10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM             TO

Commission file number: 001-38613

Bionano Genomics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	26-1756290
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9640 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA	92121
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(858) 888-7600

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☐ No  ☒   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and ‘‘emerging growth company’’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  ☐ Yes  ☒ No

As of November 2, 2018, the registrant had 10,032,687shares of Common Stock ($0.0001 par value) outstanding.

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
	Item 1. Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Deficit	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7
	Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	32
	Item 4. Controls and Procedures	32
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		34
	Item 1. Legal Proceedings	34
	Item 1A. Risk Factors	34
	Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
	Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	34
	Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	34
	Item 5. Other Information	34
	Item 6. Exhibits	35
SIGNATURES		37

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	20,657,038	$	1,021,897
Accounts receivable, net		4,000,924		3,352,214
Inventory		2,614,812		1,693,742
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,347,774		1,071,512
Total current assets		28,620,548		7,139,365
Property and equipment, net		2,049,256		3,005,788
Total assets	$	30,669,804	$	10,145,153
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,363,752	$	2,302,964
Accrued expenses		2,815,290		3,508,894
Deferred revenue		335,604		211,697
Preferred stock warrant liability		-		3,898,944
Current portion of long-term debt		-		6,729,752
Total current liabilities		5,514,646		16,652,251
Long-term debt, net of current portion		9,008,337		-
Long-term deferred revenue		144,602		142,929
Other non-current liabilities		767,197		567,047
Total liabilities		15,434,782		17,362,227
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares and 418,767 shares authorized    as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; no shares and 345,587    shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		-		61,847
Series B convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares and 8,101,042 shares authorized    as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; no shares and 8,058,170    shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		-		842,845
Series B-1 convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares and 7,523,734 shares authorized    as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; no shares and 3,437,950 shares    issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		-		359,593
Series C convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares and 23,357,047 shares authorized    as of September, 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; no shares and 23,357,047 shares    issues and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		-		5,547,841
Series D convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares and 52,835,720 shares authorized    as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; no shares and 20,652,486 shares    issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		-		4,838,379

3

Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares and 125,808,667 shares    authorized as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; no shares and    66,141,257 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017,    respectively		-			31,359,632
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017		-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 and 243,160,120 shares authorized at    September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; 10,032,687 and 77,257 shares issued and    outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		1,002			8
Additional paid-in capital		81,584,992			4,038,817
Accumulated deficit		(66,350,972	)		(54,266,036	)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		15,235,022			(50,227,211	)
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	$	30,669,804		$	10,145,153

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

4

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues:
Product revenue	$	2,700,162		$	2,604,215		$	7,618,407		$	6,213,496
Other revenue		128,542			138,841			368,791			446,424
Total revenue		2,828,704			2,743,056			7,987,198			6,659,920
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue		3,064,661			1,643,504			5,708,704			4,462,365
Cost of other revenue		3,671			46,719			14,507			71,975
Total cost of revenue		3,068,332			1,690,223			5,723,211			4,534,340
Operating expense:
Research and development		2,505,137			2,967,073			6,962,696			9,551,687
Selling, general and administrative		3,224,075			3,116,922			9,617,814			10,553,348
Total operating expense		5,729,212			6,083,995			16,580,510			20,105,035
Loss from operations		(5,968,840	)		(5,031,162	)		(14,316,523	)		(17,979,455	)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(404,437	)		(145,308	)		(1,114,053	)		(431,403	)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and    expirations		1,520,159			154,469			3,991,081			1,108,362
Other expense		(75,957	)		(68,189	)		(639,137	)		(125,324	)
Total other income (expense)		1,039,765			(59,028	)		2,237,891			551,635
Loss before income taxes		(4,929,075	)		(5,090,190	)		(12,078,632	)		(17,427,820	)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes		2,978			4,738			(6,304	)		(17,620	)
Net loss	$	(4,926,097	)	$	(5,085,452	)	$	(12,084,936	)	$	(17,445,440	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.63	)	$	(1.74	)	$	(1.99	)	$	(6.68	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic    and diluted		7,778,605			2,920,839			6,079,285			2,609,863

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

	Series A						Series B						Series B-1						Series C						Series D						Series D-1										Additional					Total
	Convertible Preferred Stock						Convertible Preferred Stock						Convertible Preferred Stock						Convertible Preferred Stock						Convertible Preferred Stock						Convertible Preferred Stock						Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Stockholders'
	Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Deficit
Balance at    January 1,    2017		345,587		$	61,847			8,058,170		$	842,845			3,437,950		$	359,593			23,357,047		$	5,547,841			20,652,486		$	4,838,379			29,166,671		$	13,766,022			70,178	$	7	$	3,641,693	$	(30,900,672	)	$	(27,258,972	)
Issuance of    Series D-1    convertible    preferred    stock, net    of issuance    cost of    $154,191		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			36,974,586			17,593,610			-		-		-		-			-
Stock option    exercises		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			7,079		1		14,294		-			14,295
Stock-based    compensation    expense		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-		-		382,830		-			382,830
Net loss		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-		-		-		(23,365,364	)		(23,365,364	)
Balance at    December 31,    2017		345,587		$	61,847			8,058,170		$	842,845			3,437,950		$	359,593			23,357,047		$	5,547,841			20,652,486		$	4,838,379			66,141,257		$	31,359,632			77,257	$	8	$	4,038,817	$	(54,266,036	)	$	(50,227,211	)
Stock option    exercises		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			1,856		-		3,499		-			3,499
IPO Units		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			3,864,000		386		19,389,592		-			19,389,978
Conversion of    preferred    stock upon IPO		(345,587	)		(61,847	)		(8,058,170	)		(842,845	)		(3,437,950	)		(359,593	)		(23,357,047	)		(5,547,841	)		(20,652,486	)		(4,838,379	)		(66,141,257	)		(31,359,632	)		2,850,280		285		43,009,852		-			43,010,137
Conversion of    convertible    note upon IPO		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			3,239,294		323		14,898,004		-			14,898,327
Conversion of    preferred stock    warrants into    common    stock warrants		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-		-		84,676		-			84,676
Stock-based    compensation    expense		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-		-		160,551		-			160,551
Net loss		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-		-		-		(12,084,936	)		(12,084,936	)
Balance at    September 30,    2018		-		$	-			-		$	-			-		$	-			-		$	-			-		$	-			-		$	-			10,032,687	$	1,002	$	81,584,992	$	(66,350,972	)	$	15,235,022

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(12,084,936	)	$	(17,445,440	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense		1,169,801			964,932
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations		(3,991,081	)		(1,108,362	)
Stock-based compensation		160,551			241,971
Provision for bad debt expense		(262,000	)		-
Inventory write-off		1,287,000			364,437
Accretion of debt discount		121,984			66,241
Loss on debt extinguishment		342,164			-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(386,710	)		(692,637	)
Inventory		(2,101,453	)		(442,849	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(276,263	)		241,032
Accounts payable		60,788			320,184
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		106,476			(518,298	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(15,853,679	)		(18,008,789	)
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(319,885	)		(736,063	)
Net used in investing activities		(319,885	)		(736,063	)
Financing activities:
Repayment of notes payable		(7,447,571	)		-
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of offering costs		9,532,957			-
Proceeds from issuance of convertible note, net of offering costs		14,329,843			-
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock and warrants, net of    offering costs		-			16,131,764
Proceeds from Initial Public Offering, net of offering costs		19,389,978			-
Proceeds from option exercises		3,499			1,500
Net cash provided by financing activities		35,808,706			16,133,264
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		19,635,142			(2,611,589	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		1,021,897			5,249,620
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	20,657,038		$	2,633,904
Supplemental schedule on non-cash transactions:
Conversion of Convertible Note into Common Stock	$	14,898,326			-
Conversion of Preferred Stock warrants into Common Stock and Common Stock Warrants	$	84,676			-
Transfer of instruments to property and equipment from inventory	$	106,617			-
Fair value of warrants issued with debt classified as a liability	$	176,813			-
Final payment fee due in connection with the repayment of debt classified    within other long-term liabilities	$	400,000			-

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

7

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Bionano Genomics, Inc. (the “Company”) formed in January 2003 as BioNanomatrix LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. In August 2007, the Company became BioNanomatrix Inc., a Delaware corporation. In October 2011, the Company changed its name to BioNano Genomics, Inc., and in July 2018, it changed its name to Bionano Genomics, Inc.

The Company is a life sciences instrumentation company in the genome analysis space. The Company currently develops and markets the Saphyr system, a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics.

Initial Public Offering

In August 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”), in which it sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit, which included the sale of 504,000 units pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.   The Company received net cash proceeds of $19.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

In addition, each of the following occurred in connection with the completion of the IPO in August 2018:

• The conversion of all outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock into an aggregate 2,850,280 shares of common stock.

• The automatic adjustment of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants; the entire $84,676 balance of preferred stock warrant liability was reclassified as additional paid-in-capital.  In addition, the Company issued warrants to the IPO underwriters to purchase up to 115,920 shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.4 million.

• The conversion of an aggregate of $14.9 million of outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest into an aggregate of 3,239,294 shares of common stock.

Each unit offered in the IPO consisted of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share common stock. Each warrant to purchase common stock contained in the unit entitled the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $6.125 per share (100% of the offering price per unit), subject to adjustment. The warrants and shares of common stock traded together as units for 30 days following the IPO.  After 30 days of trading, the units automatically separated and the common stock and warrants began trading separately.  

The units, common stock, and warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbols “BNGOU,” “BNGO” and “BNGOW,” respectively.

Reverse Stock Splits

  On July 16, 2018, the Company effected a one-for-21.4 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, and on August 15, 2018, the Company effected an additional one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect these reverse stock splits and adjustments of the preferred stock conversion ratios.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, certain information and

8

note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the Company’s final prospectusdated August 21, 2018 included in its Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report have been prepared on the same basis as the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and statement of convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, presented herein, has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year-ended December 31, 2017.  The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, subtotal categories for cost of revenue and operating expenses have been inserted.

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of each customer’s credit history, financial condition, and other factors. Estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due, and economic and other factors. Bad debt expense is recorded as necessary to maintain an appropriate level of allowance for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expense.

The following table reflects the activity related to the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	4,000,924	$	3,614,214
Provision		—		(262,000	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,000,924	$	3,352,214

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, Ultravision Technology Ltd. represented 16% and 21% and BioStar Company represented 0% and 15%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory includes raw materials and finished goods that may be used in the research and development process and such items are expensed as consumed or expired. Provisions for slow-moving, excess, and obsolete inventories are estimated based on product life cycles, historical experience, and usage forecasts.

The components of inventories are as follows (unaudited):

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Materials and supplies	$	242,783	$	203,085
Finished Goods		2,372,029		1,490,657
Total	$	2,614,812	$	1,693,742

During the year ended December 31, 2017, in connection with the market launch of the Company’s next generation product, the Saphyr system, the Company determined that its first generation Irys instruments on hand had net realizable

9

values below carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $0.4million included in cost of product revenue to write-down these instruments to net realizable value of $1.3 million.

After considering the weight of evidence that accumulated during the three months ended September 2018, including the strategic shift towards minimal selling efforts of the Irys instruments, the Company determined that the Irys instruments on hand had net realizable values below their carrying value.  Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $1.3 million included in cost of product revenue to write-down these instruments to $0 net realizable value.  

Revenue Recognition

Product Revenue

Product revenue represents the sale of the Company’s instruments and consumables to third parties. Timing of revenue recognition on instrument sales is based upon when delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.

The majority of the Company’s instruments contain embedded operating systems and other software which is included in the purchase price of the instrument. The software is deemed incidental to the system as a whole as it is not sold or marketed separately and its production costs are minor compared to those of the hardware system. Hardware and software elements are both delivered when ownership is transferred to the customer. Hardware upgrades, which are made available to customers for purchase, are recognized as revenue when delivered and all revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

Installation services for direct sale customers are performed at the same time or shortly after the product is delivered and require only a minimal effort to complete. The Company believes installation is a perfunctory service and is not material to its obligations in the contract.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes revenue from extended service contracts and other services that may be performed. Revenue for extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the service period. Revenue for other services is generally recognized based on proportional performance of the contract, when the Company’s ability to complete project requirements is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for on-going service arrangements. Most of these services are completed in a short period of time from the receipt of the customer’s order. When significant risk exists in the Company’s ability to fulfill project requirements, revenue is recognized upon completion of the contract.

Multiple Element Arrangements

The Company regularly enters into contracts where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables, including products or services. These contracts typically include an instrument, consumables, and extended service contracts. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the individual units of accounting determined to exist in the contract. A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Items are considered to have stand-alone value when they are sold separately by any vendor or when the customer could resell the item on a stand-alone basis.

For transactions with multiple deliverables, consideration is allocated at the inception of the contract to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence exists, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price using average selling prices over an appropriate period coupled with an assessment of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company considers its approved standard prices adjusted for applicable discounts.

In order to establish VSOE of selling price, the Company must regularly sell the product or service on a standalone basis with a substantial majority priced within a relatively narrow range. In cases where there is not a sufficient number of standalone sales and VSOE of selling price cannot be determined, then the Company utilizes third-party evidence to establish selling price.

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Distributor Transactions

In certain markets, the Company sells products and provides services to customers through distributors that specialize in life sciences products. In cases where the product is delivered to a distributor, revenue recognition generally occurs when title transfers to the distributor. The terms of sales transactions through distributors are generally consistent with the terms of direct sales to customers and do not contain return rights. Distributor sales transactions typically differ from direct customer sales as they do not require the Company’s services to install the instrument at the end customer or perform the services for the customer that are beyond the standard warranty in the first year following the sale. These transactions are accounted for in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy described herein.

Offering Costs

The offering costs associated with the IPO consist of legal, accounting and filing fees. The Company had $4,659,369 of IPO costs as of September 30, 2018. These costs have been recorded as a reduction of the gross proceeds from the IPO in stockholder’s equity. Included in these costs is the fair value, valued at $382,347 as of the date of the IPO, of warrants to purchase 115,290 shares of common stock issued to the underwriters as partial compensation for services retendered in connection with the IPO. The warrants are exercisable for common stock at a price of $9.1875 per share at any time beginning on August 20, 2019 through and including August 20, 2023, the expiration date.

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

The Company previously accounted for outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock as liabilities in the balance sheets under preferred stock warrant liability. The convertible preferred stock warrants were subject to remeasurement at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded as change in fair value of warrants and expirations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the IPO, all outstanding warrants previously exercisable for shares of preferred stock either expired or were adjusted to exercisable for shares of common stock.  As of September 30, 2018, there were no outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock due to this adjustment.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company and its chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include outstanding stock options under the Company’s equity incentive plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares) (unaudited):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Common Stock Options		415,137		420,678		415,137		420,678
Warrants		4,015,013		855,206		4,015,013		855,206
Total		4,430,150		1,275,884		4,430,150		1,275,884

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On April 5, 2012, the Jump-Start Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an emerging growth company. As an emerging growth company, the Company may elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards when they become effective for non-public companies, which typically is later than when public companies must adopt the standards. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act and, as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for emerging growth companies, which are the dates included below.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 completes the joint effort by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-09 applies to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has evaluated this new guidance and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” The new topic supersedes Topic 840, “Leases,” and increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior period. The Company anticipates implementing the standard by taking advantage of the alternative transition method and will apply the transition approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption and will not be restating comparative periods.  The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on the financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01). This guidance changes how entities measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method. Entities will be required to measure these investments at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in fair value in net income. A practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values, however; the exception requires the Company to consider relevant transactions that can be reasonably known to identify any observable price changes that would impact the fair value. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current GAAP. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2019 and for interim periods effective the three months ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016-01 and has not yet determined whether the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods reporting within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial statements.

