424B5 1 d424b5.htm PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT - GMACM 2007-HE2 - FINAL Prospectus Supplement - GMACM 2007-HE2 - Final
Table of Contents

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(B)(5)

Registration No. 333-140609-02

Prospectus Supplement dated June 28, 2007

(To prospectus dated April 17, 2007)

$1,240,884,000

GMAC MORTGAGE, LLC

Servicer and Sponsor

GMACM HOME EQUITY LOAN TRUST 2007-HE2

Issuing Entity

Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc.

Depositor

GMACM Home Equity Loan-Backed Term Notes, Series 2007-HE2

The Trust

 

   

will issue six classes of notes and the certificates. Only the notes are offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. The six classes of notes are designated as the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4 , Class A-5 and Class A-6 Notes.

 

   

will make payments on the notes and the certificates primarily from collections on a pool of residential mortgage loans consisting of closed-end, fixed rate, primarily second-lien home equity loans.

Credit enhancement will consist of:

 

   

Excess interest, to the extent described in this prospectus supplement;

 

   

Overcollateralization, to the extent described in this prospectus supplement; and

 

   

An irrevocable and unconditional financial guaranty insurance policy issued by Financial Guaranty Insurance Company insuring the notes, which will protect holders of the notes against certain shortfalls in amounts due to be distributed at the times and as described in this prospectus supplement.

Payments on the notes will be on the 25th day of each month, or, if the 25th is not a business day, on the next business day, beginning July 25, 2007.

LOGO

 

You should consider carefully the risk factors beginning on page S-15 in this prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved the notes or determined that this prospectus supplement or the prospectus is accurate or complete. It is illegal for anyone to tell you otherwise.

The Attorney General of the State of New York has not passed on or endorsed the merits of this offering. Any representation to the contrary is unlawful.

Residential Funding Securities, LLC, Greenwich Capital Markets, Inc. and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., as underwriters, will severally purchase all of the notes from the depositor in the amounts described in “Underwriting” on page S-103 of this prospectus supplement. The notes are offered by the issuing entity through the underwriter to prospective purchasers from time to time in negotiated transactions at varying prices to be determined based on the market price at the time of sale. The net proceeds to the depositor from the sale of the notes will be approximately 99.75% of the aggregate principal balance of the notes, before deducting expenses. Delivery of the notes is expected to be made in book-entry form on or about June 28, 2007. The notes will be offered in the United States and Europe.

 

GMAC RFC Securities   RBS Greenwich Capital
(Joint Lead Manager and Book Runner)   (Joint Lead Manager and Book Runner)
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
(Co-Manager)


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Important Notice About Information in this Prospectus Supplement

and the Accompanying Prospectus

We tell you about the notes in two separate documents that progressively provide more detail:

 

   

the accompanying prospectus, which provides general information, some of which may not apply to a particular series of securities, including your notes; and

 

   

this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of your notes and may be different from the information in the prospectus.

We include cross-references in this prospectus supplement and in the accompanying prospectus to captions in these materials where you can find further related discussions. The Table of Contents on the following page provides the pages on which these captions can be found.

If you require additional information, the mailing address of the principal executive office of the depositor is Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc., 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 250, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437, and its telephone number is (952) 832-7000. For other means of acquiring additional information about the depositor or the notes, see “Additional Information,” “Reports to Securityholders” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” in the attached prospectus.

European Economic Area

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive, each, referred to in this prospectus supplement as a Relevant Member State, each underwriter has represented and agreed that with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State, referred to in this prospectus supplement as the Relevant Implementation Date, it has not made and will not make an offer of notes to the public in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the notes which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of notes to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:

 

  (a) to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

 

  (b) to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts; or

 

  (c) in any other circumstances which do not require the publication by the issuing entity of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, (i) “offer of notes to the public” in relation to any notes in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the notes, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, and (ii) “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.

 

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United Kingdom

Each underwriter has represented and agreed that:

 

  (a) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act, referred to in this prospectus supplement as FSMA) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the notes in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to the issuing entity; and

 

  (b) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the notes in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

 

S-3


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Table of Contents

 

     Page

Summary

   S-5

Risk Factors

   S-15

Issuing Entity

   S-23

Sponsor, Servicer and Originator

   S-23

General

   S-23

Loan Origination and Types of Mortgage Loans

   S-24

GMAC Mortgage, LLC Securitization Experience

   S-25

GMAC Mortgage, LLC Origination Experience

   S-26

GMAC Mortgage, LLC Servicing Experience

   S-27

Description of the Mortgage Loans

   S-30

General

   S-30

Initial Mortgage Loans

   S-30

Loan Terms of the Mortgage Loans

   S-32

Balloon Mortgage Loans

   S-32

Mortgage Loan Statistical Information

   S-32

Underwriting Standards

   S-33

Static Pool Information

   S-37

Conveyance of Subsequent Mortgage Loans; the Pre-Funding Account

   S-37

Billing and Payment Procedures

   S-39

Additional Information

   S-39

The Credit Enhancer

   S-40

The Credit Enhancer’s Credit Ratings

   S-42

The Yield Maintenance Agreement Provider

   S-43

Description of the Securities

   S-44

General

   S-44

Book-Entry Notes

   S-44

Payments on the Notes

   S-47

Interest Payments on the Notes

   S-47

Capitalized Interest Account

   S-48

Principal Payments on the Notes

   S-48

Priority of Distributions

   S-49

Optional Transfers of Mortgage Loans to Holders of Certificates; Repurchase of Defaulted Mortgage Loans

