oesx-10k_20190331.htm

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an "emerging growth company". See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of shares of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates as of September 30, 2018, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $19,881,105.

As of May 31, 2019, there were 29,601,669 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on August 7, 2019 are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements that are based on Orion Energy Systems, Inc's ("Orion", "we", "us", "our" and similar references) beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. When used in this Form 10-K, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, and expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are reasonable, these plans, intentions or expectations are based on assumptions, are subject to risks and uncertainties, and may not be achieved. These statements are based on assumptions made by us based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors that we believe are appropriate under the current circumstances. Such statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K. Important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this Form 10-K, including particularly the Risk Factors described under Part I. Item 1A. of this Form 10-K. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth in this Form 10-K. Actual events, results and outcomes may differ materially from our expectations due to a variety of factors. Although it is not possible to identify all of these factors, they include, among others, the following:

You are urged to carefully consider these factors and the other factors described under Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” when evaluating any forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Except as required by applicable law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly or to update the reasons why actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

As used herein, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires, all references to “Orion,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and similar references are to Orion Energy Systems, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We provide state-of-the-art LED lighting, wireless Internet of Things (“IoT”) enabled control solutions, and energy project management. We research, design, develop, manufacture, market, sell, install, and implement energy management systems consisting primarily of high-performance, energy-efficient commercial and industrial interior and exterior lighting systems and related services. Our products are targeted for applications in three primary market segments: commercial office and retail, area lighting, and industrial applications, although we do sell and install products into other markets. Virtually all of our sales occur within North America.

Our lighting products consist primarily of light emitting diode ("LED") lighting fixtures, many of which include IoT enabled control systems. Our principal customers include large national account end-users, electrical distributors and energy service companies ("ESCOs"). Currently, substantially all of our products are manufactured at our leased production facility located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, although as the LED market continues to evolve, we are increasingly sourcing products and components from third parties in order to provide versatility in our product development.

We have experienced recent success offering our comprehensive project management services to national account customers to retrofit their multiple locations. Our comprehensive services include initial site surveys and audits, utility incentive and government subsidy management, engineering design, and project management from delivery through to installation and controls integration.

We believe the market for LED lighting products continues to grow. Due to their size and flexibility in application, we also believe that LED lighting systems can address opportunities for retrofit applications that cannot be satisfied by other lighting technologies. Our LED lighting technologies have become the primary component of our revenue as we continue to strive to be a leader in the LED market.

We generally do not have long-term contracts with our customers that provide us with recurring revenue from period to period and we typically generate substantially all of our revenue from sales of lighting systems and related services to governmental, commercial and industrial customers on a project-by-project basis. We also perform work under global services or product purchasing agreements with major customers with sales completed on a purchase order basis. We typically sell our lighting systems in replacement of our customers’ existing fixtures. We call this replacement process a "retrofit". We frequently engage our customer’s existing electrical contractor to provide installation and project management services. We also sell our lighting systems on a wholesale basis, principally to electrical distributors and ESCOs to sell to their own customer bases.

The gross margins of our products can vary significantly depending upon the types of products we sell, with margins typically ranging from 10% to 50%. As a result, a change in the total mix of our sales among higher or lower margin products can cause our profitability to fluctuate from period to period.

Reportable segments are components of an entity that have separate financial data that the entity's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") regularly reviews when allocating resources and assessing performance. Our CODM is our chief executive officer. We have three reportable segments: Orion Engineered Systems Division ("OES"), and Orion Distribution Services Division ("ODS"), and Orion U.S. Markets Division ("USM").

For financial results by reportable segment, please refer to Note 16, "Segment Data" in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. of this Annual Report.

The OES segment develops and sells lighting products and provides construction and engineering services for our commercial lighting and energy management systems. OES provides turnkey solutions for large national accounts, governments, municipalities and schools.

The ODS segment focuses on selling lighting products through manufacturer representative agencies and a network of broadline North American distributors.

The USM segment sells commercial lighting systems and energy management systems to the wholesale contractor markets. USM customers are primarily ESCOs.

We provide enterprise-grade LED lighting and energy project solutions. We are primarily focused on providing commercial and industrial facilities lighting retrofit solutions in North America using solid-state LED technology. We believe the market for lighting products has shifted to LED lighting systems and continues to grow. We believe that LED lighting technology allows for better optical performance, significantly reduced maintenance costs due to performance longevity and reduced energy consumption. Due to their size and flexibility in application, we also believe that LED lighting systems can address opportunities for retrofit applications that cannot be satisfied by other technologies.

Our products deliver energy savings and efficiency gains to our commercial and industrial customers without compromising their quantity or quality of light. We estimate that our energy management systems reduce our customers’ legacy lighting-related electricity costs by approximately 50% or greater, while maintaining their quantity of light after the reduced wattage and improving overall lighting quality when replacing traditional fixtures. Our customers with legacy lighting systems typically realize a one to four-year payback period, and most often 12 – 18 months, from electricity cost savings generated by our lighting systems without considering utility incentives or government subsidies.

Energy-efficient lighting systems are cost-effective and environmentally responsible solutions allowing end users to reduce operating expenses. Based on a July 2015 report published by the United States Department of Energy, or DOE, we estimate the potential North American LED retrofit market within our primary markets to be approximately 1.1 billion lighting fixtures. We serve government and private sector end-customers in the following primary markets: commercial office and retail, area lighting and industrial applications.

Commercial office and retail. Our commercial office and retail market includes commercial office buildings, retail store fronts, government offices, schools, hospitals and other buildings with traditional 10 to 12 foot ceiling heights. The DOE estimates that there are approximately 987 million office "troffer" fixtures within the United States, which is a rectangular light fixture that fits into a modular dropped ceiling grid. We believe we have the opportunity to increase our revenue by serving this market with our LED Door Retrofit, or LDR^TM, lighting solutions.

Area lighting. Our market for area lighting includes parking garages, surface lots, automobile dealerships and gas service stations. The DOE estimates that there are approximately 66 million area lighting fixtures within the United States and an additional 45 million roadway lighting fixtures in the United States.

Industrial applications. Our market for industrial facilities includes manufacturing facilities, distribution and warehouse facilities, government buildings and agricultural buildings. These facilities typically contain "high-bay" lighting fixtures. The DOE estimates that there are approximately 139 million low/high bay fixtures within the United States.

Commercial and industrial facilities in the United States employ a variety of lighting technologies, including HID, traditional fluorescents, LED and incandescent lighting fixtures. We estimate that approximately 50% of this market still utilizes inefficient high intensity discharge ("HID") lighting technologies. Our lighting systems typically replace less efficient HID, HIF fixtures, and earlier generation of LED fixtures. According to the Electric Power Research Institute, or EPRI, HID fixtures only convert approximately 36% of the energy they consume into visible light. We estimate that our energy management systems reduce our customers’ legacy lighting-related electricity costs by approximately 50% or greater, while improving overall lighting quality when replacing traditional fixtures.

We believe that utilities within the United States recognize the importance of energy efficiency as an economical means to manage capacity constraints and as a low-cost alternative when compared to the construction costs of building new power plants. Accordingly, many of these utilities are continually focused on demand reduction through energy efficiency. According to our research of individual state and utility programs, 50 states, through legislation, regulation or voluntary action, have seen their utilities design and fund programs that promote or deliver energy efficiency. Our products are not solely dependent upon these incentive programs, but we do believe that these incentive programs provide an important benefit as our customers evaluate their out-of-pocket cash investments.

Value Proposition. We estimate our LED lighting systems generally reduce lighting-related electricity costs by approximately 50% or greater, compared to legacy fixtures, while improving overall lighting quality.

Multi-Facility Roll-Out Capability. We offer our customers a single source, turnkey solution for project implementation in which we manage and maintain responsibility for entire multi-facility roll-outs of our energy management solutions across North American commercial and industrial facility portfolios. This capability allows us to offer our customers an orderly, timely and scheduled process for recognizing energy reductions and cost savings.

Rapid Payback Period. In most retrofit projects where we replace HID and HIF fixtures, our customers typically realize a one to four year, but most often 12 – 18 months, payback period on our lighting systems. These returns are achieved without considering utility incentives or government subsidies (although subsidies and incentives are continually being made available to our customers in connection with the installation of our systems that further shorten payback periods).

Easy Installation, Implementation and Maintenance. Most of our fixtures are designed with a lightweight construction and modular plug-and-play architecture that allows for fast and easy installation, facilitates maintenance, and integration of other components of our energy management system. Our office LED Troffer Door Retrofit ("LDR^TM") products are designed to allow for a fast and easy installation without disrupting the ceiling space or the office workspace. We believe our system’s design reduces installation time and expense compared to other lighting solutions, which further improves our customers’ return on investment. We also believe that our use of standard components reduces our customers’ ongoing maintenance costs.

