditions, and current medications. Most pharmacies also maintain a TCM counter staffed by licensed herbalists.
After opening, a location without SHI coverage may take up to one year to achieve our projected revenue goals for that particular location. Various factors influence individual store revenue including, but not limited to: location, nearby competition, local population demographics, square footage, and government insurance coverage.
All of our one hundred and eighteen (118) of our drugstores are located in Hangzhou city and its adjacent town Lin’an.
To enhance our customers’ experience, we have licensed physicians available at several of our “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” locations for consultation, examination and treatment of common ailments at scheduled hours. In addition, our Daguan, Wenhua, Xiasha and Yueming stores have adjoining medical clinics that provide urgent care (for conditions such as sprains, minor lacerations, and dizziness), TCM treatments (including acupuncture, therapeutic massage, moxibustion, and cupping), and minor outpatient surgical treatments (such as suturing).
To ensure quality and personal attention for patients, we employ only licensed doctors and certified nurses and technicians. Patient treatment at our four (4) Jiuzhou Clinics and Jiuzhou Service, and all Linjia Clinics follow nationally established clinical practice guidelines from China’s Ministry of Health. We currently have eighty-two (82) physicians and sixty-one (61) clinic staff. In-store consultations and examinations by our physicians are provided free-of-charge to ensure that customers are being prescribed and taking the appropriate medication for their ailments, and to afford customers convenience.
We view our medical services as more consumer-driven than other health care specialties, because consumers requiring the types of medical services that we provide often seek treatment on their own accord. We have developed our medical services to respond to the public need for convenient access to medical consultations and/or care and the significant savings that we can provide as compared to a more traditional medical setting such as a hospital. Many of our patients often need immediate access to medical services, do not have a regular physician, or may lack suitable alternatives. Patient flow is derived from the physical presence of our drugstores, not from pre-existing doctor-patient relationships or referrals from other healthcare providers.
We generate limited revenue directly from our clinics. However, our clinic brings patients into our stores, where they then purchase medical products.
Online Sales
Since May 2010, we have been retailing OTC drugs and nutritional supplements on the Internet at www.dada360.com. Before November 2015, our subsidiary Quannuo Technology operated and maintained the website pursuant to the Internet Pharmaceutical Transaction Service Qualification Certificate issued by the State Food and Drug Administration (the “SFDA”) of Zhejiang Province, which allows us to engage in online retail pharmaceutical sales throughout China. As we sold all our equity interests in Quannuo Technology in November 2015, we have transferred our online pharmacy operation function to Jiuzhou Pharmacy. We have established payment methods with banks and online intermediaries such as Alipay, and are cooperating with business-to-consumer online vendors such as Taobao. By using Taobao’s platform in addition to our own website as mentioned above, we can be exposed to a wider range of customers.
Online sales accounted for approximately 11.6% of our total revenue, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Online sales accounted for approximately 10.8% of our retail revenue, and 8.1% of our total revenue, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
Wholesale
Since acquiring Jiuxin Medicine in August 2011, we have been distributing third-party products primarily to drug distributors throughout China, including:
| ● | Approximately 1,455 prescription drugs, the sales of which accounted for approximately 83.7% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to approximately 1,154 prescription drugs, the sales of which accounted for approximately 63.4% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019; |
| ● | Approximately 1,662 OTC drugs, the sales of which accounted for approximately 14.1% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to approximately 1,282 OTC drugs, the sales of which accounted for approximately 33.9% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019; |
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| ● | Approximately 350 nutritional supplements, the sales of which accounted for approximately 0.7% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to approximately 307 nutritional supplements, the sales of which accounted for approximately 1.1% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019; |
| ● | TCM products, the sales of which accounted for approximately 1.1% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to TCM products, the sales of which accounted for approximately 1.0% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019; |
| ● | Sundry products, the sales of which accounted for approximately 0.1% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to Sundry products, the sales of which accounted for approximately 0.1% of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019; and |
| ● | Medical devices, the sales of which accounted for approximately 0.3% and 0.5%, of our wholesale revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. |
Wholesale revenue increased primarily as a result of our ability to resell certain products, which our retail stores made large orders on, to other vendors. As our retail drugstores achieved large quantity sales of certain brand name merchandise, we were able to negotiate for lower purchase prices than the market level on such merchandise. As a result, certain vendors who were unable to obtain better prices than ours, will turn to us for such merchandise, leading the wholesale volume to grow. On the other side, we have been trying to act as a local agent for well-known health products in Zhejiang Province. For example, we signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Dong’a Gelatin (DEEJ) and act as its local sale agent in Zhejiang Province. Until we can establish a new customer base and secure the status to serve as provincial or national exclusive sale agent for certain popular drugs, we do not expect our wholesale business to increase significantly in the immediate future.
Herb Farming
From 2010 to the third quarter of fiscal 2013, we had been cultivating and harvested ten (10) types of herbs, such as fructusrubi (used in TCM to promote blood circulation), white atractylodes rhizome (used in TCM to treat physical and mental fatigue), atractylodesmacrocephala (used in TCM to control sweating), ginkgo seeds (used in TCM to treat asthma), and ginkgo trees used for TCM on approximately forty eight (48) acres of leased land in Lin’an, approximately thirty (30) miles from Hangzhou.
We planted ginkgo trees during the year ended March 31, 2013. A ginkgo tree may have a growth period of up to twenty years before it is mature enough to harvest. Typically, the longer the plant grows, the more valuable it becomes. We plan to continue cultivating the trees in order to maximize their market value in the future. We may continue growing trees and cultivating other herbs in the future.
Herb farming revenue accounted for no revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
Our Customers
Retail Customers
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, our pharmacies collectively served an average of 13,475 customers per day. We periodically conduct qualitative customer surveys to help us build a stronger understanding of our market position and our customers’ purchasing habits.
Pharmacy customers pay by cash, debit or credit cards, mobile devices or medical insurance cards under Hangzhou and Zhejiang’s medical insurance programs. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, approximately 15% of our pharmacy revenue came from cash sales, 50% from Hangzhou’s medical insurance cards (where most of our pharmacies are located), and 35% from debit and credit cards, Zhejiang’s medical insurance cards, Alipay and other charge cards.
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We maintain strict cash control procedures at our pharmacies. Our integrated information management system records the details of each sale, which we control from our headquarters. Depending on each location’s sales activities, cash may be deposited daily or several times per week in designated bank accounts.
For sales made to eligible participants in the national medical insurance program, we generally obtain payments from the relevant government social security bureaus on a monthly basis. See “Relevant PRC Regulations - Reimbursement under the National Medical Insurance Program.” According to relevant regulations, a drugstore usually needs to operate for at least one (1) year before it can apply to be licensed to accept Hangzhou’s medical insurance cards. As of the date of this report, one hundred and five (105) of our one hundred and eighteen (118) “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” stores are licensed to accept medical insurance cards. Those of our stores that accept medical insurance cards are designated as such by clear signage on their storefront windows.
Online Sales Customers
Our online customers consist primarily of consumers between the ages of 20 and 40. While our website is accessible throughout China, approximately thirty percent (30%) of our online sales during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, were from Zhejiang and neighboring Jiangsu and Shanghai.
Wholesale Customers
Our wholesale customers are primarily third-party trading companies that purchase from us to resell to pharmacies throughout China. We also supply some hospitals and pharmacies, although they collectively make up less than 10.0% of our wholesale customers currently.
Herb Farming Customers
Our farming customers primarily include local herb vendors. For the fiscal year ended March, 31, 2020, we had not harvested or sold any herbs.
Marketing and Promotion
Our marketing and promotion efforts are focused on our retail segment, specifically, our pharmacies, and our strategy is to build brand recognition, increase customer flow, build strong customer loyalty, maximize repetitive customer visits, and develop incremental revenue opportunities.
Our marketing department designs chain-wide marketing efforts while each store designs local promotions based on local demographics and market conditions. We also launch single store promotional campaigns and community activities in connection with the opening of new stores. Our store managers and staff are also encouraged to propose their own advertising and promotional plans, including holiday promotions, posters and billboards. In addition, we offer special discounts and gift promotions for selected merchandise periodically in conjunction with our suppliers’ marketing programs. We also provide ancillary services such as providing free blood pressure readings in our stores.
Many of our promotional programs are designed to encourage manufacturers to invest resources to market their brands within our stores. We charge manufacturers promotional fees in exchange for the right to promote and display their products in our stores during promotional periods. We also allow manufacturers and distributors to station salespeople in our stores to promote their products, for which we receive a fee. Since manufacturers provide purchasing incentives and information to help customers make informed purchase decisions, we believe that manufacturer-led promotions improve our customers’ shopping experience. We work to maintain strong inventory positions for merchandise featured in our promotions, as we believe this increases the effectiveness of our spending on promotional activities.
We regularly run advertisements in selected newspapers to promote our brands and the products carried in our stores. Under our agreements with certain newspapers, we run one-page weekly and monthly advertisements, as applicable, and the newspapers publish healthcare-related feature articles relating to our advertised products on or around the dates of our advertisements. We also promote our brands and products using billboards and radio and television commercials. Depending on our agreement with a particular manufacturer, advertising expenses are borne either by us, the manufacturer of the products being advertised, or are shared as a joint expense. Our advertisements are designed to promote our brands, our corporate image and the prices of products available for sale in our stores.
As part of our marketing campaign, we offer rewards cards to customers, which provide certain exclusive discounts. After a customer signs up for the rewards card, we communicate via the customer’s preferred method: e-mail, traditional mail or text messages. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, approximately 69.7% of our customers used their rewards cards to make purchases. We intend to further extend this program to enhance the customer experience and for customer retention. For every 10 Yuan spent at our stores, we award 1 membership point. Every 20 points can be exchanged for a 1 Yuan coupon, redeemable towards merchandise purchased at our stores. The reward points never expire, but cannot be applied towards products reimbursed by the local SIC agent. As a result, we recorded unused membership points as accrued expense.
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Our clinic staff also regularly offers free seminars and outreach programs covering various health issues that are topical to the communities where our stores are located. Such events are designed not only to raise public health awareness, but to reach potential customers for our drugstores.
To promote our online business, we are cooperating with Taobao, the largest online vendor in China, to help raise awareness among potential customers. Taobao lists our products on its platform, which then directs consumers back to our website to make their purchases.
Logistics
Before March 31, 2018, we used Jiuxin Medicine’s resources to support our logistics needs in Hangzhou. Beginning March 31, 2018, we outsourced our logistics service to Astro Boy Cloud Pan (Hangzhou) Storage and Logistic Co. Ltd (“Astro Boy Logistic”). As a result, Jiuxin Medicine’s warehouse lease has been terminated. Astro Boy Logistic provides us with approximately 14,000 square meters facility located approximately eighteen (18) miles from our headquarters, which served as our central distribution center. Astro Boy Logistics’ staff and vehicles make regular deliveries to our pharmacies and wholesale customers. Jiuxin Medicine, however, continues to negotiate with various suppliers and make orders.
We employ third-party logistics companies for deliveries to wholesale customers outside Hangzhou. We believe that reliable logistics providers are readily available and can be replaced without any material interruptions to our business.
Suppliers
We currently source retail products from approximately 120 suppliers, including trading companies and direct manufacturers. We source wholesale products from approximately 340 suppliers, including many of those that provide our retail products. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, one supplier, HuaDong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. accounted for more than twenty-eight and half percent (28.5%) and twenty-six and point two percent (26.2%) of our total purchases and total purchase deposits. The suppliers are neither related to nor affiliated with us. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, one supplier, HuaDong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. accounted for more than twenty-two percent (22.0%) and twenty-two and point seven percent (22.7%) of our total purchases and total purchase deposits. The suppliers are neither related to nor affiliated with us.
We believe that competitive sources are readily available for substantially all of the products we require for our retail and wholesale businesses. As such, we believe that we can change suppliers without any material interruption to our business. To date, we have not experienced any significant difficulty in sourcing our suppliers.
Quality Control
We strongly emphasize quality control, which starts with procurement. In addition to their market acceptance and costs, we select products based on Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Supply Practice (“GSP”) compliance status of their suppliers. We also assess product quality based on the manufacturer’s facilities and capabilities, including technology, packaging and logistics. We conduct random quality inspections of each batch of products we procure, and replace any supplier who fails to pass such inspections.
We also enforce strict quality control measures at our distribution center. All products are screened upon their arrival, and those with evidence of defects or damages are immediately rejected. Products that pass the screening process are recorded and stored strictly according to each manufacturer’s temperature and other requirements. Products (for both our pharmacies and wholesale customers) are verified against the appropriate delivery orders prior to leaving the facility. We use vehicles with cold-temperature storage to make deliveries as necessary.
All of our pharmacy employees participate in a mandatory thirty-six (36) hour training program regarding quality control annually, and we regularly dispatch quality inspectors to our stores to monitor the service quality of our staff.
Competition
The drugstore industry in China is intensely competitive, rapidly evolving and highly fragmented. We compete on the basis of store location, merchandise selection, prices and brand recognition. Many of our competitors include large, national drugstore chains that may have more financial resources, stronger brand strength, and management expertise than us, including China Nepstar Chain Drugstore Ltd., LBX Pharmacy, and TianTianHao Grand Pharmacy. Other competitors include local and independent drugstores and government-operated pharmacies, as well as discount stores, convenience stores, and supermarkets with respect to sundry and other non-medicinal products that we carry.
The wholesale pharmaceutical distribution industry in China is likewise competitive and highly fragmented. We compete with regional distributors, such as Zhengchen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Hangzhou Xiaoran Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., as well as national operators such as Fengwoda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Jiuzhoutong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. These competitors have substantially greater logistics capacities and more financial resources, as well as more industry-relevant experience, than us.
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The online pharmacy is an emerging business in China. We are competing with other online vendors that may be supported by major drugstore chains or initiated by smaller local drugstore chains. In order to compete effectively, we are cooperating with Taobao, the largest online vendor in China. We also invest significant resources in selecting products we believe are most suitable for online sales, such as those we have the exclusive right to sell. We have invested significant resources identifying popular products that we believe can drive sales, while simultaneously controlling costs. In fiscal 2020, we have continued working with large insurance companies in China such as the People’s Insurance Company (Group) of China Limited and Yingda Taihe Life Insurance Co., Ltd., which sell online products to their enrolled insurance customers. Commercial health insurance has expanded rapidly in recent years in China, especially after the government began restricting its Social Health Insurance (“SHI”) budget. We expect the close cooperation with commercial insurance companies and active strategy on e-commerce platforms will drive up our online sales.
China’s herb market is highly specialized. We have not incurred any herb sales in fiscal 2020.
Intellectual Property
We currently have the following trademarks registered with the Trademark Office of the SAIC:
| ● | “Jiuzhou Tongxin” is a Classes 5 and 35 trademark (for pharmaceuticals and advertisement) issued on February 14, 2011 and March 7, 2013 respectively, registered under Jiuzhou Pharmacy, which we plan to use to brand certain products that we may sell in our stores; |
| ● | “Jiuzhou” is a Classes 5, 35 and 44 trademark (for medical services) issued in April and May 2012, registered under Jiuzhou Pharmacy, which we plan to use to brand our medical services; |
| ● | “Shouantang” a Classes 5, 10, 30, 35 and 44 trademark (for pharmaceuticals, construction, food, advertisement and medical services) issued on October 2011, and a Classes 3、42、6、19、20、24、31、26、32 and 29 (for oil, diary and others) trademark issued in August and October 2015, registered under Jiuzhou Pharmacy, which we are using to brand certain products that we sell in our stores; and |
| ● | “Jinyuliangyan” is a Class 29 trademark (for food and oil) issued in June 2011, registered under Jiuzhou Pharmacy, which we are using to brand certain products that we sell in our stores; and |
| ● | “Jiuying” is a Classes 5, 35 and 44 trademark (for healthcare and nutritional supplement) issued in December 2012 and February 2013, registered under Jiuzhou Service, which we are using to brand our service and products that we sell in our clinics. |
We own and operate the following websites: www.dada360.com (for online sales), www.jiuzhou-drugstore.com (our corporate website used in China), and www.jiuzhou360.com (our English-language corporate website). We also own two (2) inactive domain names. We do not own any patents, nor do we have any pending patent applications, and we are not a beneficiary of any licenses, franchises, concessions or royalty agreements.
All of our employees are required to enter into written employment agreements with us, pursuant to which they are subject to confidentiality obligations.
Employees
As of March 31, 2020, we had 1,074 employees combined in our retail and wholesale operations, consisting of 1,014 full-time and 60 part-time employees. The number of employees for each area of operations, and such employees as a percentage of our total workforce, are as follows:
| As of March 31, 2020 | ||||||||
| Employees | Percentage | |||||||
| Non-pharmacist store staff | 372 | 34.6 | % | |||||
| Pharmacists | 348 | 32.4 | % | |||||
| Management - non-pharmacists | 128 | 11.9 | % | |||||
| Physicians | 82 | 7.6 | % | |||||
| Non-physician clinic staff | 61 | 5.7 | % | |||||
| Wholesale - non-warehouse | 31 | 2.9 | % | |||||
| Online pharmacy - technicians | 2 | 0.2 | % | |||||
| Online pharmacy - non-technicians | 50 | 4.7 | % | |||||
| Total | 1,074 | 100.00 | % | |||||
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We strongly emphasize the quality of our employees at all levels, including in-store pharmacists and store staff who directly interact with our customers. We provide extensive training for newly recruited employees in the first three (3) months of their employment. The training is designed to encompass a number of areas, such as knowledge of our products and effective customer service. In addition, we regularly carry out training programs on medicinal information, nutritional information, and selling skills for our store staff and in-store pharmacists. We believe these programs have played an important role in strengthening the capabilities of our employees.
Various drug manufacturers also pay us to have their representatives in our drugstores, and accordingly, we train them under our store policies and procedures.
Relevant PRC Regulations
SAFE Registration
In October 2005, SAFE issued Circular 75. Circular 75 regulates foreign exchange matters in relation to the use of a special purpose vehicle by PRC residents to seek offshore equity financing and conduct “round trip investment” in China. The Key Personnel, who are PRC residents, are in compliance with Circular 75 and its implementing circulars.
Dividend Distribution
Under current applicable laws and regulations, each of our consolidated PRC entities, including WFOEs and domestic companies, may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our consolidated PRC entities is required to deposit at least ten percent (10%) of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year into its statutory surplus reserve fund until the accumulative amount of such reserve reaches fifty percent (50%) of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. As of March 31, 2020 the accumulated balance of our statutory reserve funds reserves amounted to $1.31 million, and the accumulated losses of our consolidated PRC entities amounted to $20.94 million.
Taxation
The current PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), and the implementation regulations for the EIT Law issued by China’s State Council, became effective as of January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, enterprises are classified as either resident or non-resident enterprises. An enterprise established outside of China with its “de facto management bodies” located within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law defines a “de facto management body” as a managing body that in practice exercises “substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise; however, it remains unclear whether the PRC tax authorities would deem our managing body as being located within China. Due to the relatively short history of the EIT Law and lack of applicable legal precedents, the PRC tax authorities determine the PRC tax resident treatment of entities organized under the laws of foreign jurisdictions on a case-by-case basis.
If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to enterprise income tax at a rate of twenty five percent (25%) on our respective worldwide taxable income, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Second, although the EIT Law provides that “dividends, bonuses and other equity investment proceeds between qualified resident enterprises” is exempted income, and the implementing rules of the EIT Law refer to “dividends, bonuses and other equity investment proceeds between qualified resident enterprises” as the investment proceeds obtained by a resident enterprise from its direct investment in another resident enterprise, it is still unclear whether the dividends we receive from Jiuxin Management would be classified as “dividends between qualified resident enterprises” and therefore qualify for tax exemption.
If we are treated as a non-resident enterprise under the EIT Law, any dividends that we receive from Jiuxin Management (assuming such dividends are deemed to be sourced from within the PRC) (i) may be subject to a five percent (5%) PRC withholding tax, provided that we own more than twenty five percent (25%) of the registered capital of Jiuxin Management incessantly within twelve (12) months immediately prior to obtaining such dividends from Jiuxin Management, and if the Arrangement between the Mainland of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income (the “Arrangement”) is applicable, or (ii) if the Arrangement does not apply (i.e. the PRC tax authorities may deem us to be a conduit not entitled to treaty benefits), may be subject to a ten percent (10%) PRC withholding tax. Similarly, if we are treated as a non-resident enterprise, and Renovation is treated as a resident enterprise, then any dividends that we receive from Renovation (assuming such dividends were considered sourced within the PRC) may be subject to a ten percent (10%) PRC withholding tax. Any such taxes on dividends could materially reduce the amount of dividends, if any, that we could pay to our shareholders.
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Finally, the new “resident enterprise” classification could result in a situation in which a ten percent (10%) PRC tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our investors that are non-resident enterprises so long as such non-resident enterprise investors do not have an establishment or place of business in China or, despite the existence of such establishment of place of business in China, the relevant income is not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business in China, to the extent that such dividends have their sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of our shares by such investors is also subject to a ten percent (10%) PRC income tax if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within China. In such event, we may be required to withhold a ten percent (10%) PRC tax on any dividends paid to our investors that are non-resident enterprises. Our investors that are non-resident enterprises also may be responsible for paying PRC tax at a rate of ten percent (10%) on any gain realized from the sale or transfer of our common shares in certain circumstances. We would not, however, have an obligation to withhold PRC tax with respect to such gain.
Moreover, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice on Strengthening the Administration of Enterprise Income Tax on Share Transfer Income of Non-Resident Enterprises No. 698 (“Circular 698”) on December 10, 2009, which reinforces taxation on transfer of non-listed shares by non-resident enterprises through overseas holding vehicles. Circular 698 applies retroactively and was deemed to be effective as of January 2008. Pursuant to Circular 698, where (i) a foreign investor who indirectly holds equity interest in a PRC resident enterprise through an offshore holding company indirectly transfers equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise by selling the shares of the offshore holding company, and (ii) the offshore holding company is located in a jurisdiction where the effective tax rate is lower than twelve and a half percent (12.5%) or where the offshore income of its residents is not taxable, the foreign investor is required to provide the tax authority in charge of that PRC resident enterprise with certain relevant information within thirty (30) days of the transfer. The tax authorities in charge will evaluate the offshore transaction for tax purposes. In the event that the tax authorities determine that such transfer is abusing forms of business organization and there is no reasonable commercial purpose other than avoidance of PRC enterprise income tax, the tax authorities will have the power to conduct a substance-over-form re-assessment of the nature of the equity transfer. A reasonable commercial purpose may be established when the overall offshore structure is set up to comply with the requirements of supervising authorities of international capital markets. If the State Administration of Taxation’s challenge of a transfer is successful, they will deny the existence of the offshore holding company that is used for tax planning purposes. Since Circular 698 has a brief history, there is uncertainty as to its application.
General PRC Government Approval
As a wholesale distributor and retailer of pharmaceutical products, we are subject to regulation and oversight by different levels of the food and drug administration in China, in particular, the SFDA. The Drug Administration Law of the PRC, as amended, provides the basic legal framework for the administration of the production and sale of pharmaceutical products in China and governs the manufacturing, distributing, packaging, pricing, and advertising of pharmaceutical products in China. The corresponding implementation regulations set out detailed rules with respect to the administration of pharmaceuticals in China. We are also subject to other PRC laws and regulations that are applicable to business operators, retailers, and foreign-invested companies.
Distribution of Pharmaceutical Products
A distributor of pharmaceutical products must obtain a distribution permit from the relevant provincial or designated municipal- or county-level SFDA. The grant of such permit is subject to an inspection of the distributor’s facilities, warehouses, hygienic environment, quality control systems, personnel, and equipment. The distribution permit is valid for five (5) years, and the holder must apply for renewal of the permit within six (6) months prior to its expiration. In addition, a pharmaceutical product distributor needs to obtain a business license from the relevant administration for industry and commerce prior to commencing its business. All of our consolidated entities that engage in the retail pharmaceutical business have obtained necessary pharmaceutical distribution permits, and we do not expect to face any difficulties in renewing these permits and/or certifications.
In addition, under the Supervision and Administration Rules on Pharmaceutical Product Distribution, promulgated by the SFDA on January 31, 2007, and effective May 1, 2007, a pharmaceutical product distributor is responsible for its procurement and sales activities and is liable for the actions of its employees or agents in connection with their conduct of distribution on behalf of the distributor. A retail distributor of pharmaceutical products is not allowed to sell prescription pharmaceutical products or Tier A OTC pharmaceutical products listed in the national or provincial medical insurance catalogs without the presence of a certified in-store pharmacist. See “Reimbursement under the National Medical Insurance Program .”
Restrictions on Foreign Ownership of Wholesale or Retail Pharmaceutical Business in China
PRC regulations on foreign investment currently permit foreign companies to establish or invest in WFOEs or joint ventures that engage in wholesale or retail sales of pharmaceuticals in China. For retail sales, these regulations restrict the number and size of pharmacies that a foreign investor may establish. If a foreign investor owns more than thirty (30) stores that sell a variety of branded pharmaceutical products sourced from different suppliers, the foreign investor’s ownership interests in the stores are limited to forty nine percent (49%).
In lieu of equity ownership, our WFOE, Jiuxin Management, has entered into contractual arrangements with Jiuzhou Pharmacy and the Key Personnel.
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Good Supply Practice Standards
GSP standards regulate wholesale and retail pharmaceutical product distributors to ensure the quality of distribution of pharmaceutical products in China. All wholesale and retail pharmaceutical product distributors are required to apply for GSP certification within thirty (30) days after obtaining drug distribution permits. The current applicable GSP standards require pharmaceutical product distributors to implement strict controls on the distribution of medicine products, including standards regarding staff qualifications, distribution premises, warehouses, inspection equipment and facilities, management, and quality control. Specifically, the warehouse must be able to store the pharmaceutical products at various required temperatures and humidity, and handle transport, warehouse entries, delivery, and billing by computerized logistics management systems. The GSP certificate is usually valid for five (5) years. Currently, Jiuzhou Pharmacy, and Jiuxin Medicine are all GSP certified.
Prescription Administration
Under the Rules on Administration of Prescriptions promulgated by the SFDA, effective May 1, 2007, doctors are required to include the chemical ingredients of the medicine they prescribe in their prescription and are not allowed to include brand names in their prescription. This regulation is designed to provide consumers with choices among different pharmaceutical products that contain the same chemical ingredients.
Advertisement of Pharmaceutical Products
Under the Advertising Law of PRC, the contents of an advertisement must be true, lawful, without falsehood, and must neither deceive nor mislead consumers. Accordingly, advertisement must be examined by the competent authority prior to its publication or broadcast through any form of media. In addition, advertisement of pharmaceutical products may only be based on a drug’s approved indication of use statement, and may not contain any assurance of a product’s efficiency, treatment efficiency, curative rate, or any other information prohibited by law. Advertisement for certain drugs should include an admonishment to seek a doctor’s advice before purchasing and application. Advertising is prohibited for certain drugs such as anesthetics and psychotropic drugs.
To further prevent misleading advertising of pharmaceutical products, the SAIC and the SFDA jointly promulgated the Standards for Examination and Publication of Advertisements of Pharmaceutical Products and Measures for Examination of Advertisement of Pharmaceutical Products in March 2007. Under these regulations, an approval must be obtained from the provincial level of food and drug administration before a pharmaceutical product may be advertised. In addition, once approved, an advertisement’s content may not be altered without further approval. Such approval, once obtained, is valid for one (1) year.
Product Liability and Consumers Protection
Product liability claims may arise if the products sold have any harmful effect on consumers. The injured party may make a claim for damages or compensation. The General Principles of the Civil Law of the PRC, which became effective in January 1987, state that manufacturers and sellers of defective products causing property damage or injury shall incur civil liabilities for such damage or injuries.
The Product Quality Law of the PRC was enacted in 1993 and amended in 2000 to strengthen the quality control of products and protect consumers’ rights and interests. Under this law, manufacturers and distributors who produce or sell defective products may be subject to confiscation of earnings from such sales, revocation of business licenses, imposition of fines, and, in severe circumstances, may be subject to criminal liability.
The Administrative Measures for Drug Recalls was issued by the SFDA in December 2007, and covers two (2) types of drug recalls, namely voluntary recalls and compulsory recalls. Under such regulation, wholesalers are obliged to assist drug manufacturers with any drug recall. In addition, a wholesaler must immediately cease to sell any drug that the wholesaler learns has any safety issues, and must immediately notify the manufacturer or its supplier as well as report the matter to the SFDA.
The Law of the PRC on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Consumers was promulgated on October 31, 1993 and became effective on January 1, 1994 to protect consumers’ rights when they purchase or use goods or services. All business operators must comply with this law when they manufacture or sell goods and/or provide services to customers. In extreme situations, pharmaceutical product manufacturers and distributors may be subject to criminal liability if their goods or services lead to the death or injuries of customers or other third parties.
The Tort Law of the PRC was promulgated on December 26, 2009 and went into effect on July 1, 2010. The Tort Law provides that manufacturers and distributors who produce or sell defective products shall be responsible for the damage caused by the defective products.
Reimbursement under the National Medical Insurance Program
Eligible participants in the national medical insurance program, consisting primarily of urban residents, are entitled to purchase medicine when presenting their medical insurance cards in an authorized pharmacy, provided that the medicine they purchase has been included in the national or provincial medical insurance catalogs. Depending on relevant local regulations, authorized pharmacies can either (i) sell medicine on credit and obtain reimbursement from relevant government social security bureaus on a monthly basis, or (ii) receive payments from the participants at the time of their purchases, and the participants in turn obtain reimbursement from relevant government social security bureaus.
