Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity under the Restated 2013 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2024:

						Weighted-Average
						Remaining
				Weighted-Average		Contractual		Aggregate
	Shares			Exercise Price		Term (in years)		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		51,983		$	170.90		7.1
Granted		126,015			5.29
Expired		(248	)		1,036.80
Forfeited or cancelled		(51,735	)		166.75
Outstanding at December 31, 2024		126,015		$	5.29		7.2	$	—
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2024		126,015		$	5.29		7.2	$	—
Exercisable at December 31, 2024		5,442		$	5.27		7.5	$	—

Summary of Estimated Fair Value of Stock Option Award

The estimated fair value of each stock option award granted was determined on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing valuation model with the following assumptions:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Risk free interest rate	3.8% – 4.5%	1.34% – 3.39%
Expected option term (in years)	5.5 – 6.0	5.5 – 6.0
Volatility of common stock	105.8% – 107.1%	99.3% – 103.6%
Expected dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%

Summary of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	4,231	$	2,840
Selling, general and administrative		768,890		1,125,269
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	773,121	$	1,128,109

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Stock options	$	766,908	$	1,128,109
ESPP		6,213		—
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	773,121	$	1,128,109

Summary of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2024 is as follows:

Stock options issued and outstanding	126,015
Warrants issued and outstanding	1,853,047
Authorized for future option grants	449,608
Authorized for employee stock purchase plan	14,900
Total common stock reserved for future issuance	2,443,570

Summary of the Company's Warrants Outstanding

Each of the outstanding warrants is convertible on a one-for-one basis into the Company’s common stock and are fully exercisable as of December 31, 2024. The following table is a summary of the Company’s warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2024:

	Number of
	Warrants Outstanding		Exercise Price		Initial Exercise Date	Expiration Date
Pre-Funded Warrants		528,609	$	0.0012	February 13, 2024	Until Exercised in Full
Series A Warrants		354,022	$	8.16	February 13, 2024	February 13, 2029
Modified Series A Warrants(1)		281,080	$	0.01	February 13, 2024	February 13, 2029
Series C Warrants		392,754	$	8.16	February 13, 2024	February 13, 2029
Modified Series C Warrants(1)		250,627	$	0.01	February 13, 2024	February 13, 2029
Representativesʼ Warrants		45,955	$	13.47	August 13, 2024	February 13, 2029
Total warrants		1,853,047

The Modified Series A Warrants and Modified Series C Warrants represent Series A Warrants and Series C Warrants, respectively, modified under the September 2024 Exercise Price Warrant Amendment.

Amended and Restated ESPP [Member]

Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of Estimated Fair Value of Stock Option Award

The estimated fair value of each ESPP award granted was determined on the date of purchase date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing valuation model with the following assumptions:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2024
Risk free interest rate	4.9%
Expected option term (in years)	0.5
Volatility of common stock	91.5%
Expected dividend yield	0.0%