Expanded Product Offerings. We are committed to continue developing LED product offerings in all of the markets we serve. Our third generation of ISON® class of LED interior fixture delivers a market leading 214 lumens per watt. This advancement means our customers can get more light with less energy, and sometimes fewer fixtures, than with any other product on the market. In fiscal 2018 and 2019, we launched a variety of new products, features and functionality targeting healthcare, food service, high and low temperature environments and other market segments. See "Products and Services" below.

Environmental Benefits. By allowing for the permanent reduction of electricity consumption, our energy management systems reduce indirect CO2 emissions that are a negative by-product of energy generation. We estimate that one of our LED lighting systems, when replacing a standard HID fixture, displaces 0.352 kW of electricity, which, based on information provided by the EPA, reduces a customer’s indirect CO2 emissions by approximately 1.5 tons per year.

Compelling Value Proposition. By permanently reducing lighting-related electricity usage, our systems enable our customers to achieve significant cost savings, without compromising quantity and quality of light in their facilities. As a result, our products offer our customers a rapid return on their investment, without relying on government subsidies or utility incentives.

Comprehensive Project Management. We offer our customers a single source solution whereby we manage and are responsible for an entire retrofit lighting project, from initial site surveys and energy audits through to installation and controls integration. Our ability to offer such comprehensive turnkey project management services, coupled with best-in-class customer service, allows us to deliver energy reductions and cost savings to our customers in timely, orderly and planned multi-facility roll-outs nationwide. We experienced substantial success with offering these services in fiscal 2019 with one national account customer entering into commitments to retrofit multiple locations beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 and continuing throughout our fiscal 2020.

Large and Growing Customer Base. We have developed a large and growing national customer base, and have installed our products in more than 14,500 commercial and industrial facilities across North America. We believe that the willingness of our blue-chip customers to install our products across multiple facilities represents a significant endorsement of our value proposition, which in turn helps us sell our energy management systems to new customers. We intend to leverage our expertise in managing projects across multiple facilities within our new LED product markets, which now include new customer opportunities with banks, insurance companies, hospitals, fast food chains, retail storefronts, grocery and pharmacies.

Innovative Technology. We have developed a portfolio of 104 United States patents primarily covering various elements of our products. We believe these innovations allow our products to produce more light output per unit of input energy compared to our competition. We also have 15 patents pending that primarily cover various elements of our newly developed LED products and certain business methods. To complement our innovative energy management products, our integrated energy management services provide our customers with a turnkey solution either at a single facility or across their North American facility footprints. Our demonstrated ability to innovate provides us with significant competitive advantages. Our lighting products offer significantly more light output as measured in foot-candles of light delivered per watt of electricity consumed when compared to HID or traditional fluorescent fixtures. Beyond the benefits of our lighting fixtures, we believe that there is also an opportunity to utilize our system platform as a “connected ceiling” or “smart ceiling”, or a framework or network that can support the installation and integration of other solutions on a digital platform. This “smart ceiling” can be integrated with other technologies to collect data and manage assets and resources more efficiently. This anticipated potential growth opportunity is also known as the “Industrial Internet of Things” or IoT and is in the early adoption phase in the marketplace as businesses and municipalities explore use of these new technologies to optimize operations or develop “smart cities”. Orion’s percentage of systems utilizing IoT enabled devices has grown significantly over the past few years and we expect this trend to continue. Our IoT enabled devices not only contain energy management control functions, but also have the ability to collect facility usage and traffic data as well as collect data from other facility mechanical systems.

Expanded Sales and Distribution Network. In addition to selling directly to national accounts and ESCOs, we sell our lighting products and services to electrical distributors through a North American network of independent lighting agencies. As of the end of fiscal 2019, we had approximately 50 different independent lighting agencies representing us in substantially all of North America. We intend to continue to selectively build our sales network in the future, with a focus on geographic regions where we do not currently have a strong sales presence.

Our ability to achieve our desired revenue growth and profitability goals depends on our ability to effectively execute on the following key strategic initiatives:

Focus on executing and marketing our turnkey LED retrofit capabilities to large national account customers. We believe one of our competitive advantages is our ability to deliver full turnkey LED lighting project capabilities starting with energy audits and site assessments that lead to custom engineering and manufacturing through to fully managed installations. These attributes coupled with our superior customer service, high quality designs and expedited delivery responsiveness resulted in our contract to retrofit multiple locations for a single national account. This contract will lead our growth momentum for fiscal 2020 and beyond.

Support success of our ESCO and agent-driven distribution sales channels. We continue to focus on building our relationships and product and sales support for our ESCO and agent driven distribution channels. These efforts include an array of product and sales training efforts as well as the development of new products to cater to the unique needs of these sales channels.

Continued Product Innovation. We continue to innovate, developing lighting fixtures and features that address specific customer requirements, while also working to maintain a leadership position in energy efficiency, smart product design and installation benefits. We also continue to deepen our capabilities in the integration of smart lighting controls. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art lighting products with modular plug-and-play designs to enable lighting system customization from basic controls to advanced IoT capabilities.

Leveraging of Orion’s Smart Lighting Systems to Support Internet of Things Applications. We believe we are ideally positioned to help customers to efficiently deploy new IoT controls and applications by leveraging the “Smart Ceiling” capabilities of their Orion solid state lighting system. IoT capabilities can include the management and tracking of facilities, personnel, resources and customer behavior, driving both sales and lowering costs. As a result, these added capabilities provide customers an even greater return on investment from their lighting system and make us an even more attractive partner.

Our primary focus has been, and will continue to be, emphasizing our LED lighting fixtures. Currently, substantially all of our products are manufactured at our leased production facility location in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, although as the LED market continues to evolve, we also source products and components from third parties in order to have versatility in our product development. We are focused on researching, developing and/or acquiring new innovative LED products and technologies for the retrofit markets, such as the LDR^TM. We plan to focus our efforts on developing creative new LED retrofit products in order to offer our customers a variety of integrated energy management services, such as system design, project management and installation.

The LED Troffer Door Retrofit (LDR^TM): The LDR^TM is designed to replace existing 4 foot by 2 foot and 2 foot by 2 foot fluorescent troffers that are frequently found in office or retail grid ceilings. Our LDR^TM product is unique in that the LED optics and electronics are housed within the doorframe that allows for installation of the product in approximately one to two minutes. Our LDR^TM product also provides reduced maintenance expenses based upon improved LED chips.

Interior LED High Bay Fixtures: Our LED interior high bay lighting products consist of our Harris high bay, Apollo^TM high bay and ISON® high bay products. Our ISON® class of LED interior fixture offers a full package of premium features, including low total cost of ownership, optics that currently exceed competitors in terms of lumen package, delivered light, modularity and advanced thermal management. Our third generation of ISON® class of LED interior fixture delivers up to an exceptional 214 lumens per watt. This advancement means our customers can get more light with less energy, and sometimes fewer fixtures, compared to other products on the market. Our Apollo^TM class of LED interior fixtures is designed for new construction and retrofit projects where initial cost is the largest factor in the purchase decision. Our Harris high bay is ideal for customers seeking a cost-effective solution to deliver energy savings and maintenance reductions. In addition, our LED interior lighting products are lightweight and easy to handle, which further reduces installation and maintenance costs and helps to build brand loyalty with electrical contractors and installers.

Smart Lighting Controls. We offer a broad array of smart building control systems that have either been developed by us under the InteLite^TM brand or procured from third parties. These control systems provide both lighting control options (such as occupancy, daylight, or schedule control) and data intelligence capabilities for building managers to log, monitor, and analyze use of space, energy savings, and provide physical security of the space.

Other Products. We also offer our customers a variety of other LED and HIF fixtures to address their lighting and energy management needs, including fixtures designed for agribusinesses, parking lots, roadways, retail, mezzanine, outdoor applications and private label resale.

Warranty Policy. Our warranty policy generally provides for a limited one-year warranty on our HIF products and a limited five-year warranty on our LED products, although we do offer warranties ranging up to 10 years for certain LED products. Ballasts, lamps, drivers, LED chips and other electrical components are excluded from our standard warranty as they are covered by separate warranties offered by the original equipment manufacturers. We coordinate and process customer warranty inquiries and claims, including inquiries and claims relating to ballast and lamp components, through our customer service department.

We provide a range of fee-based lighting-related energy management services to our customers, including:

We also provide other services that comprise a small amount of our revenue. These services primarily include management and control of power quality and remote monitoring and control of our installed systems. We also sell and distribute replacement lamps and fixture components into the after-market.