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Medications included in the national and provincial medical insurance catalogs are divided into two (2) tiers. Purchases of Tier A pharmaceutical products are generally fully reimbursable, except that certain Tier A pharmaceutical products are only reimbursable to the extent the medications are used specifically for the purposes stated in the medical insurance catalogs. Purchasers of Tier B pharmaceutical products, which are generally more expensive than those in Tier A, are required to make a certain percentage of co-payments, with the remaining amount being reimbursable. The percentage of reimbursement for Tier B OTC products varies in different regions in the PRC. Factors that affect the inclusion of medicine in the medical insurance catalogs include whether the medicine is consumed in large volumes and commonly prescribed for clinical use in China and whether it is considered to be important in meeting the basic healthcare needs of the general public.
China’s Ministry of Labor and Social Security, together with other government authorities, has the power to determine which medicines are included in the national medical insurance catalog every two (2) years, under which of the two (2) tiers the included medicine falls, and whether an included medicine should be removed from the catalog.
Sales of Nutritional Supplements and other Food Products
A distributor of nutritional supplements and other food products must obtain a food circulation permit from its local Administration of Industry and Commerce. The grant of such permit is subject to an inspection of the distributor’s facilities, warehouses, hygienic environment, quality control systems, personnel, and equipment. The food circulation permit is valid for three (3) years, and the holder must apply for renewal of the certificate within thirty (30) days prior to its expiration. Currently, Jiuxin Medicine, Jiuzhou Pharmacy, and our drugstores all hold a valid Food Circulation Permit, except for our Lin’an store and Ren’airu store, which do not sell food products and therefore is not required to hold such a permit. Currently all of our stores hold valid permits.
Medical Practice
Healthcare providers in China are required to comply with many laws and regulations at the national and local government levels. The laws and regulations applicable to our medical practice include the following:
| ● | We must register with and maintain an operating license from the local public health authority for each clinic that we operate, each of which is subject to annual review by the public health authority; |
| ● | The Licensed Physician Act requires that we only hire PRC licensed physicians; |
| ● | All waste material from our clinics must be properly collected, sterilized, deposited, transported and disposed of, and we are required to keep records of the origin, type and amount of all waste materials that we generate for at least three (3) years; |
| ● | We must have at least three (3) physicians, five (5) nurses and one (1) technician on staff at each clinic; and |
| ● | We must establish and follow protocols to prevent medical malpractice, which require us to: (i) insure that patients are adequately informed before they consent to medical operations or procedures; (ii) maintain complete medical records which are available for review by the patient, physicians and the courts; (iii) voluntarily report any event of malpractice to a local government agency; and (iv) support and justify the medical services we provide in any administrative investigation or litigation. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could suffer penalties, including the loss of our license to operate. |
Interim Regulations on Administration of Sino-Foreign Joint Venture and Cooperative Medical Institutions
As per China’s commitments to the World Trade Organization, “Foreign service suppliers are permitted to establish joint venture hospitals or clinics with local Chinese partners with quantitative limitations in line with China’s needs. Foreign majority ownership is permitted.” In accordance with the Interim Regulations on Administration of Sino-Foreign Joint Venture and Cooperative Medical Institutions issued jointly by the Ministry of Health (“MOH”) and the Ministry of Commerce (“MOFCOM”) in 2000, the Chinese party of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative medical institutions shall hold no less than thirty percent (30%) of shares and legal rights or interest, which also mean foreign investors are allowed to hold a maximum stake of seventy percent (70%). Such regulations also specify that the establishment of Sino-foreign joint venture and cooperative medical institutions should be approved respectively by MOH and MOFCOM. In other words, foreigners are allowed to run hospitals or clinics in the form of equity or co-operative joint ventures with an equity interest of up to seventy percent (70%) lasting up to twenty (20) years.
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Internet Pharmaceutical Sales
China’s central government regulates Internet access, the distribution of online information and the conduct of online commerce through strict business licensing requirements and other government regulations. Companies which sell pharmaceutical products to consumers through the Internet are required to obtain: (1) a drug distribution permit; (2) an Internet pharmaceutical information provider qualification certificate, renewable every five (5) years; (3) an Internet pharmaceutical transaction service qualification certificate, renewable every five (5) years; (4) a value-added telecommunication operation permit; and (5) registration with the Administration of Information Industry. Internet pharmacies are not allowed to distribute prescription drugs. The websites that sell pharmaceutical products must ensure transaction security and enable the consumers to consult with licensed pharmacists. Also, an Internet-based business in China is required to obtain and maintain certain assets relevant to its business, such as delivery and storage facilities. Jiuzhou Pharmacy obtained all above-mentioned certificates and registrations and launched www.dada360.com in May 2010 and renewed the certificates in 2015. During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company also sold pharmaceutical and other products via certain third-party platforms such as Tmall and JD.com.
TCM Manufacturing
The SFDA has adopted a non-mandatory licensing process for TCM manufacturers according to Good Agricultural Practice (“GAP”) for Chinese Crude Drugs. Manufacturers who meet the government-set requirements will be granted a GAP certificate. Since we do not process the herbs that we harvest and the GAP certification is not mandatory, we have not applied for such certification, and currently have no plan of doing so.
Environmental Matters
Our drugstore and wholesale operations do not involve any activities subject to specific PRC environmental regulations. Our medical clinics are in compliance with applicable regulations regarding the administration of medical wastes, including collections, temperate storage, and packaging and labeling of medical wastes. Pursuant to such regulations, we contract with DadiWeikang Medical Wastes Disposal Center to dispose of all medical wastes generated by our clinics.
Principal Executive Office
Our principal executive office is located at 6th Floor, Hai Wai Hai Tongxin Mansion, Gong Shu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. Our main telephone number is +86-571-88219579, and fax number is +86-571-8821-9579.
You should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information included in this report before making an investment decision with regard to our securities. The statements contained in or incorporated into this report that are not historic facts are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by forward-looking statements. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
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Risks Relating to Our Business in General
Future acquisitions are expected to be a part of our growth strategy, and could expose us to significant business risks.
We have grown our business, in part, through the acquisition of stores over the years. One of our strategies going forward is to continue our growth by acquiring additional drugstores. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to identify and secure suitable acquisition opportunities. Our ability to consummate and integrate effectively any future acquisitions on terms that are favorable to us may be limited by the number of attractive acquisition targets, internal demands on our resources and, to the extent necessary, our ability to obtain any necessary financing for larger acquisitions on terms that are satisfactory to us. Moreover, if an acquisition target is identified, the third parties with whom we seek to cooperate may not select us as a potential partner or we may not be able to enter into arrangements on commercially reasonable terms. The negotiation and completion of potential acquisitions, whether or not ultimately consummated, could also significantly divert management’s time and resources and may potentially disrupt our existing business. Furthermore, we cannot provide any assurance that the expected synergies from future acquisitions will actually materialize. Additionally, future acquisitions could result in the incurrence of additional indebtedness, costs, and contingent liabilities, causing us to significantly increase our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay for an acquisition or investment, issue common stock that would dilute our current shareholders’ percentage ownership, or incur write-offs and restructuring and other related expenses. Future acquisitions may also expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with:
| ● | the integration of new operations, services and personnel; | |
| ● | unforeseen or hidden liabilities; | |
| ● | the diversion of financial or other resources from our existing businesses; | |
| ● | difficulties in entering markets or lines of business in which we have no or limited direct prior experience; | |
| ● | our inability to generate sufficient revenue to recover costs and expenses of the acquisitions; and | |
| ● | potential loss of, or harm to, relationships with employees or customers. |
Any of the above could significantly disrupt our ability to manage our business and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face significant competition, and if we do not compete successfully against existing and new competitors, our revenue and profitability could be materially and adversely affected.
Both the drugstore, online pharmacy and wholesale pharmaceutical distribution industries in China are highly competitive, and we expect competition to intensify in the future. Our primary drugstore competitors include other drugstore chains and independent drugstores. Increasingly, we also face competition from discount stores, convenience stores and supermarkets as we expand our offering of non-drug convenience products and services. We compete for customers and revenue primarily on the basis of store location, merchandise selection, price, services offered, and our brand name. Our online pharmacy competitors include other online pharmaceutical vendors. As more large traditional drugstore chain companies entered into the online sales, we face competition ranging from prices to service. Our primary wholesale competitors include regional and national players. In addition, we may be subject to additional competition from new entrants to both industries in China. We could also face increased competition from foreign companies if the Chinese government removes the restrictions on the entry of foreign companies into these industries.
Some of our larger competitors may enjoy competitive advantages, such as:
| ● | greater financial and other resources; | |
| ● | larger variety of products; | |
| ● | more extensive and advanced supply chain management systems; | |
| ● | greater pricing flexibility; | |
| ● | larger economies of scale and purchasing power; | |
| ● | more extensive advertising and marketing efforts; |
| ● | greater knowledge of local market conditions; | |
| ● | stronger brand recognition; and | |
| ● | larger sales and distribution networks. |
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As a result of the aforementioned advantages, we may be unable to offer products similar to, or more desirable than, those offered by our competitors, market our products as effectively as our competitors, or otherwise respond successfully to competitive pressures. As competition increases in the markets in which we operate, a significant increase in general pricing pressures could occur, which could require us to reevaluate our pricing structures to remain competitive. Our competitors may be able to offer larger discounts on competing products, and we may not be able to profitably match those discounts. Furthermore, our competitors may offer products that are more attractive to our customers or that render our products uncompetitive. In addition, the timing of the introduction of competing products into the market could affect the market acceptance and market share of our products. Our failure to successfully compete could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation, and prospects.
Changes in economic conditions and consumer confidence in China may influence the drugstore industry, consumer preferences and spending patterns.
Our business and revenue growth primarily depend on the size of the pharmaceutical market in China. As a result, our revenue and profitability may be negatively affected by changes in national, regional or local economic conditions and consumer confidence in China. In particular, as we focus on our expansion of pharmacies in metropolitan markets, where living standards and consumer purchasing power are relatively high, we are especially susceptible to changes in economic conditions, consumer confidence and customer preferences of the urban Chinese population. External factors beyond our control that affect consumer confidence include unemployment rates, levels of personal disposable income, national, regional or local economic conditions, and acts of war or terrorism. Changes in economic conditions and consumer confidence could adversely affect consumer preferences, purchasing power and spending patterns. A decrease in overall consumer spending as a result of changes in economic conditions could adversely affect our front-end and pharmacy sales and negatively impact our profitability. In addition, acts of war or terrorism may cause damage to our facilities, disrupt the supply of the products and services we offer in our stores, or adversely impact consumer demand. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to timely identify or otherwise effectively respond to changing customer preferences, and we may fail to optimize our product offering and inventory position.
The pharmaceutical industry in China is rapidly evolving and is subject to rapidly changing customer preferences that are difficult to predict. Our success depends on our ability to anticipate and identify customer preferences, and adapt our product selection to meet these preferences. In particular, we must optimize our product selection and inventory positions based on sales trends. We cannot provide assurance that our product selection, especially our selection of nutritional supplements and food products, will accurately reflect customer preferences at any given time. If we fail to accurately anticipate either the market for our products or customers’ purchasing habits or fail to respond to customers’ changing preferences promptly and effectively, we may not be able to adapt our product selection to customer preferences or make appropriate adjustments to our inventory positions, which could significantly reduce our revenue and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends on our ability to establish effective advertising, marketing and promotional programs.
Our success depends on our ability to establish effective advertising, marketing and promotional programs, including pricing strategies implemented in response to competitive pressures and/or to drive demand for our products. Our advertisements are designed to promote our brand, our corporate image and the prices of products available for sale in our stores. Our pricing strategies and value propositions must be appropriate for our target customers. If we are not able to maintain and increase the awareness of our pharmacy’s brand and the products and services we provide, we may not be able to attract and retain customers and our reputation may also suffer. We expect to incur substantial expenses in our marketing and promotional efforts to both attract and retain customers. However, our marketing and promotional activities may be less successful than we anticipate, and may not be effective at building our brand awareness and customer base. In addition, the government may impose restrictions on how marketing and promotional activities can be conducted. We cannot provide assurance that our current and proposed budget for marketing activities will be adequate to support our future growth. Failure to successfully execute our advertising, marketing and promotional programs may result in material decreases in our revenue and profitability.
Our ability to grow our business may be constrained by our inability to find suitable new store locations at acceptable prices or by the expiration of our current leases.
Our ability to grow our business may be constrained if suitable new store locations cannot be identified with lease terms or purchase prices that are acceptable to us. We compete with other retailers and businesses for suitable locations for our stores. Local land use regulations and other regulations applicable to the kinds of stores we seek to construct may impact our ability to find suitable locations and influence the cost of constructing our stores. The expiration of leases at existing store locations may adversely affect us if the renewal terms of those leases are unacceptable to us and we are forced to close or relocate stores. Furthermore, changing local demographics at existing store locations could materially and adversely affect revenue and profitability levels at those stores, and overall our business, financial condition, results of operation, and prospects.
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We have significant cash deposits with our suppliers and landlords in order to obtain and maintain our inventory and maintain and establish store locations, which we may not be able to recover in the event of bankruptcy by our suppliers or landlords or other events beyond our control.
Our ability to obtain products and maintain inventory at, and to establish and maintain leases for, our pharmacies, is dependent upon our ability to post and maintain significant cash deposits with our suppliers and landlords. Many vendors in China are unwilling to ship merchandise on credit and instead require cash deposits, and landlords may require security deposits consisting of the equivalent of twelve (12) months of rent . As of March 31, 2020, we had approximately $2.2 million deposited with suppliers and approximately $2.8 million deposited with landlords for our pharmacies. If we are unable or unwilling to establish such advances and deposits, our ability to generate sales and expand our business could be adversely affected. In general, we expect the amounts required for advances and deposits to increase as we undertake our expansion plans, complete store openings and expand our business through acquisitions or otherwise. We do not generally receive interest on the deposits made to suppliers or landlords, and such deposits are subject to the risk of loss as a result of the creditworthiness or bankruptcy of the party who holds our funds, as well as the risk from any illegal acts associated with the third party, such as conversion, fraud, theft or dishonesty. If these circumstances were to arise, we could find it difficult or impossible, due to the unpredictability of legal proceedings in China, to recover all or a portion of the amount on deposit with our vendors or landlords.
If we are unable to optimize management of our procurement and distribution activities, we may be unable to meet customer demand while increasing the burden on managing our supply chain.
Since May 2011, we have been using Jiuxin Medicine’s facility as our distribution center for both our retail and wholesale businesses. Starting from March 31, 2018, we outsourced our logistic service to Astro Boy Cloud Pan (Hangzhou) Storage and Logistic Co. Ltd (“Astro Boy Logistic”). As a result, Jiuxin Medicine’s warehouse lease has been terminated. Astro Boy Logistic provides us with a facility with approximately 14,000 square meters located approximately eighteen (18) miles from our headquarters, which served as our central distribution center. Astro Boy Logistic’s staff and vehicles make regular deliveries to our pharmacies and wholesale customers. Our ability to meet customer demand may be significantly limited if we do not successfully and efficiently conduct our distribution activities, or if Astro Boy Logistic’s facility is destroyed or shut down for any reason, including as the result of natural disasters. Any disruption in the operation of our distribution activities could result in higher costs or longer lead times associated with distributing our products. Since it is difficult to predict accurate sales volume in our industry, we may be unable to optimize our distribution activities, which may result in excess or insufficient inventory, warehousing, fulfillment or distribution capacity. Furthermore, failure to effectively control product damage during the distribution process could decrease our operating margins and reduce our profitability.
All product procurement is handled through our corporate headquarters. Such centralization is intended to reduce the cost of goods sold as a result of volume purchase benefits. However, we may be less successful than anticipated in achieving these volume purchase benefits. In addition, such centralization is expected to increase the complexity of tracking inventory and could place additional burdens on the management of our supply chain. If we cannot successfully reduce our costs through centralizing procurement, our profitability and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Failure to maintain optimal inventory levels could increase our inventory holding costs or cause us to lose sales, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We need to maintain sufficient inventory levels to operate both of our retail and wholesale businesses successfully as well as meet customer expectations. However, we must also guard against the risk of accumulating excess inventory. We are exposed to inventory risks as a result of rapid changes in product life cycles, changing consumer preferences, uncertainty of the success of product launches, seasonality, and manufacturer backorders and other vendor-related problems. We cannot provide assurance that we can accurately predict these trends and events and avoid over-stocking or under-stocking products. In addition, demand for products could change significantly between the time product inventory is ordered and the time it is available for sale.
When we begin selling a new product, it is particularly difficult to accurately forecast product demand. The purchase of certain types of inventory may require significant lead-time. As we carry a broad selection of products and maintain significant inventory levels for a substantial portion of our merchandise, we may be unable to sell such inventory in sufficient quantities or during the relevant selling seasons. Carrying excess inventory could increase our inventory holding costs, and failure to have inventory in stock when a customer orders or purchases it could cause us to lose that order or that customer, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on computer software and hardware systems in managing our operations, the capacity of which may restrict our growth and the failure of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent upon our integrated information management system to monitor daily operations of our retail and wholesale businesses, and to maintain accurate and up-to-date operating and financial data for the compilation of management information. In addition, we rely on our computer hardware and network for the storage, delivery and transmission of the data of our retail and wholesale systems. If our computer software and hardware systems fail to meet the increasing needs of our expanding operations, our ability to grow may be constrained. Furthermore, any system failure which causes interruptions to the input, retrieval and transmission of data or causes lags in service time could disrupt our normal operations. Although we believe that our computer software and hardware systems are up to date and that our disaster recovery plan is adequate in handling potential failures, we cannot provide assurance that we can effectively carry out this disaster recovery plan and that we will be able to restore our operation within a sufficiently short time frame to avoid our business being disrupted. Furthermore, our systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches, vandalism, natural disasters, catastrophic events and human error, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. If any of our computer software and/or hardware systems are damaged, fail to function properly or otherwise become unavailable, we may incur substantial costs to repair or replace them, and may experience loss or corruption of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to perform critical functions. Due to the limited coverage of business interruption insurance policies offered in China, we do not carry business interruption insurance and, as a result, any business disruption or natural disaster could severely disrupt our business and operations and, in turn, significantly decrease our revenue and profitability.
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We depend substantially on the continuing efforts of the Key Personnel, and our business and prospects may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our future success is dependent on the continued services of the Key Personnel but we do not maintain key-man insurance. If we lose the services of any one of the Key Personnel, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, which could severely disrupt our business and prospects. Each of the Key Personnel has entered into confidentiality and non-competition agreements with us. However, if any disputes arise between us and the Key Personnel, we cannot provide assurance, in light of uncertainties associated with the PRC legal system, that any of these agreements can be enforced in China, the jurisdiction in which the Key Personnel reside and hold some of their assets. See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China - You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in China based on United States or other foreign laws against us or our management. ”
We depend on the continued service of, and on the ability to attract, motivate and retain a sufficient number of qualified and skilled personnel for our business.
The implementation of our business strategy and our future success also depend in large part on our continued ability to attract and retain highly qualified and skilled personnel. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to attract, hire and retain sufficient numbers of skilled personnel necessary to continue to develop and grow our business. We face competition for personnel from both retail and wholesale pharmaceutical distribution operators. This competition could require us to offer higher compensation and other benefits in order to attract and retain qualified individuals, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. On the other hand, we may be unable to attract or retain the personnel required to achieve our business objectives, and that failure could severely disrupt our business and prospects. The process of hiring suitably qualified personnel is often lengthy. If our recruitment and retention efforts are unsuccessful in the future, it may be more difficult for us to execute our business strategy.
Our retail and wholesale operations require a number of permits and licenses in order to carry on their business.
We are required to obtain certain permits and licenses from various PRC governmental authorities, including a Drug Distribution Permit and a GSP certification. We are also required to obtain food hygiene certificates for the distribution of nutritional supplements and food products. We cannot provide any assurance that we can maintain all required licenses, permits and certifications to carry on our business at all times, and from time to time we may have not been in the past, or may not be in the future, in compliance with all such required licenses, permits and certifications. Moreover, these licenses, permits and certifications are subject to periodic renewal and/or reassessment by the relevant PRC governmental authorities and the standards of such renewal or reassessment may change from time to time. We intend to apply for renewal of these licenses, permits and certifications when required by applicable laws and regulations. Any failure by us to obtain and maintain all licenses, permits and certifications necessary to carry on our business at any time could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any inability to renew any of these licenses, permits and certifications could severely disrupt our business, and prevent us from continuing to carry on our business. Any changes in the standards used by governmental authorities in considering whether to renew or reassess our business licenses, permits and certifications, as well as any enactment of new regulations that may restrict the conduct of our business, may also decrease our revenue and/or increase our costs, materially reducing our profitability and prospects. Furthermore, if the interpretation or implementation of existing laws and regulations changes or if new regulations come into effect requiring us to obtain any additional licenses, permits or certifications that were previously not required to operate our existing businesses, we cannot provide assurance that we can successfully obtain such licenses, permits or certifications.
We may need additional capital, and the sale of equity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders, while debts may require us to make covenants restricting how we operate.
We believe that the aggregate amount of our current cash, anticipated cash flow from operations, available borrowings under our existing bank facilities, and personal loans from our principal shareholders should be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the near future. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments. If our resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain credit facilities. The sale of additional equity securities could result in the dilution of our existing stockholders. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain any additional financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Even if we are able to obtain any requisite financing, the incurrence of additional indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations, and could result in further operating and financing covenants that would restrict our freedom to operate our business, such as conditions that:
| ● | limit our ability to pay dividends or require us to seek consent for the payment of dividends; | |
| ● | increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; | |
| ● | require us to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund capital expenditures, working capital and other general corporate purposes; and | |
| ● | limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry. |
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Risks Relating to Our Pharmacy Operations
Our brand names, trade secrets and other intellectual property are valuable assets. If we are unable to protect them from infringement, our business and prospects may be harmed.
We consider our pharmacy brand names to be valuable assets. We may be unable to prevent third parties from using such brand names without authorization, which may adversely affect our business and reputation, including the perceived quality and reliability of our products and services. We have five (5) registered trademarks. We also own three (3) domain names that we actively use in our business.
We rely on trade secrets to protect our know-how and other proprietary information, including pricing, purchasing, promotional strategies, customer lists and/or suppliers lists. As a result, our employees are required to sign employment agreements that contain confidentiality provisions as a condition of their employment with us. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. While we believe we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants, contractors or advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to competitors. In addition, confidentiality agreements executed by the aforementioned individuals may not be enforceable or provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure.
If we were to enforce a claim that a third party had illegally obtained and was using our trade secrets, such efforts could be expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome unpredictable. Additionally, if our competitors independently develop information that is equivalent to our trade secrets or other proprietary information, we have little recourse to enforce our rights, and our business and prospects could be harmed.
Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the intellectual property rights of others. However, since the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property rights in the PRC are uncertain and still evolving, we may not be successful in prosecuting these cases. In addition, any litigation, proceeding or other efforts to protect our intellectual property rights could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, and could seriously harm our business and operating results. Furthermore, the degree of future protection of our proprietary rights is uncertain and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage. If we are unable to protect our trade names, trade secrets and other propriety information from infringement, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
We may be exposed to intellectual property infringement and other claims by third parties which, if successful, could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to use our proprietary information and know-how without infringing third party intellectual property rights. As litigation becomes more common in China, we face a higher risk of being the subject of claims for intellectual property infringement, invalidity or indemnification relating to other parties’ proprietary rights. Our current or potential competitors, many of whom have substantial resources, may have or may obtain intellectual property protection that will prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to conduct our business in China. Moreover, the defense of intellectual property suits, including trademark infringement suits and related legal and administrative proceedings, can be both costly and time consuming and may significantly divert the efforts and resources of our management personnel. Furthermore, an adverse determination in any such litigation or proceeding to which we may become a party could cause us to:
| ● | pay damage awards; | |
| ● | seek licenses from third parties; | |
| ● | pay ongoing royalties; | |
| ● | redesign our product offerings; or | |
| ● | be restricted by injunctions, |
Each of which could effectively prevent us from pursuing some or all of our business and result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase from our stores, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The continued penetration of counterfeit products into the pharmaceutical market in China may damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Counterfeit products have continued to make their way into the Chinese pharmaceutical market. Counterfeit products are generally sold at lower prices compared to their authentic counterparts due to their low production costs, and in some cases may be very similar in appearance to their authentic counterparts. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals may or may not have the same chemical content as their authentic counterparts, and are typically manufactured without proper licenses or approvals as well as fraudulently mislabeled with respect to their content and/or manufacturer. Although China’s central government has been increasingly active in combating counterfeit pharmaceutical and other products, China does not yet have effective regulatory control or an enforcement system over counterfeit pharmaceutical products. Although we have implemented a series of quality control procedures in our procurement process, we cannot provide assurance that we may not be inadvertently selling counterfeit pharmaceutical products. Any unintentional sale of counterfeit products may subject us to negative publicity, fines and/or other administrative penalties, or may even result in litigation against us. Moreover, the increased distribution of counterfeit products and other products in recent years may reinforce the negative image of drug distributors among consumers in China. The continued proliferation of counterfeit products in China could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition, and results of operation.
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As a distributor of pharmaceutical and other healthcare products, we are exposed to inherent risks relating to product liability and personal injury claims.
Distributors of pharmaceutical and other healthcare products are exposed to risks inherent in the packaging and distribution of such products. Such risks include unintentional distribution of counterfeit, mislabeled or contaminated drugs, and, with respect to our pharmacies, improper filling of prescriptions, labeling of prescriptions and adequacy of warnings. Errors in the packaging or dispensing of pharmaceuticals could lead to serious injury or death. Furthermore, the applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations require our in-store pharmacists to offer counseling to our customers, without additional charge, about medication, dosage, delivery systems, common side effects, and other information the in-store pharmacists deem significant. Our in-store pharmacists sometimes also have a duty to warn customers regarding any potential negative effects of a prescription drug if the warning could reduce or negate these effects, and we may be liable for claims arising from any advice given by our in-store pharmacists. Product liability or personal injury claims may be asserted against us with respect to any of the products or pharmaceuticals we sell or services we provide, and we may be required to pay for substantial monetary damages for any successful product liability or personal injury claim against us. We may, however, in product liability claims, have the right under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations to recover from the relevant manufacturer any compensation we paid to our customers in connection with such claim. Even if we successfully defend ourselves against this type of claim, we could be required to spend significant management, financial and other resources in the process, which could disrupt our business. Our reputation and our brand names may also suffer as a result of any product liability or personal injury claims against us. Like many other similar companies in China, we do not carry product liability insurance. A product recall or damage to our reputation in the event of a product liability or personal injury claim or judgment against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to fines and penalties if we fail to comply with the applicable PRC laws and regulations governing sales of medicines under China’s National Medical Insurance Program.
Eligible participants in China’s national medical insurance program, mainly consisting of urban residents in China, are entitled to buy medicines using their medical insurance cards from an authorized pharmacy, provided that the medicines they purchase have been included in the national or provincial medical insurance catalogs. The pharmacy, in turn, obtains reimbursement from the relevant government social security bureaus. Moreover, the applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations prohibit pharmacies from selling goods other than pre-approved medicines when purchases are made with medical insurance cards. We have established procedures to prohibit our drugstores from selling unauthorized goods to customers who make purchases with medical insurance cards. However, we cannot provide assurance that those procedures will be strictly followed by all of our employees in all of our stores.
Risks Relating to Our Medical Services
If we do not attract and retain qualified physicians and other medical personnel, our ability to provide medical services would be adversely affected.
The success of our medical services will, in part, be dependent upon the number and quality of doctors, nurses and other medical support personnel that we employ and our ability to maintain good relationships with them. Our medical staff may terminate their employment with us at any time. If we are unable to successfully maintain good relationships with them, our ability to provide medical services may be adversely affected.
The provision of medical services is heavily regulated in the PRC and failure to comply with those regulations could result in penalties, loss of licensure, additional compliance costs or other adverse consequences.
Healthcare providers in China, as in most other populous countries, are required to comply with many laws and regulations at the national and local government levels. These laws and regulations relate to: licensing; the conduct of operations; the ownership of facilities; the addition of facilities and services; advertising; confidentiality, maintenance and security issues associated with medical records; billing for services; and prices for services. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could suffer penalties, including the loss of our licenses to operate. In addition, further healthcare legislative reform is likely, and could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations in the event that we do not comply or if the cost of compliance is prohibitive. The above list of certain regulated areas is not exhaustive, and it is not possible to anticipate the exact nature of future healthcare legislative reform in China. Depending on the priorities set by the Chinese Ministry of Health, the political climate at any given time, the continued development of the Chinese healthcare system and many other factors, future legislative reforms may be highly comprehensive, including stringent infection control policies, improved rural healthcare facilities, increased regulation of the distribution of pharmaceuticals, and numerous other policy matters. Consequently, the implications of these future reforms could result in penalties, loss of licensure, additional compliance costs or other adverse consequences we cannot foresee at the present time.
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As a provider of medical services, we are exposed to inherent risks relating to malpractice claims.
As a provider of medical services, any misdiagnosis or improper treatment may result in negative publicity regarding us or our services, which would harm our reputation. If we are found liable for malpractice, we may be required to pay substantial monetary damages. Furthermore, even if we successfully defend ourselves against a malpractice claim, we could be required to spend significant management, financial and other resources in the process, which could disrupt our business, and our reputation and brand name may also suffer. Since malpractice claims are not common in China, we do not carry malpractice insurance. As a result, any imposition of malpractice liability could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face competition that could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our clinics compete with a large number and variety of healthcare facilities in their respective markets. There are numerous government-run and private hospitals and clinics available to the general populace. There can be no assurance that these or other clinics, hospitals or other facilities will not commence or expand such operations, which would increase their competitive position. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that a healthcare organization that having greater resources in the provision or management of healthcare services will not decide to engage in operations similar to those being conducted by us in Hangzhou.