   S-50

Overcollateralization

   S-50

The Yield Maintenance Agreement

   S-51

Allocation of Losses

   S-51

The Paying Agent

   S-51

Maturity and Optional Redemption

   S-51

Glossary of Terms

   S-52

Description of the Policy

   S-61

Yield and Prepayment Considerations

   S-63

Description of the Purchase of Mortgage Loans

   S-78

The Purchase Agreement

   S-78

Purchase of Mortgage Loans

   S-78

Representations and Warranties

   S-78

The Servicer

   S-79

Description of the Servicing Agreement

   S-81

Principal Collections and Interest Collections

   S-81

Collection and Other Servicing Procedures; Loss Mitigation

   S-82

Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses

   S-83

Realization Upon Defaulted Loans

   S-83

Release of Lien; Refinancing of Senior Lien

   S-84

Non-Recordation of Assignments; Possession of Mortgages

   S-85

Events of Default; Rights Upon Event of Default

   S-85

Certain Matters Regarding the Servicer

   S-86

Amendment

   S-87

Permitted Investments

   S-87

The Trust Agreement and the Indenture

   S-89

The Trust

   S-89

The Owner Trustee

   S-89

The Indenture Trustee

   S-90

Reports To Noteholders

   S-91

Certain Covenants

   S-92

Events of Default; Rights Upon Event of Default

   S-93

Amendment and Modification of Trust Agreement and Indenture

   S-95

Termination; Redemption of Notes

   S-96

Certain Matters Regarding the Indenture Trustee and the Issuer

   S-96

Custodial Arrangements

   S-96

Legal Proceedings

   S-97

Certain Legal Considerations

   S-97

Use of Proceeds

   S-97

Material Federal Income Tax Considerations

   S-98

State and Other Tax Consequences

   S-101

ERISA Considerations

   S-101

Legal Investment

   S-102

Underwriting

   S-103

Experts

   S-104

Legal Matters

   S-104

Ratings

   S-104

 

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Summary

The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the detailed information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

 

Issuing Entity    The GMACM Home Equity Loan Trust 2007-HE2.
Title of the offered securities    GMACM Home Equity Loan-Backed Term Notes, Series 2007-HE2.
Certificates    GMACM Home Equity Loan-Backed Certificates, Series 2007-HE2. The certificates are not offered by this prospectus supplement.
Depositor    Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc.
   For more information on the depositor, we refer you to “The Depositor” in the accompanying prospectus.
Sellers, Servicer and Sponsor    GMAC Mortgage, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is the originator of some of the mortgage loans and the sponsor of the issuing entity. Some of the initial mortgage loans were originated or acquired by GMAC Mortgage, LLC. Most of those mortgage loans were originated or acquired by GMAC Bank, a Utah industrial bank and an affiliate of GMAC Mortgage, LLC and subsequently sold to GMAC Mortgage, LLC. GMAC Mortgage, LLC will be the seller of some of the initial mortgage loans and some of the subsequent mortgage loans and the remainder of the initial mortgage loans and subsequent mortgage loans will be sold to the depositor by a trust established by GMAC Mortgage, LLC, which in turn acquired the mortgage loans from GMAC Mortgage, LLC. GMAC Mortgage, LLC will also be the servicer of the mortgage loans. The servicer will be obligated to service the mortgage loans pursuant to the servicing agreement to be dated as of the closing date, among the servicer, the issuing entity and the indenture trustee.
   We refer you to “The Agreements—The Servicing Agreement” and “Sponsor, Servicer and Originator—General” in this prospectus supplement for further information on the seller and servicer.
Originators    Approximately 28.56% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) were originated or acquired by GMAC Mortgage, LLC and approximately 71.44% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) were originated or acquired by GMAC Bank, an affiliate of GMAC Mortgage, LLC. No other originator originated 10% or more of the mortgage loans.
Owner Trustee    Wilmington Trust Company.

 

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   We refer you to “The Owner Trustee” in this prospectus supplement for further information on the owner trustee.
Indenture Trustee    The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A.
   We refer you to “The Indenture Trustee” in this prospectus supplement for further information on the indenture trustee.
Closing Date    On or about June 28, 2007.
Cut-Off Date    June 1, 2007.
Payment Date    The 25th day of each month, or, if that day is not a business day, the next business day, beginning on July 25, 2007.
Final Payment Date    The payment date in December 2037. The actual final payment date could be substantially earlier.
Form of securities    Book-entry.
   See “Description of the Securities—Book-Entry Notes” in this prospectus supplement.
Minimum denominations    $25,000.
Credit Enhancer    Financial Guaranty Insurance Company.
   We refer you to “The Credit Enhancer” in this prospectus supplement for further information.

The Yield Maintenance Agreement Provider

   HSBC Bank USA, National Association.
   We refer you to “The Yield Maintenance Agreement Provider” in this prospectus supplement for further information.
Legal Investment    The notes will not be “mortgage related securities” for purposes of SMMEA.
   See “Legal Investment” in this prospectus supplement and “Legal Investment Matters” in the prospectus.

 

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Class A Notes

 

Class

  

Note

Rate

 

Initial

Note Balance

  

Initial Rating

(Moody’s/S&P)(1)

  

Final Payment

Date

  

Designations

A-1

   Variable   $ 488,845,000    Aaa/AAA    December 2037    Senior/Variable Rate

A-2

   6.054%   $ 170,818,000    Aaa/AAA    December 2037    Senior/Fixed Rate

A-3

   6.193%   $ 219,526,000    Aaa/AAA    December 2037    Senior/Fixed Rate

A-4

   6.424%   $ 173,734,000    Aaa/AAA    December 2037    Senior/Fixed Rate

A-5

   6.551%   $ 63,873,000    Aaa/AAA    December 2037    Senior/Fixed Rate

A-6

   6.249%   $ 124,088,000    Aaa/AAA    December 2037   

Senior/Fixed

Rate/Lockout

Total:

     $ 1,240,884,000         

(1) See “Ratings” in this prospectus supplement.

Other Information:

Only the notes are offered for sale pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the related prospectus. The certificates will be retained by the Servicer or one of its affiliates.

The notes represent obligations solely of GMACM Home Equity Loan Trust 2007-HE2 and do not represent interests in or obligations of the sponsor, depositor, servicer or any of their respective affiliates.

Class A-1 Note Rate

On any payment date, the note rate for the Class A-1 Notes will be a per annum rate equal to the least of:

 

(1) One-Month LIBOR plus 0.14%;

 

(2) the net wac rate which is generally equal to the weighted average loan rate of the mortgage loans, minus the premium rate on the financial guaranty insurance policy and the servicing fee rate; and

 

(3) 10.00%.

Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4, Class A-5 and Class A-6 Note Rate

On any payment date, the note rate for the Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4, Class A-5 and Class A-6 Notes will be equal to the lesser of:

 

  (1) the rate listed in the table above under “Note Rate”; and

 

  (2) the net wac rate.

 

 

The note rate on the Class A-4 Notes will increase by 1.00% per annum for each payment date beginning with the second payment date that the servicer could purchase the mortgage loans. The note rate on the Class A-5 and Class A-6 Notes will increase by 0.50% per annum for each payment date beginning with the second payment date that the servicer could purchase the mortgage loans. See “Description of the Securities—Maturity and Redemption” in this prospectus supplement.

