10-Q

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from____________to____________

Commission file number 001-33812

________________________________________

MSCI INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

________________________________________

Delaware	13-4038723
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
7 World Trade Center 250 Greenwich Street, 49th Floor New York, New York	10007
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 804-3900

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	MSCI	New York Stock Exchange

________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  x  No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o
		Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

As of April 16, 2024, there were 79,224,201 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01, outstanding.

Table of Contents

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	Part I – Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for Periods Ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for Periods Ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Deficit) for Periods Ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Periods Ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
	1. Introduction and Basis of Presentation	9
	2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements	10
	3. Revenue Recognition	10
	4. Earnings Per Common Share	11
	5. Acquisitions	11
	6. Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net	13
	7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net	14
	8. Debt	15
	9. Leases	16
	10. Shareholders' Equity (Deficit)	17
	11. Income Taxes	18
	12. Segment Information	19
	13. Subsequent Events	22
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	41
	Part II – Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	42
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	42
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42
Item 5.	Other Information	42
Item 6.	Exhibits	43

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AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our corporate headquarters is located at 7 World Trade Center, 250 Greenwich Street, 49th Floor, New York, New York, 10007, and our telephone number is (212) 804-3900. We maintain a website on the internet at www.msci.com. The contents of our website are not a part of or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information that we file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. We also make available free of charge, on or through our website, these reports, proxy statements and other information as soon as reasonably practicable following the time they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. To access these, click on the “SEC Filings” link under the “Financial Information” tab found on our Investor Relations homepage (http://ir.msci.com).

We also use our Investor Relations homepage and our Corporate Responsibility homepage as channels of distribution of Company information. The information we post through these channels may be deemed material.

Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about us when you enroll your email address by visiting the “Email Alerts” section of our Investor Relations homepage at https://ir.msci.com/email-alerts. The contents of our website, including our Investor Relations homepage and Corporate Responsibility homepage, and our social media channels are not, however, a part of or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We have included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and from time to time may make in our public filings, press releases or other public statements, certain statements that constitute forward-looking statements. In addition, our management may make forward-looking statements to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and represent only MSCI’s beliefs regarding future events, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “may,” “could,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Statements concerning our financial position, business strategy and plans or objectives for future operations are forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are, in some cases, beyond our control and that could materially affect our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Such risks and uncertainties include those set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024. If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if MSCI’s underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary significantly from what MSCI projected. Any forward-looking statement reflects our current views with respect to future events, levels of activity, performance or achievements and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, results of operations, growth strategy and liquidity. The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the time they are made and do not necessarily reflect our outlook at any other point in time. MSCI assumes no obligation to publicly update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law. Therefore, readers should carefully review the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other reports or documents we file from time to time with the SEC.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements

MSCI INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(in thousands, except per share and share data)

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
(unaudited)	2024		2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash of $3,842 and $3,878 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	$	519,315	$	461,693
Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $4,326 and $3,968 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	745,611		839,555
Prepaid income taxes	44,027		59,002
Prepaid and other assets	55,964		57,903
Total current assets	1,364,917		1,418,153
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	55,802		55,920
Right of use assets	132,270		115,243
Goodwill	2,890,519		2,887,692
Intangible assets, net	948,479		956,234
Deferred tax assets	38,886		41,074
Other non-current assets	47,716		43,903
Total assets	$	5,478,589	$	5,518,219
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	12,048	$	9,812
Income taxes payable	44,733		24,709
Accrued compensation and related benefits	84,582		219,456
Current portion of long-term debt	—		10,902
Other accrued liabilities	173,628		168,282
Deferred revenue	1,053,961		1,083,864
Total current liabilities	1,368,952		1,517,025
Long-term debt	4,507,686		4,496,826
Long-term operating lease liabilities	135,043		120,134
Deferred tax liabilities	17,737		27,028
Other non-current liabilities	99,688		96,970
Total liabilities	6,129,106		6,257,983
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 8)
Shareholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock (par value $0.01; 100,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued)	—		—
Common stock (par value $0.01; 750,000,000 common shares authorized; 134,070,097 and 133,817,332 common shares issued and 79,224,049 and 79,091,212 common shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	1,341		1,338
Treasury shares, at cost (54,846,048 and 54,726,120 common shares held at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	(6,517,130)		(6,447,101)
Additional paid in capital	1,622,638		1,587,670
Retained earnings	4,306,191		4,179,681
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(63,557)		(61,352)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)	(650,517)		(739,764)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)	$	5,478,589	$	5,518,219

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

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MSCI INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(unaudited)	2024		2023
Operating revenues	$	679,965	$	592,218
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	128,514		108,647
Selling and marketing	72,168		66,475
Research and development	40,525		31,323
General and administrative	56,691		41,044
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and    leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460
Total operating expenses	340,583		277,616
Operating income	339,382		314,602
Interest income	(6,048)		(10,362)
Interest expense	46,674		46,206
Other expense (income)	2,863		2,386
Other expense (income), net	43,489		38,230
Income before provision for income taxes	295,893		276,372
Provision for income taxes	39,939		37,644
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	3.23	$	2.98
Diluted	$	3.22	$	2.97
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	79,195		80,041
Diluted	79,508		80,482

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

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MSCI INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(unaudited)	2024		2023
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2,542)		4,362
Income tax effect	329		(1,108)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	(2,213)		3,254
Pension and other post-retirement adjustments	21		(513)
Income tax effect	(13)		34
Pension and other post-retirement adjustments, net	8		(479)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(2,205)		2,775
Comprehensive income	$	253,749	$	241,503

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

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MSCI INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)	Common Stock		Treasury Stock		Additional Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	1,338	$	(6,447,101)	$	1,587,670	$	4,179,681	$	(61,352)	$	(739,764)
Net income							255,954				255,954
Dividends declared ($1.60 per common share)							(129,444)				(129,444)
Dividends paid in shares					74						74
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax									(2,205)		(2,205)
Common stock issued	3										3
Shares withheld for tax withholding			(69,991)								(69,991)
Compensation payable in common stock					34,894						34,894
Common stock repurchased and held in treasury											—
Common stock issued to Directors and    (held in)/released from treasury			(38)								(38)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	1,341	$	(6,517,130)	$	1,622,638	$	4,306,191	$	(63,557)	$	(650,517)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	1,336	$	(5,938,116)	$	1,515,874	$	3,473,192	$	(60,211)	$	(1,007,925)
Net income							238,728				238,728
Dividends declared ($1.38 per common share)							(111,986)				(111,986)
Dividends paid in shares					44						44
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax									2,775		2,775
Common stock issued	2										2
Shares withheld for tax withholding			(43,960)								(43,960)
Compensation payable in common stock					20,988						20,988
Common stock repurchased and held in treasury											—
Common stock issued to Directors and    (held in)/released from treasury			(30)								(30)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	1,338	$	(5,982,106)	$	1,536,906	$	3,599,934	$	(57,436)	$	(901,364)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

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MSCI INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(unaudited)	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667
Stock-based compensation expense	34,336		21,088
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460
Amortization of right of use assets	5,813		5,782
Amortization of debt origination fees	1,280		1,264
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,510		—
Deferred taxes	(7,625)		(2,254)
Other adjustments	(3,533)		3,906
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	91,109		22,489
Prepaid income taxes	14,874		3,396
Prepaid and other assets	1,427		(1,194)
Other non-current assets	73		(2,333)
Accounts payable	2,045		(6,327)
Income taxes payable	22,154		19,179
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(132,328)		(108,252)
Other accrued liabilities	3,086		8,305
Deferred revenue	(25,949)		34,427
Long-term operating lease liabilities	(5,666)		(5,047)
Other non-current liabilities	(1,108)		941
Other	—		(84)
Net cash provided by operating activities	300,137		264,141
Cash flows from investing activities
Capitalized software development costs	(19,966)		(15,351)
Capital expenditures	(4,271)		(6,225)
Acquisition of a business, net of cash acquired	(7,820)		—
Other	(276)		(186)
Net cash used in investing activities	(32,333)		(21,762)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury	(69,991)		(43,960)
Payment of dividends	(131,305)		(112,145)
Repayment of borrowings	(339,063)		(2,188)
Proceeds from borrowings	336,875		—
Payment of debt issuance costs	(3,739)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(207,223)		(158,293)
Effect of exchange rate changes	(2,959)		2,958
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	57,622		87,044
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	461,693		993,564
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	519,315	$	1,080,608
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	34,050	$	33,803
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received	$	11,393	$	18,965
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements in other accrued liabilities	$	2,668	$	5,156
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities
Cash dividends declared, but not yet paid	$	368	$	511

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

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MSCI INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

MSCI Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “MSCI”) is a leading provider of critical decision support tools and solutions for the global investment community. Our mission-critical offerings help investors address the challenges of a transforming investment landscape and power better investment decisions. Leveraging our knowledge of the global investment process and our expertise in research, data and technology, we enable our clients to understand and analyze key drivers of risk and return and confidently and efficiently build more effective portfolios. Our products and services include indexes; portfolio construction and risk management tools; environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) and climate solutions; and private asset data and analysis.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. If not materially different, certain note disclosures included therein have been omitted from these interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company makes certain estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of operating revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates and judgments made by management include such examples as assessment of impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and income taxes. The Company believes that estimates used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Concentrations

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) accounted for 10.0% and 10.2% of the Company’s consolidated operating revenues, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock accounted for 17.9% and 17.4% of the Index segment’s operating revenues, respectively. No single customer represented 10.0% or more of operating revenues within the Analytics, ESG and Climate or All Other – Private Assets segments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Changes in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2024 were as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,652
Addition to credit loss expense	2,196
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(880)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	3,968
Addition to credit loss expense	404
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(46)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	4,326

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2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-07. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 aim to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and subsequent interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-09. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 aim to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

MSCI’s operating revenues are reported by product type, which generally reflects the timing of recognition. The Company’s operating revenue types are recurring subscriptions, asset-based fees and non-recurring revenues. The Company also disaggregates operating revenues by segment.

The tables that follow present the disaggregated operating revenues for the periods indicated:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	212,952	$	160,551	$	76,418	$	63,134	$	513,055
Asset-based fees	150,259		—		—		—		150,259
Non-recurring	10,661		3,415		1,466		1,109		16,651
Total	$	373,872	$	163,966	$	77,884	$	64,243	$	679,965

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	196,678	$	144,503	$	65,732	$	38,334	$	445,247
Asset-based fees	133,126		—		—		—		133,126
Non-recurring	9,578		2,567		1,326		374		13,845
Total	$	339,382	$	147,070	$	67,058	$	38,708	$	592,218

The tables that follow present the change in accounts receivable, net of allowances, and current deferred revenue between the dates indicated:

(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2023)	$	839,555	$	1,083,864
Closing (March 31, 2024)	745,611		1,053,961
Increase/(decrease)	$	(93,944)	$	(29,903)

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(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2022)	$	663,236	$	882,886
Closing (March 31, 2023)	641,584		920,255
Increase/(decrease)	$	(21,652)	$	37,369

The amounts of revenues recognized in the periods that were included in the opening current deferred revenue, which reflects contract liability amounts, were $420.3 million and $356.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively. The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s deferred revenue was primarily driven by an increase in amortization of deferred revenue to operating revenues, partially offset by an increase in billings. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company carried a long-term deferred revenue balance of $28.2 million and $28.8 million, respectively, in “Other non-current liabilities” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

For contracts that have a duration of one year or less, the Company has not disclosed either the remaining performance obligation as of the end of the reporting period or when the Company expects to recognize the revenue. The remaining performance obligations for contracts that have a duration of greater than one year and the periods in which they are expected to be recognized are as follows:

	As of
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2024
First 12-month period	$	843,534
Second 12-month period	519,558
Third 12-month period	246,238
Periods thereafter	171,962
Total	$	1,781,292

4. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities, including, when applicable, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”) and performance stock options (“PSOs”).

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2024		2023
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	79,195		80,041
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs, RSUs and PSOs	313		441
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	79,508		80,482
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	3.23	$	2.98
Diluted	$	3.22	$	2.97

5. ACQUISITIONS

On October 2, 2023, the Company acquired the remaining 66.4% interest in The Burgiss Group, LLC (“Burgiss”) for $696.8 million in cash (the “step acquisition”). The Company’s existing 33.6% interest in Burgiss had a fair value at acquisition date of

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$353.2 million which resulted in a non-taxable gain of $143.0 million which the Company recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2023. The acquisition of Burgiss will provide the Company with comprehensive data and deep expertise in private assets, enabling investors to evaluate fundamental information, measure and compare performance, understand exposures, manage risk, and conduct robust analytics.

The step acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting and its results are reported within the Private Capital Solutions operating segment within the All Other – Private Assets reportable segment. With the step acquisition, the Company renamed the Burgiss operating segment to Private Capital Solutions. Prior to the step acquisition, Burgiss was accounted for as an equity-method investment. Therefore, MSCI did not recognize the proportionate share of Burgiss’ operating revenues, rather, the Company’s proportionate share of the income or loss of Burgiss was reported as a component of other (expense) income, net. A portion of Burgiss’s client agreements do not have automatic renewal clauses at the end of the subscription period. Due to the historically high retention rate and expectation that a substantial portion of the client agreements will be renewed and the nature of the subscription service, the associated revenue is recorded as recurring subscription revenue.

The table below represents the preliminary purchase price allocation to total assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the associated estimated useful lives as of the acquisition date.

(in thousands)	Estimated Useful Life	Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents		$	5,397
Accounts receivable		25,848
Prepaid Income Taxes		30
Other current assets		4,178
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		670
Right of use assets		3,443
Other non-current assets		471
Deferred revenue		(21,479)
Other current liabilities		(13,185)
Long-term operating lease liabilities		(2,525)
Intangible assets:
Proprietary data	11 years	229,900
Customer relationships	21 years	179,900
Acquired technology and software	3 years	19,000
Trademarks	1 year	900
Goodwill		617,386
Net assets acquired		$	1,049,934

The Company, with the assistance of third-party valuation experts, calculated the fair values of intangible assets using the relief from royalty method for proprietary data, acquired technology and software and trademarks and the multi-period excess earnings method for customer relationships. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the acquired intangible assets included forecasted cash flows, which were determined based on certain assumptions that included, among others, projected future revenues, and expected market royalty rates, technology obsolescence rates and discount rates. The weighted average amortization period of the acquired intangible assets was 14.8 years.

The recorded goodwill is primarily attributable to the utilization of the acquired data as well as expanded market opportunities. Goodwill attributable to the acquisition is deductible for federal income tax purposes to the extent of consideration paid.

Revenue of Burgiss recognized within the consolidated financial statements was $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

On November 1, 2023, MSCI completed the acquisition of Trove Research Ltd (“Trove”), a carbon markets intelligence provider. Trove is a part of the ESG and Climate operating segment.

On January 2, 2024, MSCI completed the acquisition of Fabric RQ, Inc. (“Fabric”), a wealth technology platform specializing in portfolio design, customization and analytics for wealth managers and advisors. Fabric is a part of the Analytics

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operating segment. The contingent consideration related to Fabric is payable based upon the future product sales of the acquired business.

The Company recognizes the fair value of contingent consideration at the date of acquisition at fair value. The liability associated with any contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date subsequent to the acquisition and changes in the fair value are recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table presents the preliminary acquired balances related to the acquisitions of Trove and Fabric:

(in thousands, except weighted average amortization period of intangible asset)	Trove		Fabric
Acquisition Date	November 1, 2023		January 2, 2024
Cash payments	$	37,473	$	7,959
Contingent consideration liability(1)	—		8,146
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,473	$	16,105
Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)	$	(4,787)	$	(226)
Intangible assets	7,705		11,300
Goodwill	34,555		5,031
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,473	$	16,105
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)	13.0		9.1

___________________________

(1)The fair value of the contingent consideration upon closing of the acquisition of Fabric was $8.1 million. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the contingent consideration was $8.3 million, of which $1.8 million is included in “Other accrued liabilities” and $6.5 million is included in “Other non-current liabilities” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, and is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

The recorded goodwill for Trove is primarily attributable to the utilization of the acquired data as well as expanded market opportunities and for Fabric is primarily attributable to the utilization of the acquired technology platform. Goodwill attributable to the acquisitions of Fabric and Trove are not deductible for federal income tax purposes.

Revenue of Trove and Fabric recognized within the consolidated financial statements was $1.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

6. PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Computer & related equipment	$	170,762	$	192,008
Furniture & fixtures	15,990		16,169
Leasehold improvements	56,636		58,582
Work-in-process	982		897
Subtotal	244,370		267,656
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(188,568)		(211,736)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	55,802	$	55,920

Depreciation and amortization expense of property, equipment and leasehold improvements was $4.1 million and $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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7. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

The following table presents goodwill by reportable segment:

(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2023	$	1,203,435	$	290,976	$	84,724	$	1,308,557	$	2,887,692
Acquisitions (1)	—		5,031		(357)		(1,030)		3,644
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(291)		—		(347)		(179)		(817)
Goodwill at March 31, 2024	$	1,203,144	$	296,007	$	84,020	$	1,307,348	$	2,890,519

___________________________

(1)Reflects the impact of the acquisitions of Fabric, Trove and Burgiss.

