10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended December 31, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-33887

Orion Energy Systems, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Wisconsin	39-1847269
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification number)

2210 Woodland Drive, Manitowoc, Wisconsin	54220
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (920) 892-9340

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol (s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, no par value	OESX	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Capital Market)
Common stock purchase rights		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Capital Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an "emerging growth company". See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

There were 30,255,062 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding on January 31, 2020.

ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page(s)
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	7
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	36
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	36
PART II OTHER INFORMATION		37
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	37
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
ITEM 5.	Other Information	37
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	38
SIGNATURE		39

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,762		$	8,729
Accounts receivable, net		15,224			14,804
Revenue earned but not billed		789			3,746
Inventories, net		12,235			13,403
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		714			695
Total current assets		42,724			41,377
Property and equipment, net		11,920			12,010
Other intangible assets, net		2,257			2,469
Other long-term assets		139			165
Total assets	$	57,040		$	56,021
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Accounts payable	$	16,950		$	19,706
Accrued expenses and other		6,241			7,410
Deferred revenue, current		85			123
Current maturities of long-term debt		56			96
Total current liabilities		23,332			27,335
Revolving credit facility		829			9,202
Long-term debt, less current maturities		53			81
Deferred revenue, long-term		734			791
Other long-term liabilities		671			642
Total liabilities		25,619			38,051
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: Shares authorized: 30,000,000 at    December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019; no shares issued and outstanding at    December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019		—			—
Common stock, no par value: Shares authorized: 200,000,000 at December 31, 2019    and March 31, 2019; shares issued: 39,717,207 at December 31, 2019 and    39,037,969 at March 31, 2019; shares outstanding: 30,253,062 at    December 31, 2019 and 29,600,158 at March 31, 2019		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		156,359			155,828
Treasury stock, common shares: 9,464,145 at December 31, 2019 and 9,437,811 at    March 31, 2019		(36,164	)		(36,091	)
Retained deficit		(88,774	)		(101,767	)
Total shareholders’ equity		31,421			17,970
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	57,040		$	56,021

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Statements.

3

ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Product revenue	$	25,867		$	13,952		$	93,778		$	38,350
Service revenue		8,382			2,339			31,171			4,961
Total revenue		34,249			16,291			124,949			43,311
Cost of product revenue		19,075			10,508			68,778			29,599
Cost of service revenue		6,900			1,613			24,823			3,544
Total cost of revenue		25,975			12,121			93,601			33,143
Gross profit		8,274			4,170			31,348			10,168
Operating expenses:
General and administrative		2,662			2,269			8,274			7,681
Sales and marketing		2,735			2,190			8,359			6,903
Research and development		439			298			1,240			1,057
Total operating expenses		5,836			4,757			17,873			15,641
Income (loss) from operations		2,438			(587	)		13,475			(5,473	)
Other income (expense):
Other income		2			31			22			65
Interest expense		(38	)		(77	)		(261	)		(335	)
Amortization of debt issue costs		(61	)		(31	)		(182	)		(31	)
Interest income		2			2			5			8
Total other expense		(95	)		(75	)		(416	)		(293	)
Income (loss) before income tax		2,343			(662	)		13,059			(5,766	)
Income tax expense		39			0			66			26
Net income (loss)	$	2,304		$	(662	)	$	12,993		$	(5,792	)
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to    common shareholders	$	0.08		$	(0.02	)	$	0.43		$	(0.20	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		30,243,865			29,568,986			30,053,330			29,376,959
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.07		$	(0.02	)	$	0.42		$	(0.20	)
Weighted-average common shares and share    equivalents outstanding		30,824,078			29,568,986			30,862,088			29,376,959

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Statements.

4

ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Shareholders’ Equity
	Common Stock
	Shares			Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, March 31, 2019		29,600,158		$	155,828	$	(36,091	)	$	(101,767	)	$	17,970
Exercise of stock options for cash		10,000			16		—			—			16
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase    Plan		613			—		2			—			2
Stock-based compensation		535,344			171		—			—			171
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based    compensation		(24,628	)		—		(64	)		—			(64	)
Net income		—			—		—			3,968			3,968
Balance, June 30, 2019		30,121,487			156,015		(36,153	)		(97,799	)		22,063
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase    Plan		570			—		2			—			2
Stock-based compensation		111,848			159		—			—			159
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based    compensation		(2,828	)		—		(13	)		—			(13	)
Net income		—			—		—			6,721			6,721
Balance, September 30, 2019		30,231,077			156,174		(36,164	)		(91,078	)		28,932
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase    Plan		605			—		2			—			2
Stock-based compensation		22,046			185		—			—			185
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based    compensation		(666	)		—		(2	)		—			(2	)
Net income		—			—		—			2,304			2,304
Balance, December 31, 2019		30,253,062		$	156,359	$	(36,164	)	$	(88,774	)	$	31,421

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Statements.

5

ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Shareholders’ Equity
	Common Stock
	Shares			Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance, March 31, 2018		28,953,183		$	155,003	$	(36,085	)	$	(95,494	)	$	23,424
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase    Plan		415			—		1			—			1
Stock-based compensation		453,754			228		—			—			228
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based    compensation		(3,867	)		—		(3	)		—			(3	)
Cumulative effect of accounting change due to    adoption of ASC 606		—			—		—			401			401
Net loss		—			—		—			(2,692	)		(2,692	)
Balance, June 30, 2018		29,403,485			155,231		(36,087	)		(97,785	)		21,359
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase    Plan		938			—		1			—			1
Stock-based compensation		137,905			211		—			—			211
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based    compensation		(4,854	)		—		(4	)		—			(4	)
Net loss		—			—		—			(2,438	)		(2,438	)
Balance, September 30, 2018		29,537,474			155,442		(36,090	)		(100,223	)		19,129
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase    Plan		1,708			—		1			—			1
Stock-based compensation		34,785			200		—			—			200
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based    compensation		(2,023	)		—		(3	)		—			(3	)
Net loss		—			—		—			(662	)		(662	)
Balance, December 31, 2018		29,571,944		$	155,642	$	(36,092	)	$	(100,885	)	$	18,665

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Statements.

6

ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	12,993		$	(5,792	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in)    operating activities:
Depreciation		910			1,006
Amortization of intangible assets		282			343
Stock-based compensation		515			639
Amortization of debt issue costs		182			31
Impairment of intangible assets		3			—
Provision for inventory reserves		192			(144	)
Provision for bad debts		—			66
Other		28			8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, current and long-term		(420	)		2,857
Revenue earned but not billed		2,957			(770	)
Inventories		970			(367	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		44			123
Accounts payable		(2,990	)		555
Accrued expenses and other		(1,296	)		(136	)
Deferred revenue, current and long-term		(95	)		(29	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		14,275			(1,610	)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(582	)		(167	)
Additions to patents and licenses		(73	)		(29	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(655	)		(196	)
Financing activities
Payment of long-term debt		(68	)		(58	)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility		63,200			42,498
Payments of revolving credit facility		(71,572	)		(43,078	)
Payments to settle employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation		(76	)		(10	)
Debt issue costs		(91	)		(377	)
Net proceeds from employee equity exercises		20			3
Net cash used in financing activities		(8,587	)		(1,022	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		5,033			(2,828	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		8,729			9,424
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	13,762		$	6,596

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Statements.

7

ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Organization

Orion includes Orion Energy Systems, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation, and all consolidated subsidiaries. Orion designs, manufactures, markets and manages the installation of LED solid-state lighting systems to commercial and industrial businesses, and federal and local governments, predominantly in North America.

Orion’s corporate offices and leased primary manufacturing operations are located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin.  Orion leases office space in Jacksonville, Florida.

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Orion Energy Systems, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Orion have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 or other interim periods.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Orion’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on June 5, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during that reporting period. Areas that require the use of significant management estimates include revenue recognition, inventory obsolescence, allowance for doubtful accounts, accruals for warranty, income taxes, impairment analyses, and certain equity transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Orion's cash is deposited with two financial institutions. At times, deposits in these institutions exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits.  Orion has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes that it is not exposed to any significant financial institution viability risk on these balances.

8

Orion purchases components necessary for its lighting products, including drivers, chips, ballasts, lamps and other LED components, from multiple suppliers.  For the three months ended December 31, 2019, onesupplier accounted for 24.0%of total cost of revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, one supplier accounted for 12.5% of total cost of revenue.For the three months ended December 31, 2018, one supplier accounted for 11.7% of total cost of revenue. For theninemonths ended December 31, 2018, no supplier accounted for more than 10.0% of total cost of revenue.

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 72.3% of total revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 77.3% of total revenue. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, one customer accounted for 11.6% of total revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, no customer accounted for more than 10.0% of total revenue.

As of December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 63.5% of Accounts receivable. As of March 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 56.2% of Accounts receivable.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Standards

On April 1, 2019, Orion adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, and subsequent amendments, which is included in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) as Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), retrospectively through a cumulative-effect adjustment.  Orion elected the package of practical expedients provided for in ASU 842, which among other things, allows companies to carry forward their historical lease classification.  Previously, Orion followed the guidance set forth in ASC 840, Leases.  

For Orion, the most significant difference between ASC 840 and ASC 842 is the requirement that lessees recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by long-term operating leases.  Previously, the financial impact associated with operating leases was recorded only in Orion’s statement of operations.   Determining whether a contract includes a lease, and assessing whether the lease should be accounted for as a finance lease or an operating lease, is a matter of judgment based on whether the risks and rewards, as well as substantive control of the associated assets specified in the contract, have been transferred from the lessor to the lessee.  

Adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recording of additional lease assets and lease liabilities of approximately $0.2 million as of April 1, 2019.    There was no impact to retained earnings.   The adoption of ASC 842 did not materially impact Orion’s consolidated results of operations and had no impact on Orion’s cash flows.  Orion has updated its processes and controls necessary for implementing ASC 842, including the increased footnote disclosure requirements.

NOTE 3 — REVENUE

Changes in Accounting Policies

Orion adopted ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 (the “new standards”) as of April 1, 2018 for contracts with customers that were not fully complete as of April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. The cumulative effect of initially applying the new standards was recorded as an immaterial adjustment to the opening balance of retained deficit within Orion’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity.

General Information

Orion generates revenues primarily by selling commercial LED lighting fixtures and components, including controls and integrated IoT capabilities, and by installing these fixtures in its customer’s facilities on a turnkey basis via a dedicated installation and support team.  Orion recognizes revenue in accordance with the guidance in ASC 606 when control of the goods or services being provided (which Orion refers to as a performance obligation) is transferred to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration that management expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  Prices are generally fixed at the time of order confirmation.  The amount of expected consideration includes estimated deductions and early payment discounts calculated based on historical experience, customer rebates based on agreed upon terms applied to actual and projected sales levels over the rebate period, and any amounts paid to customers in conjunction with fulfilling a performance obligation.

9

If there are multiple performance obligations in a contract, the contract’s total sales price is allocated to each individual performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price.  A performance obligation’s standalone selling price is the price at which Orion would sell such promised good or service separately to a customer.  Orion uses an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost-plus margin approach when one is not available.  The cost-plus margin approach is used to determine the stand-alone selling price for the installation performance obligation and is based on average historical installation margin.

Revenue derived from customer contracts which include only performance obligation(s) for the sale of lighting fixtures and components is classified as Product revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.   The revenue for these transactions is recorded at the point in time when management believes that the customer obtains control of the products, generally either upon shipment or upon delivery to the customer’s facility. This point in time is determined separately for each contract and requires judgment by management of the contract terms and the specific facts and circumstances concerning the transaction.

Revenue from a customer contract which includes both the sale of fixtures and the installation of such fixtures (which Orion refers to as a turnkey project) is allocated between each lighting fixture and the installation performance obligation based on relative standalone selling prices.

Revenue from turnkey projects that is allocated to the sale of the lighting fixtures is recorded at the point in time when management believes the customer obtains control of the product(s) and is reflected in Product revenue.  This point in time is determined separately for each customer contract based upon the terms of the contract and the nature and extent of Orion’s control of the light fixtures during the installation.  Product revenue associated with turnkey projects can be recorded (a) upon shipment or delivery, (b) subsequent to shipment or delivery and upon customer payments for the light fixtures, (c) when an individual light fixture is installed and working correctly, or (d) when the customer acknowledges that the entire installation project is substantially complete.  Determining the point in time when a customer obtains control of the lighting fixtures in a turnkey project can be a complex judgment and is applied separately for each individual light fixture included in a contract.  In making this judgment, management considers the timing of various factors, including, but not limited to, those detailed below:

• when there is a legal transfer of ownership;

• when the customer obtains physical possession of the products;

• when the customer starts to receive the benefit of the products;

• the amount and duration of physical control that Orion maintains on the products after they are shipped to, and received at, the customer’s facility;

• whether Orion is required to maintain insurance on the lighting fixtures when they are in transit and after they are delivered to the customer’s facility;

• when each light fixture is physically installed and working correctly;

• when the customer formally accepts the product; and

• when Orion receives payment from the customer for the light fixtures.  

Revenue from turnkey projects that is allocated to the single installation performance obligation is reflected in Service  revenue.  Service revenue is recorded over-time as Orion fulfills its obligation to install the light fixtures.  Orion measures its performance toward fulfilling its performance obligations for installations using an output method that calculates the number of light fixtures removed and installed as of the measurement date in comparison to the total number of light fixtures to be removed or installed under the contract.

Most products are manufactured in accordance with Orion’s standard specifications.  However, some products are manufactured to a customer’s specific requirements with no alternative use to Orion.  In such cases, and when Orion has an enforceable right to payment, Product revenue is recorded on an over-time basis measured using an input methodology that calculates the costs incurred to date as compared to total expected costs.  There was no over-time revenue related to custom products recognized in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

10

Orion also records revenue in conjunction with several limited power purchase agreements (“PPAs”) still outstanding. Those PPAs are supply-side agreements for the generation of electricity.  Orion’slast PPA expires in 2031.  Revenue associated with the sale of energy generated by the solar facilities under these PPAs is within the scope of ASC 606.  Revenues are recognized over-time and are equal to the amount billed to the customer, which is calculated by applying the fixed rate designated in the PPAs to the variable amount of electricity generated each month.  This approach is in accordance with the “right to invoice” practical expedient provided for in ASC 606.  Orion also recognizes revenue upon the sale to third parties of tax credits received from operating the solar facilities and from amortizing a grant received from the federal government during the period starting when the power generating facilities were constructed until the expiration of the PPAs; these revenues are not derived from contracts with customers and therefore not under the scope of ASC 606.

When shipping and handling activities are performed after a customer obtains control of the product, Orion has elected to treat shipping and handling costs as an activity necessary to fulfill the performance obligation to transfer product to the customer and not as a separate performance obligation.  Any shipping and handling costs charged to customers are recorded in Product revenue.  Shipping and handling costs are accrued and included in Cost of product revenue.

See Note 10, Accrued Expenses and Other for a discussion of Orion’s accounting for the warranty it provides to customers for its products and services.

Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenues) basis.

Contract Fulfillment Costs

Costs associated with product sales are accumulated in inventory as the fixtures are manufactured and are transferred to Cost of product revenue at the time revenue is recorded.  See Note 5, Inventories, Net.  Costs associated with installation sales are expensed as incurred.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Orion’s Product revenue includes revenue from contracts with customers accounted for under the scope of ASC 606 and revenue which is accounted for under other guidance.  For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, Product revenue included $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, derived from sales-type leases for light fixtures, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, derived from the sale of tax credits generated from Orion’s legacy operation for distributing solar energy, and $19 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively, derived from the amortization of federal grants received in 2010 and 2011 as reimbursement for a portion of the costs to construct the legacy solar facilities which are not under the scope of ASC 606.

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, Product revenue included $1.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, derived from sales-type leases for light fixtures, $26 thousand and $0.2 million, respectively, derived from the sale of tax credits generated from Orion’s legacy operation for distributing solar energy, and $19 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively, derived from the amortization of federal grants received in 2010 and 2011 as reimbursement for a portion of the costs to construct the legacy solar facilities which are not under the scope of ASC 606. All remaining Product revenue, and all Service revenue, are derived from contracts with customers as defined in ASC 606.

The primary end-users of Orion’s lighting products and services are (a) commercial or industrial companies, and (b) the federal government.

Commercial or industrial end-users obtain Orion products and services through turnkey project sales or by purchasing products either direct from Orion or through distributors or energy service companies ("ESCOs").  Revenues associated with commercial and industrial end-users are included within each of Orion’s segments, dependent on the sales channel.

The federal government obtains Orion products and services primarily through turnkey project sales that Orion makes to a select group of contractors who focus on the federal government. Revenues associated with government end-users are primarily included in the Orion Engineered Systems Division segment.

11

See Note 17, Segments, for additional discussion concerning Orion’s reportable segments.

The following table provides detail of Orion’s total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2019						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019
	Product		Services		Total		Product		Services		Total
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Lighting revenues, by end user
Federal government	$	78	$	68	$	146	$	902	$	366	$	1,268
Commercial and industrial		25,467		8,314		33,781		91,411		30,805		122,216
Total lighting		25,545		8,382		33,927		92,313		31,171		123,484
Solar energy related revenues		10		—		10		50		—		50
Total revenues from contracts with customers		25,555		8,382		33,937		92,363		31,171		123,534
Revenue accounted for under other guidance		312		—		312		1,415		—		1,415
Total revenue	$	25,867	$	8,382	$	34,249	$	93,778	$	31,171	$	124,949
	Three Months Ended December 31, 2018						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018
	Product		Services		Total		Product		Services		Total
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Lighting revenues, by end user
Federal government	$	894	$	396	$	1,290	$	1,009	$	396	$	1,405
Commercial and industrial		11,976		1,943		13,919		34,987		4,565		39,552
Total lighting		12,870		2,339		15,209		35,996		4,961		40,957
Solar energy related revenues		8		—		8		46		—		46
Total revenues from contracts with customers		12,878		2,339		15,217		36,042		4,961		41,003
Revenue accounted for under other guidance		1,074		—		1,074		2,308		—		2,308
Total revenue	$	13,952	$	2,339	$	16,291	$	38,350	$	4,961	$	43,311

Cash Flow Considerations

Customer payments for material-only orders are due shortly after shipment.

Turnkey projects where the end-user is a commercial or industrial company typically span between one week to three months.  Customer payment requirements for these projects vary by contract.  Some contracts provide for customer payments for products and services as they are delivered, other contracts specify that the customer will pay for the project in its entirety upon completion of the installation.

Turnkey projects where the end-user is the federal government typically span a three to six-month period.  The contracts for these sales often provide for monthly progress payments equal to ninety percent (90%) of the value provided by Orion during the month.