 

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Transfer Of Mortgage Loans

The diagram below illustrates the sequence of transfers of the mortgage loans that are included in the mortgage pool. GMAC Mortgage, LLC and Walnut Grove Mortgage Loan Trust 2003-A, a trust established by GMAC Mortgage, LLC, will, simultaneously with the closing of the transaction described herein, sell the mortgage loans to Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc., as the depositor. The depositor will then transfer the mortgage loans to the owner trustee, on behalf of the issuing entity. The issuing entity will then pledge all of its right, title and interest in the mortgage loans to the indenture trustee for the benefit of the noteholders and the credit enhancer. See “The Trust Agreement and Indenture” in this prospectus supplement and “The Agreements—The Trustee” and in the prospectus. For a description of the affiliations among various transaction parties, see “Affiliations Among Transaction Parties” in this prospectus supplement.

LOGO

 

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The Trust

The depositor will establish the GMACM Home Equity Loan Trust 2007-HE2, a Delaware statutory trust, to issue the notes. The assets of the trust will include the mortgage loans and related assets.

The Mortgage Pool

Unless we indicate otherwise, the statistical information we present in this prospectus supplement is approximate and reflects the initial pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date.

Information with respect to 17,852 of the initial mortgage loans with an aggregate principal balance of approximately $960,436,654.21 as of the close of business on the day prior to the cut-off date is presented in this prospectus supplement.

The initial pool of mortgage loans will consist of fixed rate, closed-end, primarily second-lien home equity loans evidenced by promissory notes and secured by mortgages or deeds of trust on the related residential properties. No more than approximately 94.63% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) are secured by second mortgages or deeds of trust and the remainder are secured by first mortgages or deeds of trust. Substantially all of the initial mortgage loans provide for substantially equal payments in an amount sufficient to amortize the mortgage loans over their terms, except for some of the mortgage loans which have balloon amounts due at maturity and certain loans which require the related borrowers to make monthly payments of accrued interest but not principal, for the first five or ten years following origination.

As of the cut-off date, the initial mortgage loans had the following characteristics:

 

Number of loans

   17,852

Cut-off date principal balance

   $960,436,654.21

Range of principal balances

   $1,579.38 to $594,073.26

Average principal balance

   $53,799.95

Range of loan rates

   5.200% to 15.825%

Weighted average loan rate

   8.825%

Range of original terms to scheduled maturity

   60 months to 360 months

Weighted average original term to scheduled maturity

   224 months

Range of remaining terms to scheduled maturity

   58 months to 360 months

Weighted average remaining term to scheduled maturity

   223 months

Range of combined loan-to-value ratios

   1.82% to 100.00%

Weighted average combined loan-to-value ratio

   80.52%

 

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The following tables describe certain characteristics of the initial mortgage loans included in the issuing entity as of the cut-off date:

 

Loan Purpose

   Number
of initial
mortgage
loans
  

Principal

Balance ($)

   Percent of
Principal
Balance
(%)
 

Cash Out Refinance

   7,914    $ 439,133,429.75    45.72 %

Debt Consolidation*

   3,857      215,327,694.10    22.42  

Purchase*

   3,742      178,087,746.58    18.54  

Rate/Term Refinance

   1,356      74,821,767.16    7.79  

Home Improvement*

   977      52,768,154.44    5.49  

Education*

   6      297,862.18    0.03  
                  

Total

   17,852    $ 960,436,654.21    100.00 %
                  

* A portion of the proceeds of some of the initial mortgage loans may have also been used for refinancing.

 

Loan Documentation

   Number
of initial
mortgage
loans
  

Principal

Balance ($)

   Percent of
Principal
Balance
(%)
 

Standard

   9,734    $ 489,014,515.89    50.92 %

AAA

   3,696      242,160,111.15    25.21  

Full / Alt

   1,319      65,876,021.55    6.86  

Stated Income / Easy Doc

   1,135      57,312,632.09    5.97  

Family First Direct

   441      21,590,561.80    2.25  

Stated Income / Stated Asset

   382      21,076,648.71    2.19  

Stated Income / Verified Asset

   187      14,709,071.73    1.53  

Relocation

   234      11,049,792.50    1.15  

One Paystub

   160      6,668,711.45    0.69  

No Income / No Appraisal

   117      6,644,505.55    0.69  

Select

   62      5,465,740.11    0.57  

Lite Doc

   100      4,878,308.89    0.51  

Go Fast

   137      4,843,942.20    0.50  

Fast Doc / Reduced

   64      4,704,711.51    0.49  

No Income Verification

   32      1,752,732.15    0.18  

No Ratio / No Stated Income

   23      1,273,734.35    0.13  

No Doc

   16      805,440.14    0.08  

GM Expanded Family

   9      441,276.08    0.05  

No Income / No Asset

   2      79,496.36    0.01  

Express

   1      67,500.00    0.01  

Super Express

   1      21,200.00    0.00 *
                  

Total

   17,852    $ 960,436,654.21    100.00 %
                  

* Indicates a number less than 0.005% but greater than 0.000%.

The properties securing the initial mortgage loans include single-family properties, properties in planned unit developments, two-to-four family units, condominiums and townhouses.

The securities described on the table on page S-7 are the only securities backed by this mortgage pool that will be issued.

Loan Rate

The loan rate of each mortgage loan is the per annum interest rate required to be paid by the mortgagor under the terms of the related mortgage note.

We refer you to “Description of the Mortgage Loans—Initial Mortgage Loans” in this prospectus supplement for further information.

Servicing

GMAC Mortgage, LLC will be responsible for servicing the mortgage loans, as more fully described under “Servicing Agreement” herein.

The servicing fees for each mortgage loan are payable out of the interest payments on that mortgage loan prior to payments to noteholders. The servicing fees relating to each mortgage loan will be equal to 0.500% per annum.

Repurchases of Mortgage Loans

If GMAC Mortgage, LLC cannot cure a breach of any representation or warranty made by any seller and assigned to the indenture trustee for the benefit of the noteholders and the credit enhancer relating to a mortgage loan within 90 days after notice from the indenture trustee and the credit enhancer or servicer, and the breach materially and adversely affects the interests of the noteholders or the credit enhancer in the mortgage loan, the seller will be obligated to

 

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purchase the mortgage loan at a price equal to its principal balance as of the date of purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest to the first day of the month following the month of repurchase, less the amount payable in respect of servicing compensation or reimbursement.

