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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________________ to __________________
 
Commission File Number  001-33572
Bank of Marin Bancorp
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
California 20-8859754
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (IRS Employer Identification No.)
504 Redwood Blvd. Suite 100NovatoCA 94947
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (415) 763-4520

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and formal fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par valueBMRCThe Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes                   No  
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes                   No 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.   
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes      No   

As of April 30, 2023, there were 16,115,082 shares of common stock outstanding.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
PART I
   
ITEM 1.
 
 
 
 
 
   
ITEM 2.
   
ITEM 3.
   
ITEM 4.
   
PART II
   
ITEM 1.
   
ITEM 1A.
   
ITEM 2.
   
ITEM 3.
   
ITEM 4.
   
ITEM 5.
   
ITEM 6.
   



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PART I       FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.  Financial Statements 
BANK OF MARIN BANCORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION 
(in thousands, except share data; unaudited)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Assets  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$37,993 $45,424 
Investment securities: 
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (net of zero allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022)
958,560 972,207 
Available-for-sale, at fair value (net of zero allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022)
797,533 802,096 
Total investment securities1,756,093 1,774,303 
Loans, at amortized cost2,112,328 2,092,546 
Allowance for credit losses on loans(23,330)(22,983)
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans
2,088,998 2,069,563 
Goodwill72,754 72,754 
Bank-owned life insurance67,006 67,066 
Operating lease right-of-use assets22,854 24,821 
Bank premises and equipment, net8,690 8,134 
Core deposit intangible, net4,771 5,116 
Other real estate owned455 455 
Interest receivable and other assets75,665 79,828 
Total assets$4,135,279 $4,147,464 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity  
Liabilities  
Deposits:  
Non-interest bearing$1,636,651 $1,839,114 
Interest bearing 
Transaction accounts251,716 287,651 
Savings accounts306,951 338,163 
Money market accounts911,189 989,390 
Time accounts144,067 119,030 
Total deposits3,250,574 3,573,348 
Short-term borrowings and other obligations405,802 112,439 
Operating lease liabilities25,433 26,639 
Interest payable and other liabilities23,296 22,946 
Total liabilities3,705,105 3,735,372 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 8)
Stockholders' Equity  
Preferred stock, no par value,
    Authorized - 5,000,000 shares, none issued
  
Common stock, no par value,
Authorized - 30,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding - 16,107,210 and 16,029,138 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively
215,965 215,057 
Retained earnings276,209 270,781 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes(62,000)(73,746)
Total stockholders' equity430,174 412,092 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$4,135,279 $4,147,464 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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BANK OF MARIN BANCORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Three months ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts; unaudited)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022
Interest income  
Interest and fees on loans$24,258 $23,500 $23,677 
Interest on investment securities10,033 10,126 6,693 
Interest on federal funds sold and due from banks56 575 106 
Total interest income34,347 34,201 30,476 
Interest expense 
Interest on interest-bearing transaction accounts254 191 56 
Interest on savings accounts170 32 29 
Interest on money market accounts1,085 405 478 
Interest on time accounts223 114 14 
Interest on borrowings and other obligations2,716 89 1 
Total interest expense4,448 831 578 
Net interest income29,899 33,370 29,898 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans350  (485)
Reversal of credit losses on unfunded loan commitments(174) (318)
Net interest income after provision for (reversal of) credit losses29,723 33,370 30,701 
Non-interest income
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance, net705 296 413 
Service charges on deposit accounts533 519 488 
Wealth Management and Trust Services511 490 600 
Debit card interchange fees, net447 513 505 
Dividends on Federal Home Loan Bank stock302 297 259 
Merchant interchange fees, net133 119 140 
Other income304 353 462 
Total non-interest income2,935 2,587 2,867 
Non-interest expense
Salaries and related benefits10,930 9,600 11,548 
Occupancy and equipment2,414 2,084 1,907 
Professional services1,123 985 913 
Data processing1,045 1,080 1,277 
Depreciation and amortization882 581 452 
Information technology370 678 478 
Amortization of core deposit intangible345 365 380 
Directors' expense321 269 311 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance289 293 290 
Charitable contributions49 104 45 
Other real estate owned4 4 2 
Other expense2,008 2,267 1,772 
Total non-interest expense19,780 18,310 19,375 
Income before provision for income taxes12,878 17,647 14,193 
Provision for income taxes3,438 4,766 3,728 
Net income$9,440 $12,881 $10,465 
Net income per common share: 
Basic$0.59 $0.81 $0.66 
Diluted$0.59 $0.81 $0.66 
Weighted average shares: 
Basic15,970 15,948 15,876 
Diluted15,999 16,001 15,946 
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income$9,440 $12,881 $10,465 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities16,213 8,474 (38,228)
Net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity  (14,847)
Amortization of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity463 454 144 
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax16,676 8,928 (52,931)
Deferred tax expense (benefit)4,930 2,639 (15,648)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax11,746 6,289 (37,283)
Total comprehensive income (loss)$21,186 $19,170 $(26,818)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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BANK OF MARIN BANCORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
(in thousands, except share data; unaudited)Common StockRetained
Earnings
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive (Loss) Income,
Net of Taxes
 Total
SharesAmount
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Balance at January 1, 202316,029,138 $215,057 $270,781 $(73,746)$412,092 
Net income— — 9,440 — 9,440 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax— — — 11,746 11,746 
Stock options exercised, net of shares surrendered for cashless exercises and tax withholdings11,530 230 — — 230 
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plan415 9 — — 9 
Stock issued under employee stock ownership plan14,300 423 — — 423 
Restricted stock granted49,428 — — — — 
Restricted stock surrendered for tax withholdings upon vesting(2,213)(65)— — (65)
Stock-based compensation - stock options— 116 — — 116 
Stock-based compensation - restricted stock— 45 — — 45 
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($0.25 per share)
— — (4,012)— (4,012)
Stock issued in payment of director fees4,612 150 — — 150 
Balance at March 31, 202316,107,210 $215,965 $276,209 $(62,000)$430,174 
Three months ended March 31, 2022
Balance at January 1, 202215,929,243 $212,524 $239,868 $(2,024)$450,368 
Net income— — 10,465 — 10,465 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax— — — (37,283)(37,283)
Stock options exercised, net of shares surrendered for cashless exercises and tax withholdings35,543 739 — — 739 
Stock issued under employee stock ownership plan12,000 417 — — 417 
Restricted stock granted46,672 — — — — 
Restricted stock surrendered for tax withholdings upon vesting(836)(29)— — (29)
Restricted stock forfeited / cancelled(649)— — — — 
Stock-based compensation - stock options— 86 — — 86 
Stock-based compensation - restricted stock— 151 — — 151 
Cash dividends paid on common stock ($0.24 per share)
— — (3,822)— (3,822)
Stock issued in payment of director fees5,149 193 — — 193 
Stock repurchased, including commissions(23,275)(877)— — (877)
Balance at March 31, 202216,003,847 $213,204 $246,511 $(39,307)$420,408 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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BANK OF MARIN BANCORP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
(in thousands; unaudited)20232022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:  
Net income$9,440 $10,465 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans350 (485)
Reversal of credit losses on unfunded loan commitments(174)(318)
Noncash contribution expense to employee stock ownership plan423 417 
Noncash director compensation expense150 193 
Stock-based compensation expense161 237 
Amortization of core deposit intangible345 380 
Amortization of investment security premiums, net of accretion of discounts1,964 2,497 
(Accretion of discounts) amortization of premiums on acquired loans, net(168)115 
Net change in deferred loan origination costs/fees(324)(1,591)
Depreciation and amortization882 452 
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance policies(705)(413)
Net changes in interest receivable and other assets(203)4,648 
Net changes in interest payable and other liabilities1,303 (5,118)
Total adjustments4,004 1,014 
Net cash provided by operating activities13,444 11,479 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:  
Purchase of held-to-maturity securities (95,932)
Purchase of available-for-sale securities (243,459)
Proceeds from paydowns/maturities of held-to-maturity securities 13,634 5,067 
Proceeds from paydowns/maturities of available-for-sale securities 19,288 42,966 
(Increase) decrease in loans receivable, net(19,072)54,524 
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance policies 350 
Purchase of premises and equipment(1,438)(130)
Cash paid for low income housing tax credit investment(38)(4)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities12,374 (236,618)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:  
Net (decrease) increase in deposits(322,774)52,792 
Proceeds from short-term Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings, net293,400  
Repayment of finance lease obligations(37)(31)
Proceeds from stock options exercised230 739 
Restricted stock surrendered for tax withholdings upon vesting(65)(29)
Cash dividends paid on common stock(4,012)(3,822)
Stock repurchased, including commissions (1,250)
Proceeds from stock issued under employee and director stock purchase plans9  
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(33,249)48,399 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(7,431)(176,740)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period45,424 347,641 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$37,993 $170,901 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid in interest$4,290 $588 
Cash paid in income taxes$ $ 
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:  
Change in net unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities$16,213 $(38,228)
Securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, at fair value$ $357,482 
Amortization of net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities transferred to held-to-maturity$463 $144 
Bank-owned life insurance benefit receivable$765 $ 
Stock issued to employee stock ownership plan$423 $417 
Restricted cash1
$ $930 
1 Restricted cash includes reserve requirements held with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and other cash pledged. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve reduced the reserve requirement ratios to zero percent effective March 26, 2020.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
 
Note 1:  Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bancorp, a bank holding company, and its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Bank of Marin, a California state-chartered commercial bank. References to “we,” “our,” “us” mean Bancorp and the Bank that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes. The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations.

Although we believe that the disclosures are adequate and the information presented is not misleading, we suggest that these interim financial statements be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements and the notes thereto included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.  In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position, the results of operations, changes in comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the periods presented. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The results of these interim periods may not be indicative of the results for the full year or for any other period.
 
The following table shows: 1) weighted average basic shares, 2) potentially dilutive weighted average common shares related to stock options and unvested restricted stock awards, and 3) weighted average diluted shares. Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period, excluding unvested restricted stock awards. Diluted EPS are calculated using the weighted average number of potentially dilutive common shares. The number of potentially dilutive common shares included in the quarterly diluted EPS is computed using the average market prices during the three months included in the reporting period under the treasury stock method. In computing diluted EPS, we exclude anti-dilutive shares such as options whose exercise prices exceed the current common stock price, as they would not reduce EPS under the treasury method. We have two forms of outstanding common stock: common stock and unvested restricted stock awards. Holders of unvested restricted stock awards receive non-forfeitable dividends at the same rate as common shareholders and they both share equally in undistributed earnings. Under the two-class method, the difference in EPS is nominal for these participating securities.
Three months ended
(in thousands, except per share data)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding15,970 15,876 
Potentially dilutive common shares related to:
Stock options14 52 
Unvested restricted stock awards15 18 
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding15,999 15,946 
Net income$9,440 $10,465 
Basic EPS$0.59 $0.66 
Diluted EPS$0.59 $0.66 
Weighted average anti-dilutive common shares not included in the calculation of diluted EPS250 125 

Note 2: Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendment eliminated the recognition measurement guidance for troubled debt restructured ("TDR") loans and instead enhanced disclosure requirements for certain loan modifications when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendment required that an entity include in its vintage disclosures the current period gross loan charge-offs by year of origination. We early adopted the current period charge-off disclosures in the first quarter of 2022. We adopted the loan modification provisions as of January 1, 2023 using a modified retrospective method. The cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings was considered immaterial. Refer to Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans, for additional information.
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In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method. Among other things, the ASU renamed the "last-of-layer" method to the "portfolio layer" method and made fair value hedging more accessible for hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios and financial assets. For example, the guidance permits an entity to apply the same portfolio hedging method to both prepayable and non-prepayable financial assets, thereby providing for consistency between accounting for similar hedges. We adopted the amendments on January 1, 2023, which had no effect on our existing hedge accounting, disclosures, financial condition or results of operations.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective
In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The amendments in this ASU are elective and provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden of accounting for, or recognizing the effects of reference rate reform. The amendments in this ASU provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The amendments in this ASU may be elected December 31, 2024 (as amended by ASU No. 2022-06 discussed below). An entity may elect the amendments in this update at an interim period with adoption methods varying based on transaction type. We have not elected to apply amendments at this time and will assess the applicability of this ASU to us as we continue to monitor guidance for reference rate reform from FASB and its impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The main amendments in this ASU intend to clarify certain optional expedients and scope of derivative instruments. The amendments are elective and effective immediately upon issuance of this ASU. Amendments may be elected through December 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, we had four interest rate swap contracts with notional values totaling $11.8 million indexed to LIBOR that will either be subject to the fall-back index rate stipulated by the ISDA protocol or modified to other reference rates such as Prime or SOFR as mutually agreed by our counterparty and us. We have not elected to apply the amendments at this time and will continue to assess the applicability of this ASU to us as we monitor guidance for reference rate reform from FASB and its impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. The objective of the guidance in Topic 848 was to provide temporary relief during the transition period, as noted in the discussion of ASU 2020-04 above, under which the sunset provision was based on an expectation that LIBOR would cease being published after December 31, 2021. In March 2021, the UK Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") announced that the intended cessation date of certain tenors of USD LIBOR would be June 30, 2023, which is beyond the current sunset date of Topic 848. Therefore, this amendment deferred the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024.

In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The amendment reduces diversity in practice by clarifying that a separate contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. In addition, this ASU provided amended examples to illustrate that a restriction that is a characteristic of the equity security, which market participants would take into account when pricing them, would be considered in measuring fair value. This ASU also introduces new disclosure requirements. The amendments are effective prospectively for years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements. As discussed in Note 4, Investment Securities, we hold Visa Inc. Class B common stock that is legally restricted from resale to non-member banks of Visa U.S.A. until the covered litigation against Visa Inc. is settled. While the adoption of the amendments may require additional disclosures, we do not anticipate that it will impact our financial condition or results of operations.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements. For public companies, the amendment requires entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control lease arrangements over the useful life of the improvements to the common control group, as opposed to the shorter of the remaining lease term and the useful life of the improvements for all other operating leases. The amendments are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2023, and may be adopted either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements. We currently do not
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have common control lease arrangements, and therefore do not anticipate that the amendments will impact our financial condition and results of operations.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. Under current GAAP, an entity can only elect to apply the proportional amortization method to investments in low-income housing tax credit ("LIHTC") structures. The proportional amortization method results in the cost of the investment being amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received, with the amortization of the investment and the income tax credits being presented net in the consolidated statements of income as a component of income tax expense (benefit). The amendments will allow entities to elect to account for all other equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits to using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the tax credit program through which the investment earns income tax credits, when certain conditions are met. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and may be adopted either on a modified retrospective basis or retrospectively. Other than investments in LIHTC funds, as disclosed in Note 4, Investment Securities, we currently have no other equity investments made primarily for the purpose of receiving income tax credits, and therefore do not anticipate that the amendments will impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Note 3:  Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
 
Fair Value Hierarchy and Fair Value Measurement
 
We group our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value into three levels within the fair value hierarchy, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:
 
Level 1: Valuations are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2: Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuations for which all significant assumptions are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
 
Level 3: Valuations are based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Values are determined using pricing models and discounted cash flow models and may include significant management judgment and estimation.