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3. Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

			Fair Value Measurement Using
	September 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	20,657,038	$	20,657,038	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	20,657,038	$	20,657,038	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Preferred stock warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Preferred stock warrant liability	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944
Total liabilities	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944

As discussed in Note 2 above, there were no warrants exercisable for the Company’s convertible preferred stock following the closing of the IPO. Of the 37.2 million warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock, 35.7 million warrants expired on the effective date of the IPO.  The remaining 1.5 million warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock were adjusted to become exercisable for common stock. Prior to the IPO, the Company estimated fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants at the time of issuance and subsequent remeasurement using the Black-Scholes-Merton model at each reporting date.  On the date of the IPO and going forward, all outstanding warrants are accounted for as equity and are not subject to remeasurement.

Estimating fair values of derivative financial instruments, including Level 3 instruments, require the use of significant and subjective inputs that may, and are likely to, change over the duration of the instrument with related changes in internal and external market factors, including changes in the estimated fair value of the Company’s equity securities.

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The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

	Warrant Liability
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	4,650,877
Expiration of Series A warrants		(1,424	)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants		(750,509	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		3,898,944
Issuance of warrants in connection with debt    (unaudited)		176,813
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants    (unaudited)		(3,991,081	)
Conversion of preferred stock warrants to common    stock warrants due to IPO (unaudited)		(84,676	)
Balance at September 30, 2018 (unaudited)	$	—

The warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock were valued at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. This valuation includes observable inputs such as risk-free rate, as well as unobservable inputs for assumed volatility, the expected life of the warrants, and the fair value of the underlying convertible preferred stock. Quantitative information relating to unobservable inputs is disclosed below:

	December 31, 2017
Risk-free interest rate		1.75	%
Volatility		54.60	%
Expected life (in years)		0.6
Dividend Yield		—
Fair value of Series A preferred stock	$	0.66
Fair value of Series B-1 preferred stock	$	0.36
Fair value of Series D preferred stock	$	0.48
Fair value of Series D-1 preferred stock	$	0.48

4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Prepayment to supplier	$	249,071	$	492,330
Other current assets		1,098,703		579,182
Total	$	1,347,774	$	1,071,512

5. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Computer and office equipment	$	476,402		$	476,402
Lab equipment		4,156,519			3,995,731
Service equipment placed at customer sites		594,553			594,553
Leasehold improvements		1,860,667			1,860,667
		7,088,141			6,927,353
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(5,038,885	)		(3,921,565	)
	$	2,049,256		$	3,005,788

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The Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense of $391,246 and $240,551 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $1,169,801 and $964,932 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively in operating expenses.

6. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued expenses	$	2,185,354	$	2,596,137
Accrued bonus		629,936		912,757
Total	$	2,815,290	$	3,508,894

7. Long-Term Debt

Western Alliance LSA

On March 8, 2016, the Company entered into a new term Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank (the “Western Alliance LSA”) for $7.0 million. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $5.0 million loan with Square 1 Bank, as required by the twelfth amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement with Square 1 Bank.

The Company paid debt issuance costs and a facility fee totaling $113,542 at the inception of the loan, which was recorded as a debt discount and was being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company was required to pay an end of term charge equal to 3.25% of the total amount borrowed. Accordingly, an end of term charge of $227,500 was recorded as debt discount and was included on the balance sheet under current liabilities as December 31, 2017. The end of term charge was being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan.

Additionally, in conjunction with the entry into Western Alliance LSA, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 510,417 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock of $65,384 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 11,925 shares of common stock for $20.54 per share.  The warrants expire on March 8, 2026.

On December 9, 2016, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, in conjunction with this amendment, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 291,667 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $34,300 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 6,814 shares of common stock for $20.55 per share.  The warrants expire on Dec 9, 2026.  

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On November 20, 2017, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, in conjunction with this amendment, the Company agreed to pay an amendment fee of $17,500, which was payable on the earliest to occur of the loan maturity date or the prepayment date. The amount was recorded as a debt discount on the balance sheet and was being recognized as additional interest expense over the remaining term of the loan.

The Company received a notice of default from Western Alliance Bank notifying the Company that as of December 31, 2017 it was in default, as it had failed to secure at least $15.0 million from the sale or issuance of its equity securities or subordinated debt as set forth in the amended Western Alliance LSA. Based on the notice of default the Company reclassified the total loan balance of $6.7 million to current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, as the loan could be called at any time by Western Alliance Bank.

In February 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended requiring the Company to secure $21,000,000 in funding prior to June 30, 2018. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank agreed to forbear from exercising any of its default remedies set forth in the Western Alliance LSA as a result of the Company’s loan default.

On June 13, 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, replacing previously amended funding requirements and requiring the Company to secure $5.0 million in funding prior to August 3, 2018. Additionally, the amendment restricted Company use of all cash collected from customers, received on and after amendment date, until collecting a total of $2.5 million. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Back waived the existing default.

One June 29, 2018, the Company repaid the Western Alliance LSA as part of the MidCap Financial Credit and Security Agreement discussed below.

MidCap Financial CSA

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (CSA) with MidCap Financial Trust which provides a $15.0 million term loan facility available in three tranches, Tranche 1: $10.0 million, Tranche 2: $2.5 million, and Tranche 3: $2.5 million. The Company borrowed $10.0 million from Tranche 1 immediately upon closing the agreement; Tranches 2 and 3 are available to draw from after achieving $12.5 million and $16.0 million in trailing twelve month revenue, respectively. Proceeds from the loan were used to repay the outstanding $7.0 million due to Western Alliance LSA.

The MidCap Financial CSA bears interest at an annual rate of one month LIBOR plus 7.5%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.5%. The loan has a 60-month term, with interest only for the first 18 months and straight-line amortization of principal and interest for the remaining 42 months.The CSA is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and matures on July 1, 2023.

The Company paid issuance fees of approximately $0.3 million at the inception of the loan, which was recorded as a debt discount and is being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. Subject to certain limited exceptions, amounts prepaid in relation to the MidCap Financial CSA are subject to a prepayment fee determined by multiplying the amount being prepaid by 4% in the first year of the term, 3% in year two, and 2% thereafter. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company will be required to pay an end of term charge equal to 4% of the total amount borrowed. Accordingly, an end of term charge of $0.4 million was recorded as debt discount and is included in other long-term liabilities on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2018. The end of term charge is being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan.

In conjunction with entering into the MidCap Financial CSA, the Company issued to MidCap a warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share that was immediately exercisable and expires June 29, 2028. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $0.2 million was recorded as a debt discount and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. The assumptions used in the model were: the fair value of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, which was determined using an OPM analysis (see Note 3), an expected life of 10 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.83% and an expected volatility of 59%. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 14,603 shares of common stock for $20.55.  The warrants expire on June 29, 2028.

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In addition, MidCap invested $1.0million in the convertible note offering at terms identical to other investors described in the Convertible Notes section below.

Convertible Notes

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) with various investors, which included related parties (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Investors convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”) in the original principal amount of up to $16.0 million. On April 2, 2018, the Company amended the Note Purchase Agreement to, among other things, increase the principal amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to $18.4 million. The Convertible Notes had a maturity date of September 30, 2018 and were convertible either into the Company’s common stock or convertible preferred stock, dependent on the conversion events.

On June 29, 2018, the Note Purchase Agreement was amended to increase the principal amount available for issuance from $18.4 million to $19.4 million.

In August 2018, the outstanding convertible promissory notes of $14.9 million of principal and interest were converted into 3,239,294 shares of common stock upon completion of the IPO.  As of September 30, 2018, there are no convertible notes outstanding.

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the Western Alliance LSA are as follows:

	December 31, 2017
Term loan face value	$	7,000,000
Fair value of warrant		(99,684	)
End of term charge		(227,500	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs		(131,042	)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge		148,225
Accretion of warrant fair value		39,753
Balance		6,729,752
Less current portion		6,729,752
Long-term debt	$	—

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows:

	September 30, 2018
Term loan face value	$	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant		(176,813	)
End of term charge		(400,000	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs		(467,044	)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge		43,352
Accretion of warrant fair value		8,842
Balance		9,008,337
Less current portion		—
Long-term debt	$	9,008,337

Non-cash interest expense related to debt discount amortization and accretion of end of term fees was $52,194 and  $21,558, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and $121,984 and $66,241 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Future minimum payments including interest under the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows as of September 30, 2018:

Years ending December 31,
2018	$	243,900
2019		975,600
2020		3,704,986
2021		3,426,243
2022-2023		5,016,721
Total minimum loan payments	$	13,367,450
Unamortized interest		(2,967,450	)
End of term charge		(400,000	)
Warrant fair value		(167,972	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge		(823,691	)
Term loan		9,008,337
Less current portion		—
Long-term debt	$	9,008,337

8. Stockholders’ Deficit

Common Stock

On August 23, 2018, the Company amended and restated its Certificate of Incorporation in connection with the IPO. The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, all of which shares of preferred stock are undesignated. Of the 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, 10,032,687 shares were issued as of September 30, 2018.

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the company issued 1,068 and 1,168 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $1,116 and $1,500, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the company issued 1,856 and 1,168 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $3,499 and $1,500, respectively.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Conversion of all outstanding Preferred Stock to Common Stock

In August 2018, due to completion of a public offering meeting certain requires (as defined below), each 42.8 shares of Series Preferred was converted into one share of common stock at a Conversion Price of $1.3995 for each share of Series A, B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock and $0.48 for each share of Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock. Prior to the August 2018 offering, there were 121,992,497 shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding. The Company’s convertible preferred stock had been classified as temporary equity on the accompanying balance sheets in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities. As of September 30, 2018, there are no shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding.

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The following sets forth information regarding all convertible preferred stock securities sold since January 1, 2017:

Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Financing

From February through November 2017, the Company sold and issued 36,974,586 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at $0.48 per share, raising approximately $17,750,000, net of issuance costs of $154,191. At any time after December 31, 2021, holders of a majority of the then outstanding Series D-1 convertible preferred stock may redeem any unconverted or unredeemed Series D-1 convertible preferred stock in cash at the greater of the original convertible preferred stock purchase price plus all declared but unpaid dividends or the fair market value. The Company had determined not to adjust the carrying values of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock to the liquidation preferences of such shares because of the uncertainty over whether or when such an event would occur. The Company had determined that it was not probable that such redemption would occur as a mandatory conversion event, the close of the public offering, was expected in advance of the redemption triggers.

Convertible Preferred Stock

The Series A, B, B-1, C, D and D-1 convertible preferred stock (collectively, the “Series Preferred”) had the following rights and privileges immediately prior to conversion to common stock in connection with the public offering:

Voting rights

Series Preferred stockholders were entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the convertible preferred stock was convertible.

Conversion

Each 42.8 shares of Series Preferred was convertible, at any time, into one share of common stock at the then-applicable Conversion Price (as defined below). The Series Preferred was automatically converted into common stock, at the then-applicable Conversion Price, upon (a) the vote or consent of 66-2/3% of the outstanding shares of Series Preferred or (b) upon the closing of the sale to the public of either shares of common stock or units comprised of shares of common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock (i) in which the price per share paid by the public (prior to the deduction of underwriting discounts and registration expenses) was no less than $6.00 per share, or to the extent units are sold in such offering, no less than $6.00 per unit (in each case as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to shares of common stock effectuated after August 15, 2018), in each case in the initial closing of the such offering, and (ii) resulting in at least $15,000,000 in gross proceeds to the company (prior to the deduction of underwriting discounts and registration expenses), in a firm-commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Conversion Price was initially $1.3995 for each share of Series A, B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock and $0.48 for each share of Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Conversion Price was subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

Dividends

Holders of the Series Preferred were entitled to receive cash dividends at the rate of 8% of the applicable Original Issue Price (as defined below) per annum, on a non-cumulative basis, on each outstanding share of Series Preferred. The Company could not declare any dividends on any shares of Series Preferred other than shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock unless the holders of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock then outstanding first receive, or simultaneously receive, full payment of a dividend. The Original Issue Price was $2.733 per share for the Series A convertible preferred stock, $1.3995 per share for the Series B convertible preferred stock, $1.3995 per share for the Series B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 per share for the Series C convertible preferred stock, $0.48 per share for the Series D convertible preferred stock and $0.48 per share for the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, each subject to adjustment in the event of any reorganization, stock split, recapitalization or other similar event involving or affecting a change in the Company’s capital structure.

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Liquidation Preferences

In the event of liquidation or winding up of the Company, (i) the holders of the Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of, Series C convertible preferred stock, Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, Series A convertible preferred stock and common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference (as defined below); (ii) the holders of the Series C convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, Series A convertible preferred stock, and common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference; and (iii) the holders of Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock and the holders of Series A convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference. The Liquidation Preference was calculated as follows: (i) when the Company was valued at $91 million or below, the Liquidation Preference was equal to the applicable Original Issue Price for such shares plus the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends and (ii) when the company was valued greater than $91 million, the Liquidation Preference was equal to the applicable Original Issue Price for such shares plus the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends, with the first $10 million of proceeds above $91 million distributed to the holders of the Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock on a pro rata basis ((i) and (ii) together, “Liquidation Preference”).

Stock Options

In August 2018, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) and its stockholders adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), as a successor to and continuation of the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”). Under the 2018 Plan the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other awards to individuals who are then its employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of its affiliates. The Company has initially reserved 1,499,454 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2018 Plan, which is the sum of (1) 1,000,000 new shares, plus (2) the number of shares that remained available for issuance under the 2006 Plan at the time the 2018 Plan became effective, and (3) any shares subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards that were granted under the 2006 Plan that would have otherwise returned to the 2006 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, starting on January 1, 2019 through January 1, 2028, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of each automatic increase, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Board.

As of September 30, 2018, there were 415,137 shares of common stock subject to outstanding options and 1,084,285 shares of common stock reserved for future stock awards under the 2018 Plan.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2018		436,341		$	5.14		9.0	$	—
Granted (unaudited)		385			6.00				—
Exercised (unaudited)		(1,856	)		1.28			$	4,571
Cancelled/Expired (unaudited)		(19,733	)		9.65				—
Outstanding at September 30, 2018 (unaudited)		415,137		$	4.99		8.2	$	2,589,204
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2018    (unaudited)		399,705		$	5.14		8.2	$	2,487,288
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2018    (unaudited)		261,487		$	6.73		8.1	$	1,580,698

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For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted to its employee’s options to purchase no shares and 17,769 shares of its common stock with an exercise price of $1.28 per share, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted to its employee’s options to purchase 385 shares and 422,706 shares of its common stock with an exercise price of $6.00 per share and $1.28 per share, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the total grant date fair value of vested options was $50,584 and $60,515, respectively. The Company did not grant employee options during the three months ended September 30, 2018; the weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants during the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $0.67.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the total grant date fair value of vested options was $161,897 and $232,915, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2.99 and $0.66, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense offor the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Research and development	$	43,363	$	18,564	$	131,900	$	162,420
General and administrative		9,762		5,561		28,651		79,551
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	53,125	$	24,125	$	160,551	$	241,971

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee stock option grants were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
Risk-free interest rate		—		1.8	%		2.5	%		2.5	%
Expected volatility		—		58.0	%		63.0	%		58.0	%
Expected term (in years)		—	5.3				4.0		5.1 - 5.3
Expected dividend yield		—		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%

Risk-free interest rate. The risk-free rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments, the terms of which were consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Expected volatility. Due to the Company’s limited operating history and lack of company-specific historical or implied volatility as a private company, the expected volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities of a group of industry peers whose share prices are publicly available.