The Certificates

The issuing entity will also issue GMACM Home Equity Loan-Backed Certificates, Series 2007-HE2, which will not be offered by this prospectus supplement. The certificates will be issued pursuant to the trust agreement and will represent the beneficial ownership interests in the trust.

Pre-Funding Account

On the closing date, approximately $320,145,551 will be deposited into an account designated the “pre-funding account.” This amount will come from the proceeds of the sale of the notes. During the pre-funding period as described in this prospectus supplement, funds on deposit in the pre-funding account will be used by the issuing entity to buy mortgage loans from the sellers from time to time.

The pre-funding period will be the period from the closing date to the earliest of:

 

   

the date on which the amount on deposit in the pre-funding account is less than $100,000;

 

   

the payment date in September 2007; or

 

   

the occurrence of a servicing default under the servicing agreement.

The mortgage loans sold to the trust after the closing date will conform to certain specified characteristics.

Amounts on deposit in the pre-funding account will be invested in permitted investments as specified in the servicing agreement. Any amount remaining in the pre-funding account at the end of the pre-funding period will be used to make principal payments on the notes.

We refer you to “Description of the Mortgage Loans—Conveyance of Subsequent Mortgage Loans; the Pre-Funding Account” in this prospectus supplement for further information.

Capitalized Interest Account

On the closing date, if required by the credit enhancer, part of the proceeds of the sale of the notes will be deposited into an account designated the “capitalized interest account,” which will be held by the indenture trustee. Amounts on deposit in the capitalized interest account will be withdrawn on each payment date during the pre-funding period to cover any shortfall in interest payments on the notes or any premium due to the credit enhancer as a result of the pre-funding feature. Any amounts remaining in the capitalized interest account at the end of the pre-funding period will be paid to GMAC Mortgage, LLC.

We refer you to “Description of the Securities—Capitalized Interest Account” in this prospectus supplement for further information.

Payments on the Notes

On each monthly payment date, the indenture trustee will make distributions to the holders of the notes. The amounts available for distribution will include:

 

   

collections of monthly payments of principal and interest on mortgage loans, including prepayments and other unscheduled collections,

plus

 

   

amounts from any draws on the policy,

minus

 

   

fees and expenses of the trust.

The aggregate amount of such monthly collections is described under the heading “Description of the Servicing Agreement—Principal Collections and Interest Collections” in this prospectus supplement.

Interest payments on the notes will be made monthly on each payment date, beginning in July 2007, at the note rate described on page S-7 of this prospectus supplement. Interest payments on the Class A-1 Notes will accrue from the preceding payment date, or in the case

 

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of the first payment date, from the closing date, through the day before that payment date and will be calculated on the basis of a year of 360 days and the actual number of days elapsed. Interest payments on all other classes of notes will accrue in the calendar month immediately preceding the payment date and will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. Payments to noteholders will be made from amounts available for distribution in the following order:

 

Priority of Payment

  

Distribution

[GRAPHIC APPEARS HERE]    from interest collections, to pay to the credit enhancer the premium for the financial guaranty insurance policy and any unpaid premiums, with interest;
  

 

from interest collections, to pay accrued and unpaid interest due on the notes;

  

 

from principal collections, to pay principal on the notes, in the order of priority set described under “Description of the Securities—Principal Distributions”;

  

 

from excess interest collections, to pay principal on the notes, sequentially, in an amount equal to the liquidation loss distribution amount for that payment date, together with any liquidation loss distribution amount remaining undistributed from any preceding payment date;

  

 

to reimburse the credit enhancer for prior draws made on the financial guaranty insurance policy, with interest thereon;

  

 

from excess interest collections, to pay as additional principal on the notes, sequentially, an amount equal to the overcollateralization increase amount for that payment date;

  

 

to pay to the credit enhancer any other amounts owed the credit enhancer under the insurance agreement;

  

 

to pay to the indenture trustee amounts owed to the indenture trustee under the indenture;

  

 

to pay any interest carry forward amounts; and

  

 

to pay any remaining amount to the holders of certificates.

Payments of the principal distribution amount, liquidation loss distribution amount and the overcollateralization increase amount for that payment date shall be paid to the notes in the amounts and priorities as described under “Description of the Securities—Allocation of Payments on the Mortgage Loans” in this prospectus supplement.

Credit Enhancement

The credit enhancement provided for the benefit of the notes consists of:

Excess Interest. Because the mortgagors are expected to pay more interest on the mortgage loans than is necessary to pay the interest on the notes and the premium for the policy, there may be excess interest. Some of this excess interest may be used to protect the notes against some losses by making an additional payment of principal up to the amount of the losses.

Overcollateralization. Excess interest will be used to make additional principal payments on the notes, until the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans exceeds the aggregate principal amount of the notes by a specified amount. This excess will represent overcollateralization, which may absorb some losses on the mortgage loans if they are not covered by excess interest. If the level of overcollateralization falls below what is required, the excess interest described above will be paid to the notes as principal, until the required level of overcollateralization is reached.

 

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As of the closing date, the sum of the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans conveyed to the trust fund and the amount on deposit in the prefunding account will exceed the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the notes by at least $39,698,206. This amount represents an initial overcollateralization of the notes relative to the mortgage loans and the initial amount on deposit in the pre-funding account. The cashflow mechanics for the notes are intended to increase this overcollateralization by applying all or a portion of the excess spread to the payment of principal of the notes as further described in this prospectus supplement.

Policy. On the closing date, the credit enhancer will issue the financial guaranty insurance policy in favor of the indenture trustee for the benefit of the noteholders. The policy will unconditionally and irrevocably guarantee interest on the notes at the note rate, other than Relief Act Shortfalls, prepayment interest shortfalls, interest carry forward amounts and any amounts owing under the yield maintenance agreement, will cover the principal portion of any losses allocated to the notes not covered by excess interest or overcollateralization and will guarantee the outstanding note principal balance due on the notes on the final payment date. The policy is not cancelable for any reason.

We refer you to “The Credit Enhancer” and “Description of the Policy” in this prospectus supplement.

Yield Maintenance Agreement

The holders of the Class A-1 Notes may benefit from a series of interest rate cap payments from the yield maintenance agreement provider pursuant to a yield maintenance agreement as described in this prospectus supplement. The yield maintenance agreement is intended to partially mitigate the interest rate risk that could result from the difference between one-month LIBOR plus the related margin and the net wac rate as described in this prospectus supplement. The yield maintenance agreement will terminate after the payment date in August 2009.