Intangible Assets, Net

The following table presents the amount of amortization expense related to intangible assets by category for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	$	25,267	$	15,831
Amortization expense of internally developed capitalized software	13,337		8,836
Total amortization of intangible assets expense	$	38,604	$	24,667

The gross carrying and accumulated amortization amounts related to the Company’s intangible assets were as follows:

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:		Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	710,995	$	(349,868)	$	361,127	$	709,299	$	(340,248)	$	369,051
Proprietary data	452,207		(74,675)		377,532		452,543		(64,694)		387,849
Acquired technology and software	238,285		(188,492)		49,793		228,785		(185,583)		43,202
Trademarks	209,090		(174,222)		34,868		209,090		(171,715)		37,375
Internally developed capitalized software	256,288		(131,129)		125,159		237,060		(118,303)		118,757
Total	$	1,866,865	$	(918,386)	$	948,479	$	1,836,777	$	(880,543)	$	956,234

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2024 and succeeding years:    

Years Ending December 31, (in thousands)	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2024	$	119,766
2025	134,968
2026	99,687
2027	71,025
2028	66,577
Thereafter	456,456
Total	$	948,479

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8. DEBT

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding an aggregate of $4,200.0 million in senior unsecured notes (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) and $336.9 million under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) as presented in the table below:

		Principal Amount Outstanding at		Carrying Value at		Carrying Value at		Fair Value at		Fair Value at
(in thousands)	Maturity Date	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Debt
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029	November 15, 2029	$	1,000,000	$	993,909	$	993,637	$	927,200	$	941,090
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030	September 1, 2030	900,000		895,752		895,587		799,911		815,526
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031	February 15, 2031	1,000,000		992,434		992,161		892,390		914,360
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031	November 1, 2031	600,000		595,017		594,852		521,682		529,458
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033	August 15, 2033	700,000		693,699		693,532		578,179		586,509
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027	February 16, 2027	—		—		337,959		—		337,367
Variable rate revolving loan commitments (1)	January 26, 2029	336,875		336,875		—		333,506		—
Total debt		$	4,536,875	$	4,507,686	$	4,507,728	$	4,052,868	$	4,124,310

___________________________

(1)As of March 31, 2024 there were $4.8 million in unamortized deferred financing fees associated with the variable rate revolving loan commitments of which $1.0 million is included in “Prepaid and other assets,” and $3.8 million is included in “Other non-current assets” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

Maturities of the Company’s principal debt payments as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

Maturity of Principal Debt Payments (in thousands)	Amounts
Remainder of 2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	—
2027	—
2028	—
Thereafter	4,536,875
Total debt	$	4,536,875

Interest payments attributable to the Company’s outstanding indebtedness are due as presented in the following table:

	Interest payment frequency	First interest payment date
Senior Notes and Revolving Loan Commitments
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029	Semi-Annual	May 15
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030	Semi-Annual	March 1
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031	Semi-Annual	June 1
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031	Semi-Annual	May 1
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033	Semi-Annual	February 15
Variable rate revolving loan commitments (1)	Variable	February 26

___________________________

(1)The first payment occurred on February 26, 2024.

The fair market value of the Company’s debt obligations represent Level 2 valuations. The Company utilized the market approach and obtained security pricing from a vendor who used broker quotes and third-party pricing services to determine fair values.

Credit Agreement. Since November 20, 2014, the Company has maintained a revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banks. On January 26, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), amending and restating in its entirety the Company’s prior Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Prior Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement makes available to the Company an aggregate of $1,250.0 million of revolving loan commitments under a

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revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which may be drawn until January 26, 2029. At the closing of the Credit Agreement, the Company drew $336.9 million on the Revolving Credit Facility and primarily used the proceeds to prepay all senior unsecured Tranche A Term Loans (the “Tranche A Term Loans”) under the term loan A facility (the “TLA Facility”) under the Prior Credit Agreement. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are general unsecured obligations of the Company. The prepayment of the Tranche A Term Loans and the entry into the Credit Agreement resulted in an approximately $1.5 million loss on extinguishment related to unamortized debt issuance costs. The loss on extinguishment was recorded in “Other expense (income)” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income.

Interest on the revolving loans under the Credit Agreement accrues, at a variable rate, based on the secured overnight funding rate (“SOFR”) or the alternate base rate (“Base Rate”), plus, in each case, an applicable margin to be determined based on the credit ratings of the Company’s senior, unsecured long-term debt and will be due on each Interest Payment Date (as defined in the Credit Agreement). So long as the credit rating for the Company’s senior, unsecured long-term debt is set at BBB-/BBB- by each of S&P and Fitch, respectively, the applicable margin is 0.50% for Base Rate loans, and 1.50% for SOFR loans. At March 31, 2024, the interest rate on the revolving loans was 6.93%.

Interest on the Tranche A Term Loans under the TLA Facility accrued, at a variable rate, based on the secured overnight funding rate (“SOFR”) or the alternate base rate (“Base Rate”), plus, in each case, an applicable margin and was due on each Interest Payment Date (as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement). The applicable margin was calculated by reference to the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and ranged between 1.50% to 2.00% for SOFR loans, and 0.50% to 1.00% for Base Rate loans.

In connection with the closings of the Senior Notes offerings, entry into the Prior Credit Agreement and the subsequent amendments thereto and entry into the Credit Agreement, the Company paid certain financing fees which, together with the existing fees related to prior credit facilities, are being amortized over their related lives. At March 31, 2024, $33.9 million of the deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized, $1.0 million of which is included in “Prepaid and other assets,” $3.8 million of which is included in “Other non-current assets” and $29.1 million of which is included in “Long-term debt” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

9. LEASES

The components of lease expense (income) of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating lease expenses	$	7,139	$	7,114
Variable lease costs	1,069		891
Short-term lease costs	215		251
Sublease income	(828)		(1,276)
Total lease costs	$	7,595	$	6,980

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Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating
(in thousands)	Leases
Remainder of 2024	$	21,777
2025	31,114
2026	29,499
2027	23,649
2028	23,095
Thereafter	51,854
Total lease payments	$	180,988
Less: Interest	(22,199)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	158,789
Other accrued liabilities	$	23,746
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	135,043

Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
Lease Term and Discount Rate	2024		2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	6.68		7.04
Weighted-average discount rate	3.94	%	3.66	%

Other information related to the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

Other Information	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	7,626	$	7,408
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new     operating lease liabilities	$	23,237	$	3,432

10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Return of capital

On July 28, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program (the “2022 Repurchase Program”) for the purchase of up to $1,000.0 million worth of shares of MSCI’s common stock in addition to the $539.1 million of authorization then remaining under a previously existing share repurchase program that was replaced by, and incorporated into, the 2022 Repurchase Program for a total of $1,539.1 million of stock repurchase authorization available under the 2022 Repurchase Program.

Share repurchases made pursuant to the 2022 Repurchase Program may take place in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time based on market and other conditions. This authorization may be modified, suspended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. As of March 31, 2024, there was $845.7 million of available authorization remaining under the 2022 Repurchase Program. The Company did not repurchase any of the Company’s common stock on the open market during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

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The following table presents dividends declared per common share as well as total amounts declared, distributed and deferred for the periods indicated:

	Dividends
(in thousands, except per share data)	Per Share		Declared		Distributed		(Released)/Deferred
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024	$	1.60	$	129,444	$	131,378	$	(1,934)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	$	1.38	$	111,986	$	112,189	$	(203)

Common Stock

The following table presents activity related to shares of common stock issued and repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Common Stock	Treasury	Common Stock
	Issued	Stock	Outstanding
Balance at December 31, 2023	133,817,332	(54,726,120)	79,091,212
Dividend payable/paid	61	—	61
Common stock issued	252,637	—	252,637
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(119,861)	(119,861)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	—	—
Shares issued to directors	67	(67)	—
Balance at March 31, 2024	134,070,097	(54,846,048)	79,224,049

11. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s provision for income taxes was $39.9 million and $37.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The effective tax rate of 13.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 reflects the Company’s estimate of the effective tax rate for the period and was impacted by certain favorable discrete items totaling $20.2 million, primarily related to $13.0 million of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested during the period and $7.2 million of tax benefits related to prior year items.

The effective tax rate of 13.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflects the Company’s estimate of the effective tax rate for the period and was impacted by certain favorable discrete items totaling $16.5 million, primarily related to $11.1 million of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested during the period and $4.6 million of tax benefits related to the resolution of prior year items.

The Company is under or open to examination by the IRS and other tax authorities in certain jurisdictions, including foreign jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, Switzerland and India, and states in the United States in which the Company has significant operations, such as New York and California. The tax years currently under or open to examination vary by jurisdiction but include years from 2008 onwards.

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of additional assessments in each of the taxing jurisdictions in which it files income tax returns. The Company has established unrecognized tax benefits that the Company believes are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. Once established, the Company adjusts unrecognized tax benefits only when more information is available or when an event occurs necessitating a change. Based on the current status of income tax audits, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized benefits may decrease by approximately $22.1 million in the next twelve months as a result of the resolution of prior year items.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company's unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $1.4 million principally due to the resolution of prior year items.

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12. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has five operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate, Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions, which are presented as the following four reportable segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate and All Other – Private Assets. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company renamed the Burgiss operating segment to Private Capital Solutions. The operating segments of Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of All Other – Private Assets reportable segment.

Prior to the step acquisition of Burgiss on October 2, 2023, the Company’s ownership interest in Burgiss was classified as an equity-method investment. Therefore, prior to the acquisition of Burgiss, the All Other – Private Assets segment did not include the Company’s proportionate share of operating revenues and Adjusted EBITDA related to Burgiss. The Company’s proportionate share of the income or loss from its equity-method investment in Burgiss was not a component of Adjusted EBITDA as it was reported as a component of other (expense) income, net. Following the acquisition, the consolidated results of Burgiss were included in the Company’s Private Capital Solutions operating segment.

The Index operating segment offers equity and fixed income indexes. The indexes are used in many areas of the investment process, including for developing indexed financial products (e.g., Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”), mutual funds, annuities, futures, options, structured products and over-the-counter derivatives), performance benchmarking, portfolio construction and rebalancing, and asset allocation.

The Analytics operating segment offers risk management, performance attribution and portfolio management content, applications and services that provide clients with an integrated view of risk and return and tools for analyzing market, credit, liquidity, counterparty and climate risk across all major asset classes, spanning short-, medium- and long-term time horizons. Clients access Analytics tools and content through MSCI’s proprietary applications and application programming interfaces, third-party applications or directly through their own platforms. Additionally, the Analytics operating segment also provides various managed services to help clients operate more efficiently, including consolidation of client portfolio data from various sources, review and reconciliation of input data and results, and customized reporting.

The ESG and Climate operating segment offers products and services that help institutional investors understand how ESG and climate considerations can impact the long-term risk and return of their portfolio and individual security-level investments. In addition, the ESG and Climate operating segment provides data, ratings, research and tools to help investors navigate increasing regulation, meet new client demands and better integrate ESG and climate elements into their investment processes.

The Real Assets operating segment offers data, benchmarks, return-analytics, climate assessments and market insights for tangible assets such as real estate and infrastructure. In addition, Real Assets performance and risk analytics range from enterprise-wide to property-specific analysis. The Real Assets operating segment also provides business intelligence products to real estate owners, managers, developers and brokers worldwide.

The Private Capital Solutions operating segment offers a suite of tools to help private asset investors across mission-critical workflows, such as sourcing terms and conditions, evaluating operating performance of underlying portfolio companies, managing risk and other activities supporting private capital investing.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) measures and evaluates reportable segments based on segment operating revenues as well as Adjusted EBITDA and other measures. The Company excludes the following items from segment Adjusted EBITDA: provision for income taxes, other expense (income), net, depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, amortization of intangible assets and, at times, certain other transactions or adjustments, including certain acquisition-related integration and transaction costs, that the CODM does not consider for the purposes of making decisions to allocate resources among segments or to assess segment performance. Although these amounts are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA, they are included in reported consolidated net income and are included in the reconciliation that follows.

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The following table presents operating revenues by reportable segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating revenues
Index	$	373,872	$	339,382
Analytics	163,966		147,070
ESG and Climate	77,884		67,058
All Other - Private Assets	64,243		38,708
Total	$	679,965	$	592,218

The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Index Adjusted EBITDA	$	277,760	$	253,682
Analytics Adjusted EBITDA	72,212		60,780
ESG and Climate Adjusted EBITDA	21,091		17,876
All Other - Private Assets Adjusted EBITDA	12,510		12,391
Total operating segment profitability	383,573		344,729
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460
Acquisition-related integration and transaction costs(1)	1,506		—
Operating income	339,382		314,602
Other expense (income), net	43,489		38,230
Provision for income taxes	39,939		37,644
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728

___________________________

(1)Represents transaction expenses and other costs directly related to the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses, including professional fees, severance expenses, regulatory filing fees and other costs, in each case that are incurred no later than 12 months after the close of the relevant acquisition.

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Operating revenues by geography are primarily based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents operating revenues by geographic area for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating revenues
Americas:
United States	$	280,675	$	238,416
Other	30,358		27,536
Total Americas	311,033		265,952
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”):
United Kingdom	113,294		91,660
Other	151,684		138,319
Total EMEA	264,978		229,979
Asia & Australia:
Japan	26,573		26,017
Other	77,381		70,270
Total Asia & Australia	103,954		96,287
Total	$	679,965	$	592,218

Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, right of use assets and internally developed capitalized software, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Long-lived assets
Americas:
United States	$	231,650	$	204,238
Other	11,068		11,585
Total Americas	242,718		215,823
EMEA:
United Kingdom	17,913		18,403
Other	20,840		22,072
Total EMEA	38,753		40,475
Asia & Australia:
Japan	1,143		1,321
Other	29,524		31,507
Total Asia & Australia	30,667		32,828
Total	$	312,138	$	289,126

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13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 22, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share for the three months ending June 30, 2024 (“second quarter 2024”). The second quarter 2024 dividend is payable on May 31, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of trading on May 17, 2024.

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Form 10-K”). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in “Item 1A.—Risk Factors,” in our Form 10-K.

Except as the context otherwise indicates, the terms “MSCI,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to MSCI Inc., together with its subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a leading provider of critical decision support tools and solutions for the global investment community. Our mission-critical offerings help investors address the challenges of a transforming investment landscape and power better investment decisions. Leveraging our knowledge of the global investment process and our expertise in research, data and technology, we enable our clients to understand and analyze key drivers of risk and return and confidently and efficiently build more effective portfolios. The Company has five operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate, Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions (formerly Burgiss), which are presented as the following four reportable segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate and All Other – Private Assets.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we renamed the The Burgiss Group, LLC (“Burgiss”) operating segment to Private Capital Solutions. The operating segments of Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of the All Other – Private Assets reportable segment.

Our growth strategy includes: (a) extending leadership in research-enhanced content across asset classes, (b) leading the enablement of ESG and climate investment integration, (c) enhancing distribution and content-enabling technology, (d) expanding solutions that empower client customization, (e) strengthening client relationships and growing into strategic partnerships with clients and (f) executing strategic relationships and acquisitions with complementary data, content and technology companies. For more information about our Company’s operations, see “Item 1: Business” in our Form 10-K.

As of March 31, 2024, we served approximately 6,9001 clients in more than 95 countries.

Our principal business model is generally to license annual, recurring subscriptions for the majority of our Index, Analytics and ESG and Climate products and services for a fee due in advance of the service period. Private Assets products are also licensed annually through subscriptions, which are generally recurring, for a fee which is paid in advance when products are generally delivered ratably over the subscription period or in arrears after the product is delivered. A portion of our fees comes from clients who use our indexes as the basis for index-linked investment products. Such fees are primarily based on a client’s assets under management (“AUM”), trading volumes and fee levels.

In evaluating our financial performance, we focus on revenue and profit growth, including results accounted for under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) as well as non-GAAP measures, for the Company as a whole and by operating segment.

We present revenues disaggregated by types and by segments, which represent our major product lines. We also review expenses by activity, which provides more transparency into how resources are being deployed. In addition, we utilize operating metrics including Run Rate, subscription sales and Retention Rate to manage and assess performance and to provide deeper insights into the recurring portion of our business.

