10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

_________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________________________________

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM             TO

Commission file number: 001-38613

_________________________________________________________

Bionano Genomics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	26-1756290
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9540 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA	92121
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(858) 888-7600

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

_________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	BNGO	The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC
Warrants to purchase Common Stock	BNGOW	The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  x No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and ‘‘emerging growth company’’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  ☐ No x

As of October 31, 2019, the registrant had 26,489,740 shares of Common Stock ($0.0001 par value) outstanding.

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
	Item 1. Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9
	Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	33
	Item 4. Controls and Procedures	33
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		34
	Item 1. Legal Proceedings	34
	Item 1A. Risk Factors	34
	Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	36
	Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	36
	Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	36
	Item 5. Other Information	36
	Item 6. Exhibits	38
SIGNATURES		39

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,224,801		$	16,522,729
Accounts receivable, net	6,000,783			4,514,333
Inventory	2,595,095			1,068,557
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,018,689			919,500
Total current assets	17,839,368			23,025,119
Property and equipment, net	1,367,940			1,777,302
Total assets	$	19,207,308		$	24,802,421
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,634,279		$	1,351,736
Accrued expenses	3,432,001			2,900,129
Deferred revenue	417,891			270,998
Line of credit	953,094			—
Total current liabilities	7,437,265			4,522,863
Long-term debt	18,777,356			9,029,374
Long-term deferred revenue	224,088			304,467
Other non-current liabilities	147,115			808,366
Total liabilities	26,585,824			14,665,070
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 and 200,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively; 10,897,522 and 10,055,072 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	1,088			1,004
Additional paid-in capital	87,297,299			82,898,775
Accumulated deficit	(94,676,903		)	(72,762,428		)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	(7,378,516		)	10,137,351
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	$	19,207,308		$	24,802,421

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

3

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	3,162,273		$	2,700,162		$	6,870,257		$	7,618,407
Other revenue	150,724			128,542			470,121			368,791
Total revenue	3,312,997			2,828,704			7,340,378			7,987,198
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	2,237,886			3,064,661			4,882,771			5,708,704
Cost of other revenue	137,214			3,671			194,617			14,507
Total cost of revenue	2,375,100			3,068,332			5,077,388			5,723,211
Operating expense:
Research and development	2,173,905			2,505,137			6,681,708			6,962,696
Selling, general and administrative	4,449,088			3,224,075			14,295,695			9,617,814
Total operating expense	6,622,993			5,729,212			20,977,403			16,580,510
Loss from operations	(5,685,096		)	(5,968,840		)	(18,714,413		)	(14,316,523		)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(578,045		)	(404,437		)	(1,416,437		)	(1,114,053		)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	—			1,520,159			—			3,991,081
Loss on debt extinguishment	—			—			(921,496		)	(342,164		)
Other expense	(130,539		)	(75,957		)	(848,671		)	(296,973		)
Total other income (expense)	(708,584		)	1,039,765			(3,186,604		)	2,237,891
Loss before income taxes	(6,393,680		)	(4,929,075		)	(21,901,017		)	(12,078,632		)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	(4,486		)	2,978			(13,458		)	(6,304		)
Net loss	$	(6,398,166	)	$	(4,926,097	)	$	(21,914,475	)	$	(12,084,936	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.59	)	$	(0.63	)	$	(2.06	)	$	(1.99	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted	10,897,522			7,778,605			10,661,520			6,079,285

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Unaudited)

	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock					Series B Convertible Preferred Stock					Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock					Series C Convertible Preferred Stock					Series D Convertible Preferred Stock					Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock					Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
	Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares	Amount
Balance at January 1, 2018	345,587		$	61,847		8,058,170		$	842,845		3,437,950		$	359,593		23,357,047		$	5,547,841		20,652,486		$	4,838,379		66,141,257		$	31,359,632		77,257	$	8	$	4,038,817	$	(54,266,036	)	$	(50,227,211	)
Stock option exercises	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			237	—		305		—			305
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—	—		54,444		—			54,444
Net loss	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—	—		—		(3,847,362		)	(3,847,362		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	345,587		$	61,847		8,058,170		$	842,845		3,437,950		$	359,593		23,357,047		$	5,547,841		20,652,486		$	4,838,379		66,141,257		$	31,359,632		77,494	$	8	$	4,093,566	$	(58,113,398	)	$	(54,019,824	)
Stock option exercises	—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		551	$	—	$	707	$	—		$	707
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—	—		52,982		—			52,982
Net loss	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—	—		—		(3,311,476		)	(3,311,476		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	345,587		$	61,847		8,058,170		$	842,845		3,437,950		$	359,593		23,357,047		$	5,547,841		20,652,486		$	4,838,379		66,141,257		$	31,359,632		78,045	$	8	$	4,147,255	$	(61,424,874	)	$	(57,277,611	)
Stock option exercises	—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		1,068	$	—	$	2,487	$	—		$	2,487
IPO Units	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			3,864,000	386		19,389,592		—			19,389,978
Conversion of preferred stock upon IPO	(345,587	)	(61,847		)	(8,058,170	)	(842,845		)	(3,437,950	)	(359,593		)	(23,357,047	)	(5,547,841		)	(20,652,486	)	(4,838,379		)	(66,141,257	)	(31,359,632		)	2,850,280	285		43,009,852		—			43,010,137
Conversion of convertible note upon IPO	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			3,239,294	323		14,898,004		—			14,898,327
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—	—		84,676		—			84,676
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—	—		53,126		—			53,126
Net loss	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—	—		—		(4,926,097		)	(4,926,097		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		10,032,687	$	1,002	$	81,584,992	$	(66,350,971	)	$	15,235,023
Balance at January 1, 2019	—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		—		$	—		10,055,072	$	1,004	$	82,898,775	$	(72,762,428	)	$	10,137,351
Stock option exercises	—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			—		—			41,521	4		53,972		—			53,976

5

Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		289,395		—			289,395
Issue common stock	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		748,427	75		2,409,518		—			2,409,593
Issue warrants for debt	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		629,830		—			629,830
Issue stock for debt																			—	—		201,789		—			201,789
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(7,851,743		)	(7,851,743		)
Balance at March 31, 2019	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	10,845,020	$	1,083	$	86,483,279	$	(80,614,171	)	$	5,870,191
Stock option exercises	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		8,526	1		11,083		—			11,084
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		335,666		—			335,666
ESPP Purchases	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		43,976	4		102,811		—			102,815
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(7,664,566		)	(7,664,566		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	10,897,522	$	1,088	$	86,932,839	$	(88,278,737	)	$	(1,344,810	)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	$	—	$	364,460	$	—		$	364,460
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(6,398,166		)	(6,398,166		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		10,897,522	$	1,088	$	87,297,299	$	(94,676,903	)	$	(7,378,516	)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

6

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(21,914,475	)	$	(12,084,936	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation	814,984			1,169,801
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	—			(3,991,081		)
Interest payment-in-kind	319,401			—
Stock-based compensation	989,521			160,551
Provision for bad debt expense	—			(262,000		)
Accretion of debt discount	204,259			121,984
Loss on debt extinguishment	921,496			342,164
Long-term debt prepayment fees	412,000			—
Employee stock purchase plan compensation	102,815			—
Inventory write-off	—			1,287,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,486,450		)	(386,710		)
Inventory	(1,886,083		)	(2,101,453		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	98,102			(276,263		)
Accounts payable	1,042,103			60,788
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	337,139			106,476
Net cash used in operating activities	(20,045,188		)	(15,853,679		)
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(38,390		)	(319,885		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(38,390		)	(319,885		)
Financing activities:
Repayment of long-term debt	(10,812,000		)	(7,447,571		)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs	19,169,903			9,532,957
Proceeds from issuance of convertible note, net of issuance costs	—			14,329,843
Proceeds from borrowing on line of credit	3,084,340			—
Repayments of borrowing from line of credit	(2,131,246		)	—
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of offering costs	2,409,593			—
Proceeds from Initial Public Offering, net of offering costs	—			19,389,978
Proceeds from option exercises	65,060			3,499
Net cash provided by financing activities	11,785,650			35,808,706
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(8,297,928		)	19,635,142
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	16,522,729			1,021,897
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	8,224,801		$	20,657,038
Supplemental schedule on non-cash transactions:
Property and equipment costs incurred but not paid included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	7,687		$	—
Transfer of instruments from property and equipment into inventory	$	—		$	106,617
Fair value of warrants issued with debt classified as a liability	$	629,830		$	176,813
Transfer of instruments and servers from inventory to property and equipment	$	359,545		$	—
Fair value of stock issued with debt classified as a liability	$	201,789		$	—
Deferred equity issuance costs in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	197,291		$	—

7

Debt issuance costs in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	35,458	$	—
Conversion of convertible note into common stock	$	—	$	14,898,326
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock and common stock warrants	$	—	$	84,676
Final payment due in connection with the repayment of debt classified in other long-term liabilities	$	—	$	400,000

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

8

BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Bionano Genomics, Inc. (the “Company”) formed in January 2003 as BioNanomatrix LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. In August 2007, the Company became BioNanomatrix Inc., a Delaware corporation. In October 2011, the Company changed its name to BioNano Genomics, Inc., and in July 2018, it changed its name to Bionano Genomics, Inc.

The Company is a life sciences instrumentation company in the genome analysis space. The Company currently develops and markets the Saphyr system, a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics.

Initial Public Offering

In August 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”), in which it sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit, which included the sale of 504,000 units pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.   The Company received net cash proceeds of $19.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

In addition, each of the following occurred in connection with the completion of the IPO in August 2018:

• The conversion of all outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock into an aggregate 2,850,280 shares of common stock.

• The automatic adjustment of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants; the entire $84,676 balance of preferred stock warrant liability was reclassified as additional paid-in-capital.  In addition, the Company issued warrants to the IPO underwriters to purchase up to 115,920 shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.4 million.

• The conversion of an aggregate of $14.9 million of outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest into an aggregate of 3,239,294 shares of common stock.

Each unit offered in the IPO consisted of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share common stock. Each warrant to purchase common stock contained in the unit entitled the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $6.125 per share (100% of the offering price per unit), subject to adjustment. The warrants and shares of common stock traded together as units for 30 days following the IPO.  After 30 days of trading, the units automatically separated and the common stock and warrants began trading separately.  

Reverse Stock Splits

On July 16, 2018, the Company effected a one-for-21.4 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, and on August 15, 2018, the Company effected an additional one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect these reverse stock splits and adjustments of the preferred stock conversion ratios.

Basis of Presentation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of the Company's management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, changes in equity, and comprehensive loss and cash flows for each period presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for

9

interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2019 (the “2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). The consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited 2018 consolidated financial statements included in the 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Going Concern

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, the Company is required to perform a two-step analysis regarding its ability to continue as a going concern. The Company must first evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (step 1). If the Company concludes that substantial doubt is raised, the Company is also required to consider whether its plans alleviate that doubt (step 2).

The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception and expects to continue to incur net losses into the foreseeable future. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $72.8 million and $94.7 million as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company used $19.9 million cash in operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 and has used $20.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $16.5 million and $8.2 million as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company expects operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for at least the next year as the Company continues to incur costs related to research and commercialization efforts. The Company has prepared cash flow forecasts which indicate that based on the Company’s expected operating losses and negative cash flows, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within twelve months after the date that the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019, are issued.

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise additional funding. The Company has plans to raise additional capital through equity offerings or debt financings to fulfill its operating and capital requirements for at least 12 months and to maintain compliance with the Innovatus LSA covenants. The Company’s plans include continuing to fund its operating losses and capital funding needs through equity or debt financings, strategic collaborations, licensing arrangements, asset sales, or other arrangements. However, the Company may not be able to secure such financing in a timely manner or on favorable terms, if at all. Furthermore, if the Company issues equity securities to raise additional funds, its existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the Company’s existing stockholders. If the Company raises additional funds through collaboration, licensing or other similar arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to its products or proprietary technologies or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to the Company. If the Company does not have or is not able to obtain sufficient funds, it may have to reduce commercialization efforts or delay its development of new products. The Company also may have to reduce marketing, customer support or other resources devoted to its products or cease operations.

In a letter dated August 16, 2019 (the "Notice), the Company was notified by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, that the Company failed to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market because the Company’s stockholder’s equity, as reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2019, is below the required minimum of $2.5 million. The Notice also indicated that, as of August 13, 2019, the Company did not meet the alternative compliance standards relating to the market value of listed securities of $35 million or net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently completed fiscal year or in two of the last three most recently completed fiscal years, and therefore could be subject to delisting if the Company did not submit a plan to regain compliance within 45 calendar days of August 16, 2019.

In September 2019, the Company submitted a plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance. On October 16, 2019, Nasdaq granted the Company until February 12, 2020 to provide evidence of compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b), subject to certain requirements, including that the Company complete an October 2019 public offering by October 31, 2019, periodically update Nasdaq regarding any additional proceeds received from the sale of shares of our capital stock pursuant to our March 2019 common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, and publicly disclose evidence of compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b). Although the Company completed a public offering in October 2019, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance. If the Company does not regain compliance by the end of the extension period granted by Nasdaq, or if the Company fails to satisfy another Nasdaq requirement for continued listing, Nasdaq staff could provide notice that the Company’s common stock will become subject to delisting. In such event, Nasdaq rules permit the Company to appeal the decision to reject the proposed

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compliance plan or any delisting determination to a Nasdaq Hearings Panel. Accordingly, there can be no guarantee that the Company will be able to maintain our Nasdaq listing.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of each customer’s credit history, financial condition, and other factors. Estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due, and economic and other factors. Bad debt expense is recorded as necessary to maintain an appropriate level of allowance for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expense. A portion of the receivables are with distributors who are slow payers and the Company is pursuing their collection. Based on ongoing dialog, the Company expects those receivables to be fully collected. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not record an allowance for doubtful accounts.

Accounts receivable is subject to concentration risk whenever a customer has a balance that meets or exceeds 10% of the total balance. As of September 30, 2019, Ultravision Technology Ltd. (Ultravision) represented 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2018, Ultravision represented 13% and BioStar Company represented 12% of our accounts receivable balance.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory includes raw materials and finished goods that may be used in the research and development process and such items are expensed as consumed or expired. Provisions for slow-moving, excess, and obsolete inventories are estimated based on product life cycles, historical experience, and usage forecasts.

The components of inventories are as follows (unaudited):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Materials and supplies	$	702,603	$	161,468
Finished goods	1,892,492		907,089
Total	$	2,595,095	$	1,068,557

Revenue Recognition

Product Revenue

Product revenue represents the sale of the Company’s instruments and consumables to third parties. Timing of revenue recognition on instrument sales is based upon when delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.

The majority of the Company’s instruments contain embedded operating systems and other software which is included in the purchase price of the instrument. The software is deemed incidental to the system as a whole as it is not sold or marketed separately and its production costs are minor compared to those of the hardware system. Hardware and software elements are both delivered when ownership is transferred to the customer. Hardware upgrades, which are made available to customers for purchase, are recognized as revenue when delivered and all revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

Installation services for direct sale customers are performed at the same time or shortly after the product is delivered and require only a minimal effort to complete. The Company believes installation is a perfunctory service and is not material to its obligations in the contract.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes revenue from extended service contracts and other services that may be performed. Revenue for extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the service period. Revenue for other services is generally recognized based on proportional performance of the contract, when the Company’s ability to complete project requirements is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for on-going service arrangements. Most of these services are completed in a short period of time from the receipt of the customer’s order. When significant risk exists in the Company’s ability to fulfill project requirements, revenue is recognized upon completion of the contract.

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Multiple Element Arrangements

The Company regularly enters into contracts where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables, including products or services. These contracts typically include an instrument, consumables, and extended service contracts. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the individual units of accounting determined to exist in the contract. A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Items are considered to have stand-alone value when they are sold separately by any vendor or when the customer could resell the item on a stand-alone basis.

For transactions with multiple deliverables, consideration is allocated at the inception of the contract to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence exists, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price using average selling prices over an appropriate period coupled with an assessment of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company considers its approved standard prices adjusted for applicable discounts.

In order to establish VSOE of selling price, the Company must regularly sell the product or service on a standalone basis with a substantial majority priced within a relatively narrow range. In cases where there is not a sufficient number of standalone sales and VSOE of selling price cannot be determined, then the Company utilizes third-party evidence to establish selling price.

Distributor Transactions

In certain markets, the Company sells products and provides services to customers through distributors that specialize in life sciences products. In cases where the product is delivered to a distributor, revenue recognition generally occurs when title transfers to the distributor. The terms of sales transactions through distributors are generally consistent with the terms of direct sales to customers and do not contain return rights. Distributor sales transactions typically differ from direct customer sales as they do not require the Company’s services to install the instrument at the end customer or perform the services for the customer that are beyond the standard warranty in the first year following the sale. These transactions are accounted for in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy described herein.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company and its chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include outstanding stock options under the Company’s equity incentive plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares):

	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018
Common stock options	1,844,061	415,137
Common warrants	4,224,494	4,015,013
Total	6,068,555	4,430,150

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On April 5, 2012, the Jump-Start Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an emerging growth company. As an emerging

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growth company, the Company may elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards when they become effective for non-public companies, which typically is later than when public companies must adopt the standards. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act and, as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for emerging growth companies, which are the dates included below.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-9 completes the joint effort by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-9 applies to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has adopted the new guidance during the current annual period and will reflect the effects of such adoption, including the additional required disclosures, in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The adoption will not have a significant impact on those financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” The new topic supersedes Topic 840, “Leases,” and increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2016-2 mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior period. The Company anticipates implementing the standard by taking advantage of the alternative transition method and will apply the transition approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption and will not be restating comparative periods. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-1, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-1). This guidance changes how entities measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method. Entities will be required to measure these investments at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in fair value in net income. A practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values, however; the exception requires the Company to consider relevant transactions that can be reasonably known to identify any observable price changes that would impact the fair value. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current U.S. GAAP. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2019 and for interim periods effective the three months ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016-1 and has not yet determined whether the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods reporting within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

3. Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

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Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

			Fair Value Measurement Using
	September 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,224,801	$	8,224,801	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	8,224,801	$	8,224,801	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—

As discussed in Note 2 above, there were no warrants exercisable for the Company’s convertible preferred stock following the closing of the IPO. Of the 37.2 million warrants (pre-split) previously exercisable for preferred stock, 35.7 million warrants (pre-split) expired on the effective date of the IPO.  The remaining 1.5 million warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock were adjusted to become exercisable for common stock. Prior to the IPO, the Company estimated fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants at the time of issuance and subsequent remeasurement using the Black-Scholes-Merton model at each reporting date.  