See “The Yield Maintenance Agreement Provider” and “Description of the Securities—The Yield Maintenance Agreement” in this prospectus supplement.

Optional Redemption

A principal payment may be made to redeem the notes upon the exercise by the servicer of its option to purchase the mortgage loans in the trust after the aggregate note balance of the notes is reduced to an amount less than 10% of the initial aggregate note balance. The purchase price payable by the servicer for the mortgage loans will be the sum of:

 

 

the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loans, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon at the weighted average of the net wac rates of the mortgage loans through the day preceding the payment date of this purchase, and the fair market value of real estate acquired by foreclosure; and

 

 

all amounts due and owing the credit enhancer.

We refer you to “Description of the Securities—Maturity and Optional Redemption” in this prospectus supplement and “The Agreements—Termination; Retirement of Securities” in the attached prospectus for further information.

ERISA Considerations

The notes are eligible for purchase by pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plans as well as individual retirement accounts and certain types of Keogh plans. However, any fiduciary or other investor of assets of a plan that proposes to acquire or hold the notes on behalf of or with assets of any plan should consult with its counsel with respect to the potential applicability of the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to the proposed investment.

We refer you to “ERISA Considerations” in this prospectus supplement and in the attached prospectus for further information.

 

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Material Federal Income Tax Considerations

The depositor will elect to treat the trust, exclusive of the yield maintenance agreement, as one or more “real estate mortgage investment conduits,” or REMICs. In the opinion of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, special tax counsel to the depositor, for federal income tax purposes, the notes will be treated as representing ownership of REMIC regular interests and will be treated as representing ownership of debt for federal income tax purposes, coupled with rights to receive certain interest carry forward amounts and, in the case of the Class A-1 Notes, with an interest in a yield maintenance agreement. You will be required to include in income all interest and original issue discount, if any, on such notes in accordance with the accrual method of accounting regardless of your usual methods of accounting. For federal income tax purposes, the Class R Certificates will be the sole residual interest in the real estate mortgage investment conduits.

For further information regarding material income tax considerations in respect of an investment in the notes, we refer you to “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” and “State and Other Tax Consequences” in this prospectus supplement and “Material Federal Income Tax Consequences” and “State and Other Tax Consequences” in the attached prospectus.

Ratings

It is a condition to the issuance of the notes that they receive the ratings shown on page S-7 of this prospectus supplement. A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization. A security rating does not address the frequency of prepayments of the mortgage loans or any corresponding effect on the yield to investors. A security rating does not address the payment of any interest carry forward amount. In addition, the ratings do not address the likelihood of the receipt of any amounts in respect of relief act shortfalls. The ratings also do not address the likelihood of the receipt of any amounts under the yield maintenance agreement. We refer you to “Yield and Prepayment Considerations” and “Ratings” in this prospectus supplement for further information.

 

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Risk Factors

The notes are not suitable investments for all investors. In particular, you should not purchase the notes unless you understand the prepayment, credit, liquidity and market risks associated with the notes.

The notes are complex securities. You should possess, either alone or together with an investment advisor, the expertise necessary to evaluate the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in the context of your financial situation and tolerance for risk.

You should carefully consider, among other things, the following factors in connection with the purchase of the notes.

 

The mortgaged properties might not be adequate security for the mortgage loans.    Although the mortgage loans are secured by liens on mortgaged properties, this collateral may not give assurance of repayment of the mortgage loans comparable to the assurance of repayment that many first lien lending programs provide, and the mortgage loans, especially those with high combined loan-to-value ratios, may have risk of repayment characteristics more similar to unsecured consumer loans.
   Approximately 94.63% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut off date) are secured by second mortgages that are subordinate to the rights of the mortgagee under a senior mortgage or mortgages. The proceeds from any liquidation, insurance or condemnation proceedings will be available to satisfy the outstanding principal balance of these mortgage loans only to the extent that the claims of the senior mortgages have been satisfied in full, including any related foreclosure costs. If the servicer determines that it would be uneconomical to foreclose on the related mortgaged property, the servicer may write off the entire outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan. These considerations will be particularly applicable to mortgage loans secured by second mortgages that have high combined loan-to-value ratios because, in these cases, the servicer is more likely to determine that foreclosure would be uneconomical. These losses will be borne by the noteholders if the applicable credit enhancement is insufficient to absorb them.
   Defaults on mortgage loans are generally expected to occur with greater frequency in their early years. The rate of default of mortgage loans secured by junior mortgages may be greater than that of mortgage loans secured by senior mortgages on comparable properties.
   We cannot assure you that the values of the mortgaged properties have remained or will remain at their levels on the dates of origination of the related mortgage loans. If the residential real estate market experiences an overall decline in value, this could extinguish the value of the interest of a junior mortgagee in the mortgaged property before having any adverse effect on the interest of the related senior mortgagees.

 

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Dependency on the creditworthiness of the mortgagors.    As a result of the above considerations, the underwriting standards and procedures applicable to the mortgage loans, as well as the repayment prospects of the mortgage loans, may be more dependent on the creditworthiness of the borrower and less dependent on the adequacy of the mortgaged property as collateral than would be the case under many first lien lending programs.
   Future changes in a borrower’s economic circumstances may result from a variety of unforeseeable personal factors, including loss of employment, reduction in income, illness and divorce. Any increase in prevailing market interest rates may adversely affect a borrower by increasing debt service on the related mortgage loan or other similar debt of the borrower. In addition, changes in the payment terms of any related senior mortgage loan may adversely affect the borrower’s ability to pay principal and interest on the senior mortgage loan. For example, these changes may result if the senior mortgage loan is an adjustable rate loan and the interest rate on the loan increases, which may occur with or without an increase in prevailing market interest rates if the increase is due to the phasing out of a reduced initial rate. Specific information about these senior mortgage loans, other than the amount of these loans at origination of the corresponding mortgage loan, is not available, and we are not including it in this prospectus supplement.
   General economic conditions, both on a national and regional basis, will also have an impact on the ability of borrowers to repay their mortgage loans. Certain geographic regions of the United States from time to time will experience weaker regional economic conditions and housing markets, and, as a result, will experience higher rates of loss and delinquency than mortgage loans generally. For example, a region’s economic condition and housing market may be directly, or indirectly, adversely affected by natural disasters or civil disturbances such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, power shortages, eruptions or riots. The economic impact of any of these types of events may also be felt in areas beyond the region immediately affected by the disaster or disturbance. The mortgage loans may be concentrated in these regions, and this concentration may present risk considerations in addition to those generally present for similar mortgage-backed securities without this concentration. You should note that approximately 20.49% and 6.00% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut off date) are secured by mortgaged properties located in the states of California and Florida, respectively.
   In addition, any change in the deductibility for federal income tax purposes of interest payments on the mortgage loans may also have an adverse impact on the ability of borrowers to repay their mortgage loans.
Some of the mortgage loans provide for large payments at maturity.    Approximately 38.33% of the cut off date principal balance of the initial mortgage loans are not fully amortizing over their terms to maturity and, thus, will require substantial principal payments, sometimes called a balloon amount, at their stated maturity. Mortgage loans which require payment of a balloon amount involve a greater degree of risk because the ability of a mortgagor to pay a balloon amount typically will depend upon

