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Variable Interest Entities
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Variable Interest Entities
Variable Interest Entities
We participate in real estate ventures for the purpose of acquiring and developing residential, multifamily and mixed-use communities in which we may or may not have a controlling financial interest. Generally accepted accounting principles require consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) in which an enterprise has a controlling financial interest and is the primary beneficiary. A controlling financial interest will have both of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the VIE activities that most significantly impact economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb the VIE losses and right to receive benefits that are significant to the VIE. We examine specific criteria and use judgment when determining whether we are the primary beneficiary and must consolidate a VIE. We perform this review initially at the time we enter into venture agreements and continuously reassess to see if we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE.
At third quarter-end 2015, we have four VIEs. We account for these VIEs using the equity method since we are not the primary beneficiary. Although we have certain rights regarding major decisions, we do not have the power to direct the activities that are most significant to the economic performance of these VIEs. At third quarter-end 2015, these VIEs have total assets of $77,672,000, substantially all of which represent developed and undeveloped real estate, and total liabilities of $97,828,000, which includes $29,835,000 of borrowings classified as current maturities. These amounts are included in the summarized balance sheet information for ventures accounted for using the equity method in Note 7—Investment in Unconsolidated Ventures. At third quarter-end 2015, our investment in these VIEs is $8,822,000 and is included in investment in unconsolidated ventures. In first nine months 2015, we contributed $111,000 to these VIEs. Our maximum exposure to loss related to one of these VIEs is estimated at $3,808,000, which exceeds our investment as we have a nominal general partner interest and could be held responsible for its liabilities. The maximum exposure to loss represents the maximum loss that we could be required to recognize assuming all the ventures’ assets (principally real estate) are worthless, without consideration of the probability of a loss or of any actions we may take to mitigate any such loss.