On the date of the IPO and going forward, all outstanding warrants are accounted for as equity and are not subject to remeasurement.

4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Prepayment to supplier	$	100,000	$	74,685
Prepaid insurance	223,514		460,684
Other current assets	695,175		384,131
Total	$	1,018,689	$	919,500

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5. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Computer and office equipment	$	476,402		$	476,402
Lab equipment	4,633,693			4,437,794
Service equipment placed at customer sites	359,546			149,823
Leasehold improvements	1,875,647			1,875,647
	7,345,288			6,939,666
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,977,348		)	(5,162,364		)
	$	1,367,940		$	1,777,302

The Company recorded depreciation expense of $278,182 and $391,246 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $814,984 and $1,169,801 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, in operating expenses.

6. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued compensation expenses	$	1,969,293	$	1,832,630
Accrued professional services	206,157		76,224
Accrued royalties	80,096		119,630
Accrued other	1,176,455		871,645
Total	$	3,432,001	$	2,900,129

7. Long-Term Debt

Western Alliance LSA

On March 8, 2016, the Company entered into a new term Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank (the “Western Alliance LSA”) for $7.0 million. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $5.0 million loan with Square 1 Bank, as required by the twelfth amendment to that certain Loan and Security Agreement with Square 1 Bank.

Additionally, in conjunction with the entry into Western Alliance LSA, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 510,417 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock of $65,384 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 11,925 shares of common stock for $20.56 per share. The warrants expire on March 8, 2026.

On December 9, 2016, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, and in conjunction with this amendment, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 291,667 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $34,300 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 6,814 shares of common stock for $20.56 per share. The warrants expire on December 9, 2026.

In February 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, requiring the Company to secure $21.0 million in funding prior to June 30, 2018. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank agreed to forbear from exercising any of its default remedies set forth in the Western Alliance LSA as a result of the Company’s previous loan default as of December 31, 2017.

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On June 13, 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, replacing previously amended funding requirements and requiring the Company to secure $5.0 million in funding prior to August 3, 2018. Additionally, the amendment restricted the Company’s use of all cash collected from customers, received on and after amendment date, until the Company collected a total of $2.5 million. As part of this amendment, Western Alliance Bank waived the existing default.

On June 29, 2018, the Company repaid the Western Alliance LSA in connection with the MidCap Financial CSA (as defined below).

On November 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement with Western Alliance Bank to amend (i) that certain Warrant to Purchase Stock, dated March 8, 2016, (ii) that certain Warrant to Purchase Stock, dated December 9, 2016 ((i) and (ii) collectively, the “Bank Warrants”) and (iii) the Western Alliance LSA. Pursuant to Section 2.6(g) of the Western Alliance LSA, the Company was obligated to pay Western Alliance Bank a success fee of $210,000 in connection with the IPO. As part of the Amendment Agreement, this success fee was decreased from $210,000 to $160,000 and the exercise price of the Bank Warrants was decreased to $6.99 per share.

MidCap Financial CSA

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit and Security Agreement with MidCap Financial Trust (the “MidCap Financial CSA”) which provided a $15.0 million term loan facility available in a first tranche of $10 million (“Tranche 1”), a second tranche of $2.5 million and a third tranche of $2.5 million. The Company borrowed $10.0 million from Tranche 1 immediately upon execution of the MidCap Financial CSA. Proceeds from the loan were used to repay the outstanding $7.0 million due to Western Alliance LSA.

On March 14, 2019, the Company repaid the MidCap Financial CSA in connection with the Innovatus LSA (as defined below).

The MidCap Financial CSA bore interest at an annual rate of one month LIBOR plus 7.5%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.5%. The loan had a 60-month term, with interest only for the first 18 months and straight-line amortization of principal and interest for the remaining 42 months.The MidCap Financial CSA was secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and was scheduled to mature on July 1, 2023.

The Company paid issuance fees of approximately $0.3 million at the inception of the loan, which was recorded as a debt discount and was recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. Subject to certain limited exceptions, amounts prepaid in relation to the MidCap Financial CSA are subject to a prepayment fee determined by multiplying the amount being prepaid by 4% in the first year of the term, 3% in year two, and 2% thereafter. When the Company paid-off the MidCap Financial CSA, it incurred a prepayment fee of $0.4 million. The prepayment fee is recognized as loss on debt extinguishment during the three months ended March 31, 2019. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company was required to pay an end of term charge equal to 4% of the total amount borrowed. Accordingly, an end of term charge of $0.4 million was included in other long-term liabilities on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. The end of term charge was being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. The unamortized portion of the end of term charge was written-off as loss on debt extinguishment during the three months ended March 31, 2019 in conjunction with the Company's repayment of the MidCap Financial CSA.

In conjunction with entering into the MidCap Financial CSA, the Company issued to MidCap a warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share that was immediately exercisable. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $0.2 million was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. The assumptions used in the model were: the fair value of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, which was determined using an OPM analysis, an expected life of 10 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.83% and an expected volatility of 59%. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrant was adjusted from being exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock to exercisable for 14,602 shares of common stock for $20.56. The warrant expires on June 29, 2028.

In addition, MidCap invested $1.0 million in the convertible note offering at terms identical to other investors described in the Convertible Notes section below.

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Innovatus LSA

On March 14, 2019, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Innovatus LSA”) by and among Innovatus Life Sciences Lending Fund I, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Innovatus”), as collateral agent and the lenders listed on Schedule 1.1 thereto, including East West Bank (the “Bank”, and together with the lenders, the “Lenders”). Under the Innovatus LSA, Innovatus agreed, among other things, to make a first term loan of $17.5 million to the Company (the “Term A-1 Loan”), a second term loan of $2.5 million to the Company (the “Term A-2 Loan”) and a third term loan of $5.0 million to the Company (the “Term B Loan”), each upon satisfaction of certain funding conditions. In addition, the Bank has agreed to make available to the Company a revolving line of credit in an amount not to exceed $5.0 million (the “Revolver”).

Under the Innovatus LSA, interest is payable, at the Company’s option (i) in cash at a rate of 10.25% per annum or (ii) at a discounted rate of 7.25% in cash, with 3.0% of the 10.25% per annum rate (the “PIK Loan”) added to the principal of the loan and subject to accruing interest through the end of the interest only payment period. Interest only payments are due on the first of each month through March 1, 2022. Thereafter, in addition to interest accrued during such period, the monthly payments will include an amount equal to the outstanding principal at March 1, 2022 divided by 24 months. At maturity (or earlier prepayment), the Company is also required to make a final payment equal to 3.75% of the original principal amount borrowed. At inception the Company elected to pay interest in cash at a rate of 7.25% per annum and have 3.0% per annum of the interest added back to the outstanding principal.

The Innovatus LSA provides for prepayment fees of 3.0% of the outstanding balance of the loan if the loan is repaid on or prior to March 14, 2020, 2.0% of the amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs after March 14, 2020 but prior to March 14, 2021, 1.0% of the amount prepaid after March 14, 2021 but prior to March 14, 2022 and 0% of the amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs thereafter. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company is required to pay an end of term charge of $0.8 million. This end of term charge is being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the Innovatus LSA.

The Innovatus LSA is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, including the Company's intellectual property. The Innovatus LSA requires the Company to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants, including: (1) a liquidity covenant requiring the Company to maintain a minimum cash balance at all times in a collateral account; (2) a revenue covenant requiring the Company to meet certain minimum revenue targets measured at the end of each calendar quarter. The Innovatus LSA also includes standard events of default, including a provision that Innovatus could declare an event of default upon the occurrence of any event that it interprets as having a material adverse change in the Company's business, operations, or condition, a material impairment on the Company's ability to pay the secured obligations under the Innovatus LSA, or upon a material adverse effect on the collateral under the agreement, thereby requiring us to repay the loan immediately, together with a prepayment fee and other applicable fees.

On June 25, 2019, the Innovatus LSA was amended to among other things: (i) extend the deadline for the Company to maintain its domestic depository and operating accounts with the Bank, subject to a control agreement in favor of Innovatus, to July 31, 2019 and (ii) permit the Company to incur credit card indebtedness in an amount not to exceed $150,000. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company did not achieve a certain revenue covenant under the Innovatus LSA. The Company subsequently received a waiver from Innovatus for the Company’s noncompliance with this revenue covenant, as more fully described in Note 11. The Company expects to be in compliance with all covenants pursuant to the Innovatus LSA for the 12 months subsequent to September 30, 2019.

Additionally, in connection with the Innovatus LSA, on March 14, 2019, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Innovatus Purchase Agreement”) with certain entities affiliated with Innovatus (the “Innovatus Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 406,504 shares of common stock at $3.69 per share for proceeds of $1.5 million. Upon execution of the Innovatus Purchase Agreement, the Company sold all of such shares to the Innovatus Investors. Because the shares were issued at a discount to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the issuance date, the Company recorded the difference of $0.2 million between the issuance price and fair value which was allocated to the debt on a relative fair value basis.

On March 22, 2019, in connection with the receipt of $20.0 million in funding with respect to the Term A-1 Loan and Term A-2 Loan, the Company issued to Innovatus a warrant to purchase up to 161,987 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.63 per share, which has a term of 10 years. The Company applied the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the warrants, with the following assumptions: a) risk-free rate of 2.43%; b) expected volatility of 66.93%; c) no dividend would be payable; and d) expected life of 10 years. Based on this model, the aggregate relative fair value of the warrants was determined to be $0.6 million. Subject to the terms of the Innovatus LSA, the warrant to be issued in connection with funding

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of the Term B Loan will entitle the Lender to purchase up to 40,496 shares of the Company’s common stock and will have an exercise price of $4.63 per share.

The Company paid issuance fees of approximately $0.8 million which was recorded as part of the debt discount. The issuance fee will be amortized as additional interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method. The Company recognized the fair value of the warrants and the discount of the common stock as a debt discount and along with the issuance costs will amortize these amounts using the effective interest rate method over the life of the applicable term loan. The effective interest rate as of September 30, 2019 was 13.4%.

In May 2019, the Company began to draw down on its $5.0 million revolving line of credit (the Revolver). As of September 30, 2019, the Company has borrowed $3.1 million and has repaid $2.1 million under the Revolver. The Company may repay and reborrow amounts borrowed under the Revolver at any time prior to the March 1, 2024 maturity date without penalty or premium, at which time such amounts will become immediately due and payable. The Company’s obligation to repay amounts borrowed under the Revolver is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including an event of default and a permitted prepayment of the term loans borrowed under the Loan Agreement. The outstanding balance of amounts borrowed under the Revolver bear interest at a rate equal to 2.0% above the variable rate of interest, per annum, most recently announced by the Bank as its “prime rate,” whether or not such announced rate is the lowest rate available from the Bank.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $20.3 million borrowed in term loans and $1.0 million borrowed under the Revolver pursuant to the Innovatus LSA.

Convertible Notes

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) with various investors, which included related parties (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Investors convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”) in the original principal amount of up to $16.0 million. On April 2, 2018, the Company amended the Note Purchase Agreement to, among other things, increase the principal amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to $18.4 million. The Convertible Notes had a maturity date of September 30, 2018 and were convertible either into the Company’s common stock or convertible preferred stock, dependent on the conversion events.

On June 29, 2018, the Note Purchase Agreement was amended to increase the principal amount available for issuance from $18.4 million to $19.4 million.

In August 2018, the outstanding convertible promissory notes of $14.9 million of principal and interest were converted into 3,239,294 shares of common stock upon completion of the IPO.  As of September 30, 2019, there are no convertible notes outstanding.

Summary

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows:

	December 31, 2018
Term loan face value	$	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(176,813		)
End of term charge	(400,000		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(499,354		)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	87,859
Accretion of warrant fair value	17,682
Balance	9,029,374
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	9,029,374

Non-cash interest expense related to debt discount amortization and accretion of end of term fees was $75,741 and $48,461, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $204,259 and $69,791 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectfully.

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Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the Innovatus LSA are as follows:

	September 30, 2019
Term loan face value	$	20,000,000
Warrants issued	(629,830		)
Stock discount issued	(201,789		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(865,555		)
Interest payment-in-kind	319,401
Accretion of debt discount	155,129
Balance	18,777,356
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	18,777,356

Future minimum payments including interest under the Innovatus LSA are as follows as of September 30, 2019:

2019	$	246,507
2020	1,505,249
2021	1,964,030
2022	9,875,878
2023-2024	14,941,449
Total minimum loan payments	$	28,533,113
Unamortized interest	(7,463,712		)
Accretion of debt discount	155,129
End of term charge	(750,000		)
Warrants issued	(629,830		)
Stock discount issued	(201,789		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge	(865,555		)
Term loan	18,777,356
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	18,777,356

8. Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Common Stock

On August 23, 2018, the Company amended and restated its Certificate of Incorporation in connection with the IPO. The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, all of which shares of preferred stock are undesignated. Of the 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, 10,897,522 shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019no stock options were exercised. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the company issued 1,068 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $1,116. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the company issued 50,047 and 1,856 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $65,060 and $3,499, respectively.

Sale of Common Stock

In March 2019, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Aspire Purchase Agreement”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC (“Aspire Capital”) which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations therein, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock,

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subject to certain limitations, including that Aspire Capital is not required to purchase shares if such purchase would result in Aspire Capital (together with its affiliates) beneficially owning more than 19.99% of the Company’s common stock outstanding.

Concurrently with entering into the Aspire Purchase Agreement, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, in which the Company agreed to file one or more registration statements, as permissible and necessary to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the sale of the shares of the Company’s common stock that have been and may be issued to Aspire Capital under the Aspire Purchase Agreement.

Upon execution of the Aspire Purchase Agreement, the Company sold 272,479 shares of the Company’s common stock to Aspire Capital at $3.67 per share for net proceeds of approximately $1.0 million. Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to $9.0 million of additional shares of common stock, subject to beneficial ownership limitations, solely at the Company’s request from time to time during a 30 month period beginning on April 23, 2019 and at a per share purchase price equal to the lesser of:

• the lowest sale price of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date; or

• the average of the three lowest closing sale prices for the Company’s common stock during the ten consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase date.

In consideration for entering into the Aspire Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the Aspire Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 69,444 shares of its common stock to Aspire Capital. The value of these shares was netted against the proceeds received as issuance costs.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Prior to the IPO, there were 121,992,497 shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding. The Company’s convertible preferred stock had been classified as temporary equity in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities.

In August 2018, due to completion of a public offering meeting certain requirements, each 42.8 shares of the Company's convertible preferred stock was converted into one share of common stock at a conversion price of $1.3995 for each share of Series A, B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock and $0.48 for each share of Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Company’s convertible preferred stock had been classified as temporary equity on the accompanying balance sheets in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities. As of September 30, 2019, there are no shares of the Company's convertible preferred stock outstanding.

Stock Options

In August 2018, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) and its stockholders adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), as a successor to and continuation of the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”). Under the 2018 Plan the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other awards to individuals who are then its employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of its affiliates. The Company has initially reserved 1,499,454 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2018 Plan, which is the sum of (1) 1,000,000 new shares, plus (2) the number of shares that remained available for issuance under the 2006 Plan at the time the 2018 Plan became effective, and (3) any shares subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards that were granted under the 2006 Plan that would have otherwise returned to the 2006 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year through January 1, 2028, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of each automatic increase, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Board.

As of September 30, 2019, there were 1,844,061 shares of common stock subject to outstanding options and 305,593 shares of common stock reserved for future stock awards under the 2018 Plan.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:

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	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	1,282,847		$	6.90	9.2
Granted	706,640		3.82
Exercised	(50,047	)	1.30
Cancelled/Expired	(95,379	)	9.83
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	1,844,061		$	5.71	8.8	$	—
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2019	682,462		$	6.51	8.4	$	—

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 the Company granted to its employees options to purchase 29,800 shares with a weighted average exercise price of $2.33 per share. The Company did not grant employee options during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company granted to its employees options to purchase 706,640 shares and 385 shares of its common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $3.82 per share and $6.00 per share, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants was $1.42 per option. The Company did not grant employee options during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants was $2.19 and $2.99 per option, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Research and development	$	58,619	$	43,363	$	169,209	$	131,900
General and administrative	305,841		9,762		820,312		28,651
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	364,460	$	53,125	$	989,521	$	160,551

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee stock option grants were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018	2019		2018
Risk-free interest rate	1.8	%	—	2.4	%	2.5	%
Expected volatility	65.6-68.2%		—	64.3-68.2%		63.0	%
Expected term (in years)	6.1		—	5.1		4.0
Expected dividend yield	0.0	%	—	0.0	%	0.0	%

Risk-free interest rate. The risk-free rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments, the terms of which were consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Expected volatility. Due to the Company’s limited operating history and lack of company-specific historical or implied volatility as a private company, the expected volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities of a group of industry peers whose share prices are publicly available.