Risks Related to Our Herb Farming
Our herb farming business is subject to the volatility of prices for raw TCM herbs.
We currently planted gingko trees in our leased farm land. However, in the future, we may continue to cultivate and sell certain herbs in bulk to third-party vendors, based on local market prices primarily determined by TCM manufacturers and trading companies. Such market prices have increased significantly in recent years in response to changes in the supply of and demand for raw herbs, market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors that are beyond our control, including inflation, changes in weather, disease outbreaks, domestic government regulation, market speculation and overall economic conditions. There can be no assurance that market prices, which historically have fluctuated widely, will continue to increase or remain stable, and any future declines in prices may negatively impact the viability of our herb farming business.
Unforeseen and severe weather can reduce cultivation activities and lead to a decrease in anticipated harvest.
Seasonal climate change and weather variations such as levels of rainfall and temperature may, among other things, affect the quality, overall supply and availability of raw herbs. Sustained adverse weather conditions in Zhejiang Province in general and in Lin’an in particular where our herbs are planted, such as rain, extreme cold or snow, could disrupt or curtail cultivation activities. This in turn could reduce our anticipated harvest yields, delay the timing of our anticipated harvest and distribution, and negatively affect the quality of our harvest. In addition, natural disasters such as fires, earthquakes, snowstorms, floods or droughts, or natural conditions such as crop disease, pests or soil erosion, may also negatively impact our cultivation and harvest.
In addition, the actual climatic conditions of Zhejiang Province and of Lin’an in particular may not conform to historical patterns and may be affected by variations in weather patterns, including any potential impact of climate change. The effects of climate change may produce more unpredictable weather events that may adversely affect our ability to cultivate and harvest successfully.
The occurrence of any of these may materially harm our herb farming business.
We have limited control over the availability and the quality of the local farmers with whom we cooperate because we do not employ them directly.
We rely on local farmers to farm and harvest our herbs, but do not employ them directly. Instead, they are recruited and employed by the local villagers’ committees with whom we negotiate. We have limited control over the availability and the quality of this labor force. A shortage of suitable laborers may adversely affect our harvest yields.
Risks Related to Our Online Sales
We rely on computer software and hardware systems in managing our online sales, the capacity of which may restrict our growth and the failure of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are dependent upon our electronic commerce system to carry out our online sales. Any system failure which causes interruptions to the input, retrieval and transmission of data, or increases in service time could disrupt our normal operations. Although we believe we have a disaster recovery plan that can handle the failure of our computer software and hardware systems, we cannot provide assurance that we can effectively carry out this disaster recovery plan and that we will be able to restore our operation within a sufficiently short time frame to avoid disruption to our business. Any failure in our computer software and/or hardware systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if the capacity of our computer software and hardware systems fails to meet the increasing needs of our operations, our ability to grow may be constrained.
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The operation results of our online business fluctuates and we cannot assure our efforts for alternative vendors will result in the stable increase in revenues from online pharmacy in the coming years
Our online pharmacy sales increased by approximately $4,756,756, or 54.1% for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. The increase was caused by both an increase in sales via e-commerce platforms such as Tmall and an increase in sales via our official site. Popular products at reasonable prices are key to success in online business. In order to promote our sales, we focused on the selection of medical equipment suitable to local customers. For example, sales of blood glucose meters and contact lens contributed significantly to our revenue in the year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period a year ago. Additionally, we maintained a membership care program which targeted at chronic disease customers. We have closely interacted with our members via Wechat by providing healthcare knowledge and reminding our customers to refill medicine. By implementing a personalized customer care program, we were able to promote our sales. As a result, our sales via these e-commerce platforms increased by 58.3% period over period. The sales via our official website were primarily made by certain pharmacy benefit management providers and insurance companies. There can be of no assurance that our online pharmacy sales will continue to increase in the future despite of our relentless efforts. If our online pharmacy sales do not grow as we expect in the future, our operation results may be materially impacted in a negative manner.
If our online business fails to obtain and maintain the requisite assets, licenses, qualified personnel and approvals required under the complex regulatory environment for Internet-based businesses in China, the business prospects for such business may be materially and adversely affected.
Internet-based businesses in China are highly regulated by China’s central government, and numerous regulatory authorities are empowered to issue and implement regulations governing various aspects of these businesses. Our online business is operated by our PRC subsidiary, Jiuzhou Pharmacy, which is required to obtain and maintain certain assets relevant to its business, such as computers and other electrical equipment, as well as applicable licenses or approvals from different regulatory authorities. These assets and licenses are essential to the operation of an e-commerce business and are generally subject to annual review by the relevant governmental authorities. Furthermore, we may be required to obtain additional licenses. If we fail to obtain or maintain any of the required assets, licenses or approvals, our Internet business may be deemed illegal and it may be subject to various penalties, such as confiscation of illegal income, fines, and/or the discontinuation or restriction of its operations. Any such disruption may materially and adversely affect the prospects of our online business.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
Chinese regulations limit foreign ownership of any pharmacy operator with thirty (30) or more stores, and limit foreign ownership of medical clinics to Sino-foreign joint venture. The entities that operate our pharmacies and clinics are controlled by us through contractual arrangements. The validity of such contractual arrangements is uncertain. If the Chinese government determines that these contractual arrangements do not comply with applicable regulations, we could be subject to severe penalties and our business could be adversely affected. In addition, changes in the relevant Chinese laws and regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.
Current PRC regulations limit foreign ownership of a pharmacy operator to forty nine percent (49%) if such operator owns interests in thirty (30) or more drugstores in China that sell a variety of branded pharmaceutical products sourced from different suppliers. Since we do not own any equity interests in Jiuzhou Pharmacy (or its subsidiary Jiuxin Medicine), but instead control it through contractual arrangements, we do not believe that the regulations limiting foreign ownership apply to us even if Jiuzhou Pharmacy or Jiuxin Medicine expands beyond thirty (30) stores. In fact, Jiuzhou Pharmacy has expended to one hundred and eighteen (118) stores as of March 31, 2020.
Similarly, PRC regulations restrict foreign ownership of medical practices in China to Sino-foreign joint ventures. Since we do not have any actual equity interest in Jiuzhou Clinic or Jiuzhou Service, but control these entities through contractual arrangements, we do not believe that such PRC regulations are applicable to us or our structure.
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There are, however, uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws, rules and regulations, including but not limited to the laws, rules and regulations governing the validity and enforcement of our contractual arrangements. Although the structures for operating our business in China (including our corporate structure and contractual arrangements with Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic, Jiuzhou Service and the Key Personnel) comply with all applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and do not violate, breach, contravene or otherwise conflict with any applicable PRC laws, rules or regulations, we cannot provide assurance that a regulatory authority will not determine that our corporate structure and contractual arrangements violate PRC laws, rules or regulations. If any such authority determines that our contractual arrangements are in violation of applicable PRC laws, rules or regulations, our contractual arrangements may become invalid or unenforceable, and we may not be able to consolidate the operations of HJ Group with our results of operations. In addition, new PRC laws, rules and regulations may be introduced from time to time to impose additional requirements that may be applicable to our contractual arrangements. For example, pursuant to the PRC Property Rights Law that became effective on October 1, 2007 (the “Property Law”), the pledge of any equity interests of a PRC private entity shall become effective once it is duly registered with the local branches of the SAIC. Following the promulgation of the Property Law, the SAIC further issued the Administrative Measures for Registrations of Share Pledge on September 1, 2008, which provided detailed procedural guidance for the local SAIC offices to handle the registrations of pledged shares. The Equity Pledge Agreement that forms a part of the contractual arrangements creates a legally binding obligation on the parties upon the execution date; however, the pledge established under such agreement does not become effective until due registration with the local SAIC office. On May 18, 2010, registration of the pledged equity interests in Jiuzhou Pharmacy was completed.
The Chinese government has broad discretion in dealing with violations of laws and regulations, including levying fines, revoking business and other licenses, and requiring actions necessary for compliance. In particular, licenses and permits issued or granted to us by the relevant governmental bodies may be revoked at a later time by higher regulatory bodies. We cannot predict the effect of the interpretation of existing or new Chinese laws or regulations on our businesses. We cannot provide assurance that our current ownership and operating structure will not be found in violation of any current or future Chinese laws or regulations. As a result, we may be subject to sanctions, including fines, and could be required to restructure our operations or cease the provision of certain services. Any of these or similar actions could significantly disrupt our business operations or restrict us from conducting a substantial portion of our business operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are determined to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws, rules or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required governmental permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violations, including:
| ● | revoking the business and operating licenses of the HJ Group entities; | |
| ● | discontinuing or restricting the operations of the HJ Group entities; | |
| ● | imposing conditions or requirements with which we or the HJ Group entities may not be able to comply; | |
| ● | requiring us or the HJ Group entities to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations; and/or | |
| ● | imposing fines. |
The imposition of any of these penalties would severely disrupt our ability to conduct business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We may be adversely affected by complexity, uncertainties and changes in Chinese regulation of drugstores and the practice of medicine.
The Chinese government regulates drugstores and the practice of medicine, including foreign ownership and requirements for licenses and permits. These laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainty. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be a violation of applicable laws and regulations.
The interpretation and application of existing Chinese laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, pharmaceutical businesses in China, including our business. We currently only have contractual control over the HJ Group entities, and do not own them due to the restrictions on foreign ownership of such companies. However, changes to laws in the PRC may force us to restructure our ownership structure or our operations, which would severely disrupt our ability to conduct business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Uncertainties relating to the regulation of drugstores and medical practice in China also extend to evolving licensing practices, which means that permits, licenses or operations at our company may be subject to challenge. This may disrupt our business or subject us to sanctions, requirements to increase capital, or other conditions or enforcement. In turn, this could compromise enforceability of related contractual arrangements, or have other harmful effects on us.
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Our contractual arrangements with HJ Group and the Key Personnel may not be as effective in providing control over these entities as direct ownership.
We have no equity ownership interest in HJ Group, and rely on contractual arrangements to control and operate the HJ Group companies and their businesses. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing control over these companies as direct ownership. For example, any one of them could fail to take actions required for our business despite its contractual obligation to do so. Under such circumstances, we may have to rely on legal remedies under Chinese law, which may not be effective in providing us any relief. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that the Key Personnel will act in our best interests.
Since we rely on contractual arrangements to control HJ Group and for substantially all of our revenue, the termination of such agreements will severely and detrimentally affect our continuing business viability under our current corporate structure.
Since we do not own equity interests of HJ Group, the termination of our contractual arrangements with them would sever our ability to continue receiving payments from them under our current holding company structure. We cannot provide assurance that there will not be any event or reason that may cause the contractual arrangements to terminate. In the event that the contractual arrangements terminate, we will lose our control over them and their business operations and, as a result, over our primary sources of revenue. This may have a severe and detrimental effect on our continuing business viability under our current corporate structure, which in turn may affect the value of your investment. Should this occur, we may seek to acquire control of HJ Group through other means, although we cannot guarantee that we will do so, nor can we guarantee that we will be successful if we do.
We rely principally on dividends paid by our consolidated operating entities to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our consolidated PRC entities to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company and rely principally on dividends paid by our consolidated PRC operating entities for cash requirements, including the funds required to service any debt we may incur, which are passed on to us through Jiuxin Management. If any of the consolidated operating entities incurs debt in its own name in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict dividends or other distributions on our equity interest to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require us to adjust our taxable income under the contractual arrangements in a manner that would materially and adversely affect our ability to pay dividends and other distributions on our equity interest.
Furthermore, applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations permit payment of dividends by our consolidated PRC entities only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards. Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, our consolidated PRC entities are required to set aside at least ten percent (10%) of their after-tax profit each year, based on PRC accounting standards, into their statutory surplus reserve funds until the accumulative amount of such reserves reaches fifty percent (50%) of their respective registered capital. As a result, our consolidated PRC entities are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net income to us whether in the form of dividends, loans or advances. As of March 31, 2020, our restricted reserves totaled $1,309,109(RMB 9,460,695). Our restricted reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Any limitation on the ability of our consolidated operating entities to pay dividends to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
Certain management members of HJ Group have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may adversely affect our business and your ability for recourse.
Mr. Lei Liu, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors, is also the executive director of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, a general partner of Jiuzhou Clinic, and the supervising director of Jiuzhou Service. In addition, Mr. Liu has also lent us money out of his personal funds to help facilitate our payments of expenses in the U.S., as well as to purchase a land use right. Ms. Li Qi, our Corporate Secretary and a member of our Board of Directors, is the general manager of each of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service, and a general partner of Jiuzhou Clinic. Conflicts of interests between their respective duties to our company and HJ Group may arise. As our directors and executive officers, they have a duty of loyalty and care to us under U.S. and Hong Kong law when there are any potential conflicts of interests between our company and HJ Group. We cannot provide assurance, however, that when any conflicts of interest arise, both of them will act completely in our interests or that conflicts of interests will be resolved in our favor. For example, they may determine that it is in HJ Group’s interests to sever the contractual arrangements with Jiuxin Management, irrespective of the effect such action may have on us. In addition, either one of them could violate his or her legal duties by diverting business opportunities from us to others, thereby affecting the amount of payment that HJ Group is obligated to remit to us under the Consulting Services Agreement.
In the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under securities laws or otherwise as a result of any one of the circumstances described above, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against HJ Group, or our officers or directors who are members of the management, all of whom reside within China. Even if you are successful in bringing an action, the laws of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against the assets of HJ Group and its management, all of which are located in China.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in China
We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE for our operations, which may not be as effective in providing control over these entities as direct ownership.
Our operations and financial results are dependent on our VIEs, Jiuzhou Pharmacy (including its subsidiaries and controlled entities), Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service, in which we have no equity ownership interest and must rely on contractual arrangements to control and operate the businesses of our VIEs. These contractual arrangements are not as effective in providing control over the VIEs as direct ownership. For example, the VIEs may be unwilling or unable to perform its contractual obligations under our commercial agreements. Consequently, we would not be able to conduct our operations in the manner currently planned. In addition, the VIEs may seek to renew its agreements on terms that are disadvantageous to us. Although we have entered into a series of agreements that provide us with substantial ability to control the VIEs, we may not succeed in enforcing our rights under them insofar as our contractual rights and legal remedies under PRC law are inadequate. In addition, if we are unable to renew these agreements on favorable terms when these agreements expire or enter into similar agreements with other parties, our business may not be able to operate or expand, and our operating expenses may significantly increase.
In January 2015, China’s Ministry of Commerce released draft legislation that could change how the government regulates corporate structures, especially for VIEs controlled by foreign investments. Instead of looking at “ownership”, the draft law focused on the entities or individuals hold control of a VIE. If a VIE is deemed to be controlled by foreign investors, it may be barred from operating in restricted sectors or the prohibited sectors listed on a “negative list”, where only companies controlled by Chinese nationals could operate, even if structured as VIEs. As of the report date, no formal legislation has been implemented.
In the event that the draft law is implemented in any form, and that the Company’s business was characterized as one of the “restricted” or “prohibited” sectors, the VIEs the Company currently maintains contractual arrangements with may be barred from operation which will materially adversely affect our business.
Changes in the policies of the PRC government could have a significant impact upon the business we may be able to conduct in the PRC and the profitability of such business.
Policies of the PRC government can have significant effects on economic conditions in China. Our interests may be adversely affected by changes in policies by the PRC government, including:
| ● | changes in laws, regulations or their interpretation; | |
| ● | confiscatory taxation; | |
| ● | restrictions on currency conversion, imports or sources of supplies and export tariff; and | |
| ● | expropriation or nationalization of private enterprises. |
Although the PRC government has been pursuing economic reform policies for more than two (2) decades, we cannot assure you that the government will continue to pursue such policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption, or other circumstances affecting the PRC’s political, economic and social life.
Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could adversely affect us.
We conduct our business through our subsidiaries and controlled companies in the PRC. Our operations in China are governed by Chinese laws and regulations. We are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws applicable to WFOE. The Chinese legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.
Since 1979, Chinese legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and their nonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the Chinese legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources and our management’s attention.
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You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in China against us or our management based on United States or other foreign laws.
We are a holding company and conduct our business through our subsidiaries and controlled companies in the PRC. In addition, all of our operating assets are located in, and all of our other senior executive officers reside within, China. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside China upon those of our senior executive officers and directors that do not reside in the United States, including with respect to matters arising under U.S. federal securities laws or applicable state securities laws. Moreover, our Chinese counsel has advised us that China does not have treaties with the United States or many other countries providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgment of courts. As a result, our public shareholders may face substantially more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management or directors than would shareholders of a corporation with assets and management located in the United States.
We may need to obtain additional governmental approvals to open new drugstores. Our inability to obtain such approvals will have a material adverse effect on our business and growth.
According to the Measures on the Administration of Foreign Investment in the Commercial Sector (the “Measures”) promulgated by China’s Ministry of Commerce (the “MOC”), which became effective on June 1, 2004, a company that is directly owned by a foreign invested enterprise needs to obtain relevant governmental approvals before it opens new retail stores. However, there are no specific laws, rules or regulations with respect to whether such approvals are necessary for a company that is contractually controlled by a foreign invested enterprise. In addition, the Measures state that the MOC will promulgate a detailed implementation regulation to govern foreign invested enterprises engaging in drug sale. However, such implementation regulation has not yet been promulgated. Therefore, we cannot provide assurance that the MOC will not require such approvals to be obtained, or as to when any regulation of such requirements may be implemented. If additional governmental approvals are deemed to be necessary and we are unable to obtain such approvals on a timely basis or at all, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of our common stock, will be materially and adversely affected.
The advent of recent healthcare reform directives from China’s central government may increase both competition and our cost of doing business.
Under the auspices of the Healthy China 2020 program (the “Program”), published by China’s National Development and Reform Commission in October 2008, the central government has set in motion a series of policies in fairly rapid succession aimed to improve China’s healthcare system. Such policies include (1) discouraging hospitals from both prescribing and dispensing medication, (2) the unveiling in April 2009 of formal healthcare reform guidelines aimed at improving the availability of and subsidies for “essential” drugs, and (3) the announcement in August 2009 of China’s National Essential Drugs List (“NEDL”), initially listing approximately three hundred (300) medicines to be sold at government-controlled prices. While an underlying goal of these policies is to make drugs more accessible to China’s poorer population, these policies also serve to create opportunities that in turn will intensify business competition in the Chinese retail drugstore industry, as well as competition for skilled labor and retail spaces. Additionally, we expect the NEDL to result in a rise in the number of government-subsidized community healthcare service centers, which in turn may erode the convenience and price advantage that our drugstores traditionally enjoy against hospitals.
The PRC’s labor law restricts our ability to reduce our workforce in the PRC in the event of an economic downturn and may increase our production costs.
In June 2007, the National People’s Congress of the PRC enacted new labor law legislation called the Labor Contract Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008 (the “LC Law”). The LC Law formalized workers’ rights concerning overtime hours, pensions, layoffs, employment contracts and the role of trade unions. Considered one of the strictest labor laws in the world, among other things, the LC Law provides for specific standards and procedures for the termination of an employment contract and places the burden of proof on the employer. In addition, the law requires the payment of a statutory severance pay upon the termination of an employment contract in most cases, including the case of the expiration of a fixed-term employment contract. Further, the LC Law requires an employer to conclude an “employment contract without a fixed-term” with any employee who either has worked for the same employer for ten (10) consecutive years or more or has had two (2) consecutive fixed-term contracts with the same employer. An “employment contract without a fixed term” can no longer be terminated on the ground of the expiration of the contract, although it can still be terminated pursuant to the standards and procedures set forth under the new law. Because of the lack of implementing rules for the LC Law and the precedents for the enforcement of such a law, the standards and procedures set forth under the LC Law in relation to the termination of an employment contract have raised concerns among foreign investment enterprises in the PRC that such “employment contract without a fixed term” might in fact become a “lifetime, permanent employment contract.” Finally, under the LC Law, downsizing of either more than twenty (20) people or more than ten percent (10%) of the workforce may occur only under specified circumstances, such as a restructuring undertaken pursuant to the PRC’s Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, or where a company suffers serious difficulties in production and/or business operations, or where there has been a material change in the objective economic circumstances relied upon by the parties at the time of the conclusion of the employment contract, thereby making the performance of such employment contract impossible. To date, there has been very little guidance and precedent as to how such specified circumstances for downsizing will be interpreted and enforced by the relevant PRC authorities. All of our employees working for us exclusively within the PRC are covered by the LC Law and thus, our ability to adjust the size of our operations when necessary in periods of recession or less severe economic downturns may be curtailed. Accordingly, if we face future periods of decline in business activity generally or adverse economic periods specific to our business, the LC Law can be expected to exacerbate the adverse effect of the economic environment on our results of operations and financial condition.
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We cannot be certain that the Chinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the Renminbi, especially with respect to foreign exchange transactions.
Fluctuations in the value of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. The change in value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar is affected by, among other things, changes in PRC’s political and economic conditions. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current structure, our income is primarily derived from payments from the three (3) HJ Group companies. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our subsidiaries and our PRC affiliated entities to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing Chinese foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses, such as the repayment of bank loans denominated in foreign currencies. The Chinese government may also, at its discretion, restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our stockholders.
From 1995 until July 2005, the People’s Bank of China intervened in the foreign exchange market to maintain an exchange rate of approximately Renminbi 8.3 per U.S. dollar. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed this policy and began allowing modest appreciation of the Renminbi versus the U.S. dollar. Under the new policy, the Renminbi was permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy caused the Renminbi to appreciate approximately 21.5% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. As a consequence, the Renminbi has fluctuated sharply since July 2008 against other freely traded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may last and when and how it may change again. There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a substantial liberalization of its currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation in the value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from securities offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our common stock or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In August 2015, the PRC Government devalued its currency by approximately 3%, represented the largest yuan depreciation for 20 years. Concerns remain that China’s slowing economy, and in particular its exports, will need a stimulus that can only come from further cuts in the exchange rate.
Fluctuations in the value of RMB may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
The value of RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. Our revenues, costs, and financial assets are mostly denominated in RMB, while our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, this may result in gains or losses from currency translation on our financial statements. We rely entirely on fees paid to us by our affiliated entities in China. Therefore, any significant fluctuation in the value of RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues, earnings, financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our stock in U.S. dollars. For example, an appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar would, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into RMB for such purposes, make any new RMB denominated investments or expenditures more costly to us. An appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollar would result in foreign currency translation gains for financial reporting purposes when we translate our RMB denominated financial assets into U.S. dollars, as the U.S. dollar is our reporting currency.
In addition, appreciation or depreciation in the value of the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollars without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. The income statements of our operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates in each applicable period. To the extent the U.S. dollar strengthens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currencies denominated transactions results in reduced revenue, operating expenses and net income for our international operations. Similarly, to the extent the U.S. dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currency denominated transactions results in increased revenue, operating expenses and net income for our international operations. We are also exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as we convert the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars in consolidation. If there is a change in foreign currency exchange rates, the conversion of the foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements into U.S. dollars will lead to a translation gain or loss, which is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all.
Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the proceeds we receive from our financing activities and might not apply the proceeds in ways that increase the value of your investment.
Our management will have broad discretion to use the net proceeds from any offerings we may conduct from time to time, and the shareholders will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of these proceeds. Except as described in our offering books, the net proceeds received by us from our offerings will be added to our general funds and will be used for general corporate purposes. Our management might not apply the net proceeds from offerings of our securities in ways that increase the value of your investment and might not be able to yield a significant return, if any, on any investment of such net proceeds. You may not have the opportunity to influence our decisions on how to use such proceeds.
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Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service are subject to restrictions on making payments to us.
We rely substantially on our contractual arrangements with Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service for our revenue. The Chinese government also imposes controls on the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of China. We may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency. Furthermore, if these companies incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to make payments. If we are unable to receive all of the revenues from our operations through these contractual arrangements, we may be unable to pay dividends on our common shares.
Dividends we receive from our subsidiaries located in the PRC may be subject to PRC withholding tax.
The EIT Law provides that a maximum income tax rate of twenty percent (20%) is applicable to dividends payable to non-PRC investors that are “non-resident enterprises,” to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC. However, the State Council has reduced such rate to ten percent (10%) through the implementation regulations. We are a Nevada holding company and substantially all of our income is derived from our subsidiaries and controlled companies located in the PRC. Therefore, dividends paid to us from China may be subject to the ten percent (10%) income tax if we are considered a “non-resident enterprise” under the EIT Law. If we are required to pay income tax for any dividends we receive from our PRC subsidiaries under the EIT Law and its implementation regulations, it may have a material and adverse effect on our net income and materially reduce the amount of dividends, if any, we may pay to our shareholders.
We face risks related to disease epidemics and other outbreaks.
Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious disease, including the current outbreak of respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus. Any outbreak of contagious diseases, and other adverse public health developments, particularly in China, could have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. These could include disruptions or restrictions on our ability to travel or to distribute our products, as well as temporary closures of our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers or customers. Any disruption or delay of our suppliers, manufacturers or customers would likely impact our sales and operating results. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of China and many other countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products and significantly impact our operating results. Amidst the COVID-19 outbreak, we experienced a decline in the number of customer visits during the first three months of calendar 2020 due to the implementation of the lockdown policy in China. In addition, because some of our employees could not come to the workplace, we were short of staff which slowed down our logistic service and impacted our customer service at stores. However, as China is gradually controlling the spread of COVID-19, we believe these negative impacts are temporary. Currently we are unable to accurately predict the future impact of COVID-19 due to the developing circumstances and uncertainty surrounding this current pandemic, including the ultimate geographic spread of COVID-19, the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, and effectiveness of the actions that may be taken by governmental authorities. The management has been closely monitoring the impact caused by COVID-19 and we will continue to operate our business as steadily and safely as we can.
Failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are required to comply with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which generally prohibits United States companies from engaging in bribery or other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Foreign companies, including some that may compete with us, are not subject to these prohibitions, and therefore may have a competitive advantage over us. Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices may occur in the PRC. If our competitors engage in these practices, they may receive preferential treatment in the PRC, giving them an advantage in securing business, which would put us at a disadvantage. We cannot provide assurance that our employees or other agents will not engage in such conduct for which we might be held responsible. If our employees or other agents are found to have engaged in such practices, we could suffer severe penalties and other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If relations between the United States and China worsen, investors may be unwilling to hold or buy our stock and our stock price may decrease.
At various times in recent years, the United States and China have had significant disagreements over political and economic issues. Controversies may arise in the future between the two countries. Any political or trade controversies between the United States and China, whether or not directly related to our business, could reduce the price of our common stock.
Our auditor, like other independent registered public accounting firms operating in China, is not permitted to be subject to inspection by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and consequently investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection.
Our independent registered public accounting firm issued an audit opinion on the financial statements included in our annual reports filed with the SEC. Our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit documentation related to their audit reports included in our annual reports is located in China, and audit procedures take place within China’s borders. As auditors of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, our auditor is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB. However, work papers located in China are not currently inspected by the PCAOB because the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the PRC authorities.
Inspections of certain other firms that the PCAOB has conducted outside of China have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. However, the PCAOB is currently unable to inspect an auditor’s audit work related to a company’s operations in China and where such documentation of the audit work is located in China. As a result, our investors may be deprived of the benefits of the PCAOB’s oversight of auditors that are located in China through such inspections.
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On December 7, 2018, the SEC and the PCAOB issued a joint statement highlighting continued challenges faced by the U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations outside United States, especially in China. On April 21, 2020, the SEC and the PCAOB issued another joint statement highlighting the significant disclosure, financial reporting and other risks associated with emerging market investments, including the PCAOB’s continued inability to inspect audit work papers in China. These joint statements reflect a heightened interest in an issue that has vexed U.S. regulators in recent years. However, it remains unclear what further actions the SEC and the PCAOB will take to address the problem and its impact on Chinese companies listed in the United States.
The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of an auditor’s work papers in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of any of our auditor’s audit procedures or quality control procedures that may be located in China as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to PCAOB inspections. Investors may consequently lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures and the quality of our financial statements.
In June 2019, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of the U.S. Congress, and passed requiring the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which the PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate an auditor report issued by a foreign public accounting firm. The proposed Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based Listings on our Exchanges (EQUITABLE)Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for these issuers and, beginning in 2025, the delisting from U.S. national securities exchanges of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years. On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which in effect would prohibit securities of any registrant from being listed on any of the U.S. securities exchanges or traded “over-the-counter” if registrant’s financial statements have, for a period of three years, been audited by an accounting firm branch or office that is not subject to PCAOB inspection. Enactment of any of such legislations or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the stock price could be adversely affected. There is uncertainty as to whether and when these bills or legislations will be enacted in the proposed form, or at all.
The slowing economic growth in China may assert a negative impact on our operation and financial results.
According to several articles published by the Wall Street Journal, CNN, and BBC News in January 2016, after experiencing rapid growth for more than a decade, China’s economy has been hit by shrinking foreign and domestic demand, weak investment, factory overcapacity and oversupply in the property market, and has experienced a painful slowdown in the last two years. In 2016, China’s economy grew by 6.7%, compared with 6.9% a year earlier, marking its slowest growth in a quarter of a century. As the government tried to shift the growth engine away from manufacturing and debt-fueled investment toward the services sector and consumer spending, the outlook of the Chinese economy is uncertain.