Orion provides long-term financing to one customer who frequently engages Orion in large turnkey projects that span between three and nine months.  The customer executes an agreement providing for monthly payments of the contract price, plus interest, over a five-year period.  The total transaction price in these contracts is allocated between product and services in the same manner as all other turnkey projects.  The portion of the transaction associated with the installation is accounted for consistently with all other installation related performance obligations.  The portion of the transaction associated with the sale of the multiple individual light fixtures is accounted for as sales-type leases in accordance with the guidance for leases.  Revenues associated with the sales-type leases are included in Product revenue and recorded for each fixture separately based on the customer’s monthly acknowledgment that specified fixtures have been installed and are operating as specified.

The payments associated with these transactions that are due during the twelve months subsequent to December 31, 2019 are included in Accounts receivable, net in Orion’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The remaining amounts due that are associated with these transactions are included in Other long-term assets in Orion’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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The customer’s monthly payment obligation commences after completion of the turnkey project.  Orion generally sells the receivable from the customer to an independent financial institution either during, or shortly after completion of, the installation period.  Upon execution of the receivables purchase / sales agreement, all amounts due from the customer are included in Revenues earned but not billed on Orion’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets until cash is received from the financial institution.  The financial institution releases funds to Orion based on the customer’s monthly acknowledgment of the progress Orion has achieved in fulfilling its installation obligation.  Orion provides the progress certifications to the financial institution one month in arrears.

The total amount received from the sales of these receivables during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, was $0.7 million and $4.4 million, respectively.  Orion’s losses on these sales were $39 thousand and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, respectively and are included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The total amount received from the sales of these receivables during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 was $1.5 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Orion’s losses on these sales were $29 thousand and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively and are included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

Orion expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within Sales and marketing expense.  There are no other capitalizable costs associated with obtaining contracts with customers.

Orion’s performance obligations related to lighting fixtures typically do not exceed nine months in duration.  As a result, Orion has elected the practical expedient that provides an exemption to the disclosure requirements regarding information about value assigned to remaining performance obligations on contracts that have original expected durations of one year or less.

Orion has also adopted the practical expedient that provides an exemption to the disclosure requirement of the value assigned to performance obligations associated with contracts that were not complete as of April 1, 2018.

Orion also elected the practical expedient that permits companies to not disclose quantitative information about the future revenue when revenue is recognized as invoices are issued to customers for services performed.

Other than the turnkey projects which result in sales-type leases discussed above, Orion generally receives full payment for satisfied performance obligations in less than one year.  Accordingly, Orion does not adjust revenues for the impact of any potential significant financing component as permitted by the practical expedients provided in ASC 606.

Contract Balances

A receivable is recognized when Orion has an enforceable right to payment in accordance with contract terms and an invoice has been issued to the customer.  Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 days from the invoice date.

Revenue earned but not billed represents revenue that has been recognized in advance of billing the customer, which is a common practice in Orion turnkey contracts.  Once Orion has an unconditional right to consideration under a turnkey contract, Orion typically bills the customer accordingly and reclassifies the amount to Accounts receivable, net.  Revenue earned but not billed as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 includes $0.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which was not derived from contracts with customers and therefore not classified as a contract asset as defined by the new standards.

Deferred revenue, current as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 includes $9 thousand and $48 thousand, respectively, of contract liabilities which represented consideration received from customers prior to the point that Orion has fulfilled the promises included in a performance obligation and recorded revenue.

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Deferred revenue, long-term consists of the unamortized portion of the funds received from the federal government in 2010 and 2011 as reimbursement for the costs to build the two facilities related to the PPAs.  As the transaction is not considered a contract with a customer, this value is not a contract liability as defined by the new standards.

The following chart shows the balance of Orion’s receivables arising from contracts with customers, contract assets and contract liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, net	$	15,224	$	14,804
Contract assets	$	693	$	3,005
Contract liabilities	$	9	$	48

There were no significant changes in the contract assets outside of standard reclassifications to Accounts receivable, net upon billing.  There were no significant changes to contract liabilities.

NOTE 4 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Orion's Accounts receivable and Allowance for doubtful accounts balances were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, gross	$	15,252		$	15,011
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(28	)		(207	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	15,224		$	14,804

NOTE 5 — INVENTORIES, NET

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Orion's Inventory balances were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Cost		Excess and Obsolescence Reserve			Net
As of December 31, 2019
Raw materials and components	$	8,570	$	(1,104	)	$	7,466
Work in process		765		(624	)		141
Finished goods		5,780		(1,152	)		4,628
Total	$	15,115	$	(2,880	)	$	12,235
As of March 31, 2019
Raw materials and components	$	9,161	$	(1,393	)	$	7,768
Work in process		1,010		(269	)		741
Finished goods		6,056		(1,162	)		4,894
Total	$	16,227	$	(2,824	)	$	13,403

NOTE 6 — PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist primarily of debt issue costs, prepaid subscription fees, prepaid insurance premiums, and sales tax receivable.

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NOTE 7 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Property and equipment, net, included the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Land and land improvements	$	433		$	433
Buildings and building improvements		9,467			9,245
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment		7,297			7,238
Leasehold improvements		324			324
Equipment leased to customers		4,997			4,997
Plant equipment		12,757			12,211
Construction in Progress		29			43
Gross property and equipment		35,304			34,491
Less: accumulated depreciation		(23,384	)		(22,481	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	11,920		$	12,010

Orion recorded depreciation expense of $0.3 and $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and $0.3 and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively.

Orion evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets recognized in its financial statements may not be recoverable.  Orion has long-lived assets associated with its legacy solar business and recognizes revenue from the sale to third parties of tax credits received from operating these solar assets. There is currently legislation pending which may decrease the future cash flows associated with the sale of these tax credits.  Depending on the result of this pending legislation change, Orion may record a non-cash impairment charge in a future period.

NOTE 8 — LEASES

From time to time, Orion leases assets from third parties.  Orion also leases certain assets to third parties.  Effective April 1, 2019, leases are accounted for, and reported upon, following the requirements of ASC 842, Leases.   Previously, leases were accounted for, and reported upon, following the requirements of ASC 840, Leases.    

For Orion, the most significant difference between ASC 840 and ASC 842 is the requirement that it recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet whenever it leases assets from a third party.  Previously, under ASC 840, only assets leased from third parties that meet certain requirements, referred to as finance leases, were recorded on Orion’s balance sheet.   Previously, the financial impact of all other leases, referred to as operating leases, was limited to Orion’s results of operations.

Whether it is the lessee or the lessor, Orion’s determination of whether a contract includes a lease, and assessing how the lease should be accounted for, is a matter of judgment based on whether the risks and rewards, as well as substantive control of the assets specified in the contract, have been transferred from the lessor to the lessee.  The judgement considers matters such as whether the assets are transferred from the lessor to the lessee at the end of the contract, the term of the agreement in relation to the asset’s remaining economic useful life, and whether the assets are of such a specialized nature that the lessor will not have an alternative use for such assets at the termination of the agreement.  Other matters requiring judgement are the lease term when the agreement includes renewal or termination options and the interest rate used when initially determining the ROU asset and lease liability.

ROU assets represent Orion’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Orion’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.   Under ASC 842, both finance and operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with initial terms in excess of 12 months are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.   When available, Orion uses the implicit interest rate in the lease when completing this calculation.   However, as most of Orion’s operating lease agreements generating ROU assets do not provide the implicit rate, Orion’s incremental borrowing rate under its line of credit, adjusted for differences in duration and the relative collateral value in relation to the payment obligation, at the commencement of the lease is generally used in this calculation.    The lease term includes options to extend or renew the agreement, or for early termination of the agreement, when it is reasonably certain that Orion will exercise such option.   ROU assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over the lease term.

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Orion recognizes lease expense for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, referred to as short term leases, on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  

One of Orion’s frequent customers purchases products and installation services under agreements that provide for monthly payments, at a fixed monthly amount, of the contract price, plus interest, typically over a five-year period.   While Orion retains ownership of the light fixtures during the financing period, the transaction terms and the underlying economics associated with used lighting fixtures results in Orion essentially ceding ownership of the lighting fixtures to the customer after completion of the agreement.  The portions of the transaction associated with the sale of the light fixtures is accounted for as a sales-type lease.  The total transaction price in these contracts is allocated between the lease and non-lease components in the same manner as the total transaction price of other turnkey projects containing lighting fixtures and installation services.  

Orion leases portions of its corporate headquarters to third parties; all such agreements have been, and continue to be, classified as operating leases under the applicable authoritative accounting guidance.  The assets being leased continue to be included in Property and equipment, net.   Lease payments earned are recorded as a reduction in administrative expenses.

Assets Orion Leases from Other Parties

On March 31, 2016, Orion entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a third party to sell and leaseback Orion's primary manufacturing and distribution facility in Manitowoc, WI for gross cash proceeds of $2.6 million. The transaction closed on June 30, 2016.  Pursuant to the Lease Agreement, Orion is leasing approximately 196,000 square feet. Orion's monthly payment under this lease is approximately $38 thousand.  Orion is responsible for the costs of insurance and utilities for its portion of the facility.  These costs are considered variable lease costs in the quantitative disclosures below.  On March 22, 2018, both parties agreed to extend the lease until December 31, 2020 with no change in payment terms. The lease agreement provided the lessor the right to terminate the lease agreement at any time with twelve months’ notice to Orion.   As a result, the agreement was classified as a short-term lease.

On January 31, 2020, the existing lease was terminated and replaced with a new ten-year lease, with an option for Orion to terminate after six years. Orion is in the process of performing its assessment and analysis of the new lease agreement, and believes that the new lease will result in a material right-of-use-asset and lease liability.  

In February 2014, Orion entered into a multi-year lease agreement for use of approximately 10,500 square feet of office space in a multi-use office building in Jacksonville Florida.  The lease has since been extended and presently terminates on June 30, 2020.   The agreement was classified as an operating lease and represents the single largest operating asset established upon the adoption of ASC 842.

Orion has leased other assets from third parties, principally office and production equipment.  The terms of our other leases vary from contract to contract and expire at various dates through 2020.

A summary of Orion’s assets leased from third parties follows (dollars in thousands):

	Balance sheet classification	December 31, 2019
Assets
Operating lease assets	Other long-term assets	$	79
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	Accrued expenses and other		65
Non-current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	Other long-term liabilities		4
Total lease liabilities		$	69

Orion had operating lease costs of $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019.

Assets Orion Leases to Other Parties

Orion provides long-term financing to one customer who frequently engages Orion in large turnkey projects that span between three and nine months. The customer executes an agreement providing for monthly payments, at a fixed monthly amount, of the contract price, plus interest, over typically a five-year period. The total transaction price in these contracts is allocated between product and services in the same manner as all other turnkey projects.   The portion of the transaction associated with the installation is accounted for consistently with all other installation related performance obligations under ASC 606.  

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While Orion retains ownership of the light fixtures during the financing period, the transaction terms and the underlying economics associated with used lighting fixtures results in Orion essentially ceding ownership of the lighting fixtures to the customer after completion of the agreement.  Therefore, the portions of the transaction associated with the sale of the multiple individual light fixtures is accounted for as a sales-type lease under ASC 842.  

Revenues, and production and acquisition costs, associated with sales-type leases are included in Product revenue and Costs of product revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. These amounts are recorded for each fixture separately based on the customer’s monthly acknowledgment that specified fixtures have been installed and are operating as specified.   The execution of the acknowledgement is considered the commencement date as defined in ASC 842.

The following chart shows the amount of revenue and cost of sales arising from sales-type leases during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2019
Product revenue	$	162,909	$	1,164,547
Cost of product revenue	$	142,452	$	1,043,874

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 includes an immaterial amount related to the net investment in sales-type leases. The Condensed Balance Sheet as of and March 31, 2019 does not include a net investment in sales-type leases as all amounts due from the customer associated with lighting fixtures that were acknowledged to be installed and working correctly prior to period end were transferred to the financing institution prior to the respective balance sheet dates.  

Other Agreements where Orion is the Lessor

Orion has leased unused portions of its corporate headquarters to third parties.  The length and payment terms of the leases vary from contract to contract and, in some cases, include options for the tenants to extend the lease terms.   Annual lease payments are recorded as a reduction in administrative operating expenses and not material in the nine months ended December 31, 2019.   Orion accounts for these transactions as operating leases.

NOTE 9 — OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, the components of, and changes in, the carrying amount of Other intangible assets, net, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019							March 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Patents	$	2,736	$	(1,657	)	$	1,079	$	2,667	$	(1,529	)	$	1,138
Licenses		58		(58	)		—		58		(58	)		—
Trade name and trademarks		1,008		—			1,008		1,007		—			1,007
Customer relationships		3,600		(3,529	)		71		3,600		(3,459	)		141
Developed technology		900		(801	)		99		900		(717	)		183
Total	$	8,302	$	(6,045	)	$	2,257	$	8,232	$	(5,763	)	$	2,469

Amortization expense on intangible assets was $0.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.   Amortization expense on intangible assets was $0.3 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining useful life of intangible assets was 4.6 years.

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The estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2020, the next five fiscal years and beyond is shown below (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal 2020 (period remaining)	$	79
Fiscal 2021		293
Fiscal 2022		196
Fiscal 2023		104
Fiscal 2024		101
Fiscal 2025		92
Thereafter		384
Total	$	1,249

NOTE 10 — ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Accrued expenses and other included the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
Compensation and benefits	$	2,042	$	1,212
Sales tax		557		713
Accrued project costs		1,677		3,293
Legal and professional fees		47		356
Warranty		502		282
Sales returns reserve		145		141
Credits due to customers		929		987
Other accruals		342		426
Total	$	6,241	$	7,410

Orion generally offers a limited warranty of one to ten years on its lighting products, including the pass through of standard warranties offered by major original equipment component manufacturers. The manufacturers’ warranties cover lamps, ballasts, LED modules, chips and drivers, control devices, and other fixture related items, which are significant components in Orion's lighting products.

Changes in Orion’s warranty accrual (both current and long-term) were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,						For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Beginning of period	$	803		$	721		$	657		$	673
Reclassification on adoption of ASC 606		—			—			—			73
Accruals		157			129			503			177
Warranty claims (net of vendor reimbursements)		(51	)		(67	)		(251	)		(140	)
End of period	$	909		$	783		$	909		$	783

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NOTE 11 — NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, Orion was in a net loss position; therefore, the Basic and Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are equal because any increase to the basic shares would be anti-dilutive. Basic and Diluted net income (loss) per common share was calculated based upon the following:

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,					For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2019		2018
Numerator:
Net income (loss) (in thousands)	$	2,304	$	(662	)	$	12,993	$	(5,792	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		30,243,865		29,568,986			30,053,330		29,376,959
Weighted-average common shares and common share    equivalents outstanding		30,824,078		29,568,986			30,862,088		29,376,959
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.08	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	(0.20	)
Diluted	$	0.07	$	(0.02	)	$	0.42	$	(0.20	)

Orion uses the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding dilutive equity incentive instruments, which requires Orion to compute total proceeds as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise of the award and the amount of unearned stock-based compensation costs attributable to future services. Equity incentive instruments for which the total employee proceeds from exercise exceed the average fair value of the same equity incentive instrument over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on net income per common share during periods with net income, and accordingly, Orion excludes them from the calculation. Anti-dilutive equity instruments of approximately 203,734 and 220,534 common shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per common share for the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2019 respectively. Due to the net loss incurred during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, the assumed exercise of all equity incentive instruments was anti-dilutive and, therefore, was not included in the diluted loss per common share calculation for those periods.

NOTE 12 — LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Revolving credit facility	$	829		$	9,202
Equipment debt obligations		109			177
Total long-term debt		938			9,379
Less current maturities		(56	)		(96	)
Long-term debt, less current maturities	$	882		$	9,283

Revolving Credit Agreement

On October 26, 2018, Orion and its subsidiaries entered into a new secured revolving Business Financing Agreement with Western Alliance Bank, as lender (the “Credit Agreement”). On June 3, 2019, Orion and certain of its subsidiaries entered into an amendment (the “First Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which increased the maximum borrowing base credit available for certain of the customer receivables included in Orion’s borrowing base and provided for a borrowing base credit of up to $3.0 million based on inventory, in each case, subject to certain conditions. On August 2, 2019, Orion and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a second amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which established a rent reserve in an amount equal to three months’ rent payable at any leased location where Orion maintains inventory included in its borrowing base and provided for a reduction of the borrowing base credit that Orion may receive for inventory if Orion defaults under the lease for any such location. As of December 31, 2019, this rent reserve equaled $0.1 million. On November 21, 2019, Orion and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a third amendment (the “Third Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which

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extended the maturity date from October 26, 2020 to October 26, 2021; increased the sublimit under the Credit Agreement for advances under business credit cards from $1.5 million to $3 million; created a new $2 million sublimit permitting entry into foreign currency forward contracts with the lender; expanded the Company’s ability to make capital expenditures and incur other debt from time to time; and permitted the lender to amend the financial covenant included in the Credit Agreement (which requires the maintenance of a certain amount of unrestricted cash on deposit with the lender at the end of each month) upon receipt of the Company’s annual projections.

The Credit Agreement, as amended provides for a revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) that matures on October 26, 2021. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are currently limited to $20.15 million, subject to a borrowing base requirement based on eligible receivables and inventory.  The Credit Agreement includes a $2.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit. As of December 31, 2019, Orion’s borrowing base was $14.7 million, and Orion had $0.8 million in borrowings outstanding which were included in non-current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Orion had no outstanding letters of credit leaving total borrowing availability of $13.9 million.

The Credit Agreement is secured by a security interest in substantially all of Orion's and its subsidiaries’ personal property.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement generally bear interest at floating rates based upon the prime rate (but not less than 5.00% per year) plus an applicable margin determined by reference to Orion’s quick ratio (defined as the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash, unrestricted marketable securities and, with certain adjustments, receivables convertible into cash divided by total current liabilities, including the obligations under the Credit Agreement). As of December 31, 2019, the applicable interest rate was 5.25%. Among other fees, Orion is required to pay an annual facility fee equal to 0.45% of the credit limit under the Credit Agreement, which was paid at commencement (October 26, 2018) and is due on each anniversary thereof.  

The Credit Agreement requires Orion to maintain nine months’ of “RML” as of the end of each month.  For purposes of the Credit Agreement, RML is defined as, as of the applicable determination date, unrestricted cash on deposit with the lender plus availability under the Credit Agreement divided by an amount equal to, for the applicable trailing three-month period, consolidated net profit before tax, plus depreciation expense, amortization expense and stock-based compensation, minus capital lease principal payments, tested as of the end of each month. As of December 31, 2019, Orion was in compliance with this RML requirement.