Expected term. The expected term of stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to be outstanding. The Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time its equity shares have been publicly traded.  As a result, the Company uses the simplified method for estimating the expected term as provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options.  

Expected dividend yield. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not intend to pay dividends.

Forfeitures. The Company reduces stock-based compensation expense for actual forfeitures during the period.

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As of September 30, 2018 the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options was $132,726 and is expected to be recognized as expense over approximately 1.1 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2018, the Board and the Company’s stockholders adopted the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). A total of 175,000 shares of common stock are initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase each on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2019, through January 1, 2028, by the lesser of (1) 1% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase, (2) 220,000 shares, or (3) a lesser number of shares as determined by the Board. As of September 30, 2018, no shares of common stock have been purchased under the ESPP.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consist of the following:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Stock options issued and outstanding		415,137
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or    employee stock purchase program		1,259,285
Common Warrants		4,015,013
Total		5,689,435

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases certain office and lab space in San Diego, California under a non-cancelable operating lease, which was amended July 1, 2015 to add laboratory space and office space and extend its terms through December 2020. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $147,522 each period, including the offset for amortization of leasehold incentive obligation of $56,263 each period.   Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $442,566 each period, including the offset for amortization of leasehold incentive obligation of$168,789 each period.

The future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2018, are summarized as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
2018 (3 months remaining)	$	206,721
2019		862,656
2020		902,412
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,971,789

Royalty Agreements

The Company has entered into agreements to market and distribute chips and kits used in its instruments. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company is obligated to pay royalties based on sales during each annual license period and is obligated to make minimum payments regardless of the level of sales achieved. The Company has paid $76,846 and $75,960 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $295,246 and $235,455 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Such royalty agreements extend through the life of underlying intellectual property which is affected by patent filing date and jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2017, annual future minimum royalty payments under the Company’s royalty agreements total $70,000, on a continuing basis, and extend through November 29, 2026.

Purchase Commitments

The Company has a contractual commitment with a supplier to purchase $100,000 of products each quarter until the first quarter of 2019. The Company is not able to determine the aggregate amount of other such purchase orders that represent contractual obligations, as purchase orders may represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. The Company’s purchase orders are based on its current procurement or development needs and are fulfilled by the Company’s vendors within short time horizons.

Litigation

The Company is subject to potential liabilities under various claims and legal actions that are pending or may be asserted. These matters arise in the ordinary course and conduct of the business. The Company intends to continue to defend itself vigorously in such matters. The Company regularly assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in the financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on the Company’s assessment, it currently does not have any amount accrued as it is not a defendant in any claims or legal actions.

10. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, United Kingdom and various state jurisdictions. The Company computes its quarterly income tax provision by using a forecasted annual effective tax rate and adjusts for any discrete items arising during the quarter. The primary difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate relates to the full valuation allowance on the Company's U.S. net operating losses.

At September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively the provision for income taxes reflected on the statements of operations reflect an effective tax rate of -0.06% and -0.10% respectively.  

Federal, state, and foreign income tax expense/(benefit) was $(2,978) and $(4,738) for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 respectively; and $6,304 and $17,620 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, management assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and evaluated the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis. This evaluation utilizes the framework contained in ASC 740, Income Taxes, wherein management analyzes all positive and negative evidence available at the balance sheet date to determine whether all or some portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. Under this guidance, a valuation allowance must be established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not (a probability level of more than 50 percent) that they will not be realized.  Because of our history of losses and the uncertainty as to the realization of those deferred tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been recognized for the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions.

Utilization of the net operating losses and research and development (“R&D”) credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to ownership change limitations that have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as well as similar state and foreign provisions. These ownership changes may limit the amount of net operating losses and R&D credit carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382 of the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders.

During 2013, the Company completed a Section 382/383 analysis, from inception through December 31, 2012, regarding the limitation of the net operating losses and R&D credits. Based upon the analysis, the Company determined that no ownership changes occurred during that period. However, there may have been ownership changes subsequent to

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December 31, 2012, that could limit the Company’s ability to utilize the net operating loss and R&D credit carryforwards. The Company plans to complete an analysis prior to using any of the net operating losses and R&D credits.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) was issued to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (The “Act”). In accordance with SAB 118, the Company’s provisional determination is that there is no deferred tax benefit or expense with respect to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets. The Company did not record any adjustments to this provisional amount during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and will continue to analyze and refine its calculations related to the remeasurement as the impact of the Act is finalized.

11. Employee Benefits

The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan available to eligible employees. Under the terms of the plan, employees may make voluntary contributions as a percent of compensation, limited to the maximum amount allowable under federal tax regulations. The Company, at its discretion, may make certain contributions to the 401(k) plan. The Company made matching contributions of $78,020 and $97,414, and, $211,185 and $334,988, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OFFINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our final prospectus dated August 21, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on August 22, 2018 (the “Prospectus”), relating to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, originally filed with the SEC on June 28, 2018 (File No. 333-225970). Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Bionano Genomics, Inc.

Forward-Looking Statements

The information in this discussion contains forward-looking statements and information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects and plans and objectives of management. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements that we make. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risks set forth in our filings with the SEC. The forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a life sciences instrumentation company in the genome analysis space. We develop and market the Saphyr system, a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics. Our Saphyr system comprises an instrument, chip consumables, reagents and a suite of data analysis tools.

Structural variation refers to large-scale structural differences in the genomic DNA of one individual compared to another. Each structural variation involves the rearrangement or repetition of as few as hundreds to as many as tens of millions of DNA base pairs. Those rearrangements may be insertions, deletions, duplications, inversions or translocations of segments of one or more chromosomes. Structural variations may be inherited or arise spontaneously and many cause genetic disorders and diseases. Until our commercial launch of the Saphyr system in February 2017, and since, we believe no products existed or exist that could more comprehensively and cost and time-efficiently detect structural variation.

Our Saphyr system comprises an instrument, chip consumables, reagents and a suite of data analysis tools. Our customers include researchers and clinicians who seek to uncover and understand the biological or clinical impact of genome variation to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with better clinical tests and new medicines or to replace existing cytogenetic tests that are expensive, slow and labor-intense, with a modern solution that simplifies workflow and reduces costs and that has the potential to significantly increase diagnostic yields across the industry. Our customers also include researchers in non-human segments such as agricultural genomics where they seek to advance their understanding of how structural variation impacts industrial applications of plants and animals.

Since our inception, we have raised net proceeds of $148.7 million to fund our operations from the issuance of equity and convertible promissory notes. We have incurred losses in each year since our inception. Our net losses were $4.9 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $12.1 million and $17.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $66.4 million.

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We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses as we:

• expand our sales and marketing efforts to further commercialize our products;

• continue research and development efforts to improve our existing products;

• hire additional personnel;

• enter into collaboration arrangements, if any;

• add operational, financial and management information systems; and

• incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company.

Initial Public Offering

In August 2018, we completed our initial public offering of our common stock, or the IPO, in which we sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of our common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit for net proceeds of $19.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

Financial Overview

Revenue

We generate product revenue from sales of our instruments and consumables. We currently sell our products for research use only applications and our customers are primarily laboratories associated with academic and governmental research institutions, as well as pharmaceutical, biotechnology and contract research companies. Sales of our consumables have consistently increased due to an increasing number of our instruments being installed in the field, all of which require certain of our consumables to run customers’ specific tests. Consumable revenue consists of sales of complete assays which are developed internally by us, plus sales of kits which contain all the elements necessary to run tests.

Other revenue consists of warranty and other service-based revenue.

The following table presents our revenue for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Product revenue	$	2,700,162	$	2,604,215	$	7,618,407	$	6,213,496
Other revenue		128,542		138,841		368,791		446,424
Total	$	2,828,704	$	2,743,056	$	7,987,198	$	6,659,920

The following table reflects total revenue by geography and as a percentage of total revenue, based on the billing address of our customers. North America consists of the United States and Canada. EMEIA consists of Europe, Middle East, India and Africa. Asia Pacific includes China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Australia.

	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018					2017					2018					2017
	$		%			$		%			$		%			$		%
North America	$	901,679		32	%	$	319,468		12	%	$	3,450,322		43	%	$	2,114,593		32	%
EMEIA		1,089,239		38	%		621,598		23	%		2,231,349		28	%		1,445,363		22	%
Asia Pacific		837,786		30	%		1,801,990		65	%		2,305,527		29	%		3,099,964		46	%
Total	$	2,828,704		100	%	$	2,743,056		100	%	$	7,987,198		100	%	$	6,659,920		100	%

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Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue for our instruments and consumables includes cost from the manufacturer, raw material parts costs and associated freight, shipping and handling costs, contract manufacturer costs, salaries and other personnel costs, overhead and other direct costs related to those sales recognized as product revenue in the period.

Cost of other revenue consists of salaries and other personnel costs and costs related to warranties and other costs of servicing equipment at customer sites.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of salaries and other personnel costs, stock-based compensation, research supplies, third-party development costs for new products, materials for prototypes, and allocated overhead costs that include facility and other overhead costs. We have made substantial investments in research and development since our inception, and plan to continue to make investments in the future. Our research and development efforts have focused primarily on the tasks required to support development and commercialization of new and existing products. We believe that our continued investment in research and development is essential to our long-term competitive position.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel costs, and stock-based compensation for our sales and marketing, finance, legal, human resources and general management, as well as professional services, such as legal and accounting services.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period-to-Period Change
	2018			2017			$			%
Revenues:
Product revenue	$	2,700,162		$	2,604,215		$	95,947			3.7	%
Other revenue		128,542			138,841			(10,299	)		-7.4	%
Total revenue		2,828,704			2,743,056			85,648			3.1	%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue		3,064,661			1,643,504			1,421,157			86.5	%
Cost of other revenue		3,671			46,719			(43,048	)		-92.1	%
Total cost of revenue		3,068,332			1,690,223			1,378,109			81.5	%
Operating expense:
Research and development		2,505,137			2,967,073			(461,936	)		-15.6	%
Selling, general and administrative		3,224,075			3,116,922			107,153			3.4	%
Total operating expense		5,729,212			6,083,995			(354,783	)		-5.8	%
Loss from operations		(5,968,840	)		(5,031,162	)		(937,678	)		18.6	%
Interest expense		(404,437	)		(145,308	)		(259,129	)		178.3	%
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and    expirations		1,520,159			154,469			1,365,690			884.1	%
Other expense		(75,957	)		(68,189	)		(7,768	)		11.4	%
Loss before income taxes		(4,929,075	)		(5,090,190	)		161,115			-3.2	%
Provision for income taxes		2,978			4,738			(1,760	)		-37.1	%
Net loss	$	(4,926,097	)	$	(5,085,452	)	$	159,355			-3.1	%

Revenue

Total revenue increased by $0.1 million, or 3.1%, to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $2.7 million for the same period in 2017.  Average sales prices, or ASPs, of instruments decreased by 10%

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while instrument sales volume remained flat, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2017.  In June 2018, we began offering discounts on bulk consumables orders.ASPs of consumables decreased by 40% while consumable sales volume increased 125%, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of product revenue increased by $1.4 million, or 86.5%, to $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.6 million for the same period in 2017.  Based on new conditions presented in the quarter, the Company incurred a $1.3 million expense to write-down the carrying value Irys instruments on-hand to zero.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased $0.5 million, or 15.6%, to $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $3.0 million for the same period in 2017. The decrease was primarily related to decreases in compensation and benefit expenses resulting from a reduction in headcount during the second half of 2017.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.1 million, or 3.4%, to $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $3.1 million for the same period in 2017.  The increase was primarily related to additional costs associated with being a public company, such as expenses related to compliance with rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq, additional insurance expenses, and expenses related to investor relations activities.  These expenses were offset by reduced compensation and benefit expenses resulting from a reduction in headcount during the second half of 2017. We expect selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in future periods as the number of sales, technical support and marketing and administrative personnel grows.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $0.3 million, or 178.3%, to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $0.1 million for the same period in 2017.  The increase in interest expense is related to additional borrowing of convertible notes entered into in February and June of 2018 as well as additional borrowing under the MidCap Financial CSA, entered into in June 2018.

Change in Fair Value of Preferred Stock Warrants

Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants increased $1.3 million to $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $0.2 million for the same period in 2017.  The preferred stock warrants were subject to remeasurement at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded in the statement of operations. In connection with the IPO in August 2018, outstanding warrants, previously exercisable for preferred shares, were adjusted to exercisable for common shares, and are therefore not treated as a liability.  The liability balance remaining prior to the close of the IPO was reclassified to additional paid-in-capital.

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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period-to-Period Change
	2018			2017			$			%
Revenues:
Product revenue	$	7,618,407		$	6,213,496		$	1,404,911			22.6	%
Other revenue		368,791			446,424			(77,633	)		-17.4	%
Total revenue		7,987,198			6,659,920			1,327,278			19.9	%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue		5,708,704			4,462,365			1,246,339			27.9	%
Cost of other revenue		14,507			71,975			(57,468	)		-79.8	%
Total cost of revenue		5,723,211			4,534,340			1,188,871			26.2	%
Operating expense:
Research and development		6,962,696			9,551,687			(2,588,991	)		-27.1	%
Selling, general and administrative		9,617,814			10,553,348			(935,534	)		-8.9	%
Total operating expenses		16,580,510			20,105,035			(3,524,525	)		-17.5	%
Loss from operations		(14,316,523	)		(17,979,455	)		3,662,932			-20.4	%
Interest expense		(1,114,053	)		(431,403	)		(682,650	)		158.2	%
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and    expirations		3,991,081			1,108,362			2,882,719			260.1	%
Other expense		(639,137	)		(125,324	)		(513,813	)		410.0	%
Loss before income taxes		(12,078,632	)		(17,427,820	)		5,349,188			-30.7	%
Provision for income taxes		(6,304	)		(17,620	)		11,316			-64.2	%
Net loss	$	(12,084,936	)	$	(17,445,440	)	$	5,360,504			-30.7	%

Revenue

Total revenue increased by $1.3 million, or 19.9%, to $8.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $6.7 million for the same period in 2017.  Instrument ASPs and sales volume both remained flat in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In June 2018, we began offering bulk discounts on consumables. ASPs of consumables increased by 9% while consumable sales volume increased 142%, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of product revenue increased by $1.2 million, or 27.9%, to $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $4.5 million for the same period in 2017. The increase is attributed to a $1.3 million expense to write-down the carrying value of Irys instruments on-hand to zero impacting the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased $2.6 million, or 27.1%, to $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $9.6 million for the same period in 2017. The decrease was primarily related to decreases in compensation and benefit expenses resulting from a reduction in headcount during the second half of 2017.  In addition, our transition efforts from research and development to the commercialization of our products began to take place in late 2017, resulting in decreased spending on research and development materials and services for the nine month ended September 30, 2018.  