In the next two to three years, China’s growth performance could deteriorate because of the overhang of its real estate bubble, massive manufacturing overcapacity, and the lack of new growth engines. The International Monetary Fund expected China’s economy to grow by 6.4% in 2018-2020. If China’s economy slows down further, it may negatively affect our business operation and financial results.
Risks Related to an Investment in Our Securities
To date, we have not paid any cash dividends and no cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.
We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and we may not have sufficient funds legally available to pay dividends. Even if the funds are legally available for distribution, we may nevertheless decide not to pay any dividends. We intend to retain all earnings for our operations.
NASDAQ may delist our common stock from trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market for failing to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00, which could limit investors’ ability to effect transactions in our common stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
On May 9, 2013, we received a letter from The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”), notifying us of our failure to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 over the then preceding thirty (30) consecutive trading days for its common stock, as required by NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”). The letter stated that the company had until November 5, 2013, to demonstrate compliance by maintaining a minimum closing bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive trading days. In the meantime, we were included in a list of non-compliant companies posted on NASDAQ’s website commencing on May 16, 2013.
On November 6, 2013, NASDAQ granted us an additional 180-day period, or until May 5, 2014, to remain listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule. Under NASDAQ Listing Rules, we were granted this extension because we met the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable NASDAQ listing requirements, except the bid price requirement.
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On January 16, 2014, we received a letter from NASDAQ notifying us that we had regained compliance with the Bid Price Rule, as the closing bid price of our common stock had been at or above $1.00 per share for at least 10 consecutive trading days. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will remain compliant with the Bid Price Rule in the future. In the year ended March 31, 2020, our stock prices range from $1.01 to $3.35. If NASDAQ delists our common stock from trading on its exchange, we could face significant material adverse consequences including:
| ● | a limited availability of market quotations for our common stock; | |
| ● | a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for our company; and | |
| ● | a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
Although publicly traded, the trading market in our common stock may be substantially less liquid than the average stock quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market, and such low trading volume may adversely affect the price of our common stock.
Although our common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market since April 22, 2010, the historical trading volume of our common stock has generally been low. Limited trading volume will subject our shares of common stock to greater price volatility and may make it difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock at a price that is attractive to you.
The market price for our stock may be volatile, and such volatility may subject us to securities litigation.
The market price for our stock may be volatile and, when compared to seasoned issuers, subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:
| ● | actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results; | |
| ● | changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts; | |
| ● | conditions in the retail pharmacy markets; | |
| ● | changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other retail pharmacy operators; | |
| ● | announcements by us or our competitors of new products, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; | |
| ● | addition or departure of key personnel; | |
| ● | fluctuations of exchange rates between RMB and the U.S. dollar; | |
| ● | intellectual property litigation; and | |
| ● | general economic or political conditions in China. |
As an illustration of such volatility, the closing price of our common stock during the fifty two (52) weeks preceding the date of this report ranged from a low of $1.02 to a high of $3.46. In addition, the securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our stock.
In the past, plaintiffs have often initiated securities class action litigation against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. We may, in the future, be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and liabilities and could divert management’s attention and resources.
Techniques employed by manipulative short sellers in Chinese small-cap stocks may drive down the market price of our common stock.
Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from the difference in the sale price of the borrowed securities and the purchase price of the replacement shares. As it is therefore in the short seller’s best interests for the price of the stock to decline, there have been incidents of short sellers publishing, or arranging to publish negative opinions in order to create negative market momentum. While traditionally these disclosed shorts have been limited in their ability to access mainstream business media or to otherwise create negative market rumors, the rise of the Internet and technological advancements regarding document creation, videotaping and publication by weblog (“blogging”) have allowed many disclosed shorts to publicly attack a company’s credibility, strategy and veracity by means of so-called research reports that mimic the type of investment analysis performed by large Wall Street firms and independent research analysts. These short attacks have, in the past, resulted in the selling of shares in the market, on occasion on a large scale and broad base. Issuers with business operations based in the PRC, that have limited trading volumes and that are susceptible to higher volatility levels than U.S. domestic large-cap stocks can be particularly vulnerable to such short attacks.
These short seller publications are not regulated by any governmental, self-regulatory organization or other official authority in the U.S., are not subject to the certification requirements imposed by the SEC in Regulation Analyst Certification and, accordingly, the opinions they express may be based on distortion of the actual facts or, in some cases, fabrication of the facts. In light of the limited risks involved in publishing such information, and the enormous profit that can be made from running just one successful short attack, unless the short sellers become subject to significant penalties, it is more likely than not that disclosed shorts will continue to issue such reports.
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While we intend to strongly defend our public filings against any such short seller attacks, oftentimes we are constrained, either by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law (often called Anti-SLAPP statutes), or issues of commercial confidentiality, in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller. You should be aware that in light of the relative freedom to operate that such persons enjoy – oftentimes blogging from outside the U.S. with little or no assets or identity requirements – should we be targeted for such an attack and the rumors not dismissed by market participants, our stock will likely suffer from a temporary, or possibly long term, decline in market price.
Our officers and directors own a substantial portion of our outstanding common stock, which will enable them to influence many significant corporate actions and in certain circumstances may prevent a change in control that would otherwise be beneficial to our shareholders.
As of June 11, 2020, our directors and executive officers collectively controlled approximately 9,433,482 or 28.4% of our outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote on all corporate actions. These stockholders, acting together, could have a substantial impact on matters requiring the vote of the shareholders, including the election of our directors and most of our corporate actions. This control could delay, defer or prevent others from initiating a potential merger, takeover or other change in our control, even if these actions would benefit us and our shareholders. This control could adversely affect the voting and other rights of our other shareholders and could depress the market price of our common stock.
The elimination of monetary liability against our directors, officers and employees under Nevada law and the existence of indemnification rights for our directors, officers and employees may result in substantial expenditures by us and may discourage lawsuits against our directors, officers and employees.
Our bylaws contain specific provisions that eliminate the liability of our directors for monetary damages to our company and shareholders, and we are prepared to give such indemnification to our directors and officers to the extent provided by Nevada law. We may also have contractual indemnification obligations under our employment agreements with our officers. The foregoing indemnification obligations could result in our company incurring substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against directors and officers, which we may be unable to recoup. These provisions and any costs resulting therefrom may also discourage our company from bringing a lawsuit against directors and officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, and may similarly discourage the filing of derivative litigation by our shareholders against our directors and officers even though such actions, if successful, might otherwise benefit our company and shareholders.
Legislative actions, potential new accounting pronouncements and higher insurance costs may impact our future financial position and results of operations.
Over the last decade or so, there have been many regulatory changes, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. There may potentially be new accounting pronouncements or regulatory rulings or changes that will have an impact on our future financial position and results of operations. In addition, insurers are likely to increase premiums as a result of high claims rates over the past several years, which we expect will increase our premiums for insurance policies. These and other potential changes could materially increase the expenses we report under generally accepted accounting principles, and adversely affect our operating results.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
We are subject to reporting obligations under U.S. securities laws. The SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as amended, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. We reported certain material weaknesses involving control activities, specifically internal control weaknesses relating to finance personnel, in light of the continuing lack of sufficient experience by our accounting staff in U.S. GAAP-based reporting and SEC rules and regulations. Such material weaknesses were noted for the past five (5) fiscal years, based on factors including: (i) the number of adjustments proposed by our independent auditors during our quarterly review and annual audit processes; (ii) the significance of the audit adjustments and their impact on the overall financial statements; (iii) how appropriately we complied with U.S. GAAP on transactions; and (iv) how accurately we prepared supporting information to provide to our independent auditors on a quarterly and annual basis. As such, we did not maintain effective controls and did not implement adequate and proper supervisory review to ensure that significant internal control deficiencies could be detected and/or prevented.
Although we believe that we have made significant efforts to address the foregoing weaknesses, we believe that our efforts to date have not yet been sufficient to fully remediate such weaknesses. We will continue our efforts during the current fiscal year, although there can be no assurance that compliance will be achieved in this time frame.
Our reporting obligations as a public company will place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. Effective internal controls, particularly those related to revenue recognition, are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent fraud. As a result, our failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business and negatively impact the trading price of our common stock. Furthermore, we anticipate that we will incur considerable costs and use significant management time and other resources in an effort to comply with Section 404 and other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
Not applicable to a smaller reporting company like us.
We are headquartered in Hangzhou, China. We own three properties. Additionally, our current leased properties are as follows:
| Description | Location | Size (square meters) | Lease expiration date | |||
| Principal executive office | Hai Wai Hai Tongxin Mansion Floor 5&6 Gong Shu District, Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province, China |
4,000 | December 27, 2021 | |||
| Pharmacies (1) | Various locations in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China | Range from 79 to 1,713 |
September 2018 to October 2033 | |||
| Farmland for herb cultivation (2) | Qianhong Township, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China | 196,677 | February 1, 2040 | |||
| Land (2) | Qianhong Township, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China | 18,616 | February 1, 2040 |
| (1) | As of the date of this report, we maintain operating leases in connection with our 118 pharmacies. See Note 10, “Long Term Deposits”. The leases do not contain any material escalating lease payments or contingent rental payment terms. We must negotiate with the landlords for an extension of the current leases or enter into new leases upon their termination, upon which our landlords may request a rent increase. Under applicable PRC law, we have priority over other potential lessees with respect to the leased store space on the same terms. We also do not expect any significant difficulties in renewing the existing leases upon their expiration, where desired. Our community stores are normally relatively small in size and the fixtures inside such stores are easily movable. As a result, we do not expect our drugstore operations to be materially and adversely affected by any failure to renew current leases or enter into new leases. |
| (2) | We lease the land from The People’s Government of Qianhong Village under a 30-year lease entered in February 2010. The rent for the land was prepaid in full in May 2010. See Note 11, “Other Noncurrent Assets,” and Note 13, “Intangible Assets,” to the Financial Statements. |
We know of no material, existing or pending legal proceedings against us, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation. There are no proceedings in which any of our directors, officers or affiliates, or any registered or beneficial stockholder holding more than five percent of our common stock, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our company.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information
Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CJJD”.
Based on the records of our transfer agent, we had 37,961,790 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of July 8, 2020.
Holders
Based on the records of our transfer agent, there were 39 stockholders of record of our common stock as of July 8, 2020 (not including beneficial owners who hold shares at broker/dealers in “street name”).
Transfer Agent
Our transfer agent is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, whose address is 6201, 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219, and whose telephone number is (718) 921-8206.
Dividends
While there are no restrictions that limit our ability to pay dividends, we have not paid, and do not currently intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Our policy is to retain all earnings, if any, to provide funds for the operation and expansion of our business. The declaration of dividends, if any, will be subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors, who may consider such factors as our results of operations, financial condition, capital needs and acquisition strategy, among others, in making its determination.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Please see the discussion in Item 12 titled “Equity Compensation Plan Information” below.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
On January 23, 2017, we issued 4,840,000 shares of Common Stock to an institutional investor for a total proceeds of $10,648,000. The shares are restrictive with a standard legend under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). No other sales of unregistered securities were made in fiscal 2018 and 2019.
On April 15, 2019, we issued unregistered warrants to the investors in a concurrent private placement to a registered direct offering pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 11, 2019 (the “2019 Securities Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company and the purchasers named therein, to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,000,006 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share (the “2019 Warrants”). The 2019 Warrants shall be initially exercisable six months following issuance and expire five and one-half years from the issuance date of the 2019 Warrants. H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Placement Agent”) (or its designees) shall also receive warrants to purchase such number of shares of common stock as is equal to 6% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, or 240,000 warrants (the “2019 PA Warrants”), with substantially the same terms as the 2019 Warrants being issued to the investors, except that the Placement Agent’s warrants will expire on April 11, 2024 and the warrants exercise price shall be $3.125.
Within 30 business days from the date of the 2019 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company shall file a registration statement on Form S-1 providing for the resale by the investors of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the 2019 Warrants and the 2019 PA Warrants and use commercially reasonable best efforts to cause such registration to become effective no later than 90 business days from the date of the 2019 Securities Purchase Agreement.
On June 3, 2020, we issued unregistered warrants to the investors in a concurrent private placement to a registered direct offering pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 1, 2020 (the “2020 Securities Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company and the purchasers named therein, to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,750,003 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.60 per share (the “2020 Warrants”). The 2020 Warrants shall be initially exercisable six months following issuance and expire five and one-half years from the issuance date. H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Placement Agent”) (or its designees) received warrants to purchase up to 300,000 shares of our common stock(the “2020 PA Warrants”), with substantially the same terms as the 2020 Warrants being issued to the investors, except, among other things, that the Placement Agent’s warrants will expire on June 1, 2025 and the warrants exercise price shall be $2.57.
Within 30 business days from the date of the 2020 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company shall file a registration statement on Form S-1 providing for the resale by the investors of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the 2020 Warrants and the 2020 PA Warrants and use commercially reasonable best efforts to cause such registration to become effective no later than 90 business days from the date of the 2020 Securities Purchase Agreement.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
Not applicable.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements that are included elsewhere in this report. Our discussion includes forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including those set forth under the “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Description of Business” sections and elsewhere in this report. We use words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “predict” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe the expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions within the bound of our knowledge of our business, our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these statements. Factors that could contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this report. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future other than in compliance with the SEC rules and regulations.
Our financial statements are prepared in U.S. Dollars and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. See “Exchange Rates” at the end of this section for information concerning the exchanges rates at which Renminbi (“RMB”) were translated into U.S. Dollars (“USD” or “$”) at various pertinent dates and for pertinent periods.
Overview
We currently operate in four business segments in China: (1) retail drugstores, (2) online pharmacy, (3) wholesale of products similar to those that we carry in our pharmacies, and (4) farming and selling herbs used for traditional Chinese medicine (“TCM”).
Our drugstores offer customers a wide variety of pharmaceutical products, including prescription and over-the-counter (“OTC”) drugs, nutritional supplements, TCM, personal and family care products, medical devices, and convenience products, including consumable, seasonal, and promotional items. Additionally, we have licensed doctors of both western medicine and TCM on site for consultation, examination and treatment of common ailments at scheduled hours. As of March 31, 2020, we had 118 pharmacies in Hangzhou city and its adjacent town Lin’an under the store brand of “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy”. During the year ended March 31, 2020, we dissolved eight independent pharmacies. Among the eight dissolved pharmacies, two stores have merged into Jiuzhou Pharmacy and became Jiuzhou Pharmacy stores in Hangzhou. The other six stores’ licenses of government medical insurance, which qualify the stores for reimbursement from government, were transferred to six Jiuzhou Pharmacy stores in Hangzhou City.
In January 2020, in order to continue expanding and strengthening our local drugstore network, we acquired a local drugstore chain with ten stores. The owners of the acquired chain agreed to cease their stores’ business and liquidate all of the stores’ accounts after Jiuzhou Pharmacy acquired them. In March 2020, the chain was dissolved. We were able to transfer the certificates to our new stores opened at the same time.
Since May 2010, we have also been selling certain OTC drugs, medical devices, nutritional supplements and other sundry products online. Our online pharmacy sells through several third-party platforms such as Alibaba’s Tmall, JD.com and Amazon.com, and the Company’s own platform all over China. In fiscal year 2020, in order to keep competitive in certain third-party platforms such as Tmall, we have spent reasonable resources on marketing our products through these third-party platforms. Our sales through our own platform are primarily generated by customers who use their private commercial medical insurances package.
We operate a wholesale business through Jiuxin Medicine distributing third-party pharmaceutical products (similar to those carried by our pharmacies) primarily to trading companies and other local drugstores in China. We also farm certain herbs used in TCM but have not made sales in the year ended March 31, 2020.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In preparing our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, we are required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect: (i) the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities; (ii) the disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the end of each reporting period; and (iii) the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during each reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates based on our own historical experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, our expectations regarding the future based on available information and reasonable assumptions, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
We believe that any reasonable deviation from those judgments and estimates would not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. To the extent that the estimates used differ from actual results, however, adjustments to the statement of operations and corresponding balance sheet accounts would be necessary. These adjustments would be made in future financial statements.
When reading our financial statements, you should consider: (i) our critical accounting policies; (ii) the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies; and (iii) the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions. The critical accounting policies and related judgments and estimates used to prepare our financial statements are identified in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements accompanying in this report.
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Revenue recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which creates Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new guidance outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. Additionally, the guidance requires improved disclosure to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized. The new guidance supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, and permits early adoption on a limited basis. The update permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. On April 1, 2018, we adopted the guidance in ASC 606 and all the related amendments and applied the new revenue standard to all contracts using the modified retrospective method. Based on the new standard our revenue recognition policies related to membership rewards programs has changed. Membership rewards, usually membership points, are accumulated by customers based on their historical spending levels. The Company has determined that there is an additional performance obligation to those customers at the time of the initial transaction. The customers can then redeem these points against the prices of merchandises they purchase in the future. At the end of each period, unredeemed membership rewards are reflected as a contract liability. The adoption of the new revenue standard was not material and is not expected to be material to our net income on an ongoing basis.
Impairment of definite-lived intangible assets
The Company evaluates the recoverability of definite-lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. These long-lived assets are grouped and evaluated for impairment at the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. When evaluating these long-lived assets for potential impairment, the Company first compares the carrying amount of the asset group to the asset group’s estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges). If the estimated future cash flows are less than that carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment loss calculation is prepared. The impairment loss calculation compares the carrying amount of the asset group to the asset group’s estimated future cash flows (discounted and with interest charges). If required, an impairment loss is recorded for the portion of the asset group’s carrying value that exceeds the asset group’s estimated future cash flows (discounted and with interest charges).
The long-lived asset impairment loss calculation contains uncertainty since management must use judgment to estimate each asset group’s future sales, profitability and cash flows. When preparing these estimates, the Company considers historical results and current operating trends and consolidated sales, profitability and cash flow results and forecasts. These estimates can be affected by a number of factors including, but not limited to, general economic and regulatory conditions, efforts of third party organizations to reduce their prescription drug costs and/or increased member co-payments, the continued efforts of competitors to gain market share and consumer spending patterns.
In the year ended March 31, 2020, we evaluated the licenses of insurance applicable drugstores acquired in the past based on their discounted positive cash value. Due to the stricter government insurance policy in fiscal year 2021, the value of these licenses has declined. As a result, we recorded an impairment of $628,192 as of March 31, 2020.
Results of Operations
Comparison of years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Amount | Percentage of total revenue | Amount | Percentage of total revenue | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 117,327,689 | 100.0 | % | $ | 107,551,012 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | $ | 91,801,259 | 78.2 | % | 82,442,969 | 76.7 | % | |||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 25,526,430 | 21.8 | % | $ | 25,108,043 | 23.3 | % | ||||||||
| Selling expenses | $ | 23,793,603 | 20.3 | % | $ | 24,265,184 | 22.6 | % | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | $ | 8,108,377 | 6.9 | % | $ | 1,718,989 | 1.6 | % | ||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | $ | 628,192 | 0.5 | % | $ | - | - | % | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | $ | (7,003,742 | ) | (6.0 | )% | $ | (876,130 | ) | (0.8 | )% | ||||||
| Other Income(expense), net | $ | 562,323 | 0.5 | % | $ | (306,876 | ) | (0.3 | )% | |||||||
| Change in fair value of derivative liability | $ | 401,158 | (0.3 | )% | $ | (326,452 | ) | (0.3 | )% | |||||||
| Income tax expense | $ | 16,258 | 0.0 | % | $ | 134,763 | 0.1 | % | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (6,457,677 | ) | (5.5 | )% | $ | (1,317,769 | ) | (1.2 | )% | ||||||
Revenue
Primarily due to the rise in our online pharmacy and wholesale business, revenue increased by $9,776,677 or 9.1% for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019.
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Revenue by Segment
The following table breaks down the revenue for our four business segments for the year ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
| For the year ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % of total revenue | Amount | % of total revenue | Variance by amount | % of change | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from retail drugstores | $ | 74,081,237 | 63.1 | % | $ | 72,334,409 | 67.3 | % | $ | 1,746,828 | 2.4 | % | ||||||||||||
| Revenue from online sales | 13,541,215 | 11.6 | % | 8,784,459 | 8.1 | % | 4,756,756 | 54.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue from wholesale business | 29,705,237 | 25.3 | % | 26,432,144 | 24.6 | % | 3,273,093 | 12.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue from farming business | - | - | % | - | - | % | - | - | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 117,327,689 | 100.0 | % | $ | 107,551,012 | 100.0 | % | $ | 9,776,677 | 9.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Retail drugstores sales, which accounted for approximately 63.1% of total revenue for the year ended March 31, 2020, increased by $1,746,828, or 2.4% compared to the year ended March 31, 2019, to $74,081,237. Same-store sales increased by approximately $2,021,002, or 2.9%, while new stores contributed approximately $53,241 in revenue in the year ended March 31, 2020. Excluding the RMB depreciation effect, the same store sales increased by approximately 6.9% period over period.
The increase in our retail drugstore sales is primarily due to consumer-facing benefits such as emphasis on on-site medical care, chronic disease management services, incremental DTP (Direct-to-Patient) business caused by continuous hospital medical reform, and maturing of stores opened a year ago. Convenient on-site medical support at our pharmacies has been our hallmark from the beginning of our business. Suitable medical support from our doctors has proven to be critical to our superior store sales. Linking doctor care with drug sales has become our business guidance for the future. By adding more doctor-provided services at stores, we have been able to promote our store sales.
As the PRC medical reform goes on, more and more drug prescriptions have flowed out of hospitals. DTP drugs are usually new medicines with low profit margins. As part of such medical reform package, local governments require the revenue percentage from drug sales at public hospitals to decline year by year. In order to achieve lower drug sales percentage out of their total revenue, the public hospitals chose to abandon sales of low profit margin DTP products first. As a result, the DTP drug manufacturers or vendors switched to local drugstores to explore the market. As a large drugstore network in Hangzhou City, quite a few of our stores are located adjacent to local hospitals. Additionally, we have actively approached local vendors of certain DTP products, which we have not sold at our stores in the past. By opening special counters at some stores and selling more DTP products, sales in our drugstores increased.
Furthermore, since fiscal year 2018, we have accelerated our expansion of new stores, which is expected to generate more retail drugstore revenues. Eighteen stores have become qualified for municipal government insurance reimbursement after about two years’ operation. Sales reimbursed from municipal government insurance program usually account for more than 50% of our total sales at maturing stores. As these stores gained such qualifications, their sales increased quickly as compared to the previous year. Our store count is 121 at March, 2019 and 117 at March 31, 2020.
Our online pharmacy sales increased by approximately $4,756,756, or 54.1% for the year ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the year ended March 31, 2019. The increase was caused by both an increase in sales via e-commerce platforms such as Tmall and an increase in sales via our official site. Popular products at reasonable prices are key to success in online business. In order to promote our sales, we focused on the selection of medical equipment suitable to local customers. For example, sales of blood glucose meters and contact lens contributed significantly to our revenue in the year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period a year ago. Additionally, we maintained a membership care program targeted at chronic disease customers. We have closely interacted with our members via Wechat by providing healthcare knowledge and reminding our customers to refill medicine. By implementing a personalized customer care program, we were able to promote our sales. As a result, our sales via these e-commerce platforms increased by 58.3% period over period.
The sales via our official website were primarily made by certain pharmacy benefit management providers and insurance companies. For example, we have signed a service contract with Yingda Taihe Life Insurance Co. Ltd. (“Yingda”), a national insurance company. State Grid Corporation of China has bought health insurance package for its employees from Yingta. In the year ended March 31, 2020, we served a local factory of State Grid and sold healthcare products to its employees who used their insurance card to make payments. The sales from these customers contributed significantly to our official website sales. Additionally, in the first quarter of calendar 2020, at the outbreak of COVID-19, we sold a large quantity of health protective products such as masks. Our official website sales increased by 847,899 or 40.8% year over year.
Wholesale revenue increased by $3,273,093 or 12.4%, primarily as a result of our ability to resell certain products, which our retail stores made large order on, to other vendors. As our retail drugstores achieved large quantity sales of certain brand name products, we were able to bargain for lower purchase prices than the market level on these merchandises. As a result, vendors who were unable to obtain a better price than ours, turned to us for these products, causing the increase in the wholesale volume. However, hospitals are still the dominant drug retailers in China. Local hospitals usually have strong ties with their existing suppliers and we have not been able to make significant progress in becoming a major supplier to local hospitals.
In the year ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we have not harvested and generated revenue from our farming business. We planted ginkgo trees during the year ended March 31, 2013. A ginkgo tree may have a growth period of up to twenty years before it is mature enough for harvest. Usually, the longer it grows the more valuable it becomes. We plan to continue cultivating the trees in order to maximize their market value in the future.
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Gross Profit
Gross profit increased by $418,387 or 1.7% period over period primarily as a result of an increase in gross profit provided by both wholesale business and online sale, which increased significantly in the year ended March 31, 2020. At the same time, gross margin decreased from 23.3% to 21.8% due to lower online and offline retail profit margins. The average gross margins for each of our four business segments are as follows:
| Year ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Average gross margin for retail drugstores | 28.1 | % | 29.2 | % | ||||
| Average gross margin for online sales | 10.6 | % | 11.8 | % | ||||
| Average gross margin for wholesale business | 11.0 | % | 11.3 | % | ||||
| Average gross margin for farming business | N/A | N/A | ||||||
Retail gross margins decreased primarily because of price restriction from local government on sale of drugs reimbursed by the National Public Health Insurance Program and rising proportion of sales DTP (“Direct-to-Patient”) medicine with low profit margin. In order to control increasing budget on medical insurance spending, government has drafted and executed a series of policies to reduce the price of drugs reimbursed by its insurance program. For example, the government has invited bidders, usually manufacturers, for the drugs used in large quantity every year. In exchange for large quantity, manufacturers have to surrender a low price. These drugs are usually prescription drugs primarily used at hospitals. However, our drugstores also sell some of these drugs. As a result, our profit margin decreased. Additionally, as we described above, DTP drug sales have taken a larger proportion of our sales at stores. DTP drugs have extremely low profit margins. Hence, our retail profit margin decreased.
Gross margin of online pharmacy sales decreased primarily due to intense market competition. We conduct our business either through certain e-commerce platforms such as Tmall and JD.com or via our own official online pharmacy website, www.dada360.com. The online prices of healthcare products are transparent as customers can easily compare prices from websites. In order to promote our sales through e-commerce platforms, we have to lower our prices leading to lower profit margin. As a way to retain new customers from insurance companies, we also kept low prices on our official online pharmacy websites. As a result, our profit margin for online sales decreased.
Wholesale gross margin decreased primarily due to various products with different profit margins we carried and sold to certain pharmaceutical vendors. In the year ended March 31, 2020, certain prescription drugs we sold are at low profit margin. As a result, the overall profit margin is lower as compared to the same period last year. Although we have attempted to market our products to major local hospitals and other pharmacies, we have not been able to make significant progress. Until we are able to obtain status as a provincial or national exclusive sale agent for certain popular drugs or have sales access to large local hospitals, we may have to maintain low profit margins in order to drive sales on our wholesale business.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $471,581 or 1.9% year over year, primarily due to decrease in rent. As we closed several stores, rent expense went down. Additionally, we have closely monitored our marketing expense such as small gifts. As a result, our sale and marketing expense declined slightly.
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General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $6,389,388 or 371.7% period over period. Such expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 6.9% from 1.6% for the same period a year ago. In the year ended March 31, 2020, we recorded bad debt expense of $455,159 as compared to a reduction in the allowance for bad debts of $3,346,886 in FY2019. Additionally, we incurred additional labor cost of approximately $1.5 million as we have expanded certain business. For example, we have been operating two Linjia Clinics and hired more doctors. In addition, in order to obtain business from commercial health insurance providers, we formed a marketing team. Although these business have not contributed significantly to our revenue, they incurred labor costs. Excluding such an effect, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $1.1 million, which reflects the increase in management cost as a result of our business expansion.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
We recorded an impairment of long-lived assets of $628,192 and $0 for the year ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. In the year ended March 31, 2020, we evaluated the licenses of insurance applicable drugstores acquired in the past based on their discounted positive cash value. Due to the stricter government insurance policy in fiscal year 2021, the value of these licenses has declined. As a result, we recorded an impairment of $628,192 as of March 31, 2020.
Loss from Operations
As a result of the above, we had loss from operations of $7,003,742, as compared to loss from operations of $876,130 a year ago. Our operating margin for the year ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was (6.0)% and (0.8)%, respectively.
Other Income (Expense), Net
In the year ended March 31, 2020, other income is $(204,064) as compared to other income of $(93,311) in the year ended March 31, 2019.
Income Taxes
Our income tax expense decreased by $118,505 period over period due to a decrease in the effective rate resulting from a decline in profits in several business lines.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, net loss is $6,457,677 in the year ended March 31, 2020 as compared to a net loss of $1,317,769 in the year ended March 31, 2019.
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, which are unsecured, are stated at the amount we expect to collect. We continuously monitor collections and payments from our customers (our distributors) and maintain a provision for estimated credit losses. To prepare for potential loss in such accounts, we made corresponding reserves.