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized through our monthly and/or quarterly valuation process in the reporting period during which the event or circumstances that caused the transfer occurred. No such transfers occurred in the years presented.

The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities that were required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
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(in thousands)  
Description of Financial Instruments
Carrying ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs 
(Level 3)
Measurement Categories: Changes in Fair Value Recorded In1
March 31, 2023    
Securities available-for-sale:    
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. government-sponsored agencies$471,458 $ $471,458 $ OCI
SBA-backed securities$37,971 $ $37,971 $ OCI
Debentures of government sponsored agencies$137,121 $ $137,121 $ OCI
U.S. Treasury securities$10,524 $10,524 $ $ OCI
Obligations of state and political subdivisions$105,136 $ $105,136 $ OCI
Corporate bonds$33,961 $ $33,961 $ OCI
   Asset-backed securities$1,362 $ $1,362 $ OCI
Derivative financial assets (interest rate contracts)$404 $ $404 $ NI
Derivative financial liabilities (interest rate contracts)$23 $ $23 $ NI
December 31, 2022
Securities available-for-sale:  
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. government-sponsored agencies$475,505 $ $475,505 $ OCI
SBA-backed securities$44,355 $ $44,355 $ OCI
Debentures of government sponsored agencies$135,106 $ $135,106 $ OCI
U.S. Treasury securities$10,269 $10,269 $ $ OCI
Obligations of state and political subdivisions$102,123 $ $102,123 $ OCI
Corporate bonds$33,276 $ $33,276 $ OCI
Asset-backed securities$1,462 $ $1,462 $ OCI
Derivative financial assets (interest rate contracts)$602 $ $602 $ NI
 1 Other comprehensive income ("OCI") or net income ("NI").

Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. When available, quoted market prices (Level 1) are used to determine the fair value of available-for-sale securities. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities. If quoted market prices are not available, we obtain pricing information from a reputable third-party service provider, who may utilize valuation techniques that use current market-based or independently sourced parameters, such as bid/ask prices, dealer-quoted prices, interest rates, benchmark yield curves, prepayment speeds, probability of default, loss severity and credit spreads (Level 2).   Level 2 securities include asset-backed securities, obligations of state and political subdivisions, U.S. agencies or government-sponsored agencies' debt securities, mortgage-backed securities, government agency-issued, and corporate bonds. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no Level 3 securities.

Held-to-maturity securities may be written down to fair value as a result of credit losses or other factors, and we did not record any write-downs during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or March 31, 2022. Fair value of held-to-maturity securities is determined using the same techniques discussed above for available-for-sale securities.

On a recurring basis, derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value, which is based on the income approach using observable Level 2 market inputs, reflecting market expectations of future interest rates as of the measurement date.  Standard valuation techniques are used to calculate the present value of the future expected cash flows assuming an orderly transaction. Valuation adjustments may be made to reflect both our own credit risk and the counterparties’ credit risk in determining the fair value of the derivatives. These unobservable inputs are not considered significant inputs to the fair value measurement overall. Level 2 inputs for the valuations are limited to observable market prices for London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") rates (for the very short term), quoted prices for LIBOR futures contracts, observable market prices for LIBOR and OIS swap rates, and one-month and three-month LIBOR basis spreads at commonly quoted intervals.  Mid-market pricing of the inputs is used as a practical expedient in the fair value measurements.  We project spot rates at reset days specified by each swap contract to determine future cash flows, then discount to present value using OIS curves as
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of the measurement date.  When the value of any collateral placed with counterparties is less than the interest rate derivative liability, a credit valuation adjustment ("CVA") is applied to reflect the credit risk we pose to counterparties.  We have used the spread between the Standard & Poor's BBB rated U.S. Bank Composite rate and LIBOR for the closest maturity term corresponding to the duration of the swaps to derive the CVA. A similar credit risk adjustment, correlated to the credit standing of the counterparty, is made when collateral posted by the counterparty does not fully cover their liability to us. For further discussion on our methodology in valuing our derivative financial instruments, refer to Note 9, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities.

Certain financial assets may be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments that result from the application of the lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets, such as individually analyzed loans that are collateral dependent and other real estate owned ("OREO").

OREO represents collateral acquired through foreclosure and is initially recorded at fair value as established by a current appraisal of the collateral. Subsequent to foreclosure, OREO is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. OREO values are reviewed on an ongoing basis and any subsequent decline in fair value is recorded as a foreclosed asset expense in the current period. The value of OREO is classified as Level 3. Our current OREO resulted from the American River Bankshares ("AMRB") merger in 2021.

The following table presents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and that were held in the consolidated statements of condition at each respective period end, by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
(in thousands)Carrying ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs 
(Level 3)
March 31, 2023
Other real estate owned$455 $ $ $455 
December 31, 2022
Other real estate owned$455 $ $ $455 

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The table below is a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (summarized in the first table in this note). The carrying amounts in the following table are recorded in the consolidated statements of condition under the indicated captions. Further, we have not disclosed the fair value of financial instruments specifically excluded from disclosure requirements such as bank-owned life insurance policies ("BOLI"), lease obligations and non-maturity deposit liabilities. Additionally, we held shares of Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of San Francisco stock and Visa Inc. Class B common stock, both recorded at cost, as there was no impairment or changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The values are discussed in Note 4, Investment Securities.
 March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(in thousands)Carrying AmountsFair ValueFair Value HierarchyCarrying AmountsFair ValueFair Value Hierarchy
Financial assets (recorded at amortized cost):  
Cash and cash equivalents$37,993 $37,993 Level 1$45,424 $45,424 Level 1
Investment securities held-to-maturity958,560 850,125 Level 2972,207 845,239 Level 2
Loans, net2,088,998 1,999,187 Level 32,069,563 1,993,866 Level 3
Interest receivable11,791 11,791 Level 213,069 13,069 Level 2
Financial liabilities (recorded at amortized cost):  
Time deposits144,067 144,071 Level 2119,030 118,333 Level 2
Federal Home Loan Bank short-term borrowings405,400 405,400 Level 2112,000 112,000 Level 2
Interest payable234 234 Level 275 75 Level 2

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Fair value of loans is based on exit price techniques and obtained from an independent third-party that uses its proprietary valuation model and methodology and may differ from actual price from a prospective buyer. The discounted cash flow valuation approach reflects key inputs and assumptions that are unobservable, such as loan probability of default, loss given default, prepayment speed, and market discount rates.
Fair value of fixed-rate time deposits is estimated by discounting future contractual cash flows using discount rates that reflect the current observable market rates offered for time deposits of similar remaining maturities.
Due to the short-term nature of the FHLB borrowings, the carrying value approximates fair value.
The value of off-balance-sheet financial instruments is estimated based on the fee income associated with the commitments, which in the absence of credit exposure, is considered to approximate their settlement value. The fair value of commitment fees was not material as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

Note 4:  Investment Securities
 
Our investment securities portfolio consists of U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of state and political subdivisions, U.S. federal government agencies such as Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") and Small Business Administration ("SBA"), U.S. government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), such as Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation and FHLB, U.S. Corporations and one asset-backed security collateralized by student loan pools. We also invest in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”/"CMBS") and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) issued or guaranteed by the GSEs, as reflected in the following table.

A summary of the amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses related to securities held-to-maturity as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is presented below.
Held-to-maturity:
Amortized Cost 1
Allowance for Credit LossesNet Carrying AmountGross UnrealizedFair Value
(in thousands)Gains(Losses)
March 31, 2023
Securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA$322,691 $ $322,691 $ $(45,007)$277,684 
CMOs issued by FHLMC233,796  233,796 139 (24,973)208,962 
CMOs issued by FNMA109,694  109,694 176 (3,729)106,141 
CMOs issued by GNMA52,120  52,120 164 (3,020)49,264 
SBA-backed securities1,977  1,977  (99)1,878 
Debentures of government-sponsored agencies145,898  145,898  (22,149)123,749 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions62,384  62,384 24 (8,728)53,680 
Corporate bonds30,000  30,000  (1,233)28,767 
Total held-to-maturity$958,560 $ $958,560 $503 $(108,938)$850,125 
December 31, 2022
Securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA$331,281 $ $331,281 $ $(50,147)$281,134 
CMOs issued by FHLMC235,971  235,971 59 (29,503)206,527 
  CMOs issued by FNMA111,904  111,904  (5,419)106,485 
  CMOs issued by GNMA52,356  52,356 11 (3,076)49,291 
  SBA-backed securities2,372  2,372  (133)2,239 
Debentures of government-sponsored agencies145,823  145,823  (26,467)119,356 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions62,500  62,500  (10,741)51,759 
Corporate bonds30,000  30,000  (1,552)28,448 
Total held-to-maturity$972,207 $ $972,207 $70 $(127,038)$845,239 
1 Amortized cost and fair values exclude accrued interest receivable of $2.6 million and $3.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in interest receivable and other assets in the consolidated statements of condition.
Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity securities collectively by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With regard to MBSs and CMOs issued or
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guaranteed by the GSEs, and SBA-backed securities, we expect to receive all the contractual principal and interest on these securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to securities issued by states and political subdivisions and corporate bonds, management considers: (i) issuer and/or guarantor credit ratings, (ii) historical probability of default and loss given default rates for given bond ratings and remaining maturity, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, (iv) internal credit review of the financial information, and (v) whether or not such securities have credit enhancements such as guarantees, contain a defeasance clause, or are pre-refunded by the issuers. Based on the comprehensive analysis, no credit losses are expected.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost of our portfolio of held-to-maturity securities issued by states and political subdivisions and corporate bonds by Moody's and/or Standard & Poor's bond ratings as of March 31, 2023.
Obligations of state and political subdivisionsCorporate bonds
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
AAA / Aaa$42,884 $42,986 $ $ 
AA / Aa19,500 19,514   
A2 / A  30,000 30,000 
Total$62,384 $62,500 $30,000 $30,000 

A summary of the amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses related to securities available-for-sale as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is presented below.
Available-for-sale:
Amortized Cost 1
Gross UnrealizedAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
(in thousands)Gains(Losses)
March 31, 2023
Securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA$106,151 $4 $(10,423)$ $95,732 
CMOs issued by FHLMC340,647  (27,514) 313,133 
CMOs issued by FNMA34,782  (3,182) 31,600 
CMOs issued by GNMA33,714 22 (2,743) 30,993 
SBA-backed securities40,547 2 (2,578) 37,971 
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies149,121  (12,000) 137,121 
U.S. Treasury securities11,909  (1,385) 10,524 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions116,549 84 (11,497) 105,136 
Corporate bonds36,990  (3,029) 33,961 
Asset-backed securities1,419  (57) 1,362 
Total available-for-sale$871,829 $112 $(74,408)$ $797,533 
December 31, 2022
Securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA$109,736 $3 $(12,133)$ $97,606 
CMOs issued by FHLMC347,437  (33,682) 313,755 
CMOs issued by FNMA36,172  (3,852) 32,320 
CMOs issued by GNMA35,120  (3,296) 31,824 
SBA-backed securities47,724 2 (3,371) 44,355 
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies149,114  (14,008) 135,106 
U.S. Treasury securities11,904  (1,635)10,269 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions116,855 29 (14,761) 102,123 
Corporate bonds36,990  (3,714) 33,276 
Asset-backed securities1,553  (91) 1,462 
Total available-for-sale$892,605 $34 $(90,543)$ $802,096 
1 Amortized cost and fair value exclude accrued interest receivable of $3.1 million and $3.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in interest receivable and other assets in the consolidated statements of condition.

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As part of our ongoing review of our investment securities portfolio, we reassessed the classification of certain securities issued by government sponsored agencies. In March 2022, we transferred $357.5 million of these securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity at fair value. We intend and have the ability to hold these securities to maturity. The net unrealized pre-tax loss of $14.8 million that remained and the related accumulated other comprehensive loss are accreted to interest income over the remaining lives of the securities. Because these entries offset each other, there is no impact to net income.