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $0.9 million, or 8.9%, to $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $10.6 million for the same period 2017. The decrease was primarily related to decreases in compensation and benefit expenses resulting from a reduction in headcount during the second half of 2017, offset by

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additional costs associated with being a public company.  We expect selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in future periods as the number of sales, technical support and marketing and administrative personnel grows and we continue to broaden our customer base and grow our business. We also expect to incur additional expenses as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq, additional insurance expenses, and expenses related to investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $0.7 million, to $1.1 million compared to $0.4 million for the same period 2017.  The increase in interest expense is related to additional borrowing of convertible notes entered into in February and June of 2018 as well as additional borrowing under the MidCap Financial CSA entered into in June 2018.

Change in Fair Value of Preferred Stock Warrants

Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants increased $2.9 million to $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.1 million for the same period in 2017. The preferred stock warrants were subject to remeasurement at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded in the statement of operations. In connection with the IPO in August 2018, outstanding warrants, previously exercisable for preferred shares, were adjusted to exercisable for common shares, and are therefore not treated as a liability.    The liability balance remaining on the date of the close of the IPO was reclassified to additional paid-in-capital.

Other Expense

Other expense increased $0.5 million to $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $0.1 million for the same period 2017.  The increase is attributed to financing costs that were incurred when extinguishing the outstanding loan on the Western Alliance LSA prior to its maturing date.  

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception, we have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations. We incurred net losses of $4.9 million, $5.1 million, $12.1 million and $17.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  We used $15.9 million and $18.0 million of cash from our operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, we have an accumulated deficit of $66.4 million and cash and cash equivalents of $20.7 million.

Sources of Liquidity

Prior to August 2018, we financed our operations principally through private placements of our convertible preferred stock, borrowings from credit facilities, and revenue from our commercial operations.

In August 2018, we completed the IPO, in which we sold 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of its common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit for net cash proceeds of $19.4 million after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.1 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

Preferred stock financings

To date, we have raised approximately $129.3 million in net equity proceeds through sales of our preferred stock.

Loan facility

On March 8, 2016, we entered into a new term Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank, or the Western Alliance LSA, for $7.0 million. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $5.0 million loan with Square 1 Bank, as required by the amended Loan and Security agreement between Square 1 Bank and us.

In February 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended requiring the Company to secure $21.0 million in funding prior to June 30, 2018. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank agreed to forbear from exercising any of its default remedies set forth in the LSA as a result of our loan default.

30

On June 13, 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, replacing previously amended funding requirements and requiring the Company to secure $5.0 million in funding prior to August 3, 2018. Additionally, the amendment restricted the Company’s use of all cash collected from customers, received on and after the amendment date, until a total of $2.5 million of collections. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank waived the existing default.

On June 29, 2018, we entered into a new Credit and Security Agreement with Midcap Financial Trust which provides for a five year $15 million term loan facility. The Credit and Security Agreement is secured by a lien covering substantially all of our assets, including intellectual property. Upon executing the agreement, we drew down a $10.0 million term loan from the credit facility. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $7.0 million balance on the Western Alliance LSA.

See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of terms and provisions to the Western Alliance LSA and Midcap Financial CSA.

Note purchase agreement

On February 9, 2018, we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with various investors, which included related parties or the Investors, pursuant to which we agreed to sell the Investors 8% Convertible Promissory Notes, or the Convertible Notes, in the original principal amount up to approximately $16.0 million. On April 2, 2018, we amended the Note Purchase Agreement to, among other things, increase the principal amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to approximately $18.4 million. In addition, in connection with the Midcap Financial CSA, we again amended the Note Purchase Agreement to increase the amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to approximately $19.4 million. The Convertible Notes had a maturity date of September 30, 2018 and were convertible either into our common stock or preferred stock, dependent on the conversion events as described in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018 the outstanding convertible promissory notes of $14,329,843 and accrued interest was converted into 3,239,294 shares of common stock upon completion of the IPO.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(15,853,679	)	$	(18,008,789	)
Investing activities		(319,885	)		(736,063	)
Financing activities		35,808,706			16,133,264

Operating Activities

We derive cash flows from operations primarily from the sale of our products and services. Our cash flows from operating activities are also significantly influenced by our use of cash for operating expenses to support the growth of our business. We have historically experienced negative cash flows from operating activities as we have developed our technology, expanded our business and built our infrastructure and this may continue in the future.

Net cash used in operating activities was $15.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $18.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease in cash used in operating activities of $2.1 million was mostly the result of lower compensation and benefits resulting from the second half of 2017 reduction in force, an increase in revenues, and lower cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period 2017.

31

Investing Activities

Historically, our primary investing activities have consisted of capital expenditures for the purchase of capital equipment to support our expanding infrastructure. We expect to continue to incur additional costs for capital expenditures related to these efforts in future periods.

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $0.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Financing Activities

Historically, we have financed our operations principally through private placements of our convertible preferred stock and promissory notes and borrowings from credit facilities, as well as gross profits from our commercial operations.  In August 2018, we completed the IPO.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $35.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $16.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $19.7 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 we had net proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes of $14.3 million, IPO net proceeds of $19.4 million, and net debt proceeds (net of payments outstanding loan) of $2.0 million.  During the same period 2017, we had net proceeds from the issuance preferred stock and warrants of $16.1 million.  

Capital Resources

We have not achieved profitability since our inception, and we expect to continue to incur net losses in the future. We also expect that our operating expenses will increase as we continue to increase our marketing efforts to drive adoption of our commercial products. Additionally, as a public company, we will incur significant audit, legal and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Our liquidity requirements have historically consisted, and we expect that they will continue to consist, of sales and marketing expenses, research and development expenses, working capital, debt service and general corporate expenses.

We believe that the net proceeds received from the IPO, together with our cash generated from commercial sales and our current cash and cash equivalents, including the proceeds from our recent financings, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating cash requirements for at least the next 15 months. We have based this belief on the following factors with respect to our anticipated operating cash requirements during the next 15 months:

• our expectation that our revenues during the next 15 months will be significantly higher than our historical revenues, due in part to the continued high rate of growth of instrument and consumables sales, which given our customers’ recurring consumables purchasing patterns and our growing installed base of instruments, is expected to continue;

• our expectation that our gross margins during the next 15 months will be significantly higher than our historical gross margins, due in part to our projection that a larger proportion of our total revenues will be derived from higher-margin consumables sales relative to instrument sales; and

• our expectation that our research and development expenses and certain general and administration expenses during the next 15 months will be lower, or will grow at a significantly reduced rate, relative to prior periods due in part to a reduction in personnel in late 2017 and a significant reduction in the number, size and scope of research projects and product development initiatives.

In the future, we expect our operating and capital expenditures to increase as we increase headcount, expand our sales and marketing activities and grow our customer base. Our estimates of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations and the costs to support research and development and our sales and marketing activities are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties and actual results could vary materially and negatively as a result of a number of factors, including the factors discussed in the section “Risk Factors” of the Prospectus. We have based our estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

• market acceptance of our products;

• the cost and timing of establishing additional sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

32

• the cost of our research and development activities; and

• the effect of competing technological and market developments.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional funds on acceptable terms, or at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity or equity-linked securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. Future debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting our operations or our ability to incur additional debt. Any debt or equity financing that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we do not have or are not able to obtain sufficient funds, we may have to reduce our commercialization efforts or delay our development of new products. We also may have to reduce marketing, customer support or other resources devoted to our products or cease operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules, and similarly did not and do not have any holdings in variable interest entities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There were no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information concerning recent accounting pronouncements.

ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of September 30, 2018, our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934). Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

33

Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based upon the evaluation described above, that as of September 30, 2018 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

34

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our final prospectus dated August 21, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on August 22, 2018, relating to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, originally filed with the SEC on June 28, 2018 (File No. 333-225970).

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds

On August 20, 2018, our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970) relating to the initial public offering of our common stock was declared effective by the SEC. In our initial public offering, we sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 million units (each unit consisting of one share of our common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit for gross proceeds of $23.7 million. After deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and all other offering costs incurred by us of $4.3 million, the net proceeds from the offering were $19.4 million. Roth Capital Partners served as the managing underwriter.  No offering costs were paid or are payable, directly or indirectly, to our directors or officers, to persons owning 10% or more of any class of our equity securities, or to any of our affiliates.

There has been no material change in the expected use of the net proceeds from our IPO as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on August 22, 2018 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Through the date hereof, we have used approximately $6.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering. Pending such uses, we plan to continue investing the unused proceeds from this offering in fixed, non-speculative income instruments.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Effective November 5, 2018, Han Cao, Ph.D. is no longer serving as our Chief Scientific Officer. 

35

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Description
3.1(1)	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
3.2(2)	Amended and Restated Bylaws.
4.1(3)	Form of Common Stock Certificate.
4.2(4)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series B Preferred Stock issued to Square 1 Bank.
4.3(5)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series B-1 Preferred Stock issued to Square 1 Bank.
4.4(6)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series B-1 Preferred Stock issued to investors.
4.5(7)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series D Preferred Stock issued to Western Alliance Bank.
4.6(8)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series D Preferred Stock issued to investors.
4.7(9)	Warrant to Purchase Series D-1 Preferred Stock issued to Western Alliance Bank.
4.8(10)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series D-1 Preferred Stock issued to Midcap Financial Trust.
4.9(11)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock issued to underwriters.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

⁽¹⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽²⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽³⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 17, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽⁴⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽⁵⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽⁶⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽⁷⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽⁸⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

36

⁽⁹⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽¹⁰⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.8 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 13, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

⁽¹¹⁾ Previously filed as Exhibit 4.9 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 17, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

* This certification is deemed not filed for purpose of section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

37

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.
Date: November 7, 2018	By: /s/ R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.
	R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.
	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 7, 2018	By: /s/ Mike Ward
	Mike Ward
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

38

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, R. Erik Holmlin, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Bionano Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this  report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2018

/s/ R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.

R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Mike Ward, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Bionano Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2018

/s/ Mike Ward

Mike Ward

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,R. Erik Holmlin, Chief Executive Officer of Bionano Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Mike Ward, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:

1.the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Periodic Report”), and to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

2.the information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated:     November 7, 2018
/s/ R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.	/s/ Mike Ward
R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.	Mike Ward
President and Chief Executive Officer	Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

This certification accompanies and is being “furnished” with this Periodic Report, shall not be deemed “filed” by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to liability under that Section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Periodic Report, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Nov. 02, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	BNGO
Entity Registrant Name	Bionano Genomics, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001411690
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,032,687

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 20,657,038	$ 1,021,897
Accounts receivable, net	4,000,924	3,352,214
Inventory	2,614,812	1,693,742
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,347,774	1,071,512
Total current assets	28,620,548	7,139,365
Property and equipment, net	2,049,256	3,005,788
Total assets	30,669,804	10,145,153
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,363,752	2,302,964
Accrued expenses	2,815,290	3,508,894
Deferred revenue	335,604	211,697
Preferred stock warrant liability	0	3,898,944
Current portion of long-term debt	0	6,729,752
Total current liabilities	5,514,646	16,652,251
Long-term debt, net of current portion	9,008,337	0
Long-term deferred revenue	144,602	142,929
Other non-current liabilities	767,197	567,047
Total liabilities	15,434,782	17,362,227
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)	0	0
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 and 243,160,120 shares authorized at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; 10,032,687 and 77,257 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	1,002	8
Additional paid-in capital	81,584,992	4,038,817
Accumulated deficit	(66,350,972)	(54,266,036)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	15,235,022	(50,227,211)
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	30,669,804	10,145,153
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	61,847
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	842,845
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	359,593
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	5,547,841
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	0	4,838,379
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Current liabilities:
Convertible preferred stock	$ 0	$ 31,359,632

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	243,160,120
Common stock, shares issued	10,032,687	77,257
Common stock, shares outstanding	10,032,687	77,257
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	418,767
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	345,587
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	345,587
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	8,101,042
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	8,058,170
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	8,058,170
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	7,523,734
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	3,437,950
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	3,437,950
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	23,357,047
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	23,357,047
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	23,357,047
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	52,835,720
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	20,652,486
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	20,652,486
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Convertible preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Convertible preferred stock, shares authorized	0	125,808,667
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued	0	66,141,257
Convertible preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	66,141,257

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Revenues:
Total revenue	$ 2,828,704	$ 2,743,056	$ 7,987,198	$ 6,659,920
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	3,068,332	1,690,223	5,723,211	4,534,340
Operating expense:
Research and development	2,505,137	2,967,073	6,962,696	9,551,687
Selling, general and administrative	3,224,075	3,116,922	9,617,814	10,553,348
Total operating expense	5,729,212	6,083,995	16,580,510	20,105,035
Loss from operations	(5,968,840)	(5,031,162)	(14,316,523)	(17,979,455)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(404,437)	(145,308)	(1,114,053)	(431,403)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	1,520,159	154,469	3,991,081	1,108,362
Other expense	(75,957)	(68,189)	(639,137)	(125,324)
Total other income (expense)	1,039,765	(59,028)	2,237,891	551,635
Loss before income taxes	(4,929,075)	(5,090,190)	(12,078,632)	(17,427,820)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	2,978	4,738	(6,304)	(17,620)
Net loss	$ (4,926,097)	$ (5,085,452)	$ (12,084,936)	$ (17,445,440)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$ (0.63)	$ (1.74)	$ (1.99)	$ (6.68)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted	7,778,605	2,920,839	6,079,285	2,609,863
Product Revenue
Revenues:
Total revenue	$ 2,700,162	$ 2,604,215	$ 7,618,407	$ 6,213,496
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	3,064,661	1,643,504	5,708,704	4,462,365
Other Revenue
Revenues:
Total revenue	128,542	138,841	368,791	446,424
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 3,671	$ 46,719	$ 14,507	$ 71,975

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($)	Total	Initial Public Offering	Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Common Stock	Common Stock Initial Public Offering	Common Stock Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital Initial Public Offering	Additional Paid-in Capital Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Accumulated Deficit	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock	Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	Series C Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock	Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ (27,258,972)			$ 7			$ 3,641,693			$ (30,900,672)
Convertible Preferred Stock (Shares), Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2016											345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		29,166,671
Convertible Preferred Stock, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2016											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 13,766,022
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2016				70,178
Issuance of convertible preferred stock																					$ 17,593,610
Issuance of convertible preferred stock, Shares																					36,974,586
Stock option exercises	14,295			$ 1			14,294
Stock option exercises, Shares				7,079
Stock-based compensation expense	382,830						382,830
Net loss	(23,365,364)									(23,365,364)
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	(50,227,211)			$ 8			4,038,817			(54,266,036)
Convertible Preferred Stock (Shares), Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017											345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		66,141,257
Convertible Preferred Stock, Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 31,359,632
Ending Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2017				77,257
Stock option exercises	3,499						3,499
Stock option exercises, Shares				1,856
IPO Units		$ 19,389,978			$ 386			$ 19,389,592
IPO Units, Shares					3,864,000
Conversion of preferred stock and convertible debt		$ 43,010,137	$ 14,898,327		$ 285	$ 323		$ 43,009,852	$ 14,898,004			$ (61,847)		$ (842,845)		$ (359,593)		$ (5,547,841)		$ (4,838,379)		$ (31,359,632)
Conversion of preferred stock and convertible debt Shares					2,850,280	3,239,294						(345,587)		(8,058,170)		(3,437,950)		(23,357,047)		(20,652,486)		(66,141,257)
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants	84,676						84,676
Stock-based compensation expense	160,551						160,551
Net loss	(12,084,936)									(12,084,936)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 15,235,022			$ 1,002			$ 81,584,992			$ (66,350,972)
Convertible Preferred Stock (Shares), Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2018											0		0		0		0		0		0
Ending Balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2018				10,032,687