In the discussion that follows, we provide certain variances excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and acquisitions. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations reflect the difference between the current period results as reported compared to the current period results recalculated using the foreign currency exchange rates in effect for the comparable prior period. While operating revenues adjusted for the impact of foreign currency fluctuations includes asset-based fees that have been adjusted for the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, the underlying AUM, which is the primary component of asset-based fees, is not adjusted for foreign currency fluctuations. Approximately three-fifths of the AUM is invested in securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and accordingly, any such impact is excluded from the disclosed foreign currency-adjusted variances.

1 Represents the aggregate of all related clients under their respective parent entity. At acquisition, we align an acquired Company’s client count to our methodology.

23

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our largest client organization by revenue, BlackRock, accounted for 10.0% of our consolidated operating revenues, with 95.7% of the operating revenues from BlackRock coming from fees based on the assets in BlackRock’s ETFs and non-ETF products that are based on our indexes.

The discussion of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are presented below. The results of operations for interim periods may not be indicative of future results.

Factors Affecting the Comparability of Results

Acquisitions of Burgiss, Trove and Fabric

On October 2, 2023, the Company acquired the remaining 66.4% interest in Burgiss for $696.8 million in cash. The Company’s existing 33.6% interest had a fair value at acquisition date of $353.2 million which resulted in a non-taxable gain of $143.0 million for the three months ending December 31, 2023.

Prior to the acquisition, the Company’s ownership interest in Burgiss was classified as an equity-method investment. Therefore, the All Other – Private Assets segment did not include the Company’s proportionate share of operating revenues and Adjusted EBITDA related to Burgiss. The Company’s proportionate share of the income or loss from its equity-method investment in Burgiss was reported as a component of other (expense) income, net.

Following the acquisition, the consolidated results of Burgiss are included in the Company’s Private Capital Solutions operating segment (formerly known as Burgiss), which is combined and presented as part of the All Other – Private Assets reportable segment. See Note 5, “Acquisitions,” and Note 12, “Segment Information” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information on the acquisition of Burgiss.

On November 1, 2023 MSCI completed the acquisition of Trove Research Ltd (“Trove”), a carbon markets intelligence provider for approximately $37.5 million in cash. Trove is a part of the ESG and Climate operating segment.

On January 2, 2024 MSCI completed the acquisition of Fabric RQ, Inc. (“Fabric”), a wealth technology platform specializing in portfolio design, customization and analytics for wealth managers and advisors for approximately $8.0 million in cash and contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $8.1 million that is payable based on future sales of Fabric’s products. Fabric is a part of the Analytics operating segment.

Results of Operations

Operating Revenues

Our operating revenues are grouped by the following types: recurring subscriptions, asset-based fees and non-recurring. We also group operating revenues by major product or reportable segment as follows: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate and All Other – Private Assets.

The following table presents operating revenues by type for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Recurring subscriptions	$	513,055	$	445,247	15.2	%
Asset-based fees	150,259		133,126		12.9	%
Non-recurring	16,651		13,845		20.3	%
Total operating revenues	$	679,965	$	592,218	14.8	%

Total operating revenues increased 14.8%. Adjusting for the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and acquisitions, total operating revenues would have increased 10.3%.

Operating revenues from recurring subscriptions increased 15.2%, driven by growth in All Other – Private Assets which increased $24.8 million, or 64.7% and included $24.2 million of Burgiss revenue, Index products, which increased $16.3 million, or 8.3%, and strong growth in both Analytics products, which increased $16.0 million, or 11.1%, and ESG and Climate products, which increased $10.7 million, or 16.3%. Adjusting for the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and acquisitions, operating revenues from recurring subscriptions would have increased 9.3%.

24

Operating revenues from asset-based fees increased 12.9%, mainly driven by growth in revenues from ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes and non-ETF indexed funds linked to MSCI indexes, partially offset by a decrease in revenue from exchange traded futures and options contracts linked to MSCI indexes. Operating revenues from ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes increased 15.0%, primarily driven by an increase in average AUM, partially offset by decreases in average basis point fees. Operating revenues from non-ETF indexed funds linked to MSCI indexes increased by 14.4%, primarily driven by an increase in average AUM, partially offset by decreases in average basis point fees. Operating revenues from exchange traded futures and options contracts linked to MSCI indexes decreased by 7.0%, driven by volume decreases.

The following table presents the value of AUM in ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes and the sequential change of such assets as of the end of each of the periods indicated:

	Period Ended
	2023								2024
(in billions)	March 31,		June 30,		September 30,		December 31,		March 31,
AUM in ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes(1), (2)	$	1,305.4	$	1,372.5	$	1,322.8	$	1,468.9	$	1,582.6
Sequential Change in Value
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation)	$	75.1	$	48.4	$	(56.1)	$	130.5	$	92.8
Cash Inflows	7.4		18.7		6.4		15.6		20.9
Total Change	$	82.5	$	67.1	$	(49.7)	$	146.1	$	113.7

The following table presents the average value of AUM in ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes for the periods indicated:

	2023								2024
(in billions)	March		June		September		December		March
AUM in ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes(1), (2)
Quarterly average	$	1,287.5	$	1,333.8	$	1,376.5	$	1,364.9	$	1,508.8
Year-to-date average	$	1,287.5	$	1,310.7	$	1,332.6	$	1,340.7	$	1,508.8

___________________________

(1)The historical values of the AUM in ETFs linked to our equity indexes as of the last day of the month and the monthly average balance can be found under the link “AUM in ETFs Linked to MSCI Equity Indexes” on our Investor Relations homepage at http://ir.msci.com. This information is updated mid-month each month. Information contained on our website is not deemed part of or incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or any other report filed with the SEC. The AUM in ETFs also includes AUM in Exchange Traded Notes, the value of which is less than 1.0% of the AUM amounts presented.

(2)The value of AUM in ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes is calculated by multiplying the equity ETF net asset value by the number of shares outstanding.

The average value of AUM in ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was up $221.3 billion, or 17.2%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

25

The following table presents operating revenues by reportable segment and revenue type for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating revenues:
Index
Recurring subscriptions	$	212,952	$	196,678	8.3	%
Asset-based fees	150,259		133,126		12.9	%
Non-recurring	10,661		9,578		11.3	%
Index total	373,872		339,382		10.2	%
Analytics
Recurring subscriptions	160,551		144,503		11.1	%
Non-recurring	3,415		2,567		33.0	%
Analytics total	163,966		147,070		11.5	%
ESG and Climate
Recurring subscriptions	76,418		65,732		16.3	%
Non-recurring	1,466		1,326		10.6	%
ESG and Climate total	77,884		67,058		16.1	%
All Other - Private Assets
Recurring subscriptions	63,134		38,334		64.7	%
Non-recurring	1,109		374		196.5	%
All Other - Private Assets total	64,243		38,708		66.0	%
Total operating revenues	$	679,965	$	592,218	14.8	%

Refer to the section titled “Segment Results” that follows for further discussion of segment revenues.

Operating Expenses

We group our operating expenses into the following activity categories:

•Cost of revenues;

•Selling and marketing;

•Research and development (“R&D”);

•General and administrative (“G&A”);

•Amortization of intangible assets; and

•Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements.

Costs are assigned to these activity categories based on the nature of the expense or, when not directly attributable, an estimated allocation based on the type of effort involved. Cost of revenues, selling and marketing, R&D and G&A all include both compensation as well as non-compensation related expenses.

26

The following table presents operating expenses by activity category for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues	$	128,514	$	108,647	18.3	%
Selling and marketing	72,168		66,475		8.6	%
Research and development	40,525		31,323		29.4	%
General and administrative	56,691		41,044		38.1	%
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667		56.5	%
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460		(25.3	%)
Total operating expenses	$	340,583	$	277,616	22.7	%

Total operating expenses increased 22.7%. Adjusting for the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, the increase would have been 21.9%.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues expenses consist of costs related to the production and servicing of our products and services and primarily includes related information technology costs, including data center, cloud service, platform and infrastructure costs; costs to acquire, produce and maintain market data information; costs of research to support and maintain existing products; costs of product management teams; costs of client service and consultant teams to support customer needs; as well as other support costs directly attributable to the cost of revenues including certain human resources, finance and legal costs.

Cost of revenues increased 18.3%, reflecting increases across all reportable segments. The change was driven by increases in compensation and benefits costs, primarily relating to higher wages and salaries, incentive compensation and benefits costs as a result of increased headcount, as well as increases in non-compensation costs, primarily reflecting higher information technology and market data costs.

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses consist of costs associated with acquiring new clients or selling new products or product renewals to existing clients and primarily includes the costs of our sales and marketing teams, as well as costs incurred in other departments associated with acquiring new business, including product management, research, technology and sales operations.

Selling and marketing expenses increased 8.6%, reflecting increases across the All Other- Private Assets, Index and Analytics reportable segments, partially offset by decreases in the ESG and Climate reportable segment. The change was driven by increases in compensation and benefits costs, primarily relating to higher incentive compensation, wages and salaries and benefits costs as a result of increased headcount.

Research and Development

R&D expenses consist of costs to develop new, or enhance existing, products and the costs to develop new or enhanced technologies and service platforms for the delivery of our products and services and primarily include the costs of development, research, product management, project management and the technology support directly associated with these activities.

R&D expenses increased 29.4%, reflecting increases across all reportable segments. The change was driven by increases in compensation and benefits costs, primarily relating to higher wages and salaries, incentive compensation and benefits costs as a result of increased headcount, partially offset by increased capitalization of costs related to internally developed software projects.

General and Administrative

G&A expenses consist of costs primarily related to finance operations, human resources, office of the CEO, legal, corporate technology, corporate development, acquisition integration, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration and certain other administrative costs that are not directly attributed to a product or service, but are instead allocated to G&A expenses.

27

G&A expenses increased 38.1%, reflecting increases across all reportable segments. The change was driven by increases in compensation and benefits costs, primarily related to higher incentive compensation,wages and salaries and benefits costs as a result of increased headcount, as well as increases in non-compensation costs, primarily reflecting higher professional fees. The increase was also driven by higher transaction and integration costs primarily related to the step acquisition of Burgiss.

The following table presents operating expenses using compensation and non-compensation categories, rather than using activity categories, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Compensation and benefits	$	222,994	$	181,579	22.8	%
Non-compensation expenses	74,904		65,910		13.6	%
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667		56.5	%
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460		(25.3	%)
Total operating expenses	$	340,583	$	277,616	22.7	%

Compensation and Benefits

A significant portion of the incentive compensation component of operating expenses is based on the achievement of a number of financial and operating metrics. In a scenario where operating revenue growth and profitability moderate, incentive compensation would be expected to decrease accordingly.

We had 5,858 employees as of March 31, 2024, compared to 4,846 employees as of March 31, 2023, reflecting a 20.9% increase in the number of employees which is primarily related to acquisitions. Continued growth of our emerging market centers around the world is an important factor in our ability to manage and control the growth of our compensation and benefits costs. As of March 31, 2024, 67.2% of our employees were located in emerging market centers compared to 65.4% as of March 31, 2023.

Compensation and benefits costs increased 22.8%, primarily driven by an increase in wages and salaries, incentive compensation and benefits costs due to headcount growth, partially offset by increased capitalization of expenses related to internally developed software projects. Adjusting for the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and the step acquisition of Burgiss, and the Trove and Fabric acquisitions, compensation and benefits costs would have increased by 10.9%.

Non-Compensation Expenses

Fixed costs constitute a significant portion of the non-compensation component of operating expenses. The discretionary non-compensation component of operating expenses could, however, be reduced in the near-term in a scenario where operating revenue growth moderates.

Non-compensation expenses increased 13.6%, primarily driven by higher professional fees, information technology and market data costs. The increase was also driven by higher non-recurring transaction and integration costs primarily related to the step acquisition of Burgiss. Adjusting for the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and the step acquisition of Burgiss, and the Trove and Fabric acquisitions, non-compensation expenses would have increased by 4.3%.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets expense relates to definite-lived intangible assets arising from past acquisitions and capitalization of internally developed software projects recognized over their estimated useful lives. Amortization of intangible assets expense increased 56.5%, primarily driven by higher amortization recognized on acquired intangible assets from recent acquisitions and amortization of internal use software.

Depreciation and Amortization of Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements

Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements consists of expenses related to depreciating or amortizing the cost of computer and related equipment, leasehold improvements, software and furniture and fixtures over the estimated useful life of the assets. Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements decreased 25.3%, primarily driven by lower depreciation on computer and related equipment.

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Total Other Expense (Income), Net

The following table shows our other expense (income), net for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Interest income	$	(6,048)	$	(10,362)	(41.6	%)
Interest expense	46,674		46,206		1.0	%
Other expense (income)	2,863		2,386		20.0	%
Total other expense (income), net	$	43,489	$	38,230	13.8	%

Total other expense (income), net increased 13.8%, primarily driven by lower interest income reflecting lower average cash balances as well as loss on extinguishment related to unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the prepayment of the Tranche A Term Loans and the entry into the Credit Agreement, partially offset by favorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Income Taxes

The following table shows our income tax provision and effective tax rate for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Provision for income taxes	39,939		37,644		6.1	%
Effective tax rate	13.5	%	13.6	%	(0.7	%)

The effective tax rate of 13.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 reflects the Company's estimate of the effective tax rate for the period and was impacted by certain favorable discrete items totaling $20.2 million, primarily related to $13.0 million of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested during the period and $7.2 million of tax benefits related to prior year items.

The effective tax rate of 13.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflects the Company's estimate of the effective tax rate for the period and was impacted by certain favorable discrete items totaling $16.5 million, primarily related to $11.1 million of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested during the period and $4.6 million of tax benefits related to the resolution of prior year items.

Net Income

The following table shows our net income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728	7.2	%

As a result of the factors described above, net income increased 7.2%.

29

Weighted Average Shares and Common Shares Outstanding

The following table shows our weighted average shares outstanding for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,		% Change
(in thousands)	2024	2023
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	79,195	80,041	(1.1	%)
Diluted	79,508	80,482	(1.2	%)

    

The following table shows our common shares outstanding for the periods indicated:

	As of		% Change
(in thousands)	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Common shares outstanding	79,224	79,091	0.2	%

The decrease in weighted average shares outstanding primarily reflects the impact of share repurchases made pursuant to the stock repurchase program during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The increase in common shares outstanding primarily reflects the vesting of certain share-based awards during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Adjusted EBITDA

“Adjusted EBITDA,” a non-GAAP measure used by management to assess operating performance, is defined as net income before (1) provision for income taxes, (2) other expense (income), net, (3) depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, (4) amortization of intangible assets and, at times, (5) certain other transactions or adjustments, including, when applicable, impairment related to sublease of leased property and certain acquisition-related integration and transaction costs.

“Adjusted EBITDA expenses,” a non-GAAP measure used by management to assess operating performance, is defined as operating expenses less depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements and amortization of intangible assets and, at times, certain other transactions or adjustments, including, when applicable, certain acquisition-related integration and transaction costs.

“Adjusted EBITDA margin” is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by operating revenues.

Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA expenses are believed to be meaningful measures for management to assess the operating performance of the Company because they adjust for significant one-time, unusual or non-recurring items as well as eliminate the accounting effects of certain capital spending and acquisitions that do not directly affect what management considers to be the Company’s ongoing operating performance in the period. All companies do not calculate adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin and adjusted EBITDA expenses in the same way. These measures can differ significantly from company to company depending on, among other things, long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate and capital investments. Accordingly, the Company’s computation of the Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA expenses measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures computed by other companies.

The following table presents non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						% Change
(in thousands)	2024			2023
Operating revenues	$	679,965		$	592,218		14.8	%
Adjusted EBITDA expenses	296,392			247,489			19.8	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	383,573		$	344,729		11.3	%
Operating margin %	49.9		%	53.1		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin %	56.4		%	58.2		%

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The change in Adjusted EBITDA margin reflects changes in the rate of growth of Adjusted EBITDA expenses as compared to the rate of growth of operating revenues, driven by the factors previously described.

Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA and Operating Expenses to Adjusted EBITDA Expenses

The following table presents the reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728	7.2	%
Provision for income taxes	39,939		37,644		6.1	%
Other expense (income), net	43,489		38,230		13.8	%
Operating income	339,382		314,602		7.9	%
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667		56.5	%
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460		(25.3	%)
Acquisition-related integration and  transaction costs (1)	1,506		—		100.0	%
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA	383,573		344,729		11.3	%
Index Adjusted EBITDA	$	277,760	$	253,682	9.5	%
Analytics Adjusted EBITDA	72,212		60,780		18.8	%
ESG and Climate Adjusted EBITDA	21,091		17,876		18.0	%
All Other - Private Assets Adjusted EBITDA	12,510		12,391		1.0	%
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA	383,573		344,729		11.3	%

___________________________

(1)Represents transaction expenses and other costs directly related to the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses, including professional fees, severance expenses, regulatory filing fees and other costs, in each case that are incurred no later than 12 months after the close of the relevant acquisition.