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Expected term. The expected term of stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to be outstanding. The Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time its equity shares have been publicly traded.  As a result, the Company uses the simplified method for estimating the expected term as provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options.  

Expected dividend yield. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not intend to pay dividends.

Forfeitures. The Company reduces stock-based compensation expense for actual forfeitures during the period.

As of September 30, 2019 the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options was $3.1 million and is expected to be recognized as expense over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.4 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2018, the Board and the Company’s stockholders adopted the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). A total of 175,000 shares of common stock are initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase each on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2019, through January 1, 2028, by the lesser of (1) 1% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase, (2) 220,000 shares, or (3) a lesser number of shares as determined by the Board. As of September 30, 2019, 66,155 shares of common stock have been purchased under the ESPP.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019
Stock options issued and outstanding	1,844,061
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or employee stock purchase program	305,593
Common Warrants	4,224,494
Total	6,374,148

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases certain office and lab space in San Diego, California under a non-cancelable operating lease, which was amended July 1, 2015 to add laboratory space and office space and extend its terms through December 2020. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $42,949 and $147,522, respectively, including the offset for amortization of leasehold incentive obligation of $56,263 each period and sublease rental income of $105,529 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $128,847 and $442,566, respectively, including the offset for amortization of leasehold incentive obligation of $168,789 and $168,789, respectively, and sublease rental income of $316,587 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2019, are summarized as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Gross Payments		Scheduled Sublease Payments			Net Payments
2019 (3 months remaining)	$	215,664	$	(111,085	)	$	104,579
2020	902,412		(464,334		)	438,078
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,118,076	$	(575,419	)	$	542,657

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Royalty Agreements

The Company has entered into agreements to market and distribute chips and kits used in its instruments. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company is obligated to pay royalties based on sales during each annual license period and is obligated to make minimum payments regardless of the level of sales achieved. The Company accrued $80,096 and $77,400 as of September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Such royalty agreements extend through the life of underlying intellectual property which is affected by patent filing date and jurisdiction. As of September 30, 2019, annual future minimum royalty payments under the Company’s royalty agreements total $90,000 through December 31, 2019 and increase to $110,000 through November 29, 2026.

Purchase Commitments

The Company has a contractual commitment with a supplier to purchase $165,000 of products each quarter for an initial term of two years beginning March 1, 2019. The contract can be terminated on 90 days written notice by either party.

Litigation

The Company is subject to potential liabilities under various claims and legal actions that are pending or may be asserted. These matters arise in the ordinary course and conduct of the business. The Company intends to continue to defend itself vigorously in such matters. The Company regularly assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in the financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on the Company’s assessment, it currently does not have any amount accrued as it is not a defendant in any claims or legal actions.

10. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, United Kingdom and various state jurisdictions. The Company computes its quarterly income tax provision by using a forecasted annual effective tax rate and adjusts for any discrete items arising during the quarter. The primary difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate relates to the full valuation allowance on the Company's U.S. net operating losses.

At September 30, 2019 and 2018 the provision for income taxes reflected on the statements of operations reflect an effective tax rate of (0.06)% and (0.06)% respectively. Federal, state, and foreign income tax expense/(benefit) was $4,486 and $(2,978) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and $13,458 and $6,304 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, management assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and evaluated the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis. This evaluation utilizes the framework contained in ASC 740, Income Taxes, wherein management analyzes all positive and negative evidence available at the balance sheet date to determine whether all or some portion of the Company's deferred tax assets will not be realized. Under this guidance, a valuation allowance must be established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not (a probability level of more than 50 percent) that they will not be realized.  Because of the Company's history of losses and the uncertainty as to the realization of those deferred tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been recognized for the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions.

Utilization of the net operating losses and research and development (“R&D”) credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to ownership change limitations that have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as well as similar state and foreign provisions. These ownership changes may limit the amount of net operating losses and R&D credit carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382 of the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders.

During 2013, the Company completed a Section 382/383 analysis, from inception through December 31, 2012, regarding the limitation of the net operating losses and R&D credits. Based upon the analysis, the Company determined that no ownership changes occurred during that period. However, there may have been ownership changes subsequent to December 31, 2012, that could limit the Company’s ability to utilize the net operating loss and R&D credit carryforwards. The Company plans to complete an analysis prior to using any of the net operating losses and R&D credits.

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11. Subsequent Events

On October 16, 2019, the Company obtained a waiver letter (the “Waiver Letter”) from Innovatus, with respect to certain financial covenants under the Innovatus LSA. Pursuant to the Waiver Letter, Innovatus agreed to allow the Company to cure its noncompliance with a revenue covenant for the three months ended September 30, 2019 so long as the Company (i) raised at least $10 million in gross proceeds from the sale of its securities in an underwritten public offering by October 31, 2019 and (ii) amended that certain Warrant to Purchase Stock, issued by the Company to Innovatus on March 22, 2019 (the "Innovatus Warrant"), to decrease the exercise price of the warrant from $4.63 per share to $0.48 per share. As consideration for the prospective waiver of a liquidity covenant, the Company agreed to issue to Innovatus 572,917 shares of the Company's common stock, and the Company plans to issue such shares of common stock to Innovatus in the near future.

On October 23, 2019, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 10,013,600 shares of its common stock and, to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 10,923,958 shares of its common stock, and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 20,937,558 shares of its common stock. Each share of common stock and pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock was sold together with a common warrant to purchase one share of common stock.

The public offering price of each share of common stock and accompanying common warrant was $0.86 and $0.859 for each pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.001 per share of common stock. The common warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.86 per share of common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, and the accompanying common warrants, were issued separately and were immediately separable upon issuance. The gross proceeds to the Company, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, were approximately $18.0 million.

On October 30, 2019, the Company amended the Innovatus Warrant pursuant to the terms of the Waiver Letter.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, or our Annual Report, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on March 14, 2019. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Bionano Genomics, Inc.

Forward-Looking Statements

The information in this discussion contains forward-looking statements and information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects and plans and objectives of management. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements that we make. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risks set forth in our filings with the SEC. The forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a life sciences instrumentation company in the genome analysis space. We develop and market the Saphyr system, a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate

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the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics. Our Saphyr system comprises an instrument, chip consumables, reagents and a suite of data analysis tools.

Structural variation refers to large-scale structural differences in the genomic DNA of one individual compared to another. Each structural variation involves the rearrangement or repetition of as few as hundreds to as many as tens of millions of DNA base pairs. Those rearrangements may be insertions, deletions, duplications, inversions or translocations of segments of one or more chromosomes. Structural variations may be inherited or arise spontaneously and many cause genetic disorders and diseases. Until our commercial launch of the Saphyr system in February 2017, and since, we believe no products existed or exist that could more comprehensively and cost and time-efficiently detect structural variation.

Our Saphyr system comprises an instrument, chip consumables, reagents and a suite of data analysis tools. Our customers include researchers and clinicians who seek to uncover and understand the biological or clinical impact of genome variation to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with better clinical tests and new medicines or to replace existing cytogenetic tests that are expensive, slow and labor-intense, with a modern solution that simplifies workflow and reduces costs and that has the potential to significantly increase diagnostic yields across the industry. Our customers also include researchers in non-human segments such as agricultural genomics where they seek to advance their understanding of how structural variation impacts industrial applications of plants and animals.

We have incurred losses in each year since our inception. Our net losses were $6.4 million and $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $21.9 million and $12.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $94.7 million.

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses as we:

•expand our sales and marketing efforts to further commercialize our products;

•continue research and development efforts to improve our existing products;

•hire additional personnel;

•enter into collaboration arrangements, if any;

•add operational, financial and management information systems; and

•incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company.

Initial Public Offering

In August 2018, we completed our initial public offering of our common stock, or the IPO, in which we sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of our common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit for net proceeds of $19.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

Recent Developments

On October 23, 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering of 10,013,600 shares of our common stock and, to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 10,923,958 shares of our common stock, and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 20,937,558 shares of our common stock. Each share of common stock and pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock was sold together with a common warrant to purchase one share of common stock. The public offering price of each share of common stock and accompanying common warrant was $0.86 and $0.859 for each pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.001 per share of common stock. The common warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.86 per share of common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, and the accompanying common warrants, were issued separately and were immediately separable upon issuance. We received gross proceeds, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, of approximately $18.0 million.

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Financial Overview

Revenue

We generate product revenue from sales of our instruments and consumables. We currently sell our products for research use only applications and our customers are primarily laboratories associated with academic and governmental research institutions, as well as pharmaceutical, biotechnology and contract research companies. Sales of our consumables have consistently increased due to an increasing number of our instruments being installed in the field, all of which require certain of our consumables to run customers’ specific tests. Consumable revenue consists of sales of complete assays which are developed internally by us, plus sales of kits which contain all the elements necessary to run tests.

Other revenue consists of warranty and other service-based revenue.

The following table presents our revenue for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Product revenue	$	3,162,273	$	2,700,162	$	6,870,257	$	7,618,407
Other revenue	150,724		128,542		470,121		368,791
Total	$	3,312,997	$	2,828,704	$	7,340,378	$	7,987,198

The following table reflects total revenue by geography and as a percentage of total revenue, based on the billing address of our customers. North America consists of the United States and Canada. EMEIA consists of Europe, Middle East, India and Africa. Asia Pacific includes China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Australia.

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
	$		%		$		%		$		%		$		%
North America	$	1,831,253	56	%	$	901,679	32	%	$	4,049,907	55	%	$	3,450,322	43	%
EMEIA	942,705		28	%	1,089,239		38	%	2,367,618		32	%	2,231,349		28	%
Asia Pacific	539,039		16	%	837,786		30	%	922,853		13	%	2,305,527		29	%
Total	$	3,312,997	100	%	$	2,828,704	100	%	$	7,340,378	100	%	$	7,987,198	100	%

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue for our instruments and consumables includes cost from the manufacturer, raw material parts costs and associated freight, shipping and handling costs, contract manufacturer costs, salaries and other personnel costs, overhead and other direct costs related to those sales recognized as product revenue in the period.

Cost of other revenue consists of salaries and other personnel costs and costs related to warranties and other costs of servicing equipment at customer sites.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of salaries and other personnel costs, stock-based compensation, research supplies, third-party development costs for new products, materials for prototypes, and allocated overhead costs that include facility and other overhead costs. We have made substantial investments in research and development since our inception, and plan to continue to make investments in the future. Our research and development efforts have focused primarily on the tasks required to support development and commercialization of new and existing products. We believe that our continued investment in research and development is essential to our long-term competitive position.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel costs, and stock-based compensation for our sales and marketing, finance, legal, human resources and general management, as well as professional services, such as legal and accounting services.

Results of Operations

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Period-to-Period Change
	2019			2018			$			%
Revenues:
Product revenue	$	3,162,273		$	2,700,162		$	462,111		17.1	%
Other revenue	150,724			128,542			22,182			17.3	%
Total revenue	3,312,997			2,828,704			484,293			17.1	%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	2,237,886			3,064,661			(826,775		)	(27.0	)%
Cost of other revenue	137,214			3,671			133,543			3,637.8	%
Total cost of revenue	2,375,100			3,068,332			(693,232		)	(22.6	)%
Operating expense:
Research and development	2,173,905			2,505,137			(331,232		)	(13.2	)%
Selling, general and administrative	4,449,088			3,224,075			1,225,013			38.0	%
Total operating expense	6,622,993			5,729,212			893,781			15.6	%
Loss from operations	(5,685,096		)	(5,968,840		)	283,744			(4.8	)%
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(578,045		)	(404,437		)	(173,608		)	42.9	%
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	—			1,520,159			(1,520,159		)	(100.0	)%
Other expense	(130,539		)	(75,957		)	(54,582		)	71.9	%
Total other income (expense)	(708,584		)	1,039,765			(1,748,349		)	(168.1	)%
Loss before income taxes	(6,393,680		)	(4,929,075		)	(1,464,605		)	29.7	%
Provision for income taxes	(4,486		)	2,978			(7,464		)	(250.6	)%
Net loss	$	(6,398,166	)	$	(4,926,097	)	$	(1,472,069	)	29.9	%

Revenue

Total revenue increased by $0.5 million, or 17.1%, to $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $2.8 million for the same period in 2018. The increase in revenue is driven by substantial growth in our domestic sales, offset by a decline in our international sales. Below is a summary of changes for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018:

•North America revenue increased by $0.9 million, or 103%;

•EMEIA revenue decreased by $0.1 million, or 13%; and

•Asia Pacific revenue decreased by $0.3 million, or 36%.

Cost of Revenue

Total cost of revenue decreased by $0.7 million, or 22.6%, to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3.1 million for the same period in 2018. The Company incurred a $1.3 million expense to write-down the carrying value of Irys instruments on-hand to zero during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Total cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018 decreased primarily due to the the Irys write-down, but is partially offset by an increase in cost of revenue from the increase in sales.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased $0.3 million, or 13.2%, to $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $2.5 million for the same period in 2018. The decrease is primarily from decreased foundry expense, which we incurred to design our consumable production line. Our production line launched in the first half of 2019.

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Decreased foundry expense is offset by increased employee compensation costs due to headcount additions to our Assays and Reagents, Genome Informatics, and Engineering teams in an effort to expand our product offerings and innovation.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $1.2 million, or 38.0%, to $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3.2 million for the same period in 2018. This is primarily the result of increased employee compensation costs resulting from headcount additions to our global sales and marketing teams as well as back-office support teams to assist with the growth of our world-wide product distribution. In addition, in the prior year we reversed a bad debt expense charge of $0.5 million after successfully collecting a receivable that had been reserved for in an allowance for doubtful accounts. Lastly, we incurred increased professional fees to support ongoing business operations and to comply with obligations associated with being a publicly-traded company.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $0.2 million, or 42.9%, to $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.4 million for the same period in 2018, driven by changes in our long-term debt. During that time, the principal balance of our debt increased from $10 million under the MidCap Financial CSA to $20 million under our Loan and Security Agreement with Innovatus Life Sciences Lending Fund I, LP, as further discussed below.

Change in Fair Value of Preferred Stock Warrants and Expirations

Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations decreased to zero for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $1.5 million for the same period 2018. There were no warrants exercisable for our convertible preferred stock following the closing of the IPO in August 2018. Prior to the IPO, we estimated fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants at the time of issuance and subsequent remeasurement using the Black-Scholes-Merton model at each reporting date.  On the date of the IPO and going forward, all outstanding warrants are accounted for as equity and are not subject to remeasurement.

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Comparison of the Nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Period-to-Period Change
	2019			2018			$			%
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	6,870,257		$	7,618,407		$	(748,150	)	(9.8	)%
Other revenue	470,121			368,791			101,330			27.5	%
Total revenue	7,340,378			7,987,198			(646,820		)	(8.1	)%
Cost of revenue:
Cost of product revenue	4,882,771			5,708,704			(825,933		)	(14.5	)%
Cost of other revenue	194,617			14,507			180,110			1,241.5	%
Total cost of revenue	5,077,388			5,723,211			(645,823		)	(11.3	)%
Operating expense:
Research and development	6,681,708			6,962,696			(280,988		)	(4.0	)%
Selling, general and administrative	14,295,695			9,617,814			4,677,881			48.6	%
Total operating expense	20,977,403			16,580,510			4,396,893			26.5	%
Loss from operations	(18,714,413		)	(14,316,523		)	(4,397,890		)	30.7	%
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(1,416,437		)	(1,114,053		)	(302,384		)	27.1	%
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	—			3,991,081			(3,991,081		)	(100.0	)%
Loss on debt extinguishment	(921,496		)	(342,164		)	(579,332		)	169.3	%
Other expense	(848,671		)	(296,973		)	(551,698		)	185.8	%
Total other income (expense)	(3,186,604		)	2,237,891			(5,424,495		)	(242.4	)%
Loss before income taxes	(21,901,017		)	(12,078,632		)	(9,822,385		)	81.3	%
Provision for income taxes	(13,458		)	(6,304		)	(7,154		)	113.5	%
Net loss	$	(21,914,475	)	$	(12,084,936	)	$	(9,829,539	)	81.3	%

Revenue

Total revenue decreased by $0.6 million, or 8.1%, to $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $8.0 million for the same period in 2018. The decrease in revenue is driven by a large decrease in our Asia Pacific sales, offset by increases in our North America and EMEIA sales. Below is a summary of changes for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018:

•North America revenue increased by $0.6 million, or 17%;

•EMEIA revenue increased by $0.2 million, or 6%; and

•Asia Pacific revenue decreased by $1.4 million, or 60%.

Cost of Revenue

Total cost of revenue decreased by $0.6 million, or 11.3%, to $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $5.7 million for the same period in 2018. The Company incurred a $1.3 million expense to write-down the carrying value of Irys instruments on-hand to zero during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The year over year decrease in total cost of revenue is primarily due to the the Irys write-down, but is offset by an increase in the number of instruments sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.3 million, or 4.0%, to $6.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $7.0 million to the same period in 2018. We incurred increased employee compensation costs

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due to headcount additions to our Assays and Regents, Genome Informatics, and Engineering teams in an effort to expand our product offerings and innovation. These expenses were offset by a decrease in foundry-related expenses to design our consumable production line.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $4.7 million, or 48.6%, to $14.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $9.6 million for the same period in 2018. This is primarily the result of increased employee compensation costs resulting from headcount additions to our global sales and marketing teams as well as back-office support teams to assist with the growth of our world-wide product distribution. In addition, we have incurred increased professional fees to support ongoing business operations and to comply with obligations associated with being a publicly-traded company. Lastly, we have increased our marketing and promotional spending in order to help drive sales.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $0.3 million, or 27.1%, to $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.1 million for the same period in 2018, driven by changes in our long-term debt. During that time, the principal balance of our debt increased from $10 million under the MidCap Financial CSA to $20 million under our Loan and Security Agreement with Innovatus Life Sciences Lending Fund I, LP, as further discussed below.