We primarily target commercial, institutional and industrial customers who have warehousing, retail, manufacturing, and office facilities. In fiscal 2019, one customer accounted for 20.7% of total revenue. We expect this customer will continue to account for even a substantially higher percentage of our fiscal 2020 total revenue. In fiscal 2018, two customers accounted for 11.7% and 10.8% of total revenue. In fiscal 2017, there was no single customer that accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue. While we continue to seek to diversify our customer base by expanding our reach to national accounts, ESCOs and the agent driven distribution channel, we expect to continue to derive a significant percentage of our revenue from contracts with one customer. These contracts are entered into in the ordinary course of business and provide that we will deliver products and services on a work order or purchase order basis and any purchase order may be terminated prior to shipment. The contracts do not guarantee that the customer will buy our products or services.

The amount and concentration of our revenues with one or more customer may fluctuate on a year to year basis depending on the number of purchase orders issued by our customers. The loss of a significant customer or the termination of a material volume of purchase orders (or the underlying agreements) could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We sell our products in one of three ways: (i) directly with our relationships with our national account partners; (ii) indirectly through independent sales agencies and broadline North American distributors; and (iii) through ESCOs. Our ODS segment focuses on developing and expanding customer relationships with independent manufacturer’s agents and broadline distributors. During fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, we engaged approximately 50 manufacturer representative agencies to expand our reach with broadline distributors and further enhance our ability to increase our revenue. We attempt to leverage the customer relationships of these distributors to further extend the geographic scope of our selling efforts. We work cooperatively with our indirect channels through participation in national trade organizations and by providing training on our sales methodologies.

We have historically focused our marketing efforts on traditional direct advertising, as well as developing brand awareness through customer education and active participation in trade shows and energy management seminars. These efforts have included participating in national, regional and local trade organizations, exhibiting at trade shows, executing targeted direct mail campaigns, advertising in select publications, public relations campaigns, social media and other lead generation and brand-building initiatives.

The market for energy-efficient lighting products and services is fragmented. We face strong competition primarily from manufacturers and distributors of lighting products and services as well as electrical contractors. We compete primarily on the basis of technology, cost, performance, quality, customer experience, energy efficiency, customer service and marketing support.

There are a number of lighting fixture manufacturers that sell LED and HIF products that compete with our lighting product lines. Lighting companies such as Acuity Brands, Inc., Carmanah Technology Corporation, Energy Focus, Inc., Eaton Corporation plc, Cree, Inc., LSI Industries, Inc., Revolution Lighting Technologies Inc., TCP International Holdings, Inc., and Hubbell Incorporated are some of our main competitors within the commercial office, retail and industrial markets. We are also facing increased competition from manufacturers in low-cost countries.

We also face competition from companies who provide energy management services. Some of these competitors, such as Ameresco, Inc., Johnson Controls, Inc. and Honeywell International, provide basic systems and controls designed to further energy efficiency.

As of March 31, 2019, we had been issued 104 United States patents and have applied for 15 additional United States patents. The patented and patent pending technologies cover various innovative elements of our products, including our HIF and LED fixtures. Our patented LDR^TM product allows for a significantly quicker installation when compared to competitor's commercial office lighting products. Our smart lighting controls allow our lighting fixtures to selectively provide a targeted amount of light where and when it is needed most.

We believe that our patent portfolio as a whole is material to our business. We also believe that our patents covering our ability to manage the thermal and optical performance of our LED and HIF lighting products are material to our business, and that the loss of these patents could significantly and adversely affect our business, operating results and prospects.

Backlog represents the amount of revenue that we expect to realize in the future as a result of firm, committed orders. Our backlog as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 totaled $10.8 million and $3.3 million, respectively. We generally expect our backlog to be recognized as revenue within one year.

We lease an approximately 197,000 square foot manufacturing and distribution facility located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, where substantially all of our products are manufactured.

We generally maintain a significant supply of raw material and purchased and manufactured component inventory. We contract with transportation companies to ship our products and manage all aspects of distribution logistics. We generally ship our products directly to the end user.

Our research and development efforts are centered on developing new LED products and technologies and enhancing existing products. The products, technologies and services we are developing are focused on increasing end user energy efficiency and enhancing lighting output. Over the last three fiscal years, we have focused our development on additional LED products, resulting in our development and commercialization of several new suites of LED interior high bay products.

We operate research and development lab and test facilities in our Jacksonville, Florida and Manitowoc, Wisconsin locations.

Our operations are subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing, among other things, emissions to air, discharge to water, the remediation of contaminated properties and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of, and exposure to, waste and other materials, as well as laws and regulations relating to occupational health and safety. We believe that our business, operations, and facilities are being operated in compliance in all material respects with applicable environmental and health and safety laws and regulations.

State, county or municipal statutes often require that a licensed electrician be present and supervise each retrofit project. Further, all installations of electrical fixtures are subject to compliance with electrical codes in virtually all jurisdictions in the United States. In cases where we engage independent contractors to perform our retrofit projects, we believe that compliance with these laws and regulations is the responsibility of the applicable contractor.

We were incorporated as a Wisconsin corporation in April 1996 and our corporate headquarters are located at 2210 Woodland Drive, Manitowoc, Wisconsin 54220. Our Internet website address is www.orionlighting.com. Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are available through the investor relations page of our internet website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this report.

As of March 31, 2019, we had approximately 186 full-time and 135 temporary employees, of which 202 work in manufacturing. Our employees are not represented by any labor union, and we have never experienced a work stoppage or strike. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.

You should carefully consider the risk factors set forth below and in other reports that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The matters discussed in the following risk factors, and additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.

We have had a history of losses and we may be unable to achieve profitability or positive cash flows in the future.

We have experienced net losses for the past five fiscal years. Generating net income and positive cash flows in the future will depend on our ability to successfully complete and execute our strategic plan and continue to control costs pursuant to our cost reduction initiatives. The continued implementation of our cost reduction initiatives may negatively impact our sales. In addition, our cost reduction initiatives may not be sufficient to offset our negative cash flows and may plateau over time, reducing our ability to further offset negative cash flows. There is no guarantee that we will be able to achieve profitability or positive cash flows in the future. Our inability to successfully achieve profitability and positive cash flows will likely result in our experiencing a serious liquidity deficiency and could threaten our viability.

Our financial performance is dependent on our ability to execute on our strategy and achieve profitability.

Our ability to achieve our desired growth and profitability goals depends on our ability to effectively manage our turnkey LED retrofit capabilities to large national account customers, engage distribution and sales agents, develop recurring revenue streams, expand our customer base and improve our marketing, new product development, project execution, customer service, margin enhancement and operating expense management, as well as other factors. If we are unable to successfully execute in any of these areas or on our growth and profitability strategy, then our business and financial performance will likely be materially adversely affected.

We may not be able to obtain equity capital or debt financing necessary to fund our ongoing operations, effectively pursue our strategy and sustain our growth initiatives.

Our existing liquidity and capital resources may not be sufficient to allow us to fund our ongoing operations, effectively pursue our strategy or sustain our growth initiatives. As of March 31, 2019, we had $8.7 million of cash and approximately $9.2 million of outstanding borrowings and $1.4 million of remaining borrowing capacity available under our revolving credit facility, compared to $9.4 million of cash and approximately $3.9 million of outstanding borrowings and $0.1 million of remaining borrowing availability as of March 31, 2018. If we require additional capital resources, we may not be able to obtain sufficient equity capital and/or debt financing to allow us to continue our normal course of operations or we may not be able to obtain such equity capital or debt financing on acceptable terms or conditions. Factors affecting the availability to us of equity capital or debt financing on acceptable terms and conditions include:

Our inability to obtain the equity capital or debt financing necessary to fund our ongoing operations or pursue our strategies could force us to scale back our operations or our sales initiatives. If we are unable to pursue our strategy and sustain our growth initiatives, our business and operating results will be materially adversely affected.

We do not have major sources of recurring revenue and depend upon a limited number of customers in any given period to generate a substantial portion of our revenue. The loss of significant customers or a major customer could have an adverse effect on our operations.

We do not have long-term contracts with our customers that provide us with recurring revenue from period to period. As a result, we generate a substantial portion of our revenue by securing large retrofit and multi-facility roll-out projects from new and existing customers and our dependence on individual key customers can vary from period to period as a result of the significant size of some of our retrofit and multi-facility roll-out projects. Our top 10 customers accounted for approximately 48%, 42%, and 33% respectively, of our total revenue for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017. In fiscal 2019, one customer accounted for 20.7% of total revenue. We expect this customer will continue to account for even a substantially higher percentage of our fiscal 2020 revenue. As a result, we will continue to experience significant customer concentration in fiscal 2020. The loss of this customer or our failure to satisfy its installation requirements in fiscal 2020 could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In fiscal 2018, two customers accounted for 11.7% and 10.8% of total revenue. In fiscal 2017, there was no single customer that accounted for more than 10% of our revenue. We expect large retrofit and rollout projects to continue to remain a significant component of our total revenue.