 

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   the mortgagor’s ability either to timely refinance the loan or to sell the related mortgaged property. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Balloon Mortgage Loans” in this prospectus supplement.
Yield and prepayment considerations on the notes.    The yield to maturity of the notes will depend on the price you pay for your notes. In addition, the yield to maturity of the notes will depend on the rate and timing of principal payments, including payments in excess of required installments, prepayments or terminations, liquidations and repurchases on the mortgage loans. The mortgage loans may be prepaid in full or in part without penalty. The rate and timing of defaults on the mortgage loans will also affect the yield to maturity of the notes.
Mortgage loans with interest only payments may affect the yield on the related offered notes.    Approximately 4.28% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) require the related borrowers to make monthly payments of accrued interest, but not principal, for the first five years following origination. Approximately 0.04 % of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) require the related borrowers to make monthly payments of accrued interest, but not principal, for the first ten years following origination. After the interest only period for each related mortgage loan, the mortgage rate on that mortgage loan will be reset and the related borrower’s monthly payment will be recalculated to cover both interest and principal so that the mortgage loan will be paid in full by its final distribution date. As a result, if the monthly payment increases, the related borrower may not be able to pay the increased amount and may default or may refinance the loan to avoid the higher payment.
   In addition, because no scheduled principal payments are required to be made on these mortgage loans for a specified period of time, the related offered notes will receive smaller scheduled principal distributions during that period than they would have received if the related borrowers were required to make monthly payments of interest and principal from origination of these mortgage loans. Absent other considerations, this slower rate of principal distributions will result in longer weighted average lives of the related offered notes than would otherwise be the case if none of the mortgage loans had interest only periods.
The yield on the Class A-1 Notes will be sensitive to One-Month LIBOR.    The note rate on the Class A-1 Notes will vary with the one-month LIBOR index. Therefore, the yields to investors on the Class A-1 Notes will be sensitive to fluctuations in the level of the one-month LIBOR index. You should consider whether this volatility is suitable to your investment needs.
The Class A-6 Notes may not receive their pro rata portion of principal payments    It is not expected that the Class A-6 Notes will receive any distributions of principal until the payment date in July 2010. Until the payment date in July 2013, the Class A-6 Notes may receive a portion of principal payments that is smaller than its pro rata share of principal payments. After the payment date in June 2014, the Class A-6 Notes will receive an amount greater than its pro rata share of principal payments.
The note rate on each class of notes is subject to a cap.    The note rate on the Class A-1 Notes adjusts monthly based on the one-month LIBOR index, subject to important limitations. The mortgage loans have fixed interest rates and therefore will not adjust as interest rates rise.

 

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   Therefore, rising interest rates or the prepayment of mortgage loans with higher interest rates may result in the note rate on the Class A-1 Notes being capped by the net wac rate as supplemented by any payments required to be made under the yield maintenance agreement as described in this prospectus supplement. In addition, shortfalls caused by the failure of the yield maintenance agreement provider to make required payments to the holders of the Class A-1 Notes pursuant to the yield maintenance agreement will only be payable from the excess cash flow and may remain unpaid on the final payment date. The Policy will not cover amounts due under the yield maintenance agreement.
   In addition, the maximum interest rate payable on the Class A-1 Notes is 10.00% per annum, which may be lower than the one-month LIBOR index plus the related note margin.
   The note rates on the Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4, Class A-5 and Class A-6 Notes are subject to the net wac rate. The net wac rate is generally a per annum rate equal to the weighted average of the net mortgage rates on the mortgage loans, adjusted for the premium payable to the credit enhancer for the policy. Thus, the yield to investors on these classes of notes may be adversely affected by the application of the net wac rate. The prepayment of the mortgage loans with higher net mortgage rates may result in a lower note rate on these classes of notes. If on any payment date the note rate on any class of these notes is limited to the net wac rate, the value of that class of notes may be temporarily or permanently reduced.
   We cannot assure you that there will be sufficient excess interest or, with respect to the Class A-1 Notes, sufficient payments under the yield maintenance agreement to cover interest carry forward amounts. The Policy will not cover interest carry forward amounts.
Limitations on the repurchase or replacement of defective mortgage loans by the sellers.    We cannot assure you that, at any particular time, a seller will be able, financially or otherwise, to repurchase or replace defective mortgage loans as described in this prospectus supplement. Events relating to a seller and its operations could occur that would adversely affect the financial ability of the seller to repurchase defective mortgage loans from the issuing entity, including the termination of borrowing arrangements that provide the seller with funding for its operations, or the sale or other disposition of all or any significant portion of the seller’s assets. If the sellers do not repurchase or replace a defective mortgage loan, then the servicer, on behalf of the issuing entity, will try to recover the maximum amount possible with respect to that defective mortgage loan, and any resulting delay or loss will be borne by the noteholders, to the extent that the credit enhancement does not cover this delay or loss.
Legal considerations present certain risks.    The mortgage loans are secured by mortgages. With respect to mortgage loans that are secured by first mortgages, the servicer may, under certain circumstances, agree to a new mortgage lien on the related mortgaged property having priority over that mortgage. Mortgage loans secured by second mortgages are entitled to proceeds that remain from the sale of the related mortgaged property after any senior mortgage loans and prior statutory liens have been satisfied. If these proceeds are insufficient to satisfy these senior loans and prior liens in the aggregate, the issuing entity,

 