The amortized cost and fair value of investment debt securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if the issuers of the securities have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
 March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
 Held-to-MaturityAvailable-for-SaleHeld-to-MaturityAvailable-for-Sale
(in thousands)Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Within one year$52 $51 $1,132 $1,124 $450 $446 $1,254 $1,239 
After one but within five years85,323 82,266 362,588 336,054 87,418 83,663 335,813 307,843 
After five years through ten years268,433 232,936 154,572 141,260 262,072 222,280 185,997 166,273 
After ten years604,752 534,872 353,537 319,095 622,267 538,850 369,541 326,741 
Total$958,560 $850,125 $871,829 $797,533 $972,207 $845,239 $892,605 $802,096 

There were no sales of investment securities in the first quarter of 2023 or 2022.
 Three months ended
The carrying values of pledged investment securities are shown in the following table:
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Pledged to the State of California:
Secure public deposits in compliance with the Local Agency Security Program$228,970 $235,587 
Collateral for trust deposits674 677 
   Collateral for Wealth Management and Trust Services checking account567 569 
Total investment securities pledged to the State of California230,211 236,833 
Bankruptcy trustee deposits pledged with Federal Reserve Bank1,700 1,737 
Pledged to FHLB Securities-Backed Credit Program395,780  
Pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP")278,638  
Total pledged investment securities$906,329 $238,570 

There were 397 and 407 securities in unrealized loss positions at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Those securities are summarized and classified according to the duration of the loss period in the tables below:
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March 31, 2023< 12 continuous months≥ 12 continuous monthsTotal securities
 in a loss position
(in thousands)Fair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized loss
Held-to-maturity:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA$9,107 $(316)$268,577 $(44,691)$277,684 $(45,007)
CMOs issued by FHLMC44,217 (1,091)150,466 (23,882)194,683 (24,973)
CMOs issued by FNMA37,106 (353)41,538 (3,376)78,644 (3,729)
CMOs issued by GNMA27,285 (1,802)10,467 (1,218)37,752 (3,020)
SBA-backed securities  1,878 (99)1,878 (99)
Debentures of government-sponsored agencies29,433 (561)94,316 (21,588)123,749 (22,149)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions9,000 (74)41,565 (8,654)50,565 (8,728)
Corporate bonds  28,767 (1,233)28,767 (1,233)
Total held-to-maturity156,148 (4,197)637,574 (104,741)793,722 (108,938)
Available-for-sale:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA7,729 (233)87,173 (10,190)94,902 (10,423)
CMOs issued by FHLMC13,194 (263)299,939 (27,251)313,133 (27,514)
CMOs issued by FNMA279 (4)31,321 (3,178)31,600 (3,182)
CMOs issued by GNMA71 (1)27,014 (2,742)27,085 (2,743)
SBA-backed securities30  37,580 (2,578)37,610 (2,578)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies  137,121 (12,000)137,121 (12,000)
U.S. Treasury securities  10,523 (1,385)10,523 (1,385)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions4,486 (11)92,776 (11,486)97,262 (11,497)
Corporate bonds  33,962 (3,029)33,962 (3,029)
Asset-backed securities  1,361 (57)1,361 (57)
Total available-for-sale25,789 (512)758,770 (73,896)784,559 (74,408)
Total securities at loss position$181,937 $(4,709)$1,396,344 $(178,637)$1,578,281 $(183,346)
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December 31, 2022< 12 continuous months≥ 12 continuous monthsTotal securities
 in a loss position
(in thousands)Fair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized lossFair valueUnrealized loss
Held-to-maturity:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA$62,627 $(5,960)$218,507 $(44,187)$281,134 $(50,147)
CMOs issued by FHLMC78,144 (5,874)113,796 (23,629)191,940 (29,503)
CMOs issued by FNMA106,485 (5,419)  106,485 (5,419)
CMOs issued by GNMA27,570 (1,676)10,331 (1,400)37,901 (3,076)
SBA-backed securities2,239 (133)  2,239 (133)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies38,645 (2,530)80,711 (23,937)119,356 (26,467)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions15,155 (589)36,603 (10,152)51,758 (10,741)
Corporate Bonds28,448 (1,552)  28,448 (1,552)
Total held-to-maturity359,313 (23,733)459,948 (103,305)819,261 (127,038)
Available-for-sale:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA44,630 (4,501)52,235 (7,632)96,865 (12,133)
CMOs issued by FHLMC169,760 (15,144)143,995 (18,538)313,755 (33,682)
CMOs issued by FNMA4,790 (235)27,529 (3,617)32,319 (3,852)
CMOs issued by GNMA8,214 (374)23,612 (2,922)31,826 (3,296)
SBA-backed securities37,845 (3,228)6,133 (143)43,978 (3,371)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies19,054 (946)116,052 (13,062)135,106 (14,008)
U.S. Treasury securities  10,269 (1,635)10,269 (1,635)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions70,402 (9,459)28,711 (5,302)99,113 (14,761)
Corporate Bonds  33,276 (3,714)33,276 (3,714)
Asset-backed securities  1,462 (91)1,462 (91)
Total available-for-sale354,695 (33,887)443,274 (56,656)797,969 (90,543)
Total securities at loss position$714,008 $(57,620)$903,222 $(159,961)$1,617,230 $(217,581)

As of March 31, 2023, the investment portfolio included 353 investment securities that had been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more and 44 investment securities that had been in a loss position for less than twelve months.

Securities issued by government-sponsored agencies, such as FNMA and FHLMC, usually have implicit credit support by the U.S. federal government. However, since 2008, FNMA and FHLMC have been under government conservatorship and, therefore, contractual cash flows for these investments carry explicit guarantees by the U.S. federal government. Securities issued by the SBA and GNMA have explicit credit guarantees by the U.S. federal government, which protects us from credit losses on the contractual cash flows of the securities.
Our investment in obligations of state and political subdivisions bonds are deemed credit worthy after our comprehensive analysis of the issuers' latest financial information, credit ratings by major credit agencies, and/or credit enhancements.
At March 31, 2023, management determined that it did not intend to sell any investment securities with unrealized losses, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell securities with unrealized losses before recovery of their amortized cost. No allowances for credit losses have been recognized on available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, as management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality at March 31, 2023.


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Non-Marketable Securities Included in Other Assets

FHLB Capital Stock

As a member of the FHLB, we are required to maintain a minimum investment in FHLB capital stock determined by the Board of Directors of the FHLB. The minimum investment requirements can increase in the event we increase our total asset size or borrowings with the FHLB. Shares cannot be purchased or sold except between the FHLB and its members at the $100 per share par value. We held $16.7 million of FHLB stock included in other assets on the consolidated statements of condition at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The carrying amounts of these investments are reasonable estimates of fair value because the securities are restricted to member banks and they do not have a readily determinable market value. Based on our analysis of FHLB's financial condition and certain qualitative factors, we determined that the FHLB stock was not impaired at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. On April 27, 2023, FHLB announced a cash dividend for the first quarter of 2023 at an annualized dividend rate of 7.00% to be distributed on May 11, 2023. Cash dividends paid on FHLB capital stock are recorded as non-interest income.

VISA Inc. Class B Common Stock

As a member bank of Visa U.S.A., we held 10,439 shares of Visa Inc. Class B common stock at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. These shares have a carrying value of zero and are restricted from resale to non-member banks of Visa U.S.A. until their conversion into Class A (voting) shares upon the termination of Visa Inc.'s Covered Litigation escrow account. Because of the restriction and the uncertainty on the conversion rate to Class A shares, these shares lack a readily determinable fair value. When converting this Class B common stock to Class A common stock based on the estimated conversion rate of 1.5991 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the closing stock price of Class A shares at those respective dates, the converted value of our shares of Class B common stock would have been $3.8 million and $3.5 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The conversion rate is subject to further adjustment upon the final settlement of the covered litigation against Visa Inc. and its member banks. As such, the fair value of these Class B shares can differ significantly from their converted values. For further information, refer to Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies.

Low Income Housing Tax Credits

We invest in low-income housing tax credit funds as a limited partner, which totaled $2.4 million and $2.5 million recorded in other assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In the first three months of 2023, we recognized $151 thousand of low-income housing tax credits and other tax benefits, offset by $127 thousand of amortization expense of low-income housing tax credit investment, as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2023, our unfunded commitments for these low-income housing tax credit funds totaled $347 thousand. We did not recognize any impairment losses on these low-income housing tax credit investments during the first three months of 2023 or 2022, as the value of the future tax benefits exceeds the carrying value of the investments.

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Note 5:  Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost of loans by class as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial$195,964 $173,547 
Real estate:
  Commercial owner-occupied352,529 354,877 
  Commercial non-owner occupied1,189,962 1,191,889 
  Construction110,386 114,373 
  Home equity86,572 88,748 
  Other residential116,447 112,123 
Installment and other consumer loans60,468 56,989 
Total loans, at amortized cost 1
2,112,328 2,092,546 
Allowance for credit losses on loans(23,330)(22,983)
Total loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans$2,088,998 $2,069,563 
1 Amortized cost includes net deferred loan origination costs of $2.1 million and $1.8 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Amounts are also net of unrecognized purchase discounts of $2.4 million and $2.6 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Amortized cost excludes accrued interest, which totaled $6.1 million at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and is included in interest receivable and other assets in the consolidated statements of condition.

Lending Risks

Commercial and Industrial Loans - Commercial loans are generally made to established small and mid-sized businesses to provide financing for their growth and working capital needs, equipment purchases and acquisitions.  Management examines historical, current, and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral and guarantor support. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not occur as expected, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed, such as accounts receivable and inventory, and typically include personal guarantees. We target stable businesses with guarantors who provide additional sources of repayment and have proven to be resilient in periods of economic stress.  A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer and/or business spending, may have an effect on the credit quality of commercial loans.

Commercial Real Estate Loans - Commercial real estate loans, which include income producing investment properties and owner-occupied real estate used for business purposes, are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans discussed above. We underwrite these loans to be repaid from cash flow from either the business or investment property and supported by real property collateral. Underwriting standards for commercial real estate loans include, but are not limited to, debt coverage and loan-to-value ratios. Furthermore, a large majority of our loans are guaranteed by the owners of the properties. Conditions in the real estate markets or downturn in the general economy may adversely affect our commercial real estate loans. In the event of a vacancy, we expect guarantors to carry the loans until they find a replacement tenant.  The owner's substantial equity investment provides a strong economic incentive to continue to support the commercial real estate projects. As such, we have generally experienced a relatively low level of loss and delinquencies in this portfolio.

Construction Loans - Construction loans are generally made to developers and builders to finance construction, renovation and occasionally land acquisitions in anticipation of near-term development. Construction loans include interest reserves that are used for the payment of interest during the development and marketing periods and are capitalized as part of the loan balance. When a construction loan is placed on nonaccrual status before the depletion of the interest reserve, we apply the interest funded by the interest reserve against the loan's principal balance. These loans are underwritten after evaluation of the borrower's financial strength, reputation, prior track record, and independent appraisals. We monitor all construction projects to determine whether they are on schedule, completed as planned and in accordance with the approved construction budgets. Significant events can affect the construction industry, including: the inherent volatility of real estate markets and vulnerability to delays due to weather, change orders, inability to obtain construction permits, labor or material shortages, and price changes.
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Estimates of construction costs and value associated with the completed project may be inaccurate. Repayment of construction loans is largely dependent on the ultimate success of the project.

Consumer Loans - Consumer loans primarily consist of home equity lines of credit, other residential loans, floating homes, and indirect luxury auto loans, along with a small number of installment loans. Our other residential loans include tenancy-in-common fractional interest loans ("TIC") located almost entirely in San Francisco County. We originate consumer loans utilizing credit score information, debt-to-income ratio and loan-to-value ratio analysis. Diversification among consumer loan types, coupled with relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, mitigates risk. We do not originate sub-prime residential mortgage loans, nor is it our practice to underwrite loans commonly referred to as "Alt-A mortgages," the characteristics of which are reduced documentation, borrowers with low FICO scores or collateral with high loan-to-value ratios.

Credit Quality Indicators
 
We use a risk rating system to evaluate asset quality, and to identify and monitor credit risk in individual loans, and in the loan portfolio. Our definitions of “Special Mention” risk graded loans, or worse, are consistent with those used by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC").  Our internally assigned grades are as follows:
 
Pass and Watch - Loans to borrowers of acceptable or better credit quality. Borrowers in this category demonstrate fundamentally sound financial positions, repayment capacity, credit history and management expertise.  Loans in this category must have an identifiable and stable source of repayment and meet the Bank’s policy regarding debt-service-coverage ratios.  These borrowers are capable of sustaining normal economic, market or operational setbacks without significant financial consequences.  Negative external industry factors are generally not present.  The loan may be secured, unsecured or supported by non-real estate collateral for which the value is more difficult to determine and/or marketability is more uncertain. This category also includes “Watch” loans, where the primary source of repayment has been delayed. “Watch” is intended to be a transitional grade, with either an upgrade or downgrade within a reasonable period.
 
Special Mention - Potential weaknesses that deserve close attention. If left uncorrected, those potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the payment prospects for the asset. Special Mention assets do not present sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
 
Substandard - Inadequately protected by either the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. A Substandard asset has a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize(s) the liquidation of the debt. Substandard assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if such weaknesses or deficiencies are not corrected. Well-defined weaknesses include adverse trends or developments of the borrower’s financial condition, managerial weaknesses and/or significant collateral deficiencies.
 
Doubtful - Critical weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full improbable. There may be specific pending events that work to strengthen the asset; however, the amount or timing of the loss may not be determinable. Pending events generally occur within one year of the asset being classified as Doubtful. Examples include: merger, acquisition, or liquidation; capital injection; guarantee; perfecting liens on additional collateral; and refinancing. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status and usually are collateral-dependent.

We regularly review our credits for accuracy of risk grades whenever we receive new information and at each quarterly and year-end reporting period. Borrowers are generally required to submit financial information at regular intervals. Typically, commercial borrowers with lines of credit are required to submit financial information with reporting intervals ranging from monthly to annually depending on credit size, risk and complexity. In addition, investor commercial real estate borrowers with loans exceeding a certain dollar threshold are usually required to submit rent rolls or property income statements annually. We monitor construction loans monthly. We review home equity and other consumer loans based on delinquency. We also review loans graded “Watch” or worse, regardless of loan type, no less than quarterly.