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Stock issuance cost	$ 154,191

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating activities:
Net loss			$ (12,084,936)	$ (17,445,440)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 391,246	$ 240,551	1,169,801	964,932
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	(1,520,159)	(154,469)	(3,991,081)	(1,108,362)
Stock-based compensation			160,551	241,971
Provision for bad debt expense			(262,000)	0
Inventory write-off			1,287,000	364,437
Accretion of debt discount			121,984	66,241
Loss on debt extinguishment			342,164	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable			(386,710)	(692,637)
Inventory			(2,101,453)	(442,849)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			(276,263)	241,032
Accounts payable			60,788	320,184
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			106,476	(518,298)
Net cash used in operating activities			(15,853,679)	(18,008,789)
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment			(319,885)	(736,063)
Net used in investing activities			(319,885)	(736,063)
Financing activities:
Repayment of notes payable			(7,447,571)	0
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of offering costs			9,532,957	0
Proceeds from issuance of convertible note, net of offering costs			14,329,843	0
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock and warrants, net of offering costs			0	16,131,764
Proceeds from Initial Public Offering, net of offering costs			19,389,978	0
Proceeds from option exercises			3,499	1,500
Net cash provided by financing activities			35,808,706	16,133,264
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			19,635,142	(2,611,589)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			1,021,897	5,249,620	$ 5,249,620
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 20,657,038	$ 2,633,904	20,657,038	2,633,904	$ 1,021,897
Supplemental schedule on non-cash transactions:
Conversion of Convertible Note into Common Stock			14,898,326	0
Conversion of Preferred Stock warrants into Common Stock and Common Stock Warrants			84,676	0
Transfer of instruments to property and equipment from inventory			106,617	0
Fair value of warrants issued with debt classified as a liability			176,813	0
Final payment fee due in connection with the repayment of debt classified within other long-term liabilities			$ 400,000	$ 0

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Organization and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Bionano Genomics, Inc. (the “Company”) formed in January 2003 as BioNanomatrix LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. In August 2007, the Company became BioNanomatrix Inc., a Delaware corporation. In October 2011, the Company changed its name to BioNano Genomics, Inc., and in July 2018, it changed its name to Bionano Genomics, Inc.

The Company is a life sciences instrumentation company in the genome analysis space. The Company currently develops and markets the Saphyr system, a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics.

Initial Public Offering

In August 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”), in which it sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit, which included the sale of 504,000 units pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.   The Company received net cash proceeds of $19.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

In addition, each of the following occurred in connection with the completion of the IPO in August 2018:

• The conversion of all outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock into an aggregate 2,850,280 shares of common stock.

• The automatic adjustment of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants; the entire $84,676 balance of preferred stock warrant liability was reclassified as additional paid-in-capital.  In addition, the Company issued warrants to the IPO underwriters to purchase up to 115,920 shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.4 million.

• The conversion of an aggregate of $14.9 million of outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest into an aggregate of 3,239,294 shares of common stock.

Each unit offered in the IPO consisted of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share common stock. Each warrant to purchase common stock contained in the unit entitled the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $6.125 per share (100% of the offering price per unit), subject to adjustment. The warrants and shares of common stock traded together as units for 30 days following the IPO.  After 30 days of trading, the units automatically separated and the common stock and warrants began trading separately.  

The units, common stock, and warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbols “BNGOU,” “BNGO” and “BNGOW,” respectively.

Reverse Stock Splits

  On July 16, 2018, the Company effected a one-for-21.4 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, and on August 15, 2018, the Company effected an additional one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect these reverse stock splits and adjustments of the preferred stock conversion ratios.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the Company’s final prospectus dated August 21, 2018 included in its Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report have been prepared on the same basis as the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and statement of convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, presented herein, has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year-ended December 31, 2017.  The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, subtotal categories for cost of revenue and operating expenses have been inserted.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of each customer’s credit history, financial condition, and other factors. Estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due, and economic and other factors. Bad debt expense is recorded as necessary to maintain an appropriate level of allowance for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expense.

The following table reflects the activity related to the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	4,000,924	$	3,614,214
Provision		—		(262,000	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,000,924	$	3,352,214

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, Ultravision Technology Ltd. represented 16% and 21% and BioStar Company represented 0% and 15%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory includes raw materials and finished goods that may be used in the research and development process and such items are expensed as consumed or expired. Provisions for slow-moving, excess, and obsolete inventories are estimated based on product life cycles, historical experience, and usage forecasts.

The components of inventories are as follows (unaudited):

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Materials and supplies	$	242,783	$	203,085
Finished Goods		2,372,029		1,490,657
Total	$	2,614,812	$	1,693,742

During the year ended December 31, 2017, in connection with the market launch of the Company’s next generation product, the Saphyr system, the Company determined that its first generation Irys instruments on hand had net realizable values below carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $0.4 million included in cost of product revenue to write-down these instruments to net realizable value of $1.3 million.

After considering the weight of evidence that accumulated during the three months ended September 2018, including the strategic shift towards minimal selling efforts of the Irys instruments, the Company determined that the Irys instruments on hand had net realizable values below their carrying value.  Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $1.3 million included in cost of product revenue to write-down these instruments to $0 net realizable value.  

Revenue Recognition

Product Revenue

Product revenue represents the sale of the Company’s instruments and consumables to third parties. Timing of revenue recognition on instrument sales is based upon when delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.

The majority of the Company’s instruments contain embedded operating systems and other software which is included in the purchase price of the instrument. The software is deemed incidental to the system as a whole as it is not sold or marketed separately and its production costs are minor compared to those of the hardware system. Hardware and software elements are both delivered when ownership is transferred to the customer. Hardware upgrades, which are made available to customers for purchase, are recognized as revenue when delivered and all revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

Installation services for direct sale customers are performed at the same time or shortly after the product is delivered and require only a minimal effort to complete. The Company believes installation is a perfunctory service and is not material to its obligations in the contract.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes revenue from extended service contracts and other services that may be performed. Revenue for extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the service period. Revenue for other services is generally recognized based on proportional performance of the contract, when the Company’s ability to complete project requirements is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for on-going service arrangements. Most of these services are completed in a short period of time from the receipt of the customer’s order. When significant risk exists in the Company’s ability to fulfill project requirements, revenue is recognized upon completion of the contract.

Multiple Element Arrangements

The Company regularly enters into contracts where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables, including products or services. These contracts typically include an instrument, consumables, and extended service contracts. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the individual units of accounting determined to exist in the contract. A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Items are considered to have stand-alone value when they are sold separately by any vendor or when the customer could resell the item on a stand-alone basis.

For transactions with multiple deliverables, consideration is allocated at the inception of the contract to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence exists, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price using average selling prices over an appropriate period coupled with an assessment of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company considers its approved standard prices adjusted for applicable discounts.

In order to establish VSOE of selling price, the Company must regularly sell the product or service on a standalone basis with a substantial majority priced within a relatively narrow range. In cases where there is not a sufficient number of standalone sales and VSOE of selling price cannot be determined, then the Company utilizes third-party evidence to establish selling price.

Distributor Transactions

In certain markets, the Company sells products and provides services to customers through distributors that specialize in life sciences products. In cases where the product is delivered to a distributor, revenue recognition generally occurs when title transfers to the distributor. The terms of sales transactions through distributors are generally consistent with the terms of direct sales to customers and do not contain return rights. Distributor sales transactions typically differ from direct customer sales as they do not require the Company’s services to install the instrument at the end customer or perform the services for the customer that are beyond the standard warranty in the first year following the sale. These transactions are accounted for in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy described herein.

Offering Costs

The offering costs associated with the IPO consist of legal, accounting and filing fees. The Company had $4,659,369 of IPO costs as of September 30, 2018. These costs have been recorded as a reduction of the gross proceeds from the IPO in stockholder’s equity. Included in these costs is the fair value, valued at $382,347 as of the date of the IPO, of warrants to purchase 115,290 shares of common stock issued to the underwriters as partial compensation for services retendered in connection with the IPO. The warrants are exercisable for common stock at a price of $9.1875 per share at any time beginning on August 20, 2019 through and including August 20, 2023, the expiration date.

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

The Company previously accounted for outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock as liabilities in the balance sheets under preferred stock warrant liability. The convertible preferred stock warrants were subject to remeasurement at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded as change in fair value of warrants and expirations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the IPO, all outstanding warrants previously exercisable for shares of preferred stock either expired or were adjusted to exercisable for shares of common stock.  As of September 30, 2018, there were no outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock due to this adjustment.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company and its chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include outstanding stock options under the Company’s equity incentive plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares) (unaudited):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Common Stock Options		415,137		420,678		415,137		420,678
Warrants		4,015,013		855,206		4,015,013		855,206
Total		4,430,150		1,275,884		4,430,150		1,275,884

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On April 5, 2012, the Jump-Start Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an emerging growth company. As an emerging growth company, the Company may elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards when they become effective for non-public companies, which typically is later than when public companies must adopt the standards. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act and, as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for emerging growth companies, which are the dates included below.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 completes the joint effort by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-09 applies to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has evaluated this new guidance and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” The new topic supersedes Topic 840, “Leases,” and increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior period. The Company anticipates implementing the standard by taking advantage of the alternative transition method and will apply the transition approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption and will not be restating comparative periods.  The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on the financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01). This guidance changes how entities measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method. Entities will be required to measure these investments at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in fair value in net income. A practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values, however; the exception requires the Company to consider relevant transactions that can be reasonably known to identify any observable price changes that would impact the fair value. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current GAAP. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2019 and for interim periods effective the three months ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016-01 and has not yet determined whether the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods reporting within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial statements.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

3. Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

			Fair Value Measurement Using
	September 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	20,657,038	$	20,657,038	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	20,657,038	$	20,657,038	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Preferred stock warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Preferred stock warrant liability	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944
Total liabilities	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944

As discussed in Note 2 above, there were no warrants exercisable for the Company’s convertible preferred stock following the closing of the IPO. Of the 37.2 million warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock, 35.7 million warrants expired on the effective date of the IPO.  The remaining 1.5 million warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock were adjusted to become exercisable for common stock. Prior to the IPO, the Company estimated fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants at the time of issuance and subsequent remeasurement using the Black-Scholes-Merton model at each reporting date.  On the date of the IPO and going forward, all outstanding warrants are accounted for as equity and are not subject to remeasurement.

Estimating fair values of derivative financial instruments, including Level 3 instruments, require the use of significant and subjective inputs that may, and are likely to, change over the duration of the instrument with related changes in internal and external market factors, including changes in the estimated fair value of the Company’s equity securities.

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

	Warrant Liability
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	4,650,877
Expiration of Series A warrants		(1,424	)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants		(750,509	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		3,898,944
Issuance of warrants in connection with debt    (unaudited)		176,813
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants    (unaudited)		(3,991,081	)
Conversion of preferred stock warrants to common    stock warrants due to IPO (unaudited)		(84,676	)
Balance at September 30, 2018 (unaudited)	$	—

The warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock were valued at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. This valuation includes observable inputs such as risk-free rate, as well as unobservable inputs for assumed volatility, the expected life of the warrants, and the fair value of the underlying convertible preferred stock. Quantitative information relating to unobservable inputs is disclosed below:

	December 31, 2017
Risk-free interest rate		1.75	%
Volatility		54.60	%
Expected life (in years)		0.6
Dividend Yield		—
Fair value of Series A preferred stock	$	0.66
Fair value of Series B-1 preferred stock	$	0.36
Fair value of Series D preferred stock	$	0.48
Fair value of Series D-1 preferred stock	$	0.48

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Prepaid Expense And Other Assets Current [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses And Other Current Assets

4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Prepayment to supplier	$	249,071	$	492,330
Other current assets		1,098,703		579,182
Total	$	1,347,774	$	1,071,512

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Property and Equipment, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, net

5. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Computer and office equipment	$	476,402		$	476,402
Lab equipment		4,156,519			3,995,731
Service equipment placed at customer sites		594,553			594,553
Leasehold improvements		1,860,667			1,860,667
		7,088,141			6,927,353
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(5,038,885	)		(3,921,565	)
	$	2,049,256		$	3,005,788

The Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense of $391,246 and $240,551 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $1,169,801 and $964,932 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively in operating expenses.

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Accrued Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accrued Liabilities Current [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

6. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued expenses	$	2,185,354	$	2,596,137
Accrued bonus		629,936		912,757
Total	$	2,815,290	$	3,508,894

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

7. Long-Term Debt

Western Alliance LSA

On March 8, 2016, the Company entered into a new term Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank (the “Western Alliance LSA”) for $7.0 million. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $5.0 million loan with Square 1 Bank, as required by the twelfth amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement with Square 1 Bank.

The Company paid debt issuance costs and a facility fee totaling $113,542 at the inception of the loan, which was recorded as a debt discount and was being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company was required to pay an end of term charge equal to 3.25% of the total amount borrowed. Accordingly, an end of term charge of $227,500 was recorded as debt discount and was included on the balance sheet under current liabilities as December 31, 2017. The end of term charge was being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan.

Additionally, in conjunction with the entry into Western Alliance LSA, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 510,417 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock of $65,384 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 11,925 shares of common stock for $20.54 per share.  The warrants expire on March 8, 2026.

On December 9, 2016, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, in conjunction with this amendment, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 291,667 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $34,300 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 6,814 shares of common stock for $20.55 per share.  The warrants expire on Dec 9, 2026.  

On November 20, 2017, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, in conjunction with this amendment, the Company agreed to pay an amendment fee of $17,500, which was payable on the earliest to occur of the loan maturity date or the prepayment date. The amount was recorded as a debt discount on the balance sheet and was being recognized as additional interest expense over the remaining term of the loan.

The Company received a notice of default from Western Alliance Bank notifying the Company that as of December 31, 2017 it was in default, as it had failed to secure at least $15.0 million from the sale or issuance of its equity securities or subordinated debt as set forth in the amended Western Alliance LSA. Based on the notice of default the Company reclassified the total loan balance of $6.7 million to current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, as the loan could be called at any time by Western Alliance Bank.

In February 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended requiring the Company to secure $21,000,000 in funding prior to June 30, 2018. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank agreed to forbear from exercising any of its default remedies set forth in the Western Alliance LSA as a result of the Company’s loan default.

On June 13, 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, replacing previously amended funding requirements and requiring the Company to secure $5.0 million in funding prior to August 3, 2018. Additionally, the amendment restricted Company use of all cash collected from customers, received on and after amendment date, until collecting a total of $2.5 million. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Back waived the existing default.

One June 29, 2018, the Company repaid the Western Alliance LSA as part of the MidCap Financial Credit and Security Agreement discussed below.