The following table presents the reconciliation of operating expenses to Adjusted EBITDA expenses for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Total operating expenses	$	340,583	$	277,616	22.7	%
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667		56.5	%
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460		(25.3	%)
Acquisition-related integration and  transaction costs (1)	1,506		—		100.0	%
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA expenses	296,392		247,489		19.8	%
Index Adjusted EBITDA expenses	$	96,112	$	85,700	12.1	%
Analytics Adjusted EBITDA expenses	91,754		86,290		6.3	%
ESG and Climate Adjusted EBITDA expenses	56,793		49,182		15.5	%
All Other - Private Assets Adjusted EBITDA expenses	51,733		26,317		96.6	%
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA expenses	$	296,392	$	247,489	19.8	%

___________________________

(1)Represents transaction expenses and other costs directly related to the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses, including professional fees, severance expenses, regulatory filing fees and other costs, in each case that are incurred no later than 12 months after the close of the relevant acquisition.

31

Segment Results

Index Segment

The following table presents the results for the Index segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						% Change
(in thousands)	2024			2023
Operating revenues:
Recurring subscriptions	$	212,952		$	196,678		8.3	%
Asset-based fees	150,259			133,126			12.9	%
Non-recurring	10,661			9,578			11.3	%
Operating revenues total	373,872			339,382			10.2	%
Adjusted EBITDA expenses	96,112			85,700			12.1	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	277,760		$	253,682		9.5	%
Adjusted EBITDA margin %	74.3		%	74.7		%

Index operating revenues increased 10.2%, driven by strong growth from asset-based fees as well as revenue growth from recurring subscriptions. Adjusting for the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, Index operating revenues would have increased 10.4%.

Operating revenues from recurring subscriptions increased 8.3%, primarily driven by strong growth from market cap-weighted Index products.

Operating revenues from asset-based fees increased 12.9%, mainly driven by growth in revenues from ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes and non-ETF indexed funds linked to MSCI indexes, partially offset by a decrease in revenue from exchange traded futures and options contracts linked to MSCI indexes. Operating revenues from ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes increased 15.0%, primarily driven by an increase in average AUM, partially offset by decreases in average basis point fees. Operating revenues from non-ETF indexed funds linked to MSCI indexes increased by 14.4%, primarily driven by an increase in average AUM, partially offset by decreases in average basis point fees. Operating revenues from exchange traded futures and options contracts linked to MSCI Indexes decreased by 7%, driven by volume decreases.

Index segment Adjusted EBITDA expenses increased 12.1%, primarily driven by higher compensation expenses across all expense activity categories. The increase reflects higher incentive compensation, wages and salaries and benefits costs. The change was also driven by higher non-compensation expenses across the G&A, cost of revenues and R&D expense activity categories, partially offset by lower non-compensation expenses in the selling and marketing expense activity category. The increase in non-compensation expenses is primarily due to higher professional fees. Adjusting for the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, Index segment Adjusted EBITDA expenses would have increased by 11.2%.

Analytics Segment

The following table presents the results for the Analytics segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						% Change
(in thousands)	2024			2023
Operating revenues:
Recurring subscriptions	$	160,551		$	144,503		11.1	%
Non-recurring	3,415			2,567			33.0	%
Operating revenues total	163,966			147,070			11.5	%
Adjusted EBITDA expenses	91,754			86,290			6.3	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	72,212		$	60,780		18.8	%
Adjusted EBITDA margin %	44.0		%	41.3		%

32

Analytics operating revenues increased 11.5%, primarily driven by growth from recurring subscriptions related to both Multi-Asset Class and Equity Analytics products. Adjusting for the impact of the acquisition of Fabric and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, Analytics operating revenues would have increased 11.9%.

Analytics segment Adjusted EBITDA expenses increased 6.3%, primarily driven by higher compensation expenses across all expense activity categories. The increase reflects higher incentive compensation, wages and salaries and severance costs. The increase was also driven by higher non-compensation expenses across the G&A, selling and marketing and R&D expense activity categories, partially offset by lower non-compensation expenses in the cost of revenues expense activity category. The increase in non-compensation expenses is primarily due to higher professional fees and information technology costs. Adjusting for the impact of the acquisition of Fabric and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, Analytics segment Adjusted EBITDA expenses would have increased 4.8%.

ESG and Climate Segment

The following table presents the results for the ESG and Climate segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						% Change
(in thousands)	2024			2023
Operating revenues:
Recurring subscriptions	$	76,418		$	65,732		16.3	%
Non-recurring	1,466			1,326			10.6	%
Operating revenues total	77,884			67,058			16.1	%
Adjusted EBITDA expenses	56,793			49,182			15.5	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	21,091		$	17,876		18.0	%
Adjusted EBITDA margin %	27.1		%	26.7		%

ESG and Climate operating revenues increased 16.1%, primarily driven by growth from recurring subscriptions related to Ratings, Climate and Screening products. Adjusting for the impact of the acquisition of Trove and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, ESG and Climate operating revenues would have increased 11.0%.

ESG and Climate segment Adjusted EBITDA expenses increased 15.5%, primarily driven by higher compensation expenses across cost of revenues, R&D and G&A expense activity categories, partially offset by lower compensation expense in the selling and marketing expense activity category. The increase reflects higher incentive compensation, wages and salaries, and benefits costs, primarily driven by the acquisition of Trove. The increase was partially offset by increased capitalization of expenses related to internally developed software projects. Adjusting for the impact of the acquisition of Trove and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, ESG and Climate segment Adjusted EBITDA expenses would have increased 6.9%.

All Other – Private Assets Segment

The following table presents the results for the All Other – Private Assets segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						% Change
(in thousands)	2024			2023
Operating revenues:
Recurring subscriptions	$	63,134		$	38,334		64.7	%
Non-recurring	1,109			374			196.5	%
Operating revenues total	64,243			38,708			66.0	%
Adjusted EBITDA expenses	51,733			26,317			96.6	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	12,510		$	12,391		1.0	%
Adjusted EBITDA margin %	19.5		%	32.0		%

All Other – Private Assets operating revenues increased 66.0%, primarily driven by revenues attributable to the acquisition of Burgiss as well as growth in recurring subscriptions related to Index Intel products and favorable foreign currency exchange rate

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fluctuations, partially offset by a decrease in recurring subscriptions related to our Property Intel product. Adjusting for the impact of the step acquisition of Burgiss and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, All Other – Private Assets operating revenues would have increased 2.6%.

All Other – Private Assets segment Adjusted EBITDA expenses increased 96.6%, reflecting higher compensation and non-compensation expenses across all expense activity categories, primarily driven by the step acquisition of Burgiss. The increase reflects higher wages and salaries, incentive compensation, benefits and information technology costs, partially offset by increased capitalization of expenses related to internally developed software projects. Adjusting for the impact of the step acquisition of Burgiss and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, All Other - Private Assets segment Adjusted EBITDA expenses would have decreased 3.7%.

Operating Metrics

Run Rate

“Run Rate” estimates at a particular point in time the annualized value of the recurring revenues under our client license agreements (“Client Contracts”) for the next 12 months, assuming all Client Contracts that come up for renewal, or reach the end of the committed subscription period, are renewed and assuming then-current currency exchange rates, subject to the adjustments and exclusions described below. For any Client Contract where fees are linked to an investment product’s assets or trading volume/fees, the Run Rate calculation reflects, for ETFs, the market value on the last trading day of the period, for futures and options, the most recent quarterly volumes and/or reported exchange fees, and for other non-ETF products, the most recent client-reported assets. Run Rate does not include fees associated with “one-time” and other non-recurring transactions. In addition, we add to Run Rate the annualized fee value of recurring new sales, whether to existing or new clients, when we execute Client Contracts, even though the license start date, and associated revenue recognition, may not be effective until a later date. We remove from Run Rate the annualized fee value associated with products or services under any Client Contract with respect to which we have received a notice of termination, non-renewal or an indication the client does not intend to continue their subscription during the period and have determined that such notice evidences the client’s final decision to terminate or not renew the applicable products or services, even though such notice is not effective until a later date.

Changes in our recurring revenues typically lag changes in Run Rate. The actual amount of recurring revenues we will realize over the following 12 months will differ from Run Rate for numerous reasons, including:

•fluctuations in revenues associated with new recurring sales;

•modifications, cancellations and non-renewals of existing Client Contracts, subject to specified notice requirements;

•differences between the recurring license start date and the date the Client Contract is executed due to, for example, contracts with onboarding periods or fee waiver periods;

•fluctuations in asset-based fees, which may result from changes in certain investment products’ total expense ratios, market movements, including foreign currency exchange rates, or from investment inflows into and outflows from investment products linked to our indexes;

•fluctuations in fees based on trading volumes of futures and options contracts linked to our indexes;

•price changes or discounts;

•revenue recognition differences under U.S. GAAP, including those related to the timing of implementation and report deliveries for certain of our products and services;

•fluctuations in the number of hedge funds for which we provide investment information and risk analysis to hedge fund investors;

•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; and

•the impact of acquisitions and divestitures.

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The following table presents Run Rates by reportable segment as of the dates indicated and the growth percentages over the periods indicated:

	As of				% Change
(in thousands)	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
Index:
Recurring subscriptions	$	869,931	$	795,621	9.3	%
Asset-based fees	619,431		534,491		15.9	%
Index total	1,489,362		1,330,112		12.0	%
Analytics	662,079		621,611		6.5	%
ESG and Climate	320,611		278,947		14.9	%
All Other - Private Assets	254,432		148,440		71.4	%
Total Run Rate	$	2,726,484	$	2,379,110	14.6	%
Recurring subscriptions total	$	2,107,053	$	1,844,619	14.2	%
Asset-based fees	619,431		534,491		15.9	%
Total Run Rate	$	2,726,484	$	2,379,110	14.6	%

Total Run Rate increased 14.6%, driven by a 14.2% increase from recurring subscriptions and a 15.9% increase from asset-based fees. Adjusting for the impact of acquisitions and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, recurring subscriptions Run Rate would have increased 8.7%.

Run Rate from Index recurring subscriptions increased 9.3%, primarily driven by growth from market cap-weighted and custom Index products and special packages. The increase reflected growth across all regions.

Run Rate from Index asset-based fees increased 15.9%, primarily driven by higher AUM in ETFs linked to MSCI equity indexes and non-ETF indexed funds linked to MSCI indexes.

Run Rate from Analytics products increased 6.5%, driven by growth in both Multi-Asset Class and Equity Analytics products, and reflected growth across all regions and client segments. Adjusting for the impact of the acquisition of Fabric and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, Analytics Run Rate would have increased 7.0%.

Run Rate from ESG and Climate products increased 14.9%, driven by strong growth in Ratings, Climate and Screening products with contributions across all all regions and client segments. Adjusting for the impact of the acquisition of Trove and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, ESG and Climate Run Rate would have increased 13.3%.

Run Rate from All Other - Private Assets increased 71.4%, and included $101.0 million associated with Burgiss. Excluding the impact of the step acquisition of Burgiss, the growth was primarily driven by Index Intel, RCA and Performance Insights products, partially offset by a decline in our Property Intel product. This increase reflected growth across all regions. Adjusting for the impact of the step acquisition of Burgiss and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, All Other - Private Assets Run Rate would have increased 3.5%.

Sales

Sales represents the annualized value of products and services clients commit to purchase from MSCI and will result in additional operating revenues. Non-recurring sales represent the actual value of the customer agreements entered into during the period and are not a component of Run Rate. New recurring subscription sales represent additional selling activities, such as new customer agreements, additions to existing agreements or increases in price that occurred during the period and are additions to Run Rate. Subscription cancellations reflect client activities during the period, such as discontinuing products and services and/or

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reductions in price, resulting in reductions to Run Rate. Net new recurring subscription sales represent the amount of new recurring subscription sales net of subscription cancellations during the period, which reflects the net impact to Run Rate during the period.

Total gross sales represent the sum of new recurring subscription sales and non-recurring sales. Total net sales represent the total gross sales net of the impact from subscription cancellations.

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The following table presents our recurring subscription sales, cancellations and non-recurring sales by reportable segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended				% Change
(in thousands)	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2023
New recurring subscription sales
Index	$	23,513	$	25,090	(6.3	%)
Analytics	14,088		13,674		3.0	%
ESG and Climate	11,471		12,486		(8.1	%)
All Other - Private Assets	8,264		5,143		60.7	%
New recurring subscription sales total	57,336		56,393		1.7	%
Subscription cancellations
Index	(14,702)		(7,082)		107.6	%
Analytics	(10,794)		(9,183)		17.5	%
ESG and Climate	(7,351)		(2,635)		179.0	%
All Other - Private Assets	(4,922)		(2,856)		72.3	%
Subscription cancellations total	(37,769)		(21,756)		73.6	%
Net new recurring subscription sales
Index	8,811		18,008		(51.1	%)
Analytics	3,294		4,491		(26.7	%)
ESG and Climate	4,120		9,851		(58.2	%)
All Other - Private Assets	3,342		2,287		46.1	%
Net new recurring subscription sales total	19,567		34,637		(43.5	%)
Non-recurring sales
Index	12,811		12,782		0.2	%
Analytics	2,462		1,370		79.7	%
ESG and Climate	1,672		1,219		37.2	%
All Other - Private Assets	1,089		213		411.3	%
Non-recurring sales total	18,034		15,584		15.7	%
Gross sales
Index	$	36,324	$	37,872	(4.1	%)
Analytics	16,550		15,044		10.0	%
ESG and Climate	13,143		13,705		(4.1	%)
All Other - Private Assets	9,353		5,356		74.6	%
Total gross sales	$	75,370	$	71,977	4.7	%
Net sales
Index	$	21,622	$	30,790	(29.8	%)
Analytics	5,756		5,861		(1.8	%)
ESG and Climate	5,792		11,070		(47.7	%)
All Other - Private Assets	4,431		2,500		77.2	%
Total net sales	$	37,601	$	50,221	(25.1	%)

A significant portion of MSCI’s operating revenues are derived from subscriptions or licenses of products and services, which are provided over contractually-agreed periods of time that are subject to renewal or cancellation at the end of current contract terms.

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Retention Rate

The following table presents our Retention Rate by reportable segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024	2023
Index	93.2%	96.4%
Analytics(1)	93.5%	94.0%
ESG and Climate(1)	90.8%	96.1%
All Other - Private Assets(1)	92.2%	92.1%
Total(1)	92.8%	95.2%

___________________________

(1)Retention rate for Analytics excluding the impact of the acquisition of Fabric was 93.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Retention rate for ESG and Climate excluding the impact of the acquisition of Trove was 90.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Retention rate for All Other – Private Assets excluding the impact of the step acquisition of Burgiss was 89.9% for the three months and year ended March 31, 2024. Total retention rate excluding the impact of the acquisitions of Fabric, Trove and Burgiss was 92.6%.

Retention Rate is an important metric because subscription cancellations decrease our Run Rate and ultimately our future operating revenues over time. The annual Retention Rate represents the retained subscription Run Rate (subscription Run Rate at the beginning of the fiscal year less actual cancels during the year) as a percentage of the subscription Run Rate at the beginning of the fiscal year.

The Retention Rate for a non-annual period is calculated by annualizing the cancellations for which we have received a notice of termination or for which we believe there is an intention not to renew or discontinue the subscription during the non-annual period, and we believe that such notice or intention evidences the client’s final decision to terminate or not renew the applicable agreement, even though such notice is not effective until a later date. This annualized cancellation figure is then divided by the subscription Run Rate at the beginning of the fiscal year to calculate a cancellation rate. This cancellation rate is then subtracted from 100% to derive the annualized Retention Rate for the period.

Retention Rate is computed by operating segment on a product/service-by-product/service basis. In general, if a client reduces the number of products or services to which it subscribes within a segment, or switches between products or services within a segment, we treat it as a cancellation for purposes of calculating our Retention Rate except in the case of a product or service switch that management considers to be a replacement product or service. In those replacement cases, only the net change to the client subscription, if a decrease, is reported as a cancel. In the Analytics and the ESG and Climate operating segments, substantially all product or service switches are treated as replacement products or services and netted in this manner, while in our Index and Real Assets operating segments, product or service switches that are treated as replacement products or services and receive netting treatment occur only in certain limited instances. In addition, we treat any reduction in fees resulting from a down-sell of the same product or service as a cancellation to the extent of the reduction. We do not calculate Retention Rate for that portion of our Run Rate attributable to assets in index-linked investment products or futures and options contracts, in each case, linked to our indexes.