Our accounts receivable aging was as follows for the periods described below:
| From date of invoice to customer | Retail drugstores | Online Pharmacy | Drug wholesale | Herb farming | Total amount | |||||||||||||||
| 1- 3 months | $ | 7,097,422 | $ | 766,988 | $ | 541,975 | $ | - | $ | 8,406,385 | ||||||||||
| 4- 6 months | 77,195 | - | 1,531,512 | - | 1,608,707 | |||||||||||||||
| 7- 12 months | 10,848 | - | 3,149 | - | 13,997 | |||||||||||||||
| Over one year | 1,919,409 | 60,873 | 25,355 | - | 2,005,637 | |||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | (1,752,952 | ) | (68,542 | ) | (442,576 | ) | - | (2,264,070 | ) | |||||||||||
| Total accounts receivable | $ | 7,351,922 | $ | 759,319 | $ | 1,659,415 | $ | - | $ | 9,770,656 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable from our retail business mainly consist of reimbursements from local government health insurance bureaus and commercial health insurance programs. In the year ended March 31, 2020, we wrote off an approximately $212,338 collectible from provincial and Hangzhou City government insurance, as such amounts have been determined by the health insurance bureaus to be unqualified for reimbursement.
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Accounts receivables from our online pharmacy business mainly consist of receivables from insurance company and a service company handling with insurance companies. As we continue to expand our business with commercial insurance company, our receivables from them increased. Additionally, certain receivables are from third-party platforms such as JD.com where we sell products. Usually the third-party platforms will collect from customers ordering on their platforms and then reimburse us at a later date, such reimbursement periods times ranging from several days to a month after orders are placed.
Accounts receivable from our drug wholesale business consist of receivables from our customers such as pharmaceutical distributors and local drugstores primarily in Zhejiang Province. In fiscal 2019, we accelerated collection of certain aged accounts from customers which we no longer or rarely sold products to. By doing so, we are able to take better use of our cash. As a result, the overall reserve on wholesale accounts receivables decreased.
Subsequent to March 31, 2020 and through May 31, 2020, we collected approximately $5.3 million in receivables relating to our drugstore business, approximately $0.5 million in receivables relating to our online pharmacy business, approximately $1.7 million relating to our wholesale business, and $0 relating to our herb farming business.
Advances to suppliers
Advances to suppliers are mainly prepayments to secure certain products or services at favorable pricing. The aging of our advances to suppliers is as follows for the periods described below:
| From date of cash prepayment to suppliers | Retail drugstores | Online Pharmacy | Drug wholesale | Herb farming | Total amount | |||||||||||||||
| 1- 3 months | $ | 41,889 | $ | - | $ | 480,417 | $ | - | $ | 522,306 | ||||||||||
| 4- 6 months | 104,131 | - | 245,407 | - | 349,538 | |||||||||||||||
| 7- 12 months | 198,397 | - | 300,033 | - | 498,430 | |||||||||||||||
| Over one year | 82,357 | - | 746,232 | - | 828,589 | |||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | (140,743 | ) | - | (883,320 | ) | - | (1,024,063 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total advances to suppliers | $ | 286,031 | $ | - | $ | 888,769 | $ | - | $ | 1,174,800 | ||||||||||
Since the acquisition of Jiuxin Medicine, we have gradually transferred almost all logistics services of our retail drugstores to Jiuxin Medicine. Jiuzhou Pharmacy only purchases certain non-medical products such as sundry. As a result, our retail chain made few advances to suppliers as of March 31, 2020. At the end of 2019 we had outstanding advances to suppliers with which we have ceased doing business. These advances have been fully reserved.
Advances to suppliers for our drug wholesale business consist of prepayments to our vendors such as pharmaceutical manufacturers and other distributors. We typically receive products from vendors within three to nine months after making prepayments. We continuously monitor delivery from and payments to our vendors while maintaining a provision for estimated credit losses based upon past experience and any supplier-specific issues such as the discontinuation of inventory supply that have been identified. If we are having difficulty receiving products from a vendor, we take the following steps: cease purchasing products from the vendor, ask for return of our prepayment promptly, and if necessary, take legal action. If all of these steps are unsuccessful, management then determines whether or not the prepayments should be reserved or written off. In fiscal 2019, in order to use our cash more efficiently, we accelerated the collection of deposits from quite a few suppliers, especially aged accounts. We chose to only leave deposits with critical suppliers who supply large quantities of merchandise. As a result, the outstanding advances to suppliers decreased dramatically.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash flows for the periods indicated are as follows:
| For the year ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (6,907,945 | ) | $ | (5,603,216 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (4,836,613 | ) | $ | (7,326,181 | ) | ||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 19,013,706 | $ | 8,078,581 | ||||
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For the year ended March 31, 2020 cash used in operating activities amounted to $(6,907,945), as compared to $(5,603,216) a year ago. The change is primarily attributable to a decrease in cash provided by advances to suppliers of $3,463,815, a decrease in cash provided by other current assets of $1,195,461, a decrease in cash provided by accounts receivable of $1,450,964 offset by an increase of $2,988,231 in customer deposits, an increase in cash provided by bad debt direct write-off and provision of $3,804,205 and an increase in cash provided by inventories and biological assets of $2,370,758.
For the year ended March 31, 2020, net cash used in investing activities amounted to $(4,836,613), as compared to $(7,326,181) provided by investing activities a year ago. The change is primarily attributable to a decrease in cash provided by investment in a joint venture of $2,567,083, offset by an increase of $4,794,637 in acquisition of equipment.
For the year ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $19,013,706, as compared to $8,078,581 a year ago. The financing proceeds were derived from the private placement in 2019 as described below. Additionally, we borrowed an one-year loan of $1,435,620 from Hangzhou United Bank. Furthermore, we borrowed $7,178,100 from Haihui Commercial Factoring (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. as of March 31, 2020.
As of March 31, 2020, we had cash of approximately $16,176,318. Our total current assets as of March 31, 2020, were $60,987,212 and total current liabilities were $57,437,974, which resulted in a working capital of $3,549,238. On April 15, 2019, we closed a registered direct offering of 4,000,008 shares of common stock at $2.50 per share with gross proceeds of $10,000,020 from our effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. On June 3, 2020, we closed a registered direct offering of 5,000,004 shares of common stock at $2.00 per share with gross proceeds of $10,000,008 from our effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations:
| Contractual obligations | Payments due by period | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
| Short-term loan payable | $ | 1,410,130 | 1,410,130 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Notes payable | 26,605,971 | 26,605,971 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term loan payable | 4,115,958 | - | 4,115,958 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Long-Term Debt Obligations | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Capital Lease Obligations | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Lease Obligations | 20,030,665 | 981,090 | 10,629,771 | 5,572,313 | 2,847,491 | |||||||||||||||
| Purchase Obligations | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Other Long-Term Liabilities Reflected on the Registrant’s Balance Sheet under GAAP* | 64,090 | - | 64,090 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 52,226,814 | 28,997,191 | 14,809,819 | 5,572,313 | 2,847,491 | ||||||||||||||
* This refers to warrants to purchase shares of common stock issued to an institutional investor and a placement agent (See Note 19).
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Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any outstanding financial guarantees or commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as stockholder’s equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
Exchange Rates
Our subsidiaries and affiliated companies in the PRC maintain their books and records in RMB, the lawful currency of the PRC. In general, for consolidation purposes, we translate their assets and liabilities into USD using the applicable exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date, and the statement of income is translated at average exchange rates during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of their financial statements are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income.
The exchange rates used to translate amounts in RMB into USD for the purposes of preparing the audited consolidated financial statements or otherwise disclosed in this report were as follows:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||
| Balance sheet items, except for the registered and paid-up capital, as of end of period/year | USD1: RMB 0.1410 | USD1: RMB 0.1490 | ||
| Amounts included in the statement of Operations and statement of cash flows for the period/ year ended | USD1: RMB 0.1436 | USD1: RMB 0.1491 |
Inflation
We believe that inflation has not had a material effect on our operations to date.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
The Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, and our Financial Statements and accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements that are filed as part of the report, are listed under “Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules” and are set forth beginning on page F-1 immediately following the signature pages to this report.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As of March 31, 2020, the end of the fiscal year covered by this report, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures.
Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective. They reached this conclusion due to the presence of material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting as described below. Management anticipates that our disclosure controls and procedures will remain ineffective until such material weaknesses are remediated.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (COSO) in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework. We are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Based on our evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was ineffective as of March 31, 2020 due to the following material weaknesses:
Accounting and Finance Personnel Weaknesses - As noted in Item 9A of our annual reports on Form 10-K for the preceding fiscal years, management concluded that in light of the inexperience of our accounting staff with respect to the requirements of U.S. GAAP-based reporting and SEC rules and regulations, we did not maintain effective controls and did not implement adequate and proper supervisory review to ensure that significant internal control deficiencies can be detected or prevented.
Management’s assessment of the control deficiency over accounting and finance personnel as of March 31, 2020 considered the same factors, including:
| ● | the number of adjustments proposed by our independent auditors during our quarterly review and annual audit processes; | |
| ● | how adequately we complied with U.S. GAAP on transactions; and | |
| ● | how accurately we prepared supporting information to provide to our independent auditors on a quarterly and annual basis. |
Based on the above factors, management concluded that the lack of timely reconciliation of booking and recording from China GAAP to US GAAP and lack of accounting staff with sufficient US GAAP experience are material weaknesses as of March 31, 2020.
Remediation of Material Weakness for the year ended March 31, 2020
Subsequent to the identification of the material weakness, we have enhanced existing controls and design and implemented new controls. We have devoted significant time and attention to remediate the above material weaknesses. For example, we redesigned our system to retrieve data faster, so we are able to identify and reconcile the GAAP difference more efficiently. In addition, we trained our accounting staff with US GAAP knowledge, so they can meet the requirement from our auditors more efficiently. These improvements to our internal control infrastructure were implemented, and were in place in connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2020. As such, we believe that the remediation initiative outlined above will be sufficient to remediate as the changes become operational for future years the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as discussed.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, we linked our SAP system, a leading ERP system from Germany that was installed in 2017 with a series of local banks, so it can provide a view of overall and instant cash information. In addition, we hired specialized managers who are able to program and develop improved procedure in the system. Furthermore, we have been training our staff in implementing the management system continually. We expect to continually improve our internal control system. There have been no other changes in our internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Controls
Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
None.
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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
The following table identifies our current executive officers and directors as of the date of this report, their respective offices and positions, and their respective dates of election or appointment:
| Name | Age(1) | Position | Date of Appointment | |||
| Lei Liu | 55 | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors | September 17, 2009 | |||
| Ming Zhao | 44 | Chief Financial Officer | August 1, 2011 | |||
| Li Qi | 48 | Director | October 23, 2009 | |||
| Caroline Wang (2) (3) (4) | 33 | Director | March 29, 2017 | |||
| Jiangliang He (2) (3) (4) | 57 | Director | September 4, 2018 | |||
| Genghua Gu (2) (3) (4) | 69 | Director | March 28, 2014 | |||
| Pingfan Wu (4) | 55 | Director | October 26, 2018 | |||
| Yan Liu | 30 | Secretary | September 4, 2018 |
| (1) | As of the date of this report. |
| (2) | Member of the Audit Committee. |
| (3) | Member of the Compensation Committee. |
| (4) | Member of the Nominating Committee. |
Biographical Information of Our Current Directors and Executive Officers
Lei Liu has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors since September 17, 2009. Mr. Liu is one of the three founders of Hangzhou Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. (“Jiuzhou Pharmacy”), Hangzhou Jiuzhou Clinic of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (General Partnership) (“Jiuzhou Clinic”) and Hangzhou Jiuzhou Service & Public Health Service Co., Ltd. (“Jiuzhou Service”) (Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service, as well as the subsidiaries of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, collectively as “HJ Group”), and has been the executive director of Jiuzhou Pharmacy since September 2003 and the supervising director of Jiuzhou Service since November 2005. From December 1997 to August 2003, Mr. Liu worked in Tai He Drugstore as a general manager. From September 1992 to November 1997, Mr. Liu was an administration official of Hangzhou Medical Junior College, his alma mater, where he was also a researcher and an anatomy instructor from September 1983 to July 1992. Mr. Liu has been a licensed researcher in the PRC since September 1988. As the founder and CEO responsible for our vision and direction, Mr. Liu is invaluable to us and our Board of Directors.
Ming Zhao has served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2011. From September 2010 to July 2011, Mr. Zhao was a senior manager at CFO Oncall, Inc., a financial consulting firm providing CFO services to U.S.-listed, China-based publicly traded companies. From December 2006 through August 2010, Mr. Zhao was a senior auditor at Sherb & Co., LLP. From January through June 2003, Mr. Zhao worked as a financial analyst at Microsoft Corporation. Mr. Zhao is a licensed certified public accountant. He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in accounting from Central University of Finance and Economic in Beijing in July 1999, and obtained a master’s degree in professional accounting from the University of Washington in December 2002.
Li Qi is one of the three founders of HJ Group. Ms. Qi has served as our secretary since October 23, 2009 to September 4, 2018, and is currently the general manager of both Jiuzhou Pharmacy and Jiuzhou Service. From January 2000 to June 2003, Ms. Qi worked in Zhejiang Yikang Drugstore as a general manager. From October 1991 to January 2000, Ms. Qi worked in the Branch Hospital of Hangzhou No. 1 People’s Hospital as a nurse. Ms. Qi is a licensed TCM pharmacist in the PRC and is a 1991 graduate of Hangzhou Nurse School. As the founder and secretary overseeing our day-to-day corporate operations, Ms. Qi is highly qualified to serve on our Board of Directors.
Caroline Wang has been a member of our Board since March 29, 2017. Ms. Wang has been a project manager with JC Group, a comprehensive industrial financial group which serves the “city management”, performing internal audit and projects management for a variety of financial products since October 2015. Prior to that, Ms. Wang served as a CFO assistant of Kandi Technologies Group, Inc. (NASDAQ:KNDI), a company engaged in the research, development, manufacturing, and sales of vehicle products. She was mainly responsible for consolidation of financial reports and internal control audits. From 2012 to 2015, Ms. Wang was an audit department assistant manager with KPMG Huazhen LLP Hangzhou Branch, conducting financial report audits and internal control audits for listing companies and also providing audit services to pre-IPO companies. None of these companies are related to or affiliated with the registrant. Ms. Wang holds a master’s degree in public administration from the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a bachelor’s degree in finance from Beijing Language and Culture University. The Board has determined that Ms. Wang has the qualification to serve as a member of the Board given her extensive financial, accounting and auditing experience, as well as her English and Chinese bilingual capabilities to facilitate the Board’s supervision of the management.
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Jiangliang He, has extensive experience as a professional attorney. He has served as a partner in Dentons China, a large law firm with a presence in approximately 45 cities in China, since August 2008. From July 1997 to July 2008, he was a partner in the Zhejiang Jiuyao law firm. From July 1984 to June 1997, he was a professor at Hangzhou School of Law. Mr. He received his bachelor’s degree in law from Beijing University.
Genghua Gu is a retired physician, professor and published scientific researcher in the field of stomatology. From 2003 to 2013, Dr. Gu was a member of the Standing Committee of Zhejiang Province Political Consultative Conference. From 2000 to 2009, Dr. Gu was the Vice President of the Women’s Hospital of Zhejiang University’s School of Medicine (the “School of Medicine”), where, in addition to being a chief physician, professor and researcher, he was also in charge of logistics and financial control as part of the hospital’s management. From 1998 to 2000, Dr. Gu was the Vice President of the Second Affiliate Hospital of the School of Medicine (the “Affiliate Hospital”), where, in addition to his medical, teaching and research duties, he was also in charge of the hospital’s logistics. From 1995 to 1998, Dr. Gu served as the Deputy Magistrate with the Shuichang County Government in Zhejiang Province, in charge of the county’s culture, education and hygiene programs. From 1988 to 1995, Dr. Gu was the Head of the Medical Department at the Affiliate Hospital and was involved in planning and management of the medical department. Dr. Gu served as an oral surgeon from 1977 to 1988 at the Affiliate Hospital. Dr. Gu graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University’s School of Medicine, Department of Stomatology in 1977. The Board has determined that Dr. Gu should serve as a director given his extensive medical and scientific research experience, as well as his government and hospital management and logistics experience.
Pingfan Wu graduated from Jiangxi Medical College with a major in clinical medicine. After graduation, she worked in a hospital for eight years as a physician and an attending physician. After that, she joined Sino-American Shike/GlaxoSmithKline for 18 years until 2014. From sales representative to GSK China Sales/Strategy Director, Ms. Wu was responsible for the sale of multiple prescription drugs/OTC products in Chinese hospitals, retail markets, government cooperation projects and mergers and acquisitions. Since 2014 Ms. Wu has been working at Cardinal Health China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., which is among the top three largest U.S./foreign drug distribution companies in China (“Cardinal China”). She served as its retail COO, responsible for retail channel branding/sales of the distribution products in China and online/offline business strategy planning and operation management for its Direct-to-Patient (“DTP”) pharmacy. The DTP pharmacy is mainly a hospital-side pharmacy and the products are primarily high-value drugs.
Yan Liu, from August 15, 2017 to August 1, 2018, Mr. Liu had been a project manager with Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Ltd. (“Ping An Insurance”), a Chinese holding conglomerate whose subsidiaries mainly deal with insurance, banking, and financial services. Ping An Insurance is one of the top 50 companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. While at Ping An Insurance, Mr. Liu was mainly responsible for projects dealing with the reformation of the current Chinese medical system and market, which is a US$1.3 trillion (8 trillion yuan) industry as of 2018. Prior to that Mr. Liu had served as Director of Investor Relations for the Company from 2015. Mr. Liu holds a bachelor’s degree in statistics from Arizona State University and a bachelor’s degree in math from Jinan University.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships between or among any of the current directors or executive officers except the following: Mr. Yan Liu, our Secretary, is son of our Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer but has not been involved in any transaction with the Company during the past two years that would require disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.
There are no family relationships among our officers and directors and those of our subsidiaries and affiliated companies.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
To our knowledge, our directors and executive officers were not involved in any legal proceedings as described in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K in the past ten (10) years.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, executive officers and persons who own more than ten percent (10%) of a registered class of our equity securities (“Reporting Persons”), to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership on Forms 3, 4 and 5 with the SEC. The Reporting Persons are also required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of Section 16(a) forms they file. Based upon a review of the filings made on their behalf during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as well as an examination of the SEC’s EDGAR system Form 3, 4, and 5 filings (including amendments to such forms) and our records, we believe that, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, our directors, executive officers and holders of ten percent (10%) or more of our common stock complied with Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to them.
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The Board of Directors and Committees
We seek directors with established strong professional reputations and experience in areas relevant to the strategy and operation of our businesses. We also seek directors who possess the qualities of integrity and candor, who have strong analytical skills, and who are willing to engage with the management and each other in a constructive and collaborative fashion. We also seek directors who have the ability and commitment to devote significant time and energy to service on the board and its committees. We believe that all of our directors meet the foregoing qualifications.
Based on the information submitted by Ms. Caroline Wang, Mr. Jiangliang He, and Dr. Genghua Gu, our Board of Directors has determined that each of them is independent under Rule 5605(a)(2) of The NASDAQ Listing Rules.
Our Board of Directors has three (3) committees. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, our Board of Directors and its committees held the following number of meetings and took the following number of actions by unanimous written consent:
| Meetings | Unanimous written consents | |||||||
| Board of Directors | 1 | 2 | ||||||
| Audit Committee | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Compensation Committee | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| Nominating Committee | 1 | 0 | ||||||
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Audit Committee
Our Audit Committee operates under a written charter, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.jiuzhou360.com under the tabs “Investor”–“Corporate Governance”–“Documents”, and is composed of our three (3) independent directors. Our Board of Directors has determined, based on information furnished by Ms. Caroline Wang and other available information, that she meets the requirements of an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined in the rules promulgated under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and has accordingly designated her as such. Our Board of Directors has also appointed her chairperson of the committee.
The responsibilities of our Audit Committee include:
| ● | meeting with our management periodically to consider the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting and the objectivity of our financial reporting; |
| ● | appointing the independent registered public accounting firm, determining the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm, and pre-approving the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm for audit and non-audit services; |
| ● | overseeing the independent registered public accounting firm, including reviewing its independence and quality control procedures, as well as the experience and qualifications of the audit personnel that are providing audit services to us; |
| ● | meeting with the independent registered public accounting firm and reviewing the scope and significant findings of the audits performed by them, and meeting with management and internal financial personnel regarding these matters; and |
| ● | reviewing our financing plans, the adequacy and sufficiency of our financial and accounting controls, practices and procedures, the activities and recommendations of the auditors and our reporting policies and practices, and reporting recommendations to our full Board of Directors for approval. |
Compensation Committee
Our Compensation Committee operates under a written charter, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.jiuzhou360.com under the tabs “Investor”–“Corporate Governance”–“Documents”, and is made up of our three (3) independent directors. Jiangliang He is chairperson of the committee. Our Compensation Committee oversees and, as appropriate, makes recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding the annual salaries and other compensation of our executive officers and our employees, and other employee policies; it also provides assistance and recommendations with respect to our compensation policies and practices.
Nominating Committee
Our Nominating Committee operates under a written charter, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.jiuzhou360.com under the tabs “Investor”–“Corporate Governance”–“Documents”, and is made up of our four(4) independent directors. Genghua Gu is chairperson of the committee. Our Nominating Committee assists in the selection of director nominees, approves director nominations to be presented for stockholder approval at our annual general meeting, fills any vacancies on our Board of Directors, considers any nominations of director candidates validly made by stockholders, and reviews and considers developments in corporate governance practices.
Code of Ethics
The Company’s Code of Ethics, which applies to all officers, directors and employees, was adopted by the Board on March 15, 2010. The Code of Ethics was filed as Exhibit 14 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 23, 2010, a copy of which is available on our website at http://www.jiuzhou360.com under the tabs “Investor”–“Corporate Governance”–“Documents”.
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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
Summary of Executive Compensation
The following table sets forth information concerning all cash and non-cash compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our principal executive officer and principal financial officer during the last two (2) fiscal years. No other executive officer received compensation in excess of $100,000 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
| Summary Compensation Table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name and Principal Position | Fiscal Year ended March 31, | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Stock Awards ($)(1) | Option Awards ($) | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) | Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lei Liu, | 2020 | 68,910 | -0- | - | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 68,910 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CEO (2) | 2019 | 53,676 | -0- | - | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 53,676 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ming Zhao, | 2020 | 88,000 | -0- | - | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 88,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CFO | 2019 | 88,000 | -0- | - | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 88,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Reflects the full fair value of stock issued during the applicable fiscal year for financial statement reporting purposes. |
| (2) | Salary as reported is based on interbank exchange rate of RMB 6.7075 to $1.00 on March 31, 2019 and RMB 6.9656 to $1.00 on March 31, 2020. |
Employment Agreements, Termination of Employment and Change-in-Control Arrangements
Except as described below, we currently have no employment agreements with any of our executive officers, nor any compensatory plans or arrangements resulting from the resignation, retirement or any other termination of any of our executive officers, from a change-in-control, or from a change in any executive officer’s responsibilities following a change-in-control.
Agreement with Ming Zhao
We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Zhao dated as of August 1, 2011, under which Mr. Zhao is serving as our Chief Financial Officer for a term of two years commencing August 1, 2011, for annual compensation of $100,000, payable in monthly installments, as well as a one-time grant of 40,000 shares of our common stock (the “Shares”) under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. The term of his employment was extended verbally for another two (2) years with an amended annual compensation of $88,000 starting from October 2012. The term of this employment was extended verbally for another one (1) years automatically (unless providing prior notice otherwise) with an annual compensation of $88,000 starting from October 2015. Mr. Zhao is also entitled to expense reimbursement and to be included as an insured under our directors and officers insurance policy with coverage of $5,000,000. During his employment, Mr. Zhao is subject to certain restrictive covenants, including (i) prohibition against engaging in any work that competes with us and our business and soliciting our customers, potential customers and employees, and (ii) requirement to maintain our confidential information.
Mr. Zhao’s employment agreement terminates upon his death or disability. If Mr. Zhao is unable to perform his duties for 60 days during any 12 month period, we may terminate the employment agreement upon 30-day written notice. We may also terminate the employment agreement for cause, upon notice if at any time Mr. Zhao commits (a) fraudulent, unlawful or grossly negligent conduct in connection with his employment duties; (b) willful misconduct; (c) willful and continued failure to perform his duties; (d) any felony or any crime involving moral turpitude; (e) any violation of any of our material policies; or (f) any material breach of any written agreement with us. Mr. Zhao may terminate his employment agreement immediately upon written notice if we breach our agreement with him.
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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2020
| Option Awards | Stock Awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Number of securities underlying unexercised options exercisable | Equity incentive plan awards: number of securities underlying unexercised options unexercisable | Equity incentive plan awards: number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options | Option exercise price ($) | Option expiration date | Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested | Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested ($) | Equity incentive plan awards: number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested | Equity incentive plan awards: market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested ($) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lei Liu | - | - | 180,000 | 2.50 | Nov.18, 2022 | - | - | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ming Zhao | - | - | 30,000 | 2.50 | Nov.18, 2022 | - | - | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Li Qi | - | - | 125,000 | 2.50 | Nov.18, 2022 | - | - | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity Compensation Plan Information
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans |
|||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 967,000 | 2.50 | 4,520,000 | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | - | - | - | |||||||||
| TOTAL | 967,000 | 2.50 | 4,520,000 | |||||||||
Discussion of Summary Compensation and Grants of Plan-based Awards Tables
A summary of certain material terms of our existing compensation plans and arrangements is set forth below.
On September 21, 2010, our Board of Directors approved a stock incentive plan for officers, directors, employees, and consultants entitled “China Jo-Jo Drugstores, Inc. 2010 Equity Incentive Plan” (the “Plan”). The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan is 2,025,000 shares of our common stock. The Plan was approved by our shareholders at our annual meeting held on November 2, 2010. On February 24, 2015, our Board of Directors adopted and approved Amendment No. 1 to the Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance thereunder from 2,025,000 share limit to 4,325,000 shares. Amendment No. 1 was approved by the stockholders at the annual shareholders meeting on March 23, 2015. On January 27, 2016, our Board of Directors adopted and approved Amendment No. 2 to the Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance thereunder from 4,325,000 share limit to 7,175,000 shares. Amendment No. 2 was approved by the stockholders at the annual shareholders meeting on March 23, 2016. Under the Plan, the Company may issue common stock and/or options to purchase common stock to our officers, directors, employees and consultants. The Plan is administered either by our Board of Directors or a committee that it designates comprising of at least two (2) “non-employee” directors. The board (or the committee, if one is designated) has full and complete authority, in its discretion, but subject to the express provisions of the Plan, to grant awards, to determine the number of awards to be granted and the time or times at which awards shall be granted; to establish the terms and conditions upon which awards may be exercised; to remove or adjust any restrictions and conditions upon awards; to specify, at the time of grant, provisions relating to exercisability of awards and to accelerate or otherwise modify the exercisability of any awards; and to adopt such rules and regulations and to make all other determinations deemed necessary or desirable for the administration of the Plan. On February 14, 2017, our Board of Directors adopted and approved Amendment No. 3 to the Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance thereunder from 7,175,000 share limit to 9,696,468 shares. Amendment No. 3 was approved by the stockholders at the annual shareholders meeting on March 29, 2017. On March 26, 2018, the shareholders of the Company approved the Amendment No. 4 to the Plan which increased the total shares of common stock available for issuance thereunder to 12,196,468. On June 30, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board approved the Amendment No. 5 to the Plan as The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 removed the 162(m) qualified performance based compensation exemption to the $1 million cap on deductions for compensation to covered executives. Section 1.3.2 was in the Plan to permit grants under the Plan to fit within that exemption. As that exemption no longer applies for grants made in 2018 or thereafter, the Plan had been amended to remove the provisions intended to comply with that exemption, including the one in Section 1.3.2. of the Plan. On March 5, 2020, the shareholders of the Company approved the Amended and Restated 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, which in addition to the incorporation of the Amendment No. 4 and Amendment No. 5 to the Plan, clarified the term of the Plan in order to render the Plan being available for incentive stock options grants in the future and approved the proposal of adding a ten-year term to the Plan. The Plan, effective since November 2, 2010, shall terminate automatically on January 14, 2030 (the tenth anniversary of the Board’s approval of this Plan), unless terminated earlier by the Board, except with respect to Awards then outstanding. The Plan, as amended and restated, has authorized, with the stockholders’ approval previously obtained, to reserve a total of 12,196,468 shares of our common stock for issuance under the Plan. As of March 31, 2020, there were 3,840,546 shares of our common stock available for future issuance under the Plan.
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Director Compensation
The following table provides compensation information for our directors during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020:
| Director Compensation Table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Fiscal Year ended March 31, | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | Stock Awards ($)(1) | Option Awards ($) | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) | Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lei Liu (2) | 2020 | 68,910 | -- | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 68,910 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Li Qi (2) | 2020 | 51,682 | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 51,682 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Caroline Wang | 2020 | 11,485 | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 11,485 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genghua Gu | 2020 | 6,000 | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 6,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jiangliang He | 2020 | 5,168 | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 5,168 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pingfan Wu | 2020 | 8,614 | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | -0- | 8,614 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Reflects dollar amount expensed by the Company during the applicable fiscal year for financial statement reporting purposes. |
| (2) | Compensation is reflected in the Summary Compensation Table on page 51 above. |
We do not currently have an established policy to provide compensation to members of our Board of Directors for their services in that capacity, although we have entered into certain agreements with some of our directors as described below. We intend to develop such a policy in the near future.
Agreement with Genghua Gu
On December 9, 2013, we entered into an agreement with Dr. Gu in the form of a director offer letter, pursuant to which we have agreed to compensate him $6,000 annually for his services, payable in monthly installments on the last day of each month. Additionally, he is entitled to be included as an insured under our directors and officers insurance policy.