The agreements we enter into with several of our key customers (including our largest customer) provide that we will provide products and services on a work order or purchase order basis. These agreements do not guarantee that our key customers will make purchases from us and provide that any purchase order or work order may be terminated prior to shipment. As a result, the amount and concentration of our revenues may fluctuate year over year depending on the number of purchase orders or work orders issued by our customers, which may fluctuate due to factors such as our customers’ capital expenditure budgets and general economic conditions. Additionally, commercial office lighting retrofits provide for single large project opportunities. The loss of, or substantial reduction in sales to, any of our significant customers, or a major customer, or the termination or delay of a significant volume of purchase orders by one or more key customers, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any given future period.

The success of our business depends upon market acceptance of our energy management products and services.

Our future success depends on continued commercial acceptance of our energy management products and services and obtaining additional project management retrofit contracts to supplement our contract for our single largest customer in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2020. If we are unable to convince current and potential customers of the advantages of our lighting systems and energy management products and services, then our ability to sell our lighting systems and energy management products and services will be limited. In addition, because the market for energy management products and services is rapidly evolving, we may not be able to accurately assess the size of the market, and we may have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect our business. If the market for our lighting systems and energy management products and services does not continue to develop, or if the market does not accept our products, then our ability to grow our business could be limited and we may not be able to increase our revenue or achieve profitability.

Adverse conditions in the global economy have negatively impacted, and could in the future negatively impact, our customers, suppliers and business.

Our operations and performance are impacted by worldwide economic conditions. Uncertainty about global economic conditions could result in customers postponing purchases of our products and services in response to tighter credit, unemployment, negative financial news and/or declines in income or asset values and other macroeconomic factors, which could have a material negative effect on demand for our products and services and, accordingly, on our business, results of operations or financial condition. For example, any economic and political uncertainty caused by the United States tariffs imposed on other countries, and any corresponding tariffs from such other countries in response, may negatively impact demand and/or increase the cost for our products and components used in our products.

There continues to be a great amount of debate regarding a wide range of policy options with respect to monetary, regulatory, and trade, amongst others, that the U.S. federal government has and may pursue, including the recent imposition of tariffs on certain imports. Certain sourced finished products and certain of the components used in our products are impacted by the recently imposed tariffs on China imports. Our efforts to mitigate the impact of added costs include a variety of activities, such as sourcing from non-tariff impacted countries and raising prices. If we are unable to successfully mitigate the impacts of these tariffs and other trade policies, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

In addition, global economic and political uncertainty has led many customers to adopt strategies for conserving cash, including limits on capital spending. Our lighting systems are often purchased as capital assets and therefore are subject to capital availability. Uncertainty around such availability has led customers to delay purchase decisions, which has elongated the duration of our sales cycles. Weak economic conditions in the past have adversely affected our customers’ capital budgets, purchasing decisions and facilities managers and, therefore, have adversely affected our results of operations. The return to a recessionary state of the global economy could potentially have negative effects on our near-term liquidity and capital resources, including slower collections of receivables, delays of existing order deliveries, postponements of incoming orders and reductions in the number and volume of purchase orders received from key customers as a result of reduced capital expenditure budgets. Our business and results of operations will be adversely affected to the extent these adverse economic conditions affect our customers’ purchasing decisions.

The success of our LED lighting retrofit solutions depend, in part, on our ability to claim market share ahead of our competitors. If we are unable to expand our customer base and increase sales in our targeted markets, our revenues and profitability will be adversely affected.

Participants in the LED market who are able to quickly establish customer relationships and achieve market penetration are likely to gain a competitive advantage as the lighting retrofit solutions offered by us and our competitors generally have a product life of several years following installation. If we are unable to broaden our customer base and achieve greater market penetration in the LED market in a timely manner, we may lose the opportunity to market our LED products and services to significant portions of the lighting systems retrofit market for several years and may be at a disadvantage in securing future business opportunities from customers that have previously established relationships with one or more of our competitors. These circumstances could reduce our revenue and profitability, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, as we continue to seek to expand our customer base within agent/distribution channels, national accounts and ESCOs, our success will depend in part on our ability to attract and retain talent to execute on our sales model. If we are unable to attract and retain sufficient talent, we may be unable to broaden our customer base, which will adversely affect our revenue and profitability.

We are increasing our emphasis on indirect distribution channels to sell our products and services. If we are unable to attract, incentivize and retain our third-party distributors and sales agents, or our distributors and sales agents do not sell our products and services at the levels expected, our revenues could decline and our costs could increase.

We have significantly expanded the number of our manufacturer representative agencies that sell our products through distributors, many of which are not exclusive, which means that these sales agents and distributors may sell other third-party products and services in direct competition with us. Since many of our competitors use sales agents and distributors to sell their products and services, competition for such agents and distributors is intense and may adversely affect our product pricing and gross margins. Additionally, due to mismanagement, industry trends, macro-economic developments, or other reasons, our sales agents and distributors may be unable to effectively sell our products at the levels desired or anticipated. In addition, we have historically relied on direct sales to sell our products, which were often made in competition with sales agents and distributors. In order to attract and form lasting partnerships with sales agents and distributors, we will be required to overcome our historical perception as a direct sales competitor. As a result, we may have difficulty attracting and retaining sales agents and distributors and any inability to do so could have a negative effect on our ability to attract and obtain customers, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

Our financial performance is dependent on our ability to achieve growth in our average sales margins on our products.

The gross margins of our products can vary significantly, with margins ranging from 10% to 50%. While we continue to implement our strategy of transitioning to higher-margin products and reducing the material cost of our products, a change in the total mix of our sales toward lower margin products, a decrease in the margins on our products as a result of competitive pressures driving down the average selling price of our products, lower sales volumes and promotional programs to increase sales volumes could reduce our profitability and result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance. Furthermore, average selling prices may be negatively impacted by market over-supply conditions, product feature cannibalization by competitors or component providers, low-cost non-traditional sales methods by new market entrants, and comparison of our retrofit fixture products with replacement lamp equivalents. In a competitive lighting industry, we must be able to innovate and release new products on a regular basis with features and benefits that generate increases in average selling price or average margins.

We operate in a highly competitive industry and, if we are unable to compete successfully, our revenue and profitability will be adversely affected.

We face strong competition primarily from manufacturers and distributors of energy management products and services, as well as from electrical contractors. We are also facing increased competition from manufacturers in low-cost countries. We compete primarily on the basis of customer relationships, price, quality, energy efficiency, customer service and marketing support. Our products are in direct competition with the expanding availability of LED products, HID technology, as well as HIF products and older fluorescent technology in the lighting systems retrofit market.

Many of our competitors are better capitalized than we are, have strong customer relationships, greater name recognition, and more extensive engineering, manufacturing, sales and marketing capabilities. In addition, the LED market has seen increased convergence in recent years, resulting in our competition gaining increased market share and resources. Competitors could focus their substantial resources on developing a competing business model or energy management products or services that may be potentially more attractive to customers than our products or services. In addition, we may face competition from other products or technologies that reduce demand for electricity. Our competitors may also offer energy management products and services at reduced prices in order to improve their competitive positions. Any of these competitive factors could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain customers, require us to lower our average selling prices in order to remain competitive, and reduce our revenue and profitability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The success of our business depends upon our adaptation to the quickly changing market conditions in the lighting industry and on market acceptance of our lighting retrofit solutions using new LED technologies.

The market for lighting products has experienced a significant technology shift to LED lighting systems. In addition, we continue to explore utilizing our system platform as a “connected ceiling” or “smart ceiling”, or a framework or network that can support the installation and integration of other business solutions on our digital platform.

As a result, our future success depends significantly upon the adoption rate of LED products within our primary markets and our ability to participate in this ongoing market trend. To be an effective participant in the LED market, we must keep up with the evolution of LED technology, which continues to move at a fast pace. We may be unable to successfully develop and market new LED products or services that keep pace with technological or industry changes, differentiate ourselves from our competition, satisfy changes in customer demands or comply with present or emerging government and industry regulations and technology standards. The development and introduction of new LED products may result in increased warranty expenses and other new product introduction expenses. In addition, we will likely continue to incur substantial costs to research and develop new LED products, which will increase our expenses, without guarantee that our new products and services will be commercially viable. We may also spend time and resources to develop and release new LED products only to discover that a competitor has also introduced similar new products with superior performance. Moreover, if new sources of lighting are developed, our current products and technologies could become less competitive or obsolete, which could result in reduced revenue, reduced earnings or increased losses and/or inventory and other impairment charges.