Retention Rate is generally higher during the first three quarters and lower in the fourth quarter, as the fourth quarter is traditionally the largest renewal period in the year.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We describe our significant accounting policies in Note 1, “Introduction and Basis of Presentation,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our accounting policies since the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 or critical accounting estimates applied in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We require capital to fund ongoing operations, internal growth initiatives and acquisitions. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows generated from our operations, existing cash and cash equivalents and credit capacity under our existing credit facility. In addition, we believe we have access to additional funding in the public and private markets. We intend to use these sources of liquidity to, among other things, service our existing and future debt obligations, fund our working capital requirements for capital expenditures, investments, acquisitions and dividend payments, and make repurchases of our common stock. In connection with our

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business strategy, we regularly evaluate acquisition and strategic partnership opportunities. We believe our liquidity, along with other financing alternatives, will provide the necessary capital to fund these transactions and achieve our planned growth.

Senior Notes and Credit Agreement

As of March 31, 2024, we had an aggregate of $4,200.0 million in Senior Notes outstanding. In addition, under the Credit Agreement, we had as of March 31, 2024 an aggregate of $336.9 million in outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. See Note 8, “Debt,” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) included herein for additional information on our outstanding indebtedness and revolving credit facility.

On January 26, 2024, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) amending and restating in its entirety the Prior Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement makes available an aggregate of $1,250.0 million of revolving loan commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility, which may be drawn until January 26, 2029. The Revolving Credit Facility under the Credit Agreement was drawn at closing in an amount sufficient to prepay all term loans outstanding under the TLA Facility under the Prior Credit Agreement. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are general unsecured obligations of the Company.

The Senior Notes and the Prior Credit Agreement were previously fully and unconditionally, and jointly and severally, guaranteed by our direct or indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries that account for more than 5% of our and our subsidiaries’ consolidated assets, other than certain excluded subsidiaries (the “subsidiary guarantors”). Upon the closing of the Credit Agreement on January 26, 2024, the subsidiary guarantors’ were released from their guarantees under the Prior Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our Senior Notes (the “Indentures”).

The Indentures among us and Computershare, National Association, as trustee and successor to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, contain covenants that limit our and our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, incur liens, enter into sale/leaseback transactions and consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets, and that limit the ability of our subsidiaries to incur certain indebtedness. The Credit Agreement also contains covenants that limit our and our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, incur liens, enter into sale/leaseback transactions and consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets, and that limit the ability of our subsidiaries to incur certain indebtedness.

The Credit Agreement and the Indentures also contain customary events of default, including those relating to non-payment, breach of representations, warranties or covenants, cross-default and cross-acceleration, and bankruptcy and insolvency events, and, in the case of the Credit Agreement, invalidity or impairment of loan documentation, change of control and customary ERISA defaults in addition to the foregoing. None of the restrictions above are expected to impact our ability to effectively operate the business.

The Credit Agreement also requires us and our subsidiaries to achieve financial and operating results sufficient to maintain compliance with the following financial ratios on a consolidated basis through the termination of the Credit Agreement: (1) the maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) measured quarterly on a rolling four-quarter basis not to exceed 4.25:1.00 (or 4.50:1.00 for four fiscal quarters following a material acquisition) and (2) the minimum Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) measured quarterly on a rolling four-quarter basis of at least 4.00:1.00. As of March 31, 2024, our Consolidated Leverage Ratio was 2.56:1.00 and our Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio was 9.16:1.00.

Share Repurchases

We made no repurchases of the Company’s common stock pursuant to open market repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

As of March 31, 2024, there was $845.7 million of available authorization remaining under the 2022 Repurchase Program. This authorization may be modified, suspended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice.

Cash Dividends

On April 22, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share for the three months ending June 30, 2024. The second quarter 2024 dividend is payable on May 31, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of trading on May 17, 2024.

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Cash Flows

The following table presents the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, as of the dates indicated:

	As of
(in thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash of $3,842 and    $3,878 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	$	519,315	$	461,693

We typically seek to maintain minimum cash balances globally of approximately $225.0 million to $275.0 million for general operating purposes. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $209.8 million and $285.2 million, respectively, of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held by foreign subsidiaries. Repatriation of some foreign cash may be subject to certain withholding taxes in local jurisdictions and other distribution restrictions. We believe the global cash and cash equivalent balances that are maintained will be available to meet our global needs whether for general corporate purposes or other needs, including acquisitions or expansion of our products.

We believe that global cash flows from operations, together with existing cash and cash equivalents and funds available under our existing revolving credit facility and our ability to access bank debt, private debt and the capital markets for additional funds, will continue to be sufficient to fund our global operating activities and cash commitments for investing and financing activities, such as material capital expenditures and share repurchases, for at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter. In addition, we expect that foreign cash flows from operations, together with existing cash and cash equivalents, will continue to be sufficient to fund our foreign operating activities and cash commitments for investing activities, such as material capital expenditures, for at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter.

Net Cash Provided by (Used In) Operating, Investing and Financing Activities

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	300,137	$	264,141
Net cash (used in) investing activities	(32,333)		(21,762)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(207,223)		(158,293)
Effect of exchange rate changes	(2,959)		2,958
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and    restricted cash	$	57,622	$	87,044

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities consist of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in assets and liabilities. The year-over-year change was primarily driven by cash collections from customers, partially offset by higher payments for cash expenses.

Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for the payment of cash compensation expenses, interest expenses, income taxes, technology costs, professional fees, market data costs and office rent. Historically, the payment of cash for compensation and benefits is at its highest level in the first quarter when we pay discretionary employee compensation related to the previous fiscal year.

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

The year-over-year change was primarily driven by higher capitalized software development costs and the acquisition of Fabric.

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

The year-over-year change was primarily driven by the impact of higher dividend payments and higher share repurchases on vested share-based awards.

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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Foreign Currency Risk

We are subject to foreign currency exchange fluctuation risk. Exchange rate movements can impact the U.S. dollar-reported value of our revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies or where the currency of such items is different than the functional currency of the entity where these items were recorded.

We generally invoice our clients in U.S. dollars; however, we invoice a portion of our clients in Euros, British pounds sterling, Japanese yen and a limited number of other non-U.S. dollar currencies. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, 16.8% and 17.2%, respectively, of our revenues were subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk and primarily included clients billed in foreign currency as well as U.S. dollar exposures on non-U.S. dollar foreign operating entities. Of the 16.8% of non-U.S. dollar exposure for the three months ended March 31, 2024, 41.3% was in Euros, 33.3% was in British pounds sterling and 17.3% was in Japanese yen. Of the 17.2% of non-U.S. dollar exposure for the three months ended March 31, 2023, 41.2% was in Euros, 31.3% was in British pounds sterling and 18.2% was in Japanese yen.

Revenues from asset-based fees represented 22.1% and 22.5% of operating revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. While a substantial portion of our asset-based fees are invoiced in U.S. dollars, the fees are based on the assets in investment products, of which approximately three-fifths are invested in securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, declines in such other currencies against the U.S. dollar will decrease the fees payable to us under such licenses. In addition, declines in such currencies against the U.S. dollar could impact the attractiveness of such investment products resulting in net fund outflows, which would further reduce the fees payable under such licenses.

We are exposed to additional foreign currency risk in certain of our operating costs. Approximately 41.3% and 43.5% of our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were denominated in foreign currencies, the significant majority of which were denominated in British pounds sterling, Indian rupees, Euros, Hungarian forints, Mexican pesos and Swiss francs.

We have certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than local functional amounts, and when these balances are remeasured into their local functional currency, either a gain or a loss results from the change of the value of the functional currency as compared to the originating currencies. We manage foreign currency exchange rate risk, in part, through the use of derivative financial instruments comprised principally of forward contracts on foreign currency which are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. The objective of the derivative instruments is to minimize the impact on the income statement of the volatility of amounts denominated in certain foreign currencies. We recognized total foreign currency exchange losses of $1.0 million and $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report, and have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

Various lawsuits, claims and proceedings have been or may be instituted or asserted against the Company in the ordinary course of business. While the amounts claimed could be substantial, the ultimate liability cannot now be determined because of the considerable uncertainties that exist. Therefore, it is possible that MSCI’s business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows in a particular period could be materially affected by certain contingencies. However, based on facts currently available, management believes that the disposition of matters that are currently pending or asserted will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on MSCI’s business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

For a discussion of the risk factors affecting the Company, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors and uncertainties known to the Company and disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, that, if they were to materialize or occur, would, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on MSCI’s business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The table below presents information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company of its shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)	Average Price Paid Per Share(2)		Total Number of Shares Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(3)
January 1, 2024-January 31, 2024	—	$	—	—	$	845,668,000
February 1, 2024-February 29, 2024	119,652	$	584.00	—	$	845,668,000
March 1, 2024-March 31, 2024	276	$	551.68	—	$	845,668,000
Total	119,928	$	583.92	—	$	845,668,000

___________________________

(1)Includes, when applicable, (i) shares purchased by the Company on the open market under the stock repurchase program; (ii) shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations on behalf of employees that occur upon vesting and delivery of outstanding shares underlying restricted stock units; and (iii) shares held in treasury under the MSCI Inc. Non-Employee Directors Deferral Plan. The value of shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations was determined using the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of withholding, using a valuation methodology established by the Company.

(2)Excludes 1% excise tax incurred on share repurchases.

(3)See Note 10, “Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit),” of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information regarding our stock repurchase program.

Item 5.    Other Information

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or officers, as defined in Section 16 of the Exchange Act, adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act.

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Item 6.    Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

	Exhibit Number	Description
	3.1	Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q (File No. 001-33812), filed with the SEC on May 4, 2012 and incorporated by reference herein)
	3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10-K (File No. 001-33812), filed with the SEC on February 9, 2024 and incorporated by reference herein)
	10.1	Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2024, among MSCI Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer and the other lenders party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K (File No. 001-33812), filed with the SEC on January 29, 2024 and incorporated by reference herein)
*	31.1	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
*	31.2	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
**	32.1	Section 1350 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer
*	101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
*	101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*	101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*	101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*	101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
*	101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*	104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

___________________________

*Filed herewith.

**Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: April 23, 2024

MSCI INC. (Registrant)
By:	/s/ Andrew C. Wiechmann
	Andrew C. Wiechmann Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION

I, Henry A. Fernandez, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MSCI Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 23, 2024

/s/ Henry A. Fernandez

Henry A. Fernandez

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION

I, Andrew C. Wiechmann, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MSCI Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 23, 2024

/s/ Andrew C. Wiechmann

Andrew C. Wiechmann

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In accordance with 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Henry A. Fernandez, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of MSCI Inc. (the “Registrant”) and Andrew C. Wiechmann, Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his/her knowledge:

1.The Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 (the “Periodic Report”), to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Registrant at the end of the period covered by the Periodic Report and results of operations of the Registrant for the periods covered by the Periodic Report.

Date: April 23, 2024

/s/ Henry A. Fernandez	/s/ Andrew C. Wiechmann
Henry A. Fernandez Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	Andrew C. Wiechmann Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 16, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33812
Entity Registrant Name	MSCI INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	13-4038723
Entity Address, Address Line One	7 World Trade Center
Entity Address, Address Line Two	250 Greenwich Street, 49th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10007
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	804-3900
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	MSCI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		79,224,201
Entity Central Index Key	0001408198
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash of $3,842 and $3,878 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	$ 519,315	$ 461,693
Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $4,326 and $3,968 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	745,611	839,555
Prepaid income taxes	44,027	59,002
Prepaid and other assets	55,964	57,903
Total current assets	1,364,917	1,418,153
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	55,802	55,920
Right of use assets	132,270	115,243
Goodwill	2,890,519	2,887,692
Intangible assets, net	948,479	956,234
Deferred tax assets	38,886	41,074
Other non-current assets	47,716	43,903
Total assets	5,478,589	5,518,219
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	12,048	9,812
Income taxes payable	44,733	24,709
Accrued compensation and related benefits	84,582	219,456
Current portion of long-term debt	0	10,902
Other accrued liabilities	173,628	168,282
Deferred revenue	1,053,961	1,083,864
Total current liabilities	1,368,952	1,517,025
Long-term debt	4,507,686	4,496,826
Long-term operating lease liabilities	135,043	120,134
Deferred tax liabilities	17,737	27,028
Other non-current liabilities	99,688	96,970
Total liabilities	6,129,106	6,257,983
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 8)
Shareholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock (par value $0.01; 100,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued)	0	0
Common stock (par value $0.01; 750,000,000 common shares authorized; 134,070,097 and 133,817,332 common shares issued and 79,224,049 and 79,091,212 common shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	1,341	1,338
Treasury shares, at cost (54,846,048 and 54,726,120 common shares held at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	(6,517,130)	(6,447,101)
Additional paid in capital	1,622,638	1,587,670
Retained earnings	4,306,191	4,179,681
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(63,557)	(61,352)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)	(650,517)	(739,764)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)	$ 5,478,589	$ 5,518,219

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Restricted cash, current	$ 3,842	$ 3,878
Accounts receivable, allowance for credit loss, current	$ 4,326	$ 3,968
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000,000	750,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	134,070,097	133,817,332
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	79,224,049	79,091,212
Shares repurchased (in shares)	54,846,048	54,726,120

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Operating revenues	$ 679,965	$ 592,218
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	128,514	108,647
Selling and marketing	72,168	66,475
Research and development	40,525	31,323
General and administrative	56,691	41,044
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604	24,667
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081	5,460
Total operating expenses	340,583	277,616
Operating income	339,382	314,602
Interest income	(6,048)	(10,362)
Interest expense	46,674	46,206
Other expense (income)	2,863	2,386
Other expense (income), net	43,489	38,230
Income before provision for income taxes	295,893	276,372
Provision for income taxes	39,939	37,644
Net income	$ 255,954	$ 238,728
Earnings per share:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 3.23	$ 2.98
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 3.22	$ 2.97
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in USD per share)	79,195	80,041
Diluted (in USD per share)	79,508	80,482

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 255,954	$ 238,728
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2,542)	4,362
Income tax effect	329	(1,108)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	(2,213)	3,254
Pension and other post-retirement adjustments	21	(513)
Income tax effect	(13)	34
Pension and other post-retirement adjustments, net	8	(479)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(2,205)	2,775
Comprehensive income	$ 253,749	$ 241,503

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (1,007,925)	$ 1,336	$ (5,938,116)	$ 1,515,874	$ 3,473,192	$ (60,211)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	238,728				238,728
Dividends declared	(111,986)				(111,986)
Dividends paid in shares	44			44
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	2,775					2,775
Common stock issued	2	2
Shares withheld for tax withholding	(43,960)		(43,960)
Compensation payable in common stock	20,988			20,988
Common stock repurchased and held in treasury	0
Common stock issued to Directors and (held in)/released from treasury	(30)		(30)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	(901,364)	1,338	(5,982,106)	1,536,906	3,599,934	(57,436)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	(739,764)	1,338	(6,447,101)	1,587,670	4,179,681	(61,352)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	255,954				255,954
Dividends declared	(129,444)				(129,444)
Dividends paid in shares	74			74
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(2,205)					(2,205)
Common stock issued	3	3
Shares withheld for tax withholding	(69,991)		(69,991)
Compensation payable in common stock	34,894			34,894
Common stock repurchased and held in treasury	0
Common stock issued to Directors and (held in)/released from treasury	(38)		(38)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ (650,517)	$ 1,341	$ (6,517,130)	$ 1,622,638	$ 4,306,191	$ (63,557)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividend declared per common share (in USD per share)	$ 1.60	$ 1.38

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$ 255,954	$ 238,728
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604	24,667
Stock-based compensation expense	34,336	21,088
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081	5,460
Amortization of right of use assets	5,813	5,782
Amortization of debt origination fees	1,280	1,264
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,510	0
Deferred taxes	(7,625)	(2,254)
Other adjustments	(3,533)	3,906
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	91,109	22,489
Prepaid income taxes	14,874	3,396
Prepaid and other assets	1,427	(1,194)
Other non-current assets	73	(2,333)
Accounts payable	2,045	(6,327)
Income taxes payable	22,154	19,179
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(132,328)	(108,252)
Other accrued liabilities	3,086	8,305
Deferred revenue	(25,949)	34,427
Long-term operating lease liabilities	(5,666)	(5,047)
Other non-current liabilities	(1,108)	941
Other	0	(84)
Net cash provided by operating activities	300,137	264,141
Cash flows from investing activities
Capitalized software development costs	(19,966)	(15,351)
Capital expenditures	(4,271)	(6,225)
Acquisition of a business, net of cash acquired	(7,820)	0
Other	(276)	(186)
Net cash used in investing activities	(32,333)	(21,762)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury	(69,991)	(43,960)
Payment of dividends	(131,305)	(112,145)
Repayment of borrowings	(339,063)	(2,188)
Proceeds from borrowings	336,875	0
Payment of debt issuance costs	(3,739)	0
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(207,223)	(158,293)
Effect of exchange rate changes	(2,959)	2,958
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	57,622	87,044
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	461,693	993,564
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	519,315	1,080,608
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	34,050	33,803
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received	11,393	18,965
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements in other accrued liabilities	2,668	5,156
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities
Cash dividends declared, but not yet paid	$ 368	$ 511

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INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

MSCI Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “MSCI”) is a leading provider of critical decision support tools and solutions for the global investment community. Our mission-critical offerings help investors address the challenges of a transforming investment landscape and power better investment decisions. Leveraging our knowledge of the global investment process and our expertise in research, data and technology, we enable our clients to understand and analyze key drivers of risk and return and confidently and efficiently build more effective portfolios. Our products and services include indexes; portfolio construction and risk management tools; environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) and climate solutions; and private asset data and analysis.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. If not materially different, certain note disclosures included therein have been omitted from these interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company makes certain estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of operating revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates and judgments made by management include such examples as assessment of impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and income taxes. The Company believes that estimates used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Concentrations

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) accounted for 10.0% and 10.2% of the Company’s consolidated operating revenues, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock accounted for 17.9% and 17.4% of the Index segment’s operating revenues, respectively. No single customer represented 10.0% or more of operating revenues within the Analytics, ESG and Climate or All Other – Private Assets segments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Changes in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2024 were as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,652
Addition to credit loss expense	2,196
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(880)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	3,968
Addition to credit loss expense	404
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(46)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	4,326

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RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-07. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 aim to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and subsequent interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-09. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 aim to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

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REVENUE RECOGNITION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE RECOGNITION

REVENUE RECOGNITION

MSCI’s operating revenues are reported by product type, which generally reflects the timing of recognition. The Company’s operating revenue types are recurring subscriptions, asset-based fees and non-recurring revenues. The Company also disaggregates operating revenues by segment.