MidCap Financial CSA

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (CSA) with MidCap Financial Trust which provides a $15.0 million term loan facility available in three tranches, Tranche 1: $10.0 million, Tranche 2: $2.5 million, and Tranche 3: $2.5 million. The Company borrowed $10.0 million from Tranche 1 immediately upon closing the agreement; Tranches 2 and 3 are available to draw from after achieving $12.5 million and $16.0 million in trailing twelve month revenue, respectively. Proceeds from the loan were used to repay the outstanding $7.0 million due to Western Alliance LSA.

The MidCap Financial CSA bears interest at an annual rate of one month LIBOR plus 7.5%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.5%. The loan has a 60-month term, with interest only for the first 18 months and straight-line amortization of principal and interest for the remaining 42 months.The CSA is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and matures on July 1, 2023.

The Company paid issuance fees of approximately $0.3 million at the inception of the loan, which was recorded as a debt discount and is being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. Subject to certain limited exceptions, amounts prepaid in relation to the MidCap Financial CSA are subject to a prepayment fee determined by multiplying the amount being prepaid by 4% in the first year of the term, 3% in year two, and 2% thereafter. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company will be required to pay an end of term charge equal to 4% of the total amount borrowed. Accordingly, an end of term charge of $0.4 million was recorded as debt discount and is included in other long-term liabilities on the balance sheet as of September 30, 2018. The end of term charge is being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan.

In conjunction with entering into the MidCap Financial CSA, the Company issued to MidCap a warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share that was immediately exercisable and expires June 29, 2028. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $0.2 million was recorded as a debt discount and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. The assumptions used in the model were: the fair value of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, which was determined using an OPM analysis (see Note 3), an expected life of 10 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.83% and an expected volatility of 59%. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 14,603 shares of common stock for $20.55.  The warrants expire on June 29, 2028.

In addition, MidCap invested $1.0 million in the convertible note offering at terms identical to other investors described in the Convertible Notes section below.

Convertible Notes

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) with various investors, which included related parties (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Investors convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”) in the original principal amount of up to $16.0 million. On April 2, 2018, the Company amended the Note Purchase Agreement to, among other things, increase the principal amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to $18.4 million. The Convertible Notes had a maturity date of September 30, 2018 and were convertible either into the Company’s common stock or convertible preferred stock, dependent on the conversion events.

On June 29, 2018, the Note Purchase Agreement was amended to increase the principal amount available for issuance from $18.4 million to $19.4 million.

In August 2018, the outstanding convertible promissory notes of $14.9 million of principal and interest were converted into 3,239,294 shares of common stock upon completion of the IPO.  As of September 30, 2018, there are no convertible notes outstanding.

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the Western Alliance LSA are as follows:

	December 31, 2017
Term loan face value	$	7,000,000
Fair value of warrant		(99,684	)
End of term charge		(227,500	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs		(131,042	)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge		148,225
Accretion of warrant fair value		39,753
Balance		6,729,752
Less current portion		6,729,752
Long-term debt	$	—

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows:

	September 30, 2018
Term loan face value	$	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant		(176,813	)
End of term charge		(400,000	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs		(467,044	)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge		43,352
Accretion of warrant fair value		8,842
Balance		9,008,337
Less current portion		—
Long-term debt	$	9,008,337

Non-cash interest expense related to debt discount amortization and accretion of end of term fees was $52,194 and  $21,558, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and $121,984 and $66,241 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Future minimum payments including interest under the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows as of September 30, 2018:

Years ending December 31,
2018	$	243,900
2019		975,600
2020		3,704,986
2021		3,426,243
2022-2023		5,016,721
Total minimum loan payments	$	13,367,450
Unamortized interest		(2,967,450	)
End of term charge		(400,000	)
Warrant fair value		(167,972	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge		(823,691	)
Term loan		9,008,337
Less current portion		—
Long-term debt	$	9,008,337

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Stockholders' Deficit

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Deficit

8. Stockholders’ Deficit

Common Stock

On August 23, 2018, the Company amended and restated its Certificate of Incorporation in connection with the IPO. The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, all of which shares of preferred stock are undesignated. Of the 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, 10,032,687 shares were issued as of September 30, 2018.

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the company issued 1,068 and 1,168 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $1,116 and $1,500, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the company issued 1,856 and 1,168 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $3,499 and $1,500, respectively.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Conversion of all outstanding Preferred Stock to Common Stock

In August 2018, due to completion of a public offering meeting certain requires (as defined below), each 42.8 shares of Series Preferred was converted into one share of common stock at a Conversion Price of $1.3995 for each share of Series A, B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock and $0.48 for each share of Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock. Prior to the August 2018 offering, there were 121,992,497 shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding. The Company’s convertible preferred stock had been classified as temporary equity on the accompanying balance sheets in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities. As of September 30, 2018, there are no shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding.

The following sets forth information regarding all convertible preferred stock securities sold since January 1, 2017:

Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Financing

From February through November 2017, the Company sold and issued 36,974,586 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at $0.48 per share, raising approximately $17,750,000, net of issuance costs of $154,191. At any time after December 31, 2021, holders of a majority of the then outstanding Series D-1 convertible preferred stock may redeem any unconverted or unredeemed Series D-1 convertible preferred stock in cash at the greater of the original convertible preferred stock purchase price plus all declared but unpaid dividends or the fair market value. The Company had determined not to adjust the carrying values of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock to the liquidation preferences of such shares because of the uncertainty over whether or when such an event would occur. The Company had determined that it was not probable that such redemption would occur as a mandatory conversion event, the close of the public offering, was expected in advance of the redemption triggers.

Convertible Preferred Stock

The Series A, B, B-1, C, D and D-1 convertible preferred stock (collectively, the “Series Preferred”) had the following rights and privileges immediately prior to conversion to common stock in connection with the public offering:

Voting rights

Series Preferred stockholders were entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of common stock into which the convertible preferred stock was convertible.

Conversion

Each 42.8 shares of Series Preferred was convertible, at any time, into one share of common stock at the then-applicable Conversion Price (as defined below). The Series Preferred was automatically converted into common stock, at the then-applicable Conversion Price, upon (a) the vote or consent of 66-2/3% of the outstanding shares of Series Preferred or (b) upon the closing of the sale to the public of either shares of common stock or units comprised of shares of common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock (i) in which the price per share paid by the public (prior to the deduction of underwriting discounts and registration expenses) was no less than $6.00 per share, or to the extent units are sold in such offering, no less than $6.00 per unit (in each case as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to shares of common stock effectuated after August 15, 2018), in each case in the initial closing of the such offering, and (ii) resulting in at least $15,000,000 in gross proceeds to the company (prior to the deduction of underwriting discounts and registration expenses), in a firm-commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Conversion Price was initially $1.3995 for each share of Series A, B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock and $0.48 for each share of Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Conversion Price was subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

Dividends

Holders of the Series Preferred were entitled to receive cash dividends at the rate of 8% of the applicable Original Issue Price (as defined below) per annum, on a non-cumulative basis, on each outstanding share of Series Preferred. The Company could not declare any dividends on any shares of Series Preferred other than shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock unless the holders of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock then outstanding first receive, or simultaneously receive, full payment of a dividend. The Original Issue Price was $2.733 per share for the Series A convertible preferred stock, $1.3995 per share for the Series B convertible preferred stock, $1.3995 per share for the Series B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 per share for the Series C convertible preferred stock, $0.48 per share for the Series D convertible preferred stock and $0.48 per share for the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, each subject to adjustment in the event of any reorganization, stock split, recapitalization or other similar event involving or affecting a change in the Company’s capital structure.

Liquidation Preferences

In the event of liquidation or winding up of the Company, (i) the holders of the Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of, Series C convertible preferred stock, Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, Series A convertible preferred stock and common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference (as defined below); (ii) the holders of the Series C convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, Series A convertible preferred stock, and common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference; and (iii) the holders of Series B and B-1 convertible preferred stock and the holders of Series A convertible preferred stock, on a pari passu basis, were entitled to receive, prior to and in preference to any payment or distribution to the holders of common stock, a per-share amount equal to the applicable Liquidation Preference. The Liquidation Preference was calculated as follows: (i) when the Company was valued at $91 million or below, the Liquidation Preference was equal to the applicable Original Issue Price for such shares plus the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends and (ii) when the company was valued greater than $91 million, the Liquidation Preference was equal to the applicable Original Issue Price for such shares plus the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends, with the first $10 million of proceeds above $91 million distributed to the holders of the Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock on a pro rata basis ((i) and (ii) together, “Liquidation Preference”).

Stock Options

In August 2018, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) and its stockholders adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), as a successor to and continuation of the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”). Under the 2018 Plan the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other awards to individuals who are then its employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of its affiliates. The Company has initially reserved 1,499,454 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2018 Plan, which is the sum of (1) 1,000,000 new shares, plus (2) the number of shares that remained available for issuance under the 2006 Plan at the time the 2018 Plan became effective, and (3) any shares subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards that were granted under the 2006 Plan that would have otherwise returned to the 2006 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, starting on January 1, 2019 through January 1, 2028, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of each automatic increase, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Board.

As of September 30, 2018, there were 415,137 shares of common stock subject to outstanding options and 1,084,285 shares of common stock reserved for future stock awards under the 2018 Plan.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2018		436,341		$	5.14		9.0	$	—
Granted (unaudited)		385			6.00				—
Exercised (unaudited)		(1,856	)		1.28			$	4,571
Cancelled/Expired (unaudited)		(19,733	)		9.65				—
Outstanding at September 30, 2018 (unaudited)		415,137		$	4.99		8.2	$	2,589,204
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2018    (unaudited)		399,705		$	5.14		8.2	$	2,487,288
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2018    (unaudited)		261,487		$	6.73		8.1	$	1,580,698

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted to its employee’s options to purchase no shares and 17,769 shares of its common stock with an exercise price of $1.28 per share, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted to its employee’s options to purchase 385 shares and 422,706 shares of its common stock with an exercise price of $6.00 per share and $1.28 per share, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the total grant date fair value of vested options was $50,584 and $60,515, respectively. The Company did not grant employee options during the three months ended September 30, 2018; the weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants during the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $0.67.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the total grant date fair value of vested options was $161,897 and $232,915, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2.99 and $0.66, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense offor the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018			2017
Research and development	$	43,363	$	18,564	$		131,900	$	162,420
General and administrative		9,762		5,561			28,651		79,551
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	53,125	$	24,125	$		160,551	$	241,971

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee stock option grants were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
Risk-free interest rate		—		1.8	%		2.5	%		2.5	%
Expected volatility		—		58.0	%		63.0	%		58.0	%
Expected term (in years)		—	5.3				4.0		5.1 - 5.3
Expected dividend yield		—		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%

Risk-free interest rate. The risk-free rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments, the terms of which were consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Expected volatility. Due to the Company’s limited operating history and lack of company-specific historical or implied volatility as a private company, the expected volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities of a group of industry peers whose share prices are publicly available.

Expected term. The expected term of stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to be outstanding. The Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time its equity shares have been publicly traded.  As a result, the Company uses the simplified method for estimating the expected term as provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options.  

Expected dividend yield. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not intend to pay dividends.

Forfeitures. The Company reduces stock-based compensation expense for actual forfeitures during the period.

As of September 30, 2018 the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options was $132,726 and is expected to be recognized as expense over approximately 1.1 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2018, the Board and the Company’s stockholders adopted the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). A total of 175,000 shares of common stock are initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase each on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2019, through January 1, 2028, by the lesser of (1) 1% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase, (2) 220,000 shares, or (3) a lesser number of shares as determined by the Board. As of September 30, 2018, no shares of common stock have been purchased under the ESPP.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consist of the following:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Stock options issued and outstanding		415,137
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or    employee stock purchase program		1,259,285
Common Warrants		4,015,013
Total		5,689,435

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Commitment and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases certain office and lab space in San Diego, California under a non-cancelable operating lease, which was amended July 1, 2015 to add laboratory space and office space and extend its terms through December 2020. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $147,522 each period, including the offset for amortization of leasehold incentive obligation of $56,263 each period.   Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $442,566 each period, including the offset for amortization of leasehold incentive obligation of$168,789 each period.

The future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2018, are summarized as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
2018 (3 months remaining)	$	206,721
2019		862,656
2020		902,412
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,971,789

Royalty Agreements

The Company has entered into agreements to market and distribute chips and kits used in its instruments. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company is obligated to pay royalties based on sales during each annual license period and is obligated to make minimum payments regardless of the level of sales achieved. The Company has paid $76,846 and $75,960 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $295,246 and $235,455 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Such royalty agreements extend through the life of underlying intellectual property which is affected by patent filing date and jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2017, annual future minimum royalty payments under the Company’s royalty agreements total $70,000, on a continuing basis, and extend through November 29, 2026.

Purchase Commitments

The Company has a contractual commitment with a supplier to purchase $100,000 of products each quarter until the first quarter of 2019. The Company is not able to determine the aggregate amount of other such purchase orders that represent contractual obligations, as purchase orders may represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. The Company’s purchase orders are based on its current procurement or development needs and are fulfilled by the Company’s vendors within short time horizons.

Litigation

The Company is subject to potential liabilities under various claims and legal actions that are pending or may be asserted. These matters arise in the ordinary course and conduct of the business. The Company intends to continue to defend itself vigorously in such matters. The Company regularly assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in the financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on the Company’s assessment, it currently does not have any amount accrued as it is not a defendant in any claims or legal actions.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

10. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, United Kingdom and various state jurisdictions. The Company computes its quarterly income tax provision by using a forecasted annual effective tax rate and adjusts for any discrete items arising during the quarter. The primary difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate relates to the full valuation allowance on the Company's U.S. net operating losses.

At September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively the provision for income taxes reflected on the statements of operations reflect an effective tax rate of -0.06% and -0.10% respectively.  

Federal, state, and foreign income tax expense/(benefit) was $(2,978) and $(4,738) for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 respectively; and $6,304 and $17,620 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, management assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and evaluated the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis. This evaluation utilizes the framework contained in ASC 740, Income Taxes, wherein management analyzes all positive and negative evidence available at the balance sheet date to determine whether all or some portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. Under this guidance, a valuation allowance must be established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not (a probability level of more than 50 percent) that they will not be realized.  Because of our history of losses and the uncertainty as to the realization of those deferred tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been recognized for the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions.

Utilization of the net operating losses and research and development (“R&D”) credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to ownership change limitations that have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as well as similar state and foreign provisions. These ownership changes may limit the amount of net operating losses and R&D credit carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382 of the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders.

During 2013, the Company completed a Section 382/383 analysis, from inception through December 31, 2012, regarding the limitation of the net operating losses and R&D credits. Based upon the analysis, the Company determined that no ownership changes occurred during that period. However, there may have been ownership changes subsequent to December 31, 2012, that could limit the Company’s ability to utilize the net operating loss and R&D credit carryforwards. The Company plans to complete an analysis prior to using any of the net operating losses and R&D credits.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) was issued to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (The “Act”). In accordance with SAB 118, the Company’s provisional determination is that there is no deferred tax benefit or expense with respect to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets. The Company did not record any adjustments to this provisional amount during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and will continue to analyze and refine its calculations related to the remeasurement as the impact of the Act is finalized.