As we attempt to adapt and respond to this quickly evolving market, we have been managing through significant change in our vendor supply chain as we place most of our focus on this LED product line. We currently believe that our continuing efforts to negotiate further lower material input costs will help maintain or improve our LED product gross margins. However, we may not be able to realize the gross margin benefits in the amounts or on the timetable anticipated and we may experience higher warranty expenses in the future as we implement our manufacturing and assembly process changes. It is also possible that, as we continue to focus our sales efforts on our LED product lines, we may increase our risk of inventory obsolescence for our legacy lighting product lines or even for outmoded LED products.

Finally, in connection with our primary focus on selling our LED products, we expect our results of operations to continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter as customers may continue to delay purchasing decisions as they evaluate their return on investment from purchasing new LED products compared to alternative lighting solutions, the pricing of LED products continues to fall and LED products continue to gain more widespread customer acceptance. Similarly, these circumstances have impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, our product gross margins and our profitability from quarter to quarter.

If we are unable to achieve market acceptance of our lighting retrofit solutions using new LED technologies or realize the expected benefits from our focus on promoting our LED technologies, our results of operations and financial condition will likely be materially adversely affected.

The reduction or elimination of investments in, or incentives to adopt, LED lighting or the elimination of, or changes in, policies, incentives or rebates in certain states or countries that encourage the use of LEDs over some traditional lighting technologies could cause the growth in demand for our products to slow, which could materially and adversely affect our revenues, profits and margins.

Reductions in (including as a result of any budgetary constraints), or the elimination of, government investment and favorable energy policies designed to accelerate the adoption of LED lighting could result in decreased demand for our products and decrease our revenues, profits and margins. Further, if our products fail to qualify for any financial incentives or rebates provided by governmental agencies or utilities for which our competitors’ products qualify, such programs may diminish or eliminate our ability to compete by offering products at lower prices than ours.

We increasingly rely on third-party manufacturers for the manufacture and development of our products and product components.

We have increased our utilization of third-party manufacturers for the manufacture and development of our products and product components. Our business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows could be materially adversely affected if our manufacturers were to experience problems with product quality, credit or liquidity issues, or disruptions or delays in the manufacturing process or delivery of the finished products and components or the raw materials used to make such products and components.

Changes in government budget priorities and political gridlock could negatively impact our sales and profitability.

Actual and perceived changes in governmental budget priorities could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Government agencies purchase product directly from us. When the government changes budget priorities, such as in times of war or financial crisis, or reallocates spending to areas unrelated to our business, our sales and profitability can be negatively impacted. For example, demand and payment for our products and services may be affected by public sector budgetary cycles, funding authorizations or rebates. Funding reductions or delays, including delays caused by political gridlock, could negatively impact demand and payment for our products and services.

Our products use components and raw materials that may be subject to price fluctuations, shortages or interruptions of supply.

We may be vulnerable to price increases for components or raw materials that we require for our products, including aluminum, copper, certain rare earth minerals, electronic drivers, chips, ballasts, power supplies and lamps. In particular, our cost of aluminum can be subject to commodity price fluctuation. We also source certain finished goods externally. Limitations inherent within the supply chain of certain of these component parts, including competitive, governmental, and legal limitations, natural disasters, and

other events, could impact costs, and future increases in the costs of these items, including through the adoption of new tariffs by the United States and other countries, could adversely affect our profitability, as there can be no assurance that future price increases will be successfully passed through to customers. Further, suppliers' inventories of certain components that our products require may be limited and are subject to acquisition by others. In the past, we have had to purchase quantities of certain components that are critical to our product manufacturing and were in excess of our estimated near-term requirements as a result of supplier delivery constraints and concerns over component availability, and we may need to do so in the future. As a result, we have had, and may need to continue, to devote additional working capital to support component and raw material inventory that may not be used over a reasonable period to produce saleable products, and we may be required to increase our excess and obsolete inventory reserves to provide for these excess quantities, particularly if demand for our products does not meet our expectations. Also, any shortages or interruptions in supply of our components or raw materials could disrupt our operations. If any of these events occur, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to balance customer demand and capacity and increased employee turnover could negatively impact our business.

In addition, as customer demand for our products changes, we must be able to adjust our production capacity, including increasing or decreasing our employee workforce, to meet demand. We are continually taking steps to address our manufacturing capacity needs for our products. If we are not able to increase or decrease our production capacity at our targeted rate or if there are unforeseen costs associated with adjusting our capacity levels, our ability to execute our operating plan could be adversely affected.

We have, from time to time, experienced increased employee turnover. The increased turnover has resulted in the loss of numerous long-term employees, along with their institutional knowledge and expertise, and the reallocation of certain employment responsibilities, all of which could adversely affect operational efficiencies, employee performance and retention. Such turnover has also placed a significant burden on our continuing employees, has resulted in higher recruiting expenses as we have sought to recruit and train employees, and introduced increased instability in our operations as responsibilities were reallocated to new or different employees. To the extent that we are unable to effectively reallocate employee responsibilities, retain key employees and reduce employee turnover, our operations and our ability to execute our operating plan could be adversely affected.

Our inability to attract and retain key employees, our reseller network members or manufacturer representative agencies could adversely affect our operations and our ability to execute on our operating plan and growth strategy.

We rely upon the knowledge, experience and skills of key employees throughout our organization, particularly our senior management team, our sales group that require technical knowledge or contacts in, and knowledge of, the LED industry and our innovation and engineering team. In addition, our ability to attract talented new employees, particularly in our sales group and our innovation and engineering team, is also critical to our success. We also depend on our distribution channels and network of manufacturer representative agencies. If we are unable to attract and retain key employees, resellers, and manufacturer representative agencies because of competition or, in the case of employees, inadequate compensation or other factors, our results of operations and our ability to execute our operating plan could be adversely affected.

If our information technology systems security measures are breached or fail, our products may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop buying our products, we may incur significant legal and financial exposure, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our information technology systems involve the storage of our confidential information and trade secrets as well as our customers’ personal and proprietary information in our equipment, networks and corporate systems. Security breaches expose us to a risk of loss of this information, litigation and increased costs for security measures, loss of revenue, damage to our reputation and potential liability. Security breaches or unauthorized access may in the future result in a combination of significant legal and financial exposure, increased remediation and other costs, theft and/or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information, damage to our reputation and a loss of confidence in the security of our products, services and networks that could have an adverse effect upon our business. We take steps to prevent unauthorized access to our corporate systems, however, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or sabotage systems change frequently or may be designed to remain dormant until a triggering event, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. Further, the risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks, or cyber intrusion,

including by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as cyber-attacks have become more prevalent and harder to detect and fight against. In addition, hardware, software or applications we procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise network and data security.

If our information technology systems fail, or if we experience an interruption in their operation, then our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

The efficient operation of our business is dependent on our information technology systems. We rely on those systems generally to manage the day-to-day operation of our business, manage relationships with our customers, maintain our research and development data and maintain our financial and accounting records. The failure of our information technology systems, our inability to successfully maintain, enhance and/or replace our information technology systems, or any compromise of the integrity or security of the data we generate from our information technology systems, could adversely affect our results of operations, disrupt our business and product development and make us unable, or severely limit our ability, to respond to customer demands. In addition, our information technology systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from:

Any interruption of our information technology systems could result in decreased revenue, increased expenses, increased capital expenditures, customer dissatisfaction and potential lawsuits, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Product liability claims could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We face exposure to product liability claims in the event that our energy management products fail to perform as expected or cause bodily injury or property damage. Since virtually all of our products use electricity, it is possible that our products could result in injury, whether by product malfunctions, defects, improper installation or other causes. Particularly because our products often incorporate new technologies or designs, we cannot predict whether or not product liability claims will be brought against us in the future or result in negative publicity about our business or adversely affect our customer relations. Moreover, we may not have adequate resources in the event of a successful claim against us. A successful product liability claim against us that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of our available insurance limits could require us to make significant payments of damages and could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our inability to protect our intellectual property, or our involvement in damaging and disruptive intellectual property litigation, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition or result in the loss of use of the product or service.

We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as employee and third-party nondisclosure and assignment agreements. Our failure to obtain or maintain adequate protection of our intellectual property rights for any reason could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We own United States patents and patent applications for some of our products, systems, business methods and technologies. We offer no assurance about the degree of protection which existing or future patents may afford us. Likewise, we offer no assurance that our patent applications will result in issued patents, that our patents will be upheld if challenged, that competitors will not develop similar or superior business methods or products outside the protection of our patents, that competitors will not infringe upon our patents, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our patents. Effective protection of our United States patents may be unavailable or limited in jurisdictions outside the United States, as the intellectual property laws of foreign countries sometimes offer

less protection or have onerous filing requirements. In addition, because some patent applications are maintained in secrecy for a period of time, we could adopt a technology without knowledge of a pending patent application, and such technology could infringe a third party’s patent.