The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default and other covenants, including certain restrictions on Orion’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, consolidate or merge, enter into acquisitions, pay any dividend or distribution on Orion’s stock, redeem, retire or purchase shares of Orion’s stock, make investments or pledge or transfer assets. If an event of default under the Credit Agreement occurs and is continuing, then the lender may cease making advances under the Credit Agreement and declare any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if Orion becomes the subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement will automatically become immediately due and payable.

Equipment Debt Obligations

In June 2015, Orion entered into an agreement with a financing company in the principal amount of $0.4 million to fund the purchase of certain equipment. The debt is secured by the related equipment. The debt bears interest at a rate of 5.94% and matures in June 2020.

In February 2019, Orion entered into additional debt agreements with a financing company in the principal amount of $44 thousand and $30 thousand to fund the purchase of certain equipment. The debts are secured by the related equipment. The debts bear interest at a rate of 6.43% and 8.77%, respectively, and both debts mature in January 2024.

Customer Equipment Finance Notes Payable

In December 2014, Orion entered into a secured borrowing agreement with a financing company in the principal amount of $0.4 million to fund completed customer contracts under its Orion Throughput Agreement (“OTA”) finance program that

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were previously funded under a different OTA credit agreement.  The loan amount was secured by the OTA-related equipment and the expected future monthly payments under the supporting 25 individual OTA customer contracts. The borrowing agreement bore an interest rate of 8.36% and matured in April 2018.

NOTE 13 — INCOME TAXES

Orion’s income tax provision was determined by applying an estimated annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known to book income (loss) before income tax, adjusting for discrete items. Orion’s actual effective tax rate is adjusted each interim period, as appropriate, for changes in facts and circumstances. For the three-month period ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, Orion recorded income tax expense of $39 thousand and $0, respectively, using this methodology. For the nine-month period ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, Orion recorded income tax expense of $66 thousand and $26 thousand, respectively, using this methodology.

As of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 Orion had a full valuation allowance recorded against its deferred tax assets. Orion considers future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. In the event that Orion determines that the deferred tax assets are able to be realized, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would increase income in the period such determination is made.   

Uncertain Tax Positions

As of December 31, 2019, Orion’s balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $0.1 million, all of which would reduce Orion’s effective tax rate if recognized.

Orion has classified the amounts recorded for uncertain tax benefits in the balance sheet as Other long-term liabilities to the extent that payment is not anticipated within one year. Orion recognizes penalties and interest related to uncertain tax liabilities in Income tax expense. Penalties and interest are included in the unrecognized tax benefits.

NOTE 14 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

Orion is subject to various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Orion does not believe the final resolution of any of such claims or legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on Orion’s future results of operations or financial condition.  

State Tax Assessment

During fiscal 2018, Orion was notified of a pending sales and use tax audit by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue for the period covering April 1, 2013 through March 31, 2017.   Although the final resolution of Orion's sales and use tax audit is uncertain, the ultimate disposition of this matter is not expected to have a material adverse effect on Orion's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, statements of operations, or liquidity.

During fiscal 2019, Orion was notified of a pending sales and use tax audit by the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration for the period covering April 1, 2015 through March 31, 2018. During the previous quarter, the sales and use tax audit was finalized. The ultimate disposition of this matter did not have a material adverse effect on the Orion's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, statements of operations, or liquidity.

NOTE 15 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Shareholder Rights Plan

On January 3, 2019, Orion entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Rights Agreement, which amended the Rights Agreement dated as of January 7, 2009 and extended its terms by three years to January 7, 2022.  Under the amendment, each common share purchase right (a “Right”), if exercisable, will initially represent the right to purchase from Orion, one share of Orion’s common stock, no par value per share, for a purchase price of $7.00 per share.

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The Rights will not be exercisable (and will be transferable only with Orion’s common stock) until a “Distribution Date” occurs (or the Rights are earlier redeemed or expire). A Distribution Date generally will occur on the earlier of a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (“Acquiring Person”) has acquired beneficial ownership of 20% or more of Orion’s outstanding common stock (“Shares Acquisition Date”) or 10 business days after the commencement of, or the announcement of an intention to make, a tender offer or exchange offer that would result in any such person or group of persons acquiring such beneficial ownership.

If a person becomes an Acquiring Person, holders of Rights (except as otherwise provided in the Rights Agreement) will have the right to receive upon exercise that number of shares of Orion’s common stock having a market value of two times the then-current purchase price, and all Rights beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person, or by certain related parties or transferees, will be null and void. If, after a Shares Acquisition Date, Orion is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction or 50% or more of its consolidated assets or earning power are sold, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Right (except as otherwise provided in the Rights Agreement) will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise that number of shares of the acquiring company’s common stock which at the time of such transaction will have a market value of two times the then-current purchase price.

Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will have no rights as a shareholder of Orion. At any time prior to a person becoming an Acquiring Person, the Board of Directors of Orion may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per Right. Unless they are extended or earlier redeemed or exchanged, the Rights will expire on January 7, 2022.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2010, Orion’s Board of Directors approved a non-compensatory employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP.  In the three months ended December 31, 2019, Orion issued 666 shares under the ESPP plan at a closing market price of $3.35.

	Shares Issued Under ESPP Plan		Closing Market Price
Quarter Ended June 30, 2019		613	2.97
Quarter Ended September 30, 2019		570	2.85
Quarter Ended December 31, 2019		666	3.35
Total issued in fiscal 2020		1,849	$ 2.85 - 3.35

NOTE 16 — STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES

At Orion’s 2019 annual meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2019, Orion’s shareholders approved the Orion Energy Systems, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “Amended 2016 Plan”). Approval of the Amended 2016 Plan increased the number of shares of Orion’s common stock available for issuance under the Amended 2016 Plan from 1,750,000 shares to 3,500,000 shares (an increase of 1,750,000 shares); added a minimum vesting period for all awards granted under the Amended 2016 Plan (with limited exceptions); and added a specific prohibition on the payment of dividends and dividend equivalents on unvested awards.

The Amended 2016 Plan authorizes grants of equity-based and incentive cash awards to eligible participants designated by the Plan's administrator.  Awards under the Amended 2016 Plan may consist of stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units, common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units, incentive awards or dividend equivalent units.

Prior to the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company maintained its 2004 Stock and Incentive Awards Plan, as amended, which authorized the grant of cash and equity awards to employees (the “2004 Plan”).  No new awards are being granted under the 2004 Plan; however, all awards granted under the 2004 Plan that are outstanding will continue to be governed by the 2004 Plan.  Forfeited awards originally issued under the 2004 Plan are canceled and are not available for subsequent issuance under the 2004 Plan or under the Amended 2016 Plan.  The Amended 2016 Plan and the 2004 Plan also permit accelerated vesting in the event of certain changes of control of Orion as well as under other special circumstances.

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Certain non-employee directors have from time to time elected to receive stock awards in lieu of cash compensation pursuant to elections made under Orion’s non-employee director compensation program.

The following amounts of stock-based compensation were recorded (dollars in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,				For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Cost of product revenue	$	1	$	1	$	2		$	3
Cost of service revenue		—		1		(1	)		2
General and administrative		172		185		482			592
Sales and marketing		1		13		1			41
Research and development		11		—		31			1
Total	$	185	$	200	$	515		$	639

During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, Orion had the following activity related to its stock-based compensation:

	Restricted Shares			Stock Options
Awards outstanding at March 31, 2019		1,312,593			467,836
Awards granted		279,468			—
Awards vested or exercised		(669,238	)		(10,000	)
Awards forfeited		(17,150	)		(19,874	)
Awards outstanding at December 31, 2019		905,673			437,962
Per share price on grant date	$	3.02			—

As of December 31, 2019, the amount of deferred stock-based compensation expense to be recognized, over a remaining period of 1.6 years, was approximately $1.1 million.

NOTE 17 — SEGMENTS

Orion has the following business segments: Orion Engineered Services Division ("OES"), Orion Distribution Services Division ("ODS"), and Orion U.S. Markets Division ("USM").  The accounting policies are the same for each business segment as they are on a consolidated basis.

Orion Engineered Systems Division

The OES segment develops and sells lighting products and provides construction and engineering services for Orion's commercial lighting and energy management systems. OES provides engineering, design, lighting products and in many cases turnkey solutions for large national accounts, governments, municipalities, schools and other customers.

Orion Distribution Services Division

The ODS segment focuses on selling lighting products through manufacturer representative agencies and a network of North American broadline electrical distributors and contractors.

Orion U.S. Markets Division

The USM segment sells commercial lighting systems and energy management systems to the wholesale contractor markets. USM customers include ESCOs and contractors.

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Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other is comprised of operating expenses not directly allocated to Orion’s segments and adjustments to reconcile to consolidated results (dollars in thousands).

	Revenues				Operating Income (Loss)
	For the Three Months Ended December 31,				For the Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Segments:
Orion Engineered Systems	$	27,275	$	6,802	$	3,174		$	33
Orion Distribution Services		3,634		6,102		(206	)		(236	)
Orion U.S. Markets		3,340		3,387		578			569
Corporate and Other		—		—		(1,108	)		(953	)
	$	34,249	$	16,291	$	2,438		$	(587	)

	Revenues				Operating Income (Loss)
	For the Nine Months Ended December 31,				For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Segments:
Orion Engineered Systems	$	104,369	$	15,168	$	15,861		$	(1,944	)
Orion Distribution Services		11,191		20,202		(691	)		(1,082	)
Orion U.S. Markets		9,389		7,941		1,750			793
Corporate and Other		—		—		(3,445	)		(3,240	)
	$	124,949	$	43,311	$	13,475		$	(5,473	)

NOTE 18 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Non-recognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date.   

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in this Form 10-Q, as well as our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Any statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, prospects, financial condition, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and are “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the federal securities laws. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “should”, “intend”, “plan”, “will”, “expects”, “estimates”, “projects”, “positioned”, “strategy”, “outlook” and similar words. You should read the statements that contain these types of words carefully. Such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from what is expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. There may be events in the future that we are not able to predict accurately or over which we have no control. Potential risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. We urge you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to such forward-looking statements to reflect events or uncertainties after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Overview

We provide state-of-the-art light emitting diode (“LED”) lighting, wireless Internet of Things (“IoT”) enabled control solutions, project engineering and design and energy project management.  We research, design, develop, manufacture, market, sell, install, and implement energy management systems consisting primarily of high-performance, energy-efficient commercial and industrial interior and exterior lighting systems and related services. Our products are targeted for applications in three primary market segments: commercial office and retail, area lighting, and industrial applications, although we do sell and install products into other markets. Virtually all of our sales occur within North America.

Our lighting products consist primarily of LED lighting fixtures, many of which include IoT enabled control systems. Our principal customers include large national account end-users, electrical distributors and energy service companies ("ESCOs").  A substantial amount of our products are manufactured at our leased production facility located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. In addition, certain products and components are sourced from third parties in order to provide versatility in our product development and portfolio.

We have significant experience offering our comprehensive project management services to national account customers to retrofit their multiple locations. Our comprehensive services include initial site surveys and audits, utility incentive and government subsidy management, engineering design, and project management from delivery through to installation and controls integration.

We believe the market for LED lighting products and related services continues to grow.  Due to their size and flexibility in application, we also believe that LED lighting systems can address opportunities for retrofit applications that cannot be satisfied by other lighting technologies. Our LED lighting technologies and related services have become the primary component of our revenue as we continue to strive to be a leader in the LED market.  

We generally do not have long-term contracts with our customers that provide us with recurring revenue from period to period and we typically generate substantially all of our revenue from sales of lighting systems and related services to governmental, commercial and industrial customers on a project-by-project basis. We also perform work under global services or product purchasing agreements with major customers with sales completed on a purchase order basis.  The loss of, or substantial reduction in sales to, any of our significant customers, or our current single largest customer, or the termination or delay of a significant volume of purchase orders by one or more key customers, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any given future period.

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We typically sell our lighting systems in replacement of our customers’ existing lighting fixtures. We call this replacement process a "retrofit".  We frequently sell our products and services directly to our customers and in many cases we provide design and installation as well as project management services. We also sell our lighting systems on a wholesale basis, principally to electrical distributors and ESCOs to sell to their own customer bases.

The gross margins of our products can vary significantly depending upon the types of products we sell, with gross margins typically ranging from 10% to 50%. As a result, a change in the total mix of our sales among higher or lower gross margin products can cause our profitability to fluctuate from period to period.

Our fiscal year ends on March 31. We refer to our current fiscal year which will end on March 31, 2020 as "fiscal 2020".  We refer to our most recently completed fiscal year, which ended on March 31, 2019, as “fiscal 2019”, and our prior fiscal year which ended on March 31, 2018 as "fiscal 2018".  Our fiscal first quarter of each fiscal year ends on June 30, our fiscal second quarter ends on September 30, our fiscal third quarter ends on December 31, and our fiscal fourth quarter ends on March 31.

Reportable segments are components of an entity that have separate financial data that the entity's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") regularly reviews when allocating resources and assessing performance. Our CODM is our chief executive officer. We have three reportable segments:  Orion Engineered Systems Division ("OES"), Orion Distribution Services Division ("ODS"), and Orion U.S. Markets Division ("USM").

Managing Impacts of Tariffs and Trade Policies

There continues to be a debate regarding a wide range of policy options with respect to monetary, regulatory, and trade, amongst others, that the U.S. federal government has and may pursue, including the imposition of tariffs on certain imports. Certain sourced finished products and certain of the components used in our products are impacted by the imposed tariffs on imports from certain countries.  Our efforts to mitigate the impact of added costs include sourcing from non-tariff impacted countries, value engineering our products to reduce cost and raising prices. We believe that these mitigation activities will assist to offset added costs, and we currently believe that such tariffs will have a limited adverse financial effect on our results of operations. Any future policy changes that may be implemented could have a positive or negative consequence on our financial performance depending on how the changes would influence many factors, including business and consumer sentiment.

Strategic Approach

We remain optimistic about our near-term and long-term financial performance. Our ability to achieve our desired revenue growth and profitability goals depends on our ability to effectively execute on the following key strategic initiatives:

Focus on executing and marketing our turnkey LED retrofit capabilities to large national account customers. We believe one of our competitive advantages is our ability to deliver full turnkey LED lighting project capabilities starting with energy audits and site assessments that lead to custom engineering and manufacturing through to fully managed installations. These attributes coupled with our superior customer service, high quality designs and expedited delivery responsiveness have resulted in contracts to retrofit multiple locations for multiple national account customers. We believe that these contracts will help lead our growth momentum for the remainder of fiscal 2020 and beyond. We also see the potential for maintenance and electrical services to be a component of our recurring revenue going forward as our customers recognize our ability to first deliver turnkey installations and then provide maintenance and other electrical services to their facilities.

Support success of our ESCO and agent-driven distribution sales channels. We continue to focus on building our relationships and product and sales support for our ESCO and agent driven distribution channels. These efforts include an array of product and sales training efforts as well as the development of new products to cater to the unique needs of these sales channels.

Continued Product Innovation. We continue to innovate, developing lighting fixtures and features that address specific customer requirements, while also working to maintain a leadership position in energy efficiency, smart product design and installation benefits. We also continue to deepen our capabilities in the integration of smart lighting controls. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art lighting products with modular plug-and-play designs to enable lighting system customization from basic controls to advanced IoT capabilities.

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Leveraging of our Smart Lighting Systems to Support Internet of Things Applications. We believe we are ideally positioned to help customers to efficiently deploy new IoT controls and applications by leveraging the “Smart Ceiling” capabilities of our solid state lighting system. IoT capabilities can include the management and tracking of facilities, personnel, resources and customer behavior, driving both sales and lowering costs for our customers. As a result, these added capabilities provide customers an even greater return on investment from their lighting system and make us an even more attractive partner.

Recent Developments

During fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2020, we signed a series of contracts to retrofit multiple locations for a major national account customer with our state-of-the-art LED lighting systems and wireless IoT enabled control solutions at locations nationwide.  We currently expect total revenue from the customer to be approximately $130 million, dependent on purchase orders, a significant amount of which we expect to be recognized during fiscal 2020.

Results of Operations - Three Months Ended December 31, 2019 versus Three Months Ended December 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the line items of our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and as a relative percentage of our total revenue for each applicable period, together with the relative percentage change in such line item between applicable comparable periods (dollars in thousands, except percentages):

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018						2019			2018
	Amount			Amount			% Change			% of Revenue			% of Revenue
Product revenue	$	25,867		$	13,952			85.4	%		75.5	%		85.6	%
Service revenue		8,382			2,339			258.4	%		24.5	%		14.4	%
Total revenue		34,249			16,291			110.2	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of product revenue		19,075			10,508			81.5	%		55.7	%		64.5	%
Cost of service revenue		6,900			1,613			327.8	%		20.1	%		9.9	%
Total cost of revenue		25,975			12,121			114.3	%		75.8	%		74.4	%
Gross profit		8,274			4,170			98.4	%		24.2	%		25.6	%
General and administrative expenses		2,662			2,269			17.3	%		7.8	%		13.9	%
Sales and marketing expenses		2,735			2,190			24.9	%		8.0	%		13.4	%
Research and development expenses		439			298			47.3	%		1.3	%		1.8	%
Income (loss) from operations		2,438			(587	)	NM				7.1	%		(3.6	)%
Other income		2			31			(93.5	)%		0.0	%		0.2	%
Interest expense		(38	)		(77	)		(50.6	)%		(0.1	)%		(0.5	)%
Amortization of debt issue costs		(61	)		(31	)		96.8	%		(0.2	)%		(0.2	)%
Interest income		2			2			—			0.0	%		0.0	%
Income (loss) before income tax		2,343			(662	)	NM				6.8	%		(4.1	)%
Income tax expense		39			—		NM				0.1	%		—
Net income (loss)	$	2,304		$	(662	)	NM				6.7	%		(4.1	)%

* NM - Not Meaningful

Revenue. Product revenue increased 85.4%, or $11.9 million, for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the third quarter of fiscal 2019. The increase in product revenue was the result of higher sales volume through our national account channel, and almost exclusively as a result of a major retrofit project for multiple locations for one of our national account customers. Service revenue increased 258.4%, or $6.0 million, due to higher sales volume through our national account channel for the major retrofit project for one customer and the timing of those project installations. In the third quarter of fiscal 2020, sales to this one national account customer represented 72.3% of our total revenue. Total revenue increased by 110.2%, or $18.0 million, due to the items discussed above.

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Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin. Cost of product revenue increased 81.5%, or $8.6 million, in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the third quarter of fiscal 2019due to the significantincrease in our sales.  Cost of service revenue increased327.8% or $5.3 million, in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 versus the third quarter of fiscal 2019due to the increase in sales. Gross margin decreased from 25.6% of revenue in fiscal 2019 to 24.2% in fiscal 2020, due to the change in customer sales mix and lower average margins on sales for the major retrofit project to one national account customer.