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Employee Benefits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Employee Benefits

11. Employee Benefits

The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan available to eligible employees. Under the terms of the plan, employees may make voluntary contributions as a percent of compensation, limited to the maximum amount allowable under federal tax regulations. The Company, at its discretion, may make certain contributions to the 401(k) plan. The Company made matching contributions of $78,020 and $97,414, and, $211,185 and $334,988, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Initial Public Offering

Initial Public Offering

In August 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”), in which it sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit, which included the sale of 504,000 units pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.   The Company received net cash proceeds of $19.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

In addition, each of the following occurred in connection with the completion of the IPO in August 2018:

• The conversion of all outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock into an aggregate 2,850,280 shares of common stock.

• The automatic adjustment of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants; the entire $84,676 balance of preferred stock warrant liability was reclassified as additional paid-in-capital.  In addition, the Company issued warrants to the IPO underwriters to purchase up to 115,920 shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.4 million.

• The conversion of an aggregate of $14.9 million of outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest into an aggregate of 3,239,294 shares of common stock.

Each unit offered in the IPO consisted of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share common stock. Each warrant to purchase common stock contained in the unit entitled the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $6.125 per share (100% of the offering price per unit), subject to adjustment. The warrants and shares of common stock traded together as units for 30 days following the IPO.  After 30 days of trading, the units automatically separated and the common stock and warrants began trading separately.  

The units, common stock, and warrants are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbols “BNGOU,” “BNGO” and “BNGOW,” respectively.

Reverse Stock-Splits

Reverse Stock Splits

  On July 16, 2018, the Company effected a one-for-21.4 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, and on August 15, 2018, the Company effected an additional one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect these reverse stock splits and adjustments of the preferred stock conversion ratios.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the Company’s final prospectus dated August 21, 2018 included in its Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report have been prepared on the same basis as the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and statement of convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, presented herein, has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year-ended December 31, 2017.  The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expense, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, subtotal categories for cost of revenue and operating expenses have been inserted.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of each customer’s credit history, financial condition, and other factors. Estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due, and economic and other factors. Bad debt expense is recorded as necessary to maintain an appropriate level of allowance for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expense.

The following table reflects the activity related to the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	4,000,924	$	3,614,214
Provision		—		(262,000	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,000,924	$	3,352,214

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, Ultravision Technology Ltd. represented 16% and 21% and BioStar Company represented 0% and 15%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory includes raw materials and finished goods that may be used in the research and development process and such items are expensed as consumed or expired. Provisions for slow-moving, excess, and obsolete inventories are estimated based on product life cycles, historical experience, and usage forecasts.

The components of inventories are as follows (unaudited):

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Materials and supplies	$	242,783	$	203,085
Finished Goods		2,372,029		1,490,657
Total	$	2,614,812	$	1,693,742

During the year ended December 31, 2017, in connection with the market launch of the Company’s next generation product, the Saphyr system, the Company determined that its first generation Irys instruments on hand had net realizable values below carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $0.4 million included in cost of product revenue to write-down these instruments to net realizable value of $1.3 million.

After considering the weight of evidence that accumulated during the three months ended September 2018, including the strategic shift towards minimal selling efforts of the Irys instruments, the Company determined that the Irys instruments on hand had net realizable values below their carrying value.  Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $1.3 million included in cost of product revenue to write-down these instruments to $0 net realizable value.  

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Product Revenue

Product revenue represents the sale of the Company’s instruments and consumables to third parties. Timing of revenue recognition on instrument sales is based upon when delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.

The majority of the Company’s instruments contain embedded operating systems and other software which is included in the purchase price of the instrument. The software is deemed incidental to the system as a whole as it is not sold or marketed separately and its production costs are minor compared to those of the hardware system. Hardware and software elements are both delivered when ownership is transferred to the customer. Hardware upgrades, which are made available to customers for purchase, are recognized as revenue when delivered and all revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

Installation services for direct sale customers are performed at the same time or shortly after the product is delivered and require only a minimal effort to complete. The Company believes installation is a perfunctory service and is not material to its obligations in the contract.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes revenue from extended service contracts and other services that may be performed. Revenue for extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the service period. Revenue for other services is generally recognized based on proportional performance of the contract, when the Company’s ability to complete project requirements is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for on-going service arrangements. Most of these services are completed in a short period of time from the receipt of the customer’s order. When significant risk exists in the Company’s ability to fulfill project requirements, revenue is recognized upon completion of the contract.

Multiple Element Arrangements

The Company regularly enters into contracts where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables, including products or services. These contracts typically include an instrument, consumables, and extended service contracts. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the individual units of accounting determined to exist in the contract. A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Items are considered to have stand-alone value when they are sold separately by any vendor or when the customer could resell the item on a stand-alone basis.

For transactions with multiple deliverables, consideration is allocated at the inception of the contract to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence exists, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price using average selling prices over an appropriate period coupled with an assessment of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company considers its approved standard prices adjusted for applicable discounts.

In order to establish VSOE of selling price, the Company must regularly sell the product or service on a standalone basis with a substantial majority priced within a relatively narrow range. In cases where there is not a sufficient number of standalone sales and VSOE of selling price cannot be determined, then the Company utilizes third-party evidence to establish selling price.

Distributor Transactions

In certain markets, the Company sells products and provides services to customers through distributors that specialize in life sciences products. In cases where the product is delivered to a distributor, revenue recognition generally occurs when title transfers to the distributor. The terms of sales transactions through distributors are generally consistent with the terms of direct sales to customers and do not contain return rights. Distributor sales transactions typically differ from direct customer sales as they do not require the Company’s services to install the instrument at the end customer or perform the services for the customer that are beyond the standard warranty in the first year following the sale. These transactions are accounted for in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy described herein.

Offering Costs

Offering Costs

The offering costs associated with the IPO consist of legal, accounting and filing fees. The Company had $4,659,369 of IPO costs as of September 30, 2018. These costs have been recorded as a reduction of the gross proceeds from the IPO in stockholder’s equity. Included in these costs is the fair value, valued at $382,347 as of the date of the IPO, of warrants to purchase 115,290 shares of common stock issued to the underwriters as partial compensation for services retendered in connection with the IPO. The warrants are exercisable for common stock at a price of $9.1875 per share at any time beginning on August 20, 2019 through and including August 20, 2023, the expiration date.

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants

The Company previously accounted for outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock as liabilities in the balance sheets under preferred stock warrant liability. The convertible preferred stock warrants were subject to remeasurement at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded as change in fair value of warrants and expirations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the IPO, all outstanding warrants previously exercisable for shares of preferred stock either expired or were adjusted to exercisable for shares of common stock.  As of September 30, 2018, there were no outstanding warrants to purchase shares of convertible preferred stock due to this adjustment.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company and its chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include outstanding stock options under the Company’s equity incentive plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares) (unaudited):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Common Stock Options		415,137		420,678		415,137		420,678
Warrants		4,015,013		855,206		4,015,013		855,206
Total		4,430,150		1,275,884		4,430,150		1,275,884

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On April 5, 2012, the Jump-Start Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an emerging growth company. As an emerging growth company, the Company may elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards when they become effective for non-public companies, which typically is later than when public companies must adopt the standards. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act and, as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for emerging growth companies, which are the dates included below.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 completes the joint effort by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-09 applies to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has evaluated this new guidance and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” The new topic supersedes Topic 840, “Leases,” and increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2016-02 mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior period. The Company anticipates implementing the standard by taking advantage of the alternative transition method and will apply the transition approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption and will not be restating comparative periods.  The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on the financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01). This guidance changes how entities measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method. Entities will be required to measure these investments at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in fair value in net income. A practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values, however; the exception requires the Company to consider relevant transactions that can be reasonably known to identify any observable price changes that would impact the fair value. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current GAAP. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2019 and for interim periods effective the three months ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016-01 and has not yet determined whether the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods reporting within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The following table reflects the activity related to the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	4,000,924	$	3,614,214
Provision		—		(262,000	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	4,000,924	$	3,352,214

Schedule of Components of Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows (unaudited):

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Materials and supplies	$	242,783	$	203,085
Finished Goods		2,372,029		1,490,657
Total	$	2,614,812	$	1,693,742

Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities not Included in Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares) (unaudited):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Common Stock Options		415,137		420,678		415,137		420,678
Warrants		4,015,013		855,206		4,015,013		855,206
Total		4,430,150		1,275,884		4,430,150		1,275,884

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Assets And Liabilities

			Fair Value Measurement Using
	September 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	20,657,038	$	20,657,038	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	20,657,038	$	20,657,038	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Preferred stock warrant liability	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	1,021,897	$	1,021,897	$	—	$	—
Liabilities
Preferred stock warrant liability	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944
Total liabilities	$	3,898,944	$	—	$	—	$	3,898,944

Summary of Changes In Level 3 Liabilities

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

	Warrant Liability
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	4,650,877
Expiration of Series A warrants		(1,424	)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants		(750,509	)
Balance at December 31, 2017		3,898,944
Issuance of warrants in connection with debt    (unaudited)		176,813
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants    (unaudited)		(3,991,081	)
Conversion of preferred stock warrants to common    stock warrants due to IPO (unaudited)		(84,676	)
Balance at September 30, 2018 (unaudited)	$	—

Summary of Quantitative Information Relating to Unobservable Inputs

The warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock were valued at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. This valuation includes observable inputs such as risk-free rate, as well as unobservable inputs for assumed volatility, the expected life of the warrants, and the fair value of the underlying convertible preferred stock. Quantitative information relating to unobservable inputs is disclosed below:

	December 31, 2017
Risk-free interest rate		1.75	%
Volatility		54.60	%
Expected life (in years)		0.6
Dividend Yield		—
Fair value of Series A preferred stock	$	0.66
Fair value of Series B-1 preferred stock	$	0.36
Fair value of Series D preferred stock	$	0.48
Fair value of Series D-1 preferred stock	$	0.48

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Prepaid Expense And Other Assets Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Prepayment to supplier	$	249,071	$	492,330
Other current assets		1,098,703		579,182
Total	$	1,347,774	$	1,071,512

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Property and Equipment, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Computer and office equipment	$	476,402		$	476,402
Lab equipment		4,156,519			3,995,731
Service equipment placed at customer sites		594,553			594,553
Leasehold improvements		1,860,667			1,860,667
		7,088,141			6,927,353
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(5,038,885	)		(3,921,565	)
	$	2,049,256		$	3,005,788

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Accrued Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accrued Liabilities Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued expenses	$	2,185,354	$	2,596,137
Accrued bonus		629,936		912,757
Total	$	2,815,290	$	3,508,894

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Western Alliance LSA

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Schedule of Debt and Unamortized Discount Balances

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the Western Alliance LSA are as follows:

	December 31, 2017
Term loan face value	$	7,000,000
Fair value of warrant		(99,684	)
End of term charge		(227,500	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs		(131,042	)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge		148,225
Accretion of warrant fair value		39,753
Balance		6,729,752
Less current portion		6,729,752
Long-term debt	$	—

MidCap Financial CSA

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Schedule of Debt and Unamortized Discount Balances

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows:

	September 30, 2018
Term loan face value	$	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant		(176,813	)
End of term charge		(400,000	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs		(467,044	)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge		43,352
Accretion of warrant fair value		8,842
Balance		9,008,337
Less current portion		—
Long-term debt	$	9,008,337

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Including Interest

Future minimum payments including interest under the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows as of September 30, 2018:

Years ending December 31,
2018	$	243,900
2019		975,600
2020		3,704,986
2021		3,426,243
2022-2023		5,016,721
Total minimum loan payments	$	13,367,450
Unamortized interest		(2,967,450	)
End of term charge		(400,000	)
Warrant fair value		(167,972	)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge		(823,691	)
Term loan		9,008,337
Less current portion		—
Long-term debt	$	9,008,337

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Stockholders' Deficit (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense offor the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018			2017
Research and development	$	43,363	$	18,564	$		131,900	$	162,420
General and administrative		9,762		5,561			28,651		79,551
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	53,125	$	24,125	$		160,551	$	241,971

Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions in Black -Scholes Option Pricing Model

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee stock option grants were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
Risk-free interest rate		—		1.8	%		2.5	%		2.5	%
Expected volatility		—		58.0	%		63.0	%		58.0	%
Expected term (in years)		—	5.3				4.0		5.1 - 5.3
Expected dividend yield		—		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%

Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consist of the following:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Stock options issued and outstanding		415,137
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or    employee stock purchase program		1,259,285
Common Warrants		4,015,013
Total		5,689,435

2018 Plan and 2006 Plan

Summary of Stock Option Activity Under 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2018		436,341		$	5.14		9.0	$	—
Granted (unaudited)		385			6.00				—
Exercised (unaudited)		(1,856	)		1.28			$	4,571
Cancelled/Expired (unaudited)		(19,733	)		9.65				—
Outstanding at September 30, 2018 (unaudited)		415,137		$	4.99		8.2	$	2,589,204
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2018    (unaudited)		399,705		$	5.14		8.2	$	2,487,288
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2018    (unaudited)		261,487		$	6.73		8.1	$	1,580,698

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Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Required under Non-Cancelable Leases

The future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2018, are summarized as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
2018 (3 months remaining)	$	206,721
2019		862,656
2020		902,412
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,971,789

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Organization and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 15, 2018	Jul. 16, 2018	Aug. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants				$ 84,676
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount				$ 14,898,326	$ 0
Reverse stock split description				On July 16, 2018, the Company effected a one-for-21.4 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, and on August 15, 2018, the Company effected an additional one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect these reverse stock splits and adjustments of the preferred stock conversion ratios.
Reverse stock split conversion ratio	50.00%	4.60%
Initial Public Offering
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold			3,864,000
Sale of stock, description of transaction				Each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of its common stock.
Offering price per unit			$ 6.125
Net cash proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions			$ 19,400,000
Underwriters' discounts and commissions			2,200,000
Offering expenses			$ 2,100,000
Number of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock			2,850,280
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants			$ 84,676
Fair value of warrants			$ 400,000
Percentage of offering price per unit			100.00%
Initial Public Offering | Common Stock
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold				3,864,000
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount			$ 14,900,000
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, shares			3,239,294	2,850,280
Initial Public Offering | Maximum
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Issuance of warrants to underwriters to purchase of common stock			115,920
Underwriters Over-Allotment Option
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold			504,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 4,000,924	$ 3,614,214
Provision	0	(262,000)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 4,000,924	$ 3,352,214

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) Segment $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Inventory write-down		$ 1,287,000	$ 364,437
Number of operating segments | Segment		1
Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Fair value of common warrants issued	$ 0	$ 0
Initial Public Offering
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Deferred public offering costs	4,659,369	4,659,369
Fair value of common warrants issued	$ 382,347	$ 382,347
Number of warrants issued to purchase common stock | shares	115,290	115,290
Warrants exercise price | $ / shares	$ 9.1875	$ 9.1875
Irys Instruments
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Inventory net realizable value	$ 0	$ 0		$ 1,300,000
Inventory write-down	$ 1,300,000			$ 400,000
Accounts Receivable | Ultravision Technology Ltd.
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		16.00%		21.00%
Accounts Receivable | BioStar Company
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		0.00%		15.00%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Materials and supplies	$ 242,783	$ 203,085
Finished Goods	2,372,029	1,490,657
Total	$ 2,614,812	$ 1,693,742

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities not Included in Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	4,430,150	1,275,884	4,430,150	1,275,884
Common Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	415,137	420,678	415,137	420,678
Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	4,015,013	855,206	4,015,013	855,206