Agreement with Caroline Wang
As of March 29, 2017, we entered into an agreement with Ms. Wang in the form of a director offer letter pursuant to which we agreed to compensate her $11,485 (RMB80,000) annually for her services. Additionally, she is entitled to be included as an insured under our directors and officers insurance policy.
Agreement with Jiangliang He
As of September 4, 2018, we entered into an agreement with Mr. He in the form of a director offer letter pursuant to which we agreed to compensate her $5,168 (RMB36,000) annually for her services. Additionally, she is entitled to be included as an insured under our directors and officers insurance policy.
Agreement with Pingfan Wu
As of October 26, 2018, we entered into an agreement with Ms. Wu in the form of a director offer letter pursuant to which we agreed to compensate her $8,614 (RMB60,000) annually for her services. Additionally, she is entitled to be included as an insured under our directors and officers insurance policy.
52
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our common stock beneficially owned on June 28, 2020 or the latest applicable date prior to that date, for (i) each stockholder known to be the beneficial owner of five percent (5%) or more of our outstanding common stock, (ii) each executive officer and director, and (iii) all executive officers and directors as a group. To the best of our knowledge, subject to community and marital property laws, all persons named have sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares, except as otherwise noted.
| Common Stock Beneficially Owned | ||||||||
| Executive officers and directors: (1) | Number of Shares beneficially owned (2) | Percentage of class beneficially owned (3) | ||||||
| Lei Liu, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors (4) | 8,825,482 | 23.2 | % | |||||
| Ming Zhao, Chief Financial Officer | 199,000 | * | % | |||||
| Li Qi, Director (4) | 6,409,000 | 16.9 | % | |||||
| Yan Liu, Secretary | - | * | % | |||||
| Caroline Wang, Director (5) | - | * | % | |||||
| Genghua Gu, Director (6) | 30,000 | * | % | |||||
| Jiangliang, He, Director | - | * | % | |||||
| Pingfan Wu, Director | - | * | % | |||||
| All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons) | 9,433,482 | 24.8 | % | |||||
| 5% Shareholders: (1) | ||||||||
| CareRetail Holdings Limited (7) | 4,840,000 | 12.7 | % | |||||
| Super Marvel Limited (4) | 6,030,000 | 15.9 | % | |||||
| Chong’an Jin (4) | 6,049,000 | 15.9 | % | |||||
| * | Less than 1%. |
| (1) | Unless otherwise noted, the address for each of the named beneficial owners is: 6th Floor, Hai Wai Hai Tongxin Mansion, Gong Shu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310008. |
| (2) | Under Rule 13d-3, a beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of shares; and (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Certain shares may be deemed to be beneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemed to be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of which the information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount of shares beneficially owned by such person (and only such person) by reason of these acquisition rights. As a result, the percentage of outstanding shares of any person as shown in this table does not necessarily reflect the person’s actual ownership or voting power with respect to the number of shares of common stock actually outstanding. |
| (3) | Unless otherwise noted, the number and percentage of outstanding shares of common stock is based upon 37,961,790 shares outstanding as of June 28, 2020. |
| (4) | The address of Super Marvel Limited (“Super Marvel”) is P.O. Box 957, Offshore Incorporations Centre, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. The owners of Super Marvel are Lei Liu (39%), Li Qi (30%) and Chong’an Jin (31%). They are also its directors. As such, they are deemed to have or share investment control over Super Marvel’s portfolio. According to Rule 13d-5, when two or more persons agree to act together for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of equity securities of an issuer, the group formed thereby shall be deemed to have acquired beneficial ownership, for purposes of sections 13(d) and (g) of the Exchange Act, as of the date of such agreement, of all equity securities of that issuer beneficially owned by any such persons. As a result, 6,030,000 shares of common stock held by Super Marvel reported herein as beneficially owned by each of Mr. Liu, Ms. Qi and Mr. Jin, which they in turn own indirectly through their respective ownership of Super Marvel. |
| (5) | Ms. Wang’s address is: 3601B The Center, Changle Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. |
| (6) | Dr. Gu’s address is: No.1, Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, China. |
| (7) | The address of CareRetail Holdings Limited is Walkers Corporate Limited, Cayman Corporate Centre, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9008. Hillhouse Capital Management, Ltd., an exempted Cayman Islands company (“Hillhouse Capital”) is hereby deemed to be the sole beneficial owner of, and to control the voting power of, the shares of our common stock held by CareRetail. The directors of Hillhouse Capital are Jun Shen and Colm O’Connell. Mr. Shen and Mr. O’Connell are employees of Hillhouse Capital and Mr. Lei Zhang is the President and Chief Investment Officer of Hillhouse Capital. |
53
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.
Our Officers and Directors’ Relationship with Us, Our Subsidiaries and VIE
As described in “Business - Our Corporate History and Structure ” above, we control HJ Group through contractual arrangements between Jiuxin Management, our wholly-owned subsidiary, and each of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Service and Jiuzhou Clinic. HJ Group is owned by Mr. Lei Liu and Mr. Li Qi (the “Key Personnel”), whom also hold positions as our executive officers and/or directors. Because the Key Personnel also collectively own a substantial amount of our issued and outstanding common stock, we believe that our interests are aligned with those of HJ Group and the Key Personnel. However, see ” Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure - Our contractual arrangements with HJ Group and the Key Personnel may not be as effective in providing control over these entities as direct ownership,” and “Management members of HJ Group have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may adversely affect our business and your ability for recourse.”
Other Related Party Transactions
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Due to a director and CEO (1): | 490,218 | 795,179 | ||||||
| (1) | Due to foreign exchange restrictions, the Company’s director and CEO, Mr. Lei Liu personally lent U.S. dollars to the Company to facilitate its payments of expenses in the United States. |
The Company leases a retail space from Mr. Lei Liu. The lease will expire in September 2020. The rent for the year ended March 31, 2020 has not been paid to Mr. Liu as of March 31, 2020.
On April 28, 2018, 10% of Jiuxin Medicine was sold to Hangzhou Kangzhou Biotech Co. Ltd. for a total proceeds of approximately $75,643(RMB507,760). Mr. Lei Liu owns 51% of Hangzhou Kangzhou Biotech Co. Ltd.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
Our current principal independent auditor is BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP (“BDO China”) whom we engaged on April 7, 2015. The following table shows the fees for audit and other services provided by BDO China in relation to our 2020 and 2019 fiscal years:
| For the Fiscal Years ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Audit Fees (1) | $ | 245,000 | $ | 230,000 | ||||
| Audit-Related Fees (2) | - | - | ||||||
| Tax Fees (3) | - | - | ||||||
| All Other Fees (4) | - | - | ||||||
| Total | $ | 245,000 | $ | 230,000 | ||||
| (1) | Audit Fees: This category includes the audit of our annual financial statements, review of financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and services that are normally provided by independent auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or the engagement for fiscal years. This category also includes advice on audit and accounting matters that arose during, or as a result of, the audit or the review of interim financial statements. |
| (2) | Audit-Related Fees: This category consists of assurance and related services by our independent auditors that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported above under “Audit Fees.” |
| (3) | Tax Fees: This category consists of professional services rendered by our independent auditors for tax compliance and tax advice. The services for the fees disclosed under this category include tax return preparation and technical tax advice. |
| (4) | All Other Fees: This category consists of fees for other miscellaneous items. |
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures of the Audit Committee
The Audit Committee approves the engagement of our independent auditors and is also required to pre-approve all audit and non-audit expenses. Prior to engaging its accountants to perform particular services, the Audit Committee obtains an estimate for the service to be performed. All of the services described above were approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with its procedure.
54
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(1) Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report:
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules are omitted because the required information is not present or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule or because the information required is given in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits
Not applicable.
EXHIBIT INDEX
55
56
| 99.1 | Project Agreement between The People’s Government of Qianhong Village, Lin’an, Zhejiang Province (the “Qianhong Local Government”) and Jiuzhou Pharmacy dated February 27, 2010 (7) | |
| 99.2 | Security Deposit Agreement between the Qianhong Local Government and Jiuzhou Pharmacy dated February 27, 2010 (7) | |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Scheme Document | |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| * | Filed herewith |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on November 28, 2007 |
| (2) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 15, 2008 |
| (3) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 24, 2009 |
| (4) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 30, 2009 |
| (5) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2010 |
| (6) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 14, 2010 |
| (7) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 29, 2010 |
(8) |
Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 2, 2020 |
| (9) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on February 14, 2011 |
| (10) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 17, 2012 |
| (11) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 30, 2012 |
| (12) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2013 |
| (13) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 12, 2013 |
| (14) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 11, 2019 |
| (15) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 26, 2018 |
| (16) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2014 |
| (17) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2015 |
| (18) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 2, 2015 |
| (19) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2017 |
| (20) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Exhibit A to the proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed on January 21, 2020 |
| (21) | Incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.33 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 29, 2017 |
| (22) | Incorporated by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 6, 2018 |
57
Pursuant to the requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| CHINA JO-JO DRUGSTORES, INC. | ||
| (Registrant) | ||
| Date : July 10, 2020 | By: | /s/ Lei Liu |
| Lei Liu | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date : July 10, 2020 | By: | /s/ Ming Zhao |
| Ming Zhao | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ||
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Lei Liu | Chief Executive Officer and Director | July 10, 2020 | ||
| Lei Liu | ||||
| /s/ Ming Zhao | Chief Financial Officer | July 10, 2020 | ||
| Ming Zhao | ||||
| /s/ Li Qi | Director | July 10, 2020 | ||
| Li Qi | ||||
| /s/ Caroline Wang | Director | July 10, 2020 | ||
| Caroline Wang | ||||
| /s/ Jiangliang He | Director | July 10, 2020 | ||
| Jiangliang He | ||||
| /s/ Genghua Gu | Director | July 10, 2020 | ||
| Genghua Gu | ||||
| /s/ Pingfan Wu | Director | July 10, 2020 | ||
| Pingfan Wu |
58
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors
China Jo-Jo Drugstores, Inc.
Carson City, Nevada
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of China Jo-Jo Drugstores, Inc. (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, effective April 1, 2019, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases due to the adoption of ASC 842, Leases.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Accountants LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since year 2015.
Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
July 10, 2020
F-1
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
| ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
CHINA JO-JO DRUGSTORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| March 31, | March 31, | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 16,176,318 | $ | 9,322,463 | ||||
| Restricted cash | 14,806,288 | 15,422,739 | ||||||
| Financial assets available for sale | 157,159 | 180,928 | ||||||
| Notes receivable | 57,005 | 177,278 | ||||||
| Trade accounts receivable | 9,770,656 | 8,692,514 | ||||||
| Inventories | 12,247,004 | 13,955,202 | ||||||
| Other receivables, net | 5,069,442 | 4,438,230 | ||||||
| Advances to suppliers | 1,174,800 | 1,950,252 | ||||||
| Other current assets | 1,528,540 | 2,063,375 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 60,987,212 | 56,202,981 | ||||||
| PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net | 7,633,740 | 8,727,358 | ||||||
| OTHER ASSETS | ||||||||
| Long-term investment | 2,544,451 | 24,243 | ||||||
| Farmland assets | 742,347 | 825,259 | ||||||
| Long term deposits | 1,456,384 | 2,157,275 | ||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | 1,046,763 | 1,196,197 | ||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 21,711,376 | - | ||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 3,393,960 | 3,597,323 | ||||||
| Total other assets | 30,895,281 | 7,800,297 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 99,516,233 | $ | 72,730,636 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Short-term bank loan | 1,410,130 | - | ||||||
| Accounts payable, trade | 21,559,494 | 23,106,230 | ||||||
| Notes payable | 26,605,971 | 25,951,673 | ||||||
| Other payables | 2,522,330 | 3,197,221 | ||||||
| Other payables - related parties | 490,218 | 795,179 | ||||||
| Customer deposits | 708,140 | 771,942 | ||||||
| Taxes payable | 119,247 | 125,859 | ||||||
| Accrued liabilities | 753,612 | 1,264,182 | ||||||
| Long-term loan payable-current portion | 2,287,742 | - | ||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 981,090 | - | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 57,437,974 | 55,212,286 | ||||||
| Long-term loan payable | 4,115,958 | - | ||||||
| Long term operating lease liabilities | 19,049,575 | - | ||||||
| Employee Deposits | 70,507 | 81,935 | ||||||
| Purchase option and warrants liability | 64,090 | 465,248 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 80,738,104 | 55,759,469 | ||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Common stock; $0.001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 32,936,786 and 28,936,778 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 | 32,937 | 28,937 | ||||||
| Preferred stock; $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; nil issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 | - | - | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 54,209,301 | 44,905,664 | ||||||
| Statutory reserves | 1,309,109 | 1,309,109 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (36,400,837 | ) | (30,587,468 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 1,440,424 | 2,508,964 | ||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 20,590,934 | 18,165,206 | ||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | (1,812,805 | ) | (1,194,039 | ) | ||||
| Total equity | 18,778,129 | 16,971,167 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 99,516,233 | $ | 72,730,636 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-2
CHINA JO-JO DRUGSTORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| For
the years ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| REVENUES, NET | $ | 117,327,689 | $ | 107,551,012 | ||||
| COST OF GOODS SOLD | 91,801,259 | 82,442,969 | ||||||
| GROSS PROFIT | 25,526,430 | 25,108,043 | ||||||
| SELLING EXPENSES | 23,793,603 | 24,265,184 | ||||||
| GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES | 8,108,377 | 1,718,989 | ||||||
| IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS | 628,192 | - | ||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | 32,530,172 | 25,984,173 | ||||||
| LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | (7,003,742 | ) | (876,130 | ) | ||||
| OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): | ||||||||
| INTEREST INCOME | 1,063,747 | 112,887 | ||||||
| INTEREST EXPENSE | (698,518 | ) | - | |||||
| OTHER | (204,064 | ) | (93,311 | ) | ||||
| CHANGE IN FAIR VALUE OF PURCHASE OPTION AND WARRANTS LIABILITY | 401,158 | (326,452 | ) | |||||
| LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (6,441,419 | ) | (1,183,006 | ) | ||||
| PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 16,258 | 134,763 | ||||||
| NET LOSS | (6,457,677 | ) | (1,317,769 | ) | ||||
| ADD: NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST | (644,308 | ) | (391,491 | ) | ||||
| NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHINA JO-JO DRUGSTORES, INC. | (5,813,369 | ) | (926,278 | ) | ||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | ||||||||
| FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION ADJUSTMENTS | (1,068,540 | ) | (1,077,496 | ) | ||||
| COMPREHENSIVE LOSS | (7,526,217 | ) | (2,395,265 | ) | ||||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES: | ||||||||
| Basic | 32,816,567 | 28,936,778 | ||||||
| Diluted | 32,816,567 | 28,936,778 | ||||||
| LOSS PER SHARES: | ||||||||
| Basic | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
| Diluted | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
CHINA JO-JO DRUGSTORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Additional | Retained Earnings | other | Non- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of | paid-in | Statutory | Accumulated | comprehensive | controlling | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| shares | Amount | capital | reserves | deficit | income/(loss) | interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, March 31, 2018. | 28,936,778 | $ | 28,937 | 43,599,089 | 1,309,109 | (29,661,190 | ) | 3,586,460 | - | $ | 18,862,405 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | - | - | 197,100 | - | - | - | - | 197,100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase in capital of Jiuzhou Pharmacy | - | - | 7,529 | - | - | - | - | 7,529 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Start-up of Linjia Medical | - | - | - | - | - | - | 223,629 | 223,629 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of 10% of Jiuxin Medicine | - | - | 1,101,946 | - | - | - | (1,027,082 | ) | 74,864 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | (926,278 | ) | - | (391,491 | ) | (1,317,769 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss | - | - | - | - | - | (1,077,496 | ) | 905 | (1,076,591 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, March 31, 2019. | 28,936,778 | 28,937 | 44,905,664 | 1,309,109 | (30,587,468 | ) | 2,508,964 | (1,194,039 | ) | 16,971,167 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | - | - | 34,560 | - | - | - | - | 34,560 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of stock and warrants | 4,000,008 | 4,000 | 9,269,077 | - | - | - | - | 9,273,077 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | (5,813,369 | ) | - | (644,308 | ) | (6,457,677 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss | - | - | - | - | - | (1,068,540 | ) | 25,542 | (1,042,998 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE, March 31, 2020. | 32,936,786 | 32,937 | 54,209,301 | 1,309,109 | (36,400,837 | ) | 1,440,424 | (1,812,805 | ) | 18,778,129 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
CHINA JO-JO DRUGSTORES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For
the years ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net income | $ | (6,457,677 | ) | $ | (1,317,769 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Bad debt direct write-off and provision | 446,354 | (3,357,851 | ) | |||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 2,082,817 | 1,676,413 | ||||||
| Impairment of long lived assets | 628,192 | - | ||||||
| Stock based compensation | 34,560 | 197,100 | ||||||
| Change in fair value of purchase option derivative liability | (401,158 | ) | 326,452 | |||||
| Change in operating assets: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, trade | (1,567,774 | ) | (116,810 | ) | ||||
| Notes receivable | 112,803 | 83,910 | ||||||
| Inventories and biological assets | 979,935 | (1,390,823 | ) | |||||
| Other receivables | (1,010,722 | ) | (1,308,437 | ) | ||||
| Advances to suppliers | 148,638 | 3,612,453 | ||||||
| Long term deposit | 596,209 | 183,841 | ||||||
| Other current assets | (1,278,833 | ) | (83,372 | ) | ||||
| Other noncurrent assets | 87,065 | (23,511 | ) | |||||
| Change in operating liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable, trade | (317,755 | ) | (528,353 | ) | ||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | (967,751 | ) | (328,473 | ) | ||||
| Customer deposits | (22,963 | ) | (3,011,194 | ) | ||||
| Taxes payable | 115 | (216,792 | ) | |||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (6,907,945 | ) | (5,603,216 | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Disposal of financial assets available for sale | 14,356 | 87,290 | ||||||
| Purchase of financial assets available for sale | - | (104,360 | ) | |||||
| Acquisition of equipment and building | (656,297 | ) | (5,450,934 | ) | ||||
| Investment in a joint venture | (2,567,083 | ) | - | |||||
| Increase intangible assets | (871,145 | ) | (29,817 | ) | ||||
| Additions to leasehold improvements | (756,444 | ) | (1,828,360 | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (4,836,613 | ) | (7,326,181 | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term bank loan | 1,435,620 | - | ||||||
| Proceeds from third parties loan | 7,178,100 | - | ||||||
| Repayment of third parties loan | (658,645 | ) | - | |||||
| Proceeds from notes payable | 48,974,772 | 42,030,521 | ||||||
| Repayment of notes payable | (46,896,917 | ) | (34,018,811 | ) | ||||
| Increase in financial liability | (7,178 | ) | 81,997 | |||||
| Proceeds from sale of stock and warrants | 9,273,077 | 7,529 | ||||||
| Repayment of other payables-related parties | (285,123 | ) | (22,655 | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 19,013,706 | 8,078,581 | ||||||
| EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE ON CASH | (1,031,744 | ) | (1,856,174 | ) | ||||
| INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH | 6,237,404 | (6,706,989 | ) | |||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of year | 24,745,202 | 31,452,191 | ||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of year | $ | 30,982,606 | $ | 24,745,202 | ||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 17,198 | $ | 56,422 | ||||
| Cash paid for interest | 108,098 | - | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Note 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION
China Jo-Jo Drugstores, Inc. (“Jo-Jo Drugstores” or the “Company”), was incorporated in Nevada on December 19, 2006, originally under the name “Kerrisdale Mining Corporation”. On September 24, 2009, the Company changed its name to “China Jo-Jo Drugstores, Inc.” in connection with a share exchange transaction as described below.
On September 17, 2009, the Company completed a share exchange transaction with Renovation Investment (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. (“Renovation”), whereby 7,900,000 shares of common stock were issued to the stockholders of Renovation in exchange for 100% of the capital stock of Renovation. The completion of the share exchange transaction resulted in a change of control. The share exchange transaction was accounted for as a reverse acquisition and recapitalization and, as a result, the consolidated financial statements of the Company (the legal acquirer) are, in substance, those of Renovation (the accounting acquirer), with the assets and liabilities, and revenues and expenses, of the Company being included effective from the date of the share exchange transaction. Renovation has no substantive operations of its own except for its holdings of Zhejiang Jiuxin Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Jiuxin Management”), Zhejiang Shouantang Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (“Shouantang Technology”) and Hangzhou Jiutong Medical Technology Co., Ltd (“Jiutong Medical”), Hangzhou Jiuyi Medical Technology Co. Ltd. (“Jiuyi Technology”), its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The Company is an online and offline retailer and wholesale distributor of pharmaceutical and other healthcare products in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”). The Company’s offline retail business is comprised primarily of pharmacies, which are operated by Hangzhou Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. (“Jiuzhou Pharmacy”), a company that the Company controls through contractual arrangements. On March 31, 2017, Jiuxin Management established a subsidiary, Lin’An Jiuzhou Pharmacy Co., Ltd (“Lin’An Jiuzhou”) to operates drugstores in Lin’an City.
During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company dissolved eight independent pharmacies. Among the eight dissolved pharmacies, two stores have merged into Jiuzhou Pharmacy and became Jiuzhou Pharmacy stores in Hangzhou. The other six stores’ licenses of government medical insurance, which qualify the stores for government reimbursement, were transferred to six Jiuzhou Pharmacy stores in Hangzhou City.
On January 9, 2020, in order to continue expanding and strengthening its local drugstore network, the Company acquired a local drugstores chain with ten stores at a price of $0.14 (RMB 1). The acquired chain agreed to cease their stores’business and liquidate all of the stores ‘accounts after Jiuzhou Pharmacy acquired them. In March 2020, the chain was dissolved and its government insurance reimbursement certificates have been transferred to Jiuzhou Pharmacy.
The Company’s offline retail business also includes four medical clinics through Hangzhou Jiuzhou Clinic of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (“Jiuzhou Clinic”) and Hangzhou Jiuzhou Medical and Public Health Service Co., Ltd. (“Jiuzhou Service”), both of which are also controlled by the Company through contractual arrangements. In May 2014, Shouantang Technology established Hangzhou Shouantang Bio-technology Co., Ltd. (“Shouantang Bio”). In May 2016, Shouantang Bio set up and held 49% of Hangzhou Kahamadi Bio-technology Co., Ltd.(“Kahamadi Bio”), a joint venture specializing in brand name development for nutritional supplements. In 2018, Jiuzhou Pharmacy invested a total of $741,540 (RMB5,100,000) in and held 51% of Zhejiang Jiuzhou Linjia Medical Investment and Management Co. Ltd (“Linjia Medical”), which operates two new clinics in Hangzhou as of March 31, 2020. On March 29, 2019, Jiuzhou Pharmacy formed and currently holds 51% of the equity of Zhejiang AyiGe Medical Health Management Co., Ltd.(“Ayi Health”), which is intended to provide technical support such as IT and customer support to our health management business in the future.
The Company currently conducts its online retail pharmacy business through Jiuzhou Pharmacy, which holds the Company’s online pharmacy license. On September 10, 2015, Renovation set up Jiuyi Technology to provide additional technical support such as webpage development to our online pharmacy business. In November 2015, the technical support function was transferred back to Jiuzhou Pharmacy, which hosts our online pharmacy.
The Company’s wholesale business is primarily conducted through Zhejiang Jiuxin Medicine Co., Ltd. (“Jiuxin Medicine”), which is licensed to distribute prescription and non-prescription pharmaceutical products throughout China. Jiuzhou Pharmacy acquired Jiuxin Medicine on August 25, 2011. On April 20, 2018, 10% of Jiuxin Medicine shares were sold to Hangzhou Kangzhou Biotech Co. Ltd. for a total proceeds of $79,625 (RMB 507,760).
F-6
The Company’s herb farming business is conducted by Hangzhou Qianhong Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. (“Qianhong Agriculture”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jiuxin Management. Due to the complexity of the cultivation business, Qianhong Agriculture has not grown herbs in fiscal 2020.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of the Company and each of the following entities:
| Entity Name | Background | Ownership | ||
| Renovation | ● Incorporated in Hong Kong SAR on September 2, 2008 | 100% | ||
| Jiuxin Management | ● Established in the PRC on October 14, 2008
● Deemed a wholly foreign owned enterprise (“WFOE”) under PRC law
● Registered capital of $14.5 million fully paid |
100% | ||
| Shouantang Technology | ● Established in the PRC on July 16, 2010 by Renovation with registered capital of $20 million
● Registered capital requirement reduced by the SAIC to $11 million in July 2012 and is fully paid
● Deemed a WFOE under PRC law
● Invests and finances the working capital of Quannuo Technology |
100% | ||
| Qianhong Agriculture | ● Established in the PRC on August 10, 2010 by Jiuxin Management
● Registered capital of RMB 10 million fully paid
● Carries out herb farming business |
100% | ||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy (1) | ● Established in the PRC on September 9, 2003
● Registered capital of RMB 5 million fully paid
● Operates the “Jiuzhou Grand Pharmacy” stores in Hangzhou |
VIE by contractual arrangements (2) | ||
| Jiuzhou Clinic (1) | ● Established in the PRC as a general partnership on October 10, 2003
● Operates a medical clinic adjacent to one of Jiuzhou Pharmacy’s stores |
VIE by contractual arrangements (2) | ||
| Jiuzhou Service (1) | ● Established in the PRC on November 2, 2005
● Registered capital of RMB 500,000 fully paid
● Operates a medical clinic adjacent to one of Jiuzhou Pharmacy’s stores |
VIE by contractual arrangements (2)
| ||
| Jiuxin Medicine | ● Established in PRC on December 31, 2003
● Acquired by Jiuzhou Pharmacy in August 2011
● Registered capital of RMB 10 million fully paid
● Carries out pharmaceutical distribution services |
VIE by contractual arrangements as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jiuzhou Pharmacy (2) | ||
| Jiutong Medical | ● Established in the PRC on December 20, 2011 by Renovation
● Registered capital of $2.6 million fully paid
● Currently has no operation |
100% |
F-7
| Entity Name | Background | Ownership | ||
| Shouantang Bio | ● Established in the PRC in October, 2014 by Shouantang Technology
● 100% held by Shouantang Technology
● Registered capital of RMB 1,000,000 fully paid
● Sells nutritional supplements under its own brand name |
100% | ||
| Jiuyi Technology | ● Established in the PRC on September 10, 2015
● 100% held by Renovation
● Technical support to online pharmacy |
100% | ||
| Kahamadi Bio | ● Established in the PRC in May 2016
● 49% held by Shouantang Bio
● Registered capital of RMB 10 million
● Develop brand name for nutritional supplements |
49% | ||
| Lin’An Jiuzhou | ● Established in the PRC in March 31, 2017
● 100% held by Jiuxin Management
● Registered capital of RMB 5 million
● Explore retail pharmacy market in Lin’An City |
100% | ||
| Linjia Medical | ● Established in the PRC in September27, 2017
● 51% held by Jiuzhou Pharmacy
● Registered capital of RMB 20 million
● Operates local clinics |
VIE by contractual arrangements as a controlled subsidiary of Jiuzhou Pharmacy (2) | ||
| Ayi Health | ● Established in the PRC in March 29, 2019
● 51% held by Jiuzhou Pharmacy
● Registered capital of RMB 10 million
● Provide technical Support for medial service |
VIE by contractual arrangements as a controlled subsidiary of Jiuzhou Pharmacy (2) |
| (1) | Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service had been under the common control of Mr. Lei Liu and Ms. Li Qi, the three shareholders (the “Owners”) since their respective establishment dates, pursuant to agreements among the Owners to vote their interests in concert as memorialized in a voting rights agreement. Based on such voting agreement, the Company has determined that common control exists among these three companies. The Owners have operated these three companies in conjunction with one another since each company’s respective establishment date. Jiuxin Medicine is also deemed under the common control of the Owners as a subsidiary of Jiuzhou Pharmacy. |
| (2) | To comply with certain foreign ownership restrictions of pharmacy and medical clinic operators, Jiuxin Management entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service on August 1, 2009. These contractual arrangements are comprised of five agreements: a consulting services agreement, operating agreement, equity pledge agreement, voting rights agreement and option agreement. Because such agreements obligate Jiuxin Management to absorb all of the risks of loss from the activities of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service, and enable the Company (through Jiuxin Management) to receive all of their expected residual returns, the Company accounts for each of the three companies (as well as subsidiaries of Jiuzhou Pharmacy) as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) under the accounting standards of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Accordingly, the financial statements of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service, as well as the subsidiaries under the control of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuxin Medicine and Shouantang Bio are consolidated into the financial statements of the Company. |
F-8
Note 2 – LIQUIDITY
The Company’s accounts have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) on a going concern basis. The going concern basis assumes that assets are realized and liabilities are extinguished in the ordinary course of business at amounts disclosed in the financial statements. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern depends upon aligning its sources of funding (debt and equity) with its expenditure requirements and repayment of the short-term debts as and when they become due.