Operating Expenses

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased 17.3%, or $0.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to higher bonus and employment costs.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased 24.9%, or $0.5 million, in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019. This comparative increase was primarily due to an increase in commission expense on higher sales and higher employment costs.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 increased 47.3%, or $0.1 million, compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to higher employment costs.

Other Income. Other income in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 primarily represented product royalties received from licensing agreements for our patents.

Interest Expense. Interest expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased by 50.6%, or $39 thousand, from the third quarter of fiscal 2019. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to fewer sales of receivables in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

Amortization of debt issue costs. Amortization of debt issue costs in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 increased by $30 thousand from the third quarter of fiscal 2019. The increase in amortization of debt issue costs was due to the timing of the execution of our credit agreement.

Interest Income. Interest income in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 remained relatively flat compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019. Interest income relates to interest earned on sweep bank accounts.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense increased $39 thousand, in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019. Our income tax expense is due primarily to minimum state tax liabilities.

Orion Engineered Systems Division

Our OES segment develops and sells lighting products and provides construction and engineering services for our commercial lighting and energy management systems. OES provides engineering, design, lighting products and in many cases turnkey solutions for large national accounts, governments, municipalities, schools and other customers.

The following table summarizes our OES segment operating results (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues	$	27,275		$	6,802			301.0	%
Operating income	$	3,174		$	33			9518.2	%
Operating margin		11.6	%		0.5	%

* NM - Not Meaningful

OES segment revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was $27.3 million, an increase of $20.5 million from the third quarter of fiscal 2019, as a result of the increase in volume of turnkey projects to one large national account customer.

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OES segment operating income in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was $3.2 million, anincrease of $3.2 million fromthe third quarter of fiscal 2019. The increase in the segment’s operating income was the result of higher sales in this segment, resulting in improved operating leverage.

Orion Distribution Services Division

Our ODS segment focuses on selling lighting products through manufacturer representative agencies and a network of North American broadline and electrical distributors and contractors.

The following table summarizes our ODS segment operating results (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues	$	3,634		$	6,102			(40.4	)%
Operating loss	$	(206	)	$	(236	)		12.7	%
Operating margin		(5.7	)%		(3.9	)%

* NM - Not Meaningful

ODS segment revenue decreased in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 by 40.4%, or $2.5 million, compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a decrease in sales volume through our distribution channel.

ODS segment operating loss in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was relatively flat, compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019, reflecting lower allocated costs.

Orion U.S. Markets Division

Our USM segment sells commercial lighting systems and energy management systems to the wholesale contractor markets. USM customers include ESCOs and contractors.

The following table summarizes our USM segment operating results (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues	$	3,340		$	3,387			(1.4	)%
Operating income	$	578		$	569			1.6	%
Operating margin		17.3	%		16.8	%

* NM - Not Meaningful

USM segment revenue was relatively flat in the third quarter of fiscal 2020, compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

USM segment operating income for the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was relatively flat, compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

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Results of Operations - Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019 versus Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018

The following table sets forth the line items of our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and as a relative percentage of our total revenue for each applicable period, together with the relative percentage change in such line item between applicable comparable periods (dollars in thousands, except percentages):

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018						2019			2018
	Amount			Amount			% Change			% of Revenue			% of Revenue
Product revenue	$	93,778		$	38,350			144.5	%		75.1	%		88.5	%
Service revenue		31,171			4,961			528.3	%		24.9	%		11.5	%
Total revenue		124,949			43,311			188.5	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of product revenue		68,778			29,599			132.4	%		55.0	%		68.3	%
Cost of service revenue		24,823			3,544			600.4	%		19.9	%		8.2	%
Total cost of revenue		93,601			33,143			182.4	%		74.9	%		76.5	%
Gross profit		31,348			10,168			208.3	%		25.1	%		23.5	%
General and administrative expenses		8,274			7,681			7.7	%		6.6	%		17.7	%
Sales and marketing expenses		8,359			6,903			21.1	%		6.7	%		15.9	%
Research and development expenses		1,240			1,057			17.3	%		1.0	%		2.4	%
Income (loss) from operations		13,475			(5,473	)		346.2	%		10.8	%		(12.6	)%
Other income		22			65			(66.2	)%		0.0	%		0.2	%
Interest expense		(261	)		(335	)		22.1	%		(0.2	)%		(0.8	)%
Amortization of debt issue costs		(182	)		(31	)		487.1	%		(0.1	)%		(0.1	)%
Interest income		5			8			(37.5	)%		0.0	%		0.0	%
Income (loss) before income tax		13,059			(5,766	)		326.5	%		10.5	%		(13.3	)%
Income tax expense		66			26			153.8	%		0.1	%		0.1	%
Net Income (loss)	$	12,993		$	(5,792	)		324.3	%		10.4	%		(13.4	)%

* NM - Not Meaningful

Revenue. Product revenue increased 144.5%, or $55.4 million, for the first nine month of fiscal 2020 versus the first nine month of fiscal 2019. The increase in product revenue was the result of higher sales volume through our national account channel, and exclusively the result of a major retrofit project for multiple locations for one of our national account customers. Service revenue increased 528.3%, or $26.2 million, due to higher sales volume through our national account channel for the major retrofit project for one customer and the timing of those project installations. In the first nine months of fiscal 2020, sales to this one national account customer represented 77.3% of our total revenue. Total revenue increased by 188.5%, or $81.6 million, due to the items discussed above.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin. Cost of product revenue increased 132.4%, or $39.2 million, in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the first nine months of fiscal 2019 due to the increase in sales.  Cost of service revenue increased 600.4% or $21.3 million, in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 versus the first nine months of fiscal 2019 due to the increase in sales. Gross margin increased from 23.5% of revenue in fiscal 2019 to 25.1% in fiscal 2020, due to our higher sales levels covering fixed costs.

Operating Expenses

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased 7.7%, or $0.6 million, in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2019, primarily due to higher bonus and employment costs, partially offset by lower consulting and legal costs.

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Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased 21.1%, or $1.5 million, in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The comparativeincrease was primarily due to anincrease in commission expense on higher sales and higher employment costs.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased 17.3%, or $0.2 million, in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher employment costs.

Other Income. Other income in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 primarily represented product royalties received from licensing agreements for certain of our patents.

Interest Expense. Interest expense in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased by 22.1%, or $0.1 million, from the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The decrease in interest expense in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 as compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2019 was due primarily to fewer sales of receivables partially offset by higher interest expense of increased borrowings under our revolving credit agreement.

Amortization of debt issue costs. Amortization of debt issue costs in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 increased by $0.2 million from the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The increase in amortization of debt issue costs was due to the timing of the execution of our credit agreement.

Interest Income. Interest income in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 remained relatively flat compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Interest income relates to interest earned on sweep bank accounts.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense increased 153.8%, or $40 thousand, in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Our income tax expense is due primarily to minimum state tax liabilities.

Orion Engineered Systems Division

The following table summarizes our OES segment operating results (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues	$	104,369		$	15,168			588.1	%
Operating income (loss)	$	15,861		$	(1,944	)	NM
Operating margin		15.2	%		(12.8	)%

* NM - Not Meaningful

OES segment revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was $104.4 million, an increase of $89.2 million from the first nine months of fiscal 2019, as a result of the increase in volume of turnkey projects to one large national account customer.

OES segment operating income in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was $15.9 million, an increase of $17.8 million from an operating loss of $2.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The increase in the segment’s operating income was the result of significantly higher sales.

Orion Distribution Services Division

The following table summarizes our ODS segment operating results (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues	$	11,191		$	20,202			(44.6	)%
Operating loss		(691	)		(1,082	)		36.1	%
Operating margin		(6.2	)%		(5.4	)%

* NM - Not Meaningful

31

ODS segment revenue decreased in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 by 44.6%, or $9.0 million, compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a decrease in sales volume through our distribution channel.

ODS segment operating loss in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was $(0.7 million), a decrease of $0.4 million from an operating loss of $(1.1 million) in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The decrease in the operating loss in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 as compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2019 was primarily due to the decrease in sales and related product costs.

Orion U.S. Markets Division

The following table summarizes our USM segment operating results (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			% Change
Revenues	$	9,389		$	7,941			18.2	%
Operating income	$	1,750		$	793			120.7	%
Operating margin		18.6	%		10.0	%

* NM - Not Meaningful

USM segment revenue increased from the first nine months of fiscal 2019 by 18.2%, or $1.5 million.  The increase in revenue during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2019 was due to an increase in sales volume.

USM segment operating income for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was $1.8 million, an increase of $1.0 million over the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The increase in operating income in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 was due primarily to the increase in sales volume.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We had approximately $13.8 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019, compared to $8.7 million at March 31, 2019.  Our cash position increased as a result of our significantly increased net income, offset by working capital changes and the net repayment of $8.4 million on our revolving credit facility.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we listed our corporate office location in Manitowoc, Wisconsin for sale or lease to increase our liquidity by attempting to divest a non-core asset. Because of the uncertainty of a sale of our building in the next 12 months, the building continues to be classified as held and used as of December 31, 2019. However, any sale of our building will likely result in a non-cash impairment charge, as the building is currently listed for below its net book value.

Our future liquidity needs and forecasted cash flows are dependent upon many factors, including our relative revenue, gross margins, cash management practices, cost reduction initiatives, working capital management, capital expenditures, pending or future litigation results and cost containment measures. In addition, we tend to experience higher working capital costs when we increase sales from existing levels.

32

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Operating activities	$	14,275		$	(1,610	)
Investing activities		(655	)		(196	)
Financing activities		(8,587	)		(1,022	)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	5,033		$	(2,828	)

Cash Flows Related to Operating Activities. Cash provided by (used in) operating activities primarily consisted of a net income (loss) adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation, amortization of debt issue costs, provisions for reserves, and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

Cash provided by operating activities for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was $14.3 million and consisted of our net income adjusted for non-cash expense items of $15.1 million and net cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.8 million.  Cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of a decrease of $3.0 million in Accounts payable, and a decrease of $1.3 million in Accrued expenses and other based on timing of invoice receipt and payment. Cash provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of a decrease of $3.0 million in Revenue earned but not billed due to the timing on revenue recognition compared to invoicing, and $1.0 million in Inventory primarily due to the timing of anticipated fourth quarter sales.

Cash used in operating activities for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 was ($1.6 million) and consisted of a net loss adjusted for non-cash expense items of ($3.8 million) and net cash provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $2.2 million.  Cash used by changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of a decrease of $0.8 million in Revenue earned but not billed due to timing on revenue recognition compared to invoicing, and an increase in Inventory of $0.4 million on anticipated fourth quarter sales. Cash provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of a decrease of $2.9 million in Accounts receivable due to lower sales and the timing of customer collections, and an increase of $0.6 million in Accounts payable based on timing of payments.

Cash Flows Related to Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities of ($0.7 million) in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 consisted of purchases of property and equipment.

Cash used in investing activities in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 consisted of purchases of property and equipment and additions to patents and licenses.

Cash Flows Related to Financing Activities. Cash used in financing activities of ($8.6 million) in the first nine months of fiscal 2020. This use of cash consisted primarily of net repayments of ($8.4 million) on our revolving credit facility.

Cash used in financing activities of ($1.0 million) in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. This use of cash consisted primarily of net repayments of ($0.6 million) of our new and prior revolving credit facility and debt issue costs associated with our Credit Agreement (defined below) of ($0.4 million).

Working Capital

Our net working capital as of December 31, 2019 was $19.4 million, consisting of $42.7 million in current assets and $23.3 million in current liabilities. Our net working capital as of March 31, 2019 was $14.0 million, consisting of $41.4 million in current assets and $27.3 in current liabilities. Our current Accounts receivable, net balance increased by $0.4 million from the fiscal 2019 year-end primarily due to higher sales to one national account customer and the timing of customer collections. Our Inventories, net decreased from the fiscal 2019 year-end by $1.2 million due primarily to the timing of project installations and anticipated fourth quarter sales. Our Accounts payable decreased $2.8 million due to the timing of purchases and payments during the quarter.  Our Accrued expenses decreased from our fiscal 2019 year-end by $1.2 million due primarily to a decrease in accrued project costs due to timing of project installation and invoice receipt, offset by higher accrued commissions, as a result of higher sales.

33

We generally attempt to maintain at least a three-month supply of on-hand inventory of purchased components and raw materials to meet anticipated demand, as well as to reduce our risk of unexpected raw material or component shortages or supply interruptions. Our Accounts receivable, Inventory and payables may increase to the extent our revenue and order levels increase.

Indebtedness

Revolving Credit Agreement

On October 26, 2018, we entered into a secured revolving Business Financing Agreement with Western Alliance Bank, as lender (the “Credit Agreement”). On June 3, 2019, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into an amendment (the “First Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which increased the maximum borrowing base credit available for certain of the customer receivables included in our borrowing base and provided for a borrowing base credit of up to $3.0 million based on inventory, in each case, subject to certain conditions. On August 2, 2019, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a second amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which established a rent reserve in an amount equal to three months’ rent payable at any leased location where we maintain inventory included in our borrowing base and provided for a reduction of the borrowing base credit that we may receive for inventory if we default under the lease for any such location.  As of the date of the Second Amendment, this rent reserve equaled $0.1 million. On November 21, 2019, we entered into a third amendment (the “Third Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which extended the maturity date from October 26, 2020 to October 26, 2021; increased the sublimit under the Credit Agreement for advances under business credit cards from $1.5 million to $3 million; created a new $2 million sublimit permitting entry into foreign currency forward contracts with the lender; expanded our ability to make capital expenditures and incur other debt from time to time; and permitted the lender to amend the financial covenant included in the Credit Agreement (which requires the maintenance of a certain amount of unrestricted cash on deposit with the lender at the end of each month) upon receipt of the our annual projections.

The Credit Agreement, as amended, provides for a revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) that matures on October 26, 2021. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are limited to $20.15 million subject to a borrowing base requirement based on eligible receivables and inventory. The Credit Agreement includes a $2.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit. As of December 31, 2019, our borrowing base was $14.7 million, and we had $0.8 million in borrowings outstanding which were included in non-current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2019, we had no outstanding letters of credit leaving total additional borrowing availability of $13.9 million.

The Credit Agreement is secured by a security interest in substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ personal property.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement generally bear interest at floating rates based upon the prime rate (but not less than 5.00% per year) plus an applicable margin determined by reference to our quick ratio (defined as the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash, unrestricted marketable securities and, with certain adjustments, receivables convertible into cash divided by the total current liabilities, including the obligations under the Credit Agreement). As of December 31, 2019, the applicable interest rate was 5.25%. Among other fees, we are required to pay an annual facility fee equal to 0.45% of the credit limit under the Credit Agreement due annually October 26.  

The Credit Agreement requires us to maintain nine months’ of “RML” as of the end of each month.  For purposes of the Credit Agreement, RML is defined as, as of the applicable determination date, unrestricted cash on deposit with the lender plus availability under the Credit Agreement divided by an amount equal to, for the applicable trailing three-month period, consolidated net profit before tax, plus depreciation expense, amortization expense and stock-based compensation, minus capital lease principal payments, tested as of the end of each month. As of December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with this RML requirement.

The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default and other covenants, including certain restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, consolidate or merge, enter into acquisitions, pay any dividend or distribution on our stock, redeem, retire or purchase shares of our stock, make investments or pledge or transfer assets. If an event of default under the Credit Agreement occurs and is continuing, then the lender may cease making advances under the Credit Agreement and declare any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if we become the subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement will automatically become immediately due and payable.

34

Capital Spending

Our capital expenditures are primarily for general corporate purposes for our corporate headquarters and technology center, production equipment and tooling and for information technology systems. Our capital expenditures totaled $0.6 million and $0.2 million for the nine-month periods ended December 31, 2019, and 2018, respectively. We plan to incur approximately $0.7 million in capital expenditures in fiscal 2020.  We expect to finance these capital expenditures primarily through our existing cash, equipment-secured loans and leases, to the extent needed, long-term debt financing, or by using our available capacity under our Credit Agreement.

Backlog

Backlog represents the amount of revenue that we expect to realize in the future as a result of firm, committed purchase orders. Backlog totaled $19.2 million and $10.8 million as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.  We generally expect our backlog to be recognized as revenue within one year.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation

Our results from operations have not been, and we do not expect them to be, materially affected by inflation.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect our reported assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and our related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We re-evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, collectability of receivables, stock-based compensation, warranty reserves and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.  A summary of our critical accounting policies is set forth in the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2019. For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, there were no material changes in our accounting policies.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a complete discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2 in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report.

35

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our exposure to market risk was discussed in the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” section contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2019. There have been no material changes to such exposures since March 31, 2019.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:

pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).  Based on that assessment, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019 are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Effective April 1, 2019, we adopted Topic 842, “Leasing” ("ASC 842"). Although the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial results, we have implemented changes to our controls related to leases. These changes include enhanced reviews to ensure completeness of the lease population, evaluation of lease classification, and additional ongoing monitoring activities. These enhanced controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance of the fair presentation of our financial statements and related disclosures.

There were no additional changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

36

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are subject to various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe the final resolution of any of such claims or legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on Orion’s future results of operations or financial condition.

See Note 14, "Commitments and Contingencies - Litigation", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks that could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the risks and uncertainties that we believe are most important for you to consider are discussed in Part I - Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, which we filed with the SEC on June 5, 2019 and in Part 1 - Item 2 under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this Form 10-Q.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None

37

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

(a) Exhibits

10.1	Amendment No. 3 to Business Financing Agreement dated as of November 21, 2019 among Orion Energy Systems, Inc., Western Alliance Bank, as lender, and the subsidiary borrowers party thereto. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on November 22, 2019 (File No. 001-33887)]
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Orion Energy Systems, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.+
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Orion Energy Systems, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.+
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Orion Energy Systems, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Orion Energy Systems, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document+
101.SCH	Taxonomy extension schema document+
101.CAL	Taxonomy extension calculation linkbase document+
101.DEF	Taxonomy extension definition linkbase document+
101.LAB	Taxonomy extension label linkbase document+
101.PRE	Taxonomy extension presentation linkbase document+

+ Filed herewith

38

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 6, 2020.

ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. Registrant
By	/s/ William T. Hull
	William T. Hull
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory)

39

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification

I, Michael W. Altschaefl, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Orion Energy Systems, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 6, 2020

/s/ Michael W. Altschaefl

Michael W. Altschaefl

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification

I, William T. Hull, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Orion Energy Systems, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 6, 2020

/s/ William T. Hull

William T. Hull

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of CEO Pursuant To

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

As Adopted Pursuant To

Section 906 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Orion Energy Systems, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael W. Altschaefl, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, based on my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	February 6, 2020
/s/ Michael W. Altschaefl
Michael W. Altschaefl
Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of CFO Pursuant To

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

As Adopted Pursuant To

Section 906 Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Orion Energy Systems, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, William T. Hull, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, based on my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	February 6, 2020
/s/ William T. Hull
William T. Hull
Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER (Narrative) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Minimum
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Limited warranty term	1 year
Maximum
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Limited warranty term	10 years

XML

LONG-TERM DEBT (Summary of Long-Term Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Long-term debt
Total long-term debt	$ 938	$ 9,379
Less current maturities	(56)	(96)
Long-term debt, less current maturities	882	9,283
Revolving credit facility
Long-term debt
Total long-term debt	829	9,202
Equipment debt obligations
Long-term debt
Total long-term debt	$ 109	$ 177

XML

INCOME TAXES

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

NOTE 13 — INCOME TAXES

Orion’s income tax provision was determined by applying an estimated annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known to book income (loss) before income tax, adjusting for discrete items. Orion’s actual effective tax rate is adjusted each interim period, as appropriate, for changes in facts and circumstances. For the three-month period ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, Orion recorded income tax expense of $39 thousand and $0, respectively, using this methodology. For the nine-month period ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, Orion recorded income tax expense of $66 thousand and $26 thousand, respectively, using this methodology.

As of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 Orion had a full valuation allowance recorded against its deferred tax assets. Orion considers future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. In the event that Orion determines that the deferred tax assets are able to be realized, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would increase income in the period such determination is made.   

Uncertain Tax Positions

As of December 31, 2019, Orion’s balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $0.1 million, all of which would reduce Orion’s effective tax rate if recognized.

Orion has classified the amounts recorded for uncertain tax benefits in the balance sheet as Other long-term liabilities to the extent that payment is not anticipated within one year. Orion recognizes penalties and interest related to uncertain tax liabilities in Income tax expense. Penalties and interest are included in the unrecognized tax benefits.

XML

INVENTORIES, NET

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

INVENTORIES, NET

NOTE 5 — INVENTORIES, NET

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Orion's Inventory balances were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Cost		Excess and Obsolescence Reserve			Net
As of December 31, 2019
Raw materials and components	$	8,570	$	(1,104	)	$	7,466
Work in process		765		(624	)		141
Finished goods		5,780		(1,152	)		4,628
Total	$	15,115	$	(2,880	)	$	12,235
As of March 31, 2019
Raw materials and components	$	9,161	$	(1,393	)	$	7,768
Work in process		1,010		(269	)		741
Finished goods		6,056		(1,162	)		4,894
Total	$	16,227	$	(2,824	)	$	13,403

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OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

NOTE 9 — OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, the components of, and changes in, the carrying amount of Other intangible assets, net, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019							March 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Patents	$	2,736	$	(1,657	)	$	1,079	$	2,667	$	(1,529	)	$	1,138
Licenses		58		(58	)		—		58		(58	)		—
Trade name and trademarks		1,008		—			1,008		1,007		—			1,007
Customer relationships		3,600		(3,529	)		71		3,600		(3,459	)		141
Developed technology		900		(801	)		99		900		(717	)		183
Total	$	8,302	$	(6,045	)	$	2,257	$	8,232	$	(5,763	)	$	2,469

Amortization expense on intangible assets was $0.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.   Amortization expense on intangible assets was $0.3 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining useful life of intangible assets was 4.6 years.

The estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2020, the next five fiscal years and beyond is shown below (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal 2020 (period remaining)	$	79
Fiscal 2021		293
Fiscal 2022		196
Fiscal 2023		104
Fiscal 2024		101
Fiscal 2025		92
Thereafter		384
Total	$	1,249

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STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation

The following amounts of stock-based compensation were recorded (dollars in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,				For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Cost of product revenue	$	1	$	1	$	2		$	3
Cost of service revenue		—		1		(1	)		2
General and administrative		172		185		482			592
Sales and marketing		1		13		1			41
Research and development		11		—		31			1
Total	$	185	$	200	$	515		$	639

Summary of Stock Options Activity

During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, Orion had the following activity related to its stock-based compensation:

	Restricted Shares			Stock Options
Awards outstanding at March 31, 2019		1,312,593			467,836
Awards granted		279,468			—
Awards vested or exercised		(669,238	)		(10,000	)
Awards forfeited		(17,150	)		(19,874	)
Awards outstanding at December 31, 2019		905,673			437,962
Per share price on grant date	$	3.02			—

Summary of Restricted Shares Granted

During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, Orion had the following activity related to its stock-based compensation:

	Restricted Shares			Stock Options
Awards outstanding at March 31, 2019		1,312,593			467,836
Awards granted		279,468			—
Awards vested or exercised		(669,238	)		(10,000	)
Awards forfeited		(17,150	)		(19,874	)
Awards outstanding at December 31, 2019		905,673			437,962
Per share price on grant date	$	3.02			—

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Accrued expenses and other included the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
Compensation and benefits	$	2,042	$	1,212
Sales tax		557		713
Accrued project costs		1,677		3,293
Legal and professional fees		47		356
Warranty		502		282
Sales returns reserve		145		141
Credits due to customers		929		987
Other accruals		342		426
Total	$	6,241	$	7,410

Changes in Warranty Accrual

Changes in Orion’s warranty accrual (both current and long-term) were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,						For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Beginning of period	$	803		$	721		$	657		$	673
Reclassification on adoption of ASC 606		—			—			—			73
Accruals		157			129			503			177
Warranty claims (net of vendor reimbursements)		(51	)		(67	)		(251	)		(140	)
End of period	$	909		$	783		$	909		$	783

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	30,000,000	30,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (USD per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	39,717,207	39,037,969
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	30,253,062	29,600,158
Treasury stock (in shares)	9,464,145	9,437,811

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SEGMENTS

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENTS

NOTE 17 — SEGMENTS

Orion has the following business segments: Orion Engineered Services Division ("OES"), Orion Distribution Services Division ("ODS"), and Orion U.S. Markets Division ("USM").  The accounting policies are the same for each business segment as they are on a consolidated basis.

Orion Engineered Systems Division

The OES segment develops and sells lighting products and provides construction and engineering services for Orion's commercial lighting and energy management systems. OES provides engineering, design, lighting products and in many cases turnkey solutions for large national accounts, governments, municipalities, schools and other customers.

Orion Distribution Services Division

The ODS segment focuses on selling lighting products through manufacturer representative agencies and a network of North American broadline electrical distributors and contractors.

Orion U.S. Markets Division

The USM segment sells commercial lighting systems and energy management systems to the wholesale contractor markets. USM customers include ESCOs and contractors.

Corporate and Other

Corporate and Other is comprised of operating expenses not directly allocated to Orion’s segments and adjustments to reconcile to consolidated results (dollars in thousands).

	Revenues				Operating Income (Loss)
	For the Three Months Ended December 31,				For the Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Segments:
Orion Engineered Systems	$	27,275	$	6,802	$	3,174		$	33
Orion Distribution Services		3,634		6,102		(206	)		(236	)
Orion U.S. Markets		3,340		3,387		578			569
Corporate and Other		—		—		(1,108	)		(953	)
	$	34,249	$	16,291	$	2,438		$	(587	)

	Revenues				Operating Income (Loss)
	For the Nine Months Ended December 31,				For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Segments:
Orion Engineered Systems	$	104,369	$	15,168	$	15,861		$	(1,944	)
Orion Distribution Services		11,191		20,202		(691	)		(1,082	)
Orion U.S. Markets		9,389		7,941		1,750			793
Corporate and Other		—		—		(3,445	)		(3,240	)
	$	124,949	$	43,311	$	13,475		$	(5,473	)

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Balances

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Orion's Accounts receivable and Allowance for doubtful accounts balances were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, gross	$	15,252		$	15,011
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(28	)		(207	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	15,224		$	14,804

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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Organization

Orion includes Orion Energy Systems, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation, and all consolidated subsidiaries. Orion designs, manufactures, markets and manages the installation of LED solid-state lighting systems to commercial and industrial businesses, and federal and local governments, predominantly in North America.

Orion’s corporate offices and leased primary manufacturing operations are located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin.  Orion leases office space in Jacksonville, Florida.

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LEASES (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($) ft²	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2014 ft²
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, option to terminate					The lease agreement provided the lessor the right to terminate the lease agreement at any time with twelve months’ notice to Orion. As a result, the agreement was classified as a short-term lease.
Lessee, operating lease, existence of option to terminate					true
Operating lease costs				$ 100	$ 400
Lessor, Operating Lease, Existence of Option to Extend [true false]					true
Manitowoc, WI
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Gross cash proceeds from sale leaseback agreement			$ 2,600
Area of leased property | ft²		196,000
Monthly rental payments		$ 38
Lease term					On March 22, 2018, both parties agreed to extend the lease until December 31, 2020 with no change in payment terms.
Jacksonville Florida
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Area of operating leased property | ft²						10,500
Termination of lease					Jun. 30, 2020
Subsequent Event | Manitowoc, WI
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
Lease term	On January 31, 2020, the existing lease was terminated and replaced with a new ten-year lease, with an option for Orion to terminate after six years.
Lease term of agreement	10 years
Lessee, sale leaseback, option to terminate, minimum period	6 years

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET (Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, gross	$ 15,252	$ 15,011
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(28)	(207)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 15,224	$ 14,804

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Schedule of ESPP Activity) (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (shares)	666	570	613	1,849
Closing Market Price	$ 3.35	$ 2.85	$ 2.97
Minimum
Closing Market Price				$ 2.85
Maximum
Closing Market Price				$ 3.35

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SEGMENTS (Reconciliation of Segment Operations) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Corporate and Other
Revenues	$ 34,249	$ 16,291	$ 124,949	$ 43,311
Operating Income (Loss)	2,438	(587)	13,475	(5,473)
Operating Segments | Orion Engineered Systems
Corporate and Other
Revenues	27,275	6,802	104,369	15,168
Operating Income (Loss)	3,174	33	15,861	(1,944)
Operating Segments | Orion Distribution Services
Corporate and Other
Revenues	3,634	6,102	11,191	20,202
Operating Income (Loss)	(206)	(236)	(691)	(1,082)
Operating Segments | Orion U.S. Markets
Corporate and Other
Revenues	3,340	3,387	9,389	7,941
Operating Income (Loss)	578	569	1,750	793
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Operating Income (Loss)	$ (1,108)	$ (953)	$ (3,445)	$ (3,240)

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 13,762	$ 8,729
Accounts receivable, net	15,224	14,804
Revenue earned but not billed	789	3,746
Inventories, net	12,235	13,403
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	714	695
Total current assets	42,724	41,377
Property and equipment, net	11,920	12,010
Other intangible assets, net	2,257	2,469
Other long-term assets	139	165
Total assets	57,040	56,021
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Accounts payable	16,950	19,706
Accrued expenses and other	6,241	7,410
Deferred revenue, current	85	123
Current maturities of long-term debt	56	96
Total current liabilities	23,332	27,335
Revolving credit facility	829	9,202
Long-term debt, less current maturities	53	81
Deferred revenue, long-term	734	791
Other long-term liabilities	671	642
Total liabilities	25,619	38,051
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: Shares authorized: 30,000,000 at December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019	0	0
Common stock, no par value: Shares authorized: 200,000,000 at December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019; shares issued: 39,717,207 at December 31, 2019 and 39,037,969 at March 31, 2019; shares outstanding: 30,253,062 at December 31, 2019 and 29,600,158 at March 31, 2019	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	156,359	155,828
Treasury stock, common shares: 9,464,145 at December 31, 2019 and 9,437,811 at March 31, 2019	(36,164)	(36,091)
Retained deficit	(88,774)	(101,767)
Total shareholders’ equity	31,421	17,970
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 57,040	$ 56,021

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STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES

NOTE 16 — STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES

At Orion’s 2019 annual meeting of shareholders held on August 7, 2019, Orion’s shareholders approved the Orion Energy Systems, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “Amended 2016 Plan”). Approval of the Amended 2016 Plan increased the number of shares of Orion’s common stock available for issuance under the Amended 2016 Plan from 1,750,000 shares to 3,500,000 shares (an increase of 1,750,000 shares); added a minimum vesting period for all awards granted under the Amended 2016 Plan (with limited exceptions); and added a specific prohibition on the payment of dividends and dividend equivalents on unvested awards.

The Amended 2016 Plan authorizes grants of equity-based and incentive cash awards to eligible participants designated by the Plan's administrator.  Awards under the Amended 2016 Plan may consist of stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units, common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units, incentive awards or dividend equivalent units.

Prior to the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, the Company maintained its 2004 Stock and Incentive Awards Plan, as amended, which authorized the grant of cash and equity awards to employees (the “2004 Plan”).  No new awards are being granted under the 2004 Plan; however, all awards granted under the 2004 Plan that are outstanding will continue to be governed by the 2004 Plan.  Forfeited awards originally issued under the 2004 Plan are canceled and are not available for subsequent issuance under the 2004 Plan or under the Amended 2016 Plan.  The Amended 2016 Plan and the 2004 Plan also permit accelerated vesting in the event of certain changes of control of Orion as well as under other special circumstances.

Certain non-employee directors have from time to time elected to receive stock awards in lieu of cash compensation pursuant to elections made under Orion’s non-employee director compensation program.

The following amounts of stock-based compensation were recorded (dollars in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,				For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Cost of product revenue	$	1	$	1	$	2		$	3
Cost of service revenue		—		1		(1	)		2
General and administrative		172		185		482			592
Sales and marketing		1		13		1			41
Research and development		11		—		31			1
Total	$	185	$	200	$	515		$	639

During the first nine months of fiscal 2020, Orion had the following activity related to its stock-based compensation:

	Restricted Shares			Stock Options
Awards outstanding at March 31, 2019		1,312,593			467,836
Awards granted		279,468			—
Awards vested or exercised		(669,238	)		(10,000	)
Awards forfeited		(17,150	)		(19,874	)
Awards outstanding at December 31, 2019		905,673			437,962
Per share price on grant date	$	3.02			—

As of December 31, 2019, the amount of deferred stock-based compensation expense to be recognized, over a remaining period of 1.6 years, was approximately $1.1 million.

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REVENUE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provides detail of Orion’s total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2019						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019
	Product		Services		Total		Product		Services		Total
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Lighting revenues, by end user
Federal government	$	78	$	68	$	146	$	902	$	366	$	1,268
Commercial and industrial		25,467		8,314		33,781		91,411		30,805		122,216
Total lighting		25,545		8,382		33,927		92,313		31,171		123,484
Solar energy related revenues		10		—		10		50		—		50
Total revenues from contracts with customers		25,555		8,382		33,937		92,363		31,171		123,534
Revenue accounted for under other guidance		312		—		312		1,415		—		1,415
Total revenue	$	25,867	$	8,382	$	34,249	$	93,778	$	31,171	$	124,949
	Three Months Ended December 31, 2018						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018
	Product		Services		Total		Product		Services		Total
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Lighting revenues, by end user
Federal government	$	894	$	396	$	1,290	$	1,009	$	396	$	1,405
Commercial and industrial		11,976		1,943		13,919		34,987		4,565		39,552
Total lighting		12,870		2,339		15,209		35,996		4,961		40,957
Solar energy related revenues		8		—		8		46		—		46
Total revenues from contracts with customers		12,878		2,339		15,217		36,042		4,961		41,003
Revenue accounted for under other guidance		1,074		—		1,074		2,308		—		2,308
Total revenue	$	13,952	$	2,339	$	16,291	$	38,350	$	4,961	$	43,311

Summary of Contract Assets and Liabilities

The following chart shows the balance of Orion’s receivables arising from contracts with customers, contract assets and contract liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, net	$	15,224	$	14,804
Contract assets	$	693	$	3,005
Contract liabilities	$	9	$	48

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ 12,993	$ (5,792)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation	910	1,006
Amortization of intangible assets	282	343
Stock-based compensation	515	639
Amortization of debt issue costs	182	31
Impairment of intangible assets	3	0
Provision for inventory reserves	192	(144)
Provision for bad debts		66
Other	28	8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, current and long-term	(420)	2,857
Revenue earned but not billed	2,957	(770)
Inventories	970	(367)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	44	123
Accounts payable	(2,990)	555
Accrued expenses and other	(1,296)	(136)
Deferred revenue, current and long-term	(95)	(29)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	14,275	(1,610)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(582)	(167)
Additions to patents and licenses	(73)	(29)
Net cash used in investing activities	(655)	(196)
Financing activities
Payment of long-term debt	(68)	(58)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	63,200	42,498
Payments of revolving credit facility	(71,572)	(43,078)
Payments to settle employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation	(76)	(10)
Debt issue costs	(91)	(377)
Net proceeds from employee equity exercises	20	3
Net cash used in financing activities	(8,587)	(1,022)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	5,033	(2,828)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	8,729	9,424
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 13,762	$ 6,596

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LEASES (Summary of Assets Leased from Third Parties) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease assets	$ 79
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
Operating lease liabilities current	$ 65
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent
Operating lease liabilities non-current	$ 4
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent
Total lease liabilities	$ 69

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INVENTORIES, NET (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Cost
Raw materials and components	$ 8,570	$ 9,161
Work in process	765	1,010
Finished goods	5,780	6,056
Total	15,115	16,227
Reserve
Raw materials and components	(1,104)	(1,393)
Work in process	(624)	(269)
Finished goods	(1,152)	(1,162)
Total	(2,880)	(2,824)
Net
Raw materials and components	7,466	7,768
Work in process	141	741
Finished goods	4,628	4,894
Total	$ 12,235	$ 13,403

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Narrative) (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Jan. 03, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]
Rights agreement extended term	3 years
Common stock purchased per right	1
Right issue share price	$ 7.00
Minimum subscription percentage					20.00%
Number of business days to trigger a distribution date					10 days
Share acquisition percentage					50.00%
Prior to a person becoming an acquiring person, the board of directors of the company's redemption rate	$ 0.001
Shares issued under ESPP plan		666	570	613	1,849
Closing market price		$ 3.35	$ 2.85	$ 2.97

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STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES (Restricted Shares and Stock Options) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 $ / shares shares
Stock Options
Non-vested, beginning balance (shares)	467,836
Awards granted (shares)	0
Awards vested or exercised (shares)	(10,000)
Awards forfeited (shares)	(19,874)
Non-vested, ending balance (shares)	437,962
Per share price on grant date (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 0
Restricted shares
Restricted Shares
Beginning balance (shares)	1,312,593
Awards granted (shares)	279,468
Awards vested or exercised (shares)	(669,238)
Awards forfeited (shares)	(17,150)
Ending balance (shares)	905,673
Restricted shares | Minimum
Restricted Shares
Per share price on grant date (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.02

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER (Accrued Expenses and Other) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Compensation and benefits	$ 2,042	$ 1,212
Sales tax	557	713
Accrued project costs	1,677	3,293
Legal and professional fees	47	356
Warranty	502	282
Sales returns reserve	145	141
Credits due to customers	929	987
Other accruals	342	426
Total	$ 6,241	$ 7,410

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE (Narrative) (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Anti-dilutive common shares excluded from the computation of diluted net income per common share	203,734	220,534

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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Receivables [Abstract]

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

NOTE 4 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Orion's Accounts receivable and Allowance for doubtful accounts balances were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, gross	$	15,252		$	15,011
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(28	)		(207	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	15,224		$	14,804

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LEASES

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

NOTE 8 — LEASES

From time to time, Orion leases assets from third parties.  Orion also leases certain assets to third parties.  Effective April 1, 2019, leases are accounted for, and reported upon, following the requirements of ASC 842, Leases.   Previously, leases were accounted for, and reported upon, following the requirements of ASC 840, Leases.    