Change in Fair Value of Preferred Stock Warrants and Expirations

Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations decreased to zero for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $4.0 million for the same period in 2018. Prior to the IPO, we estimated fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants at the time of issuance and subsequent remeasurement using the Black-Scholes-Merton model at each reporting date.  On the date of the IPO and going forward, all outstanding warrants are accounted for as equity and are not subject to remeasurement.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment

A loss on debt extinguishment of $0.9 million was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 resulting from the decision to pay-off the Credit and Security Agreement with MidCap Financial Trust prior to its maturity date. Similarly, we recognized a loss of $0.3 million for the same period in 2018 when we paid-off the Western Alliance LSA.

Other Expense

Other expense increased $0.5 million, or 185.8%, to $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.3 million for the same period in 2018. The increase is attributed to a prepayment charge recorded in March 2019 as a result of our decision to pay-off the Credit and Security Agreement with MidCap Financial Trust prior to its maturity date.

Liquidity

Since our inception, we have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations. We incurred net losses of $6.4 million and $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $21.9 million and $12.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $94.7 million and cash and cash equivalents of $8.2 million.

Sources of Liquidity

Prior to August 2018, we financed our operations principally through private placements of our convertible preferred stock, borrowings from credit facilities, and revenue from our commercial operations.

In August 2018, we completed the IPO, in which we sold 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit for net cash proceeds of $19.4 million after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

In March 2019, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement, or the Aspire Purchase Agreement, with Aspire

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Capital Fund, LLC, or Aspire Capital, which provides that, subject to the terms, conditions and limitations thereto, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of shares of our common stock. Upon execution of the Aspire Purchase Agreement, we sold to Aspire Capital 272,479 shares of common stock at $3.67 per share for proceeds of $1.0 million and Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to $9.0 million of additional shares of our common stock at our request from time to time during the 30 month period beginning on April 23, 2019 and at prices based on the market price at the time of each sale, subject to certain conditions. In consideration for entering into the Aspire Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the Aspire Purchase Agreement, we issued to Aspire Capital 69,444 shares of our common stock. As of September 30, 2019, we had issued 341,923 shares of our common stock to Aspire Capital under the Aspire Purchase Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $0.9 million after offering expenses.

In March 2019, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement, or the Innovatus Purchase Agreement, with certain entities affiliated with Innovatus Life Sciences Lending Fund I, LP, or the Innovatus Investors, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell to the Innovatus Investors 406,504 shares of our common stock at $3.69 per share for proceeds of $1.5 million. Upon execution of the Innovatus Purchase Agreement, we sold all of such shares to the Innovatus Investors.

Preferred stock financings

Through the date of our IPO, we raised approximately $129.3 million in net equity proceeds through sales of our preferred stock.

Loan facilities

On March 8, 2016, we entered into a new term Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank, or the Western Alliance LSA, for $7.0 million. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $5.0 million loan with Square 1 Bank, as required by the amended Loan and Security agreement between Square 1 Bank and us.

In February 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended requiring us to secure $21.0 million in funding prior to June 30, 2018. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank agreed to forbear from exercising any of its default remedies set forth in the LSA as a result of our loan default.

On June 13, 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, replacing previously amended funding requirements and requiring us to secure $5.0 million in funding prior to August 3, 2018. Additionally, the amendment restricted our use of all cash collected from customers, received on and after the amendment date, until a total of $2.5 million of collections. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank waived the existing default.

On June 29, 2018, we entered into a new Credit and Security Agreement with MidCap Financial Trust, or the MidCap Financial CSA, which provides for a five-year, $15 million term loan facility. The MidCap Financial CSA was secured by a lien covering substantially all of our assets, including intellectual property. Upon executing the agreement, we drew down a $10.0 million term loan from the credit facility. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $7.0 million balance on the Western Alliance LSA.

On March 14, 2019, we entered into a new Loan and Security Agreement, or the Innovatus LSA, with Innovatus Life Sciences Lending Fund I, LP, or Innovatus, and certain lenders, which provides for borrowings up to $25.0 million pursuant to certain term loans and an additional $5.0 million under a revolving credit line. The Innovatus LSA is secured by a lien covering substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property. On March 22, 2019, we drew down $20.0 million in term loans from the Innovatus LSA. These loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding balance under the MidCap Financial CSA. Beginning in May 2019, we began drawing down on the revolving credit line. Our year-to-date borrowings have totaled $3.1 million, with corresponding repayments of $2.1 million. On June 25, 2019, the Innovatus LSA was amended to among other things: (i) extend the deadline for us to maintain our domestic depository and operating accounts with East West Bank, subject to a control agreement in favor of Innovatus, to July 31, 2019 and (ii) permit us to incur credit card indebtedness in an amount not to exceed $150,000. As of September 30, 2019, we borrowed $20.3 million in term loans and $1.0 million under the revolving credit line pursuant to the Innovatus LSA.

See Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of terms and provisions to the Western Alliance LSA, the MidCap Financial CSA, and the Innovatus LSA.

Note purchase agreement

On February 9, 2018, we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with various investors, which included related parties, or the Investors, pursuant to which we agreed to sell the Investors 8% Convertible Promissory Notes, or the Convertible Notes,

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in the original principal amount up to approximately $16.0 million. On April 2, 2018, we amended the Note Purchase Agreement to, among other things, increase the principal amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to approximately $18.4 million. In addition, in connection with the MidCap Financial CSA, we again amended the Note Purchase Agreement to increase the amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to approximately $19.4 million. The Convertible Notes had a maturity date of September 30, 2018 and were convertible either into our common stock or preferred stock, dependent on the conversion events as described in Note 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018 the outstanding convertible promissory notes of $14.3 million and accrued interest was converted into 3,239,294 shares of common stock upon completion of the IPO.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods presented:

Net cash provided by (used in):	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Operating activities	$	(20,045,188	)	$	(15,853,679	)
Investing activities	(38,390		)	(319,885		)
Financing activities	11,785,650			35,808,706

Operating Activities

We derive cash flows from operations primarily from the sale of our products and services. Our cash flows from operating activities are also significantly influenced by our use of cash for operating expenses to support the growth of our business. We have historically experienced negative cash flows from operating activities as we have developed our technology, expanded our business and built our infrastructure and this may continue in the future.

Net cash used in operating activities was $20.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $15.9 million during the same period in 2018. The increase in cash used in operating activities of $4.2 million is attributed to increased headcount across all business segments, increased professional fees to support ongoing business operations and to comply with obligations associated with being a publicly-traded company, and increased investments in marketing and promotions. These increases are partly offset by lower rent expense as a result of us subleasing one of our leased facilities in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Investing Activities

Historically, our primary investing activities have consisted of capital expenditures for the purchase of capital equipment to support our expanding infrastructure. We expect to continue to incur additional costs for capital expenditures related to these efforts in future periods.

There was no significant cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as well as for the same period in 2018.

Financing Activities

Historically, we have financed our operations principally through equity and debt financings, borrowings from credit facilities, as well as gross profits from our commercial operations, including the Innovatus LSA, our August 2018 IPO and our October 2019 public offering.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $11.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $35.8 million during the same period in 2018, a decrease of $24.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 we had net proceeds of $11.0 million from the Innovatus LSA and Innovatus Purchase Agreement, as well as from the Aspire Purchase Agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 we had net proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes of $14.3 million, IPO net proceeds of $19.4 million, and net debt proceeds of $2.0 million. 

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Capital Resources

We performed an analysis of our ability to continue as a going concern. We believe, based on our current business plan, that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will not be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for at least the next 12 months, which raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. See Note 1 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information.

We plan to continue to fund our operations through cash and cash equivalents on hand, as well as through public or private equity or debt financings, strategic collaborations, licensing arrangements, asset sales, or other arrangements. There can be no assurance that additional funds will be available when needed from any source or, if available, will be available on terms that are acceptable to us. Even if we raise additional capital, we may also be required to modify, delay or abandon some of our plans which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition and our ability to achieve our intended business objectives. Any of these actions could materially harm our business, results of operations and future prospects.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules, and similarly did not and do not have any holdings in variable interest entities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There were no material changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended September 30, 2019.     

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information concerning recent accounting pronouncements.

ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of September 30, 2019, our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934). Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

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Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based upon the evaluation described above, that as of September 30, 2019 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Except for the risk factors set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2019. The risks described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

An active trading market for our common stock may not be sustained.

Our shares of common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market on September 21, 2018. Given the limited trading history of our common stock, there is a risk that an active trading market for our shares will not be sustained, which could put downward pressure on the market price of our common stock and thereby affect the ability of our stockholders to sell their shares.

If we are not able to comply with the applicable continued listing requirements or standards of The Nasdaq Capital Market, Nasdaq could delist our common stock.

Our ability to publicly or privately sell equity securities and the liquidity of our common stock could be adversely affected if we are delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market or if we are unable to transfer our listing to another stock market. Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain this listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other continued listing requirements and standards, including a requirement to maintain a minimum of $2.5 million in stockholder equity.

For example, in a letter dated August 16, 2019, or the Notice, we were notified by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, that we failed to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market because our stockholder’s equity, as reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2019, is below the required minimum of $2.5 million. The Notice also indicated that, as of August 13, 2019, we do not meet the alternative compliance standards relating to the market value of listed securities of $35 million or net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently completed fiscal year or in two of the last three most recently completed fiscal years, and therefore could be subject to delisting if we did not submit a plan to regain compliance within 45 calendar days of August 16, 2019.

In September 2019, we submitted a plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance. On October 16, 2019, Nasdaq granted us until February 12, 2020 to provide evidence of compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b), subject to certain requirements, including that we complete our October 2019 public offering by October 31, 2019, periodically update Nasdaq regarding any additional proceeds received from the sale of shares of our capital stock pursuant to our March 2019 common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, and publicly disclose evidence of our compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b). Although we completed our October 2019 public offering, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance. If we do not regain compliance by the end of the extension period granted by Nasdaq, or if we fail to satisfy another Nasdaq requirement for continued listing, Nasdaq staff could provide notice that our common stock will become subject to delisting. In such event, Nasdaq rules permit us to appeal the decision to reject our proposed compliance plan or any delisting determination to a Nasdaq Hearings Panel. Accordingly, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to maintain our Nasdaq listing.

If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, it could lead to a number of negative implications, including an adverse effect on the price of our common stock, increased volatility in our common stock, reduced liquidity in our common stock, the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws and greater difficulty in obtaining financing. In addition, delisting of our common stock could deter broker-dealers from making a market in or otherwise seeking or generating interest in our common stock, could result

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in a loss of current or future coverage by certain sell-side analysts and might deter certain institutions and persons from investing in our securities at all. Delisting could also cause a loss of confidence of our customers, collaborators, vendors, suppliers and employees, which could harm our business and future prospects.

If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible to trade on the OTC Bulletin Board, OTC-QB or another over-the-counter market. Any such alternative would likely result in it being more difficult for us to raise additional capital through the public or private sale of equity securities and for investors to dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of, our common stock. In addition, there can be no assurance that our common stock would be eligible for trading on any such alternative exchange or markets. Moreover, if our common stock is delisted, it may come within the definition of “penny stock” under the Exchange Act, which imposes additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. For example, we and/or broker-dealers are required to make a special suitability determination for purchases of such securities and must receive a purchaser’s written consent to the transaction prior to any purchase. Additionally, unless exempt, prior to a transaction involving a penny stock, the penny stock rules require the delivery of a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market. The broker-dealer must also disclose the commissions payable to the broker-dealer, current quotations for the securities and, if the broker-dealer is the sole market-maker for the security, the fact that they are the sole market-maker and their presumed control over the market. Finally, monthly statements disclosing recent price information on the limited market in penny stocks must be sent to holders of such penny stocks. These requirements may reduce trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock and may impact the ability or willingness of broker-dealers to sell our securities which could limit the ability of stockholders to sell their securities in the public market and limit our ability to attract and retain qualified employees or raise additional capital in the future.

The terms of our debt facility place restrictions on our operating and financial flexibility, and failure to comply with covenants or to satisfy certain conditions of the agreement governing the debt facility may result in acceleration of our repayment obligations and foreclosure on our pledged assets, which could significantly harm our liquidity, financial condition, operating results, business and prospects and cause the price of our securities to decline.

On March 14, 2019, we entered into a new Loan and Security Agreement, or the Innovatus LSA, with Innovatus Life Sciences Lending Fund I, LP, or Innovatus, and certain lenders, which provides for borrowings up to $25.0 million pursuant to certain term loans and an additional $5.0 million under a revolving credit line. The Innovatus LSA is secured by a lien covering substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property. On March 22, 2019, we drew down $20.0 million in term loans from the Innovatus LSA. The remaining $5 million may be drawn upon satisfaction of certain conditions. On May 23, 2019, we drew down an additional $1.1 million under the revolving credit line, and in June 2019, we repaid $0.3 million of this borrowed amount. As of September 30, 2019, we have borrowed approximately $20.3 million in term loans and $1.0 million under the revolving credit line pursuant to the Loan Agreement.

The outstanding principal balance under the Innovatus LSA is secured by a lien covering substantially all of our assets, including our intellectual property. The Innovatus LSA requires us to comply with a number of covenants (affirmative and negative), including restrictive covenants that limit our ability to: incur additional indebtedness; encumber the collateral securing the loan; acquire, own or make investments; repurchase or redeem any class of stock or other equity interest; declare or pay any cash dividend or make a cash distribution on any class of stock or other equity interest; transfer a material portion of our assets; acquire other businesses; and merge or consolidate with or into any other organization or otherwise suffer a change in control, in each case subject to exceptions. Our intellectual property is also subject to customary negative covenants. The Innovatus LSA also includes standard events of default, including a provision that Innovatus could declare an event of default upon the occurrence of any event that it interprets as having a material adverse effect upon our business, operations, properties, assets, or financial condition or upon our ability to perform or pay the secured obligations under the Innovatus LSA or upon the collateral or the liens on the collateral under the agreement, thereby requiring us to repay the loan immediately, together with a prepayment fee and other applicable fees.

In connection with the audit of our 2018 financial statements, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm expressed an unqualified opinion and included an explanatory paragraph relating to substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. In the future, Innovatus may determine that the underlying circumstances resulting in the receipt of a going concern explanatory paragraph in the auditor opinion for our 2018 financial statements either on their own, or together with contemporaneous events or circumstances, such as a failure to timely secure additional funding, constitute a material adverse effect upon our business, operations, properties, assets, or financial condition or upon our ability to perform or pay the secured obligations under the Innovatus LSA.

If we default under the Innovatus LSA, Innovatus may accelerate all of our repayment obligations and, if we are unable to access funds to meet those obligations or to renegotiate our agreement, Innovatus could take control of our pledged assets and we could immediately cease operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we did not achieve a certain revenue

35

covenant under the Innovatus LSA. Although we subsequently received a waiver from Innovatus for the Company’s non-compliance with this revenue covenant, such that our non-compliance with the revenue covenant was deemed cured and no event of default under the Innovatus LSA had occurred, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with the covenants in the Innovatus LSA in the future. If we were unable to obtain a waiver of any breach under the Innovatus LSA, Innovatus could declare an event of default or require us to renegotiate the Innovatus LSA on terms that may be significantly less favorable to us. If we were liquidated, Innovatus’ right to repayment would be senior to the rights of our stockholders to receive any proceeds from the liquidation. Any declaration by Innovatus of an event of default could significantly harm our liquidity, financial condition, operating results, business, and prospects and cause the price of our securities to decline.

We may incur additional indebtedness in the future. The debt instruments governing such indebtedness may contain provisions that are as, or more, restrictive than the provisions governing our existing indebtedness under the Innovatus LSA. If we are unable to repay, refinance or restructure our indebtedness when payment is due, the lenders could proceed against the collateral or force us into bankruptcy or liquidation.

Our recurring losses, negative cash flows, significant accumulated deficit, and recent non-compliance with an Innovatus LSA covenant have raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

Since inception, we have experienced recurring operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities, and have significant accumulated deficit. In addition, although we have since cured such non-compliance, we were recently out of compliance with a minimum revenue covenant under the Innovatus LSA. We expect to continue to generate operating losses and consume significant cash resources for the foreseeable future and there can be no assurance as to our ability to remain in compliance with the Innovatus LSA. Without additional financing, these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, meaning that we may be unable to continue operations for the foreseeable future or realize assets and discharge liabilities in the ordinary course of operations. For example, in connection with the audit of our 2018 financial statements, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm expressed an unqualified opinion and included an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Similarly, future reports from our independent registered public accounting firm may also contain statements expressing doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we seek additional financing to fund our business activities in the future and there remains doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may have to liquidate our assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on our consolidated financial statements, and it is likely that investors will lose all or a part of their investment.

We have never paid dividends and we do not intend to pay dividends on our capital stock.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our capital stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant. Accordingly, realization of a gain on your investment will depend on the appreciation of the price of our securities, which may never occur. In addition, the Innovatus LSA contains a negative covenant which prohibits us from paying dividends without the prior written consent of Innovatus.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

36

None.

