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Award Timing Disclosure

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Aug. 07, 2024

USD ($)

$ / shares

Award Timing Disclosures [Line Items]

Award Timing MNPI Disclosure

Equity Award Grant Practices

We have had no program, plan or practice pertaining to the timing of stock option grants to named executive officers coinciding with the release of material non-public information, or MNPI. The compensation committee has historically approved grants of options annually each year as part of our annual compensation cycle. The timing of any equity grants to newly-hired employees, or in connection with promotions or other non-routine grants, is generally tied to the event giving rise to the award (such as an executive officer’s commencement of employment or promotion effective date). Any grants to executive officers are generally approved at meetings of the compensation committee or our board of directors, except under extraordinary circumstances.

For all stock option awards, the exercise price is no less than the closing price of our common stock on the date of the grant. The following table sets forth information for certain stock options granted to our named executive officers during 2024. In the event an issuer grants stock options or option-like instruments within the period commencing four business days prior to and ending one business day following the filing by the Company of a Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or Form 8-K containing material non-public information as required under Item 402(x) of Regulation S-K, Item 402(x) of Regulation S-K requires tabular disclosure of certain information related to such awards. The table below is being provided because certain of the stock options granted to our named executive officers during 2024 were granted within the period commencing four business days prior to and ending one business day following the filing by the Company of a Form 10-K, Form 10-Q or Form 8-K containing material non-public information.


Name	Grant Date	Number of Securities Underlying the Award		Exercise Price of the Award		Grant Date Fair Value of the Award		Percentage Change in the Closing Market Price of the Securities Underlying the Award Between the Trading Day Ending Immediately Prior to the Disclosure of MNPI and the Trading Day Beginning Immediately Following the Disclosure of MNPI
Matthew J. D'Onofrio	8/7/2024		64,840	$	5.27	$	281,762		-0.7	%
Mark Kowieski, CPA	8/7/2024		17,291	$	5.27	$	74,801		-0.7	%
Marilyn R. Carlson, D.M.D., M.D.	8/7/2024		17,291	$	5.27	$	74,801		-0.7	%

Award Timing Predetermined

true

Award Timing MNPI Considered

true

Award Timing, How MNPI Considered

The compensation committee has historically approved grants of options annually each year as part of our annual compensation cycle. The timing of any equity grants to newly-hired employees, or in connection with promotions or other non-routine grants, is generally tied to the event giving rise to the award (such as an executive officer’s commencement of employment or promotion effective date). Any grants to executive officers are generally approved at meetings of the compensation committee or our board of directors, except under extraordinary circumstances.

Awards Close in Time to MNPI Disclosures, Table


Name	Grant Date	Number of Securities Underlying the Award		Exercise Price of the Award		Grant Date Fair Value of the Award		Percentage Change in the Closing Market Price of the Securities Underlying the Award Between the Trading Day Ending Immediately Prior to the Disclosure of MNPI and the Trading Day Beginning Immediately Following the Disclosure of MNPI
Matthew J. D'Onofrio	8/7/2024		64,840	$	5.27	$	281,762		-0.7	%
Mark Kowieski, CPA	8/7/2024		17,291	$	5.27	$	74,801		-0.7	%
Marilyn R. Carlson, D.M.D., M.D.	8/7/2024		17,291	$	5.27	$	74,801		-0.7	%