The drug retail business is a highly competitive industry in the PRC. Several large drugstore chains and a variety of single stores operate in Hangzhou City and Zhejiang Province. In order to increase the Company’s competitive advantages and gain more local retail pharmacy market share, from fiscal year 2018, we opened fifty-nine new stores in Hangzhou. As a result, the Company incurred significant incremental expense related to rental, labor hiring and training, and marketing activities. As the retail pharmaceutical market becomes more competitive in recent years, a new store usually cannot make profit in its operation until a year later. In fact, the Company incurred significant expenses with limited incremental revenue in the period it opened new stores. At their openings, except for four stores, almost all of the new stores were without government insurance reimbursement certificates. In fact, it usually takes more than one year for a new store to apply for and obtain the local government insurance reimbursement certificate. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had obtained thirty-six reimbursement certificates for stores opened in fiscal 2018 and thereafter. Historically in a mature store, more than half of the total revenue were collected from the individual customers’ government insurance program. The Company is in the process of actively applying certificates for all of its new stores. In the future, as more and more stores obtain certificates, the Company expect its new store revenue to increase and eventually contribute positive operating cash flow.
The Company’s principal sources of liquidity consist of existing cash, equity financing, bank facilities from local banks as well as personal loans from its principal shareholders if necessary. On April 15, 2019, the Company closed a registered direct offering of 4,000,008 shares of common stock at $2.50 per share with gross proceeds of $10,000,020 from its effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 11, 2019 (the “2019 Securities Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company and the investors named therein. On June 3, 2020, the Company closed a registered direct offering of 5,000,004 shares of common stock at $2.00 per share with gross proceeds of $10,000,008 from its effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 1, 2020 (the “2020 Securities Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company and the investors named therein.
The Company has a credit line agreement from a local bank as displayed in detail in Note 14. As of March 31, 2020, approximately $0.53 million of the aforementioned bank credit line was available for further borrowing. Additionally, Jiuzhou Pharmacy obtained a credit line of approximately $7,175,000 (RMB50,000,000) from Haihui Commercial Factoring (Tianjin) Co. Ltd. (“Haihui Commercial”) for three years beginning July 26, 2019. As of March 31, 2020, the full amount has been borrowed from Haihui Commercial. Any borrowing thereunder is guaranteed by a third-party guarantor company, and secured by the Company’s assets pursuant to a collateral agreement, as well as personal guarantees of some of its principal shareholders.
The Company has also obtained additional government insurance reimbursement certificates for its stores opened in the last two years. As the sales reimbursed from the government account for more than half of sales in a mature store, the certificates may significantly increase the sales of these stores in the next 12 months. Additionally, with the proceeds from the registered direct financing closed on April 15, 2019 and June 3, 2020, and increased credit line, the Company believes it can support its operations for at least the next 12 months.
F-9
Note 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation and consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and VIEs. All significant inter-company transactions and balances between the Company, its subsidiaries and VIEs are eliminated upon consolidation.
Consolidation of variable interest entities
In accordance with accounting standards regarding consolidation of variable interest entities, VIEs are generally entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision making ability. All VIEs with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE for financial reporting purposes.
The Company has concluded, based on the contractual arrangements, that Jiuzhou Pharmacy (including its subsidiaries and controlled entities), Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service are each a VIE and that the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Jiuxin Management, absorbs a majority of the risk of loss from the activities of these companies, thereby enabling the Company, through Jiuxin Management, to receive a majority of their respective expected residual returns.
Control and common control are defined under the accounting standards as “an individual, enterprise, or immediate family members who hold more than 50 percent of the voting ownership interest of each entity.” Because the Owners collectively own 100% of Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service, and have agreed to vote their interests in concert since the establishment of each of these three companies as memorialized in the voting rights agreement, the Company believes that the Owners collectively have control and common control of the three companies. Accordingly, the Company believes that Jiuzhou Pharmacy, Jiuzhou Clinic and Jiuzhou Service were constructively held under common control by Jiuxin Management as of the time the Contractual Agreements were entered into, establishing Jiuxin Management as their primary beneficiary. Jiuxin Management, in turn, is owned by Renovation, which is owned by the Company.
Risks and Uncertainties
The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC, as well as by the general state of the PRC economy. The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political, regulatory and social conditions in the PRC. Although the Company has not experienced losses from these situations and believes that it is in compliance with existing laws and regulations including its organization and structure disclosed in Note 1, this may not be indicative of future results.
The Company has significant cash deposits with suppliers in order to obtain and maintain inventory. The Company’s ability to obtain products and maintain inventory at existing and new locations is dependent upon its ability to post and maintain significant cash deposits with its suppliers. In the PRC, many vendors are unwilling to extend credit terms for product sales that require cash deposits to be made. The Company does not generally receive interest on any of its supplier deposits, and such deposits are subject to loss as a result of the creditworthiness or bankruptcy of the party who holds such funds, as well as the risk from illegal acts such as conversion, fraud, theft or dishonesty associated with the third party. If these circumstances were to arise, the Company would find it difficult or impossible, due to the unpredictability of legal proceedings in China, to recover all or a portion of the amount on deposit with its suppliers.
F-10
Members of the current management team own controlling interests in the Company and are also the Owners of the VIEs in the PRC. The Company only controls the VIEs through contractual arrangements which obligate it to absorb the risk of loss and to receive the residual expected returns. As such, the controlling shareholders of the Company and the VIEs could cancel these agreements or permit them to expire at the end of the agreement terms, as a result of which the Company would not retain control of the VIEs.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates made in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements relate to the assessment of the carrying values of accounts receivable, advances to suppliers and related allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of property and equipment, inventory reserve and fair value of its purchase option derivative liability. Because of the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Fair value measurements
The Company establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy of valuation techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs, which may be used to measure fair value and include the following:
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities, which include financial instruments as defined by FASB ASC 820, include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, financial assets available for sales, accounts receivable, notes receivables, other receivable, accounts payable, notes payable, other payable, long-term debt and derivatives. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivables, and accounts payable are a reasonable approximation of fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments (Level 1). The carrying amount of notes payable approximates fair value based on borrowing rates of similar bank loan currently available to the Company (Level 2) (See Note 16). The carrying amount of Long-term loan payable approximates fair value based on borrowing rates of similar bank loan currently available to the Company (Level 2) (See Note 17).The carrying amount of the Company’s derivative instruments is recorded at fair value and is determined based on observable inputs that are corroborated by market data (Level 2) (See Note 21). The carrying amount of the financial assets available for sale is recorded at fair value and is determined based on unobservable inputs (Level 3) (See Note 4). The carrying amount of the financial liability is recorded at fair value and is determined based on unobservable inputs (Level 3) (See Note 22).
F-11
| Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Total Carrying Value | |||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 30,982,606 | - | - | 30,982,606 | |||||||||||
| Financial assets available for sale | - | - | 157,159 | 157,159 | ||||||||||||
| Account receivable | 9,770,656 | 9,770,656 | ||||||||||||||
| Notes receivable | 57,005 | 57,005 | ||||||||||||||
| Other receivable | 5,069,442 | 5,069,442 | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 21,559,494 | 21,559,494 | ||||||||||||||
| Notes payable | - | 26,605,971 | - | 26,605,971 | ||||||||||||
| Other payable | 2,522,330 | 2,522,330 | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term loan payable | 6,403,700 | 6,403,700 | ||||||||||||||
| Financial liability | 70,507 | 70,507 | ||||||||||||||
| Warrants liability | - | 64,090 | - | 64,090 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 69,961,533 | 33,073,761 | 227,666 | 103,262,960 | |||||||||||
Revenue recognition
Effective March 31, 2018, the Company began recognizing revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective transition method. The impact of adopting the new revenue standard was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The core principle of this new revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:
| ● | Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer |
| ● | Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract | |
| ● | Step 3: Determine the transaction price |
| ● | Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract |
| ● | Step 5: Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation |
In order to identify the performance obligations in a contract with a customer, a company must assess the promised goods or services in the contract and identify each promised good or service that is distinct. A performance obligation meets ASC 606’s definition of a “distinct” good or service (or bundle of goods or services) if both of the following criteria are met:
| ● | The customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer (i.e., the good or service is capable of being distinct). | |
| ● | The entity’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract (i.e., the promise to transfer the good or service is distinct within the context of the contract). |
F-12
If a good or service is not distinct, the good or service is combined with other promised goods or services until a bundle of goods or services is identified that is distinct.
The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example, some sales taxes). The consideration promised in a contract with a customer may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.
The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. The transaction price allocated to each performance obligation is recognized when that performance obligation is satisfied, at a point in time or over time as appropriate.
The Company’s revenue is net of value added tax (“VAT”) collected on behalf of the PRC tax authorities with respect to the sales of merchandise. VAT collected from customers, net of VAT paid for purchases, is recorded as a liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets until it is paid to the relevant PRC tax authorities.
Certain contract liabilities primarily represent the Company’s obligation to transfer additional goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration, for example, membership points. The consideration received remains a contract liability until goods or services have been provided to the retail customer. The estimated amount based on accrued membership points was deducted from sales revenue.
The following is a discussion of the Company’s revenue recognition policies by segment under the new revenue recognition accounting standard:
Pharmacy retail sales
The physical pharmacies sell prescription drugs, over-the-counter (“OTC”) drugs, traditional Chinese medicine, nutritional supplements, medical devices and sundry products. Revenue from sales of prescription medicine at drugstores is recognized when the prescription is filled and the customer picks up and pays for the prescription. Revenue from sales of other merchandise at drugstores is recognized at the point of sale, which is when a customer pays for and receives the merchandise. Usually the majority merchandise, such as prescription and OTC drugs, are not refundable after the customers leave the counter. Returns of other products, such as sundry products, are minimal. Sales of drugs reimbursed by the local government medical insurance agency and receivables from the agency are recognized when a customer pays for the drugs at a store. The Company based on historical experience, a reserve for potential losses from denial of reimbursement on certain unqualified drugs is made to the receivables from the government agency. Additionally, several onsite clinics adjacent to pharmacies provide limited medical services. Revenue from medical services is recognized after the service has been rendered to a customer. As revenue from medical services is minimal compared to pharmacy retail sales, it is included as part of the pharmacy retail sales.
The Company deduct the membership rewards directly from the retail revenue, and present such amounts in net sales as opposed to the current reduction of operation expense classification. Membership rewards, usually membership points, are accumulated by customers based on their historical spending levels. The Company has determined that there is an additional performance obligation to those customers at the time of the initial transaction. The customers can then redeem these points against the prices of merchandises they purchasse in the future. At the end of each period, unredeemed membership rewards are reflected as a contract liability.
Online pharmacy sales
The online pharmacy sells various health products except for prescription drugs. Revenue from online pharmacy sales is recognized when merchandise is shipped to customers. While most deliveries take one day, certain deliveries may take longer depending on a customer’s location. Any loss caused in a shipment will be reimbursed by the Company’s courier company. The Company’s sales policy allows for the return of certain merchandises without reason within seven days after a customer’s receipt of the applicable merchandise. Historically, sales returns seven days after merchandise receipts have been minimal.
F-13
Wholesale
Jiuxin Medicine purchases medicine in quantity and distributes products primarily to local pharmacies and medical products dealers. Revenue from sales of merchandise to non-retail customers is recognized when the merchandise is transferred to customers. Historically, sales returns have been minimal.
The Company’s revenue is net of VAT collected on behalf of PRC tax authorities in respect to the sales of merchandise. VAT collected from customers, net of VAT paid for purchases, is recorded as a liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets until it is paid to the relevant PRC tax authorities.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source in each segment for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:
| For the year ended March 31 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||
| Retail drugstores | ||||||||
| Prescription drugs | $ | 26,045,423 | $ | 23,516,046 | ||||
| OTC drugs | 31,532,248 | 31,401,328 | ||||||
| Nutritional supplements | 6,013,622 | 6,354,108 | ||||||
| TCM | 5,325,008 | 6,529,790 | ||||||
| Sundry products | 1,312,293 | 941,491 | ||||||
| Medical devices | 3,852,643 | 3,591,646 | ||||||
| Total retail revenue | $ | 74,081,237 | $ | 72,334,409 | ||||
| Online pharmacy | ||||||||
| Prescription drugs | $ | 1,447,469 | $ | - | ||||
| OTC drugs | 5,721,638 | 3,127,976 | ||||||
| Nutritional supplements | 742,809 | 737,315 | ||||||
| TCM | 266,638 | 74,262 | ||||||
| Sundry products | 2,082,601 | 2,736,070 | ||||||
| Medical devices | 3,280,060 | 2,108,836 | ||||||
| Total online revenue | $ | 13,541,215 | $ | 8,784,459 | ||||
| Drug wholesale | ||||||||
| Prescription drugs | $ | 24,857,708 | $ | 16,745,862 | ||||
| OTC drugs | 4,196,841 | 8,964,587 | ||||||
| Nutritional supplements | 205,881 | 290,534 | ||||||
| TCM | 314,769 | 271,280 | ||||||
| Sundry products | 43,854 | 24,846 | ||||||
| Medical devices | 86,184 | 135,035 | ||||||
| Total wholesale revenue | $ | 29,705,237 | $ | 26,432,144 | ||||
| Total revenue | $ | 117,327,689 | $ | 107,551,012 | ||||
Contract Balances
Contract liabilities primarily represent the Company’s obligation to transfer additional goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration, for example membership points and membership rewards. The consideration received remains a contract liability until goods or services have been provided to the retail customer.
The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Trade receivable(included in accounts receivable, net) | $ | 9,770,656 | $ | 8,692,514 | ||||
| Contract liabilities (included in accrued expenses) | 1,106,982 | 1,689,099 | ||||||
F-14
Restricted cash
The Company’s restricted cash consists of cash and long-term deposits in a bank as security for its notes payable. The Company has notes payable outstanding with the bank and is required to keep certain amounts on deposit that are subject to withdrawal restrictions. The notes payable are generally short term in nature due to their short maturity period of six to nine months; thus, restricted cash is classified as a current asset.
The following represents a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets to total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows as of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 16,176,318 | $ | 9,322,463 | ||||
| Restricted cash | 14,806,288 | 15,422,739 | ||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 30,982,606 | $ | 24,745,202 | ||||
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable represents the following: (1) amounts due from banks relating to retail sales that are paid or settled by the customers’ debit or credit cards, (2) amounts due from government social security bureaus and commercial health insurance programs relating to retail sales of drugs, prescription medicine, and medical services that are paid or settled by the customers’ medical insurance cards, (3) amounts due from non-bank third party payment instruments such as Alipay and certain e-commerce platforms and (4) amounts due from non-retail customers for sales of merchandise.
Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value consisting of the carrying amount less an allowance for uncollectible accounts, as necessary. In the Company’s retail business, accounts receivable mainly consist of reimbursements due from the government insurance bureaus and commercial health insurance programs and are usually collected within two or three months. The Company directly writes off delinquent account balances, which it determines to be uncollectible after confirming with the appropriate bureau or program each month. Additionally, the Company also makes estimated reserves on related outstanding accounts receivable based on historical trends.
In the Company’s online pharmacy business, accounts receivable primarily consist of amounts due from non-bank third party payment instruments such as Alipay and certain e-commerce platforms. To purchase pharmaceutical products from an e-commerce platforms such as Tmall, customers are required to submit payment to certain non-bank third party payment instruments, such as Alipay, which, in turn, reimburse the Company within seven days to a month. Except for customer returns of sold products, the receivables from these payments instruments are rarely uncollectible.
In its wholesale business, the Company uses the aging method to estimate the allowance for anticipated uncollectible receivable balances. Under the aging method, bad debt percentages are determined by management, based on historical experience and the current economic climate, are applied to customers’ balances categorized by the number of months the underlying invoices have remained outstanding. At each reporting period, the allowance balance is adjusted to reflect the amount computed as a result of the aging method. When facts subsequently become available to indicate that the allowance provided requires an adjustment, a corresponding adjustment is made to the allowance account as a change in estimate.
Advances to suppliers
Advances to suppliers consist of prepayments to its vendors, such as pharmaceutical manufacturers and other distributors. Since the acquisition of Jiuxin Medicine, the Company have transferred almost all logistics services of its retail drugstores to Jiuxin Medicine. Jiuzhou Pharmacy only directly purchases certain non-medical products, such as certain nutritional supplements. As a result, almost all advances to suppliers are made by Jiuxin Medicine.
Advances to suppliers for its drug wholesale business consist of prepayments to its vendors, such as pharmaceutical manufacturers and other distributors. The Company typically receive products from vendors within three to nine months after making prepayments. The Company continuously monitor delivery from, and payments to, its vendors while maintaining a provision for estimated credit losses based upon historical experience and any specific supplier issues, such as discontinuing of inventory supply, that have been identified.
F-15
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first in first out (FIFO) method. The Company carries out physical inventory counts on a monthly basis at each store and warehouse location. Herbs that the Company farms are recorded at their cost, which includes direct costs such as seed selection, fertilizer, labor costs that are spent in growing herbs on the leased farmland, and indirect costs such as amortization of farmland development cost. All costs are accumulated until the time of harvest and then allocated to harvested herbs costs when the herbs are sold. The Company periodically reviews its inventory and records write-downs to inventories for shrinkage losses and damaged merchandise that are identified. The Company provides a reserve for estimated inventory obsolescence or excess quantities on hand equal to the difference, if any, between the cost of the inventory and its estimated realizable value.
Farmland assets
Herbs that the Company farms are recorded at their cost, which includes direct costs such as seed selection, fertilizer, and labor costs that are spent in growing herbs on the leased farmland, and indirect costs such as amortization of farmland development costs. Since April 2014, amortization of farmland development costs has been expensed instead of allocated into inventory due to unpredictable future market value of planted gingko trees.
All related costs described in the above are accumulated until the time of harvest and then allocated to harvested herbs when they are sold.
Property and equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, taking into consideration the assets’ estimated residual value. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of lease term or remaining lease period of the underlying assets. Following are the estimated useful lives of the Company’s property and equipment:
| Estimated Useful Life | ||
| Leasehold improvements | 3-10 years | |
| Motor vehicles | 3-5 years | |
| Office equipment & furniture | 3-5 years | |
| Buildings | 35 years |
Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to expenses as incurred. Major additions and betterment to property and equipment are capitalized.
Intangible assets
Intangible assets are acquired individually or as part of a group of assets, and are initially recorded at their fair value. The cost of a group of assets acquired in a transaction is allocated to the individual assets based on their relative fair values.
The estimated useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:
| Estimated Useful Life | ||
| Land use rights | 50 years | |
| Software | 3 years | |
|
license |
Infinite |
The Company evaluates intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired.
Impairment of long lived assets
The Company evaluates long lived tangible and intangible assets for impairment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable from its estimated future cash flows. Recoverability is measured by comparing the assets’ net book value to the related projected undiscounted cash flows from these assets, considering a number of factors including past operating results, budgets, economic projections, market trends and product development cycles. If the net book value of the asset exceeds the related undiscounted cash flows, the asset is considered impaired, and a second test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss. In the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company evaluated the licenses of insurance applicable drugstores acquired in the past based on their discounted positive cash value. Due to the stricter government insurance policy in fiscal year 2021, the value of these licenses has declined. As a result, The Company recorded an impairment of $628,192 as of March 31, 2020..
Notes payable
During the normal course of business, the Company regularly issues bank acceptance bills as a payment method to settle outstanding accounts payables with various material suppliers. The Company records such bank acceptance bills as notes payable. Such notes payable are generally short term in nature due to their short maturity period of six to nine months.
F-16
Income taxes
The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates, applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The accounting standards clarify the accounting and disclosure requirements for uncertain tax positions and prescribe a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The accounting standards also provide guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures, and transition. No significant penalties, uncertain tax provisions or interest relating to income taxes were incurred during the periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
Value added tax
Sales revenue represents the invoiced value of goods, net of VAT. All of the Company’s products are sold in the PRC and are subject to a VAT on the gross sales price. The VAT rates range up to 17%, depending on the type of products sold. The VAT may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing or acquiring its finished products. The Company recorded a VAT payable net of payments in the accompanying financial statements.
Stock based compensation
The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation,” which establishes accounting standards for non-employee and employee stock-based awards. Under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, the fair value of stock issued is used to measure the fair value of services received as the Company believes such approach is a more reliable method of measuring the fair value of the services. For non-employee stock-based awards, fair value is measured based on the value of the Company’s common stock on the date that the commitment for performance by the counterparty has been reached or the counterparty’s performance is complete. The fair value of the equity instrument is calculated and then recognized as compensation expense over the requisite performance period. For employee stock-based awards, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense with graded vesting on a straight–line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.
Advertising and promotion costs
Advertising and promotion costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $262,553 and $1,023,461 for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Such costs consist primarily of print and promotional materials such as flyers to local communities.
Foreign currency translation
The Company uses the United States dollar (“U.S. dollars” or “USD”) for financial reporting purposes. The Company’s subsidiaries and VIEs maintain their books and records in their functional currency the Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of the PRC.
F-17
In general, for consolidation purposes, the Company translates the assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries and VIEs into U.S. dollars using the applicable exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date, and the statements of income and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the reporting period. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statement of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheet. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates. Adjustments resulting from the translation of the financial statements of the subsidiaries and VIEs are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income.
The balance sheet amounts, with the exception of equity, at March 31, 2020 and 2019 were translated at 1 RMB to 0.1410 USD and at 1 RMB to 0.1490 USD, respectively. The average translation rates applied to income and cash flow statement amounts for years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were at 1 RMB to 0.1436 USD and at 1 RMB to 0.1491 USD, respectively.
Concentrations and credit risk
Certain financial instruments, which subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist of cash and restricted cash. The Company has cash balances at financial institutions located in Hong Kong and PRC. Balances at financial institutions in Hong Kong may, from time to time, exceed Hong Kong Deposit Protection Board’s insured limits. Since March 31, 2015, balances at financial institutions and state-owned banks within the PRC are covered by insurance up to RMB 500,000 (USD 79,600) per bank. As of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, the Company had deposits totaling $30,974,714 and $24,730,736 that were covered by such limited insurance, respectively. Any balance over RMB 500,000 (USD 79,600) per bank in PRC will not be covered. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, two vendors collectively accounted for 50.4% of the Company’s total purchases and two suppliers accounted for more than 10% of total advances to suppliers. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, two vendors collectively accounted for 40.3% of the Company’s total purchases and two suppliers accounted for more than 10% of total advances to suppliers.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total sales and more than 10% of total accounts receivable. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total sales or more than 10% of total accounts receivable.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all of their leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). The liability is equal to the present value of lease payments. The asset is based on the liability, subject to certain adjustments, such as for initial direct costs. For income statement purposes, a dual model was retained, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance leases. Operating leases result in straight-line expense (similar to operating leases under the prior accounting standard) while finance leases result in a front-loaded expense pattern (similar to capital leases under the prior accounting standard). Lessor accounting is similar to the prior model, but updated to align with certain changes to the lessee model (e.g., certain definitions, such as initial direct costs, have been updated) and the new revenue standard, ASU 2014-9.
F-18
The Company adopted this new accounting standard on April 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and applied the new standard to all leases through a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings. As a result, comparative financial information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which includes, among other things, the ability to carry forward the existing lease classification. On April 1, 2019, the Company recorded an after-tax transition adjustment to increase retained earnings by approximately $422,354. The new standard had a material impact on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet, but did not materially impact the Company’s consolidated operating results and had no impact on the Company’s cash flows. The following is a discussion of the Company’s lease policy under the new lease accounting standard:
The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at the inception of a contract. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the remaining future minimum lease payments. As the interest rate implicit in the Company’s leases is not readily determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, determined by class of underlying asset, to discount the lease payments. The operating lease right-of-use assets also include lease payments made before commencement and exclude lease incentives.
The Company leases premises for retail drugstores, and offices under non-cancellable operating leases. Operating lease payments are expensed over the term of lease using straight line method. A majority of the Company’s retail drugstore leases have a 3 to 10 year term. Usually within one to three months prior to the expiration date of a lease, the Company is required to notify the lessor and has a priority to continue renting the lease property if a lessor intends to lease property. The lease itself does not have restriction or covenants. If both parties agree to continue, a new lease contract with new lease terms has to been signed by both parties. Usually the rent may increase year by year based on the lease contract. Sublease is typically not allowed. Any damage, if made by the lessee, to the property and equipment within the property has to been fixed or reimbursed by the lessee. The Company does not have any leases entered into but which have not yet commenced. The Company has historically been able to renew a majority of its drugstores leases. The weighted average remaining lease term is 3 years and the weighted average discount rate is 4.19%. Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company has no legal or contractual asset retirement obligations at the end of the leases. See Note 14 “Leases” for additional information.
Impact of New Lease Standard on Balance Sheet Line Items
As a result of applying the new lease standard using a modified retrospective method, the following adjustments were made to accounts on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of April 1, 2019:
| Impact of Change in Accounting Policy | ||||||||||||
| As Reported | Adjusted | |||||||||||
| March 31, 2019 | Adjustments | April 1, 2019 | ||||||||||
| Other current assets | 2,063,375 | (717,414 | ) | 1,345,961 | ||||||||
| Total current assets | 56,202,981 | (717,414 | ) | 55,485,567 | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | - | 15,276,388 | 15,276,388 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 72,730,636 | 14,558,974 | 87,289,610 | |||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | - | 4,718,610 | 4,718,610 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 55,212,286 | 4,718,610 | 59,930,896 | |||||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | - | 9,418,011 | 9,418,011 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 55,759,469 | 14,136,621 | 69,896,090 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | (30,587,468 | ) | 422,354 | (30,165,114 | ) | |||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 18,165,206 | 422,354 | 18,587,560 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 16,971,167 | 422,354 | 17,393,521 | |||||||||
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting pronouncements adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” providing financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. For public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The FASB has voted to defer the effective date for public companies that are smaller reporting companies to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. All entities may adopt the amendments in this Update earlier as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on our consolidated financial statements.
F-19
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, adds, and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements under ASC 820. This ASU is to be applied on a prospective basis for certain modified or new disclosure requirements, and all other amendments in the standard are to be applied on a retrospective basis. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2018-13 has no impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Accounting pronouncements not yet effective to adopt
In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception”. Part I of this Update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Part II of this Update addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification®. For public business entities, the amendments in Part I of this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. ASU No. 2017-11 has no impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”), which removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. An entity will apply a one-step quantitative test and record the amount of goodwill impairment as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The new guidance does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. Public business entity that is a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filer should adopt the amendments in this ASU for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment test in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. ASU 2017-4 has no impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes” (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 will simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company do not expect that the requirements of ASU 2019-12 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
F-20
NOTE 4 – FINANCIAL ASSETS AVAILABLE FOR SALE
As of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, financial assets available for sale amounted to $157,159 (RMB 1,114,500) and $180,928 (RMB 1,214,500), respectively. As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of an investment in a limited partner (LP) in a private equity fund (PE fund), which is intended to invest in retail pharmaceutical business, is $72,551 (RMB514,500). Additionally, the Company has invested in Inter Mongolia Songlu Pharmaceutical Co.(“Songlu Pharmaceutical”). As of March 31, 2020, the fair value of the investment is $84,608 (RMB600,000), which accounts for 0.5% shares of Songlu Pharmaceutical. The Company has also invested a total of $14,538 (RMB100,000) in a mutual fund, which has been liquidated in the year ended March 31, 2020.
NOTE 5 – TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Trade accounts receivable consisted of the following:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | 12,034,726 | $ | 11,939,364 | ||||
| Less: allowance for doubtful accounts | (2,264,070 | ) | (3,246,850 | ) | ||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | $ | 9,770,656 | $ | 8,692,514 | ||||
For the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $212,338 and $146,593 in accounts receivable were directly written off, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, $627,055 were pledged as collateral for borrowings from financial institutions. As of March 31, 2019, no trade accounts receivables were pledged as collateral for borrowings from financial institutions.
Note 6 – OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Other current assets consisted of the following:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Prepaid rental expenses (1) | $ | 1,364,975 | $ | 1,979,852 | ||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | 163,565 | 83,523 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 1,528,540 | $ | 2,063,375 | ||||
| (1) | The balance as of March 31, 2020 includes short-term refundable rental security deposits only, while the balance as of March 31, 2019 includes security deposits of $1,444,026 and prepaid rental of $535,826. |
Note 7 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consisted of the following:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Building | $ | 5,880,627 | $ | 6,436,297 | ||||
| Leasehold improvements | 9,209,136 | 8,944,025 | ||||||
| Farmland development cost | 1,686,430 | 1,781,627 | ||||||
| Office equipment and furniture | 5,632,955 | 5,470,084 | ||||||
| Motor vehicles | 504,327 | 551,927 | ||||||
| Total | 22,913,475 | 23,183,960 | ||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (13,059,852 | ) | (12,111,409 | ) | ||||
| Impairment* | (2,219,883 | ) | (2,345,193 | ) | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 7,633,740 | $ | 8,727,358 | ||||
| * | The variance of impairment from March 31, 2020 to March 31, 2019 is solely caused by exchange rate variance. |
Total depreciation expense for property and equipment was $1,828,514 and $1,221,520 for the year ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were no fixed assets impaired in the years ended March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
F-21
Note 8 – LONG-TERM INVESTMENT
Long-term investment consists of the following:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Kahamadi Bio (1) | $ | 6,217 | * | $ | 24,243 | * | ||
| Zhetong Medical (2) | 2,538,234 | - | ||||||
| Advance to suppliers, net | $ | 2,544,451 | $ | 24,243 | ||||
(1) It represents 49% investment in Kahamadi Bio. The investment is recorded using equity method. Kahamadi Bio suffered loss in the year ended March 31, 2020.
(2) It represents 39% investment in Zhejiang Zhetong Medical Co., Ltd. Zhetong Medical is established in March 2020 and targeted to acquire or cooperate with potential local pharmacies. By attracting more funds from local investors, the Company expects to continue growing its local network in the future.