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   and accordingly, the noteholders will bear the risk of delay in distributions while the servicer obtains a deficiency judgment, to the extent available in the related state, against the related mortgagor, and also bear the risk of loss if the servicer cannot obtain or realize upon that deficiency judgment. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans” in the prospectus.
Possible variations in the subsequent mortgage loans from the initial mortgage loans.    Each subsequent mortgage loan will satisfy the eligibility criteria referred to in this prospectus supplement at the time the related seller transfers it to the issuing entity. However, the sellers may originate or acquire subsequent mortgage loans using credit criteria different from those it applied to the initial mortgage loans. As such, these subsequent mortgage loans may be of a different credit quality from the initial mortgage loans. Thus, after the transfer of subsequent mortgage loans to the issuing entity, the aggregate characteristics of the mortgage loans that are part of the trust estate may vary from those of the initial mortgage loans. See “Description of the Mortgage Loans—Conveyance of Subsequent Mortgage Loans; the Pre-Funding Account” in this prospectus supplement.
Amounts left in the pre-funding account at the end of the pre-funding period will be used to prepay the notes.    Any amounts remaining in the pre-funding account at the end of the pre-funding period will be distributed as a prepayment of principal on the notes. As a result, the yield to maturity on your investment may be adversely affected.
Bankruptcy proceedings could delay or reduce distributions on the notes.    The transfer of the mortgage loans from the sellers to the depositor is intended by the parties and has been documented as a sale. However, if a seller were to become bankrupt, a trustee in bankruptcy could attempt to recharacterize the sale of the mortgage loans as a loan secured by the mortgage loans or to consolidate the mortgage loans with the assets of the seller. Any such attempt could result in a delay in or reduction of collections on the mortgage loans available to make payments on the notes.
   If the servicer becomes bankrupt or insolvent, the related bankruptcy trustee, conservator or receiver may have the power to prevent the appointment of a successor servicer.
The bankruptcy of a borrower may increase the risk of loss on a mortgage loan.    If a borrower becomes subject to a bankruptcy proceeding, a bankruptcy court may require modifications of the terms of a mortgage loan without a permanent forgiveness of the principal amount of the mortgage loan. Modifications have included reducing the amount of each monthly payment, changing the rate of interest and altering the repayment schedule. In addition, a court having federal bankruptcy jurisdiction may permit a borrower to cure a monetary default relating to a mortgage loan on the borrower’s residence by paying arrearages within a reasonable period and reinstating the original mortgage loan payment schedule, even though the servicer accelerated the mortgage loan and final judgment of foreclosure had been entered in state court. In addition, under the federal bankruptcy law, all actions against a borrower and the borrower’s property are automatically stayed upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition.

 

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Limitations of, and the possible reduction and substitution of, credit enhancement.   

Credit enhancement will be provided for the notes in the form of:

 

•      excess interest collections from the mortgage loans, if available;

 

•      overcollateralization; and

 

•      the financial guaranty insurance policy, to the limited extent described in this prospectus supplement.

 

None of the sellers, the depositor, the servicer, the indenture trustee or any of their respective affiliates will be required to take any other action to maintain, or have any obligation to replace or supplement, this credit enhancement or any rating of the notes. To the extent that losses are incurred on the mortgage loans that are not covered by excess interest collections, overcollateralization or the financial guaranty insurance policy, securityholders, including the holders of the notes, will bear the risk of those losses.

Social, economic and other factors could affect the purchase of subsequent mortgage loans.    The ability of the issuing entity to purchase subsequent mortgage loans is largely dependent upon whether mortgagors perform their payment and other obligations required by the related mortgage loans in order that those mortgage loans meet the specified requirements for transfer on a subsequent transfer date as a subsequent mortgage loan. The performance by these mortgagors may be affected as a result of a variety of social and economic factors. Economic factors include interest rates, unemployment levels, the rate of inflation and consumer perception of economic conditions generally. However, we cannot predict whether or to what extent economic or social factors will affect the performance by the related mortgagors and the availability of subsequent mortgage loans.
Limited liquidity of the notes may limit the ability to sell the notes or realize a desired yield.    A secondary market for the notes may not develop. Even if a secondary market does develop, it might not provide you with liquidity of investment or continue for the life of the notes. Neither the underwriters nor any other person will have any obligation to make a secondary market in the notes. Illiquidity means investors may not be able to find a buyer for the notes readily or at prices that will enable them to realize a desired yield. Illiquidity can have a severe adverse effect on the market value of the notes.
The limited assets of the trust fund for making payments on the notes may not be sufficient to distribute all payments due on the notes.    The notes will be payable solely from the assets of the trust fund. There can be no assurance that the market value of the assets in the trust fund will be equal to or greater than the total principal amount of the notes outstanding, plus accrued interest. Moreover, if the assets of the trust fund are ever sold, the sale proceeds will be applied first to reimburse the indenture trustee, servicer and enhancer for their unpaid fees and expenses before any remaining amounts are distributed to noteholders. In addition, at the times specified in this prospectus supplement, mortgage loans may be released to the holders of the certificates. Once released, those assets will no longer be available to make payments to noteholders.
   You will have no recourse against the depositor, the sellers and servicer, or any of their affiliates, if any required distribution on the notes is not made

 

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   or for any other default. The only obligations of the sellers with respect to the related trust fund or the notes would result from a breach of the representations and warranties that the sellers may make concerning the trust assets.
The recording of mortgages in the name of MERS may affect the yield on the notes.    The mortgages or assignments of mortgage for some of the mortgage loans are recorded in the name of Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc, or MERS, solely as nominee for the originator and its successors and assigns. Subsequent assignments of those mortgages are registered electronically through the MERS® System. The recording of mortgages in the name of MERS is a new practice in the mortgage lending industry. Public recording officers and others may have limited, if any, experience with lenders seeking to foreclose mortgages, assignments of which are registered with MERS. Accordingly, delays and additional costs in commencing, prosecuting and completing foreclosure proceedings and conducting foreclosure sales of the mortgaged properties could result. Those delays and additional costs could in turn delay the distribution of liquidation proceeds to noteholders and increase the amount of losses on the mortgage loans. For additional information regarding MERS and the MERS® System, see “Certain Yield and Prepayment Considerations” in this prospectus supplement and “Description of the Securities—Assignment of Loans” in the prospectus.
The return on your notes could be reduced by shortfalls due to the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act    The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, or the Relief Act, provides relief to borrowers who enter active military service and to borrowers in reserve status who are called to active duty after the origination of their mortgage loan. Current military operations of the United States, including military operations in Iraq and the Middle East, have increased, and any further escalation of military operations in Iraq and the Middle East and any future military operations in other regions may increase, the number of borrowers who may be in active military service, including persons in reserve status who may be called to active duty. The Relief Act provides generally that a borrower who is covered by the Relief Act may not be charged interest on a mortgage loan in excess of 6% per annum during the period of the borrower’s active duty. Any resulting interest shortfalls are not required to be paid by the borrower at any future time. The servicer is not required to advance these shortfalls as delinquent payments and the shortfalls are not covered by the financial guaranty insurance policy.
   Interest shortfalls on the mortgage loans due to the application of the Relief Act or similar legislation or regulations will not be paid by excess interest or otherwise on any payment date.
   The Relief Act also limits the ability of the servicer to foreclose on a mortgage loan during the borrower’s period of active duty and, in some cases, during an additional three month period thereafter. As a result, there may be delays in payment and increased losses on the mortgage loans.
   We do not know how many mortgage loans have been or may be affected by the application of the Relief Act or similar legislation or regulations. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Loans—Servicemembers Civil Relief Act” in the prospectus.