37

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Description
3.1 (1)	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
3.2 (1)	Amended and Restated Bylaws.
4.1 (2)	Form of Common Stock Certificate.
4.2 (2)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series B-1 Preferred Stock issued to Square 1 Bank.
4.3 (2)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series D Preferred Stock issued to Western Alliance Bank.
4.4 (2)	Warrant to Purchase Series D-1 Preferred Stock issued to Western Alliance Bank.
4.5 (2)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Series D-1 Preferred Stock issued to MidCap Financial Trust.
4.6 (2)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock issued to Underwriters in Initial Public Offering.
4.7 (2)	Form of Warrant Certificate (included in Exhibit 4.8).
4.8 (2)	Form of Warrant Agent Agreement by and between the Registrant and American Stock Transfer & Trust
4.9 (3)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock for Service Providers.
4.10 (4)	Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock for Innovatus.
4.11 (4)	Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 14, 2019, between the Company and Aspire Capital Fund, LLC.
4.12 (4)	Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 14, 2019, by and among the Company and the Innovatus Investors.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 promulgated pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 24, 2018.

(2) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-225970), as amended.

(3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2018.

(4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 14, 2019.

* This certification is deemed not filed for purpose of section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

38

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	BIONANO GENOMICS, INC.
Date: November 7, 2019	By: /s/ R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.
	R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.
	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 7, 2019	By: /s/ Mike Ward
	Mike Ward
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

39

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, R. Erik Holmlin, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Bionano Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “registrant”);

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 7, 2019

/s/ R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.

R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Mike Ward, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Bionano Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “registrant”);

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: November 7, 2019

/s/ Mike Ward

Mike Ward

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, R. Erik Holmlin, Chief Executive Officer of Bionano Genomics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the ”Company”), and Mike Ward, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his knowledge:

1.    the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Periodic Report”), and to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and

2.    the information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated:     November 7, 2019
/s/ R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.	/s/ Mike Ward
R. Erik Holmlin, Ph.D.	Mike Ward
President and Chief Executive Officer	Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

This certification accompanies and is being “furnished”with this Periodic Report, shall not be deemed “filed” by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to liability under that Section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Periodic Report, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

XML

Organization and Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details)			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 15, 2018	Jul. 16, 2018	Aug. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2019 shares	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of securities called by each warrant or right | shares			1
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants					$ 84,676
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount						$ 0	$ 14,898,326
Conversion ratio	0.5	0.0467
Accumulated deficit						(94,676,903)		$ (72,762,428)
Net cash used in operating activities						(20,045,188)	$ (15,853,679)	19,900,000
Cash and cash equivalents						$ 8,224,801		$ 16,522,729
Common Stock
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold (shares) | shares				748,427	3,864,000
Number of securities called by each IPO unit | shares			1
Common warrants
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of securities called by each IPO unit | shares			1
Initial Public Offering
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold (shares) | shares			3,864,000
Offering price per unit | $ / shares			$ 6.125
Net cash proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions			$ 19,400,000
Underwriters' discounts and commissions			2,200,000
Offering expenses			$ 2,100,000
Number of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock (shares) | shares			2,850,280
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants			$ 84,676
Fair value of warrants			$ 400,000
Percentage of offering price per unit			100.00%
Initial Public Offering | Common Stock
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount			$ 14,900,000
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, shares | shares			3,239,294		2,850,280
Initial Public Offering | Maximum
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Issuance of warrants to underwriters to purchase of common stock | shares			115,920
Underwriters Over-Allotment Option
Organization And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Number of units sold (shares) | shares			504,000

XML

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued compensation expenses	$	1,969,293	$	1,832,630
Accrued professional services	206,157		76,224
Accrued royalties	80,096		119,630
Accrued other	1,176,455		871,645
Total	$	3,432,001	$	2,900,129

XML

Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Including Interest (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 18,777,356	$ 9,029,374
Innovatus LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2019	246,507
2020	1,505,249
2021	1,964,030
2022	9,875,878
2023-2024	14,941,449
Total minimum loan payments	28,533,113
Unamortized interest	(7,463,712)
Accretion of debt discount	155,129
End of term charge	(750,000)
Warrants issued	(629,830)
Stock discount issued	(201,789)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge	(865,555)
Balance	18,777,356
Less current portion	0
Long-term debt	$ 18,777,356

XML

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Summary of Stock Option Activity Under 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan (Details) - 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan - 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Shares
Beginning balance (shares) | shares	1,282,847
Granted (shares) | shares	706,640
Exercised (shares) | shares	(50,047)
Canceled (shares) | shares	(95,379)
Ending balance (shares) | shares	1,844,061	1,282,847
Vested and exercisable (shares) | shares	682,462
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.90
Granted (USD per share) | $ / shares	3.82
Exercised (USD per share) | $ / shares	1.30
Canceled (USD per share) | $ / shares	9.83
Ending balance (USD per share) | $ / shares	5.71	$ 6.90
Vested and exercisable (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.51
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term
Outstanding	8 years 9 months 18 days	9 years 2 months 12 days
Vested and exercisable	8 years 4 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Beginning balance | $
Exercised | $
Ending balance | $	0
Vested and exercisable | $	$ 0

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Required under Non-Cancelable Leases (Details)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Gross Payments
2019 (3 months remaining)	$ 215,664
2020	902,412
Total minimum lease payments	1,118,076
Scheduled Sublease Payments
2019 (3 months remaining)	(111,085)
2020	(464,334)
Total minimum lease payments	(575,419)
Net Payments
2019 (3 months remaining)	104,579
2020	438,078
Total minimum lease payments	$ 542,657

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 8,224,801	$ 16,522,729
Accounts receivable, net	6,000,783	4,514,333
Inventory	2,595,095	1,068,557
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,018,689	919,500
Total current assets	17,839,368	23,025,119
Property and equipment, net	1,367,940	1,777,302
Total assets	19,207,308	24,802,421
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,634,279	1,351,736
Accrued expenses	3,432,001	2,900,129
Deferred revenue	417,891	270,998
Line of credit	953,094	0
Total current liabilities	7,437,265	4,522,863
Long-term debt	18,777,356	9,029,374
Long-term deferred revenue	224,088	304,467
Other non-current liabilities	147,115	808,366
Total liabilities	26,585,824	14,665,070
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 200,000,000 and 200,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively; 10,897,522 and 10,055,072 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	1,088	1,004
Additional paid-in capital	87,297,299	82,898,775
Accumulated deficit	(94,676,903)	(72,762,428)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	(7,378,516)	10,137,351
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	$ 19,207,308	$ 24,802,421

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - Initial Public Offering	1 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018 shares
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for convertible preferred stock	0
Warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock	37,200,000
Warrants expired on the effective date	35,700,000
Remaining warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock adjusted to become exercisable for common stock	1,500,000

XML

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Accrued compensation expenses	$ 1,969,293	$ 1,832,630
Accrued professional services	206,157	76,224
Accrued royalties	80,096	119,630
Accrued other	1,176,455	871,645
Total	$ 3,432,001	$ 2,900,129

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating activities:
Net loss				$ (21,914,475)	$ (12,084,936)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation	$ 278,182	$ 391,246		814,984	1,169,801
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	0	(1,520,159)		0	(3,991,081)
Interest payment-in-kind				319,401	0
Stock-based compensation				989,521	160,551
Provision for bad debt expense				0	(262,000)
Accretion of debt discount				204,259	121,984
Loss on debt extinguishment	0	0		921,496	342,164
Long-term debt prepayment fees			$ 0	412,000
Employee stock purchase plan compensation				102,815	0
Inventory write-off				0	1,287,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable				(1,486,450)	(386,710)
Inventory				(1,886,083)	(2,101,453)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets				98,102	(276,263)
Accounts payable				1,042,103	60,788
Accrued expenses and other liabilities				337,139	106,476
Net cash used in operating activities				(20,045,188)	(15,853,679)	$ 19,900,000
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment				(38,390)	(319,885)
Net cash used in investing activities				(38,390)	(319,885)
Financing activities:
Repayment of long-term debt				(10,812,000)	(7,447,571)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs				19,169,903	9,532,957
Proceeds from issuance of convertible note, net of issuance costs				0	14,329,843
Proceeds from borrowing on line of credit				3,084,340	0
Repayments of borrowing from line of credit				(2,131,246)	0
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of offering costs				2,409,593	0
Proceeds from Initial Public Offering, net of offering costs				0	19,389,978
Proceeds from option exercises				65,060	3,499
Net cash provided by financing activities				11,785,650	35,808,706
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents				(8,297,928)	19,635,142
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			$ 1,021,897	16,522,729	1,021,897	1,021,897
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 8,224,801	$ 20,657,038		8,224,801	20,657,038	$ 16,522,729
Supplemental schedule on non-cash transactions:
Property and equipment costs incurred but not paid included in accounts payable and accrued expenses				7,687	0
Transfer of instruments from property and equipment into inventory				0	106,617
Fair value of warrants issued with debt classified as a liability				629,830	176,813
Transfer of instruments and servers from inventory to property and equipment				359,545	0
Fair value of stock issued with debt classified as a liability				201,789	0
Deferred equity issuance costs in accounts payable and accrued liabilities				197,291	0
Debt issuance costs in accounts payable and accrued liabilities				35,458	0
Conversion of convertible note into common stock				0	14,898,326
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock and common stock warrants				0	84,676
Final payment due in connection with the repayment of debt classified in other long-term liabilities				$ 0	$ 400,000

XML

Commitment and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases certain office and lab space in San Diego, California under a non-cancelable operating lease, which was amended July 1, 2015 to add laboratory space and office space and extend its terms through December 2020. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $42,949 and $147,522, respectively, including the offset for amortization of leasehold incentive obligation of $56,263 each period and sublease rental income of $105,529 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $128,847 and $442,566, respectively, including the offset for amortization of leasehold incentive obligation of $168,789 and $168,789, respectively, and sublease rental income of $316,587 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2019, are summarized as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Gross Payments		Scheduled Sublease Payments			Net Payments
2019 (3 months remaining)	$	215,664	$	(111,085	)	$	104,579
2020	902,412		(464,334		)	438,078
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,118,076	$	(575,419	)	$	542,657

Royalty Agreements

The Company has entered into agreements to market and distribute chips and kits used in its instruments. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company is obligated to pay royalties based on sales during each annual license period and is obligated to make minimum payments regardless of the level of sales achieved. The Company accrued $80,096 and $77,400 as of September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Such royalty agreements extend through the life of underlying intellectual property which is affected by patent filing date and jurisdiction. As of September 30, 2019, annual future minimum royalty payments under the Company’s royalty agreements total $90,000 through December 31, 2019 and increase to $110,000 through November 29, 2026.

Purchase Commitments

The Company has a contractual commitment with a supplier to purchase $165,000 of products each quarter for an initial term of two years beginning March 1, 2019. The contract can be terminated on 90 days written notice by either party.

Litigation

The Company is subject to potential liabilities under various claims and legal actions that are pending or may be asserted. These matters arise in the ordinary course and conduct of the business. The Company intends to continue to defend itself vigorously in such matters. The Company regularly assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in the financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on the Company’s assessment, it currently does not have any amount accrued as it is not a defendant in any claims or legal actions.

XML

Property and Equipment, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, net

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Computer and office equipment	$	476,402		$	476,402
Lab equipment	4,633,693			4,437,794
Service equipment placed at customer sites	359,546			149,823
Leasehold improvements	1,875,647			1,875,647
	7,345,288			6,939,666
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,977,348		)	(5,162,364		)
	$	1,367,940		$	1,777,302

The Company recorded depreciation expense of $278,182 and $391,246 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $814,984 and $1,169,801 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, in operating expenses.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows (unaudited):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Materials and supplies	$	702,603	$	161,468
Finished goods	1,892,492		907,089
Total	$	2,595,095	$	1,068,557

Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities not Included in Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares):

	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018
Common stock options	1,844,061	415,137
Common warrants	4,224,494	4,015,013
Total	6,068,555	4,430,150

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Nov. 29, 2026
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Rent expense	$ 42,949	$ 147,522	$ 128,847	$ 442,566
Amortization of the leasehold incentive obligation	56,263	$ 56,263	168,789	168,789
Sublease income	105,529		316,587
Amount of royalty expense paid			80,096	$ 77,400
Annual future minimum royalty payments	$ 90,000		$ 90,000
Contractual commitment with supplier to purchase products remainder of fiscal year					$ 165,000
Initial purchase period					2 years
Termination period					90 days
Scenario, Forecast
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Annual future minimum royalty payments						$ 110,000

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Aug. 23, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (shares)	10,897,522	10,055,072
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares)	10,897,522	10,055,072

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]
Prepayment to supplier	$ 100,000	$ 74,685
Prepaid insurance	223,514	460,684
Other current assets	695,175	384,131
Total	$ 1,018,689	$ 919,500

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - Western Alliance LSA (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 29, 2018	Jun. 13, 2018	Dec. 09, 2016	Mar. 08, 2016	Dec. 31, 2018	Nov. 18, 2018	Aug. 31, 2018	Feb. 28, 2018
Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan	$ 7,000,000
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock					$ 6.99
Required secure funding		$ 5,000,000						$ 21,000,000
Total cash collected from customers		$ 2,500,000
Prepayment fee					$ 160,000	$ 210,000
Western Alliance LSA | Series D and D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock							$ 20.56
Shares of common stock							11,925
Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock							$ 20.56
Shares of common stock							6,814
Term Loan | Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from loan				$ 7,000,000
Term Loan | Western Alliance LSA | Series D and D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares issued				510,417
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock				$ 0.48
Term Loan | Western Alliance LSA | Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense				$ 65,384
Term Loan | Western Alliance LSA | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares issued			291,667
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense			$ 34,300
Term Loan | Square One Loan And Security Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan				$ 5,000,000

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Organization and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Bionano Genomics, Inc. (the “Company”) formed in January 2003 as BioNanomatrix LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. In August 2007, the Company became BioNanomatrix Inc., a Delaware corporation. In October 2011, the Company changed its name to BioNano Genomics, Inc., and in July 2018, it changed its name to Bionano Genomics, Inc.

The Company is a life sciences instrumentation company in the genome analysis space. The Company currently develops and markets the Saphyr system, a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics.

Initial Public Offering

In August 2018, the Company completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”), in which it sold an aggregate of 3,864,000 units (each unit consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock) at a public offering price of $6.125 per unit, which included the sale of 504,000 units pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.   The Company received net cash proceeds of $19.4 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $2.2 million and other offering expenses of $2.1 million.

In addition, each of the following occurred in connection with the completion of the IPO in August 2018:

• The conversion of all outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock into an aggregate 2,850,280 shares of common stock.

• The automatic adjustment of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants; the entire $84,676 balance of preferred stock warrant liability was reclassified as additional paid-in-capital.  In addition, the Company issued warrants to the IPO underwriters to purchase up to 115,920 shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.4 million.

• The conversion of an aggregate of $14.9 million of outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest into an aggregate of 3,239,294 shares of common stock.

Each unit offered in the IPO consisted of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share common stock. Each warrant to purchase common stock contained in the unit entitled the holder to purchase one share of common stock at an initial exercise price of $6.125 per share (100% of the offering price per unit), subject to adjustment. The warrants and shares of common stock traded together as units for 30 days following the IPO.  After 30 days of trading, the units automatically separated and the common stock and warrants began trading separately.  

Reverse Stock Splits

On July 16, 2018, the Company effected a one-for-21.4 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock, and on August 15, 2018, the Company effected an additional one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock and a proportional adjustment to the existing conversion ratios for each series of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect these reverse stock splits and adjustments of the preferred stock conversion ratios.

Basis of Presentation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of the Company's management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, changes in equity, and comprehensive loss and cash flows for each period presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2019 (the “2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). The consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited 2018 consolidated financial statements included in the 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Going Concern

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, the Company is required to perform a two-step analysis regarding its ability to continue as a going concern. The Company must first evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (step 1). If the Company concludes that substantial doubt is raised, the Company is also required to consider whether its plans alleviate that doubt (step 2).

The Company has experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception and expects to continue to incur net losses into the foreseeable future. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $72.8 million and $94.7 million as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company used $19.9 million cash in operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 and has used $20.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $16.5 million and $8.2 million as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company expects operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for at least the next year as the Company continues to incur costs related to research and commercialization efforts. The Company has prepared cash flow forecasts which indicate that based on the Company’s expected operating losses and negative cash flows, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within twelve months after the date that the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019, are issued.

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise additional funding. The Company has plans to raise additional capital through equity offerings or debt financings to fulfill its operating and capital requirements for at least 12 months and to maintain compliance with the Innovatus LSA covenants. The Company’s plans include continuing to fund its operating losses and capital funding needs through equity or debt financings, strategic collaborations, licensing arrangements, asset sales, or other arrangements. However, the Company may not be able to secure such financing in a timely manner or on favorable terms, if at all. Furthermore, if the Company issues equity securities to raise additional funds, its existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of the Company’s existing stockholders. If the Company raises additional funds through collaboration, licensing or other similar arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to its products or proprietary technologies or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to the Company. If the Company does not have or is not able to obtain sufficient funds, it may have to reduce commercialization efforts or delay its development of new products. The Company also may have to reduce marketing, customer support or other resources devoted to its products or cease operations.

In a letter dated August 16, 2019 (the "Notice), the Company was notified by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, that the Company failed to comply with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market because the Company’s stockholder’s equity, as reported in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2019, is below the required minimum of $2.5 million. The Notice also indicated that, as of August 13, 2019, the Company did not meet the alternative compliance standards relating to the market value of listed securities of $35 million or net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently completed fiscal year or in two of the last three most recently completed fiscal years, and therefore could be subject to delisting if the Company did not submit a plan to regain compliance within 45 calendar days of August 16, 2019.