We also rely on unpatented proprietary technology. It is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technology or otherwise learn of our unpatented technology. To protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information, we generally require employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. We cannot assure you that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information. If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies, our business could be materially adversely affected.

We rely on our trademarks, trade names, and brand names to distinguish our company and our products and services from our competitors. Some of our trademarks may conflict with trademarks of other companies. Failure to obtain trademark registrations could limit our ability to protect our trademarks and impede our sales and marketing efforts. Further, we cannot assure you that competitors will not infringe our trademarks, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.

In addition, third parties may bring infringement and other claims that could be time-consuming and expensive to defend. Also, parties making infringement and other claims may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief that could effectively block our ability to provide our products, services or business methods and could cause us to pay substantial damages. In the event of a successful claim of infringement, we may need to obtain one or more licenses from third parties, which may not be available at a reasonable cost, or at all. It is possible that our intellectual property rights may not be valid or that we may infringe upon existing or future proprietary rights of others. Any successful infringement claims could subject us to significant liabilities, require us to seek licenses on unfavorable terms, prevent us from manufacturing or selling products, services and business methods and require us to redesign or, in the case of trademark claims, re-brand our company or products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We are subject to financial and operating covenants in our credit agreement and any failure to comply with such covenants, or obtain waivers in the event of non-compliance, could limit our borrowing availability under the credit agreement, resulting in our being unable to borrow under our credit agreement and materially adversely impact our liquidity.

Our credit agreement with Western Alliance Bank contains provisions that limit our future borrowing availability and require us to maintain a minimum amount of cash on deposit and available borrowing capacity under such credit agreement as of the end of each month. The credit agreement also contains other customary covenants, including certain restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, consolidate or merge, enter into acquisitions, make investments, pay any dividend or distribution on our stock, redeem, repurchase or retire shares of our stock, or pledge or dispose of assets.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the financial and other covenants in our credit agreement. Our failure to comply with these covenants could cause us to be unable to borrow under the credit agreement and may constitute an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of the maturity of any indebtedness then outstanding under the credit agreement, which would require us to pay all amounts then outstanding. Such an event could materially adversely affect our financial condition and liquidity. Additionally, such events of non-compliance could impact the terms of any additional borrowings and/or any credit renewal terms. Any failure to comply with such covenants may be a disclosable event and may be perceived negatively. Such perception could adversely affect the market price for our common stock and our ability to obtain financing in the future.

Our retrofitting process frequently involves responsibility for the removal and disposal of components containing hazardous materials.

When we retrofit a customer’s facility, we typically assume responsibility for removing and disposing of its existing lighting fixtures. Certain components of these fixtures typically contain trace amounts of mercury and other hazardous materials. Older components may also contain trace amounts of polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs. We currently rely on contractors to remove the components containing such hazardous materials at the customer job site. The contractors then arrange for the disposal of such

components at a licensed disposal facility. Failure by such contractors to remove or dispose of the components containing these hazardous materials in a safe, effective and lawful manner could give rise to liability for us, or could expose our workers or other persons to these hazardous materials, which could result in claims against us which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows or reputation.

The cost of compliance with environmental laws and regulations and any related environmental liabilities could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.

Our operations are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing, among other things, emissions to air, discharge to water, the remediation of contaminated properties and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of, and exposure to, waste and other materials, as well as laws and regulations relating to occupational health and safety. These laws and regulations frequently change, and the violation of these laws or regulations can lead to substantial fines, penalties and other liabilities. The operation of our manufacturing facility entails risks in these areas and there can be no assurance that we will not incur material costs or liabilities in the future that could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.

Our corporate office building is currently listed for sale or lease; any sale of our building will likely result in a non-cash impairment charge.

We currently own, but have listed for sale or lease, our corporate office building in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. We evaluate long-lived assets, including property, plant, and equipment, for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets recognized in our financial statements may not be recoverable; as of March 31, 2019, the value of our long-lived assets was deemed recoverable. However, any sale of our building will likely result in a non-cash impairment charge, as the building is currently listed for below its net book value and, as a result, will have an adverse impact on our results of operations during the period the impairment charge is incurred.

We expect our quarterly revenue and operating results to fluctuate. If we fail to meet the expectations of market analysts or investors, the market price of our common stock could decline substantially, and we could become subject to securities litigation.

Our quarterly revenue and operating results have fluctuated in the past and will likely vary from quarter to quarter in the future. The results of one quarter are not an indication of our future performance. Our revenue and operating results may fall below the expectations of market analysts or investors in some future quarter or quarters. Our failure to meet these expectations could cause the market price of our common stock to decline substantially. If the price of our common stock is volatile or falls significantly below our current price, we may be the target of securities litigation. If we become involved in this type of litigation, regardless of the outcome, we could incur substantial legal costs, management’s attention could be diverted from the operation of our business, and our reputation could be damaged, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our net operating loss carry-forwards provide a future benefit only if we are profitable and may be subject to limitation based upon ownership changes.

We have significant federal net operating loss carry-forwards and state net operating loss carry-forwards. While our federal and state net operating loss carry-forwards are fully reserved for, if we are unable to return to and maintain profitability, we may not be able to fully utilize these tax benefits. Furthermore, generally a change of more than 50% in the ownership of a company’s stock, by value, over a three-year period constitutes an ownership change for federal income tax purposes. An ownership change may limit a company’s ability to use its net operating loss carry-forwards attributable to the period prior to such change. As a result, our ability to use our net operating loss carry-forwards attributable to the period prior to such ownership change to offset taxable income will be subject to limitations in a particular year, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability for us.

If we fail to establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, our business and financial results could be harmed.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that we would prevent or detect a misstatement of our financial statements or fraud. As of March 31, 2019, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our internal controls were designed and operating effectively. The material weaknesses previously identified as of March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 were the result of operating ineffectiveness of controls related to management's review over the accounting close process, contract costs, and forecasts used to support certain fair value estimates. The material weaknesses were not fully remedied as of March 31, 2018, but were remediated as of March 31, 2019. There can be no assurance that we will not experience another material weakness in the future. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting could limit our ability to report our financial results accurately and in a timely manner or to detect and prevent fraud, could result in a restatement of our financial statements, and could also cause a loss of investor confidence and decline in the market price of our common stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will continue to depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about our business or us. If these analysts do not continue to provide adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

The market price of our common stock could be adversely affected by future sales of our common stock in the public market by us or our executive officers and directors.

We and our executive officers and directors may from time to time sell shares of our common stock in the public market or otherwise. We cannot predict the size or the effect, if any, that future sales of shares of our common stock by us or our executive officers and directors, or the perception of such sales, would have on the market price of our common stock.

We are not currently paying dividends and will likely continue not paying dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our existing revolving credit agreement restrict the payment of cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. The restriction on and decision not to pay dividends may impact our ability to attract investors and raise funds, if necessary, in the capital markets.

Anti-takeover provisions included in the Wisconsin Business Corporation Law, provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation or bylaws and the common share purchase rights that accompany shares of our common stock could delay or prevent a change of control of our company, which could adversely impact the value of our common stock and may prevent or frustrate attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current board of directors or management.

A change of control of our company may be discouraged, delayed or prevented by certain provisions of the Wisconsin Business Corporation Law. These provisions generally restrict a broad range of business combinations between a Wisconsin corporation and a shareholder owning 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. These and other provisions in our amended and restated articles of incorporation, including our staggered board of directors and our ability to issue “blank check” preferred stock, as well as the

provisions of our amended and restated bylaws and Wisconsin law, could make it more difficult for shareholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are opposed by the then-current board of directors, including to delay or impede a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving our company.

Each currently outstanding share of our common stock includes, and each newly issued share of our common stock will include, a common share purchase right. The rights are attached to, and trade with, the shares of common stock and generally are not exercisable. The rights will become exercisable if a person or group acquires, or announces an intention to acquire, 20% or more of our outstanding common stock. The rights have some anti-takeover effects and generally will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire control of us without conditioning the offer on either redemption of the rights or amendment of the rights to prevent this dilution. The rights could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control.

In addition, our employment arrangements with senior management provide for severance payments and accelerated vesting of benefits, including accelerated vesting of stock options and restricted stock awards, upon a change of control and a subsequent qualifying termination. These provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby adversely affecting the market price of our common stock. These provisions may also discourage or prevent a change of control or result in a lower price per share paid to our shareholders.