The tables that follow present the disaggregated operating revenues for the periods indicated:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	212,952	$	160,551	$	76,418	$	63,134	$	513,055
Asset-based fees	150,259		—		—		—		150,259
Non-recurring	10,661		3,415		1,466		1,109		16,651
Total	$	373,872	$	163,966	$	77,884	$	64,243	$	679,965

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	196,678	$	144,503	$	65,732	$	38,334	$	445,247
Asset-based fees	133,126		—		—		—		133,126
Non-recurring	9,578		2,567		1,326		374		13,845
Total	$	339,382	$	147,070	$	67,058	$	38,708	$	592,218

The tables that follow present the change in accounts receivable, net of allowances, and current deferred revenue between the dates indicated:

(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2023)	$	839,555	$	1,083,864
Closing (March 31, 2024)	745,611		1,053,961
Increase/(decrease)	$	(93,944)	$	(29,903)

(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2022)	$	663,236	$	882,886
Closing (March 31, 2023)	641,584		920,255
Increase/(decrease)	$	(21,652)	$	37,369

The amounts of revenues recognized in the periods that were included in the opening current deferred revenue, which reflects contract liability amounts, were $420.3 million and $356.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively. The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s deferred revenue was primarily driven by an increase in amortization of deferred revenue to operating revenues, partially offset by an increase in billings. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company carried a long-term deferred revenue balance of $28.2 million and $28.8 million, respectively, in “Other non-current liabilities” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

For contracts that have a duration of one year or less, the Company has not disclosed either the remaining performance obligation as of the end of the reporting period or when the Company expects to recognize the revenue. The remaining performance obligations for contracts that have a duration of greater than one year and the periods in which they are expected to be recognized are as follows:

	As of
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2024
First 12-month period	$	843,534
Second 12-month period	519,558
Third 12-month period	246,238
Periods thereafter	171,962
Total	$	1,781,292

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EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities, including, when applicable, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”) and performance stock options (“PSOs”).

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2024		2023
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	79,195		80,041
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs, RSUs and PSOs	313		441
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	79,508		80,482
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	3.23	$	2.98
Diluted	$	3.22	$	2.97

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ACQUISITIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

ACQUISITIONS

ACQUISITIONS

On October 2, 2023, the Company acquired the remaining 66.4% interest in The Burgiss Group, LLC (“Burgiss”) for $696.8 million in cash (the “step acquisition”). The Company’s existing 33.6% interest in Burgiss had a fair value at acquisition date of

$353.2 million which resulted in a non-taxable gain of $143.0 million which the Company recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2023. The acquisition of Burgiss will provide the Company with comprehensive data and deep expertise in private assets, enabling investors to evaluate fundamental information, measure and compare performance, understand exposures, manage risk, and conduct robust analytics.

The step acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting and its results are reported within the Private Capital Solutions operating segment within the All Other – Private Assets reportable segment. With the step acquisition, the Company renamed the Burgiss operating segment to Private Capital Solutions. Prior to the step acquisition, Burgiss was accounted for as an equity-method investment. Therefore, MSCI did not recognize the proportionate share of Burgiss’ operating revenues, rather, the Company’s proportionate share of the income or loss of Burgiss was reported as a component of other (expense) income, net. A portion of Burgiss’s client agreements do not have automatic renewal clauses at the end of the subscription period. Due to the historically high retention rate and expectation that a substantial portion of the client agreements will be renewed and the nature of the subscription service, the associated revenue is recorded as recurring subscription revenue.

The table below represents the preliminary purchase price allocation to total assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the associated estimated useful lives as of the acquisition date.

(in thousands)	Estimated Useful Life	Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents		$	5,397
Accounts receivable		25,848
Prepaid Income Taxes		30
Other current assets		4,178
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		670
Right of use assets		3,443
Other non-current assets		471
Deferred revenue		(21,479)
Other current liabilities		(13,185)
Long-term operating lease liabilities		(2,525)
Intangible assets:
Proprietary data	11 years	229,900
Customer relationships	21 years	179,900
Acquired technology and software	3 years	19,000
Trademarks	1 year	900
Goodwill		617,386
Net assets acquired		$	1,049,934

The Company, with the assistance of third-party valuation experts, calculated the fair values of intangible assets using the relief from royalty method for proprietary data, acquired technology and software and trademarks and the multi-period excess earnings method for customer relationships. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the acquired intangible assets included forecasted cash flows, which were determined based on certain assumptions that included, among others, projected future revenues, and expected market royalty rates, technology obsolescence rates and discount rates. The weighted average amortization period of the acquired intangible assets was 14.8 years.

The recorded goodwill is primarily attributable to the utilization of the acquired data as well as expanded market opportunities. Goodwill attributable to the acquisition is deductible for federal income tax purposes to the extent of consideration paid.

Revenue of Burgiss recognized within the consolidated financial statements was $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

On November 1, 2023, MSCI completed the acquisition of Trove Research Ltd (“Trove”), a carbon markets intelligence provider. Trove is a part of the ESG and Climate operating segment.

On January 2, 2024, MSCI completed the acquisition of Fabric RQ, Inc. (“Fabric”), a wealth technology platform specializing in portfolio design, customization and analytics for wealth managers and advisors. Fabric is a part of the Analytics

operating segment. The contingent consideration related to Fabric is payable based upon the future product sales of the acquired business.

The Company recognizes the fair value of contingent consideration at the date of acquisition at fair value. The liability associated with any contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date subsequent to the acquisition and changes in the fair value are recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table presents the preliminary acquired balances related to the acquisitions of Trove and Fabric:

(in thousands, except weighted average amortization period of intangible asset)	Trove		Fabric
Acquisition Date	November 1, 2023		January 2, 2024
Cash payments	$	37,473	$	7,959
Contingent consideration liability(1)	—		8,146
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,473	$	16,105
Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)	$	(4,787)	$	(226)
Intangible assets	7,705		11,300
Goodwill	34,555		5,031
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,473	$	16,105
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)	13.0		9.1

___________________________

(1)The fair value of the contingent consideration upon closing of the acquisition of Fabric was $8.1 million. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the contingent consideration was $8.3 million, of which $1.8 million is included in “Other accrued liabilities” and $6.5 million is included in “Other non-current liabilities” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, and is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

The recorded goodwill for Trove is primarily attributable to the utilization of the acquired data as well as expanded market opportunities and for Fabric is primarily attributable to the utilization of the acquired technology platform. Goodwill attributable to the acquisitions of Fabric and Trove are not deductible for federal income tax purposes.

Revenue of Trove and Fabric recognized within the consolidated financial statements was $1.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

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PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Computer & related equipment	$	170,762	$	192,008
Furniture & fixtures	15,990		16,169
Leasehold improvements	56,636		58,582
Work-in-process	982		897
Subtotal	244,370		267,656
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(188,568)		(211,736)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	55,802	$	55,920

Depreciation and amortization expense of property, equipment and leasehold improvements was $4.1 million and $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

The following table presents goodwill by reportable segment:

(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2023	$	1,203,435	$	290,976	$	84,724	$	1,308,557	$	2,887,692
Acquisitions (1)	—		5,031		(357)		(1,030)		3,644
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(291)		—		(347)		(179)		(817)
Goodwill at March 31, 2024	$	1,203,144	$	296,007	$	84,020	$	1,307,348	$	2,890,519

___________________________

(1)Reflects the impact of the acquisitions of Fabric, Trove and Burgiss.

Intangible Assets, Net

The following table presents the amount of amortization expense related to intangible assets by category for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	$	25,267	$	15,831
Amortization expense of internally developed capitalized software	13,337		8,836
Total amortization of intangible assets expense	$	38,604	$	24,667

The gross carrying and accumulated amortization amounts related to the Company’s intangible assets were as follows:

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:		Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	710,995	$	(349,868)	$	361,127	$	709,299	$	(340,248)	$	369,051
Proprietary data	452,207		(74,675)		377,532		452,543		(64,694)		387,849
Acquired technology and software	238,285		(188,492)		49,793		228,785		(185,583)		43,202
Trademarks	209,090		(174,222)		34,868		209,090		(171,715)		37,375
Internally developed capitalized software	256,288		(131,129)		125,159		237,060		(118,303)		118,757
Total	$	1,866,865	$	(918,386)	$	948,479	$	1,836,777	$	(880,543)	$	956,234

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2024 and succeeding years:    

Years Ending December 31, (in thousands)	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2024	$	119,766
2025	134,968
2026	99,687
2027	71,025
2028	66,577
Thereafter	456,456
Total	$	948,479

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DEBT

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

DEBT

DEBT

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding an aggregate of $4,200.0 million in senior unsecured notes (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) and $336.9 million under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) as presented in the table below:

		Principal Amount Outstanding at		Carrying Value at		Carrying Value at		Fair Value at		Fair Value at
(in thousands)	Maturity Date	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Debt
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029	November 15, 2029	$	1,000,000	$	993,909	$	993,637	$	927,200	$	941,090
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030	September 1, 2030	900,000		895,752		895,587		799,911		815,526
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031	February 15, 2031	1,000,000		992,434		992,161		892,390		914,360
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031	November 1, 2031	600,000		595,017		594,852		521,682		529,458
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033	August 15, 2033	700,000		693,699		693,532		578,179		586,509
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027	February 16, 2027	—		—		337,959		—		337,367
Variable rate revolving loan commitments (1)	January 26, 2029	336,875		336,875		—		333,506		—
Total debt		$	4,536,875	$	4,507,686	$	4,507,728	$	4,052,868	$	4,124,310

___________________________

(1)As of March 31, 2024 there were $4.8 million in unamortized deferred financing fees associated with the variable rate revolving loan commitments of which $1.0 million is included in “Prepaid and other assets,” and $3.8 million is included in “Other non-current assets” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

Maturities of the Company’s principal debt payments as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

Maturity of Principal Debt Payments (in thousands)	Amounts
Remainder of 2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	—
2027	—
2028	—
Thereafter	4,536,875
Total debt	$	4,536,875

Interest payments attributable to the Company’s outstanding indebtedness are due as presented in the following table:

	Interest payment frequency	First interest payment date
Senior Notes and Revolving Loan Commitments
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029	Semi-Annual	May 15
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030	Semi-Annual	March 1
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031	Semi-Annual	June 1
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031	Semi-Annual	May 1
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033	Semi-Annual	February 15
Variable rate revolving loan commitments (1)	Variable	February 26

___________________________

(1)The first payment occurred on February 26, 2024.

The fair market value of the Company’s debt obligations represent Level 2 valuations. The Company utilized the market approach and obtained security pricing from a vendor who used broker quotes and third-party pricing services to determine fair values.

Credit Agreement. Since November 20, 2014, the Company has maintained a revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banks. On January 26, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), amending and restating in its entirety the Company’s prior Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Prior Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement makes available to the Company an aggregate of $1,250.0 million of revolving loan commitments under a

revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which may be drawn until January 26, 2029. At the closing of the Credit Agreement, the Company drew $336.9 million on the Revolving Credit Facility and primarily used the proceeds to prepay all senior unsecured Tranche A Term Loans (the “Tranche A Term Loans”) under the term loan A facility (the “TLA Facility”) under the Prior Credit Agreement. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are general unsecured obligations of the Company. The prepayment of the Tranche A Term Loans and the entry into the Credit Agreement resulted in an approximately $1.5 million loss on extinguishment related to unamortized debt issuance costs. The loss on extinguishment was recorded in “Other expense (income)” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income.

Interest on the revolving loans under the Credit Agreement accrues, at a variable rate, based on the secured overnight funding rate (“SOFR”) or the alternate base rate (“Base Rate”), plus, in each case, an applicable margin to be determined based on the credit ratings of the Company’s senior, unsecured long-term debt and will be due on each Interest Payment Date (as defined in the Credit Agreement). So long as the credit rating for the Company’s senior, unsecured long-term debt is set at BBB-/BBB- by each of S&P and Fitch, respectively, the applicable margin is 0.50% for Base Rate loans, and 1.50% for SOFR loans. At March 31, 2024, the interest rate on the revolving loans was 6.93%.

Interest on the Tranche A Term Loans under the TLA Facility accrued, at a variable rate, based on the secured overnight funding rate (“SOFR”) or the alternate base rate (“Base Rate”), plus, in each case, an applicable margin and was due on each Interest Payment Date (as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement). The applicable margin was calculated by reference to the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and ranged between 1.50% to 2.00% for SOFR loans, and 0.50% to 1.00% for Base Rate loans.

In connection with the closings of the Senior Notes offerings, entry into the Prior Credit Agreement and the subsequent amendments thereto and entry into the Credit Agreement, the Company paid certain financing fees which, together with the existing fees related to prior credit facilities, are being amortized over their related lives. At March 31, 2024, $33.9 million of the deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized, $1.0 million of which is included in “Prepaid and other assets,” $3.8 million of which is included in “Other non-current assets” and $29.1 million of which is included in “Long-term debt” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

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LEASES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

LEASES

The components of lease expense (income) of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating lease expenses	$	7,139	$	7,114
Variable lease costs	1,069		891
Short-term lease costs	215		251
Sublease income	(828)		(1,276)
Total lease costs	$	7,595	$	6,980

Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating
(in thousands)	Leases
Remainder of 2024	$	21,777
2025	31,114
2026	29,499
2027	23,649
2028	23,095
Thereafter	51,854
Total lease payments	$	180,988
Less: Interest	(22,199)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	158,789
Other accrued liabilities	$	23,746
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	135,043

Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
Lease Term and Discount Rate	2024		2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	6.68		7.04
Weighted-average discount rate	3.94	%	3.66	%

Other information related to the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

Other Information	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	7,626	$	7,408
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new     operating lease liabilities	$	23,237	$	3,432

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Return of capital

On July 28, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program (the “2022 Repurchase Program”) for the purchase of up to $1,000.0 million worth of shares of MSCI’s common stock in addition to the $539.1 million of authorization then remaining under a previously existing share repurchase program that was replaced by, and incorporated into, the 2022 Repurchase Program for a total of $1,539.1 million of stock repurchase authorization available under the 2022 Repurchase Program.

Share repurchases made pursuant to the 2022 Repurchase Program may take place in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time based on market and other conditions. This authorization may be modified, suspended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. As of March 31, 2024, there was $845.7 million of available authorization remaining under the 2022 Repurchase Program. The Company did not repurchase any of the Company’s common stock on the open market during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents dividends declared per common share as well as total amounts declared, distributed and deferred for the periods indicated:

	Dividends
(in thousands, except per share data)	Per Share		Declared		Distributed		(Released)/Deferred
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024	$	1.60	$	129,444	$	131,378	$	(1,934)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	$	1.38	$	111,986	$	112,189	$	(203)

Common Stock

The following table presents activity related to shares of common stock issued and repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Common Stock	Treasury	Common Stock
	Issued	Stock	Outstanding
Balance at December 31, 2023	133,817,332	(54,726,120)	79,091,212
Dividend payable/paid	61	—	61
Common stock issued	252,637	—	252,637
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(119,861)	(119,861)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	—	—
Shares issued to directors	67	(67)	—
Balance at March 31, 2024	134,070,097	(54,846,048)	79,224,049

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

The Company’s provision for income taxes was $39.9 million and $37.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The effective tax rate of 13.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 reflects the Company’s estimate of the effective tax rate for the period and was impacted by certain favorable discrete items totaling $20.2 million, primarily related to $13.0 million of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested during the period and $7.2 million of tax benefits related to prior year items.