For Orion, the most significant difference between ASC 840 and ASC 842 is the requirement that it recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet whenever it leases assets from a third party.  Previously, under ASC 840, only assets leased from third parties that meet certain requirements, referred to as finance leases, were recorded on Orion’s balance sheet.   Previously, the financial impact of all other leases, referred to as operating leases, was limited to Orion’s results of operations.

Whether it is the lessee or the lessor, Orion’s determination of whether a contract includes a lease, and assessing how the lease should be accounted for, is a matter of judgment based on whether the risks and rewards, as well as substantive control of the assets specified in the contract, have been transferred from the lessor to the lessee.  The judgement considers matters such as whether the assets are transferred from the lessor to the lessee at the end of the contract, the term of the agreement in relation to the asset’s remaining economic useful life, and whether the assets are of such a specialized nature that the lessor will not have an alternative use for such assets at the termination of the agreement.  Other matters requiring judgement are the lease term when the agreement includes renewal or termination options and the interest rate used when initially determining the ROU asset and lease liability.

ROU assets represent Orion’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Orion’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.   Under ASC 842, both finance and operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with initial terms in excess of 12 months are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.   When available, Orion uses the implicit interest rate in the lease when completing this calculation.   However, as most of Orion’s operating lease agreements generating ROU assets do not provide the implicit rate, Orion’s incremental borrowing rate under its line of credit, adjusted for differences in duration and the relative collateral value in relation to the payment obligation, at the commencement of the lease is generally used in this calculation.    The lease term includes options to extend or renew the agreement, or for early termination of the agreement, when it is reasonably certain that Orion will exercise such option.   ROU assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over the lease term.

Orion recognizes lease expense for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, referred to as short term leases, on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  

One of Orion’s frequent customers purchases products and installation services under agreements that provide for monthly payments, at a fixed monthly amount, of the contract price, plus interest, typically over a five-year period.   While Orion retains ownership of the light fixtures during the financing period, the transaction terms and the underlying economics associated with used lighting fixtures results in Orion essentially ceding ownership of the lighting fixtures to the customer after completion of the agreement.  The portions of the transaction associated with the sale of the light fixtures is accounted for as a sales-type lease.  The total transaction price in these contracts is allocated between the lease and non-lease components in the same manner as the total transaction price of other turnkey projects containing lighting fixtures and installation services.  

Orion leases portions of its corporate headquarters to third parties; all such agreements have been, and continue to be, classified as operating leases under the applicable authoritative accounting guidance.  The assets being leased continue to be included in Property and equipment, net.   Lease payments earned are recorded as a reduction in administrative expenses.

Assets Orion Leases from Other Parties

On March 31, 2016, Orion entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a third party to sell and leaseback Orion's primary manufacturing and distribution facility in Manitowoc, WI for gross cash proceeds of $2.6 million. The transaction closed on June 30, 2016.  Pursuant to the Lease Agreement, Orion is leasing approximately 196,000 square feet. Orion's monthly payment under this lease is approximately $38 thousand.  Orion is responsible for the costs of insurance and utilities for its portion of the facility.  These costs are considered variable lease costs in the quantitative disclosures below.  On March 22, 2018, both parties agreed to extend the lease until December 31, 2020 with no change in payment terms. The lease agreement provided the lessor the right to terminate the lease agreement at any time with twelve months’ notice to Orion.   As a result, the agreement was classified as a short-term lease.

On January 31, 2020, the existing lease was terminated and replaced with a new ten-year lease, with an option for Orion to terminate after six years. Orion is in the process of performing its assessment and analysis of the new lease agreement, and believes that the new lease will result in a material right-of-use-asset and lease liability.  

In February 2014, Orion entered into a multi-year lease agreement for use of approximately 10,500 square feet of office space in a multi-use office building in Jacksonville Florida.  The lease has since been extended and presently terminates on June 30, 2020.   The agreement was classified as an operating lease and represents the single largest operating asset established upon the adoption of ASC 842.

Orion has leased other assets from third parties, principally office and production equipment.  The terms of our other leases vary from contract to contract and expire at various dates through 2020.

A summary of Orion’s assets leased from third parties follows (dollars in thousands):

	Balance sheet classification	December 31, 2019
Assets
Operating lease assets	Other long-term assets	$	79
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	Accrued expenses and other		65
Non-current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	Other long-term liabilities		4
Total lease liabilities		$	69

Orion had operating lease costs of $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019.

Assets Orion Leases to Other Parties

Orion provides long-term financing to one customer who frequently engages Orion in large turnkey projects that span between three and nine months. The customer executes an agreement providing for monthly payments, at a fixed monthly amount, of the contract price, plus interest, over typically a five-year period. The total transaction price in these contracts is allocated between product and services in the same manner as all other turnkey projects.   The portion of the transaction associated with the installation is accounted for consistently with all other installation related performance obligations under ASC 606.  

While Orion retains ownership of the light fixtures during the financing period, the transaction terms and the underlying economics associated with used lighting fixtures results in Orion essentially ceding ownership of the lighting fixtures to the customer after completion of the agreement.  Therefore, the portions of the transaction associated with the sale of the multiple individual light fixtures is accounted for as a sales-type lease under ASC 842.  

Revenues, and production and acquisition costs, associated with sales-type leases are included in Product revenue and Costs of product revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. These amounts are recorded for each fixture separately based on the customer’s monthly acknowledgment that specified fixtures have been installed and are operating as specified.   The execution of the acknowledgement is considered the commencement date as defined in ASC 842.

The following chart shows the amount of revenue and cost of sales arising from sales-type leases during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2019
Product revenue	$	162,909	$	1,164,547
Cost of product revenue	$	142,452	$	1,043,874

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 includes an immaterial amount related to the net investment in sales-type leases. The Condensed Balance Sheet as of and March 31, 2019 does not include a net investment in sales-type leases as all amounts due from the customer associated with lighting fixtures that were acknowledged to be installed and working correctly prior to period end were transferred to the financing institution prior to the respective balance sheet dates.  

Other Agreements where Orion is the Lessor

Orion has leased unused portions of its corporate headquarters to third parties.  The length and payment terms of the leases vary from contract to contract and, in some cases, include options for the tenants to extend the lease terms.   Annual lease payments are recorded as a reduction in administrative operating expenses and not material in the nine months ended December 31, 2019.   Orion accounts for these transactions as operating leases.

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LONG-TERM DEBT

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

LONG-TERM DEBT

NOTE 12 — LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Revolving credit facility	$	829		$	9,202
Equipment debt obligations		109			177
Total long-term debt		938			9,379
Less current maturities		(56	)		(96	)
Long-term debt, less current maturities	$	882		$	9,283

Revolving Credit Agreement

On October 26, 2018, Orion and its subsidiaries entered into a new secured revolving Business Financing Agreement with Western Alliance Bank, as lender (the “Credit Agreement”). On June 3, 2019, Orion and certain of its subsidiaries entered into an amendment (the “First Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which increased the maximum borrowing base credit available for certain of the customer receivables included in Orion’s borrowing base and provided for a borrowing base credit of up to $3.0 million based on inventory, in each case, subject to certain conditions. On August 2, 2019, Orion and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a second amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which established a rent reserve in an amount equal to three months’ rent payable at any leased location where Orion maintains inventory included in its borrowing base and provided for a reduction of the borrowing base credit that Orion may receive for inventory if Orion defaults under the lease for any such location. As of December 31, 2019, this rent reserve equaled $0.1 million. On November 21, 2019, Orion and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a third amendment (the “Third Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement, which extended the maturity date from October 26, 2020 to October 26, 2021; increased the sublimit under the Credit Agreement for advances under business credit cards from $1.5 million to $3 million; created a new $2 million sublimit permitting entry into foreign currency forward contracts with the lender; expanded the Company’s ability to make capital expenditures and incur other debt from time to time; and permitted the lender to amend the financial covenant included in the Credit Agreement (which requires the maintenance of a certain amount of unrestricted cash on deposit with the lender at the end of each month) upon receipt of the Company’s annual projections.

The Credit Agreement, as amended provides for a revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) that matures on October 26, 2021. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are currently limited to $20.15 million, subject to a borrowing base requirement based on eligible receivables and inventory.  The Credit Agreement includes a $2.0 million sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit. As of December 31, 2019, Orion’s borrowing base was $14.7 million, and Orion had $0.8 million in borrowings outstanding which were included in non-current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Orion had no outstanding letters of credit leaving total borrowing availability of $13.9 million.

The Credit Agreement is secured by a security interest in substantially all of Orion's and its subsidiaries’ personal property.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement generally bear interest at floating rates based upon the prime rate (but not less than 5.00% per year) plus an applicable margin determined by reference to Orion’s quick ratio (defined as the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash, unrestricted marketable securities and, with certain adjustments, receivables convertible into cash divided by total current liabilities, including the obligations under the Credit Agreement). As of December 31, 2019, the applicable interest rate was 5.25%. Among other fees, Orion is required to pay an annual facility fee equal to 0.45% of the credit limit under the Credit Agreement, which was paid at commencement (October 26, 2018) and is due on each anniversary thereof.  

The Credit Agreement requires Orion to maintain nine months’ of “RML” as of the end of each month.  For purposes of the Credit Agreement, RML is defined as, as of the applicable determination date, unrestricted cash on deposit with the lender plus availability under the Credit Agreement divided by an amount equal to, for the applicable trailing three-month period, consolidated net profit before tax, plus depreciation expense, amortization expense and stock-based compensation, minus capital lease principal payments, tested as of the end of each month. As of December 31, 2019, Orion was in compliance with this RML requirement.

The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default and other covenants, including certain restrictions on Orion’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, consolidate or merge, enter into acquisitions, pay any dividend or distribution on Orion’s stock, redeem, retire or purchase shares of Orion’s stock, make investments or pledge or transfer assets. If an event of default under the Credit Agreement occurs and is continuing, then the lender may cease making advances under the Credit Agreement and declare any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if Orion becomes the subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement will automatically become immediately due and payable.

Equipment Debt Obligations

In June 2015, Orion entered into an agreement with a financing company in the principal amount of $0.4 million to fund the purchase of certain equipment. The debt is secured by the related equipment. The debt bears interest at a rate of 5.94% and matures in June 2020.

In February 2019, Orion entered into additional debt agreements with a financing company in the principal amount of $44 thousand and $30 thousand to fund the purchase of certain equipment. The debts are secured by the related equipment. The debts bear interest at a rate of 6.43% and 8.77%, respectively, and both debts mature in January 2024.

Customer Equipment Finance Notes Payable

In December 2014, Orion entered into a secured borrowing agreement with a financing company in the principal amount of $0.4 million to fund completed customer contracts under its Orion Throughput Agreement (“OTA”) finance program that were previously funded under a different OTA credit agreement.  The loan amount was secured by the OTA-related equipment and the expected future monthly payments under the supporting 25 individual OTA customer contracts. The borrowing agreement bore an interest rate of 8.36% and matured in April 2018.

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SEGMENTS (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Information

Corporate and Other is comprised of operating expenses not directly allocated to Orion’s segments and adjustments to reconcile to consolidated results (dollars in thousands).

	Revenues				Operating Income (Loss)
	For the Three Months Ended December 31,				For the Three Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Segments:
Orion Engineered Systems	$	27,275	$	6,802	$	3,174		$	33
Orion Distribution Services		3,634		6,102		(206	)		(236	)
Orion U.S. Markets		3,340		3,387		578			569
Corporate and Other		—		—		(1,108	)		(953	)
	$	34,249	$	16,291	$	2,438		$	(587	)

	Revenues				Operating Income (Loss)
	For the Nine Months Ended December 31,				For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2019			2018
Segments:
Orion Engineered Systems	$	104,369	$	15,168	$	15,861		$	(1,944	)
Orion Distribution Services		11,191		20,202		(691	)		(1,082	)
Orion U.S. Markets		9,389		7,941		1,750			793
Corporate and Other		—		—		(3,445	)		(3,240	)
	$	124,949	$	43,311	$	13,475		$	(5,473	)

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of the Effect of Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, Orion was in a net loss position; therefore, the Basic and Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are equal because any increase to the basic shares would be anti-dilutive. Basic and Diluted net income (loss) per common share was calculated based upon the following:

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,					For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2019		2018
Numerator:
Net income (loss) (in thousands)	$	2,304	$	(662	)	$	12,993	$	(5,792	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		30,243,865		29,568,986			30,053,330		29,376,959
Weighted-average common shares and common share    equivalents outstanding		30,824,078		29,568,986			30,862,088		29,376,959
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.08	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	(0.20	)
Diluted	$	0.07	$	(0.02	)	$	0.42	$	(0.20	)

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Orion Energy Systems, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Orion have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 or other interim periods.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Orion’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on June 5, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during that reporting period. Areas that require the use of significant management estimates include revenue recognition, inventory obsolescence, allowance for doubtful accounts, accruals for warranty, income taxes, impairment analyses, and certain equity transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Orion's cash is deposited with two financial institutions. At times, deposits in these institutions exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits.  Orion has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes that it is not exposed to any significant financial institution viability risk on these balances.

Orion purchases components necessary for its lighting products, including drivers, chips, ballasts, lamps and other LED components, from multiple suppliers.  For the three months ended December 31, 2019, one supplier accounted for 24.0% of total cost of revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, one supplier accounted for 12.5% of total cost of revenue. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, one supplier accounted for 11.7% of total cost of revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, no supplier accounted for more than 10.0% of total cost of revenue.

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 72.3% of total revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 77.3% of total revenue. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, one customer accounted for 11.6% of total revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, no customer accounted for more than 10.0% of total revenue.

As of December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 63.5% of Accounts receivable. As of March 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 56.2% of Accounts receivable.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Standards

On April 1, 2019, Orion adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, and subsequent amendments, which is included in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) as Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), retrospectively through a cumulative-effect adjustment.  Orion elected the package of practical expedients provided for in ASU 842, which among other things, allows companies to carry forward their historical lease classification.  Previously, Orion followed the guidance set forth in ASC 840, Leases.  

For Orion, the most significant difference between ASC 840 and ASC 842 is the requirement that lessees recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by long-term operating leases.  Previously, the financial impact associated with operating leases was recorded only in Orion’s statement of operations.   Determining whether a contract includes a lease, and assessing whether the lease should be accounted for as a finance lease or an operating lease, is a matter of judgment based on whether the risks and rewards, as well as substantive control of the associated assets specified in the contract, have been transferred from the lessor to the lessee.  

Adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recording of additional lease assets and lease liabilities of approximately $0.2 million as of April 1, 2019.    There was no impact to retained earnings.   The adoption of ASC 842 did not materially impact Orion’s consolidated results of operations and had no impact on Orion’s cash flows.  Orion has updated its processes and controls necessary for implementing ASC 842, including the increased footnote disclosure requirements.

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INVENTORIES, NET (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Orion's Inventory balances were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Cost		Excess and Obsolescence Reserve			Net
As of December 31, 2019
Raw materials and components	$	8,570	$	(1,104	)	$	7,466
Work in process		765		(624	)		141
Finished goods		5,780		(1,152	)		4,628
Total	$	15,115	$	(2,880	)	$	12,235
As of March 31, 2019
Raw materials and components	$	9,161	$	(1,393	)	$	7,768
Work in process		1,010		(269	)		741
Finished goods		6,056		(1,162	)		4,894
Total	$	16,227	$	(2,824	)	$	13,403

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

NOTE 14 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

Orion is subject to various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Orion does not believe the final resolution of any of such claims or legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on Orion’s future results of operations or financial condition.  

State Tax Assessment

During fiscal 2018, Orion was notified of a pending sales and use tax audit by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue for the period covering April 1, 2013 through March 31, 2017.   Although the final resolution of Orion's sales and use tax audit is uncertain, the ultimate disposition of this matter is not expected to have a material adverse effect on Orion's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, statements of operations, or liquidity.

During fiscal 2019, Orion was notified of a pending sales and use tax audit by the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration for the period covering April 1, 2015 through March 31, 2018. During the previous quarter, the sales and use tax audit was finalized. The ultimate disposition of this matter did not have a material adverse effect on the Orion's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, statements of operations, or liquidity.

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 18 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Non-recognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date.   