The following tables present the loan portfolio by loan class, origination year and internal risk rating as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The current year vintage table reflects gross charge-offs by loan class and year of origination. Generally, existing term loans that were re-underwritten are reflected in the table in the year of renewal. Lines of credit that have a conversion feature at the time of origination, such as construction to perm loans, are presented by year of origination.
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(in thousands)Term Loans - Amortized Cost by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost
March 31, 202320232022202120202019PriorTotal
Commercial and industrial:
Pass and Watch$25,074 $13,349 $5,414 $6,732 $17,105 $27,065 $87,069 $181,808 
Special Mention3 275   2,743 4,395 1,089 8,505 
Substandard   1,141  585 3,925 5,651 
Total commercial and industrial$25,077 $13,624 $5,414 $7,873 $19,848 $32,045 $92,083 $195,964 
Gross current period charge-offs$ $ $ $ $(3)$ $ $(3)
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied:
Pass and Watch$371 $55,727 $51,067 $39,903 $47,400 $130,314 $ $324,782 
Special Mention  16,058  298 9,680  26,036 
Substandard     1,711  1,711 
Total commercial real estate, owner-occupied$371 $55,727 $67,125 $39,903 $47,698 $141,705 $ $352,529 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied:
Pass and Watch$5,456 $179,181 $210,546 $154,342 $162,111 $426,972 $48 $1,138,656 
Special Mention  1,166 11,998 3,907 11,466  28,537 
Substandard  2,246   20,523  22,769 
Total commercial real estate, non-owner occupied$5,456 $179,181 $213,958 $166,340 $166,018 $458,961 $48 $1,189,962 
Construction:
Pass and Watch$4,578 $44,693 $24,804 $27,198 $ $9,113 $ $110,386 
Total construction$4,578 $44,693 $24,804 $27,198 $ $9,113 $ $110,386 
Home equity:
Pass and Watch$ $ $ $ $ $966 $84,723 $85,689 
Substandard     228 655 883 
Total home equity$ $ $ $ $ $1,194 $85,378 $86,572 
Other residential:
Pass and Watch$6,223 $21,047 $14,386 $28,542 $21,750 $24,499 $ $116,447 
Total other residential$6,223 $21,047 $14,386 $28,542 $21,750 $24,499 $ $116,447 
Installment and other consumer:
Pass and Watch$6,591 $18,531 $12,501 $5,443 $5,951 $10,501 $950 $60,468 
Total installment and other consumer$6,591 $18,531 $12,501 $5,443 $5,951 $10,501 $950 $60,468 
Gross current period charge-offs$ $(5)$ $(3)$ $(1)$(2)$(11)
Total loans:
Pass and Watch$48,293 $332,528 $318,718 $262,160 $254,317 $629,430 $172,790 $2,018,236 
Total Special Mention$3 $275 $17,224 $11,998 $6,948 $25,541 $1,089 $63,078 
Total Substandard$ $ $2,246 $1,141 $ $23,047 $4,580 $31,014 
Total Doubtful$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 
Totals$48,296 $332,803 $338,188 $275,299 $261,265 $678,018 $178,459 $2,112,328 
Total gross current period charge-offs$ $(5)$ $(3)$(3)$(1)$(2)$(14)
(in thousands)Term Loans - Amortized Cost by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorTotal
Commercial and industrial:
Pass and Watch$15,349 $6,679 $7,603 $19,982 $5,362 $24,954 $84,655 $164,584 
Special Mention275   2,272 3,836  402 6,785 
Substandard  1,252   625 301 2,178 
Total commercial and industrial$15,624 $6,679 $8,855 $22,254 $9,198 $25,579 $85,358 $173,547 
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied:
Pass and Watch$54,188 $52,080 $40,369 $44,798 $29,856 $104,377 $ $325,668 
Special Mention 16,199  304 5,255 4,493  26,251 
Substandard   1,160  1,699  2,859 
Doubtful  99     99 
Total commercial real estate, owner-occupied$54,188 $68,279 $40,468 $46,262 $35,111 $110,569 $ $354,877 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied:
Pass and Watch$177,822 $211,228 $155,278 $160,670 $129,166 $308,509 $57 $1,142,730 
Special Mention 1,172 12,097 3,934 678 9,290  27,171 
Substandard 2,264    19,724  21,988 
Total commercial real estate, non-owner occupied$177,822 $214,664 $167,375 $164,604 $129,844 $337,523 $57 $1,191,889 
Construction:
Pass and Watch$49,262 $19,393 $28,861 $7,745 $9,112 $ $ $114,373 
Total construction$49,262 $19,393 $28,861 $7,745 $9,112 $ $ $114,373 
Home equity:
Pass and Watch$ $ $ $ $ $883 $86,971 $87,854 
Substandard     480 414 894 
Total home equity$ $ $ $ $ $1,363 $87,385 $88,748 
Other residential:
Pass and Watch$21,154 $14,547 $29,018 $21,890 $11,064 $14,450 $ $112,123 
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(in thousands)Term Loans - Amortized Cost by Origination YearRevolving Loans Amortized Cost
December 31, 202220222021202020192018PriorTotal
Total other residential$21,154 $14,547 $29,018 $21,890 $11,064 $14,450 $ $112,123 
Installment and other consumer:
Pass and Watch$20,054 $13,022 $5,727 $6,492 $4,181 $6,478 $944 $56,898 
Substandard     91  91 
Total installment and other consumer$20,054 $13,022 $5,727 $6,492 $4,181 $6,569 $944 $56,989 
Total loans:
Pass and Watch$337,829 $316,949 $266,856 $261,577 $188,741 $459,651 $172,627 $2,004,230 
Total Special Mention$275 $17,371 $12,097 $6,510 $9,769 $13,783 $402 $60,207 
Total Substandard$ $2,264 $1,252 $1,160 $ $22,619 $715 $28,010 
Total Doubtful$ $ $99 $ $ $ $ $99 
Totals$338,104 $336,584 $280,304 $269,247 $198,510 $496,053 $173,744 $2,092,546 

The following table shows the amortized cost of loans by class, payment aging and non-accrual status as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Loan Aging Analysis by Class
(in thousands)Commercial and industrialCommercial real estate, owner-occupiedCommercial real estate, non-owner occupiedConstructionHome equityOther residentialInstallment and other consumerTotal
March 31, 2023        
 30-59 days past due$822 $ $924 $ $399 $ $1 $2,146 
 60-89 days past due        
 90 days or more past due 33   598  3 634 
Total past due822 33 924  997  4 2,780 
Current195,142 352,496 1,189,038 110,386 85,575 116,447 60,464 2,109,548 
Total loans 1
$195,964 $352,529 $1,189,962 $110,386 $86,572 $116,447 $60,468 $2,112,328 
Non-accrual loans 2
$ $331 $924 $ $768 $ $3 $2,026 
Non-accrual loans with no allowance$ $331 $924 $ $768 $ $ $2,023 
December 31, 2022        
 30-59 days past due$3 $ $ $ $319 $93 $5 $420 
 60-89 days past due    244   244 
 90 days or more past due264    414   678 
Total past due267    977 93 5 1,342 
Current173,280 354,877 1,191,889 114,373 87,771 112,030 56,984 2,091,204 
Total loans 1
$173,547 $354,877 $1,191,889 $114,373 $88,748 $112,123 $56,989 $2,092,546 
Non-accrual loans 2
$ $1,563 $ $ $778 $ $91 $2,432 
Non-accrual loans with no allowance$ $1,563 $ $ $778 $ $91 $2,432 
1 There were no non-performing loans past due more than ninety days and accruing interest as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
2 None of the non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022 were earning interest on a cash basis. We recognized no interest income on non-accrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. We reversed interest income totaling $16 thousand and less than one thousand for loans placed on non-accrual status during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

Collateral Dependent Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral-dependent loans, which are all on non-accrual status, by class at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Amortized Cost by Collateral Type
(in thousands)Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOther
Total 1
Allowance for Credit Losses
March 31, 2023
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied$331 $ $ $331 $ 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied924   924  
Home equity 768  768  
Installment and other consumer  3 3 3 
Total$1,255 $768 $3 $2,026 $3 
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied$1,563 $ $ $1,563 $ 
Home equity 778  778  
Installment and other consumer  91 91  
Total$1,563 $778 $91 $2,432 $ 
1 There were no collateral-dependent residential real estate mortgage loans in process of foreclosure or in substance repossessed at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The weighted average loan-to-value of collateral dependent loans was approximately 42% at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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Loan Modifications

We adopted ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures on January 1, 2023, as described in Note 2, Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards. The amendments enhanced disclosures related to certain types of loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, including principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, and/or term extensions. There were no such modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2023 requiring disclosure.

Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The following table presents the details of the allowance for credit losses on loans segregated by loan portfolio segments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
(in thousands)Commercial and industrialCommercial real estate, owner-occupiedCommercial real estate, non-owner occupiedConstructionHome equityOther residentialInstallment and other consumerUnallocatedTotal
March 31, 2023        
Modeled expected credit losses$1,137 $1,349 $7,409 $239 $459 $535 $574 $ $11,702 
Qualitative adjustments784 1,291 5,292 1,780 79 42 305 2,032 11,605 
Specific allocations20      3  23 
Total$1,941 $2,640 $12,701 $2,019 $538 $577 $882 $2,032 $23,330 
December 31, 2022        
Modeled expected credit losses$1,079 $1,497 $7,937 $453 $504 $571 $610 $ $12,651 
Qualitative adjustments706 990 4,739 1,484 54 24 258 2,068 10,323 
Specific allocations9        9 
Total$1,794 $2,487 $12,676 $1,937 $558 $595 $868 $2,068 $22,983 

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Rollforward

The following table discloses activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the periods presented.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Rollforward
(in thousands)Commercial and industrialCommercial real estate, owner-occupiedCommercial real estate, non-owner occupiedConstructionHome equityOther residentialInstallment and other consumerUnallocatedTotal
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Beginning balance$1,794 $2,487 $12,676 $1,937 $558 $595 $868 $2,068 $22,983 
Provision (reversal)147 153 25 74 (20)(18)25 (36)350 
(Charge-offs)(3)     (11) (14)
Recoveries3   8     11 
Ending balance$1,941 $2,640 $12,701 $2,019 $538 $577 $882 $2,032 $23,330 
Three months ended March 31, 2022
Beginning balance$1,709 $2,776 $12,739 $1,653 $595 $644 $621 $2,286 $23,023 
Provision (reversal) 72 (154)(438)56 (46)(16)22 19 (485)
(Charge-offs)      (2) (2)
Recoveries3   8     11 
Ending balance$1,784 $2,622 $12,301 $1,717 $549 $628 $641 $2,305 $22,547 
Pledged Loans

Our FHLB line of credit is secured under terms of a blanket collateral agreement by a pledge of certain qualifying loans with unpaid principal balances of $1.308 billion and $1.298 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, we pledge eligible TIC loans, which totaled $106.2 million and $105.0 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to secure our borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"). For additional information, see Note 6, Borrowings.


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Related Party Loans
 
The Bank has, and expects to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of its business with directors, officers, principal shareholders and their businesses or associates. These transactions, including loans, are granted on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral on loans, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with persons not related to us. Likewise, these transactions do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. Related party loans totaled $6.4 million at March 31, 2023 and at December 31, 2022. In addition, undisbursed commitments to related parties totaled $562 thousand at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Note 6: Short-Term Borrowings and Other Obligations
 
Federal Home Loan Bank – As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank had total lines of credit with the FHLB totaling $1.037 billion and $711.6 million, respectively, based on eligible collateral of certain loans and investment securities.

Federal Funds Lines of Credit – The Bank had unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks for overnight borrowings totaling $150.0 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.  In general, interest rates on these lines approximate the federal funds target rate.

Federal Reserve Bank – The Bank has a line of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRBSF") secured by certain residential loans.  At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank had total borrowing capacity under this line of $60.6 million and $58.7 million, respectively. In addition, under the Federal Reserve’s new BTFP facility, the Bank could borrow up to an additional $283.6 million based on the par value of pledged investment securities as of March 31, 2023.

Other Obligations – Finance lease liabilities totaling $402 thousand and $439 thousand at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, are included in short-term borrowings and other obligations in the consolidated statements of condition. See Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information.


Outstanding balances and weighted average interest rates on short-term borrowings and other obligations as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized in the following table.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)Outstanding BalanceWeighted
Average Rate
Outstanding BalanceWeighted Average Rate
FHLB - short-term borrowings$405,400 5.17 %$112,000 4.65 %
Federal funds lines of credit  %  %
FRBSF - federal funds purchased  %  %
FRBSF - short-term borrowings under the BTFP  %  %
Other obligations (finance leases)402 1.89 %439 1.86 %
Total short-term borrowings and other obligations$405,802 5.17 %$112,439 4.64 %

Note 7:  Stockholders' Equity

Dividends

On January 20, 2023, Bancorp declared a $0.25 per share cash dividend, paid February 10, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 3, 2023. Subsequent to quarter end on April 21, 2023, Bancorp declared a $0.25 per share cash dividend, payable on May 12, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 5, 2023.

Share-Based Payments

The fair value of stock options as of the grant date is recorded as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period, with a corresponding increase in common stock. Stock-based compensation also includes compensation expense related to the issuance of restricted stock awards. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock awards,
Page-23

which equals the grant date price, is recorded as compensation expense over the requisite service period with a corresponding increase in common stock as the shares vest. Beginning in 2018, stock option and restricted stock awards issued include a retirement eligibility clause whereby the requisite service period is satisfied at the retirement eligibility date. For those awards, we accelerate the recording of stock-based compensation when the award holder is eligible to retire. However, retirement eligibility does not affect the vesting of restricted stock or the exercisability of the stock options, which are based on the scheduled vesting period.

Performance-based stock awards (restricted stock) are issued to a selected group of employees. Stock award vesting is contingent upon the achievement of pre-established long-term performance goals set by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Performance is measured over a three-year period and cliff vested. These performance-based stock awards were granted at a maximum opportunity level, and based on the achievement of the pre-established goals, the actual payouts can range from 0% to 200% of the target award. For performance-based stock awards, an estimate is made of the number of shares expected to vest based on the probability that the performance criteria will be achieved to determine the amount of compensation expense to be recognized. The estimate is re-evaluated quarterly and total compensation expense is adjusted for any change in the current period.

We record excess tax benefits (deficiencies) resulting from the exercise of non-qualified stock options, the disqualifying disposition of incentive stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards as income tax benefits (expense) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income with a corresponding decrease (increase) to current taxes payable.

The holders of unvested restricted stock awards are entitled to dividends on the same per-share ratio as holders of common stock. Tax benefits for dividends paid on unvested restricted stock awards are recorded as tax benefits in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income with a corresponding decrease to current taxes payable. Dividends on forfeited awards are included in stock-based compensation expense.

Stock options and restricted stock may be net settled in a cashless exercise by a reduction in the number of shares otherwise deliverable upon exercise or vesting in satisfaction of the exercise payment and/or applicable tax withholding requirements. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we withheld 2,847 shares totaling $82 thousand at a weighted-average price of $28.74 for cashless exercises. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we withheld 8,003 shares totaling $278 thousand at a weighted-average price of $34.76 for cashless exercises. Shares withheld under net settlement arrangements are available for future grants.

Share Repurchase Program

Bancorp has an approved share repurchase program with $34.7 million outstanding at March 31, 2023. There have been no repurchases in 2023. Cumulative shares repurchased under the current program totaled 618,991 shares as of March 31, 2023 at an average price of $36.04 per share.

Note 8:  Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

We make commitments to extend credit in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit in the form of loans or through standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Because various commitments will expire without being fully drawn, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

Our credit loss exposure is equal to the contractual amount of the commitment in the event of nonperformance by the borrower. We use the same credit underwriting criteria for all credit exposure. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by us, is based on management's credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral types pledged may include accounts receivable, inventory, other personal property and real property.


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The contractual amount of unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit not reflected in the consolidated statements of condition are as follows:
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Commercial lines of credit$266,082 $292,204 
Revolving home equity lines218,353 218,907 
Undisbursed construction loans32,471 43,179 
Personal and other lines of credit10,851 10,842 
Standby letters of credit1,720 1,738 
   Total unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit$529,477 $566,870 

We record an allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments at the balance sheet date based on estimates of the probability that these commitments will be drawn upon according to historical utilization experience of the different types of commitments and expected loss rates determined for pooled funded loans. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments totaled $1.3 million and $1.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of condition. The $174 thousand reversal of the provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments in the first quarter of 2023 was due primarily to a $37.4 million decrease in total unfunded commitments, compared to a $318 thousand provision reversal in the first quarter of 2022, due mainly to an improvement in the underlying economic forecasts at the time.