The effective tax rate of 13.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflects the Company’s estimate of the effective tax rate for the period and was impacted by certain favorable discrete items totaling $16.5 million, primarily related to $11.1 million of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested during the period and $4.6 million of tax benefits related to the resolution of prior year items.

The Company is under or open to examination by the IRS and other tax authorities in certain jurisdictions, including foreign jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, Switzerland and India, and states in the United States in which the Company has significant operations, such as New York and California. The tax years currently under or open to examination vary by jurisdiction but include years from 2008 onwards.

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of additional assessments in each of the taxing jurisdictions in which it files income tax returns. The Company has established unrecognized tax benefits that the Company believes are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. Once established, the Company adjusts unrecognized tax benefits only when more information is available or when an event occurs necessitating a change. Based on the current status of income tax audits, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized benefits may decrease by approximately $22.1 million in the next twelve months as a result of the resolution of prior year items.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company's unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $1.4 million principally due to the resolution of prior year items

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SEGMENT INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT INFORMATION

SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has five operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate, Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions, which are presented as the following four reportable segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate and All Other – Private Assets. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company renamed the Burgiss operating segment to Private Capital Solutions. The operating segments of Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of All Other – Private Assets reportable segment.

Prior to the step acquisition of Burgiss on October 2, 2023, the Company’s ownership interest in Burgiss was classified as an equity-method investment. Therefore, prior to the acquisition of Burgiss, the All Other – Private Assets segment did not include the Company’s proportionate share of operating revenues and Adjusted EBITDA related to Burgiss. The Company’s proportionate share of the income or loss from its equity-method investment in Burgiss was not a component of Adjusted EBITDA as it was reported as a component of other (expense) income, net. Following the acquisition, the consolidated results of Burgiss were included in the Company’s Private Capital Solutions operating segment.

The Index operating segment offers equity and fixed income indexes. The indexes are used in many areas of the investment process, including for developing indexed financial products (e.g., Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”), mutual funds, annuities, futures, options, structured products and over-the-counter derivatives), performance benchmarking, portfolio construction and rebalancing, and asset allocation.

The Analytics operating segment offers risk management, performance attribution and portfolio management content, applications and services that provide clients with an integrated view of risk and return and tools for analyzing market, credit, liquidity, counterparty and climate risk across all major asset classes, spanning short-, medium- and long-term time horizons. Clients access Analytics tools and content through MSCI’s proprietary applications and application programming interfaces, third-party applications or directly through their own platforms. Additionally, the Analytics operating segment also provides various managed services to help clients operate more efficiently, including consolidation of client portfolio data from various sources, review and reconciliation of input data and results, and customized reporting.

The ESG and Climate operating segment offers products and services that help institutional investors understand how ESG and climate considerations can impact the long-term risk and return of their portfolio and individual security-level investments. In addition, the ESG and Climate operating segment provides data, ratings, research and tools to help investors navigate increasing regulation, meet new client demands and better integrate ESG and climate elements into their investment processes.

The Real Assets operating segment offers data, benchmarks, return-analytics, climate assessments and market insights for tangible assets such as real estate and infrastructure. In addition, Real Assets performance and risk analytics range from enterprise-wide to property-specific analysis. The Real Assets operating segment also provides business intelligence products to real estate owners, managers, developers and brokers worldwide.

The Private Capital Solutions operating segment offers a suite of tools to help private asset investors across mission-critical workflows, such as sourcing terms and conditions, evaluating operating performance of underlying portfolio companies, managing risk and other activities supporting private capital investing.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) measures and evaluates reportable segments based on segment operating revenues as well as Adjusted EBITDA and other measures. The Company excludes the following items from segment Adjusted EBITDA: provision for income taxes, other expense (income), net, depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, amortization of intangible assets and, at times, certain other transactions or adjustments, including certain acquisition-related integration and transaction costs, that the CODM does not consider for the purposes of making decisions to allocate resources among segments or to assess segment performance. Although these amounts are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA, they are included in reported consolidated net income and are included in the reconciliation that follows.

The following table presents operating revenues by reportable segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating revenues
Index	$	373,872	$	339,382
Analytics	163,966		147,070
ESG and Climate	77,884		67,058
All Other - Private Assets	64,243		38,708
Total	$	679,965	$	592,218

The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Index Adjusted EBITDA	$	277,760	$	253,682
Analytics Adjusted EBITDA	72,212		60,780
ESG and Climate Adjusted EBITDA	21,091		17,876
All Other - Private Assets Adjusted EBITDA	12,510		12,391
Total operating segment profitability	383,573		344,729
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460
Acquisition-related integration and transaction costs(1)	1,506		—
Operating income	339,382		314,602
Other expense (income), net	43,489		38,230
Provision for income taxes	39,939		37,644
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728

___________________________

(1)Represents transaction expenses and other costs directly related to the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses, including professional fees, severance expenses, regulatory filing fees and other costs, in each case that are incurred no later than 12 months after the close of the relevant acquisition.

Operating revenues by geography are primarily based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents operating revenues by geographic area for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating revenues
Americas:
United States	$	280,675	$	238,416
Other	30,358		27,536
Total Americas	311,033		265,952
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”):
United Kingdom	113,294		91,660
Other	151,684		138,319
Total EMEA	264,978		229,979
Asia & Australia:
Japan	26,573		26,017
Other	77,381		70,270
Total Asia & Australia	103,954		96,287
Total	$	679,965	$	592,218

Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, right of use assets and internally developed capitalized software, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Long-lived assets
Americas:
United States	$	231,650	$	204,238
Other	11,068		11,585
Total Americas	242,718		215,823
EMEA:
United Kingdom	17,913		18,403
Other	20,840		22,072
Total EMEA	38,753		40,475
Asia & Australia:
Japan	1,143		1,321
Other	29,524		31,507
Total Asia & Australia	30,667		32,828
Total	$	312,138	$	289,126

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	SUBSEQUENT EVENTSOn April 22, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share for the three months ending June 30, 2024 (“second quarter 2024”). The second quarter 2024 dividend is payable on May 31, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of trading on May 17, 2024

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 255,954	$ 238,728

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. If not materially different, certain note disclosures included therein have been omitted from these interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Use of Estimates

The Company makes certain estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of operating revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates and judgments made by management include such examples as assessment of impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and income taxes. The Company believes that estimates used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Concentrations

Concentrations

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) accounted for 10.0% and 10.2% of the Company’s consolidated operating revenues, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock accounted for 17.9% and 17.4% of the Index segment’s operating revenues, respectively. No single customer represented 10.0% or more of operating revenues within the Analytics, ESG and Climate or All Other – Private Assets segments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-07. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 aim to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and subsequent interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-09. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 aim to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

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INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses

Changes in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2024 were as follows:

(in thousands)	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,652
Addition to credit loss expense	2,196
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(880)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	3,968
Addition to credit loss expense	404
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(46)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	4,326

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REVENUE RECOGNITION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Operating Revenue

The tables that follow present the disaggregated operating revenues for the periods indicated:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	212,952	$	160,551	$	76,418	$	63,134	$	513,055
Asset-based fees	150,259		—		—		—		150,259
Non-recurring	10,661		3,415		1,466		1,109		16,651
Total	$	373,872	$	163,966	$	77,884	$	64,243	$	679,965

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	196,678	$	144,503	$	65,732	$	38,334	$	445,247
Asset-based fees	133,126		—		—		—		133,126
Non-recurring	9,578		2,567		1,326		374		13,845
Total	$	339,382	$	147,070	$	67,058	$	38,708	$	592,218

Schedule of Change in Accounts Receivable and Current Deferred Revenue

The tables that follow present the change in accounts receivable, net of allowances, and current deferred revenue between the dates indicated:

(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2023)	$	839,555	$	1,083,864
Closing (March 31, 2024)	745,611		1,053,961
Increase/(decrease)	$	(93,944)	$	(29,903)

(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2022)	$	663,236	$	882,886
Closing (March 31, 2023)	641,584		920,255
Increase/(decrease)	$	(21,652)	$	37,369

Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations

The remaining performance obligations for contracts that have a duration of greater than one year and the periods in which they are expected to be recognized are as follows:

	As of
	March 31,
(in thousands)	2024
First 12-month period	$	843,534
Second 12-month period	519,558
Third 12-month period	246,238
Periods thereafter	171,962
Total	$	1,781,292

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EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted EPS

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2024		2023
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	79,195		80,041
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs, RSUs and PSOs	313		441
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	79,508		80,482
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	3.23	$	2.98
Diluted	$	3.22	$	2.97

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ACQUISITIONS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Components of Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation

The table below represents the preliminary purchase price allocation to total assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the associated estimated useful lives as of the acquisition date.

(in thousands)	Estimated Useful Life	Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents		$	5,397
Accounts receivable		25,848
Prepaid Income Taxes		30
Other current assets		4,178
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		670
Right of use assets		3,443
Other non-current assets		471
Deferred revenue		(21,479)
Other current liabilities		(13,185)
Long-term operating lease liabilities		(2,525)
Intangible assets:
Proprietary data	11 years	229,900
Customer relationships	21 years	179,900
Acquired technology and software	3 years	19,000
Trademarks	1 year	900
Goodwill		617,386
Net assets acquired		$	1,049,934

Schedule of Preliminary Acquired Balances Related to Acquisition

The following table presents the preliminary acquired balances related to the acquisitions of Trove and Fabric:

(in thousands, except weighted average amortization period of intangible asset)	Trove		Fabric
Acquisition Date	November 1, 2023		January 2, 2024
Cash payments	$	37,473	$	7,959
Contingent consideration liability(1)	—		8,146
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,473	$	16,105
Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)	$	(4,787)	$	(226)
Intangible assets	7,705		11,300
Goodwill	34,555		5,031
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,473	$	16,105
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)	13.0		9.1

___________________________

(1)The fair value of the contingent consideration upon closing of the acquisition of Fabric was $8.1 million. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the contingent consideration was $8.3 million, of which $1.8 million is included in “Other accrued liabilities” and $6.5 million is included in “Other non-current liabilities” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition, and is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

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PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Computer & related equipment	$	170,762	$	192,008
Furniture & fixtures	15,990		16,169
Leasehold improvements	56,636		58,582
Work-in-process	982		897
Subtotal	244,370		267,656
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(188,568)		(211,736)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	55,802	$	55,920

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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Change to Company's Goodwill

The following table presents goodwill by reportable segment:

(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2023	$	1,203,435	$	290,976	$	84,724	$	1,308,557	$	2,887,692
Acquisitions (1)	—		5,031		(357)		(1,030)		3,644
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(291)		—		(347)		(179)		(817)
Goodwill at March 31, 2024	$	1,203,144	$	296,007	$	84,020	$	1,307,348	$	2,890,519

___________________________

(1)Reflects the impact of the acquisitions of Fabric, Trove and Burgiss.

Schedule of Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets by Category

The following table presents the amount of amortization expense related to intangible assets by category for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	$	25,267	$	15,831
Amortization expense of internally developed capitalized software	13,337		8,836
Total amortization of intangible assets expense	$	38,604	$	24,667

Schedule of Gross Carrying and Accumulated Amortization Amounts Related to Company's Intangible Assets

The gross carrying and accumulated amortization amounts related to the Company’s intangible assets were as follows:

	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:		Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	710,995	$	(349,868)	$	361,127	$	709,299	$	(340,248)	$	369,051
Proprietary data	452,207		(74,675)		377,532		452,543		(64,694)		387,849
Acquired technology and software	238,285		(188,492)		49,793		228,785		(185,583)		43,202
Trademarks	209,090		(174,222)		34,868		209,090		(171,715)		37,375
Internally developed capitalized software	256,288		(131,129)		125,159		237,060		(118,303)		118,757
Total	$	1,866,865	$	(918,386)	$	948,479	$	1,836,777	$	(880,543)	$	956,234

Estimated Amortization Expense for Remainder of 2022 and Succeeding Years

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2024 and succeeding years:    

Years Ending December 31, (in thousands)	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2024	$	119,766
2025	134,968
2026	99,687
2027	71,025
2028	66,577
Thereafter	456,456
Total	$	948,479

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DEBT (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Senior Unsecured Notes

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding an aggregate of $4,200.0 million in senior unsecured notes (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) and $336.9 million under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) as presented in the table below:

		Principal Amount Outstanding at		Carrying Value at		Carrying Value at		Fair Value at		Fair Value at
(in thousands)	Maturity Date	March 31, 2024		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Debt
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029	November 15, 2029	$	1,000,000	$	993,909	$	993,637	$	927,200	$	941,090
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030	September 1, 2030	900,000		895,752		895,587		799,911		815,526
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031	February 15, 2031	1,000,000		992,434		992,161		892,390		914,360
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031	November 1, 2031	600,000		595,017		594,852		521,682		529,458
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033	August 15, 2033	700,000		693,699		693,532		578,179		586,509
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027	February 16, 2027	—		—		337,959		—		337,367
Variable rate revolving loan commitments (1)	January 26, 2029	336,875		336,875		—		333,506		—
Total debt		$	4,536,875	$	4,507,686	$	4,507,728	$	4,052,868	$	4,124,310

___________________________

(1)As of March 31, 2024 there were $4.8 million in unamortized deferred financing fees associated with the variable rate revolving loan commitments of which $1.0 million is included in “Prepaid and other assets,” and $3.8 million is included in “Other non-current assets” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt

Maturities of the Company’s principal debt payments as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

Maturity of Principal Debt Payments (in thousands)	Amounts
Remainder of 2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	—
2027	—
2028	—
Thereafter	4,536,875
Total debt	$	4,536,875

Schedule of Interest Payments Due Attributable to Outstanding indebtedness

Interest payments attributable to the Company’s outstanding indebtedness are due as presented in the following table:

	Interest payment frequency	First interest payment date
Senior Notes and Revolving Loan Commitments
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029	Semi-Annual	May 15
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030	Semi-Annual	March 1
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031	Semi-Annual	June 1
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031	Semi-Annual	May 1
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033	Semi-Annual	February 15
Variable rate revolving loan commitments (1)	Variable	February 26

___________________________

(1)The first payment occurred on February 26, 2024.

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LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Expense (Income), Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate, and Other Information Related to the Company's Operating Leases

The components of lease expense (income) of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating lease expenses	$	7,139	$	7,114
Variable lease costs	1,069		891
Short-term lease costs	215		251
Sublease income	(828)		(1,276)
Total lease costs	$	7,595	$	6,980

Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
Lease Term and Discount Rate	2024		2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	6.68		7.04
Weighted-average discount rate	3.94	%	3.66	%

Other information related to the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

Other Information	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	7,626	$	7,408
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new     operating lease liabilities	$	23,237	$	3,432

Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liability

Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating
(in thousands)	Leases
Remainder of 2024	$	21,777
2025	31,114
2026	29,499
2027	23,649
2028	23,095
Thereafter	51,854
Total lease payments	$	180,988
Less: Interest	(22,199)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	158,789
Other accrued liabilities	$	23,746
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	135,043

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Dividends Declared Per Common Share and Total Amounts Declared, Distributed and Deferred

The following table presents dividends declared per common share as well as total amounts declared, distributed and deferred for the periods indicated:

	Dividends
(in thousands, except per share data)	Per Share		Declared		Distributed		(Released)/Deferred
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024	$	1.60	$	129,444	$	131,378	$	(1,934)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	$	1.38	$	111,986	$	112,189	$	(203)

Summary of Activity Related to Shares of Common Stock Issued and Repurchased

The following table presents activity related to shares of common stock issued and repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Common Stock	Treasury	Common Stock
	Issued	Stock	Outstanding
Balance at December 31, 2023	133,817,332	(54,726,120)	79,091,212
Dividend payable/paid	61	—	61
Common stock issued	252,637	—	252,637
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(119,861)	(119,861)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	—	—
Shares issued to directors	67	(67)	—
Balance at March 31, 2024	134,070,097	(54,846,048)	79,224,049

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Operating Revenues by Reportable Segment

The following table presents operating revenues by reportable segment for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating revenues
Index	$	373,872	$	339,382
Analytics	163,966		147,070
ESG and Climate	77,884		67,058
All Other - Private Assets	64,243		38,708
Total	$	679,965	$	592,218

Segment Profitability and Reconciliation to Net Income

The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Index Adjusted EBITDA	$	277,760	$	253,682
Analytics Adjusted EBITDA	72,212		60,780
ESG and Climate Adjusted EBITDA	21,091		17,876
All Other - Private Assets Adjusted EBITDA	12,510		12,391
Total operating segment profitability	383,573		344,729
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604		24,667
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081		5,460
Acquisition-related integration and transaction costs(1)	1,506		—
Operating income	339,382		314,602
Other expense (income), net	43,489		38,230
Provision for income taxes	39,939		37,644
Net income	$	255,954	$	238,728

___________________________

(1)Represents transaction expenses and other costs directly related to the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses, including professional fees, severance expenses, regulatory filing fees and other costs, in each case that are incurred no later than 12 months after the close of the relevant acquisition.