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Assets And Liabilities (Details) - Fair Value on Recurring Basis - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 20,657,038	$ 1,021,897
Total liabilities	0	3,898,944
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	20,657,038	1,021,897
Preferred Stock Warrant Liability
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total liabilities	0	3,898,944
Fair Value Measurement Using Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	20,657,038	1,021,897
Total liabilities	0	0
Fair Value Measurement Using Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets Level 1 | Cash and Cash Equivalents
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	20,657,038	1,021,897
Fair Value Measurement Using Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets Level 1 | Preferred Stock Warrant Liability
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total liabilities	0	0
Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 | Cash and Cash Equivalents
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 | Preferred Stock Warrant Liability
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total liabilities	0	0
Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Total liabilities	0	3,898,944
Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 | Cash and Cash Equivalents
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 | Preferred Stock Warrant Liability
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total liabilities	$ 0	$ 3,898,944

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Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - Initial Public Offering	1 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018 shares
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for convertible preferred stock	0
Warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock	37,200,000
Warrants expired on the effective date	35,700,000
Remaining warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock adjusted to become exercisable for common stock	1,500,000

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Changes in Level 3 Liabilities (Details) - Warrants - Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Balance	$ 3,898,944	$ 4,650,877
Expiration of Series A warrants		(1,424)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants	(3,991,081)	(750,509)
Balance		$ 3,898,944
Issuance of warrants in connection with debt (unaudited)	176,813
Conversion of preferred stock warrants to common stock warrants due to IPO (unaudited)	$ (84,676)

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Quantitative Information Relating to Unobservable Inputs (Details) - Black-Scholes-Merton Model	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares
Fair value of Series A preferred stock
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock	$ 0.66
Fair value of Series B-1 preferred stock
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock	0.36
Fair value of Series D preferred stock
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock	0.48
Fair value of Series D-1 preferred stock
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock	$ 0.48
Risk-free interest rate
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Risk-free interest rate	1.75
Volatility
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Risk-free interest rate	54.60
Measurement Input, Expected Term
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Expected life (in years)	7 months 6 days

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Prepaid Expense And Other Assets Current [Abstract]
Prepayment to supplier	$ 249,071	$ 492,330
Other current assets	1,098,703	579,182
Total	$ 1,347,774	$ 1,071,512

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Property and Equipment, net - Schedule of Property and Equipment, net (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 7,088,141	$ 6,927,353
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,038,885)	(3,921,565)
Property and equipment, net	2,049,256	3,005,788
Computer and Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	476,402	476,402
Lab Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,156,519	3,995,731
Service Equipment Placed at Customer Sites
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	594,553	594,553
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,860,667	$ 1,860,667

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Property and Equipment, net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 391,246	$ 240,551	$ 1,169,801	$ 964,932

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Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accrued Liabilities Current [Abstract]
Accrued expenses	$ 2,185,354	$ 2,596,137
Accrued bonus	629,936	912,757
Total	$ 2,815,290	$ 3,508,894

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - Western Alliance LSA (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 29, 2018	Jun. 13, 2018	Dec. 09, 2016	Mar. 08, 2016	Sep. 30, 2018	Aug. 31, 2018	Feb. 28, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Nov. 20, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance cost and facility fee				$ 113,542
Percentage of total amount borrowed				3.25%
Current Liabilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount charge				$ 227,500
Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan	$ 7,000,000
Debt discount charge								$ 227,500
Default to secure minimum sale or issuance of equity securities or subordinated debt								15,000,000
Reclassified total loan balance to current liabilities								$ 6,700,000
Required secure funding		$ 5,000,000					$ 21,000,000
Total cash collected from customers		$ 2,500,000
Western Alliance LSA | Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock						$ 20.54
Shares of common stock						11,925
Warrants expiration date					Mar. 08, 2026
Western Alliance LSA | Current Liabilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amendment fee									$ 17,500
Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock						$ 20.55
Shares of common stock						6,814
Warrants expiration date					Dec. 09, 2026
Term Loan | Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from loan				$ 7,000,000
Term Loan | Western Alliance LSA | Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares issued				510,417
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock				$ 0.48
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense				$ 65,384
Term Loan | Western Alliance LSA | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares issued			291,667
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense			$ 34,300
Term Loan | Square One Loan And Security Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan				$ 5,000,000

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - MidCap Financial CSA (Details)		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 29, 2018 USD ($) Tranche $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock | $ / shares			$ 20.55
Shares of common stock | shares			6,814
Warrants expiration date		Dec. 09, 2026
MidCap Financial CSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	$ 15,000,000
Number of tranches | Tranche	3
Annual interest rate bears	7.50%
Annual interest rate bears description		one month LIBOR plus 7.5%,
Maturity date description		The loan has a 60-month term, with interest only for the first 18 months and straight-line amortization of principal and interest for the remaining 42 months.
LIBOR subject to floor rate	1.50%
Debt instrument maturity period	60 months
Debt instrument interest only portion maturity period	18 months
Debt instrument principal and interest maturity period	42 months
Debt instrument maturity date	Jul. 01, 2023
Debt issuance fees paid	$ 300,000
Prepayment fee percentage	4.00%
Additional amount invested in term loan facility		$ 1,000,000
MidCap Financial CSA | Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares | shares	625,000
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock | $ / shares	$ 0.48		$ 20.55
Warrant exercisable and expires	Jun. 29, 2028
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense	$ 200,000
Shares of common stock | shares			14,603
Warrants expiration date		Jun. 29, 2028
MidCap Financial CSA | Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock | Measurement Input, Expected Term
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term	10 years
MidCap Financial CSA | Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock | Risk-free interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions	0.0283
MidCap Financial CSA | Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock | Volatility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions	0.59
MidCap Financial CSA | Other Long-term Liabilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount charge		$ 400,000
MidCap Financial CSA | First Year
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	4.00%
MidCap Financial CSA | Second Year
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	3.00%
MidCap Financial CSA | Thereafter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	2.00%
MidCap Financial CSA | Tranche 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	$ 10,000,000
Term loan facility borrowed from Tranche 1	10,000,000
MidCap Financial CSA | Tranche 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	2,500,000
Trailing twelve month revenue	12,500,000
MidCap Financial CSA | Tranche 3
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	2,500,000
Trailing twelve month revenue	16,000,000
Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan	$ 7,000,000

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - Convertible Notes (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Aug. 02, 2018	Jun. 29, 2018	Jun. 28, 2018	Feb. 09, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount				$ 14,898,326	$ 0
Convertible notes outstanding		$ 0		0
Non-cash interest expense related to debt discount amortization and accretion of end of term fees		$ 52,194	$ 21,558	$ 121,984	$ 66,241
Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount	$ 14,900,000
Convertible Notes | Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, shares	3,239,294
Note Purchase Agreement | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase the principal amount available for issuance						$ 18,400,000	$ 19,400,000	$ 18,400,000
Maturity date				Sep. 30, 2018
Note Purchase Agreement | Convertible Notes | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original principal amount									$ 16,000,000

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Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Debt and Unamortized Discount Balances (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current portion of long-term debt	$ 0	$ 6,729,752
Long-term debt	9,008,337	0
Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value		7,000,000
Fair value of warrant		(99,684)
End of term charge		(227,500)
Capitalized debt issuance costs		(131,042)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge		148,225
Accretion of warrant fair value		39,753
Balance		6,729,752
Current portion of long-term debt		$ 6,729,752
MidCap Financial CSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(176,813)
End of term charge	(400,000)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(467,044)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	43,352
Accretion of warrant fair value	8,842
Balance	9,008,337
Long-term debt	9,008,337
End of term charge	$ (400,000)

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Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Including Interest (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current portion of long-term debt	$ 0	$ 6,729,752
Long-term debt	9,008,337	$ 0
MidCap Financial CSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2018	243,900
2019	975,600
2020	3,704,986
2021	3,426,243
2022-2023	5,016,721
Total minimum loan payments	13,367,450
Unamortized interest	(2,967,450)
End of term charge	(400,000)
Warrant fair value	(167,972)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge	(823,691)
Balance	9,008,337
Long-term debt	$ 9,008,337

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Stockholders' Deficit - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		10 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Aug. 23, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2016
Equity [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized		200,000,000		200,000,000			243,160,120	200,000,000
Common stock, par value		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized		10,000,000		10,000,000			10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued		10,032,687		10,032,687			77,257
Proceeds from option exercises				$ 3,499	$ 1,500
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance		5,689,435		5,689,435
Unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options		$ 132,726		$ 132,726
Unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options, period for recognition				1 year 1 month 6 days
Number of common stock purchased under plan				0
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Equity [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance	175,000
Incremental rate at which the shares reserved for issuance increase				1.00%
Employee Options
Equity [Line Items]
Shares, granted		0	17,769	385	422,706
Exercise price		$ 1.28	$ 1.28	$ 6.00	$ 1.28
Total grant date fair value of vested options		$ 50,584	$ 60,515	$ 161,897	$ 232,915
Weighted-average grant date fair value			$ 0.67	$ 2.99	$ 0.66
2018 Equity Incentive Plan
Equity [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance	1,499,454	1,084,285		1,084,285
Number of new shares issued under plan	1,000,000
Incremental rate at which the shares reserved for issuance increase				5.00%
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options		415,137		415,137
Maximum | 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Equity [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance	220,000
Company Valued $91 Million or Below
Equity [Line Items]
Liquidation preferences, description				the Liquidation Preference was equal to the applicable Original Issue Price for such shares plus the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends
Company Valued $91 Million or Below | Minimum
Equity [Line Items]
Company value		$ 91,000,000		$ 91,000,000
Company Valued Greater than $91 Million
Equity [Line Items]
Liquidation preferences, description				the Liquidation Preference was equal to the applicable Original Issue Price for such shares plus the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends, with the first $10 million of proceeds above $91 million distributed to the holders of the Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock on a pro rata basis ((i) and (ii) together, “Liquidation Preference”)
Amount distributed to the holders in excess of company's value				$ 10,000,000
Company Valued Greater than $91 Million | Maximum
Equity [Line Items]
Company value		$ 91,000,000		$ 91,000,000
Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Number of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock	42.8	42.8		42.8
Convertible preferred stock outstanding		0		0					121,992,497
Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock				$ 15,000,000
Percentage of vote on outstanding of series preferred shares				66.67%
Shares issued, price per share		$ 6.00		$ 6.00
Preferred Stock, Dividend Rate, Percentage				8.00%
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Conversion price per share	$ 1.3995	$ 1.3995		$ 1.3995
Convertible preferred stock outstanding		0		0			345,587			345,587
Original issuance price		$ 2.733		$ 2.733
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Conversion price per share	1.3995	$ 1.3995		$ 1.3995
Convertible preferred stock outstanding		0		0			8,058,170			8,058,170
Original issuance price		$ 1.3995		$ 1.3995
Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Conversion price per share	1.3995	$ 1.3995		$ 1.3995
Convertible preferred stock outstanding		0		0			3,437,950			3,437,950
Original issuance price		$ 1.3995		$ 1.3995
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Conversion price per share	1.4043	$ 1.4043		$ 1.4043
Convertible preferred stock outstanding		0		0			23,357,047			23,357,047
Original issuance price		$ 1.4043		$ 1.4043
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Conversion price per share	0.48	$ 0.48		$ 0.48
Convertible preferred stock outstanding		0		0			20,652,486			20,652,486
Original issuance price		$ 0.48		$ 0.48
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Conversion price per share	$ 0.48	$ 0.48		$ 0.48		$ 0.48
Convertible preferred stock outstanding		0		0			66,141,257			29,166,671
Temporary equity shares sold and issued						36,974,586	36,974,586
Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock						$ 17,750,000
Temporary equity stock issuance costs						$ 154,191
Original issuance price		$ 0.48		$ 0.48
Common Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Share issued exercise options		1,068	1,168	1,856	1,168		7,079
Proceeds from option exercises		$ 1,116	$ 1,500	$ 3,499	$ 1,500

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Stockholders' Deficit - Summary of Stock Option Activity Under 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan (Details) - 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan - 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares, outstanding beginning balance | shares	436,341
Shares, granted (unaudited) | shares	385
Shares, exercised (unaudited) | shares	(1,856)
Shares, cancelled/expired (unaudited) | shares	(19,733)
Shares, outstanding ending balance (unaudited) | shares	415,137	436,341
Shares, vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2018 (unaudited) | shares	399,705
Shares, vested and exercisable at September 30, 2018 (unaudited) | shares	261,487
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, outstanding beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 5.14
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, granted (unaudited) | $ / shares	6.00
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, exercised (unaudited) | $ / shares	1.28
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, cancelled/expired (unaudited) | $ / shares	9.65
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, outstanding ending balance (unaudited) | $ / shares	4.99	$ 5.14
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2018 (unaudited) | $ / shares	5.14
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, vested and exercisable at September 30, 2018 (unaudited) | $ / shares	$ 6.73
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term, outstanding balance	8 years 2 months 12 days	9 years
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term, vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2018 (unaudited)	8 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term, vested and exercisable at September 30, 2018 (unaudited)	8 years 1 month 6 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, exercised (unaudited) | $	$ 4,571
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding at September 30, 2018 (unaudited) | $	2,589,204
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2018 (unaudited) | $	2,487,288
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2018 (unaudited) | $	$ 1,580,698

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Stockholders' Deficit - Summary of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 53,125	$ 24,125	$ 160,551	$ 241,971
Research and Development
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	43,363	18,564	131,900	162,420
General and Administrative
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 9,762	$ 5,561	$ 28,651	$ 79,551

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Stockholders' Deficit - Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions in Black -Scholes Option Pricing Model (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	1.80%	2.50%	2.50%
Expected volatility	58.00%	63.00%	58.00%
Expected term (in years)	5 years 3 months 18 days	4 years
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)			5 years 1 month 6 days
Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)			5 years 3 months 18 days

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Stockholders' Deficit - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details)	Sep. 30, 2018 shares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance	5,689,435
Stock Options Issued and Outstanding
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance	415,137
Authorized for Future Stock Awards, Option Grants, or Employee Stock Purchase Program
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance	1,259,285
Common Warrants
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance	4,015,013

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating lease amended date			Jul. 01, 2015
Operating lease expiration date			Dec. 31, 2020
Rent expense	$ 147,522	$ 147,522	$ 442,566	$ 442,566
Amortization of the leasehold incentive obligation	56,263	56,263	168,789	168,789
Amount of royalty expense paid	76,846	$ 75,960	$ 295,246	$ 235,455
Annual future minimum royalty payments							$ 70,000
Future minimum royalty payments, extended term			Nov. 29, 2026
Contractual commitment with supplier to purchase products remainder of fiscal year	100,000		$ 100,000
Loss contingency accrual amount	$ 0		$ 0
Scenario, Forecast
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Contractual commitment with supplier to purchase products remainder of fiscal year					$ 100,000	$ 100,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Required under Non-Cancelable Leases (Details)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2018 (3 months remaining)	$ 206,721
2019	862,656
2020	902,412
Total minimum lease payments	$ 1,971,789

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rate			(0.06%)	(0.10%)
Federal, state, and foreign income tax expense/(benefit)	$ (2,978)	$ (4,738)	$ 6,304	$ 17,620
Ownership change in series of transactions period			3 years
Minimum percentage of change in ownership			50.00%

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Employee Benefits - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Defined contribution plan name			401(k)
Contribution amount	$ 78,020	$ 97,414	$ 211,185	$ 334,988