Note 9 – ADVANCES TO SUPPLIERS
Advances to suppliers consist of deposits, with or advances to, outside vendors for future inventory purchases. Most of the Company’s suppliers require a certain amount of money to be deposited with them as a guarantee that the Company will receive its purchase on a timely basis. This amount is refundable and bears no interest. As of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, advance to suppliers consist of the following:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Advance to suppliers | $ | 2,198,863 | * | $ | 2,477,226 | * | ||
| Less: allowance for doubtful accounts | (1,024,063 | )* | (526,974 | )* | ||||
| Advance to suppliers, net | $ | 1,174,800 | $ | 1,950,252 | ||||
| * |
For the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, none of the advances to suppliers were written off against previous allowance for non-refundable advances, respectively. |
Note 10 – INVENTORY
Inventory consisted of finished goods, valued at $12,247,004 and $13,955,202 as of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. The Company constantly monitors its potential obsolete products and is allowed to return products close to their expiration date to its suppliers. Any loss on damaged items is immaterial and will be recognized immediately. As a result, no reserves were made for inventory as of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019.
Note 11 – FARMLAND ASSETS
Farmland assets consist of ginkgo trees planted in 2012 and expected to be harvested and sold in several years. As of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, farmland assets are valued as follows:
| March 31, | March 31, | |||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Farmland assets | $ | 2,177,606 | $ | 2,341,537 | ||||
| Less: Impairment* | (1,435,259 | ) | (1,516,278 | ) | ||||
| Farmland assets, net | $ | 742,347 | $ | 825,259 | ||||
| * | As of March 31, 2018, the book value of the Ginkgo trees planted in Qianhong Agriculture’s farmland, including their cultivation cost and land lease amortization expense, is approximately $2,416,839. Based on an independent appraisal report, the value of the Ginkgo trees is approximately $796,286. As a result, the Company recorded an agricultural inventory impairment of $1,620,553 as of March 31, 2018. There are no leasehold impairment expense in fiscal 2019 and 2020. |
F-22
Note 12 – LONG TERM DEPOSITS, LANDLORDS
As of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, long term deposits amounted to $1,456,384 and $2,157,275, respectively. Long term deposits are sums deposited with, or advanced to, landlords for the purpose of securing retail store leases that the Company does not anticipate applying or being returned within the next twelve months. Most of the Company’s landlords require a minimum payment of nine months’ rent, paid up front, plus additional deposits.
Note 13 – OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS
Other noncurrent assets consisted of the following:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Forest land use rights* | $ | 994,558 | $ | 1,103,235 | ||||
| Others | 52,205 | 92,962 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 1,046,763 | $ | 1,196,197 | ||||
| * | The prepayment for lease of forest land use rights is made to a local government in connection with an operating land lease agreement. The land is currently used to cultivate Ginkgo trees. The forest rights certificate from the local village extends the life of the lease to January 31, 2060. |
The amortization of the prepayment for the lease of land use right was approximately $26,975 and $28,071 for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The Company’s amortizations of the prepayment for lease of land use right for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:
| Years ending March 31, | Amount | |||
| 2020 | $ | 26,975 | ||
| 2021 | 26,975 | |||
| 2022 | 26,975 | |||
| 2023 | 26,975 | |||
| 2024 | 26,975 | |||
| Thereafter | 859,683 | |||
Note 14 – Leases
The Company leases most of its retail stores and corporate offices under operating leases, typically with initial terms of 3 to 10 years. Usually within one to three months prior to the expiration date of a lease, the Company is required to notify the lessor and has a priority to continue renting the lease property if a lessor intends to lease property. The lease itself does not have restriction or covenants. If both parties agree to continue, a new lease contract with new lease terms has to been signed by both parties. Usually the rent may increase year by year based on the lease contract. Sublease is typically not allowed. Any damage, if made by the lessee, to the property and equipment within the property has to been fixed or reimbursed by the lessee. The Company does not have any leases entered into but which have not yet commenced. The net lease cost for the year ended March 31, 2020 is $5,471,063. The Company does not have finance lease according to the definition of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the year ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ||||
| Operating cash flows paid for operating leases | $ | 5,471,063 | ||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: | ||||
| Operating leases | - | |||
F-23
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of March 31, 2020 is as follows:
| Operating leases: | ||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 21,711,376 | ||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | $ | 981,090 | ||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 19,049,575 | |||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 20,030,665 | ||
| Weighted average remaining lease term | ||||
| Operating leases | 3.00 | |||
| Weighted average discount rate | ||||
| Operating leases | 4.19 | % | ||
The following table summarizes the maturity of lease liabilities under operating leases as of March 31, 2020:
| Operating | ||||
| For the year ending March 31, | Leases | |||
| 2020 | $ | 1,023,767 | ||
| 2021 | 6,687,126 | |||
| 2022 | 5,292,371 | |||
| 2023 | 3,748,801 | |||
| 2024 | 2,531,061 | |||
| Thereafter | 3,209,053 | |||
| Total lease payments | 22,492,179 | |||
| Less: imputed interest | (2,461,514 | ) | ||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | 20,030,665 | ||
Note 15 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Net intangible assets consisted of the following at:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| License (1) | $ | 2,220,512 | $ | 1,909,700 | ||||
| Software(2) | 1,083,024 | 676,336 | ||||||
| Land use rights (3) | 1,375,095 | 1,452,718 | ||||||
| Total intangible assets | 4,678,631 | 4,038,754 | ||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization | (667,633 | ) | (441,431 | ) | ||||
| Less: impairment(4) | (617,038 | ) | - | |||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | 3,393,960 | $ | 3,597,323 | ||||
Amortization expense of intangibles amounted to $254,303 and $228,046 for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
| (1) | This represents the fair value of the licenses of insurance applicable drugstores acquired from a variety of drugstores such as Sanhao Pharmacy and several local stores. The licenses allow patients to pay by using insurance cards at stores. The stores are reimbursed from the Human Resource and Social Security Department of Hangzhou City. In 2014, the Company acquired Sanhao Pharmacy, a drugstore chain. In September 2017, the Company acquired several new stores for the purpose of the Municipal Social Medical Reimbursement Qualification Certificates. On January 9, 2020, the Company acquired a local drugstore chain. The acquired drugstores ceased their stores’ business and liquidate all of the stores’ accounts after Jiuzhou Pharmacy acquired them. In March 2020, the drugstore chain has dissolved and its certificates were transferred to new stores opened at the same time. |
| (2) | They are primarily the SAP ERP system, the Internet Clinic Diagnosis Terminal system and the Chronic Disease Management system. In 2017, we have installed a leading ERP system, SAP from Germany. SAP is a well-known management system used by many fortune 500 companies. It is being amortized over three years since its installation. In 2020, we have installed a internet Clinic Diagnosis System used to strengthen our ability to perform online diagnosis which may increase more customer spending and a Chronic Disease Management System used to better manage and monitor our members’ health. As of March 31, 2020, the SAP system has a net value of $228,133 (RMB1,617,816),the internet Clinic Diagnosis System has a net value of approximately $379,143 (RMB 2,688,709), the Chronic Disease Management System has a net value of approximately $16,411 (RMB116,379) . |
F-24
| (3) | In July 2013, the Company purchased the land use rights of a plot of land in Lin’an, Hangzhou, intended for the establishment of an herb processing plant in the future. However, as the Company’s farming business in Lin’an has not grown, the Company does not expect completion of the plant in the near future. |
| (4) | In the year ended March 31, 2020, the company evaluated the licenses of insurance applicable drugstores acquired in the past based on the discounted positive cash value. Due to the stricter government insurance policy in fiscal year 2021, the value of these licenses has declined. As a result, the company recorded an impairment. |
Note 16 – NOTES PAYABLE
The Company has credit facilities with Hangzhou United Bank (“HUB”), Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank (“ZTCB”), Bank of Hangzhou (“BOH”), and China Merchant Bank (“CMB”) that provided working capital in the form of the following bank acceptance notes at March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019:
| Origination | Maturity | March 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||
| Beneficiary | Endorser | date | date | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 11/06/18 | 05/06/19 | - | 500,857 | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 12/12/18 | 06/12/19 | - | 2,236,559 | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 12/20/18 | 06/20/19 | - | 1,072,606 | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 12/29/18 | 06/29/19 | - | 5,504,943 | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 02/14/18 | 08/14/19 | - | 2,587,331 | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 03/06/18 | 09/06/19 | - | 6,600,727 | |||||||||
| Jiuxin Medicine(1) | HUB | 10/11/18 | 04/11/19 | - | 4,461,531 | |||||||||
| Jiuxin Medicine(1) | HUB | 11/06/18 | 05/06/19 | - | 2,987,119 | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 10/09/19 | 04/09/20 | 3,478,259 | ||||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 11/06/19 | 05/06/20 | 164,582 | ||||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 12/05/19 | 06/05/20 | 3,106,474 | - | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 12/31/19 | 06/30/20 | 2,289,308 | - | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 01/06/20 | 07/06/20 | 129,457 | - | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 02/19/20 | 08/19/20 | 5,105,096 | - | |||||||||
| Jiuzhou Pharmacy(1) | HUB | 03/10/20 | 09/10/20 | 5,324,871 | - | |||||||||
| Jiuxin Medicine(1) | HUB | 12/26/19 | 06/26/20 | 1,371,992 | - | |||||||||
| Jiuxin Medicine(1) | HUB | 12/31/19 | 06/30/20 | 3,943,776 | - | |||||||||
| Jiuxin Medicine(1) | HUB | 03/31/20 | 09/30/20 | 1,692,156 | - | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 26,605,971 | $ | 25,951,673 | ||||||||||
| (1) | As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $25,951,673 (RMB 174,203,868) of notes payable from HUB. The Company is required to hold restricted cash in the amount of $15,114,740 (RMB 101,459,590) with HUB as collateral against these bank notes. Included in the restricted cash is a total of $10,446,381 three-year deposit (RMB 70,122,647) deposited into HUB as a collateral for current and future notes payable from HUB.. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $26,605,971 (RMB 188,677,437) of notes payable from HUB. The Company is required to hold restricted cash in the amount of $14,596,179 (RMB 103,509,456) with HUB as collateral against these bank notes. Included in the restricted cash is a total of $8,763,958 three-year deposit (RMB 62,150,000) deposited into HUB as a collateral for current and future notes payable from HUB. |
As of March 31, 2020, the Company had a credit line of approximately $12.55 million in the aggregate from HUB. By putting up a three-year deposit of $8.76 million and the restricted cash of $5.83 million deposited in the banks, the total credit line was $27.14 million. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $26.61 million of bank notes payable and approximately $0.53 million bank credit line was still available for further borrowing. The bank notes are secured by three shops of Jiuzhou Pharmacy and guaranteed by the Company’s major shareholders.
F-25
Note 17 – Loan Payable
On August 2, 2019 and December 11, 2019, the Company borrowed $717,810 and $6,460,290 from Haihui Commercial, respectively. After deducting processing fee and deposits which are refundable at the end of loan period, the Company received $617,317 and $5,878,864 respectively. The Company is required to pledge accounts receivable of three drugstores to Haihui Commercial. As of March 31, 2020, the remaining loan balance is $6,403,700. The Company is scheduled to make monthly repayments, among which $2,287,742 is due within a year. The Company has an option to pay off the debts earlier than the repayment schedule upon approval from Haihui Commercial.
Note 18 – TAXES
Income tax
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, operating losses and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred income tax assets for amounts which are not considered “more likely than not” to be realized.
The Company is subject to income taxes on an entity basis on income arising in or derived from the tax jurisdiction in which each entity is domiciled.
| Entity | Income Tax Jurisdiction | |
| Jo-Jo Drugstores | United States | |
| Renovation | Hong Kong, PRC | |
| All other entities | Mainland, PRC |
For the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the components of income tax expense consist of the following:
| For the year ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Current: | ||||||||
| Federal | - | - | ||||||
| State | - | - | ||||||
| Foreign | 16,258 | 134,763 | ||||||
| 16,258 | 134,763 | |||||||
| Deferred: | ||||||||
| Federal | - | - | ||||||
| State | - | - | ||||||
| Foreign | - | - | ||||||
| - | - | |||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 16,258 | 134,763 | ||||||
A reconciliation of the income tax provision at the federal statutory rate and the effective rate is as follows:
| For the year | ||||||||
| Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| U.S. Statutory rates | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | ||||
| Foreign income not recognized in the U.S. | (21.0 | ) | (21.0 | ) | ||||
| China income taxes | 25.0 | 25.0 | ||||||
| Change in valuation allowance (1) | (25.0 | ) | (25.0 | ) | ||||
| Non-deductible expenses-permanent difference (2) | (0.3 | ) | (11.4 | ) | ||||
| Effective tax rate | (0.3 | )% | (11.4 | )% | ||||
| (1) | Represents a non-taxable expense reversal due to overall decrease in allowance for accounts receivable and advances to suppliers. |
| (2) | The (0.3)% and (11.4)% rate adjustments for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 represent expenses that primarily include stock option expenses and other expenses incurred by the Company that are not deductible for PRC income tax. |
F-26
The components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows:
| As of 3/31/2020 | As of 3/31/2019 | |||||||
| Allowance | 948,951 | 986,665 | ||||||
| Long-lived assets impairment | 709,230 | 586,298 | ||||||
| Accrued expense | 1,443,191 | 1,569,683 | ||||||
| Net operating loss carry forward | 1,157,900 | 1,164,735 | ||||||
| Foreign Tax Credit Carryover | 195,000 | 195,000 | ||||||
| Total deferred tax assets (liabilities): | 4,454,272 | 4,502,381 | ||||||
| Valuation allowance | (4,454,272 | ) | (4,502,381 | ) | ||||
| Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | - | - | ||||||
The Company regularly assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We weigh all available positive and negative evidence, including earnings history and results of recent operations, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Assumptions used to forecast future taxable income often require significant judgment. More weight is given to objectively verifiable evidence. In the event we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, a valuation allowance will be established against deferred tax assets in the period in which we make such determination. The need to establish a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets may cause greater volatility in our effective tax rate.
As of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, the estimated net operating loss carry forwards for U.S. income tax purposes amounted to $816,908, which may be available to reduce future years’ taxable income. These carry forwards will expire if not utilized by 2032. In addition, the Company carries a foreign tax credit of $195,000. As of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, the estimated net operating loss carry forwards for Hong Kong income tax purposes amounted to $2,248,203 and $1,960,933, which may be available to reduce future years’ taxable income. As of March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, the estimated net operating loss carry forwards for China income tax purposes amounted to $2,461,582 and $2,678,523, which may be available to reduce future years’ taxable income. These carry forwards will expire if not utilized in the next five years.
The Company recorded net unrecognized tax benefits of $0.0 million as of March 31, 2020. It is our policy to classify accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes.
Audit periods remain open for review until the statute of limitations has passed, which in the PRC is usually 5 years as the Company’s most significant tax jurisdiction. The completion of review or the expiration of the statute of limitations for a given audit period could result in an adjustment to the Company’s liability for income taxes. Any such adjustment could be material to the Company’s results of operations for any given quarterly or annual period based, in part, upon the results of operations for the given period.
F-27
Note 19 – POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
Regulations in the PRC require the Company to contribute to a defined contribution retirement plan for all permanent employees. The contribution for each employee is based on a percentage of the employee’s current compensation as required by the local government. The Company contributed $1,341,167 and $1,423,449 in employment benefits and pension for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Note 20 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS
Amounts payable to related parties are summarized as follows:
| March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Due to a director and CEO (1) : | 490,218 | 795,179 | ||||||
| (1) | Due to foreign exchange restrictions, the Company’s director and CEO, Mr. Lei Liu personally lent U.S. dollars to the Company to facilitate its payments of expenses in the United States. |
The Company leases a retail space from Mr. Lei Liu. The lease expires in September 2020. Rent expenses totaled $26,582 and $27,605 for the twelve months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The amounts owed under the lease for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were not paid to Mr. Liu as of March 31, 2019.
On April 28, 2018, 10% of Jiuxin Medicine was sold to Hangzhou Kangzhou Biotech Co. Ltd. for a total proceeds of approximately $75,643 (RMB507, 760). Mr. Lei Liu owns 51% of Hangzhou Kangzhou Biotech Co. Ltd.
Note 21 – WARRANTS
In connection with the registered direct offering closed on July 19, 2015, the Company issued to an investor a warrant to purchase up to 600,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.10 per share. The warrant became exercisable on January 19, 2016 and will expire on January 18, 2021. In connection with the offering, the Company also issued a warrant to its placement agent of this offering, pursuant to which the agent may purchase up to 6% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, i.e. 72,000 shares. Such warrant has the same terms as the warrant issued to investor in the offering.
The fair value of the warrants issued to purchase 672,000 shares as described above was estimated by using the binominal pricing model with the following assumptions:
| Common Stock Warrants | Common Stock Warrants | |||||||
| March 31, 2020(1) | March 31, 2019 | |||||||
| Stock price | $ | 1.77 | $ | 2.62 | ||||
| Exercise price | $ | 3.10 | $ | 3.10 | ||||
| Annual dividend yield | - | % | - | % | ||||
| Expected term (years) | 0.81 | 1.80 | ||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.71 | % | 2.27 | % | ||||
| Expected volatility | 62.08 | % | 67.69 | % | ||||
| (1) | As of March 31, 2020, the warrants had not been exercised. |
Upon evaluation, the warrants meet the definition of a derivative under FASB ASC 815, as the Company cannot avoid a net cash settlement under certain circumstances. Accordingly, the fair value of the warrants was classified as a liability of $465,248 as of March 31, 2019. For the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized a gain of $401,158 for the investor warrant and placement agent warrant, from the change in fair value of the warrant liability, respectively. As a result, the warrant liability is carried on the consolidated balance sheets at the fair value of $64,090 for the investor warrant and placement agent warrant, collectively, as of March 31, 2020.
F-28
Note 22 – Employee Deposits
To encourage operating team, which consists of doctors and nurses, to devote their efforts to run clinics, Linjia Medical allows them to put deposits in the clinic where doctors and nurses work, and take shares in any profit of the clinic. The principal amounts of these deposits are refundable in the event the doctors and nurses leave the clinic. In order to properly reflect Linjia Medical’s liabilities, the Company reclassified the deposit of $70,507 (RMB500,000) as financial liability as of March 31, 2020.
Note 23 – STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY
Common stock
On January 23, 2017, the Company closed a private offering with one institutional investor (the “Investor”) pursuant to which the Company sold to the Investor, and the Investor purchased from the Company, an aggregate of 4,840,000 shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company, at a purchase price of $2.20 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $10,648,000 (the “Private Placement”).
Stock warrants
Concurrent with the registered direct offering of common stock that closed on April 15, 2019, the Company issued to several investors in a private placement warrants to purchase up to 3,000,006 shares ofcommon stock. In connection with the offering, the Company also issued a warrant to its placement agent of this offering, pursuant to which the agent may purchase up to 6% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, i.e. 240,000 shares at an exercise price of $3.125 per share. The warrant became exercisable on October 11, 2019 and willexpire on April 11, 2024.
Upon evaluation, the warrants issued in April 2019 meet the definition of an equity under FASBASC 815. Accordingly, the fair value of the warrants recorded as a part of additional paid-in capital.
Stock-based compensation
The Company accounts for share-based payment awards granted to employees and directors by recording compensation expense based on estimated fair values. The Company estimates the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Share-based awards are attributed to expenses using the straight-line method over the vesting period. The Company determines the value of each option award that contains a market condition using a Monte Carlo Simulation valuation model, while all other option awards are valued using the Black-Scholes valuation model as permitted under FASB ASC 718 “Compensation - Stock Compensation.” The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent the Company’s best estimates. The Company’s estimates of the fair values of stock options granted and the resulting amounts of share-based compensation recognized may be impacted by certain variables including stock price volatility, employee stock option exercise behaviors, additional stock option modifications, estimates of forfeitures, and the related income tax impact.
On March 30, 2018, the Company granted a total of 3,947,100 shares of restricted common stock to its key employees in its retail drugstores and online pharmacy under the Company’s 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”). The stock awards vested on the grant date. On June 28, 2018, the compensation committee of the Company canceled 225,000 shares granted to the CEO in order to conform aggregate issuances to the 675,000 share limitation set forth in the Plan. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 removed the 162(m) qualified performance based compensation exemption to the $1 million cap on deductions for compensation to covered executives. Section 1.3.2 was in the Plan to permit grants under the Plan to fit within that exemption. As that exemption no longer applies for grants made in 2018 or thereafter, the Plan has been amended to remove the provisions intended to comply with that exemption, including the one in Section 1.3.2 of the Plan. All $5,328,585 of such expense has been recorded as a service compensation expense in the year ended March 31, 2018.
Stock option
On November 18, 2014, the Company granted a total of 967,000 shares of stock options under the Plan to a group of a total of 46 grantees including directors, officers and employees. The exercise price of the stock option is $2.50. The option vests on November 18, 2017, provided that the grantees are still employed by the Company on such a date. The options will be exercisable for five years from the vesting date, or November 18, 2017 until November 17, 2022. For the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $0 and $0 were recorded as compensation expenses. As of March 31, 2020, all compensation costs related to stock option compensation arrangements granted have been recognized.
F-29
Statutory reserves
Statutory reserves represent restricted retained earnings. Based on their legal formation, the Company is required to set aside 10% of its net income as reported in their statutory accounts on an annual basis to the Statutory Surplus Reserve Fund (the “Reserve Fund”). Once the total amount set aside in the Reserve Fund reaches 50% of the entity’s registered capital, further appropriations become discretionary. The Reserve Fund can be used to increase the entity’s registered capital upon approval by relevant government authorities or eliminate its future losses under PRC GAAP upon a resolution by its board of directors. The Reserve Fund is not distributable to shareholders, as cash dividends or otherwise, except in the event of liquidation.
Appropriations to the Reserve Fund are accounted for as a transfer from unrestricted earnings to statutory reserves. During the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not make appropriations to statutory reserves.
There are no legal requirements in the PRC to fund the Reserve Fund by transfer of cash to any restricted accounts, and the Company does not do so.
Note 24 – LOSS PER SHARE
The Company reports earnings per share in accordance with the provisions of the FASB’s related accounting standard. This standard requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share in conjunction with the disclosure of the methodology used in computing such earnings per share. Basic earnings per share excludes dilution, but includes vested restricted stocks and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted into common stock.
The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per share computation:
| The year ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Net income attributable to controlling interest | $ | (5,813,369 | ) | $ | (926,278 | ) | ||
| Weighted average shares used in basic computation | 32,816,567 | 28,936,778 | ||||||
| Diluted effect of stock options and warrants | ||||||||
| Weighted average shares used in diluted computation | 32,816,567 | 28,936,778 | ||||||
| Income per share – Basic: | ||||||||
| Net income before noncontrolling interest | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
| Add: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Net income attributable to controlling interest | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
| Loss per share – Diluted: | ||||||||
| Net income before noncontrolling interest | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
| Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Net income attributable to controlling interest | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | ||
For the year ended March 31, 2020, 967,000 shares underlying employee stock options and 600,000 shares underlying outstanding purchase options to an investor, and 72,000 shares underlying outstanding purchase option to an investment placement agent were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share as the options were anti-dilutive.
Note 25 – SEGMENTS
The Company operates within four main reportable segments: retail drugstores, online pharmacy, drug wholesale and herb farming. The retail drugstores segment sells prescription and over-the-counter (“OTC”) medicines, TCM, dietary supplements, medical devices, and sundry items to retail customers. The online pharmacy sells OTC drugs, dietary supplements, medical devices and sundry items to customers through several third-party platforms such as Alibaba’s Tmall, JD.com and Amazon.com, and the Company’s own platform all over China. The drug wholesale segment includes supplying the Company’s own retail drugstores with prescription and OTC medicines, TCM, dietary supplement, medical devices and sundry items (which sales have been eliminated as intercompany transactions), and also selling them to other drug vendors and hospitals. The Company’s herb farming segment cultivates selected herbs for sales to other drug vendors. The Company is also involved in online sales and clinic services that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments and are included in the retail drugstores segment. The segments’ accounting policies are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates performance based on profit or loss from operations before interest and income taxes not including nonrecurring gains and losses.
The Company’s reportable business segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. Each segment is managed separately because they require different operations and markets to distinct classes of customers.
F-30
The following table presents summarized information by segment of the continuing operations for the year ended March 31, 2020:
| Retail drugstores | Online Pharmacy | Drug wholesale | Herb farming |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 74,081,237 | $ | 13,541,215 | $ | 29,705,237 | $ | - | $ | 117,327,689 | ||||||||||
| Cost of goods | 53,244,302 | 12,106,510 | 26,450,447 | - | 91,801,259 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 20,836,935 | $ | 1,434,705 | $ | 3,254,790 | $ | - | $ | 25,526,430 | ||||||||||
| Selling expenses | 19,434,860 | 2,148,709 | 2,210,034 | - | 23,793,603 | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 5,505,303 | 243,283 | 2,359,791 | 8,108,377 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | 628,192 | - | - | 628,192 | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | $ | (4,731,420 | ) | $ | (957,287 | ) | $ | (1,315,035 | ) | $ | $ | (7,003,742 | ) | |||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 2,042,951 | $ | - | $ | 39,866 | $ | - | $ | 2,082,817 | ||||||||||
| Total capital expenditures | $ | 1,406,470 | $ | - | $ | 3,176 | $ | - | $ | 1,409,646 | ||||||||||
The following table presents summarized information by segment of the continuing operations for the year ended March 31, 2019:
| Retail drugstores | Online Pharmacy | Drug wholesale | Herb farming | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 72,334,409 | $ | 8,784,459 | $ | 26,432,144 | $ | - | $ | 107,551,012 | ||||||||||
| Cost of goods | 51,246,983 | 7,748,519 | 23,447,467 | - | 82,442,969 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 21,087,426 | $ | 1,035,940 | $ | 2,984,677 | $ | - | $ | 25,108,043 | ||||||||||
| Selling expenses | 18,930,118 | 1,735,966 | 3,599,100 | - | 24,265,184 | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 4,072,500 | 347,516 | (2,701,027 | ) | 1,718,989 | |||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | $ | (1,915,192 | ) | $ | (1,047,542 | ) | $ | 2,086,604 | $ | $ | (876,130 | ) | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 1,476,903 | $ | - | $ | 7,644 | $ | - | $ | 1,484,547 | ||||||||||
| Total capital expenditures | $ | 7,267,847 | $ | - | $ | 1,434 | $ | - | $ | 7,269,281 | ||||||||||
F-31
The Company does not have long-lived assets located outside the PRC. In accordance with the enterprise-wide disclosure requirements of FASB’s accounting standard, the Company’s net revenue from external customers through its retail drugstores by main product category for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
| For the year ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Prescription drugs | $ | 26,045,423 | $ | 23,516,046 | ||||
| OTC drugs | 31,532,248 | 31,401,328 | ||||||
| Nutritional supplements | 6,013,622 | 6,354,108 | ||||||
| TCM | 5,325,008 | 6,529,790 | ||||||
| Sundry products | 1,312,293 | 941,491 | ||||||
| Medical devices | 3,852,643 | 3,591,646 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 74,081,237 | $ | 72,334,409 | ||||
The Company’s net revenue from external customers through online pharmacy by main product category is as follows:
| For the year ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Prescription drugs | $ | 1,447,469 | $ | - | ||||
| OTC drugs | 5,721,638 | 3,127,976 | ||||||
| Nutritional supplements | 742,809 | 737,315 | ||||||
| TCM | 266,638 | 74,262 | ||||||
| Sundry products | 2,082,601 | 2,736,070 | ||||||
| Medical devices | 3,280,060 | 2,108,836 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 13,541,215 | $ | 8,784,459 | ||||
The Company’s net revenue from external customers through wholesale by main product category is as follows:
| For the years ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Prescription drugs | $ | 24,857,708 | $ | 16,745,862 | ||||
| OTC drugs | 4,196,841 | 8,964,587 | ||||||
| Nutritional supplements | 205,881 | 290,534 | ||||||
| TCM | 314,769 | 271,280 | ||||||
| Sundry products | 43,854 | 24,846 | ||||||
| Medical devices | 86,184 | 135,035 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 29,705,237 | $ | 26,432,144 | ||||
F-32
Note 26 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On May 29, 2020, an Investor exercised part of its warrants by purchasing 25,000 shares of common stocks at $3.10 per share. Total proceeds to the Company is $77,500.
On June 3, 2020, the Company closed a registered direct offering of 5,000,004 shares of common stock at $2.00 per share with gross proceeds of $10,000,008 from its effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 1, 2020 (the “2020 Securities Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company and the investors named therein. Concurrently, the Company issued unregistered warrants to the investors in a private placement to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,750,003 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.60 per share (the “2020 Warrants”). The 2020 Warrants shall be initially exercisable six months following issuance and expire five and one-half years from the issuance date. H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the “Placement Agent”) (or its designees) shall also receive warrants to purchase such number of shares of common stock as is equal to 6.5% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the offering, or 300,000 warrants, with substantially the same terms as the 2020 Warrants being issued to the investors, except that, among other things, the Placement Agent’s warrants will expire on June 1, 2025 and warrants’ exercise price shall be $2.57.
The recent outbreak of COVID-19, which was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has led to an adverse impacts on the World’s economy. At the outbreak of COVID-19, the company has reduced the store hours, supply and customer service. To stay safe, people tend not to shop and entertain as much as in the past. The retail business such as restaurants, hotels and cinema have declined. The peak is in February 2020. However, as the spread of COVID-19 is effectively controlled in China, the business has come back to normal.
F-33