Leases

We lease premises under long-term non-cancelable operating leases with remaining terms of 4 months to 19 years, most of which include escalation clauses and one or more options to extend the lease term, and some of which contain lease termination clauses. Lease terms may include certain renewal options that were considered reasonably certain to be exercised.

We lease certain equipment under finance leases with initial terms of 3 years to 5 years. The equipment finance leases do not contain renewal options, bargain purchase options or residual value guarantees.

The following table shows the balances of operating and finance lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets$22,854 $24,821 
Operating lease liabilities$25,433 $26,639 
Finance leases:
Finance lease right-of-use assets$606 $616 
Accumulated amortization(214)(187)
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net1
$392 $429 
Finance lease liabilities2
$402 $439 
1 Included in premises and equipment in the consolidated statements of condition.
2 Included in borrowings and other obligations in the consolidated statements of condition.

The following table shows supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities for the periods presented.
Three months ended
(in thousands)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities$ $1,120 


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The following table shows components of operating and finance lease cost.
Three months ended
(in thousands)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Operating lease cost$1,610 $1,284 
Variable lease cost  
Total operating lease cost1
$1,610 $1,284 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets2
$37 $31 
Interest on finance lease liabilities3
2 1 
Total finance lease cost$39 $32 
Total lease cost$1,649 $1,316 
1 Included in occupancy and equipment expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
2 Included in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
3 Included in interest on borrowings and other obligations in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

The following table shows the future minimum lease payments, weighted average remaining lease terms, and weighted average discount rates under operating and finance lease arrangements as of March 31, 2023. The discount rates used to calculate the present value of lease liabilities were based on the collateralized FHLB borrowing rates that were commensurate with lease terms and minimum payments on the lease commencement date.
(in thousands)March 31, 2023
YearOperating LeasesFinance Leases
2023$3,997 $115 
20244,585 153 
20253,875 106 
20263,129 36 
20272,845 5 
Thereafter9,693  
Total minimum lease payments28,124 415 
Amounts representing interest (present value discount)(2,691)(13)
Present value of net minimum lease payments (lease liability)$25,433 $402 
Weighted average remaining term (in years)7.62.9
Weighted average discount rate2.27 %1.89 %

Litigation Matters

Bancorp may be party to legal actions that arise from time to time in the normal course of business. Bancorp's management is not aware of any pending legal proceedings to which either it or the Bank may be a party or has recently been a party that will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of Bancorp or the Bank.

The Bank is responsible for a proportionate share of certain litigation indemnifications provided to Visa U.S.A. ("Visa") by its member banks in connection with Visa's lawsuits related to anti-trust charges and interchange fees ("Covered Litigation"). Our proportionate share of the litigation indemnification liability does not change or transfer upon the sale of our Class B Visa shares to member banks. Visa established an escrow account to pay for settlements or judgments in the Covered Litigation. Under the terms of the U.S. retrospective responsibility plan, when Visa funds the litigation escrow account, it triggers a conversion rate reduction of the Class B common stock to shares of Class A common stock, effectively reducing the aggregate value of the Class B common stock held by Visa's member banks like us.

In 2012, Visa reached a $4.0 billion interchange multidistrict litigation class settlement agreement with plaintiffs representing a class of U.S. retailers. During its six month fiscal reporting period ended March 31, 2023, Visa deposited an additional $350 million into the litigation escrow account to address claims of certain merchants who opted out of the Amended Settlement Agreement for a balance of $1.6 billion. Combined with funds previously deposited with the court, these funds are expected to cover the settlement payment obligations.

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The outcome of the Covered Litigation affects the conversion rate of Visa Class B common stock held by us to Visa Class A common stock, as discussed above and in Note 4, Investment Securities. The final conversion rate is subject to change depending on the final settlement payments, and the full effect on member banks is still uncertain. Litigation is ongoing and until the court approval process is complete, there is no assurance that Visa will resolve the claims as contemplated by the amended class settlement agreement, and additional lawsuits may arise from individual merchants who opted out of the class settlement. However, until the escrow account is fully depleted and the conversion rate of Class B to Class A common stock is reduced to zero, no future cash settlement payments are required by the member banks, such as us, on the Covered Litigation. Therefore, we are not required to record any contingent liabilities for the indemnification related to the Covered Litigation, as we consider the probability of losses to be remote.

Note 9: Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

We entered into interest rate swap agreements, primarily as an asset/liability management strategy, in order to mitigate the changes in the fair value of specified long-term fixed-rate loans (or firm commitments to enter into long-term fixed-rate loans) caused by changes in interest rates. These hedges allow us to offer long-term fixed-rate loans to customers without assuming the interest rate risk of a long-term asset. Converting our fixed-rate interest payments to floating-rate interest payments, generally benchmarked to the one-month U.S. dollar LIBOR index, protects us against changes in the fair value of our loans associated with fluctuating interest rates.

Our credit exposure, if any, on interest rate swap asset positions is limited to the fair value (net of any collateral pledged to us) and interest payments of all swaps by each counterparty. Conversely, when an interest rate swap is in a liability position exceeding a certain threshold, we may be required to post collateral to the counterparty in an amount determined by the agreements. Collateral levels are monitored and adjusted on a regular basis for changes in interest rate swap values.


As of March 31, 2023, we had four interest rate swap agreements, which are scheduled to mature at various dates ranging from June 2031 to October 2037. All of our derivatives are accounted for as fair value hedges. The notional amounts of the interest rate contracts are equal to the notional amounts of the hedged loans. Our interest rate swap payments are settled monthly with counterparties. Accrued interest receivable on the swaps totaled $6 thousand at March 31, 2023 and $5 thousand at December 31, 2022. Information on our derivatives follows:
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
(in thousands)March 31,
2023
December 31, 2022March 31,
2023
December 31, 2022
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate contracts notional amount$9,450 $12,046 $2,340 $ 
Interest rate contracts fair value1
$404 $602 $23 $ 
1 See Note 3, Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities, for valuation methodology.

The following table presents the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of fair value hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of hedged assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Carrying Amounts of Hedged AssetsCumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Loans
(in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Loans$11,284 $11,319 $(506)$(726)


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The following table presents the net losses recognized in interest income on loans on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income related to our derivatives designated as fair value hedges.
Three months ended
(in thousands)March 31, 2023March 31, 2022
Interest and fees on loans 1
$24,258 $23,677 
(Decrease) increase in fair value of designated interest rate swaps due to LIBOR interest rate movements$(221)$757 
Receivable (payment) on interest rate swaps51 (85)
Increase (decrease) in fair value hedging adjustment of hedged loans221 (752)
Decrease in value of yield maintenance agreement(2)(3)
Net gain (losses) on fair value hedging relationships recognized in interest income $49 $(83)
1 Represents the income line item in the statement of comprehensive income in which the effects of fair value hedges are recorded.
Our derivative transactions with counterparties are under International Swaps and Derivative Association (“ISDA”) master agreements that include “right of set-off” provisions. “Right of set-off” provisions are legally enforceable rights to offset recognized amounts and there may be an intention to settle such amounts on a net basis. We do not offset such financial instruments for financial reporting purposes. Information on financial instruments that are eligible for offset in the consolidated statements of condition follows:
Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets
Gross AmountsNet Amounts ofGross Amounts Not Offset in
Gross AmountsOffset in theAssets Presentedthe Statements of Condition
of RecognizedStatements ofin the StatementsFinancialCash Collateral
(in thousands)
AssetsConditionof ConditionInstrumentsReceivedNet Amount
March 31, 2023
Counterparty$404 $ $404 $(23)$ $381 
December 31, 2022
Counterparty$602 $ $602 $ $ $602 
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities
Gross AmountsNet Amounts ofGross Amounts Not Offset in
Gross AmountsOffset in theLiabilities Presentedthe Statements of Condition
of RecognizedStatements ofin the StatementsFinancialCash Collateral
(in thousands)
Liabilities1
Condition
of Condition1
InstrumentsPledgedNet Amount
March 31, 2023
Counterparty$23 $ $23 $(23)$ $ 
December 31, 2022
Counterparty$ $ $ $ $ $ 
1 Amounts exclude accrued interest on swaps.
For more information on how we account for our interest rate swaps, refer to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2022 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023.

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ITEM 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Management's discussion of the financial condition and results of operations, which is unaudited, should be read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q and with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Average balances, including balances used in calculating certain financial ratios, are generally comprised of average daily balances.

Forward-Looking Statements

This discussion of financial results includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "1933 Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the "1934 Act"). Those sections of the 1933 Act and 1934 Act provide a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their financial performance so long as they provide meaningful, cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ significantly from projected results.
 
Our forward-looking statements include descriptions of plans or objectives of management for future operations, products or services, and forecasts of revenues, earnings or other measures of economic performance. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They often include the words "believe," "expect," "intend," "estimate" or words of similar meaning, or future or conditional verbs preceded by "will," "would," "should," "could" or "may."
 
Forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations regarding economic, legislative, and regulatory issues that may impact Bancorp's earnings in future periods. Factors that could cause future results to vary materially from current management expectations include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions and the economic uncertainty in the United States and abroad, including economic or other disruptions to financial markets caused by acts of terrorism, war or other conflicts such as Russia's military action in Ukraine, impacts from inflation, supply change disruptions, changes in interest rates (including the actions taken by the Federal Reserve to control inflation), California's unemployment rate, deposit flows, real estate values, and expected future cash flows on loans and securities; the impact of adverse developments at other banks, including bank failures, that impact general sentiment regarding the stability and liquidity of banks; costs or effects of acquisitions; competition; changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines; changes in legislation or regulation; natural disasters (such as wildfires and earthquakes in our area); adverse weather conditions; interruptions of utility service in our markets for sustained periods; and other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory and technological factors (including external fraud and cybersecurity threats) affecting our operations, pricing, products and services; and successful integration of acquisitions.

Important factors that could cause results or performance to materially differ from those expressed in our prior forward-looking statements are detailed in ITEM 1A, Risk Factors section of our 2022 Form 10-K as filed with the SEC, and ITEM 1A Risk Factors herein, copies of which are available from us at no charge. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We do not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that involve a significant level of estimation and uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We consider accounting estimates to be critical to our financial results if (i) the accounting estimate requires management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain, (ii) management could have applied different assumptions during the reported period, and (iii) changes in the accounting estimate are reasonably likely to occur in the future and could have a material impact on our financial statements. Our critical estimates include: Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Unfunded Commitments, Income Taxes, Fair Value Measurements, and Business Combinations. For a detailed discussion, refer to the Critical Accounting Estimates section of our 2022 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023.

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Executive Summary
We generated earnings of $9.4 million for the first quarter of 2023, compared to $12.9 million for the fourth quarter of 2022 and $10.5 million in the first quarter of 2022. Diluted earnings per share were $0.59 for the first quarter of 2023, compared to $0.81 for the preceding quarter and $0.66 in the same quarter a year ago. Earnings declined in the first quarter of 2023, as an increase in interest expense reflected market interest rate increases on a lagged basis.

The following are highlights of our operating and financial performance for the periods presented:

Following recent industry events, our deposit franchise remained strong at $3.251 billion on March 31, 2023, a decrease of $322.8 million from $3.573 billion at December 31, 2022. While there have been some outflows related to industry concerns in March and pandemic surge deposits redeploying to money market funds, the largest transactions were related to the normal operating activities of our customers. Those activities include vendor payments, taxes, payroll and singular events such as disbursement of proceeds from the sale of a business, real property acquisitions for cash, trust distributions or estate settlements. The cost of deposits increased 12 basis points quarter over quarter due to targeted relationship-based pricing adjustments. Non-interest bearing deposits made up 50.3% of total deposits at March 31, 2023, compared to 51.5% at December 31, 2022, and we estimated that 67% of total deposits were fully covered by FDIC insurance as of March 31, 2023.

Liquidity is strong, providing 181% coverage of estimated uninsured deposits. The Bank has long followed liquidity management practices similar to larger banks with robust liquidity requirements and regular liquidity stress testing. While the Bank has the ability to utilize the Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP") and has tested it for contingency planning purposes, there has been no need to utilize the facility at this time.

Loan balances of $2.112 billion at March 31, 2023, increased $19.8 million from $2.093 billion at December 31, 2022 reflecting originations of $44.9 million and payoffs of $22.2 million. Utilization of credit lines was offset by loan amortization from scheduled repayments during the quarter and unfunded commitments declined $37.4 million from December 31, 2022 to $529.5 million at March 31, 2023.

Non-accrual loans were only 0.10% of total loans as of March 31, 2023, compared to 0.12% at December 31, 2022. We recorded a $350 thousand provision for credit losses on loans in the first quarter, compared to no provision in the previous quarter and a $485 thousand provision reversal in the same quarter of 2022. The provision in the first quarter of 2023 was due primarily to qualitative risk factor adjustments.

Credit quality remains sound notwithstanding the trends in the commercial real estate market. Our loan portfolio continues to perform well, with classified loans at only 1.47% of total loans and manageable delinquencies. Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans made up 73% of total classified loans as of March 31, 2023, compared to 76% at December 31, 2022, and all are currently paying as agreed. We continue to maintain diversity among property types and within our geographic footprint. In particular, our office commercial real estate portfolio in the City of San Francisco represents just 3% of our total loan portfolio and 6% of our total non-owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio. As of the last measurement period, the average loan-to-value and debt-service coverage for the entire non-owner occupied office portfolio were 55% and 1.67x, respectively. For the eleven non-owner occupied office loans in the City of San Francisco, the average loan-to-value and debt-service coverage were 60% and 1.20x, respectively. More details are available in the supplementary earnings presentation filed as Exhibit 99.2 to our 8-K on April 24, 2023, and also available on our website.

The first quarter tax-equivalent net interest margin decreased 22 basis points to 3.04% from 3.26% for the previous quarter due primarily to increased deposit costs and average borrowing balances, partially offset by higher loan yields. The margin was up from 2.96% in the same period of 2022.

Return on average assets ("ROA") was 0.92% for the first quarter of 2023, compared to 1.21% for the fourth quarter of 2022 and 0.98% for the first quarter of 2022, and return on average equity ("ROE") was 9.12%, compared to 12.77% for the prior quarter and 9.61% for the first quarter in the prior year. The efficiency
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ratio for the first quarter of 2023 was 60.24%, compared to 50.92% for the prior quarter and 59.13% for the first quarter of 2022. The sequential declines in ROA and ROE and increase in the efficiency ratio were due primarily to the $3.6 million increase in interest expense.