Operating Revenues by Geographic Area

Operating revenues by geography are primarily based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents operating revenues by geographic area for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating revenues
Americas:
United States	$	280,675	$	238,416
Other	30,358		27,536
Total Americas	311,033		265,952
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”):
United Kingdom	113,294		91,660
Other	151,684		138,319
Total EMEA	264,978		229,979
Asia & Australia:
Japan	26,573		26,017
Other	77,381		70,270
Total Asia & Australia	103,954		96,287
Total	$	679,965	$	592,218

Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area

Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, right of use assets and internally developed capitalized software, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated:

	As of
	March 31,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Long-lived assets
Americas:
United States	$	231,650	$	204,238
Other	11,068		11,585
Total Americas	242,718		215,823
EMEA:
United Kingdom	17,913		18,403
Other	20,840		22,072
Total EMEA	38,753		40,475
Asia & Australia:
Japan	1,143		1,321
Other	29,524		31,507
Total Asia & Australia	30,667		32,828
Total	$	312,138	$	289,126

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INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Narrative (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk - Blackrock Inc	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service Benchmark
Introduction And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Percentage of operating revenues accounted for by major customer	10.00%	10.20%
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Segment Benchmark | Index
Introduction And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Percentage of operating revenues accounted for by major customer	17.90%	17.40%

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INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, net of allowances
Balance at beginning of year	$ 3,968	$ 2,652
Addition to credit loss expense	404	2,196
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(46)	(880)
Balance at ending of year	$ 4,326	$ 3,968

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REVENUE RECOGNITION - Disaggregation of Operating Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 679,965	$ 592,218
Index
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	373,872	339,382
Analytics
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	163,966	147,070
ESG and Climate
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	77,884	67,058
All Other - Private Assets
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	64,243	38,708
Recurring subscriptions
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	513,055	445,247
Recurring subscriptions | Index
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	212,952	196,678
Recurring subscriptions | Analytics
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	160,551	144,503
Recurring subscriptions | ESG and Climate
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	76,418	65,732
Recurring subscriptions | All Other - Private Assets
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	63,134	38,334
Asset-based fees
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	150,259	133,126
Asset-based fees | Index
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	150,259	133,126
Asset-based fees | Analytics
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	0	0
Asset-based fees | ESG and Climate
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	0	0
Asset-based fees | All Other - Private Assets
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	0	0
Non-recurring
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	16,651	13,845
Non-recurring | Index
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	10,661	9,578
Non-recurring | Analytics
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	3,415	2,567
Non-recurring | ESG and Climate
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	1,466	1,326
Non-recurring | All Other - Private Assets
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 1,109	$ 374

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REVENUE RECOGNITION - Schedule of Change in Accounts Receivable and Current Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, net of allowances
Accounts receivable, beginning balance	$ 839,555	$ 663,236
Accounts receivable, ending balance	745,611	641,584
Accounts receivable, increase/(decrease)	(93,944)	(21,652)
Deferred revenue
Deferred revenue, beginning balance	1,083,864	882,886
Deferred revenue, ending balance	1,053,961	920,255
Deferred revenue, increase/(decrease)	$ (29,903)	$ 37,369

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REVENUE RECOGNITION - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Revenue recognized during period included in deferred revenue	$ 420.3	$ 356.6
Disclosure of remaining performance policy	For contracts that have a duration of one year or less, the Company has not disclosed either the remaining performance obligation as of the end of the reporting period or when the Company expects to recognize the revenue.
Other Non-Current Liabilities
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Long-term deferred revenue	$ 28.2		$ 28.8

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REVENUE RECOGNITION - Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 1,781,292
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2024-04-01
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 843,534
Remaining performance obligations, expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2025-04-01
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 519,558
Remaining performance obligations, expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2026-04-01
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 246,238
Remaining performance obligations, expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2027-04-01
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 171,962
Remaining performance obligations, expected timing of satisfaction, period

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EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 255,954	$ 238,728
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	79,195	80,041
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs, RSUs and PSOs (in shares)	313	441
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	79,508	80,482
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 3.23	$ 2.98
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 3.22	$ 2.97

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ACQUISITIONS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended
	Jan. 02, 2024	Nov. 01, 2023	Oct. 02, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage of voting interests acquired			66.40%
Payments to acquire businesses, gross			$ 696,800
Existing interest in acquiree, percentage			33.60%
Fair value at acquisition date			$ 353,200
Non-taxable gain recognized					$ 143,000
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)_			14 years 9 months 18 days
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date, actual				$ 24,200
Fabric RQ, Inc
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 7,959
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)_	9 years 1 month 6 days
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date, actual				200
Trove Research Ltd
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Payments to acquire businesses, gross		$ 37,473
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)_		13 years
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date, actual				$ 1,300

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ACQUISITIONS - Components of Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 02, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Intangible assets:
Goodwill		$ 2,890,519	$ 2,887,692
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,397
Accounts receivable	25,848
Prepaid Income Taxes	30
Other current assets	4,178
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	670
Right of use assets	3,443
Other non-current assets	471
Deferred revenue	(21,479)
Other current liabilities	(13,185)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	(2,525)
Intangible assets:
Goodwill	617,386
Net assets acquired	$ 1,049,934
Estimated Useful Life	14 years 9 months 18 days
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company | Proprietary data
Intangible assets:
Intangible assets	$ 229,900
Estimated Useful Life	11 years
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company | Customer relationships
Intangible assets:
Intangible assets	$ 179,900
Estimated Useful Life	21 years
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company | Acquired technology and software
Intangible assets:
Intangible assets	$ 19,000
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company | Trademarks
Intangible assets:
Intangible assets	$ 900
Estimated Useful Life	1 year

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ACQUISITIONS - Schedule of Preliminary Acquired Balances Related to Acquisition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 02, 2024	Nov. 01, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 2,890,519	$ 2,887,692
Trove Research Ltd
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash payments		$ 37,473
Contingent consideration liability		0
Aggregate purchase price		37,473
Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		(4,787)
Intangible assets		7,705
Goodwill		34,555
Net assets acquired		$ 37,473
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)_		13 years
Fabric RQ, Inc
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash payments	$ 7,959
Contingent consideration liability	8,146		8,300
Aggregate purchase price	16,105
Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)	(226)
Intangible assets	11,300
Goodwill	5,031
Net assets acquired	$ 16,105
Weighted average amortization period of acquired intangible assets (in years)_	9 years 1 month 6 days
Fabric RQ, Inc | Other Accrued liabilities
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration liability			1,800
Fabric RQ, Inc | Other Non-Current Liabilities
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration liability			$ 6,500

XML

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET - Schedule of Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Computer & related equipment	$ 170,762	$ 192,008
Furniture & fixtures	15,990	16,169
Leasehold improvements	56,636	58,582
Work-in-process	982	897
Subtotal	244,370	267,656
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(188,568)	(211,736)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$ 55,802	$ 55,920

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PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	$ 4,081	$ 5,460

XML

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Schedule of Change to Company's Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 2,887,692
Acquisitions	3,644
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(817)
Goodwill, ending balance	2,890,519
Index
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	1,203,435
Acquisitions	0
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(291)
Goodwill, ending balance	1,203,144
Analytics
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	290,976
Acquisitions	5,031
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	0
Goodwill, ending balance	296,007
ESG and Climate
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	84,724
Acquisitions	(357)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(347)
Goodwill, ending balance	84,020
All Other - Private Assets
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	1,308,557
Acquisitions	(1,030)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(179)
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 1,307,348

XML

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Schedule of Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets by Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 38,604	$ 24,667
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	25,267	15,831
Amortization expense of internally developed capitalized software
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 13,337	$ 8,836

XML

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Schedule of Gross Carrying and Accumulated Amortization Amounts Related to Company's Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	$ 1,866,865	$ 1,836,777
Accumulated amortization:	(918,386)	(880,543)
Net intangible assets:	948,479	956,234
Customer relationships
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	710,995	709,299
Accumulated amortization:	(349,868)	(340,248)
Net intangible assets:	361,127	369,051
Proprietary data
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	452,207	452,543
Accumulated amortization:	(74,675)	(64,694)
Net intangible assets:	377,532	387,849
Acquired technology and software
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	238,285	228,785
Accumulated amortization:	(188,492)	(185,583)
Net intangible assets:	49,793	43,202
Trademarks
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	209,090	209,090
Accumulated amortization:	(174,222)	(171,715)
Net intangible assets:	34,868	37,375
Internally developed capitalized software
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	256,288	237,060
Accumulated amortization:	(131,129)	(118,303)
Net intangible assets:	$ 125,159	$ 118,757

XML

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Estimated Amortization Expense for Remainder of 2024 and Succeeding Years (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 119,766
2025	134,968
2026	99,687
2027	71,025
2028	66,577
Thereafter	456,456
Net intangible assets:	$ 948,479	$ 956,234

XML

DEBT - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Jan. 26, 2024	Jun. 09, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			$ 4,536,875,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$ 1,500,000		1,510,000	$ 0
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			33,900,000
Long-term Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			29,100,000
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			0
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027 | Base Rate | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate		0.50%
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027 | Base Rate | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate		1.00%
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate		1.50%
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027 | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate		2.00%
Variable rate revolving loan commitments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			336,875,000
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			4,800,000
Variable rate revolving loan commitments | Prepaid and Other Assets
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			1,000,000.0
Variable rate revolving loan commitments | Other Non-Current Assets
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			3,800,000
Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			4,200,000,000
TLA Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			$ 336,900,000
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	1,250,000,000
Proceeds from debt	$ 336,900,000
Interest rate om the revolving loans			6.93%
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Agreement | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	0.50%
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Agreement | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate	1.50%

XML

DEBT - Schedule of Senior Unsecured Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	$ 4,536,875
Carrying value	4,507,686	$ 4,507,728
Fair value	4,052,868	4,124,310
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized	$ 33,900
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	4.00%
Maturity Date	Nov. 15, 2029
Principal amount outstanding	$ 1,000,000
Carrying value	993,909	993,637
Fair value	$ 927,200	941,090
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.625%
Maturity Date	Sep. 01, 2030
Principal amount outstanding	$ 900,000
Carrying value	895,752	895,587
Fair value	$ 799,911	815,526
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.875%
Maturity Date	Feb. 15, 2031
Principal amount outstanding	$ 1,000,000
Carrying value	992,434	992,161
Fair value	$ 892,390	914,360
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.625%
Maturity Date	Nov. 01, 2031
Principal amount outstanding	$ 600,000
Carrying value	595,017	594,852
Fair value	$ 521,682	529,458
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.25%
Maturity Date	Aug. 15, 2033
Principal amount outstanding	$ 700,000
Carrying value	693,699	693,532
Fair value	$ 578,179	586,509
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maturity Date	Feb. 16, 2027
Principal amount outstanding	$ 0
Carrying value	0	337,959
Fair value	$ 0	337,367
Variable rate revolving loan commitments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maturity Date	Jan. 26, 2029
Principal amount outstanding	$ 336,875
Carrying value	336,875	0
Fair value	333,506	$ 0
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized	4,800
Variable rate revolving loan commitments | Prepaid and Other Assets
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized	1,000
Variable rate revolving loan commitments | Other Non-Current Assets
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized	$ 3,800

XML

DEBT - Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 0
2025	0
2026	0
2027	0
2028	0
Thereafter	4,536,875
Total debt	$ 4,536,875

XML

DEBT - Schedule of Interest Payments Due Attributable to Outstanding Indebtedness (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	4.00%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--05-15
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.625%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--03-01
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.875%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--06-01
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.625%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--05-01
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate	3.25%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--02-15
Variable rate revolving loan commitments
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest payment frequency	Variable
First interest payment date	--02-26

XML

LEASES - Lease, Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expenses	$ 7,139	$ 7,114
Variable lease costs	1,069	891
Short-term lease costs	215	251
Sublease income	(828)	(1,276)
Total lease costs	$ 7,595	$ 6,980

XML

LEASES - Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Maturity of Lease Liabilities
Remainder of 2024	$ 21,777
2025	31,114
2026	29,499
2027	23,649
2028	23,095
Thereafter	51,854
Total lease payments	180,988
Less: Interest	(22,199)
Present value of lease liabilities	158,789
Other accrued liabilities	23,746
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$ 135,043	$ 120,134

XML

LEASES - Summary of Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate Under Operating Leases (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	6 years 8 months 4 days	7 years 14 days
Weighted-average discount rate	3.94%	3.66%

XML

LEASES - Summary of Other Information Under Operating Lease (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$ 7,626	$ 7,408
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 23,237	$ 3,432

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Jul. 28, 2022
Two Thousand Twenty Two Repurchase Program
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Repurchase program authorizing the purchase of shares			$ 1,000,000,000
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount	$ 845,700,000		1,539,100,000
2020 Repurchase Program
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount			$ 539,100,000
Open Market Repurchases
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)	0	0

XML

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Dividends Declared Per Common Share and Total Amounts Declared, Distributed and Deferred (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Dividend declared per common share (in USD per share)	$ 1.60	$ 1.38
Cash dividends declared	$ 129,444	$ 111,986
Cash dividends distributed	131,378	112,189
Cash dividends (released)/deferred	$ (1,934)	$ (203)

XML

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Summary of Activity Related to Shares of Common Stock Issued and Repurchased (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 shares
Movement In Equity Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	133,817,332
Beginning balance (in shares)	(54,726,120)
Beginning balance (in shares)	79,091,212
Ending balance (in shares)	134,070,097
Ending balance (in shares)	(54,846,048)
Ending balance (in shares)	79,224,049
Common Stock Issued
Movement In Equity Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	133,817,332
Dividend payable/paid (in shares)	61
Common stock issued (in shares)	252,637
Shares issued to directors (in shares)	67
Ending balance (in shares)	134,070,097
Treasury Stock
Movement In Equity Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	(54,726,120)
Shares withheld for tax withholding (in shares)	(119,861)
Shares issued to directors (in shares)	67
Ending balance (in shares)	(54,846,048)
Common Stock Outstanding
Movement In Equity Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	79,091,212
Dividend payable/paid (in shares)	61
Common stock issued (in shares)	252,637
Shares withheld for tax withholding (in shares)	(119,861)
Ending balance (in shares)	79,224,049

XML

INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for income taxes	$ 39,939	$ 37,644
Effective tax rate	13.50%	13.60%
Amounts effect on effective tax rate	$ 20,200	$ 16,500
Amount of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested	13,000	11,100
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, tax settlement, amount	7,200	$ 4,600
Decrease in unrecognized tax benefits is reasonably possible	22,100
Unrecognized tax benefits, decrease resulting from settlements with taxing authorities	$ 1,400

XML

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	5
Number of reportable segments	4

XML

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Operating Revenues by Reportable Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 679,965	$ 592,218
Index
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	373,872	339,382
Analytics
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	163,966	147,070
ESG and Climate
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	77,884	67,058
All Other - Private Assets
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 64,243	$ 38,708

XML

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Segment Profitability and Reconciliation to Net Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 383,573	$ 344,729
Amortization of intangible assets	38,604	24,667
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,081	5,460
Acquisition-related integration and transaction costs	1,506	0
Operating income	339,382	314,602
Other expense (income), net	43,489	38,230
Provision for income taxes	39,939	37,644
Net income	255,954	238,728
Index
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	277,760	253,682
Analytics
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	72,212	60,780
ESG and Climate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	21,091	17,876
All Other - Private Assets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 12,510	$ 12,391

XML

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Operating Revenues by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 679,965	$ 592,218
Total Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	311,033	265,952
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	280,675	238,416
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	30,358	27,536
Total EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	264,978	229,979
United Kingdom
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	113,294	91,660
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	151,684	138,319
Total Asia & Australia
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	103,954	96,287
Japan
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	26,573	26,017
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 77,381	$ 70,270

XML

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 312,138	$ 289,126
Total Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	242,718	215,823
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	231,650	204,238
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	11,068	11,585
Total EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	38,753	40,475
United Kingdom
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	17,913	18,403
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	20,840	22,072
Total Asia & Australia
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	30,667	32,828
Japan
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	1,143	1,321
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 29,524	$ 31,507

XML

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 22, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividend declared per common share (in USD per share)		$ 1.60	$ 1.38
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividend declared per common share (in USD per share)	$ 1.60