Fair Value Measurements — Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures" ("ASC 820") defines fair value as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between open market participants at the measurement date. Additionally, ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

•Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Because valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment. Examples of assets and liabilities utilizing Level 1 inputs include: U.S. Treasury bonds;

•Level 2 — Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or valuations based on models where the significant inputs are observable (e.g. interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severities, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable market data. Examples of assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include: U.S. government-sponsored agency securities; non-U.S. government and supranational obligations; commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS"); collateralized loan obligations ("CLO"); corporate and municipal bonds; and

•Level 3 — Valuations based on models where significant inputs are not observable. The unobservable inputs reflect our own assumptions about assumptions that market participants would use. Examples of assets and liabilities utilizing Level 3 inputs include: an investment in preference shares of a start-up insurance producer.

The availability of observable inputs can vary and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires significantly more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by management in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3.

For investments that have quoted market prices in active markets, the Company uses the quoted market prices as fair value and includes these in the Level 1 hierarchy. The Company receives the quoted market prices from a third party nationally recognized provider ("the Pricing Service"). When quoted market prices are unavailable, the Company utilizes the Pricing Service to determine an estimate of fair value. The fair value estimates are included in the Level 2 hierarchy. The Company will challenge any prices for its investments which are considered not to be representative of fair value. If quoted market prices and an estimate from the Pricing Service are unavailable, the Company produces an estimate of fair value based on dealer quotations for recent activity in positions with the same or similar characteristics to that being valued. The Company determines whether the fair value estimate is in the Level 2 or Level 3 hierarchy depending on the level of observable inputs available when estimating the fair value. The Company bases its estimates of fair values for assets on the bid price as it represents what a third party market participant would be willing to pay in an orderly transaction.

ASC 825, "Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments", requires all entities to disclose the fair value of their financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to determine the fair value of financial instruments held at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

U.S. government and U.S. agency — Bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury, the Federal Home Loan Bank, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Government National Mortgage Association, Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation. The fair values of U.S. treasury bonds are based on quoted market prices in active markets, and are included in the Level 1 fair value hierarchy. We believe the market for U.S. treasury bonds is an actively traded market given the high level of daily trading volume. The fair values of U.S. agency bonds are determined using the spread above the risk-free yield curve. As the yields for the risk-free yield curve and the spreads for these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of U.S. agency bonds are included in the Level 2 fair value hierarchy.

Non-U.S. government and supranational bonds — These securities are generally priced by independent pricing services. The Pricing Service may use current market trades for securities with similar quality, maturity and coupon. If no such trades are available, the Pricing Service typically uses analytical models which may incorporate spreads, interest rate data and market/sector news. As the significant inputs used to price non-U.S. government and supranational bonds are observable market inputs, the fair values of non-U.S. government and supranational bonds are included in the Level 2 fair value hierarchy.

Asset-backed securities — These securities comprise CMBS and CLO originated by a variety of financial institutions that on acquisition are rated BBB-/Baa3 or higher. These securities are priced by independent pricing services and brokers. The pricing provider applies dealer quotes and other available trade information, prepayment speeds, yield curves and credit spreads to the valuation. As the significant inputs used to price the CMBS and CLO are observable market inputs, the fair value of the CMBS and CLO securities are included in the Level 2 fair value hierarchy.

Corporate and municipal bonds — Bonds issued by corporations, U.S. state and municipality entities or agencies that on acquisition are rated BBB-/Baa3 or higher. These securities are generally priced by independent pricing services. The credit spreads are sourced from broker/dealers, trade prices and the new issue market. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, custodian pricing or non-binding quotes are obtained from broker-dealers to estimate fair values. As the significant inputs used to price corporate and municipal bonds are observable market inputs, the fair values are included in the Level 2 fair value hierarchy.

Other investments — Includes unquoted investments comprised of investments in limited partnerships, hedge funds and other investments which includes investments in special purpose vehicles focused on lending activities as well as investments in start-up insurance entities. The fair values of the limited partnerships and hedge funds are determined by the fund manager based on recent filings, operating results, balance sheet stability, growth and other business and market sector fundamentals. The fair value of these investments are measured using the NAV practical expedient and therefore have not been categorized within the fair value hierarchy. If there is a reporting lag between the current period end and reporting date of the latest available fund valuation, fair values are estimated by starting with the most recently available valuation and adjusting for return estimates as well as any subscriptions and distributions that took place during the current period.