The Bank finalized the closure of four branch locations which were announced in January 2023. The acquisition of American River Bank ("ARB") resulted in an overlap in the Bank’s branch network in Santa Rosa and Healdsburg, prompting branch consolidations within Northern Sonoma County. In addition, our Tiburon and Buckhorn branches in Marin and Amador counties were in close proximity to other branches fully able to meet our customers' needs. These closures represented the remaining expense savings anticipated from the acquisition, optimizing efficiency and our ability to fund strategic initiatives going forward. The pre-tax savings in 2023 from the branch closures, net of accelerated costs, is expected to be approximately $470 thousand, and future annual pre-tax savings are expected to be approximately $1.4 million.

All capital ratios were above well-capitalized regulatory requirements. The total risk-based capital ratios at March 31, 2023 for Bancorp and the Bank were 16.2% and 15.6%, respectively. Bancorp's tangible common equity to tangible assets ("TCE ratio") was 8.7% at March 31, 2023, and the Bank's TCE ratio was 8.3%.

Given the strength and durability of the Bank's financial performance, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share on April 21, 2023, which represents the 72nd consecutive quarterly dividend paid by Bancorp. The dividend is payable on May 12, 2023, to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 5, 2023.





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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Highlights of the financial results are presented in the following tables:
Three months ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022
Selected operating data:
Net interest income$29,899 $33,370 $29,898 
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans350 — (485)
Reversal of credit losses on unfunded loan commitments
(174)— (318)
Non-interest income2,935 2,587 2,867 
Non-interest expense19,780 18,310 19,375 
Net income9,440 12,881 10,465 
Net income per common share:
Basic$0.59 $0.81 $0.66 
Diluted$0.59 $0.81 $0.66 
Performance and other financial ratios:
Return on average assets0.92 %1.21 %0.98 %
Return on average equity9.12 %12.77 %9.61 %
Tax-equivalent net interest margin3.04 %3.26 %2.96 %
Cost of deposits0.20 %0.08 %0.06 %
Efficiency ratio60.24 %50.92 %59.13 %
Net (recoveries) charge-offs $$(20)$(9)
Cash dividend payout ratio on common stock 1
42.37 %30.86 %36.36 %
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Selected financial condition data:
Total assets$4,135,279 $4,147,464 
Investment securities1,756,093 1,774,303 
Loans, net2,088,998 2,069,563 
Deposits3,250,574 3,573,348 
Short-term borrowings and other obligations405,802 112,439 
Stockholders' equity430,174 412,092 
Book value per share26.71 25.71 
Asset quality ratios:
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans1.10 %1.10 %
Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-performing loans11.52x9.45x
Non-accrual loans to total loans0.10 %0.12 %
Capital ratios:
Equity to total assets ratio10.40 %9.94 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets8.69 %8.21 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)16.15 %15.90 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)15.27 %15.02 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)9.94 %9.60 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)15.27 %15.02 %
1 Calculated as dividends on common shares divided by basic net income per common share.

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Net Interest Income
 
Net interest income is the interest earned on loans, investments and other interest-earning assets minus the interest expense incurred on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is impacted by changes in general market interest rates and by changes in the composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Interest rate changes can create fluctuations in the net interest income and/or margin due to an imbalance in the timing of repricing and maturity of assets and liabilities. We manage interest rate risk exposure with the goal of minimizing the impact of interest rate volatility on net interest income. For more information, refer to Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk in this Form 10-Q.

Net interest margin is expressed as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Net interest rate spread is the difference between the average rate earned on total interest-earning assets and the average rate incurred on total interest-bearing liabilities. Both of these measures are reported on a taxable-equivalent basis. Net interest margin is the higher of the two because it reflects interest income earned on assets funded with non-interest-bearing sources of funds, which include demand deposits and stockholders’ equity.

Average Statements of Condition and Analysis of Net Interest Income

The following table compares interest income, average interest-earning assets, interest expense, and average interest-bearing liabilities for the periods presented. The table also presents net interest income, net interest margin and net interest rate spread for each period reported.
Three months endedThree months endedThree months ended
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022
InterestInterestInterest
AverageIncome/Yield/AverageIncome/Yield/AverageIncome/Yield/
(dollars in thousands)BalanceExpenseRateBalanceExpenseRateBalanceExpenseRate
Assets
Interest-earning deposits with banks 1
$4,863 $56 4.58 %$61,878 $575 3.64 %$231,555 $106 0.18 %
Investment securities 2, 3
1,851,743 10,194 2.20 %1,873,028 10,319 2.20 %1,626,537 6,871 1.69 %
Loans 1, 3, 4
2,121,718 24,415 4.60 %2,113,201 23,670 4.38 %2,227,495 23,881 4.29 %
   Total interest-earning assets 1
3,978,324 34,665 3.49 %4,048,107 34,564 3.34 %4,085,587 30,858 3.02 %
Cash and non-interest-bearing due from banks39,826 44,480 69,019 
Bank premises and equipment, net8,396 7,933 7,430 
Interest receivable and other assets, net137,114 125,483 183,222 
Total assets$4,163,660 $4,226,003 $4,345,258 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest-bearing transaction accounts$272,353 $254 0.38 %$290,064 $191 0.26 %$295,183 $56 0.08 %
Savings accounts329,299 170 0.21 %338,760 32 0.04 %343,327 29 0.03 %
Money market accounts952,479 1,085 0.46 %1,036,932 405 0.15 %1,122,215 478 0.17 %
Time accounts including CDARS126,030 223 0.72 %127,906 114 0.35 %147,707 14 0.04 %
Short-term borrowings and other obligations 1
222,571 2,716 4.88 %8,014 89 4.34 %399 0.62 %
   Total interest-bearing liabilities1,902,732 4,448 0.95 %1,801,676 831 0.18 %1,908,831 578 0.12 %
Demand accounts1,792,998 1,975,390 1,942,804 
Interest payable and other liabilities48,233 48,592 51,997 
Stockholders' equity419,697 400,345 441,626 
Total liabilities & stockholders' equity$4,163,660 $4,226,003 $4,345,258 
Tax-equivalent net interest income/margin 1
$30,217 3.04 %$33,733 3.26 %$30,280 2.96 %
Reported net interest income/margin 1
$29,899 3.01 %$33,370 3.23 %$29,898 2.93 %
Tax-equivalent net interest rate spread2.54 %3.16 %2.90 %
1 Interest income/expense is divided by actual number of days in the period times 360 days to correspond to stated interest rate terms, where applicable.
2 Yields on available-for-sale securities are calculated based on amortized cost balances rather than fair value, as changes in fair value are reflected as a component of stockholders' equity. Investment security interest is earned on 30/360 day basis monthly.
3 Yields and interest income on tax-exempt securities and loans are presented on a taxable-equivalent basis using the Federal statutory rate of 21 percent in 2023 and 2022.
4 Average balances on loans outstanding include non-performing loans. The amortized portion of net loan origination fees is included in interest income on loans, representing an adjustment to the yield.

The following table presents the effects of changes in average balances (volume) or changes in average rates on tax-equivalent net interest income for the periods indicated. Volume variances are equal to the increase or decrease in average balances multiplied by prior period rates. Rate variances are equal to the increase or
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decrease in rates multiplied by prior period average balances. Mix variances are attributable to the change in yields or rates multiplied by the change in average balances, including two fewer days in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended
December 31, 2022
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended
March 31, 2022
(in thousands)VolumeYield/RateMixTotalVolumeYield/RateMixTotal
Interest-earning deposits with banks$(530)$153 $(142)$(519)$(105)$2,559 $(2,504)$(50)
Investment securities 1
(117)(8)— (125)951 2,083 289 3,323 
Loans 1
95 1,187 (537)745 (1,134)1,751 (83)534 
Total interest-earning assets(552)1,332 (679)101 (288)6,393 (2,298)3,807 
Interest-bearing transaction accounts(12)86 (11)63 (4)219 (17)198 
Savings accounts(1)147 (8)138 (1)148 (6)141 
Money market accounts(33)802 (89)680 (72)800 (121)607 
Time accounts, including CDARS(2)117 (6)109 (2)247 (36)209 
Short-term borrowings and other obligations2,383 11 233 2,627 557 2,154 2,715 
Total interest-bearing liabilities2,335 1,163 119 3,617 478 1,418 1,974 3,870 
Changes in tax-equivalent net interest income$(2,887)$169 $(798)$(3,516)$(766)$4,975 $(4,272)$(63)
1 Yields and interest income on tax-exempt securities and loans are presented on a taxable-equivalent basis using the federal statutory rate of 21%.
First Quarter of 2023 Compared to the Fourth Quarter of 2022

Net interest income totaled $29.9 million in the first quarter of 2023, compared to $33.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The $3.5 million decrease from the prior quarter was primarily related to an increase in the cost of deposits and higher average borrowing balances.
The tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.04% in the first quarter of 2023, compared to 3.26% in the fourth quarter of 2022. The decline from prior quarter was primarily due to higher borrowing and deposit costs partially offset by higher interest rates on loans. The tax-equivalent yield on interest-earning assets was 3.49% in the first quarter of 2023, an increase of 15 basis points over the fourth quarter of 2022. For the first quarter of 2023, interest-bearing liabilities costs were 0.95%, which was a 77 basis point increase over the fourth quarter of 2022.

First Quarter of 2023 Compared to the First Quarter of 2022

Net interest income totaled $29.9 million for the first quarter of 2023, largely unchanged compared to the first quarter of 2022, as the increase in interest income on loans and investments offset the increases in interest expense on deposits and borrowings.

The tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.04% in the first quarter of 2023, compared to 2.96% in the same period in the prior year. The increase over the same quarter last year was primarily due to higher yields on loans and investments partially offset by higher deposit and borrowing costs.

Market Interest Rates

Market interest rates are, in part, based on the target federal funds interest rate (the interest rate banks charge each
other for short-term borrowings) implemented by the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee ("FOMC").

In response to the evolving risks to economic activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the FOMC made two emergency federal funds rate cuts totaling 150 basis points in March 2020. The federal funds rate range remained between 0.0% to 0.25% through the beginning of 2022, putting downward pressure on our asset yields and net interest margin. Beginning in March 2022, the FOMC began successive increases to the federal funds rate due to the evolving inflation risks, complicated by international political unrest and supply chain disruptions. As a result of five rate adjustments during 2022, the federal funds target rate increased to a range of 4.25% to 4.50% at year-end. In 2023, on both February 1st and March 2nd, the FOMC increased the target rate by 25 basis points to a range of 4.75% to 5.00%. Federal Reserve policymakers continue to monitor inflation and economic developments throughout 2023. See ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk for further information.

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Provision for Credit Losses on Loans

Management assesses the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on loans quarterly based on several factors including growth of the loan portfolio, past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts to estimate expected losses over the contractual terms of our loans. The allowance for credit losses on loans is increased by provisions charged to expense and loss recoveries and decreased by loans charged off.

The following table shows the activity for the periods presented.
Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans$350 $— $(485)

We recorded a $350 thousand provision for credit losses on loans in the first quarter. The provision was due primarily to increases in qualitative risk factors to account for continued uncertainty about inflation and recession risks. Management believed that these risk factors were not adequately captured in the modeled quantitative portion of the allowance and took the more prudent approach to account for loan and collateral concentration risks, mainly in our construction and commercial real estate portfolios, and the need for heightened portfolio management in light of current economic conditions. In addition, the $19.8 million increase in loans contributed modestly to the provision. These increases were partially offset by the quantitative impact of an improvement in Moody's Analytics' baseline California unemployment rate forecasts over the next four quarters.

There was no provision in the prior quarter and a $485 thousand provision reversal in the first quarter of 2022, due primarily to an improvement in underlying economic forecasts at the time.

For more information, refer to Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans, to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Non-interest Income
 
The following table details the components of non-interest income.
 Three months endedQuarter over quarterYear over year
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022Amount ChangePercent ChangeAmount ChangePercent Change
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance, net$705 $296 $413 $409 138.2 %$292 70.7 %
Service charges on deposit accounts533 519 488 14 2.7 %45 9.2 %
Wealth Management and Trust Services511 $490 600 21 4.3 %(89)(14.8)%
Debit card interchange fees, net447 513 505 (66)(12.9)%(58)(11.5)%
Dividends on Federal Home Loan Bank stock302 297 259 1.7 %43 16.6 %
Merchant interchange fees, net133 119 140 14 11.8 %(7)(5.0)%
Other income304 353 462 (49)(13.9)%(158)(34.2)%
Total non-interest income$2,935 $2,587 $2,867 $348 13.5 %$68 2.4 %
First Quarter of 2023 Compared to the Fourth Quarter of 2022

Non-interest income totaled $2.9 million in the first quarter of 2023, compared to $2.6 million in the prior quarter. The $348 thousand increase from the prior quarter was primarily related to the recognition of a death benefit on bank-owned life insurance, partially offset by decreases in debit card interchange fees and other income.

First Quarter of 2023 Compared to the First Quarter of 2022

Non-interest income totaled $2.9 million in the first quarter of 2023, compared to $2.9 million in the same period of the prior year. The $68 thousand improvement from the first quarter of 2022, was primary due to the death benefit, partially offset by decreases in wealth management and trust services income and other income.

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Non-interest Expense
 
The following table details the components of non-interest expense.
 Three months endedQuarter over quarterYear over year
(dollars in thousands)March 31, 2023December 31, 2022March 31, 2022Amount ChangePercent ChangeAmount ChangePercent Change
Salaries and related benefits$10,930 $9,600 $11,548 $1,330 13.9 %$(618)(5.4)%
Occupancy and equipment2,414 2,084 1,907 330 15.8 %507 26.6 %
Professional services1,123 985 913 138 14.0 %210 23.0 %
Data processing1,045 1,080 1,277 (35)(3.2)%(232)(18.2)%
Depreciation and amortization882 581 452 301 51.8 %430 95.1 %
Information technology370 678 478 (308)(45.4)%(108)(22.6)%
Amortization of core deposit intangible345 365 380 (20)(5.5)%(35)(9.2)%
Directors' expense321 269 311 52 19.3 %10 3.2 %
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance289 293 290 (4)(1.4)%(1)(0.3)%
Charitable contributions49 104 45 (55)(52.9)%8.9 %
Other real estate owned44— — %100.0 %
Other non-interest expense
Advertising278 281 347 (3)(1.1)%(69)(19.9)%
Other expense1,730 1,986 1,425 (256)(12.9)%305 21.4 %
Total other non-interest expense2,008 2,267 1,772 (259)(11.4)%236 13.3 %
Total non-interest expense$19,780 $18,310 $19,375 $1,470 8.0 %$405 2.1 %
First Quarter of 2023 Compared to the Fourth Quarter of 2022

Non-interest expense totaled $19.8 million in the first quarter of 2023, compared to $18.3 million in the prior quarter. The $1.5 million increase from the prior quarter included $417 thousand in adjustments to estimated incentive and supplemental executive retirement plan accruals, and $432 thousand from accelerated amortization and lease costs associated with branch closures. Other increases to salaries and related benefits included $389 thousand in 401(k) matching contributions, which is typically higher in the first quarter, and $383 thousand of additional salaries, insurance and payroll taxes. Meaningful decreases in expenses included $343 thousand in information technology and data processing costs due largely to timing of purchases and the renegotiation of our data processing contract.