In September 2019, the Company submitted a plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance. On October 16, 2019, Nasdaq granted the Company until February 12, 2020 to provide evidence of compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b), subject to certain requirements, including that the Company complete an October 2019 public offering by October 31, 2019, periodically update Nasdaq regarding any additional proceeds received from the sale of shares of our capital stock pursuant to our March 2019 common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, and publicly disclose evidence of compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b). Although the Company completed a public offering in October 2019, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance. If the Company does not regain compliance by the end of the extension period granted by Nasdaq, or if the Company fails to satisfy another Nasdaq requirement for continued listing, Nasdaq staff could provide notice that the Company’s common stock will become subject to delisting. In such event, Nasdaq rules permit the Company to appeal the decision to reject the proposed compliance plan or any delisting determination to a Nasdaq Hearings Panel. Accordingly, there can be no guarantee that the Company will be able to maintain our Nasdaq listing.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of the Company's management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, changes in equity, and comprehensive loss and cash flows for each period presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2019 (the “2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). The consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited 2018 consolidated financial statements included in the 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of each customer’s credit history, financial condition, and other factors. Estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due, and economic and other factors. Bad debt expense is recorded as necessary to maintain an appropriate level of allowance for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expense.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory includes raw materials and finished goods that may be used in the research and development process and such items are expensed as consumed or expired. Provisions for slow-moving, excess, and obsolete inventories are estimated based on product life cycles, historical experience, and usage forecasts.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Product Revenue

Product revenue represents the sale of the Company’s instruments and consumables to third parties. Timing of revenue recognition on instrument sales is based upon when delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.

The majority of the Company’s instruments contain embedded operating systems and other software which is included in the purchase price of the instrument. The software is deemed incidental to the system as a whole as it is not sold or marketed separately and its production costs are minor compared to those of the hardware system. Hardware and software elements are both delivered when ownership is transferred to the customer. Hardware upgrades, which are made available to customers for purchase, are recognized as revenue when delivered and all revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

Installation services for direct sale customers are performed at the same time or shortly after the product is delivered and require only a minimal effort to complete. The Company believes installation is a perfunctory service and is not material to its obligations in the contract.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes revenue from extended service contracts and other services that may be performed. Revenue for extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the service period. Revenue for other services is generally recognized based on proportional performance of the contract, when the Company’s ability to complete project requirements is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for on-going service arrangements. Most of these services are completed in a short period of time from the receipt of the customer’s order. When significant risk exists in the Company’s ability to fulfill project requirements, revenue is recognized upon completion of the contract.

Multiple Element Arrangements

The Company regularly enters into contracts where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables, including products or services. These contracts typically include an instrument, consumables, and extended service contracts. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the individual units of accounting determined to exist in the contract. A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Items are considered to have stand-alone value when they are sold separately by any vendor or when the customer could resell the item on a stand-alone basis.

For transactions with multiple deliverables, consideration is allocated at the inception of the contract to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence exists, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price using average selling prices over an appropriate period coupled with an assessment of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company considers its approved standard prices adjusted for applicable discounts.

In order to establish VSOE of selling price, the Company must regularly sell the product or service on a standalone basis with a substantial majority priced within a relatively narrow range. In cases where there is not a sufficient number of standalone sales and VSOE of selling price cannot be determined, then the Company utilizes third-party evidence to establish selling price.

Distributor Transactions

In certain markets, the Company sells products and provides services to customers through distributors that specialize in life sciences products. In cases where the product is delivered to a distributor, revenue recognition generally occurs when title transfers to the distributor. The terms of sales transactions through distributors are generally consistent with the terms of direct sales to customers and do not contain return rights. Distributor sales transactions typically differ from direct customer sales as they do not require the Company’s services to install the instrument at the end customer or perform the services for the customer that are beyond the standard warranty in the first year following the sale. These transactions are accounted for in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy described herein.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company and its chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include outstanding stock options under the Company’s equity incentive plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On April 5, 2012, the Jump-Start Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an emerging growth company. As an emerging growth company, the Company may elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards when they become effective for non-public companies, which typically is later than when public companies must adopt the standards. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act and, as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for emerging growth companies, which are the dates included below.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-9 completes the joint effort by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-9 applies to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has adopted the new guidance during the current annual period and will reflect the effects of such adoption, including the additional required disclosures, in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The adoption will not have a significant impact on those financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” The new topic supersedes Topic 840, “Leases,” and increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2016-2 mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior period. The Company anticipates implementing the standard by taking advantage of the alternative transition method and will apply the transition approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption and will not be restating comparative periods. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-1, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-1). This guidance changes how entities measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method. Entities will be required to measure these investments at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in fair value in net income. A practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values, however; the exception requires the Company to consider relevant transactions that can be reasonably known to identify any observable price changes that would impact the fair value. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current U.S. GAAP. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2019 and for interim periods effective the three months ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016-1 and has not yet determined whether the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods reporting within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Common Stock

On August 23, 2018, the Company amended and restated its Certificate of Incorporation in connection with the IPO. The Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, all of which shares of preferred stock are undesignated. Of the 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, 10,897,522 shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019no stock options were exercised. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the company issued 1,068 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $1,116. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the company issued 50,047 and 1,856 shares of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options for net proceeds of $65,060 and $3,499, respectively.

Sale of Common Stock

In March 2019, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Aspire Purchase Agreement”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC (“Aspire Capital”) which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations therein, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain limitations, including that Aspire Capital is not required to purchase shares if such purchase would result in Aspire Capital (together with its affiliates) beneficially owning more than 19.99% of the Company’s common stock outstanding.

Concurrently with entering into the Aspire Purchase Agreement, the Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with Aspire Capital, in which the Company agreed to file one or more registration statements, as permissible and necessary to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the sale of the shares of the Company’s common stock that have been and may be issued to Aspire Capital under the Aspire Purchase Agreement.

Upon execution of the Aspire Purchase Agreement, the Company sold 272,479 shares of the Company’s common stock to Aspire Capital at $3.67 per share for net proceeds of approximately $1.0 million. Aspire Capital is committed to purchase up to $9.0 million of additional shares of common stock, subject to beneficial ownership limitations, solely at the Company’s request from time to time during a 30 month period beginning on April 23, 2019 and at a per share purchase price equal to the lesser of:

• the lowest sale price of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date; or

• the average of the three lowest closing sale prices for the Company’s common stock during the ten consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the purchase date.

In consideration for entering into the Aspire Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the Aspire Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 69,444 shares of its common stock to Aspire Capital. The value of these shares was netted against the proceeds received as issuance costs.

Convertible Preferred Stock

Prior to the IPO, there were 121,992,497 shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding. The Company’s convertible preferred stock had been classified as temporary equity in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities.

In August 2018, due to completion of a public offering meeting certain requirements, each 42.8 shares of the Company's convertible preferred stock was converted into one share of common stock at a conversion price of $1.3995 for each share of Series A, B and B-1 convertible preferred stock, $1.4043 for each share of Series C convertible preferred stock and $0.48 for each share of Series D and D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Company’s convertible preferred stock had been classified as temporary equity on the accompanying balance sheets in accordance with authoritative guidance for the classification and measurement of redeemable securities. As of September 30, 2019, there are no shares of the Company's convertible preferred stock outstanding.

Stock Options

In August 2018, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) and its stockholders adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), as a successor to and continuation of the Company’s 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”). Under the 2018 Plan the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other awards to individuals who are then its employees, directors and consultants, including employees and consultants of its affiliates. The Company has initially reserved 1,499,454 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2018 Plan, which is the sum of (1) 1,000,000 new shares, plus (2) the number of shares that remained available for issuance under the 2006 Plan at the time the 2018 Plan became effective, and (3) any shares subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards that were granted under the 2006 Plan that would have otherwise returned to the 2006 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year through January 1, 2028, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of each automatic increase, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Board.

As of September 30, 2019, there were 1,844,061 shares of common stock subject to outstanding options and 305,593 shares of common stock reserved for future stock awards under the 2018 Plan.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	1,282,847		$	6.90	9.2
Granted	706,640		3.82
Exercised	(50,047	)	1.30
Cancelled/Expired	(95,379	)	9.83
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	1,844,061		$	5.71	8.8	$	—
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2019	682,462		$	6.51	8.4	$	—

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 the Company granted to its employees options to purchase 29,800 shares with a weighted average exercise price of $2.33 per share. The Company did not grant employee options during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company granted to its employees options to purchase 706,640 shares and 385 shares of its common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $3.82 per share and $6.00 per share, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants was $1.42 per option. The Company did not grant employee options during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the weighted-average grant date fair value of employee option grants was $2.19 and $2.99 per option, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Research and development	$	58,619	$	43,363	$	169,209	$	131,900
General and administrative	305,841		9,762		820,312		28,651
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	364,460	$	53,125	$	989,521	$	160,551

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee stock option grants were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018	2019		2018
Risk-free interest rate	1.8	%	—	2.4	%	2.5	%
Expected volatility	65.6-68.2%		—	64.3-68.2%		63.0	%
Expected term (in years)	6.1		—	5.1		4.0
Expected dividend yield	0.0	%	—	0.0	%	0.0	%

Risk-free interest rate. The risk-free rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments, the terms of which were consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Expected volatility. Due to the Company’s limited operating history and lack of company-specific historical or implied volatility as a private company, the expected volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities of a group of industry peers whose share prices are publicly available.

Expected term. The expected term of stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to be outstanding. The Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term due to the limited period of time its equity shares have been publicly traded.  As a result, the Company uses the simplified method for estimating the expected term as provided by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options.  

Expected dividend yield. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not intend to pay dividends.

Forfeitures. The Company reduces stock-based compensation expense for actual forfeitures during the period.

As of September 30, 2019 the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options was $3.1 million and is expected to be recognized as expense over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.4 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2018, the Board and the Company’s stockholders adopted the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). A total of 175,000 shares of common stock are initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase each on January 1 of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2019, through January 1, 2028, by the lesser of (1) 1% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the last day of the calendar month before the date of the automatic increase, (2) 220,000 shares, or (3) a lesser number of shares as determined by the Board. As of September 30, 2019, 66,155 shares of common stock have been purchased under the ESPP.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019
Stock options issued and outstanding	1,844,061
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or employee stock purchase program	305,593
Common Warrants	4,224,494
Total	6,374,148

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Prepayment to supplier	$	100,000	$	74,685
Prepaid insurance	223,514		460,684
Other current assets	695,175		384,131
Total	$	1,018,689	$	919,500

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Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Required under Non-Cancelable Leases

The future minimum lease payments required under non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2019, are summarized as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Gross Payments		Scheduled Sublease Payments			Net Payments
2019 (3 months remaining)	$	215,664	$	(111,085	)	$	104,579
2020	902,412		(464,334		)	438,078
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,118,076	$	(575,419	)	$	542,657

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Property and Equipment, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Computer and office equipment	$	476,402		$	476,402
Lab equipment	4,633,693			4,437,794
Service equipment placed at customer sites	359,546			149,823
Leasehold improvements	1,875,647			1,875,647
	7,345,288			6,939,666
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,977,348		)	(5,162,364		)
	$	1,367,940		$	1,777,302

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Common Stock Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Aug. 23, 2018
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (shares)		200,000,000						200,000,000		200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, par value (USD per share)		$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (shares)											10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (USD per share)											$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued (shares)		10,897,522						10,897,522		10,055,072
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares)		10,897,522						10,897,522		10,055,072
Proceeds from option exercises								$ 65,060	$ 3,499
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of offering costs								$ 2,409,593	$ 0
Purchase Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Value of shares to be sold to Aspire	$ 10,000,000
Maximum percentage owned by Aspire	19.99%
Number of shares issued (in shares)	272,479
Price per share (USD per share)		$ 3.67						$ 3.67
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of offering costs	$ 1,000,000
Value of additional shares to be sold to Aspire	$ 9,000,000
Commitment period	30 months
Shares issued as issuance costs (in shares)	69,444
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Share issued exercise options (shares)		0	8,526	41,521	1,068	551	237	50,047	1,856
Proceeds from option exercises					$ 1,116			$ 65,060	$ 3,499

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Summary of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 364,460	$ 53,125	$ 989,521	$ 160,551
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	58,619	43,363	169,209	131,900
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 305,841	$ 9,762	$ 820,312	$ 28,651

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rate			(0.06%)	(0.06%)
Federal, state, and foreign income tax expense/(benefit)	$ 4,486	$ (2,978)	$ 13,458	$ 6,304

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Employee Stock Purchase Plan Narrative (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Aug. 31, 2018
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	6,374,148
Number of common stock purchased under plan (shares)	66,155
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)		175,000
Incremental rate at which the shares reserved for issuance increase	1.00%
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Maximum
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)		220,000

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, United Kingdom and various state jurisdictions. The Company computes its quarterly income tax provision by using a forecasted annual effective tax rate and adjusts for any discrete items arising during the quarter. The primary difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate relates to the full valuation allowance on the Company's U.S. net operating losses.

At September 30, 2019 and 2018 the provision for income taxes reflected on the statements of operations reflect an effective tax rate of (0.06)% and (0.06)% respectively. Federal, state, and foreign income tax expense/(benefit) was $4,486 and $(2,978) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and $13,458 and $6,304 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, management assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and evaluated the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis. This evaluation utilizes the framework contained in ASC 740, Income Taxes, wherein management analyzes all positive and negative evidence available at the balance sheet date to determine whether all or some portion of the Company's deferred tax assets will not be realized. Under this guidance, a valuation allowance must be established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not (a probability level of more than 50 percent) that they will not be realized.  Because of the Company's history of losses and the uncertainty as to the realization of those deferred tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been recognized for the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions.

Utilization of the net operating losses and research and development (“R&D”) credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to ownership change limitations that have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as well as similar state and foreign provisions. These ownership changes may limit the amount of net operating losses and R&D credit carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382 of the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders.

During 2013, the Company completed a Section 382/383 analysis, from inception through December 31, 2012, regarding the limitation of the net operating losses and R&D credits. Based upon the analysis, the Company determined that no ownership changes occurred during that period. However, there may have been ownership changes subsequent to December 31, 2012, that could limit the Company’s ability to utilize the net operating loss and R&D credit carryforwards. The Company plans to complete an analysis prior to using any of the net operating losses and R&D credits.

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Accrued Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accrued compensation expenses	$	1,969,293	$	1,832,630
Accrued professional services	206,157		76,224
Accrued royalties	80,096		119,630
Accrued other	1,176,455		871,645
Total	$	3,432,001	$	2,900,129

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

			Fair Value Measurement Using
	September 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,224,801	$	8,224,801	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	8,224,801	$	8,224,801	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—

As discussed in Note 2 above, there were no warrants exercisable for the Company’s convertible preferred stock following the closing of the IPO. Of the 37.2 million warrants (pre-split) previously exercisable for preferred stock, 35.7 million warrants (pre-split) expired on the effective date of the IPO.  The remaining 1.5 million warrants previously exercisable for preferred stock were adjusted to become exercisable for common stock. Prior to the IPO, the Company estimated fair value of the convertible preferred stock warrants at the time of issuance and subsequent remeasurement using the Black-Scholes-Merton model at each reporting date.  

On the date of the IPO and going forward, all outstanding warrants are accounted for as equity and are not subject to remeasurement.

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - Innovatus LSA (Details)			1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 22, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 14, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	May 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from borrowing on line of credit				$ 3,084,340	$ 0
Repayments of borrowing from line of credit				2,131,246	$ 0
Line of credit				953,094		$ 0
Term A-1 Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value		$ 17,500,000
Term A-2 Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value		2,500,000
Innovatus LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value	$ 20,000,000	5,000,000
Term loan facility available		$ 5,000,000.0
Cash rate		10.25%
Discounted cash rate		7.25%
Percent of original principal amount borrowed		3.75%
End of term charge				800,000
Maximum credit card indebtedness				150,000
Issuance price and fair value				200,000
Warrants to purchase shares issued | shares	161,987	40,496
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock | $ / shares	$ 4.63
Term	10 years
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense	$ 600,000
Debt issuance fees paid				$ 800,000
Effective percentage		3.00%		13.40%
Term loans borrowed				$ 20,300,000
Line of credit				$ 1,000,000
Innovatus LSA | Risk-free interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions	0.0243
Innovatus LSA | Volatility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions	0.6693
Innovatus LSA | Expected life (in years)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term	10 years
Innovatus LSA | Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of shares issued (in shares) | shares		406,504
Price per share (USD per share) | $ / shares		$ 3.69
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		$ 1,500,000
Innovatus LSA | On or prior to March 14, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage		3.00%
Innovatus LSA | After March 14, 2020 but prior to March 14, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage		2.00%
Innovatus LSA | After March 14, 2021 but prior to March 14, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage		1.00%
Innovatus LSA | Thereafter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage		0.00%
Innovatus LSA | PIK
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Cash rate		3.00%
Revolver | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available			$ 5,000,000.0
Proceeds from borrowing on line of credit			3,100,000
Repayments of borrowing from line of credit			$ 2,100,000
Revolver | Line of Credit | Prime Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Annual interest rate bears			2.00%

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Registrant Name	Bionano Genomics, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001411690
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		26,489,740

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Assets And Liabilities (Details) - Fair Value on Recurring Basis - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 8,224,801	$ 16,522,729
Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	8,224,801	16,522,729
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	8,224,801	16,522,729
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	8,224,801	16,522,729
Significant Other Observable Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs | Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs | Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 0	$ 0

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Property and Equipment, net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 278,182	$ 391,246	$ 814,984	$ 1,169,801