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenues	$ 34,249	$ 16,291	$ 124,949	$ 43,311
Cost of revenue	25,975	12,121	93,601	33,143
Gross profit	8,274	4,170	31,348	10,168
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	2,662	2,269	8,274	7,681
Sales and marketing	2,735	2,190	8,359	6,903
Research and development	439	298	1,240	1,057
Total operating expenses	5,836	4,757	17,873	15,641
Income (loss) from operations	2,438	(587)	13,475	(5,473)
Other income (expense):
Other income	2	31	22	65
Interest expense	(38)	(77)	(261)	(335)
Amortization of debt issue costs	(61)	(31)	(182)	(31)
Interest income	2	2	5	8
Total other expense	(95)	(75)	(416)	(293)
Income (loss) before income tax	2,343	(662)	13,059	(5,766)
Income tax expense	39	0	66	26
Net income (loss)	$ 2,304	$ (662)	$ 12,993	$ (5,792)
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders	$ 0.08	$ (0.02)	$ 0.43	$ (0.20)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	30,243,865	29,568,986	30,053,330	29,376,959
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$ 0.07	$ (0.02)	$ 0.42	$ (0.20)
Weighted-average common shares and share equivalents outstanding	30,824,078	29,568,986	30,862,088	29,376,959
Product revenue
Revenues	$ 25,867	$ 13,952	$ 93,778	$ 38,350
Cost of revenue	19,075	10,508	68,778	29,599
Service revenue
Revenues	8,382	2,339	31,171	4,961
Cost of revenue	$ 6,900	$ 1,613	$ 24,823	$ 3,544

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STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Aug. 07, 2019	Aug. 03, 2016
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Deferred stock-based compensation related to grants of restricted shares, period of recognition	1 year 7 months 6 days
Deferred stock-based compensation related to grants of restricted shares	$ 1.1
2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Reserved shares for issuance to eligible participants (in shares)		3,500,000	1,750,000
Increase in number of common stock shares available for issuance		1,750,000

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation	$ 300	$ 300	$ 910	$ 1,006

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REVENUE (Summary of Contract Assets and Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, net	$ 15,224	$ 14,804
Contract assets	693	3,005
Contract liabilities	$ 9	$ 48

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OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Summary of Components and Changes in Other Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 8,302	$ 8,232
Accumulated Amortization	(6,045)	(5,763)
Intangible Assets, Net	2,257	2,469
Patents
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	2,736	2,667
Accumulated Amortization	(1,657)	(1,529)
Intangible Assets, Net	1,079	1,138
Licenses
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	58	58
Accumulated Amortization	(58)	(58)
Intangible Assets, Net	0	0
Trade name and trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	1,008	1,007
Accumulated Amortization	0	0
Intangible Assets, Net	1,008	1,007
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	3,600	3,600
Accumulated Amortization	(3,529)	(3,459)
Intangible Assets, Net	71	141
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	900	900
Accumulated Amortization	(801)	(717)
Intangible Assets, Net	$ 99	$ 183

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LONG-TERM DEBT (Narrative) (Details)				1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Nov. 21, 2019 USD ($)	Nov. 20, 2019	Oct. 26, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($) contract	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 03, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015 USD ($)
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility					$ 829,000		$ 9,202,000
Outstanding letters of credit					$ 0
Equipment debt obligations
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt									$ 400,000
Stated interest rate, percentage									5.94%
Debt maturity month and year					2020-06
First Amendment
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum limit			$ 1,500,000			$ 3,000,000
Second Amendment
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Rent reserve					$ 100,000
Third Amendment
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility, maximum limit	$ 3,000,000
Credit facility maturity date	Oct. 26, 2021	Oct. 26, 2020
Third Amendment | Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility, sublimit	$ 2,000,000
Credit Agreement | Western Alliance Bank | Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility maturity date					Oct. 26, 2021
Credit facility, current limit			$ 20,150,000
Borrowing base					$ 14,700,000
Revolving credit facility					800,000
Credit facility,total borrowing capacity					$ 13,900,000
Annual facility fee (as a percentage)			0.45%
Applicable interest rate					5.25%
Credit Agreement | Western Alliance Bank | Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility | Minimum | Prime rate
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			5.00%
Credit Agreement | Western Alliance Bank | Line of Credit | Letter of credit
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility, sublimit			$ 2,000,000
Debt Instrument 1 | Equipment debt obligations
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt								$ 44,000
Stated interest rate, percentage								6.43%
Debt maturity month and year					2024-01
Debt Instrument 2 | Equipment debt obligations
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt								$ 30,000
Stated interest rate, percentage								8.77%
Debt maturity month and year					2024-01
December 2014 OTA Finance Program | De Lage Landen Financial Services, Inc. | Secured Debt
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Stated interest rate, percentage				8.36%
Debt maturity month and year				2018-04
Principal amount of secured debt				$ 400,000
"Number of individual OTA customer contracts (contract) | contract				25

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OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization expense	$ 100	$ 100	$ 282	$ 343
Weighted average
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, useful life			4 years 7 months 6 days

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER (Warranty Accrual) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual
Beginning of period	$ 803	$ 721	$ 657	$ 673
Reclassification on adoption of ASC 606				73
Accruals	157	129	503	177
Warranty claims (net of vendor reimbursements)	(51)	(67)	(251)	(140)
End of period	$ 909	$ 783	$ 909	$ 783

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of ESPP Activity

	Shares Issued Under ESPP Plan		Closing Market Price
Quarter Ended June 30, 2019		613	2.97
Quarter Ended September 30, 2019		570	2.85
Quarter Ended December 31, 2019		666	3.35
Total issued in fiscal 2020		1,849	$ 2.85 - 3.35

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OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Components and Changes in Other Intangible Assets

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, the components of, and changes in, the carrying amount of Other intangible assets, net, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019							March 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Patents	$	2,736	$	(1,657	)	$	1,079	$	2,667	$	(1,529	)	$	1,138
Licenses		58		(58	)		—		58		(58	)		—
Trade name and trademarks		1,008		—			1,008		1,007		—			1,007
Customer relationships		3,600		(3,529	)		71		3,600		(3,459	)		141
Developed technology		900		(801	)		99		900		(717	)		183
Total	$	8,302	$	(6,045	)	$	2,257	$	8,232	$	(5,763	)	$	2,469

Summary of Estimated Amortization Expense

The estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2020, the next five fiscal years and beyond is shown below (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal 2020 (period remaining)	$	79
Fiscal 2021		293
Fiscal 2022		196
Fiscal 2023		104
Fiscal 2024		101
Fiscal 2025		92
Thereafter		384
Total	$	1,249

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REVENUE (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 33,937,000	$ 15,217,000	$ 123,534,000	$ 41,003,000
Total revenue	34,249,000	16,291,000	$ 124,949,000	43,311,000
Percentage of contract for sale equal monthly progress payments			90.00%
Proceeds from sale of revenue earned but not billed	700,000	1,500,000	$ 4,400,000	4,400,000
Gain (loss) on sale of revenue earned but not billed	(39,000)	(29,000)	$ (100,000)	(200,000)
Revenue, Practical Expedient, Initial Application and Transition, Nondisclosure of Transaction Price Allocation to Remaining Performance Obligation [true false]			true
Revenue, Practical Expedient, Financing Component [true false]			true
Unbilled accounts receivable	100,000		$ 100,000		$ 700,000
Contract liabilities			9,000		$ 48,000
Change in contract asset reclassified to accounts receivable			0
Change in contract liability			0
Light fixture sales-type lease
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	200,000	1,000,000	1,200,000	2,100,000
Sale of tax credits
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	100,000	26,000	200,000	200,000
Legacy solar facilities
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	19,000	19,000	100,000	100,000
Transferred over time
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Deferred Costs Capitalized Prepaid And Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

NOTE 6 — PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist primarily of debt issue costs, prepaid subscription fees, prepaid insurance premiums, and sales tax receivable.

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER

NOTE 10 — ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Accrued expenses and other included the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
Compensation and benefits	$	2,042	$	1,212
Sales tax		557		713
Accrued project costs		1,677		3,293
Legal and professional fees		47		356
Warranty		502		282
Sales returns reserve		145		141
Credits due to customers		929		987
Other accruals		342		426
Total	$	6,241	$	7,410

Orion generally offers a limited warranty of one to ten years on its lighting products, including the pass through of standard warranties offered by major original equipment component manufacturers. The manufacturers’ warranties cover lamps, ballasts, LED modules, chips and drivers, control devices, and other fixture related items, which are significant components in Orion's lighting products.

Changes in Orion’s warranty accrual (both current and long-term) were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,						For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Beginning of period	$	803		$	721		$	657		$	673
Reclassification on adoption of ASC 606		—			—			—			73
Accruals		157			129			503			177
Warranty claims (net of vendor reimbursements)		(51	)		(67	)		(251	)		(140	)
End of period	$	909		$	783		$	909		$	783

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OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Summary of Estimated Amortization Expense) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Estimated Amortization Expense
Fiscal 2020 (period remaining)	$ 79
Fiscal 2021	293
Fiscal 2022	196
Fiscal 2023	104
Fiscal 2024	101
Fiscal 2025	92
Thereafter	384
Total	$ 1,249

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE (Earnings per Share) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$ 2,304	$ 6,721	$ 3,968	$ (662)	$ (2,438)	$ (2,692)	$ 12,993	$ (5,792)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	30,243,865			29,568,986			30,053,330	29,376,959
Weighted-average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding	30,824,078			29,568,986			30,862,088	29,376,959
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$ 0.08			$ (0.02)			$ 0.43	$ (0.20)
Diluted	$ 0.07			$ (0.02)			$ 0.42	$ (0.20)

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INCOME TAXES (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense/(benefit)	$ 39	$ 0	$ 66	$ 26
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 100		$ 100

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Narrative) (Details)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 02, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Customer Supplier	Dec. 31, 2018 Supplier Customer	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) Customer financial_instituion Supplier	Dec. 31, 2018 Supplier Customer	Mar. 31, 2019 financial_instituion	Apr. 01, 2019 USD ($)
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Number of financial institutions | financial_instituion				2
Number of supplier more than ten percent of cost of revenue | Supplier		1	1	1	0
Number of customer more than ten percent of revenue | Customer		1	1	1	0
Number of customer more than ten percent of accounts receivable		1		1		1
Operating lease assets		$ 79,000		$ 79,000
Operating lease liability		$ 69,000		$ 69,000
ASC 842
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Operating lease assets							$ 200,000
Operating lease liability							$ 200,000
Retained earnings	$ 0
Cost of revenue | Customer Concentration Risk | Customer One
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Concentration risk, percentage		24.00%	11.70%	12.50%
Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk | Customer One
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Concentration risk, percentage		72.30%	11.60%	77.30%
Accounts Receivable | Credit Concentration Risk | Customer One
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Concentration risk, percentage				63.50%		56.20%

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LONG-TERM DEBT (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Revolving credit facility	$	829		$	9,202
Equipment debt obligations		109			177
Total long-term debt		938			9,379
Less current maturities		(56	)		(96	)
Long-term debt, less current maturities	$	882		$	9,283

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LEASES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Assets Leased from Third Parties

A summary of Orion’s assets leased from third parties follows (dollars in thousands):

	Balance sheet classification	December 31, 2019
Assets
Operating lease assets	Other long-term assets	$	79
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	Accrued expenses and other		65
Non-current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities	Other long-term liabilities		4
Total lease liabilities		$	69

Schedule of Revenue and Cost of Sales Arising from Sales-Type Leases

The following chart shows the amount of revenue and cost of sales arising from sales-type leases during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2019
Product revenue	$	162,909	$	1,164,547
Cost of product revenue	$	142,452	$	1,043,874

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

NOTE 7 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Property and equipment, net, included the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Land and land improvements	$	433		$	433
Buildings and building improvements		9,467			9,245
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment		7,297			7,238
Leasehold improvements		324			324
Equipment leased to customers		4,997			4,997
Plant equipment		12,757			12,211
Construction in Progress		29			43
Gross property and equipment		35,304			34,491
Less: accumulated depreciation		(23,384	)		(22,481	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	11,920		$	12,010

Orion recorded depreciation expense of $0.3 and $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and $0.3 and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively.

Orion evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets recognized in its financial statements may not be recoverable.  Orion has long-lived assets associated with its legacy solar business and recognizes revenue from the sale to third parties of tax credits received from operating these solar assets. There is currently legislation pending which may decrease the future cash flows associated with the sale of these tax credits.  Depending on the result of this pending legislation change, Orion may record a non-cash impairment charge in a future period.

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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE

NOTE 11 — NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, Orion was in a net loss position; therefore, the Basic and Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are equal because any increase to the basic shares would be anti-dilutive. Basic and Diluted net income (loss) per common share was calculated based upon the following:

	For the Three Months Ended December 31,					For the Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2019		2018			2019		2018
Numerator:
Net income (loss) (in thousands)	$	2,304	$	(662	)	$	12,993	$	(5,792	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		30,243,865		29,568,986			30,053,330		29,376,959
Weighted-average common shares and common share    equivalents outstanding		30,824,078		29,568,986			30,862,088		29,376,959
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.08	$	(0.02	)	$	0.43	$	(0.20	)
Diluted	$	0.07	$	(0.02	)	$	0.42	$	(0.20	)

Orion uses the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding dilutive equity incentive instruments, which requires Orion to compute total proceeds as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise of the award and the amount of unearned stock-based compensation costs attributable to future services. Equity incentive instruments for which the total employee proceeds from exercise exceed the average fair value of the same equity incentive instrument over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on net income per common share during periods with net income, and accordingly, Orion excludes them from the calculation. Anti-dilutive equity instruments of approximately 203,734 and 220,534 common shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per common share for the three months and nine months ended December 31, 2019 respectively. Due to the net loss incurred during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, the assumed exercise of all equity incentive instruments was anti-dilutive and, therefore, was not included in the diluted loss per common share calculation for those periods.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 31, 2020
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001409375
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--03-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		30,255,062
Entity File Number	001-33887
Entity Tax Identification Number	39-1847269
Entity Address, Address Line One	2210 Woodland Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Manitowoc
Entity Address, State or Province	WI
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	54220
City Area Code	920
Local Phone Number	892-9340
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	WI
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Common stock, no par value
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, no par value
Trading Symbol	OESX
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Common stock purchase rights
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock purchase rights
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
No Trading Symbol Flag	true

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract]

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

NOTE 15 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Shareholder Rights Plan

On January 3, 2019, Orion entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Rights Agreement, which amended the Rights Agreement dated as of January 7, 2009 and extended its terms by three years to January 7, 2022.  Under the amendment, each common share purchase right (a “Right”), if exercisable, will initially represent the right to purchase from Orion, one share of Orion’s common stock, no par value per share, for a purchase price of $7.00 per share.

The Rights will not be exercisable (and will be transferable only with Orion’s common stock) until a “Distribution Date” occurs (or the Rights are earlier redeemed or expire). A Distribution Date generally will occur on the earlier of a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (“Acquiring Person”) has acquired beneficial ownership of 20% or more of Orion’s outstanding common stock (“Shares Acquisition Date”) or 10 business days after the commencement of, or the announcement of an intention to make, a tender offer or exchange offer that would result in any such person or group of persons acquiring such beneficial ownership.

If a person becomes an Acquiring Person, holders of Rights (except as otherwise provided in the Rights Agreement) will have the right to receive upon exercise that number of shares of Orion’s common stock having a market value of two times the then-current purchase price, and all Rights beneficially owned by an Acquiring Person, or by certain related parties or transferees, will be null and void. If, after a Shares Acquisition Date, Orion is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction or 50% or more of its consolidated assets or earning power are sold, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Right (except as otherwise provided in the Rights Agreement) will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise that number of shares of the acquiring company’s common stock which at the time of such transaction will have a market value of two times the then-current purchase price.

Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will have no rights as a shareholder of Orion. At any time prior to a person becoming an Acquiring Person, the Board of Directors of Orion may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per Right. Unless they are extended or earlier redeemed or exchanged, the Rights will expire on January 7, 2022.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2010, Orion’s Board of Directors approved a non-compensatory employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP.  In the three months ended December 31, 2019, Orion issued 666 shares under the ESPP plan at a closing market price of $3.35.

	Shares Issued Under ESPP Plan		Closing Market Price
Quarter Ended June 30, 2019		613	2.97
Quarter Ended September 30, 2019		570	2.85
Quarter Ended December 31, 2019		666	3.35
Total issued in fiscal 2020		1,849	$ 2.85 - 3.35

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Orion Energy Systems, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Orion have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 or other interim periods.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Orion’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on June 5, 2019.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during that reporting period. Areas that require the use of significant management estimates include revenue recognition, inventory obsolescence, allowance for doubtful accounts, accruals for warranty, income taxes, impairment analyses, and certain equity transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Orion's cash is deposited with two financial institutions. At times, deposits in these institutions exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits.  Orion has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes that it is not exposed to any significant financial institution viability risk on these balances.

Orion purchases components necessary for its lighting products, including drivers, chips, ballasts, lamps and other LED components, from multiple suppliers.  For the three months ended December 31, 2019, one supplier accounted for 24.0% of total cost of revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, one supplier accounted for 12.5% of total cost of revenue. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, one supplier accounted for 11.7% of total cost of revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, no supplier accounted for more than 10.0% of total cost of revenue.

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 72.3% of total revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 77.3% of total revenue. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, one customer accounted for 11.6% of total revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, no customer accounted for more than 10.0% of total revenue.

As of December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 63.5% of Accounts receivable. As of March 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 56.2% of Accounts receivable.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Standards

On April 1, 2019, Orion adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, and subsequent amendments, which is included in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) as Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), retrospectively through a cumulative-effect adjustment.  Orion elected the package of practical expedients provided for in ASU 842, which among other things, allows companies to carry forward their historical lease classification.  Previously, Orion followed the guidance set forth in ASC 840, Leases.  

For Orion, the most significant difference between ASC 840 and ASC 842 is the requirement that lessees recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by long-term operating leases.  Previously, the financial impact associated with operating leases was recorded only in Orion’s statement of operations.   Determining whether a contract includes a lease, and assessing whether the lease should be accounted for as a finance lease or an operating lease, is a matter of judgment based on whether the risks and rewards, as well as substantive control of the associated assets specified in the contract, have been transferred from the lessor to the lessee.  

Adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recording of additional lease assets and lease liabilities of approximately $0.2 million as of April 1, 2019.    There was no impact to retained earnings.   The adoption of ASC 842 did not materially impact Orion’s consolidated results of operations and had no impact on Orion’s cash flows.  Orion has updated its processes and controls necessary for implementing ASC 842, including the increased footnote disclosure requirements.