First Quarter of 2023 Compared to the First Quarter of 2022

Non-interest expense totaled $19.8 million in the first quarter of 2023, compared to $19.4 million in the first quarter of 2022. The $405 thousand increase from the first quarter of 2022 was primarily related to $646 thousand in accelerated amortization and lease costs for branches closed and a $210 thousand increase in professional services fees from the completion of multiple internal audit and consulting engagements. These increases were partially offset by $466 thousand in net changes to estimated incentive, vacation and retirement plan accruals included within salaries and related benefits expense and acquisition costs included within data processing expense.

Provision for Income Taxes

Income tax provisions reflect accruals for taxes at the applicable rates for federal income tax and California franchise tax based upon reported pre-tax income. Provisions also reflect permanent differences between income for tax and financial reporting purposes (such as earnings on tax exempt loans and municipal securities, BOLI, low-income housing tax credits, and stock-based compensation from the exercise of stock options, disqualifying dispositions of incentive stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards).

The provision for income taxes for the first quarter of 2023 totaled $3.4 million at an effective tax rate of 26.7%, compared to $4.8 million at an effective tax rate of 27.0% in the prior quarter and $3.7 million at an effective tax rate of 26.3% in the same quarter last year. The decrease in the provision in the first quarter of 2023 reflected lower pre-tax income as compared to the prior quarter and the same quarter a year ago. The 30 basis point decrease in the effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the prior quarter was primarily due to higher nontaxable BOLI income in 2023. The 40 basis point increase in the effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the same quarter a year ago was primarily due to lower income from tax exempt loans and municipal securities
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and a higher level of tax benefits in 2022 from the exercise of stock options and disqualifying dispositions of incentive stock options.

We file a consolidated return in the U.S. Federal tax jurisdiction and a combined return in the State of California tax jurisdiction. There were no ongoing federal or state income tax examinations at the issuance of this report. At March 31, 2023, neither the Bank nor Bancorp had accruals for interest nor penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.

FINANCIAL CONDITION SUMMARY

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were $38.0 million at March 31, 2023, compared to $45.4 million at December 31, 2022. The $7.4 million decrease was due primarily to increases in loans and decreases in deposits partially offset by cash flows from investment securities and increased borrowings.

Investment Securities

The investment securities portfolio totaled $1.756 billion at March 31, 2023, a decrease of $18.2 million from December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily the result of principal repayments totaling $32.9 million, partially offset by a $16.2 million reduction in pre-tax unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities. The portfolio is comprised of high credit quality investments with average effective durations of approximately 3.8 on available-for-sale securities and 5.9 on held-to-maturity securities. Both portfolios generate cash flow monthly from interest, principal amortization and payoffs, which supports the Bank's liquidity. In the first quarter investment cash flows totaled $46.2 million. See Note 4, Investment Securities, for additional information.

The following table summarizes our investment in obligations of state and political subdivisions at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(dollars in thousands)Amortized CostFair Value% of Total State and Political SubdivisionsAmortized CostFair Value% of Total State and Political Subdivisions
Within California:
General obligation bonds$25,780 $21,491 14.4 %$25,806 $20,768 14.4 %
Revenue bonds3,716 3,085 2.1 3,719 2,987 2.1 
Total within California29,496 24,576 16.5 29,525 23,755 16.5 
Outside California:
General obligation bonds121,571 109,632 67.9 121,908 106,375 68.0 
Revenue bonds27,865 24,608 15.6 27,922 23,752 15.5 
Total outside California149,436 134,240 83.5 149,830 130,127 83.5 
Total obligations of state and political subdivisions$178,932 $158,816 100.0 %$179,355 $153,882 100.0 %
Percent of investment portfolio9.8 %9.6 %9.6 %9.3 %

Of the total investment in obligations of state and political subdivisions, the largest concentrations outside of California are in Texas (39.6%), Washington (14.3%) and Wisconsin (8.9%). Our investment in obligations issued by municipal issuers in Texas are either guaranteed by the AAA-rated Texas Permanent School Fund ("PSF") or backed by revenue sources from essential services (such as utilities and transportation).

Investments in states, municipalities and political subdivisions are subject to an initial pre-purchase credit assessment and ongoing monitoring. Key considerations include:

The soundness of a municipality’s budgetary position and stability of its tax revenues
Debt profile and level of unfunded liabilities, diversity of revenue sources, taxing authority of the issuer
Local demographics/economics including unemployment data, largest taxpayers and local employers, income indices and home values
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For revenue bonds, the source and strength of revenue for municipal authorities including the obligor’s financial condition and reserve levels, annual debt service and debt coverage ratio, and credit enhancement (such as insurer’s strength and collateral in escrow accounts)
Credit ratings by major credit rating agencies

Loans and Credit Quality

During the first three months of 2023, loans increased by $19.8 million and totaled $2.112 billion at March 31, 2023, compared to $2.093 billion at December 31, 2023. Loan originations for the first quarter of 2023 were $44.9 million, compared to $36.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2022 and $49.8 million for the first quarter of 2022. Loan payoffs were $22.2 million for the first quarter, compared to $55.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2022 and $119.7 million for the first quarter of 2022, which included $70.4 million in PPP loan payoffs. First quarter 2023 loan payoffs were the lowest first quarter payoffs since 2017 and consisted mainly of a large construction project completed.

The ratio of allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans remained at 1.10% at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Net charge-offs for the first quarter of 2023 totaled $3 thousand, compared to net recoveries of $20 thousand for the fourth quarter of 2022 and net recoveries of $9 thousand for the first quarter of 2022.

Non-accrual loans decreased $406 thousand to $2.0 million, or 0.10% of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2023 from $2.4 million, or 0.12% at December 31, 2022. Non-accrual loans at March 31, 2023 included the addition of six loans totaling $1.4 million in the first quarter, 68% of which were well-secured by commercial real estate, offset by decreases due to payoffs of $1.4 million, upgrades of $413 thousand, and paydowns of $27 thousand. Over 99% of the non-accrual loans were collateralized by real estate with no expected credit loss as of March 31, 2023. Accruing loans past due 30 to 89 days totaled $1.2 million at March 31, 2023, compared to $664 thousand at December 31, 2022.

Classified loans with risk ratings of substandard or doubtful totaled $31.0 million at March 31, 2023, compared to $28.1 million at December 31, 2022, increasing primarily due to higher usage of a revolving line of credit already graded substandard. Other increases included $1.4 million in downgrades, partially offset by $1.7 million in payoffs and paydowns and $314 thousand in upgrades to pass risk rating. All of the downgrades in the first quarter were for loans that are secured by real estate collateral.

Loans designated special mention, which are not considered adversely classified, increased year-to-date by $2.9 million to $63.1 million at March 31, 2023 from $60.2 million at December 31, 2022. The increase was largely due to $3.0 million in downgrades from pass risk ratings and balance increases of $550 thousand, which were partially offset by $630 thousand in paydowns and payoffs.

For more information, refer to Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans, to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

Liabilities - Deposits and Borrowings

During the first three months of 2023, total liabilities decreased by $30.3 million to $3.705 billion. Deposits totaled $3.251 billion at March 31, 2023, a decrease of $322.8 million, compared to $3.573 billion at December 31, 2022. Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings increased $293.4 million to $405.4 million in the first quarter of 2023.

Up until the regulatory closures of Silicon Valley Bank on March 10, 2023 and Signature Bank on March 12, 2023, deposit fluctuations were fairly consistent with prior years' first quarter customer activity with some additional outflows to alternative investments observed. In 2022, the Bank maintained excess liquidity in anticipation of planned customer activities and expected outflows from pandemic surge deposits received in 2020 and 2021. As outflows materialized, our low cost of funds relative to the industry provided an opportunity to balance deposit levels against costs. Early in the first quarter of 2023, our bankers engaged in discussions with clients about account structure and pricing, which positioned the Bank well to navigate uncertainty in the marketplace later in the quarter. The Bank experienced a $203.6 million decline in deposits between March 10th and March 31st. Of the 100 relationships with the largest net outflows totaling approximately $206.4 million, 83% was attributed to normal business activities including vendor payments, taxes, payroll and singular events such as estate settlements and sales of businesses, 14% moved to outside brokerage firms or other financial institutions, and the remaining 3% moved to assets under management of our Wealth Management and Trust Services department. From March 31st
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through May 5th deposits have been relatively stable. Daily balances have not fluctuated up or down more than 0.70% when compared to total deposits as of March 31st. We believe that our customer outreach has been effective, and it has resulted in a 48 basis point increase in the cost of our deposits to 56 basis points in the month of April from 8 basis points in the month of December, as we balanced the level of deposits against cost. Additionally, we opened over 1,000 accounts in the first quarter with $60 million in new deposits.

Non-interest bearing deposits decreased $202.5 million, money market deposits decreased $78.2 million while time deposits increased $25.0 million in the first three months of 2023. Non-interest bearing deposits represented 50.3% of total deposits at March 31, 2023, compared to 51.5% at December 31, 2022. The average cost of deposits was 0.20% in the first quarter of 2023 compared to 0.06% in the same period of 2022.

At March 31, 2023, the Bank had $155.4 million outstanding in overnight borrowings and $250.0 million outstanding in short-term borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank at rates of 5.11% and 5.21%, respectively. This compared to $112.0 million in overnight borrowings at December 31, 2022 at a rate of 4.65%. The Bank is actively evaluating strategies for reducing borrowings in the current environment and as market conditions change. Total immediate contingent funding sources, including unrestricted cash, unencumbered available-for-sale securities, and remaining borrowing capacity was $1.932 billion, or 59% of total deposits and 181% of estimated uninsured deposits as of March 31, 2023.

Capital Adequacy

We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements as set forth in the following tables can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and the Bank’s prompt corrective action classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors.

Management reviews capital ratios on a regular basis and produces a five-year capital plan semi-annually to ensure that capital exceeds the prescribed regulatory minimums and is adequate to meet our anticipated future needs.  Stress tests are performed on capital ratios and include scenarios such as additional unrealized losses on the investment portfolio, additional deposit growth and potential share repurchases. For all periods presented, the Bank’s ratios exceed the regulatory definition of “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action and Bancorp’s ratios exceed the required minimum ratios to be considered a well-capitalized bank holding company. In addition, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action as of March 31, 2023. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s categories and we expect the Bank to remain well capitalized for prompt corrective action purposes.

Bancorp's tangible common equity to tangible assets was 8.7% at March 31, 2023, compared to 8.2% at December 31, 2022. The Bank's tangible common equity to tangible assets was 8.3% at March 31, 2023, compared to 8.1% at December 31, 2022 for the Bank. The pro forma TCE ratio if held-to-maturity securities were treated the same as available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2023 would have been 6.9% (refer to page 41 for a discussion and reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure). Management believes this non-GAAP measure is important because it reflects the level of capital available to withstand drastic changes in market conditions. Contingent funding sources, such as the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve BTFP facility, ensure that banks have immediate access to liquidity and alleviate the need to sell securities in an unrealized loss position.


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The Bancorp’s and Bank’s capital adequacy ratios as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are presented in the following tables.
Bancorp Capital Ratios

(dollars in thousands)
Actual
Adequately Capitalized Threshold 1
Threshold to be a Well Capitalized Bank Holding Company
March 31, 2023AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)$438,510 16.15 %$285,095 10.50 %$271,519 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)$414,524 15.27 %$230,791 8.50 %$217,215 8.00 %
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)$414,524 9.94 %$166,844 4.00 %$208,555 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)$414,524 15.27 %$190,063 7.00 %$176,487 6.50 %
December 31, 2022   
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)$431,667 15.90 %$285,079 10.50 %$271,504 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)$407,912 15.02 %$230,778 8.50 %$217,203 8.00 %
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)$407,912 9.60 %$169,948 4.00 %$212,435 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)$407,912 15.02 %$190,053 7.00 %$176,478 6.50 %
Bank Capital Ratios


(dollars in thousands)
Actual
Adequately Capitalized Threshold 1
Threshold to be Well Capitalized under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
March 31, 2023AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)$424,276 15.63 %$285,083 10.50 %$271,508 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)$400,290 14.74 %$230,782 8.50 %$217,206 8.00 %
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)$400,290 9.60 %$166,837 4.00 %$208,546 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)$400,290 14.74 %$190,056 7.00 %$176,480 6.50 %
December 31, 2022      
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)$427,108 15.73 %$285,052 10.50 %$271,478 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)$403,352 14.86 %$230,757 8.50 %$217,183 8.00 %
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)$403,352 9.49 %$169,940 4.00 %$212,425 5.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)$403,352 14.86 %$190,035 7.00 %$176,461 6.50 %
1 Except for Tier 1 Leverage Capital, the adequately capitalized thresholds reflect the regulatory minimum plus a 2.5% capital conservation buffer as required under the Basel III Capital Standards in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The goal of liquidity management is to provide adequate funds to meet loan demand and to fund operating activities and deposit withdrawals. We accomplish this goal by maintaining an appropriate level of liquid assets and formal lines of credit with the FHLB, FRBSF and correspondent banks that enable us to borrow funds as seen in the table below and discussed in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 1 of this report. Our Asset Liability Management Committee ("ALCO"), which is comprised of independent Bank directors and the Bank's Chief Executive Officer, is responsible for approving and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies. The Bank has long-established minimum liquidity and diversification requirements using tools similar to larger banks such as the Liquidity Coverage Ratio and multi-scenario, long-horizon stress testing. Our contingency funding plan provides for early detection of potential liquidity issues in the market or the Bank and institutes prompt responses that may prevent or alleviate a potential liquidity crisis. Management monitors liquidity daily and regularly adjusts our position based on current and future liquidity needs. We also have relationships with third-party deposit networks and can adjust the placement of our deposits via reciprocal or one-way sales as part of our cash management strategy. We maintained $2.2 million in one-way-sale deposits off-balance sheet with deposit networks at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

In February 2023, we enhanced our borrowing capacity at the FHLB by pledging certain held-to-maturity securities to the Securities-Backed Credit Program. In addition, under the Federal Reserve’s new BTFP facility, we added $283.6 million to our borrowing capacity. Net available contingent funding sources, including unrestricted cash, unencumbered available-for-sale securities and total available borrowing capacity was $1.932 billion, or 181% of estimated uninsured deposits as of March 31, 2023. The Federal Reserve BTFP facility offers borrowing capacity
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based on par values of securities pledged and attractive borrowing rates. While the Bank has pledged securities and tested the facility, there has been no need to use it. The following table details the components of liquidity as of March 31, 2023.