On March 31, 2016, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a third party to sell and leaseback our manufacturing and distribution facility located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The transaction closed on June 30, 2016. Pursuant to the agreement, a lease was entered into on June 30, 2016, in which we are leasing approximately 197,000 square feet of the building for not less than three years. The lease contains options by either party to reduce the amount of leased space after March 1, 2017. On March 22, 2018, we renewed the lease for our manufacturing and distribution facility for an additional 18 months until December 31, 2020.

We own our approximately 70,000 square foot technology center and corporate headquarters adjacent to our leased Manitowoc manufacturing and distribution facility, of which we sub-lease a portion to third parties. We also lease 10,500 square feet of office space in Jacksonville, Florida.

In fiscal 2018, we did not renew the leases for our 5,600 square foot of office space in Houston, Texas and our 3,100 square foot of office space in Chicago, Illinois. The leases terminated as of April 30, 2018 and May 31, 2018, respectively.

We are subject to various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. As of the date of this report, we are unable to currently assess whether the final resolution of any of such claims or legal proceedings may have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations. In addition to ordinary-course litigation, we were a party to the proceedings described below.

On November 10, 2017, a purported shareholder, Stephen Narten, filed a civil lawsuit in the Circuit Court for Manitowoc County against those individuals who served on our board of directors during fiscal years 2015, 2016, and 2017 and certain current and former officers during the same period. The plaintiff, who purported to bring the suit derivatively on behalf of us, alleged that the director defendants breached their fiduciary duties in connection with granting certain stock-based incentive awards under our 2004 Stock and Incentive Awards Plan and that the directors and current and former officers breached their fiduciary duties by accepting those awards. During the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the parties reached a settlement of the claims and the case was dismissed. The settlement did not have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Shares of our common stock are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “OESX”.

As of May 31, 2019, there were approximately 210 record holders of the 29,601,669 outstanding shares of our common stock. The number of record holders does not include shareholders for whom shares are held in a “nominee” or “street” name.

We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our existing credit agreement restrict the payment of cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions (including those under our loan agreements) and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant.

The following table represents shares outstanding under our 2003 Stock Option Plan, our 2004 Stock and Incentive Awards Incentive Plan, and our 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan as of March 31, 2019.

We did not purchase shares of our common stock during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

We did not make any unregistered sales of our common stock during the year ended March 31, 2019 that were not previously disclosed in a Quarterly Report on form 10-Q or a current report on Form 8-K during such period.

The following graph shows the total shareholder return of an investment of $100 in cash on March 31, 2014 through March 31, 2019, for (1) our common stock, (2) the Russell 2000 Index and (3) The NASDAQ Clean Edge Green Energy Index. Data for the Russell 2000 Index and the NASDAQ Clean Edge Green Energy Index assume reinvestment of dividends. The stock price performance graph should not be deemed filed or incorporated by reference into any other filing made by us under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate the stock performance graph by reference in another filing.

You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this report. The selected historical consolidated financial data are not necessarily indicative of future results.

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Consolidated statements of operations data:
Product revenue	$	56,261		$	55,595		$	66,224		$	64,897		$	65,881
Service revenue		9,493			4,705			3,987			2,745			6,329
Total revenue		65,754			60,300			70,211			67,642			72,210
Cost of product revenue (1)(2)		44,111			41,415			49,630			49,630			68,388
Cost of service revenue		7,091			4,213			3,244			2,015			4,959
Total cost of revenue		51,202			45,628			52,874			51,645			73,347
Gross profit		14,552			14,672			17,337			15,997			(1,137	)
General and administrative expenses (1)(3)		10,231			13,159			14,777			16,884			14,908
Impairment of assets (4)		—			710			250			6,023			—
Acquisition and integration related expenses (5)		—			—			—			—			47
Sales and marketing expenses (1) (5)		9,104			11,879			12,833			11,343			13,290
Research and development expenses (1) (6)		1,374			1,905			2,004			1,668			2,554
Loss from operations		(6,157	)		(12,981	)		(12,527	)		(19,921	)		(31,936	)
Other income		80			248			215			—			—
Interest expense		(493	)		(333	)		(163	)		(297	)		(376	)
Amortization of debt issue costs		(101	)		(92	)		(110	)		—			—
Dividend and interest income		11			15			36			128			300
Loss before income tax		(6,660	)		(13,143	)		(12,549	)		(20,090	)		(32,012	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		14			(15	)		(261	)		36			49
Net loss	$	(6,674	)	$	(13,128	)	$	(12,288	)	$	(20,126	)	$	(32,061	)
Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.46	)	$	(0.44	)	$	(0.73	)	$	(1.43	)
Diluted	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.46	)	$	(0.44	)	$	(0.73	)	$	(1.43	)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic		29,430			28,784			28,156			27,628			22,353
Diluted		29,430			28,784			28,156			27,628			22,353

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
	2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
	(in thousands)
Cost of product revenue	$	2	$	12	$	30	$	36	$	50
Cost of service revenue		3		—		—		—		—
General and administrative expenses		764		929		1,337		1,148		1,056
Sales and marketing expenses		54		155		139		235		360
Research and development expenses		2		6		99		43		33
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	825	$	1,102	$	1,605	$	1,462	$	1,499

	As of March 31,
	2019		2018		2017			2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Consolidated balance sheet data:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,729	$	9,424	$	17,307		$	15,542		$	20,002
Total assets		56,021		45,325		62,051			70,875			87,805
Long term borrowings		9,283		4,013		6,819			4,021			3,222
Shareholder notes receivable		—		—		(4	)		(4	)		(4	)
Total shareholders’ equity		17,970		23,424		35,450			45,983			64,511

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. See also “Forward-Looking Statements” and Item 1A “Risk Factors”.

We generally do not have long-term contracts with our customers that provide us with recurring revenue from period to period and we typically generate substantially all of our revenue from sales of lighting systems and related services to governmental, commercial and industrial customers on a project-by-project basis. We also perform work under global services or product purchasing agreements with major customers with sales completed on a purchase order basis. The loss of, or substantial reduction in sales to, any of our significant customers, or our current single largest customer, or the termination or delay of a significant volume of purchase orders by one or more key customers, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any given future period.

We typically sell our lighting systems in replacement of our customers’ existing fixtures. We call this replacement process a "retrofit". We frequently engage our customer’s existing electrical contractor to provide installation and project management services. We also sell our lighting systems on a wholesale basis, principally to electrical distributors and ESCOs to sell to their own customer bases.

Our fiscal year ends on March 31. We refer to our just completed fiscal year, which ended on March 31, 2019, as "fiscal 2019", and our prior fiscal year which ended on March 31, 2018 as "fiscal 2018". Our fiscal first quarter of each fiscal year ends on June 30, our fiscal second quarter ends on September 30, our fiscal third quarter ends on December 31 and our fiscal fourth quarter ends on March 31.

Orion has three reportable segments: Orion Engineered Systems Division ("OES"), and Orion Distribution Services Division ("ODS"), and Orion U.S. Markets Division (“USM”).

The market shift in the past several years in the lighting industry from legacy lighting products to LED lighting products has caused us to adopt new strategies, approaches and processes in order to respond proactively to this industry transition. These changing underlying business fundamentals in this transition include:

As we continue to focus our primary business on selling our LED product lines to respond to the rapidly changing market dynamics in the lighting industry, we face intense competition from an increased number of other LED product companies, a number of which have substantially greater resources and more experience and history with LED lighting products than we do.

During fiscal 2019, we signed a series of contracts to retrofit multiple locations for a major national account customer with our state-of-the-art LED lighting systems and wireless IoT enabled control solutions at locations nationwide. We currently expect total revenue from the customer to be approximately $110 million, dependent on purchase orders, the majority of which we expect to be recognized during fiscal 2020.

Our ability to achieve our desired revenue growth and profitability goals depends on our ability to effectively execute on the following key strategic initiatives:

Focus on executing and marketing our turnkey LED retrofit capabilities to large national account customers. We believe one of our competitive advantages is our ability to deliver full turnkey LED lighting project capabilities. These turnkey services were the principal reason we obtained our $110 million revenue commitment to retrofit multiple locations for a major national account customer. Our success in the national account market segment centers on our turnkey design, engineering, manufacturing and project

management capabilities, which represent a very clear competitive advantage for us among large enterprises seeking to benefit from the illumination benefits and energy savings of LED lighting across locations nationwide. Few LED lighting providers are organized to serve every step of a custom retrofit project in a comprehensive, non-disruptive and timely fashion, from custom fixture design and initial site surveys to final installations. Incrementally, we are also able to help customers deploy state-of-the-art control systems that provide even greater long-term value from their lighting system investments.