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($)	Total	Initial Public Offering	Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Common Stock	Common Stock Initial Public Offering	Common Stock Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital Initial Public Offering	Additional Paid-in Capital Initial Public Offering Convertible Notes	Accumulated Deficit	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock	Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series C Convertible Preferred Stock	Series C Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock	Series D Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering	Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock	Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock Initial Public Offering
Convertible Preferred Stock, Beginning Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2017											345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		66,141,257
Convertible Preferred Stock, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2017											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 31,359,632
Convertible Preferred Stock, Ending Balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2018											345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		66,141,257
Convertible Preferred Stock, Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2018											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 31,359,632
Beginning Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2017				77,257
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ (50,227,211)			$ 8			$ 4,038,817			$ (54,266,036)
Equity
Stock option exercises (shares)				237
Stock option exercises	305						305
Stock-based compensation expense	54,444						54,444
Net loss	(3,847,362)									(3,847,362)
Ending Balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2018				77,494
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	(54,019,824)			$ 8			4,093,566			(58,113,398)
Convertible Preferred Stock, Beginning Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2017											345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		66,141,257
Convertible Preferred Stock, Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2017											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 31,359,632
Beginning Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2017				77,257
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	(50,227,211)			$ 8			4,038,817			(54,266,036)
Equity
Stock option exercises (shares)				1,856
Net loss	(12,084,936)
Ending Balance (shares) at Sep. 30, 2018				10,032,687
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	15,235,023			$ 1,002			81,584,992			(66,350,971)
Convertible Preferred Stock, Beginning Balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2018											345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		66,141,257
Convertible Preferred Stock, Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2018											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 31,359,632
Convertible Preferred Stock, Ending Balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2018											345,587		8,058,170		3,437,950		23,357,047		20,652,486		66,141,257
Convertible Preferred Stock, Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2018											$ 61,847		$ 842,845		$ 359,593		$ 5,547,841		$ 4,838,379		$ 31,359,632
Beginning Balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2018				77,494
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	(54,019,824)			$ 8			4,093,566			(58,113,398)
Equity
Stock option exercises (shares)				551
Stock option exercises	707						707
Stock-based compensation expense	52,982						52,982
Net loss	(3,311,476)									(3,311,476)
Ending Balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2018				78,045
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2018	(57,277,611)			$ 8			4,147,255			(61,424,874)
Convertible Preferred Stock
Conversion of preferred stock upon IPO (shares)												(345,587)		(8,058,170)		(3,437,950)		(23,357,047)		(20,652,486)		(66,141,257)
Conversion of preferred stock upon IPO												$ (61,847)		$ (842,845)		$ (359,593)		$ (5,547,841)		$ (4,838,379)		$ (31,359,632)
Equity
Stock option exercises (shares)				1,068
Stock option exercises	2,487						2,487
Issue common stock (shares)				3,864,000
Issue common stock	19,389,978			$ 386			19,389,592
Conversion upon IPO ( shares)					2,850,280	3,239,294
Conversion upon IPO		$ 43,010,137	$ 14,898,327		$ 285	$ 323		$ 43,009,852	$ 14,898,004
Conversion of preferred stock warrants into common stock warrants	84,676						84,676
Stock-based compensation expense	53,126						53,126
Net loss	(4,926,097)									(4,926,097)
Ending Balance (shares) at Sep. 30, 2018				10,032,687
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	15,235,023			$ 1,002			81,584,992			(66,350,971)
Beginning Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2018				10,055,072
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	10,137,351			$ 1,004			82,898,775			(72,762,428)
Equity
Stock option exercises (shares)				41,521
Stock option exercises	53,976			$ 4			53,972
Issue common stock (shares)				748,427
Issue common stock	2,409,593			$ 75			2,409,518
Stock-based compensation expense	289,395						289,395
Net loss	(7,851,743)									(7,851,743)
Issue warrants for debt	629,830						629,830
Issue stock for debt	201,789						201,789
Ending Balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2019				10,845,020
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	5,870,191			$ 1,083			86,483,279			(80,614,171)
Beginning Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2018				10,055,072
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	10,137,351			$ 1,004			82,898,775			(72,762,428)
Equity
Stock option exercises (shares)				50,047
Net loss	$ (21,914,475)
ESPP Purchases (shares)	66,155
Ending Balance (shares) at Sep. 30, 2019				10,897,522
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ (7,378,516)			$ 1,088			87,297,299			(94,676,903)
Beginning Balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2019				10,845,020
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	5,870,191			$ 1,083			86,483,279			(80,614,171)
Equity
Stock option exercises (shares)				8,526
Stock option exercises	11,084			$ 1			11,083
Stock-based compensation expense	335,666						335,666
Net loss	(7,664,566)									(7,664,566)
ESPP Purchases (shares)				43,976
ESPP Purchases	102,815			$ 4			102,811
Ending Balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2019				10,897,522
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	(1,344,810)			$ 1,088			86,932,839			(88,278,737)
Equity
Stock option exercises (shares)				0
Stock-based compensation expense	364,460						364,460
Net loss	(6,398,166)									(6,398,166)
Ending Balance (shares) at Sep. 30, 2019				10,897,522
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	$ (7,378,516)			$ 1,088			$ 87,297,299			$ (94,676,903)

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt and Unamortized Discount Balances

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows:

	December 31, 2018
Term loan face value	$	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(176,813		)
End of term charge	(400,000		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(499,354		)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	87,859
Accretion of warrant fair value	17,682
Balance	9,029,374
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	9,029,374

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the Innovatus LSA are as follows:

	September 30, 2019
Term loan face value	$	20,000,000
Warrants issued	(629,830		)
Stock discount issued	(201,789		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(865,555		)
Interest payment-in-kind	319,401
Accretion of debt discount	155,129
Balance	18,777,356
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	18,777,356

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Including Interest

Future minimum payments including interest under the Innovatus LSA are as follows as of September 30, 2019:

2019	$	246,507
2020	1,505,249
2021	1,964,030
2022	9,875,878
2023-2024	14,941,449
Total minimum loan payments	$	28,533,113
Unamortized interest	(7,463,712		)
Accretion of debt discount	155,129
End of term charge	(750,000		)
Warrants issued	(629,830		)
Stock discount issued	(201,789		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge	(865,555		)
Term loan	18,777,356
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	18,777,356

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value Measurement of Assets And Liabilities

			Fair Value Measurement Using
	September 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,224,801	$	8,224,801	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	8,224,801	$	8,224,801	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	December 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—
Total assets	$	16,522,729	$	16,522,729	$	—	$	—

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) - segment	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of operating segments	1
Accounts Receivable | Ultravision Technology Ltd.
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	13.00%
Accounts Receivable | BioStar Company
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		12.00%

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Stock-Based Compensation Expense Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Equity [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options	$ 3.1
Unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding employee options, period for recognition	2 years 4 months 24 days

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Long-Term Debt - Schedule of Debt and Unamortized Discount Balances (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 18,777,356		$ 18,777,356		$ 9,029,374
Non-cash interest expense related to debt discount amortization and accretion	75,741	$ 48,461	204,259	$ 69,791
MidCap Financial CSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value					10,000,000
Fair value of warrant					(176,813)
End of term charge					(400,000)
Capitalized debt issuance costs					(499,354)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge					87,859
Accretion of warrant fair value					17,682
Balance					9,029,374
Less current portion					0
Long-term debt					$ 9,029,374
Innovatus LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan face value	20,000,000		20,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(629,830)		(629,830)
Stock discount issued	(201,789)		(201,789)
End of term charge	(750,000)		(750,000)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(865,555)		(865,555)
Interest payment-in-kind	319,401		319,401
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	155,129		155,129
Balance	18,777,356		18,777,356
Less current portion	0		0
Long-term debt	$ 18,777,356		$ 18,777,356

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Stock Options Narrative (Details) - $ / shares	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)		6,374,148		6,374,148
Employee Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares, granted (in shares)		29,800	385	706,640
Exercise price (USD per share)		$ 2.33	$ 6.00	$ 3.82
Weighted-average grant date fair value (USD per share)		$ 1.42		$ 2.19	$ 2.99
2018 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	1,499,454	305,593		305,593
Number of new shares issued under plan (in shares)	1,000,000
Incremental rate at which the shares reserved for issuance increase				5.00%
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options (in shares)		1,844,061		1,844,061

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Materials and supplies	$ 702,603	$ 161,468
Finished goods	1,892,492	907,089
Total	$ 2,595,095	$ 1,068,557

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Option Activity Under 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2018 Plan and 2006 Plan is as follows:

	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	1,282,847		$	6.90	9.2
Granted	706,640		3.82
Exercised	(50,047	)	1.30
Cancelled/Expired	(95,379	)	9.83
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	1,844,061		$	5.71	8.8	$	—
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2019	682,462		$	6.51	8.4	$	—

Summary of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Research and development	$	58,619	$	43,363	$	169,209	$	131,900
General and administrative	305,841		9,762		820,312		28,651
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	364,460	$	53,125	$	989,521	$	160,551

Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions in Black -Scholes Option Pricing Model

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee stock option grants were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018	2019		2018
Risk-free interest rate	1.8	%	—	2.4	%	2.5	%
Expected volatility	65.6-68.2%		—	64.3-68.2%		63.0	%
Expected term (in years)	6.1		—	5.1		4.0
Expected dividend yield	0.0	%	—	0.0	%	0.0	%

Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019
Stock options issued and outstanding	1,844,061
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or employee stock purchase program	305,593
Common Warrants	4,224,494
Total	6,374,148

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Prepayment to supplier	$	100,000	$	74,685
Prepaid insurance	223,514		460,684
Other current assets	695,175		384,131
Total	$	1,018,689	$	919,500

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - Convertible Notes (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 29, 2018	Jun. 28, 2018	Apr. 02, 2018	Feb. 09, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount		$ 0	$ 14,898,326
Convertible notes outstanding		$ 0
Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, amount	$ 14,900,000
Convertible Notes | Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding convertible promissory notes and accrued interest converted, shares	3,239,294
Note Purchase Agreement | Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase the principal amount available for issuance				$ 19,400,000	$ 18,400,000	$ 18,400,000
Note Purchase Agreement | Convertible Notes | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original principal amount							$ 16,000,000

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Convertible Preferred Stock Narrative (Details) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2019	Aug. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Convertible preferred stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)	0		121,992,497
Number of common stock issuable upon conversion of convertible preferred stock (shares)		42.8
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)				345,587	345,587	345,587
Conversion price per share (USD per share)		$ 1.3995
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)				23,357,047	23,357,047	23,357,047
Conversion price per share (USD per share)		1.4043
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock
Equity [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock outstanding (shares)				20,652,486	20,652,486	20,652,486
Conversion price per share (USD per share)		$ 0.48

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions in Black -Scholes Option Pricing Model (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	1.80%	0.00%	2.40%	2.50%
Expected volatility		0.00%		63.00%
Expected term (in years)	6 years 1 month 6 days	0 years	5 years 1 month 6 days	4 years
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	65.60%		64.30%
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	68.20%		68.20%

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 23, 2019	Oct. 16, 2019	Mar. 14, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019	Mar. 22, 2019	Aug. 31, 2018
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of securities called by each warrant or right (in shares)						1
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Gross proceeds	$ 18,000,000
Pre-Funded Warrant | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)	$ 0.001
Number of securities called by each warrant or right (in shares)	1
Price per share (USD per share)	$ 0.859
Common Warrants | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)	$ 0.86
Number of securities called by each warrant or right (in shares)	1
Price per share (USD per share)	$ 0.86
Expiration period	5 years
Common Stock | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued (in shares)	10,013,600
Common Stock | Pre-Funded Warrant | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares called by warrant (in shares)	10,923,958
Common Stock | Common Warrants | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares called by warrant (in shares)	20,937,558
Innovatus LSA
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)					$ 4.63
Innovatus LSA | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Minimum gross proceeds from the sale of securities required				$ 10,000,000
Warrants exercise price (USD per share)		$ 0.48
Innovatus LSA | Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued (in shares)			406,504
Price per share (USD per share)			$ 3.69
Innovatus LSA | Common Stock | Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued (in shares)		572,917

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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details)	Sep. 30, 2019 shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	6,374,148
Stock options issued and outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	1,844,061
Authorized for future stock awards, option grants, or employee stock purchase program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	305,593
Common Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock initially reserved for future issuance (shares)	4,224,494

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

On October 16, 2019, the Company obtained a waiver letter (the “Waiver Letter”) from Innovatus, with respect to certain financial covenants under the Innovatus LSA. Pursuant to the Waiver Letter, Innovatus agreed to allow the Company to cure its noncompliance with a revenue covenant for the three months ended September 30, 2019 so long as the Company (i) raised at least $10 million in gross proceeds from the sale of its securities in an underwritten public offering by October 31, 2019 and (ii) amended that certain Warrant to Purchase Stock, issued by the Company to Innovatus on March 22, 2019 (the "Innovatus Warrant"), to decrease the exercise price of the warrant from $4.63 per share to $0.48 per share. As consideration for the prospective waiver of a liquidity covenant, the Company agreed to issue to Innovatus 572,917 shares of the Company's common stock, and the Company plans to issue such shares of common stock to Innovatus in the near future.

On October 23, 2019, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 10,013,600 shares of its common stock and, to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase 10,923,958 shares of its common stock, and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 20,937,558 shares of its common stock. Each share of common stock and pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock was sold together with a common warrant to purchase one share of common stock.

The public offering price of each share of common stock and accompanying common warrant was $0.86 and $0.859 for each pre-funded warrant and accompanying common warrant. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.001 per share of common stock. The common warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.86 per share of common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, and the accompanying common warrants, were issued separately and were immediately separable upon issuance. The gross proceeds to the Company, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, were approximately $18.0 million.

On October 30, 2019, the Company amended the Innovatus Warrant pursuant to the terms of the Waiver Letter.

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt

Western Alliance LSA

On March 8, 2016, the Company entered into a new term Loan and Security Agreement with Western Alliance Bank (the “Western Alliance LSA”) for $7.0 million. The loan proceeds were used to repay the outstanding $5.0 million loan with Square 1 Bank, as required by the twelfth amendment to that certain Loan and Security Agreement with Square 1 Bank.

Additionally, in conjunction with the entry into Western Alliance LSA, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 510,417 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock of $65,384 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 11,925 shares of common stock for $20.56 per share. The warrants expire on March 8, 2026.

On December 9, 2016, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, and in conjunction with this amendment, the Company issued to Western Alliance Bank a warrant to purchase 291,667 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $34,300 was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrants exercisable for shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock were adjusted to warrants exercisable for 6,814 shares of common stock for $20.56 per share. The warrants expire on December 9, 2026.

In February 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, requiring the Company to secure $21.0 million in funding prior to June 30, 2018. As part of the amendment, Western Alliance Bank agreed to forbear from exercising any of its default remedies set forth in the Western Alliance LSA as a result of the Company’s previous loan default as of December 31, 2017.

On June 13, 2018, the Western Alliance LSA was amended, replacing previously amended funding requirements and requiring the Company to secure $5.0 million in funding prior to August 3, 2018. Additionally, the amendment restricted the Company’s use of all cash collected from customers, received on and after amendment date, until the Company collected a total of $2.5 million. As part of this amendment, Western Alliance Bank waived the existing default.

On June 29, 2018, the Company repaid the Western Alliance LSA in connection with the MidCap Financial CSA (as defined below).

On November 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement with Western Alliance Bank to amend (i) that certain Warrant to Purchase Stock, dated March 8, 2016, (ii) that certain Warrant to Purchase Stock, dated December 9, 2016 ((i) and (ii) collectively, the “Bank Warrants”) and (iii) the Western Alliance LSA. Pursuant to Section 2.6(g) of the Western Alliance LSA, the Company was obligated to pay Western Alliance Bank a success fee of $210,000 in connection with the IPO. As part of the Amendment Agreement, this success fee was decreased from $210,000 to $160,000 and the exercise price of the Bank Warrants was decreased to $6.99 per share.

MidCap Financial CSA

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a Credit and Security Agreement with MidCap Financial Trust (the “MidCap Financial CSA”) which provided a $15.0 million term loan facility available in a first tranche of $10 million (“Tranche 1”), a second tranche of $2.5 million and a third tranche of $2.5 million. The Company borrowed $10.0 million from Tranche 1 immediately upon execution of the MidCap Financial CSA. Proceeds from the loan were used to repay the outstanding $7.0 million due to Western Alliance LSA.

On March 14, 2019, the Company repaid the MidCap Financial CSA in connection with the Innovatus LSA (as defined below).

The MidCap Financial CSA bore interest at an annual rate of one month LIBOR plus 7.5%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.5%. The loan had a 60-month term, with interest only for the first 18 months and straight-line amortization of principal and interest for the remaining 42 months.The MidCap Financial CSA was secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and was scheduled to mature on July 1, 2023.

The Company paid issuance fees of approximately $0.3 million at the inception of the loan, which was recorded as a debt discount and was recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. Subject to certain limited exceptions, amounts prepaid in relation to the MidCap Financial CSA are subject to a prepayment fee determined by multiplying the amount being prepaid by 4% in the first year of the term, 3% in year two, and 2% thereafter. When the Company paid-off the MidCap Financial CSA, it incurred a prepayment fee of $0.4 million. The prepayment fee is recognized as loss on debt extinguishment during the three months ended March 31, 2019. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company was required to pay an end of term charge equal to 4% of the total amount borrowed. Accordingly, an end of term charge of $0.4 million was included in other long-term liabilities on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. The end of term charge was being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the loan. The unamortized portion of the end of term charge was written-off as loss on debt extinguishment during the three months ended March 31, 2019 in conjunction with the Company's repayment of the MidCap Financial CSA.

In conjunction with entering into the MidCap Financial CSA, the Company issued to MidCap a warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of Series D-1 convertible preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.48 per share that was immediately exercisable. The Company valued the warrant to purchase Series D convertible preferred stock using the Black-Scholes-Merton model, and the initial fair value of the warrant to purchase Series D-1 convertible preferred stock of $0.2 million was recorded as a debt discount and was being amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan. The assumptions used in the model were: the fair value of the Series D-1 convertible preferred stock, which was determined using an OPM analysis, an expected life of 10 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.83% and an expected volatility of 59%. Upon the closing of the IPO in August 2018, the warrant was adjusted from being exercisable for shares of Series D convertible preferred stock to exercisable for 14,602 shares of common stock for $20.56. The warrant expires on June 29, 2028.

