In September 2019, the Company commenced a sub-lease of approximately 6,000 square feet of office space for the corporate headquarters in New York, New York with a term expiring in June 2023. In connection with the lease, the Company established an irrevocable letter of credit for approximately $0.4 million. Monthly lease payments were approximately $0.04 million.

In July 2021, the sublessor was released from the original lease by the landlord, and the Company attorned to the landlord the executory terms and provisions of the sub-lease. In February 2022, the Company entered into an extension of the New York office lease (retroactive to December 2021) through June 2026, with new monthly lease payments ranging from approximately $0.03 million to $0.04 million. The Company accounted for the amendment as a contract modification, and accordingly recorded an additional operating right-of-use asset of approximately $1.0 million and an additional operating lease liability of approximately $1.0 million.

In August 2019, the Company entered into an agreement to lease approximately 26,905 square feet in Houston, Texas to build a manufacturing facility and office with a term expiring in August 2029. The Company has the option to renew the lease term for two additional five-year terms. The renewal periods were not included in the lease term for purposes of determining the lease liability or right-of-use asset. Monthly rent payments were approximately $0.03 million. In connection with the lease, the Company paid a security deposit of approximately $0.04 million and prepaid rent of approximately $0.04 million.

In September 2020, the Company amended the lease agreement to further increase the rentable space to 42,342 square feet. The commencement date of the expansion space lease was January 1, 2021 and the monthly rent payments increased to a range of approximately $0.05 million to $0.06 million.

As a result of the reverse merger, the Company assumed an operating lease for approximately 33,300 square feet of office space in Seattle, Washington for offices, a laboratory for research and development, and related uses. The lease expires on February 1, 2029, with the option to extend the lease for two additional five-year terms. The renewal periods were not included in the lease term for purposes of determining the lease liability or right-of-use asset.

As a result of the reverse merger, the Company assumed an operating lease for approximately 6,272 square feet of office space in Seattle, Washington for additional office and laboratory space for research and development and related uses (the “Eastlake Lease”). The lease expires on September 30, 2026. The Company also assumed the existing agreement to sublease the Eastlake Lease to an unrelated third party (“Eastlake Sublease”). Pursuant to the terms of the Eastlake Sublease, Neurogene is entitled to receive approximately $1.6 million in lease payments. The Company recorded sublease income of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The Company recorded sublease income of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Sublease income is included in other income in the statement of operations. The term of the sublease is through September 30, 2026.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Operating lease cost	$	459	$	508	$	1,415	$	1,553
Finance lease cost
Amortization of finance leases	12		12		38		39
Interest on finance lease liabilities	1		3		4		9
Variable lease cost	395		364		1,132		978
Short-term lease cost	16		18		45		53
Total lease cost	$	883	$	905	$	2,634	$	2,632

Under the CVR Agreement, each CVR holder is eligible to receive certain net savings, if any, realized by June 30, 2029 in connection with certain legacy lease obligations (the “Lease CVR”). As of September 30, 2025, approximately $0.7 million was recorded as a component of the contingent value rights liability on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet consisting of lease commitments that were probable and estimable at the Closing. The commitments relate to Neoleukin’s sublease agreement, effective October 31, 2023, for one of its properties with an unrelated third party for the remainder of the lease term.

Under the CVR Agreement, each CVR holder is eligible to receive 100% of the net proceeds, if any, derived from any consideration paid as a result of the disposition of Neoleukin’s pre-merger legacy assets pursuant any agreements entered into before the Closing, and 80% of net proceeds, if any, derived from any consideration paid as a result of the disposition of Neoleukin’s pre-merger legacy assets pursuant any agreements entered into within one year after the Closing (the “Intellectual Property CVR”). Contingent consideration liabilities related to the CVR Agreement will only be recorded if the liabilities are probable and estimable as of the balance sheet date. Refer to the December 2023 CVR Licensing Agreement and April 2024 CVR Licensing Agreement subsections below for further detail on the current agreements related to the Company’s Intellectual Property CVR.