Looking forward, we are focused on continuing to successfully execute on existing national account opportunities while also actively pursuing new national account opportunities that leverage our customized, comprehensive turnkey project solutions, and expanding our addressable market with high-quality, basic lighting systems to meet the needs of value-oriented customer segments served by our other market channels. Given our unique value proposition, capabilities and focus on customer service, we are optimistic about our business prospects and working to build sales momentum with existing and new customers.

Tariffs and Trade Policies. The United States government has been implementing various monetary, regulatory, and trade importation restraints, penalties, and tariffs. Certain sourced finished products and certain of the components used in our products have been impacted by the recently imposed tariffs on China imports. Our efforts to mitigate the impact of added costs resulting from these government actions include a variety of activities, such as sourcing from non-tariff impacted countries and raising prices. If we are unable to successfully mitigate the impacts of these tariffs and other trade policies, our results of operations may be adversely affected. We believe that these mitigation activities will assist to offset added costs, and we currently believe that such tariffs will have a limited adverse financial effect on our results of operations. Any future policy changes that may be implemented could have a positive or negative consequence on our financial performance depending on how the changes would influence many factors, including business and consumer sentiment.

The following table sets forth the line items of our consolidated statements of operations and as a relative percentage of our total revenue for each applicable period, together with the relative percentage change in such line item between applicable comparable periods (in thousands, except percentages):

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
	2019			2018						2019			2018
	Amount			Amount			% Change			% of Revenue			% of Revenue
Product revenue	$	56,261		$	55,595			1.2	%		85.6	%		92.2	%
Service revenue		9,493			4,705			101.8	%		14.4	%		7.8	%
Total revenue		65,754			60,300			9.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of product revenue		44,111			41,415			6.5	%		67.1	%		68.7	%
Cost of service revenue		7,091			4,213			68.3	%		10.8	%		7.0	%
Total cost of revenue		51,202			45,628			12.2	%		77.9	%		75.7	%
Gross profit		14,552			14,672			(0.8	)%		22.1	%		24.3	%
General and administrative expenses		10,231			13,159			(22.3	)%		15.6	%		21.8	%
Impairment of intangible assets		—			710		NM				0.0	%		1.2	%
Sales and marketing expenses		9,104			11,879			(23.4	)%		13.8	%		19.7	%
Research and development expenses		1,374			1,905			(27.9	)%		2.1	%		3.1	%
Loss from operations		(6,157	)		(12,981	)		(52.6	)%		(9.4	)%		(21.5	)%
Other income		80			248			(67.7	)%		0.1	%		0.4	%
Interest expense		(493	)		(333	)		48.0	%		(0.7	)%		(0.6	)%
Amortization of debt issue costs		(101	)		(92	)		9.8	%		(0.2	)%		(0.2	)%
Interest income		11			15			(26.7	)%		0.0	%		—	%
Loss before income tax		(6,660	)		(13,143	)		49.3	%		(10.0	)%		(21.7	)%
Income tax expense (benefit)		14			(15	)	NM				0.1	%		—	%
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$	(6,674	)	$	(13,128	)		49.2	%		(10.1	)%		(21.7	)%

Revenue. Product revenue increased 1.2%, or $0.7 million, for fiscal 2019 versus fiscal 2018. The increase in product revenue was primarily a result of higher sales volume through our national account channel, and primarily the result of a major retrofit project for multiple locations for one of our national account customers. The contractual commitments from this customer will result in substantially higher revenue for us in fiscal 2020. Service revenue increased 101.8%, or $4.8 million, primarily due to higher sales volume through our national account channel and the timing of project installations. Total revenue increased by 9.0%, or $5.5 million, due to the items discussed above. Excluding the impact of the adoption of ASC 606, Product revenue increased 5.1%, or $2.9 million, Service revenue increased 56.2%, or $2.6 million, and Total revenue increased 9.1%, or $5.5 million, compared to fiscal year 2018.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin. Cost of product revenue increased 6.5%, or $2.7 million, in fiscal 2019 versus the comparable period in fiscal 2018 primarily due to the increase in sales. Cost of service revenue increased 68.3%, or $2.9 million, in fiscal 2019 versus fiscal 2018 primarily due to the increase in service revenue. Gross margin decreased from 24.3% of revenue in fiscal 2018 to 22.1% in fiscal 2019, primarily due to our product mix on higher sales to one large national account customer. Excluding the impact of the adoption of ASC 606, gross margin for fiscal 2019 was 24.4%.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased 22.3%, or $2.9 million, in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to $1.8 million in employee separation costs incurred in fiscal 2018, offset by the release of a $1.4 million loss contingency accrual, which did not recur in fiscal 2019, as well as reduced employee costs and consulting expense as a result of our prior year cost reduction plan.

Impairment of assets. No impairment charge was recorded in fiscal 2019. During fiscal 2018, we performed a review of our definite and indefinite-lived tangible and intangible assets for impairment. In conjunction with this review, we determined that the carrying value of our Harris trade name intangible asset exceeded its fair value. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $0.7 million in fiscal 2018.

Sales and Marketing. Our sales and marketing expenses decreased 23.4%, or $2.8 million, in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. Excluding the impact of the adoption of ASC 606, Sales and marketing expenses decreased 11.1%, or $1.3 million, in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. The decrease year over year was primarily due to reduced employee costs due to the impact of our prior year cost reduction plan, and lower travel and entertainment and marketing expenses.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses decreased by 27.9%, or $0.5 million in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 primarily due to lower employee costs as a result of our prior year cost reduction plan, as well as a decrease in testing costs based on timing of new product rollouts and reduced consulting expenses.

Other income. Other income in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 represented product royalties received from licensing agreements for our patents.

Interest Expense. Interest expense in fiscal 2019 increased by 48.0%, or $0.2 million, from fiscal 2018. The increase in interest expense was due to increased third party financing costs related to the sale of receivables.

Amortization of debt issue costs. Amortization of debt issue costs in fiscal 2019 increased 9.8%, or $9 thousand from fiscal 2018. The increase is due to the execution of our new revolving credit facility.

Interest Income. Interest income in fiscal 2019 remained relatively flat compared to fiscal 2018. Interest income relates to interest earned on sweep bank accounts.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense in fiscal 2019 increased immaterially from fiscal 2018. Both periods include income tax expense for minimum state tax liabilities. In fiscal 2018 we received refunds from previously filed tax returns. In both periods, the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on tax expense was immaterial due to the full valuation allowance.

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
	2018			2017						2018			2017
	Amount			Amount			% Change			% of Revenue			% of Revenue
Product revenue	$	55,595		$	66,224			(16.1	)%		92.2	%		94.3	%
Service revenue		4,705			3,987			18.0	%		7.8	%		5.7	%
Total revenue		60,300			70,211			(14.1	)%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of product revenue		41,415			49,630			(16.6	)%		68.7	%		70.7	%
Cost of service revenue		4,213			3,244			29.9	%		7.0	%		4.6	%
Total cost of revenue		45,628			52,874			(13.7	)%		75.7	%		75.3	%
Gross profit		14,672			17,337			(15.4	)%		24.3	%		24.7	%
General and administrative expenses		13,159			14,777			(10.9	)%		21.8	%		21.0	%
Impairment of assets		710			250		NM				1.2	%		0.3	%
Sales and marketing expenses		11,879			12,833			(7.4	)%		19.7	%		18.3	%
Research and development expenses		1,905			2,004			(4.9	)%		3.1	%		2.9	%
Loss from operations		(12,981	)		(12,527	)		(3.6	)%		(21.5	)%		(17.8	)%
Other income		248			215			15.3	%


Wisconsin		39-1847269
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2210 Woodland Drive, Manitowoc, WI		54220

(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol (s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, no par value	OESX	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Capital Market)
Common stock purchase rights		The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Capital Market)

	Page
PART I
Item 1 Business	6
Item 1A Risk Factors	14
Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments	24
Item 2 Properties	24
Item 3 Legal Proceedings	24
Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures	25
PART II
Item 5 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	25
Item 6 Selected Financial Data	27
Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	46
Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	47
Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	84
Item 9A Controls and Procedures	84
Item 9B Other Information	86
PART III
Item 10 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	87
Item 11 Executive Compensation	87
Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters	87
Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	87
Item 14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services	87
PART IV
Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	88
Item 16 10-K Summary	90
Signatures	91

Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan Category	Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options and Vesting of Restricted Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options and Restricted Shares		Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuances Under the Equity Compensation Plans (1)
Equity Compensation plans approved by security holders		1,780,429	$	1.64		107,860
Equity Compensation plans not approved by security holders		—		—		—
Total		1,780,429	$	1.64		107,860

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