The investments made by SPVs focused on lending activities are carried at cost less impairment, if any, with any indication of impairment recognized in income when determined. As these investments are carried at cost, they are not included in the fair value hierarchy below. The fair value of the start-up insurance entities are determined using recent private market transactions and as such, the fair value of these investments are included in the Level 3 fair value hierarchy.

Cash and cash equivalents (including restricted amounts), accrued investment income, reinsurance balances receivable, and certain other assets and liabilities — The carrying values reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these financial instruments approximate their fair value due to their short term nature and are classified within the Level 2 fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s estimates of fair value for financial assets and financial liabilities are based on the framework established in ASC 820. The framework is based on the inputs used in valuation and gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and requires that observable inputs be used in the valuations when available. The disclosure of fair value estimates in the ASC 820 hierarchy is based on whether the significant inputs into the valuation are observable. In determining the level of the hierarchy in which the estimate is disclosed, the highest priority is given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s significant market assumptions.


September 30, 2020	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value Based on NAV Practical Expedient			Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities
U.S. treasury bonds	$	101,127		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	101,127
U.S. agency bonds – mortgage-backed	—			350,350			—			—			350,350

Non-U.S. government and supranational bonds	—			9,222			—			—			9,222
Asset-backed securities	—			184,990			—			—			184,990
Corporate bonds	—			642,278			—			—			642,278

Other investments	—			—			2,800			39,226			42,026
Total	$	101,127		$	1,186,840		$	2,800		$	39,226		$	1,329,993
As a percentage of total assets	3.3		%	38.8		%	0.1		%	1.3		%	43.5		%


December 31, 2019	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)			Fair Value Based on NAV Practical Expedient			Total Fair Value
Fixed maturities
U.S. treasury bonds	$	95,625		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	95,625
U.S. agency bonds – mortgage-backed	—			538,722			—			—			538,722

Non-U.S. government and supranational bonds	—			11,999			—			—			11,999
Asset-backed securities	—			188,170			—			—			188,170
Corporate bonds	—			996,856			—			—			996,856
Municipal bonds	—			4,146			—			—			4,146
Other investments	—			—			1,800			3,077			4,877
Total	$	95,625		$	1,739,893		$	1,800		$	3,077		$	1,840,395
As a percentage of total assets	2.7		%	48.8		%	0.1		%	0.1		%	51.7		%

The Company utilizes the Pricing Service to assist in determining the fair value of its investments; however, management is ultimately responsible for all fair values presented in the Company’s financial statements. This includes responsibility for monitoring the fair value process, ensuring objective and reliable valuation practices and pricing of assets and liabilities and pricing sources. The Company analyzes and reviews the information and prices received from the Pricing Service to ensure that the prices represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value.

The Pricing Service was utilized to estimate fair value measurements for 99.5% and 99.7% of our fixed maturities at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Pricing Service utilizes market quotations for fixed maturity securities that have quoted market prices in active markets. Because fixed maturities other than U.S. treasury bonds generally do not trade actively on a daily basis, the Pricing Service prepares estimates of fair value measurements using relevant market data, benchmark curves, sector groupings and matrix pricing and these have been classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively, of the Level 2 fixed maturities are valued using the market approach. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, one security or $6,172 and $5,481, respectively, of Level 2 fixed maturities, was priced using a quotation from a broker and/or custodian as opposed to the Pricing Service due to lack of information available. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company has not adjusted any pricing provided to it based on the review performed by its investment managers.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company transferred its investment in special purpose vehicles focused on lending activities out of Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy due to a change in accounting policy to report these investments at cost less any impairment instead of fair market value. There were no other transfers to or from Level 3 during the periods represented by these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

At September 30, 2020, the Company has other investments of $2,800 (December 31, 2019 - $1,800) which includes investments in start-up insurance entities. Due to significant unobservable inputs in these valuations, the Company classifies the fair value estimate of these other investments as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Financial Assets
Other investments in SPV related to lending activities	$	33,338	$	42,452	$	26,871	$	42,156

Financial Liabilities
Senior Notes - MHLA – 6.625%	$	110,000	$	87,340	$	110,000	$	86,460
Senior Notes - MHNC – 7.75%	152,500		134,444		152,500		137,067
Total financial liabilities	$	262,500	$	221,784	$	262,500	$	223,527