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock, Shares	Common Stock, Additional Paid-in Capital	Treasury Stock	Retained Earnings (Deficit)
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2018	$ 23,424		$ 155,003	$ (36,085)	$ (95,494)
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period (Shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		28,953,183
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	1			1
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (shares)		415
Stock-based compensation	228		228
Stock-based compensation (shares)		453,754
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation	(3)			(3)
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation (shares)		(3,867)
Cumulative effect of accounting change | ASC 606	401				401
Net income (loss)	(2,692)				(2,692)
Shareholders' equity, end of period at Jun. 30, 2018	21,359		155,231	(36,087)	(97,785)
Shareholders' equity, at end of period (shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		29,403,485
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2018	23,424		155,003	(36,085)	(95,494)
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period (Shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		28,953,183
Net income (loss)	(5,792)
Shareholders' equity, end of period at Dec. 31, 2018	18,665		155,642	(36,092)	(100,885)
Shareholders' equity, at end of period (shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		29,571,944
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period at Jun. 30, 2018	21,359		155,231	(36,087)	(97,785)
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period (Shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		29,403,485
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	1			1
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (shares)		938
Stock-based compensation	211		211
Stock-based compensation (shares)		137,905
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation	(4)			(4)
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation (shares)		(4,854)
Net income (loss)	(2,438)				(2,438)
Shareholders' equity, end of period at Sep. 30, 2018	19,129		155,442	(36,090)	(100,223)
Shareholders' equity, at end of period (shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		29,537,474
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	1			1
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (shares)		1,708
Stock-based compensation	200		200
Stock-based compensation (shares)		34,785
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation	(3)			(3)
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation (shares)		(2,023)
Net income (loss)	(662)				(662)
Shareholders' equity, end of period at Dec. 31, 2018	18,665		155,642	(36,092)	(100,885)
Shareholders' equity, at end of period (shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		29,571,944
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2019	17,970		155,828	(36,091)	(101,767)
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period (Shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		29,600,158
Exercise of stock options for cash	16		16
Exercise of stock options for cash (shares)		10,000
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	$ 2			2
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (shares)	613	613
Stock-based compensation	$ 171		171
Stock-based compensation (shares)		535,344
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation	(64)			(64)
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation (shares)		(24,628)
Net income (loss)	3,968				3,968
Shareholders' equity, end of period at Jun. 30, 2019	22,063		156,015	(36,153)	(97,799)
Shareholders' equity, at end of period (shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		30,121,487
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 17,970		155,828	(36,091)	(101,767)
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period (Shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		29,600,158
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (shares)	1,849
Net income (loss)	$ 12,993
Shareholders' equity, end of period at Dec. 31, 2019	31,421		156,359	(36,164)	(88,774)
Shareholders' equity, at end of period (shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		30,253,062
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period at Jun. 30, 2019	22,063		156,015	(36,153)	(97,799)
Shareholders' equity, beginning of period (Shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		30,121,487
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	$ 2			2
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (shares)	570	570
Stock-based compensation	$ 159		159
Stock-based compensation (shares)		111,848
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation	(13)			(13)
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation (shares)		(2,828)
Net income (loss)	6,721				6,721
Shareholders' equity, end of period at Sep. 30, 2019	28,932		156,174	(36,164)	(91,078)
Shareholders' equity, at end of period (shares) at Sep. 30, 2019		30,231,077
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	$ 2			2
Shares issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (shares)	666	605
Stock-based compensation	$ 185		185
Stock-based compensation (shares)		22,046
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation	(2)			(2)
Employee tax withholdings on stock-based compensation (shares)		(666)
Net income (loss)	2,304				2,304
Shareholders' equity, end of period at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 31,421		$ 156,359	$ (36,164)	$ (88,774)
Shareholders' equity, at end of period (shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		30,253,062

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REVENUE

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE

NOTE 3 — REVENUE

Changes in Accounting Policies

Orion adopted ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 (the “new standards”) as of April 1, 2018 for contracts with customers that were not fully complete as of April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. The cumulative effect of initially applying the new standards was recorded as an immaterial adjustment to the opening balance of retained deficit within Orion’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity.

General Information

Orion generates revenues primarily by selling commercial LED lighting fixtures and components, including controls and integrated IoT capabilities, and by installing these fixtures in its customer’s facilities on a turnkey basis via a dedicated installation and support team.  Orion recognizes revenue in accordance with the guidance in ASC 606 when control of the goods or services being provided (which Orion refers to as a performance obligation) is transferred to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration that management expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  Prices are generally fixed at the time of order confirmation.  The amount of expected consideration includes estimated deductions and early payment discounts calculated based on historical experience, customer rebates based on agreed upon terms applied to actual and projected sales levels over the rebate period, and any amounts paid to customers in conjunction with fulfilling a performance obligation.

If there are multiple performance obligations in a contract, the contract’s total sales price is allocated to each individual performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price.  A performance obligation’s standalone selling price is the price at which Orion would sell such promised good or service separately to a customer.  Orion uses an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost-plus margin approach when one is not available.  The cost-plus margin approach is used to determine the stand-alone selling price for the installation performance obligation and is based on average historical installation margin.

Revenue derived from customer contracts which include only performance obligation(s) for the sale of lighting fixtures and components is classified as Product revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.   The revenue for these transactions is recorded at the point in time when management believes that the customer obtains control of the products, generally either upon shipment or upon delivery to the customer’s facility. This point in time is determined separately for each contract and requires judgment by management of the contract terms and the specific facts and circumstances concerning the transaction.

Revenue from a customer contract which includes both the sale of fixtures and the installation of such fixtures (which Orion refers to as a turnkey project) is allocated between each lighting fixture and the installation performance obligation based on relative standalone selling prices.

Revenue from turnkey projects that is allocated to the sale of the lighting fixtures is recorded at the point in time when management believes the customer obtains control of the product(s) and is reflected in Product revenue.  This point in time is determined separately for each customer contract based upon the terms of the contract and the nature and extent of Orion’s control of the light fixtures during the installation.  Product revenue associated with turnkey projects can be recorded (a) upon shipment or delivery, (b) subsequent to shipment or delivery and upon customer payments for the light fixtures, (c) when an individual light fixture is installed and working correctly, or (d) when the customer acknowledges that the entire installation project is substantially complete.  Determining the point in time when a customer obtains control of the lighting fixtures in a turnkey project can be a complex judgment and is applied separately for each individual light fixture included in a contract.  In making this judgment, management considers the timing of various factors, including, but not limited to, those detailed below:

• when there is a legal transfer of ownership;

• when the customer obtains physical possession of the products;

• when the customer starts to receive the benefit of the products;

• the amount and duration of physical control that Orion maintains on the products after they are shipped to, and received at, the customer’s facility;

• whether Orion is required to maintain insurance on the lighting fixtures when they are in transit and after they are delivered to the customer’s facility;

• when each light fixture is physically installed and working correctly;

• when the customer formally accepts the product; and

• when Orion receives payment from the customer for the light fixtures.  

Revenue from turnkey projects that is allocated to the single installation performance obligation is reflected in Service  revenue.  Service revenue is recorded over-time as Orion fulfills its obligation to install the light fixtures.  Orion measures its performance toward fulfilling its performance obligations for installations using an output method that calculates the number of light fixtures removed and installed as of the measurement date in comparison to the total number of light fixtures to be removed or installed under the contract.

Most products are manufactured in accordance with Orion’s standard specifications.  However, some products are manufactured to a customer’s specific requirements with no alternative use to Orion.  In such cases, and when Orion has an enforceable right to payment, Product revenue is recorded on an over-time basis measured using an input methodology that calculates the costs incurred to date as compared to total expected costs.  There was no over-time revenue related to custom products recognized in the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

Orion also records revenue in conjunction with several limited power purchase agreements (“PPAs”) still outstanding. Those PPAs are supply-side agreements for the generation of electricity.  Orion’s last PPA expires in 2031.  Revenue associated with the sale of energy generated by the solar facilities under these PPAs is within the scope of ASC 606.  Revenues are recognized over-time and are equal to the amount billed to the customer, which is calculated by applying the fixed rate designated in the PPAs to the variable amount of electricity generated each month.  This approach is in accordance with the “right to invoice” practical expedient provided for in ASC 606.  Orion also recognizes revenue upon the sale to third parties of tax credits received from operating the solar facilities and from amortizing a grant received from the federal government during the period starting when the power generating facilities were constructed until the expiration of the PPAs; these revenues are not derived from contracts with customers and therefore not under the scope of ASC 606.

When shipping and handling activities are performed after a customer obtains control of the product, Orion has elected to treat shipping and handling costs as an activity necessary to fulfill the performance obligation to transfer product to the customer and not as a separate performance obligation.  Any shipping and handling costs charged to customers are recorded in Product revenue.  Shipping and handling costs are accrued and included in Cost of product revenue.

See Note 10, Accrued Expenses and Other for a discussion of Orion’s accounting for the warranty it provides to customers for its products and services.

Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenues) basis.

Contract Fulfillment Costs

Costs associated with product sales are accumulated in inventory as the fixtures are manufactured and are transferred to Cost of product revenue at the time revenue is recorded.  See Note 5, Inventories, Net.  Costs associated with installation sales are expensed as incurred.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Orion’s Product revenue includes revenue from contracts with customers accounted for under the scope of ASC 606 and revenue which is accounted for under other guidance.  For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, Product revenue included $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, derived from sales-type leases for light fixtures, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, derived from the sale of tax credits generated from Orion’s legacy operation for distributing solar energy, and $19 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively, derived from the amortization of federal grants received in 2010 and 2011 as reimbursement for a portion of the costs to construct the legacy solar facilities which are not under the scope of ASC 606.

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, Product revenue included $1.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, derived from sales-type leases for light fixtures, $26 thousand and $0.2 million, respectively, derived from the sale of tax credits generated from Orion’s legacy operation for distributing solar energy, and $19 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively, derived from the amortization of federal grants received in 2010 and 2011 as reimbursement for a portion of the costs to construct the legacy solar facilities which are not under the scope of ASC 606. All remaining Product revenue, and all Service revenue, are derived from contracts with customers as defined in ASC 606.

The primary end-users of Orion’s lighting products and services are (a) commercial or industrial companies, and (b) the federal government.

Commercial or industrial end-users obtain Orion products and services through turnkey project sales or by purchasing products either direct from Orion or through distributors or energy service companies ("ESCOs").  Revenues associated with commercial and industrial end-users are included within each of Orion’s segments, dependent on the sales channel.

The federal government obtains Orion products and services primarily through turnkey project sales that Orion makes to a select group of contractors who focus on the federal government. Revenues associated with government end-users are primarily included in the Orion Engineered Systems Division segment.

See Note 17, Segments, for additional discussion concerning Orion’s reportable segments.

The following table provides detail of Orion’s total revenues for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2019						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019
	Product		Services		Total		Product		Services		Total
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Lighting revenues, by end user
Federal government	$	78	$	68	$	146	$	902	$	366	$	1,268
Commercial and industrial		25,467		8,314		33,781		91,411		30,805		122,216
Total lighting		25,545		8,382		33,927		92,313		31,171		123,484
Solar energy related revenues		10		—		10		50		—		50
Total revenues from contracts with customers		25,555		8,382		33,937		92,363		31,171		123,534
Revenue accounted for under other guidance		312		—		312		1,415		—		1,415
Total revenue	$	25,867	$	8,382	$	34,249	$	93,778	$	31,171	$	124,949
	Three Months Ended December 31, 2018						Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018
	Product		Services		Total		Product		Services		Total
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Lighting revenues, by end user
Federal government	$	894	$	396	$	1,290	$	1,009	$	396	$	1,405
Commercial and industrial		11,976		1,943		13,919		34,987		4,565		39,552
Total lighting		12,870		2,339		15,209		35,996		4,961		40,957
Solar energy related revenues		8		—		8		46		—		46
Total revenues from contracts with customers		12,878		2,339		15,217		36,042		4,961		41,003
Revenue accounted for under other guidance		1,074		—		1,074		2,308		—		2,308
Total revenue	$	13,952	$	2,339	$	16,291	$	38,350	$	4,961	$	43,311

Cash Flow Considerations

Customer payments for material-only orders are due shortly after shipment.

Turnkey projects where the end-user is a commercial or industrial company typically span between one week to three months.  Customer payment requirements for these projects vary by contract.  Some contracts provide for customer payments for products and services as they are delivered, other contracts specify that the customer will pay for the project in its entirety upon completion of the installation.

Turnkey projects where the end-user is the federal government typically span a three to six-month period.  The contracts for these sales often provide for monthly progress payments equal to ninety percent (90%) of the value provided by Orion during the month.

Orion provides long-term financing to one customer who frequently engages Orion in large turnkey projects that span between three and nine months.  The customer executes an agreement providing for monthly payments of the contract price, plus interest, over a five-year period.  The total transaction price in these contracts is allocated between product and services in the same manner as all other turnkey projects.  The portion of the transaction associated with the installation is accounted for consistently with all other installation related performance obligations.  The portion of the transaction associated with the sale of the multiple individual light fixtures is accounted for as sales-type leases in accordance with the guidance for leases.  Revenues associated with the sales-type leases are included in Product revenue and recorded for each fixture separately based on the customer’s monthly acknowledgment that specified fixtures have been installed and are operating as specified.

The payments associated with these transactions that are due during the twelve months subsequent to December 31, 2019 are included in Accounts receivable, net in Orion’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The remaining amounts due that are associated with these transactions are included in Other long-term assets in Orion’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The customer’s monthly payment obligation commences after completion of the turnkey project.  Orion generally sells the receivable from the customer to an independent financial institution either during, or shortly after completion of, the installation period.  Upon execution of the receivables purchase / sales agreement, all amounts due from the customer are included in Revenues earned but not billed on Orion’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets until cash is received from the financial institution.  The financial institution releases funds to Orion based on the customer’s monthly acknowledgment of the progress Orion has achieved in fulfilling its installation obligation.  Orion provides the progress certifications to the financial institution one month in arrears.

The total amount received from the sales of these receivables during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, was $0.7 million and $4.4 million, respectively.  Orion’s losses on these sales were $39 thousand and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, respectively and are included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The total amount received from the sales of these receivables during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 was $1.5 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Orion’s losses on these sales were $29 thousand and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively and are included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

Orion expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within Sales and marketing expense.  There are no other capitalizable costs associated with obtaining contracts with customers.

Orion’s performance obligations related to lighting fixtures typically do not exceed nine months in duration.  As a result, Orion has elected the practical expedient that provides an exemption to the disclosure requirements regarding information about value assigned to remaining performance obligations on contracts that have original expected durations of one year or less.

Orion has also adopted the practical expedient that provides an exemption to the disclosure requirement of the value assigned to performance obligations associated with contracts that were not complete as of April 1, 2018.

Orion also elected the practical expedient that permits companies to not disclose quantitative information about the future revenue when revenue is recognized as invoices are issued to customers for services performed.

Other than the turnkey projects which result in sales-type leases discussed above, Orion generally receives full payment for satisfied performance obligations in less than one year.  Accordingly, Orion does not adjust revenues for the impact of any potential significant financing component as permitted by the practical expedients provided in ASC 606.

Contract Balances

A receivable is recognized when Orion has an enforceable right to payment in accordance with contract terms and an invoice has been issued to the customer.  Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 days from the invoice date.

Revenue earned but not billed represents revenue that has been recognized in advance of billing the customer, which is a common practice in Orion turnkey contracts.  Once Orion has an unconditional right to consideration under a turnkey contract, Orion typically bills the customer accordingly and reclassifies the amount to Accounts receivable, net.  Revenue earned but not billed as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 includes $0.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which was not derived from contracts with customers and therefore not classified as a contract asset as defined by the new standards.

Deferred revenue, current as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 includes $9 thousand and $48 thousand, respectively, of contract liabilities which represented consideration received from customers prior to the point that Orion has fulfilled the promises included in a performance obligation and recorded revenue.

Deferred revenue, long-term consists of the unamortized portion of the funds received from the federal government in 2010 and 2011 as reimbursement for the costs to build the two facilities related to the PPAs.  As the transaction is not considered a contract with a customer, this value is not a contract liability as defined by the new standards.

The following chart shows the balance of Orion’s receivables arising from contracts with customers, contract assets and contract liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
Accounts receivable, net	$	15,224	$	14,804
Contract assets	$	693	$	3,005
Contract liabilities	$	9	$	48

There were no significant changes in the contract assets outside of standard reclassifications to Accounts receivable, net upon billing.  There were no significant changes to contract liabilities.

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

As of December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, Property and equipment, net, included the following (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2019			March 31, 2019
Land and land improvements	$	433		$	433
Buildings and building improvements		9,467			9,245
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment		7,297			7,238
Leasehold improvements		324			324
Equipment leased to customers		4,997			4,997
Plant equipment		12,757			12,211
Construction in Progress		29			43
Gross property and equipment		35,304			34,491
Less: accumulated depreciation		(23,384	)		(22,481	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	11,920		$	12,010

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STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES (Stock-based Compensation) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Stock-based compensation
Total	$ 185	$ 200	$ 515	$ 639
Cost of product revenue
Stock-based compensation
Total	1	1	2	3
Cost of service revenue
Stock-based compensation
Total		1	(1)	2
General and administrative
Stock-based compensation
Total	172	185	482	592
Sales and marketing
Stock-based compensation
Total	1	$ 13	1	41
Research and development
Stock-based compensation
Total	$ 11		$ 31	$ 1

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LEASES (Schedule of Revenue and Cost of Sales Arising from Sales-Type Leases) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Product revenue	$ 162,909	$ 1,164,547
Cost of product revenue	$ 142,452	$ 1,043,874

XML

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Summary of Property and Equipment) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019
Property and equipment
Gross property and equipment	$ 35,304	$ 34,491
Less: accumulated depreciation	(23,384)	(22,481)
Total property and equipment, net	11,920	12,010
Land and land improvements
Property and equipment
Gross property and equipment	433	433
Buildings and building improvements
Property and equipment
Gross property and equipment	9,467	9,245
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment
Property and equipment
Gross property and equipment	7,297	7,238
Leasehold Improvements
Property and equipment
Gross property and equipment	324	324
Equipment leased to customers
Property and equipment
Gross property and equipment	4,997	4,997
Plant equipment
Property and equipment
Gross property and equipment	12,757	12,211
Construction in Progress
Property and equipment
Gross property and equipment	$ 29	$ 43

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REVENUE (Disaggregation of Revenue) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$ 33,937	$ 15,217	$ 123,534	$ 41,003
Revenue accounted for under other guidance	312	1,074	1,415	2,308
Total revenue	34,249	16,291	124,949	43,311
Federal government
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	146	1,290	1,268	1,405
Commercial and industrial
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	33,781	13,919	122,216	39,552
Total lighting
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	33,927	15,209	123,484	40,957
Solar energy related revenues
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	10	8	50	46
Product revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	25,555	12,878	92,363	36,042
Revenue accounted for under other guidance	312	1,074	1,415	2,308
Total revenue	25,867	13,952	93,778	38,350
Product revenue | Federal government
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	78	894	902	1,009
Product revenue | Commercial and industrial
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	25,467	11,976	91,411	34,987
Product revenue | Total lighting
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	25,545	12,870	92,313	35,996
Product revenue | Solar energy related revenues
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	10	8	50	46
Service revenue
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	8,382	2,339	31,171	4,961
Revenue accounted for under other guidance	0	0	0	0
Total revenue	8,382	2,339	31,171	4,961
Service revenue | Federal government
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	68	396	366	396
Service revenue | Commercial and industrial
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	8,314	1,943	30,805	4,565
Service revenue | Total lighting
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	8,382	2,339	31,171	4,961
Service revenue | Solar energy related revenues
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues from contracts with customers	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0