<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0206</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>3</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2015-04-07</periodOfReport>

    <noSecuritiesOwned>0</noSecuritiesOwned>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001488613</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Foundation Medicine, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>FMI</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001408591</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>THIRD ROCK VENTURES LP</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>29 NEWBURY STREET, 3RD FLOOR</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BOSTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02116</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001578976</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Third Rock Ventures GP, L.P.</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>29 NEWBURY STREET, 3RD FLOOR</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BOSTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02116</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001578973</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>TRV GP, LLC</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>29 NEWBURY STREET, 3RD FLOOR</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BOSTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02116</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001180428</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>LEVIN MARK J</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>29 NEWBURY STREET, 3RD FLOOR</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BOSTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02116</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001192603</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>STARR KEVIN P</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>29 NEWBURY STREET, 3RD FLOOR</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BOSTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02116</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001192595</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>TEPPER ROBERT I</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>29 NEWBURY STREET, 3RD FLOOR</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BOSTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02116</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>828456</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>16859</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>2417</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>2936</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F5"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value></value>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Reflects shares held directly by Third Rock Ventures, L.P. (&quot;TRV&quot;).   Solely as a result of the Investor Rights Agreement filed as Exhibit 4.1 of the Form 8-K filed by Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 12, 2015, the Reporting Persons may be deemed to be part of a group including certain other parties to such Investor Rights Agreement and therefore be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the (a) 20,604,288 shares directly held by Roche Holdings, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Roche Holding Ltd (&quot;Roche&quot;), (b) 414,823 shares directly held by Roche Finance Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Roche and (c) 192,460 shares held by Google Ventures 2011, L.P.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The shares are directly held by TRV.  The general partner of TRV is Third Rock Ventures GP, L.P. (&quot;TRV GP&quot;).  The general partner of TRV GP is TRV GP, LLC (&quot;TRV GP LLC&quot;).  The individual managers of TRV GP LLC are Mark Levin (&quot;Levin&quot;), Kevin Starr (&quot;Starr&quot;) and Dr. Robert Tepper (&quot;Tepper&quot;) and, as such, each of TRV GP and TRV GP LLC, Levin, Starr and Tepper exercises shared voting and investment power over the shares held of record by TRV.  Each of the Reporting Persons disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein, if any.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">The shares are directly held by Levin.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">The shares are directly held by Starr.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F5">The shares are directly held by Tepper.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <remarks></remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Kevin Gillis, Chief Financial Officer of TRV GP, LLC, general partner of Third Rock Ventures GP, L.P., general partner of Third Rock Ventures, L.P.</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-04-22</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Kevin Gillis, Chief Financial Officer of TRV GP, LLC, general partner of Third Rock Ventures GP, L.P.</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-04-22</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Kevin Gillis, Chief Financial Officer of TRV GP, LLC</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-04-22</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Kevin Gillis by power of attorney for Mark Levin</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-04-22</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Kevin Gillis by power of attorney for Kevin Starr</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-04-22</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Kevin Gillis by power of attorney for Robert I. Tepper</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2015-04-22</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
