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Fair value of financial instruments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Fair value of financial instruments  
Fair value of financial instruments

8     Fair value of financial instruments

Pursuant to the accounting guidance for fair value measurement and its subsequent updates, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e. the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the use of observable market data when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on active market data. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into the three input levels summarized below:

Level 1 – Valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and readily accessible by the Company at the reporting date.

Level 2 – Valuations based on inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in active markets.

Level 3 – Valuations based on unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company has determined that the carrying values of its short-term financial assets and liabilities approximate their fair value given the short-term nature of these instruments.