In addition, MidCap invested $1.0 million in the convertible note offering at terms identical to other investors described in the Convertible Notes section below.

Innovatus LSA

On March 14, 2019, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Innovatus LSA”) by and among Innovatus Life Sciences Lending Fund I, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Innovatus”), as collateral agent and the lenders listed on Schedule 1.1 thereto, including East West Bank (the “Bank”, and together with the lenders, the “Lenders”). Under the Innovatus LSA, Innovatus agreed, among other things, to make a first term loan of $17.5 million to the Company (the “Term A-1 Loan”), a second term loan of $2.5 million to the Company (the “Term A-2 Loan”) and a third term loan of $5.0 million to the Company (the “Term B Loan”), each upon satisfaction of certain funding conditions. In addition, the Bank has agreed to make available to the Company a revolving line of credit in an amount not to exceed $5.0 million (the “Revolver”).

Under the Innovatus LSA, interest is payable, at the Company’s option (i) in cash at a rate of 10.25% per annum or (ii) at a discounted rate of 7.25% in cash, with 3.0% of the 10.25% per annum rate (the “PIK Loan”) added to the principal of the loan and subject to accruing interest through the end of the interest only payment period. Interest only payments are due on the first of each month through March 1, 2022. Thereafter, in addition to interest accrued during such period, the monthly payments will include an amount equal to the outstanding principal at March 1, 2022 divided by 24 months. At maturity (or earlier prepayment), the Company is also required to make a final payment equal to 3.75% of the original principal amount borrowed. At inception the Company elected to pay interest in cash at a rate of 7.25% per annum and have 3.0% per annum of the interest added back to the outstanding principal.

The Innovatus LSA provides for prepayment fees of 3.0% of the outstanding balance of the loan if the loan is repaid on or prior to March 14, 2020, 2.0% of the amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs after March 14, 2020 but prior to March 14, 2021, 1.0% of the amount prepaid after March 14, 2021 but prior to March 14, 2022 and 0% of the amount prepaid if the prepayment occurs thereafter. In addition, upon repayment of the total amounts borrowed, the Company is required to pay an end of term charge of $0.8 million. This end of term charge is being recognized as additional interest expense over the term of the Innovatus LSA.

The Innovatus LSA is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, including the Company's intellectual property. The Innovatus LSA requires the Company to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants, including: (1) a liquidity covenant requiring the Company to maintain a minimum cash balance at all times in a collateral account; (2) a revenue covenant requiring the Company to meet certain minimum revenue targets measured at the end of each calendar quarter. The Innovatus LSA also includes standard events of default, including a provision that Innovatus could declare an event of default upon the occurrence of any event that it interprets as having a material adverse change in the Company's business, operations, or condition, a material impairment on the Company's ability to pay the secured obligations under the Innovatus LSA, or upon a material adverse effect on the collateral under the agreement, thereby requiring us to repay the loan immediately, together with a prepayment fee and other applicable fees.

On June 25, 2019, the Innovatus LSA was amended to among other things: (i) extend the deadline for the Company to maintain its domestic depository and operating accounts with the Bank, subject to a control agreement in favor of Innovatus, to July 31, 2019 and (ii) permit the Company to incur credit card indebtedness in an amount not to exceed $150,000. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company did not achieve a certain revenue covenant under the Innovatus LSA. The Company subsequently received a waiver from Innovatus for the Company’s noncompliance with this revenue covenant, as more fully described in Note 11. The Company expects to be in compliance with all covenants pursuant to the Innovatus LSA for the 12 months subsequent to September 30, 2019.

Additionally, in connection with the Innovatus LSA, on March 14, 2019, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Innovatus Purchase Agreement”) with certain entities affiliated with Innovatus (the “Innovatus Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 406,504 shares of common stock at $3.69 per share for proceeds of $1.5 million. Upon execution of the Innovatus Purchase Agreement, the Company sold all of such shares to the Innovatus Investors. Because the shares were issued at a discount to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the issuance date, the Company recorded the difference of $0.2 million between the issuance price and fair value which was allocated to the debt on a relative fair value basis.

On March 22, 2019, in connection with the receipt of $20.0 million in funding with respect to the Term A-1 Loan and Term A-2 Loan, the Company issued to Innovatus a warrant to purchase up to 161,987 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.63 per share, which has a term of 10 years. The Company applied the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the warrants, with the following assumptions: a) risk-free rate of 2.43%; b) expected volatility of 66.93%; c) no dividend would be payable; and d) expected life of 10 years. Based on this model, the aggregate relative fair value of the warrants was determined to be $0.6 million. Subject to the terms of the Innovatus LSA, the warrant to be issued in connection with funding of the Term B Loan will entitle the Lender to purchase up to 40,496 shares of the Company’s common stock and will have an exercise price of $4.63 per share.

The Company paid issuance fees of approximately $0.8 million which was recorded as part of the debt discount. The issuance fee will be amortized as additional interest expense over the life of the debt using the effective interest method. The Company recognized the fair value of the warrants and the discount of the common stock as a debt discount and along with the issuance costs will amortize these amounts using the effective interest rate method over the life of the applicable term loan. The effective interest rate as of September 30, 2019 was 13.4%.

In May 2019, the Company began to draw down on its $5.0 million revolving line of credit (the Revolver). As of September 30, 2019, the Company has borrowed $3.1 million and has repaid $2.1 million under the Revolver. The Company may repay and reborrow amounts borrowed under the Revolver at any time prior to the March 1, 2024 maturity date without penalty or premium, at which time such amounts will become immediately due and payable. The Company’s obligation to repay amounts borrowed under the Revolver is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including an event of default and a permitted prepayment of the term loans borrowed under the Loan Agreement. The outstanding balance of amounts borrowed under the Revolver bear interest at a rate equal to 2.0% above the variable rate of interest, per annum, most recently announced by the Bank as its “prime rate,” whether or not such announced rate is the lowest rate available from the Bank.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $20.3 million borrowed in term loans and $1.0 million borrowed under the Revolver pursuant to the Innovatus LSA.

Convertible Notes

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) with various investors, which included related parties (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Investors convertible promissory notes (the “Convertible Notes”) in the original principal amount of up to $16.0 million. On April 2, 2018, the Company amended the Note Purchase Agreement to, among other things, increase the principal amount available for issuance under the Note Purchase Agreement to $18.4 million. The Convertible Notes had a maturity date of September 30, 2018 and were convertible either into the Company’s common stock or convertible preferred stock, dependent on the conversion events.

On June 29, 2018, the Note Purchase Agreement was amended to increase the principal amount available for issuance from $18.4 million to $19.4 million.

In August 2018, the outstanding convertible promissory notes of $14.9 million of principal and interest were converted into 3,239,294 shares of common stock upon completion of the IPO.  As of September 30, 2019, there are no convertible notes outstanding.

Summary

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the MidCap Financial CSA are as follows:

	December 31, 2018
Term loan face value	$	10,000,000
Fair value of warrant	(176,813		)
End of term charge	(400,000		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(499,354		)
Accretion of debt issuance costs and end of term charge	87,859
Accretion of warrant fair value	17,682
Balance	9,029,374
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	9,029,374

Non-cash interest expense related to debt discount amortization and accretion of end of term fees was $75,741 and $48,461, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $204,259 and $69,791 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectfully.

Debt and unamortized discount balances relating to the Innovatus LSA are as follows:

	September 30, 2019
Term loan face value	$	20,000,000
Warrants issued	(629,830		)
Stock discount issued	(201,789		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs	(865,555		)
Interest payment-in-kind	319,401
Accretion of debt discount	155,129
Balance	18,777,356
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	18,777,356

Future minimum payments including interest under the Innovatus LSA are as follows as of September 30, 2019:

2019	$	246,507
2020	1,505,249
2021	1,964,030
2022	9,875,878
2023-2024	14,941,449
Total minimum loan payments	$	28,533,113
Unamortized interest	(7,463,712		)
Accretion of debt discount	155,129
End of term charge	(750,000		)
Warrants issued	(629,830		)
Stock discount issued	(201,789		)
Capitalized debt issuance costs and end of term charge	(865,555		)
Term loan	18,777,356
Less current portion	—
Long-term debt	$	18,777,356

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities not Included in Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	6,068,555	4,430,150
Common stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	1,844,061	415,137
Common warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share amount	4,224,494	4,015,013

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Property and Equipment, net - Schedule of Property and Equipment, net (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 7,345,288	$ 6,939,666
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(5,977,348)	(5,162,364)
Property and equipment, net	1,367,940	1,777,302
Computer and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	476,402	476,402
Lab equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,633,693	4,437,794
Service equipment placed at customer sites
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	359,546	149,823
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,875,647	$ 1,875,647

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 3,312,997	$ 2,828,704	$ 7,340,378	$ 7,987,198
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	2,375,100	3,068,332	5,077,388	5,723,211
Operating expense:
Research and development	2,173,905	2,505,137	6,681,708	6,962,696
Selling, general and administrative	4,449,088	3,224,075	14,295,695	9,617,814
Total operating expense	6,622,993	5,729,212	20,977,403	16,580,510
Loss from operations	(5,685,096)	(5,968,840)	(18,714,413)	(14,316,523)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(578,045)	(404,437)	(1,416,437)	(1,114,053)
Change in fair value of preferred stock warrants and expirations	0	1,520,159	0	3,991,081
Loss on debt extinguishment	0	0	(921,496)	(342,164)
Other expense	(130,539)	(75,957)	(848,671)	(296,973)
Total other income (expense)	(708,584)	1,039,765	(3,186,604)	2,237,891
Loss before income taxes	(6,393,680)	(4,929,075)	(21,901,017)	(12,078,632)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes	(4,486)	2,978	(13,458)	(6,304)
Net loss	$ (6,398,166)	$ (4,926,097)	$ (21,914,475)	$ (12,084,936)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted (USD per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.63)	$ (2.06)	$ (1.99)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding basic and diluted (shares)	10,897,522	7,778,605	10,661,520	6,079,285
Product revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 3,162,273	$ 2,700,162	$ 6,870,257	$ 7,618,407
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	2,237,886	3,064,661	4,882,771	5,708,704
Other revenue
Revenue:
Total revenue	150,724	128,542	470,121	368,791
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 137,214	$ 3,671	$ 194,617	$ 14,507

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business based upon an evaluation of each customer’s credit history, financial condition, and other factors. Estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts are determined by evaluating individual customer circumstances, historical payment patterns, length of time past due, and economic and other factors. Bad debt expense is recorded as necessary to maintain an appropriate level of allowance for doubtful accounts in selling, general and administrative expense. A portion of the receivables are with distributors who are slow payers and the Company is pursuing their collection. Based on ongoing dialog, the Company expects those receivables to be fully collected. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not record an allowance for doubtful accounts.

Accounts receivable is subject to concentration risk whenever a customer has a balance that meets or exceeds 10% of the total balance. As of September 30, 2019, Ultravision Technology Ltd. (Ultravision) represented 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2018, Ultravision represented 13% and BioStar Company represented 12% of our accounts receivable balance.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory includes raw materials and finished goods that may be used in the research and development process and such items are expensed as consumed or expired. Provisions for slow-moving, excess, and obsolete inventories are estimated based on product life cycles, historical experience, and usage forecasts.

The components of inventories are as follows (unaudited):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Materials and supplies	$	702,603	$	161,468
Finished goods	1,892,492		907,089
Total	$	2,595,095	$	1,068,557

Revenue Recognition

Product Revenue

Product revenue represents the sale of the Company’s instruments and consumables to third parties. Timing of revenue recognition on instrument sales is based upon when delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.

The majority of the Company’s instruments contain embedded operating systems and other software which is included in the purchase price of the instrument. The software is deemed incidental to the system as a whole as it is not sold or marketed separately and its production costs are minor compared to those of the hardware system. Hardware and software elements are both delivered when ownership is transferred to the customer. Hardware upgrades, which are made available to customers for purchase, are recognized as revenue when delivered and all revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

Installation services for direct sale customers are performed at the same time or shortly after the product is delivered and require only a minimal effort to complete. The Company believes installation is a perfunctory service and is not material to its obligations in the contract.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes revenue from extended service contracts and other services that may be performed. Revenue for extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the service period. Revenue for other services is generally recognized based on proportional performance of the contract, when the Company’s ability to complete project requirements is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue represents amounts received in advance for on-going service arrangements. Most of these services are completed in a short period of time from the receipt of the customer’s order. When significant risk exists in the Company’s ability to fulfill project requirements, revenue is recognized upon completion of the contract.

Multiple Element Arrangements

The Company regularly enters into contracts where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables, including products or services. These contracts typically include an instrument, consumables, and extended service contracts. Revenue recognition for contracts with multiple deliverables is based on the individual units of accounting determined to exist in the contract. A delivered item is considered a separate unit of accounting when the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Items are considered to have stand-alone value when they are sold separately by any vendor or when the customer could resell the item on a stand-alone basis.

For transactions with multiple deliverables, consideration is allocated at the inception of the contract to all deliverables based on their relative selling price. The relative selling price for each deliverable is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price or third-party evidence of selling price if VSOE does not exist. If neither VSOE nor third-party evidence exists, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price using average selling prices over an appropriate period coupled with an assessment of current market conditions. If the product or service has no history of sales or if the sales volume is not sufficient, the Company considers its approved standard prices adjusted for applicable discounts.

In order to establish VSOE of selling price, the Company must regularly sell the product or service on a standalone basis with a substantial majority priced within a relatively narrow range. In cases where there is not a sufficient number of standalone sales and VSOE of selling price cannot be determined, then the Company utilizes third-party evidence to establish selling price.

Distributor Transactions

In certain markets, the Company sells products and provides services to customers through distributors that specialize in life sciences products. In cases where the product is delivered to a distributor, revenue recognition generally occurs when title transfers to the distributor. The terms of sales transactions through distributors are generally consistent with the terms of direct sales to customers and do not contain return rights. Distributor sales transactions typically differ from direct customer sales as they do not require the Company’s services to install the instrument at the end customer or perform the services for the customer that are beyond the standard warranty in the first year following the sale. These transactions are accounted for in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy described herein.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company and its chief operating decision-maker, the Chief Executive Officer, views the Company’s operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common stock equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities which include outstanding stock options under the Company’s equity incentive plan have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as they would be anti-dilutive to the net loss per share. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.

Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive are as follows (in common stock equivalent shares):

	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018
Common stock options	1,844,061	415,137
Common warrants	4,224,494	4,015,013
Total	6,068,555	4,430,150

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On April 5, 2012, the Jump-Start Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an emerging growth company. As an emerging growth company, the Company may elect to adopt new or revised accounting standards when they become effective for non-public companies, which typically is later than when public companies must adopt the standards. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act and, as a result, will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for emerging growth companies, which are the dates included below.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-9 completes the joint effort by the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-9 applies to all companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. Under the standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has adopted the new guidance during the current annual period and will reflect the effects of such adoption, including the additional required disclosures, in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The adoption will not have a significant impact on those financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” The new topic supersedes Topic 840, “Leases,” and increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requires disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU 2016-2 mandates a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior period. The Company anticipates implementing the standard by taking advantage of the alternative transition method and will apply the transition approach as of the beginning of the period of adoption and will not be restating comparative periods. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of the ASU on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-1, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-1). This guidance changes how entities measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method. Entities will be required to measure these investments at fair value at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in fair value in net income. A practicability exception will be available for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values, however; the exception requires the Company to consider relevant transactions that can be reasonably known to identify any observable price changes that would impact the fair value. This guidance also changes certain disclosure requirements and other aspects of current U.S. GAAP. This guidance is effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2019 and for interim periods effective the three months ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of ASU 2016-1 and has not yet determined whether the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice for certain cash receipts and cash payments. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods reporting within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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Long-Term Debt - Additional Information - MidCap Financial CSA (Details)	Jun. 29, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares	Nov. 18, 2018 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock | $ / shares					$ 20.56
Shares of common stock | shares					6,814
MidCap Financial CSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	$ 15,000,000
Annual interest rate bears	7.50%
LIBOR subject to floor rate	1.50%
Debt instrument maturity period	60 months
Debt instrument interest only portion maturity period	18 months
Debt instrument principal and interest maturity period	42 months
Debt issuance fees paid	$ 300,000
Prepayment fee percentage	4.00%
Prepayment fee		$ 400,000
Additional amount invested in term loan facility		$ 1,000,000
MidCap Financial CSA | Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Shares called by warrant (in shares) | shares	625,000
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock | $ / shares	$ 0.48
Debt discount and amortization of interest expense	$ 200,000
Shares of common stock | shares					14,602
MidCap Financial CSA | Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock | Expected life (in years)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions term	10 years
MidCap Financial CSA | Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock | Risk-free interest rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions	0.0283
MidCap Financial CSA | Term Loan | Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock | Volatility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair value assumptions	0.59
MidCap Financial CSA | Other Long-term Liabilities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt discount charge			$ 400,000
MidCap Financial CSA | First Year
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	4.00%
MidCap Financial CSA | Second Year
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	3.00%
MidCap Financial CSA | Thereafter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment fee percentage	2.00%
MidCap Financial CSA | Tranche 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	$ 10,000,000
Term loan facility borrowed from Tranche 1	10,000,000
MidCap Financial CSA | Tranche 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	2,500,000.0
MidCap Financial CSA | Tranche 3
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan facility available	2,500,000.0
Western Alliance LSA
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayment of outstanding term loan	$ 7,000,000
Prepayment fee			$ 160,000	$ 210,000
Warrants to purchase, Fair value preferred stock | $ / shares			$ 6.99