(in thousands)
Total AvailableAmount UsedNet Availability
Internal Sources
Unrestricted cash$37,993 N/A$37,993 
Unencumbered securities at market value767,724 N/A767,724 
External Sources
FHLB line of credit1,037,158 $(405,400)631,758 
FRB line of credit and BTFP facility
344,181 — 344,181 
Lines of credit at correspondent banks150,000 — 150,000 
Total Liquidity$2,337,056 $(405,400)$1,931,656 
Note: Access to brokered deposit purchases through networks such as Intrafi and Reich & Tang and brokered CD sales is not included above.

We obtain funds from the repayment and maturity of loans, deposit inflows, investment security maturities and paydowns, federal funds purchases, FHLB advances, other borrowings, and cash flow from operations.  Our primary uses of funds are the origination of loans, the purchase of investment securities, withdrawals of deposits, maturity of certificates of deposit, repayment of borrowings, and dividends to common stockholders.
 
Customer deposits are a significant component of our daily liquidity position. The attraction and retention of new deposits depends upon the variety and effectiveness of our customer account products, service and convenience, rates paid to customers, and our financial strength. The cash cycles and unique business activities of some of our large commercial depositors may cause short-term fluctuations in their deposit balances held with us.

Our cash and cash equivalents decreased $7.4 million in the first three months of 2023. Significant uses of liquidity during 2023 were $322.8 million in withdrawals of deposits, $19.1 million in loan originations and advances, net of principal collected, and $4.0 million in cash dividends paid on common stock to our shareholders.

The most significant sources of liquidity during the first three months of 2023 were increased Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings of $293.4 million, proceeds from principal paydowns of investment securities of $32.9 million, and $13.4 million in net cash provided by operating activities. Refer to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in this Form 10-Q for additional information on our sources and uses of liquidity. Management anticipates that our current strong liquidity position as detailed in the table above is adequate to fund our operations.

Undrawn credit commitments, as discussed in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, totaled $529.5 million at March 31, 2023. We expect to fund these commitments to the extent utilized primarily through the repayment of existing loans, principal paydowns of investment securities, and liquid assets. Over the next twelve months, $112.0 million of time deposits will mature. We expect to replace these funds with new deposits or excess liquidity. Our emphasis on local deposits, combined with our immediately available funding sources, provides a very stable base for our liquidity needs. We had borrowings under our credit facilities of $405.4 million at March 31, 2023, and $112.0 million at December 31, 2022, as discussed in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in ITEM 1 of this report.

Since Bancorp is a holding company and does not conduct regular banking operations, its primary sources of liquidity are dividends from the Bank. Under the California Financial Code, payment of a dividend from the Bank to Bancorp without advance regulatory approval is restricted to the lesser of the Bank’s retained earnings or the amount of the Bank’s net profits from the previous three fiscal years less the amount of dividends paid during that period. The primary uses of funds for Bancorp are shareholder dividends and ordinary operating expenses.  Bancorp held $14.1 million in cash at March 31, 2023, which is expected to be sufficient to cover Bancorp's operational needs and cash dividends to shareholders through 2023. Management anticipates that there will be sufficient earnings at the Bank to provide dividends to Bancorp to meet its funding requirements for the foreseeable future.

Statement Regarding use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Our first quarter 2022 was impacted by costs associated with our acquisition of American River Bank ("ARB"), which we considered immaterial to discuss in this release. For additional information regarding the impact of non-GAAP adjustments to our first quarter 2022 performance measures, refer to Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2022.
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In this Form 10-Q, financial results are presented in accordance with GAAP and with reference to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes that, given recent industry turmoil, the presentation of Bancorp's non-GAAP TCE ratio reflecting the after tax impact of unrealized losses on HTM securities provides useful supplemental information to investors because it reflects the level of capital available to withstand drastic changes in market conditions. Because there are limits to the usefulness of this measure to investors, Bancorp encourages readers to consider its annual and quarterly consolidated financial statements and notes related thereto in their entirety, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and not to rely on any single financial measure. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP TCE ratio is presented below.

Reconciliation of GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures

(in thousands, unaudited)March 31, 2023
Tangible Common Equity - Bancorp
Total stockholders' equity$430,174 
Goodwill and core deposit intangible(77,525)
Total TCEa352,649 
Unrealized losses on HTM securities, net of tax 1
(76,378)
TCE, net of unrealized losses on HTM securities (non-GAAP)b$276,271 
Total assets$4,135,279 
Goodwill and core deposit intangible(77,525)
Total tangible assetsd4,057,754 
Unrealized losses on HTM securities, net of tax 1
(76,378)
Total tangible assets, net of unrealized losses on HTM securities (non-GAAP)e$3,981,376 
Bancorp TCE ratioa / d8.7 %
Bancorp TCE ratio, net of unrealized losses on HTM securities (non-GAAP)b / e6.9 %
1 Net unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities as of March 31, 2023 of $108.4 million, as shown in Note 4, net of an estimated $32.0 million in deferred tax benefits based on a blended state and federal statutory tax rate of 29.56%.

ITEM 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

Market risk is defined as the risk of loss arising from an adverse change in the market value (or prices) of financial instruments. A significant component of market risk is interest rate risk, which is inherent in our lending, investment, borrowing and deposit gathering activities. The Bank manages interest rate sensitivity to minimize the exposure of our net interest margin, earnings, and capital to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes can create fluctuations in the net interest margin due to an imbalance in the timing of repricing or maturity of assets or liabilities. Interest rate changes can also affect the market value of our financial instruments, such as available-for-sale securities and the related unrealized gains or losses, which affects our equity value.

To mitigate interest rate risk, the structure of our assets and liabilities is managed with the objective of correlating the effects of interest rate changes on loans and investments with those of deposits and borrowings. The asset liability management policy sets limits on the acceptable amount of change to net interest income and economic value of equity in different interest rate environments.

From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap contracts to mitigate the changes in the fair value of specified long-term fixed-rate loans and firm commitments to enter into long-term fixed-rate loans caused by changes in interest rates. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

ALCO and the Board of Directors review our exposure to interest rate risk at least quarterly. We use simulation models to measure interest rate risk and to evaluate strategies to improve profitability in the context of policy guidelines. A simplified statement of condition is prepared on a quarterly basis as a starting point, using instrument level data of our actual loans, investments, borrowings and deposits as inputs. If potential changes to net equity value and net interest income resulting from hypothetical interest rate changes are not within the limits established by the Board of Directors, management may adjust the asset and liability mix to bring the risk position within approved limits or take other actions. Governing policies are subject to review by regulators and are updated to incorporate their observations and to adapt to changes in idiosyncratic and systemic risks. At March 31, 2023, interest rate risk was within policy guidelines established by ALCO and the Board. One set of interest rates modeled and evaluated against flat interest rates and a static balance sheet is a series of immediate parallel shifts
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in the yield curve. Our most recent analysis of our interest rate sensitivity is provided in the following table as an example rather than an expectation of likely interest rate movements.
Immediate and Parallel Shift in Interest Rates (in basis points)Estimated Change in Net Interest Income in Year 1, as percent of Net Interest IncomeEstimated Change in Net Interest Income in Year 2, as percent of Net Interest Income
up 400(10.2)%(0.6)%
up 300(7.7)%(0.5)%
up 200(5.1)%(0.4)%
up 100(2.4)%0.3 %
down 100(0.5)%(2.3)%
down 200(1.5)%(4.2)%

Interest rate sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of our assets and liabilities. The Bank runs a combination of scenarios and sensitivities in its attempt to capture the range of interest rate risk including the simulations mentioned above. As with any simulation model or other method of measuring interest rate risk, limitations are inherent in the process and dependent on assumptions. For example, lower deposit growth than modeled may cause the Bank to increase its borrowing position, thereby increasing its liability sensitivity. Additionally, assets and liabilities may react differently to changes in market interest rates in terms of both timing and responsiveness to market rate movements. Important deposit modeling assumptions include the speed of deposit run-off and the amount by which interest-bearing deposit rates increase or decrease when market interest rates change, otherwise known as the deposit beta. We applied deposit betas up to 45%, averaging 35%, to rates paid on non-maturity interest-bearing deposits in rising rate scenarios, reflected in the table above. The actual rates and timing of prepayments on loans and investment securities could vary significantly from the assumptions applied in the various scenarios. Lastly, uneven changes in different tenors of U.S. Treasury rates that result in changes to the shape of the yield curve could produce different results from those presented in the table. Accordingly, the results presented should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results in the event of changing market interest rates.

ITEM 4.       Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Bank of Marin Bancorp and its subsidiary (the "Company") conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. The term disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Act (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, there were no significant changes that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting. The term internal control over financial reporting, as defined by Rule 15d-15(f) of the Act, is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the issuer's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the issuer's board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
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PART II       OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1         Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of our 2022 Form 10-K and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A      Risk Factors

Our business is influenced by many factors that are difficult to predict, involve uncertainties that may materially affect actual results and are often beyond our control. In evaluating an investment in Bancorp's common stock, investors should consider, among other things, the risks previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of our 2022 Form 10-K, and the information contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and other reports and registration statements filed with the SEC, which are incorporated herein by reference. Other than as noted below, there have been no material changes in the risk factors disclosed in our 2022 Form 10-K.
Recent Negative Developments Affecting the Banking Industry and Resulting Media Coverage Have Eroded Customer and Investor Confidence in the Banking System

The recent high-profile bank failures involving Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank, as well as media and market coverage of the Bay Area economy and local financial institutions, have generated significant market volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies and, in particular, regional and community banks like the Company. These market developments have negatively impacted customer confidence in the safety and soundness of regional and community banks. As a result, customers may choose to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions or invest in higher yielding short-term fixed income securities, all of which could materially adversely impact the Company’s liquidity, loan funding capacity, net interest margin, capital and results of operations. Additionally, these recent events have, and could continue to, adversely impact the market price and volatility of the Company’s common stock independent from the Company’s actual underlying financial performance.

Rising Interest Rates Have Decreased the Value of the Company’s Held-To-Maturity and Available-for-Sale Securities Portfolio, and the Company Would Realize Losses if It Were Required to Sell Such Securities to Meet Liquidity Needs

As a result of inflationary pressures and the resulting rapid increases in interest rates over the last year, the trading value of previously issued government and other fixed income securities has declined significantly. These securities make up a majority of the securities portfolio of most banks in the U.S., including the Company’s, resulting in unrealized losses embedded in the held-to-maturity portion of U.S. banks’ securities portfolios and unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities reflected in the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income. While the Company does not currently intend to sell these securities, if the Company were required to sell such securities to meet liquidity needs, it may incur losses, which could impair the Company’s capital, financial condition, and results of operations and may require the Company to raise additional capital on unfavorable terms, thereby negatively impacting its profitability.

Any Regulatory Examination Scrutiny or New Regulatory Requirements Arising From the Recent Events in the Banking Industry Could Increase the Company’s Expenses and Affect the Company’s Operations

The Company also anticipates increased regulatory scrutiny – in the course of routine examinations and otherwise – and new regulations directed towards banks of similar size to the Bank, designed to address the recent negative developments in the banking industry, all of which may increase the Company’s costs of doing business and reduce its profitability. As primarily a commercial bank, the Bank has a higher percentage of uninsured deposits compared to primarily retail focused banks. As a result, the Bank could face increased scrutiny or be viewed as higher risk by regulators and the investor community.

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ITEM 2       Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On July 16, 2021, Bancorp Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which Bancorp could repurchase up to $25.0 million of its outstanding common stock through July 31, 2023. On October 22, 2021, Bancorp's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the current share repurchase program, which increased the total authorization from $25.0 million to $57.0 million and left the expiration date unchanged.

The last activity under the program was in the first quarter of 2022. Cumulative shares repurchased under the current program total 618,991 shares at an average price of $36.04 per share, with $34.7 million outstanding as of March 31, 2023. The Bank opted not to repurchase shares in the first quarter, exercising prudence given recent uncertainties in the marketplace and the importance of maintaining capital and liquidity reserves to absorb the impacts of external events the Bank cannot control.

ITEM 3       Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
 
ITEM 4      Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

ITEM 5      Other Information
None.
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ITEM 6       Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report or hereby incorporated by references to filings previously made with the SEC.
 Incorporated by Reference 
Exhibit NumberExhibit DescriptionFormFile No.ExhibitFiling DateHerewith
3.01S-4333-2570253.01June 11, 2021 
3.02S-4333-2570253.02June 11, 2021
4.0110-K001-335724.01March 16, 2023
10.01S-8333-2182744.1May 26, 2017 
10.02S-8333-2212194.1October 30, 2017
10.03S-8333-2278404.1October 15, 2018 
10.04S-8333-2395554.1June 30, 2020 
10.0510-Q001-3357210.06November 7, 2007 
10.0610-K001-3357210.07March 15, 2021 
10.078-K001-3357210.2November 4, 2014
10.088-K001-3357210.1October 31, 2007 
10.0910-K001-3357210.13March 15, 2021
10.108-K001-3357210.1September 24, 2021
10.118-K001-3357210.1December 21, 2022
10.128-K001-3357210.2December 21, 2022
10.138-K001-3357210.3December 21, 2022
10.148-K001-3357210.4December 21, 2022
31.01    Filed
31.02    Filed
32.01    Filed
101.INSInline XBRL Instance DocumentFiled
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentFiled
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase DocumentFiled
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document    Filed
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentFiled
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase DocumentFiled
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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Bank of Marin Bancorp
(registrant)
May 9, 2023 /s/ Timothy D. Myers
Date Timothy D. Myers
  President and Chief Executive Officer
  (Principal Executive Officer)
  
May 9, 2023 /s/ Tani Girton
Date 
Tani Girton
  Executive Vice President &
  Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
May 9, 2023 /s/ David A. Merck
 Date David A. Merck
First Vice President & Controller
   (Principal Accounting Officer)

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