Prior to the Closing, Neoleukin entered into a licensing agreement on December 13, 2023 with an unrelated third party to develop and commercialize certain legacy Neoleukin assets (the “December 2023 CVR Licensing Agreement”). In June 2024, an upfront payment of $0.2 million was received by the Company and was recorded as licensing revenue within the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Since the December 2023 CVR Licensing Agreement was entered into before the Closing, the CVR holders are eligible to receive 100% of the net proceeds derived from the December 2023 CVR Licensing Agreement. The December 2023 CVR Licensing Agreement contains development, regulatory and commercialization milestones totaling up to approximately $13.4 million, as well as royalty payments. However, as of September 30, 2025, no other development and sales milestones were achieved nor deemed probable of achievement under the December 2023 CVR Licensing Agreement.

In April 2024, the Company entered into a licensing and intellectual property assignment agreement with another unrelated third party to develop and commercialize certain legacy Neoleukin assets (the “April 2024 CVR Licensing Agreement”). In April 2024, the Company received a one-time upfront payment of approximately $0.8 million and reimbursement of $0.01 million for patent expenses under the April 2024 CVR Licensing Agreement. Accordingly, the Company recorded $0.8 million as licensing revenue within the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Since the April 2024 CVR Licensing Agreement was entered into within one year after the Closing, the CVR holders are eligible to receive 80% of the net proceeds derived from the April 2024 CVR Licensing Agreement. The April 2024 CVR Licensing Agreement contains development, regulatory and commercialization milestones totaling up to approximately $11.0 million, as well as royalty payments. However, as of September 30, 2025, no other development and sales milestones were achieved nor deemed probable of achievement under the April 2024 CVR Licensing Agreement.

The December 2023 CVR Licensing Agreement and April 2024 CVR Licensing Agreement collectively account for the total Intellectual Property CVR. The total amount of $0.9 million due under the Intellectual Property CVR was offset by $0.6 million paid to the CVR holders over two CVR payments as discussed below. As of September 30, 2025, the Company recorded $0.3 million within the contingent value rights liability on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet arising from offsets to permitted deductions to the Intellectual Property CVR that were incurred subsequent to June 30, 2024.

Prior to the Closing, Neoleukin entered into an agreement with an unrelated third party for refund analysis services of Washington state sales tax. As discussed and defined within Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Contingent Value Rights, the terms of the CVR Agreement include that CVR holders are eligible to receive net proceeds derived from an anticipated sales tax refund from Washington state relating to tax returns filed by Neoleukin prior to Closing. As of September 30, 2025, the Company received the proceeds from Washington state for the sales tax refund and remitted the proceeds to the CVR holders.

In August 2024, the Company made the first CVR payment to CVR holders, net of expenses, of $0.6 million. $0.5 million was applied to the Intellectual Property CVR and $0.1 million was applied to the Lease CVR, reducing the respective liabilities. In August 2025, the Company made the second CVR payment to CVR holders of $0.8 million. $0.4 million was applied to the Sales Tax CVR and $0.4 million was applied to the Lease CVR, reducing the respective liabilities.


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Current		Non-Current		Current		Non-Current
Lease CVR	$	312	$	427	$	436	$	718
Intellectual Property CVR	326		—		295		—
Sales Tax CVR	—		—		360		—
Total CVR liability	$	638	$	427	$	1,091	$	718

All other payments under the CVR Agreement were not considered probable and estimable as of September 30, 2025 and therefore, no additional contingent consideration liability has been recorded. The Company will evaluate the probable and estimable range of outcomes under the CVR Agreement at each reporting period until the end of the CVR term and adjust the amounts accrued for, as necessary.

The Company is subject to litigation and other claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. While the ultimate result of outstanding legal matters cannot presently be determined, the Company does not expect that the ultimate disposition will have a material effect on its results of financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, legal matters are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Company’s control. As such, there can be no assurance that the final outcome of any particular legal matter will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.