 

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Recent developments in the residential mortgage market may adversely affect the return on your notes    Recently, the residential mortgage market in the United States has experienced a variety of difficulties and changed economic conditions that may adversely affect the yield on your notes. Delinquencies and losses with respect to residential mortgage loans generally have increased in recent months, and may continue to increase. In addition, in recent months housing prices in many states have declined or stopped appreciating, after extended periods of significant appreciation. A continued decline or an extended flattening of those values may result in additional increases in delinquencies and losses on residential mortgage loans generally, particularly with respect to second homes and investor properties and with respect to any residential mortgage loans whose aggregate loan amounts (including any subordinate liens) are close to or greater than the related property values.
   You should consider that the general market conditions discussed above may affect the performance of the mortgage loans and may adversely affect the return on your notes.

 

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Issuing Entity

The trust will be formed under the trust agreement, to be dated as of the closing date, between the depositor and the owner trustee. The issuing entity will issue $1,240,884,000 of GMACM Home Equity Loan-Backed Term Notes, Series 2007-HE2. These notes will be issued under the indenture, to be dated as of the closing date, between the issuing entity and the indenture trustee. Under the trust agreement, the issuing entity will issue one class of GMACM Home Equity Loan-Backed Certificates, Series 2007-HE2. The notes and the certificates are collectively referred to in this prospectus supplement as the securities. Only the notes are offered by this prospectus supplement.

We have defined certain significant terms in the section titled “Description of the Securities—Glossary of Terms” in this prospectus supplement. Capitalized terms used in this prospectus supplement but not defined in this prospectus supplement shall have the meanings assigned to them in the accompanying prospectus. The term “Payment Account” used in the prospectus corresponds to the term “Note Payment Account” as described in this prospectus supplement. The term “Funding Account” used in the prospectus corresponds to the term “Pre-Funding Account” as described in this prospectus supplement. The conveyance of the mortgage loans to the trust and the issuance of the notes described in this prospectus supplement is a “Designated Seller Transaction” as that term is used in the prospectus.

Sponsor, Servicer and Originator

General

GMAC Mortgage, LLC will be the sponsor of the notes and will service the mortgage loans. GMAC Mortgage, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of GMAC Residential Holding Company, LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Residential Capital, LLC (“ResCap”). ResCap is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GMAC Mortgage Group, LLC, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GMAC LLC (“GMAC”).

GMAC Mortgage, LLC began acquiring, originating and servicing residential mortgage loans in 1985 through its acquisition of Colonial Mortgage Service Company, which was formed in 1926, and the loan administration, servicing operations and portfolio of Norwest Mortgage, which entered the residential mortgage loan business in 1906. These businesses formed the original basis of what is now GMAC Mortgage, LLC. GMAC Mortgage, LLC has originated closed-end, fixed rate home equity loans since the early 1990’s.

GMAC Mortgage, LLC maintains its executive and principal offices at 100 Witmer Road, Horsham, Pennsylvania 19044. Its telephone number is (215) 682-1000.

In addition, GMAC Mortgage, LLC purchases mortgage loans originated by GMAC Bank, which is wholly-owned by IB Finance Holding Company, LLC, a subsidiary of ResCap and GMAC LLC, and which is an affiliate of GMAC Mortgage, LLC. Formerly known as GMAC Automotive Bank, GMAC Bank, a Utah industrial bank was organized in 2001. As of November 22, 2006, GMAC Bank became the successor to substantially all of the assets and liabilities of GMAC Bank, a federal savings bank. All of the mortgage loans that GMAC Bank originates are originated in accordance with GMAC Mortgage, LLC’s underwriting standards described below.

Approximately 71.44% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) were originated or acquired by GMAC Bank. Any loans originated by GMAC Bank will be sold to GMAC Mortgage, LLC and will be transferred to the trust by Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc., as depositor.

 

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Approximately 44.02% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) were sold by GMAC Mortgage, LLC to Walnut Grove Mortgage Loan Trust 2003-A, which is an affiliate of GMAC Mortgage, LLC. Walnut Grove will sell such mortgage loans and subsequent mortgage loans to the depositor under the terms of the mortgage loan purchase agreement. Walnut Grove is a Delaware statutory trust and was formed in 2003.

GMAC Mortgage, LLC’s overall procedures for originating and acquiring mortgage loans are described under “Description of the Mortgage Loans — Underwriting Standards” in this prospectus supplement. GMAC Mortgage, LLC’s material role and responsibilities in this transaction as servicer are described in this prospectus supplement under “The Sellers and Servicer.”

Loan Origination and Types of Mortgage Loans

GMAC Mortgage, LLC has three primary sources for residential mortgage loan production: the origination of loans through its retail branches and direct lending network, the origination of loans through its mortgage brokerage network and the purchase of loans in the secondary market (primarily from correspondent lenders).

GMAC Mortgage, LLC originates and acquires mortgage loans that generally fall into one of the following four categories:

 

   

Prime Conforming Mortgage Loans — These are prime credit quality first-lien mortgage loans secured by single-family residences that meet or “conform” to the underwriting standards established by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac for inclusion in their guaranteed mortgage securities programs.

 

   

Prime Non-Conforming Mortgage Loans — These are prime credit quality first-lien mortgage loans secured by single-family residences that either (1) do not conform to the underwriting standards established by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, because they have original principal amounts exceeding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac limits, which are commonly referred to as jumbo mortgage loans, or (2) have alternative documentation requirements and property or credit-related features (e.g., higher loan-to-value or debt-to-income ratios) but are otherwise considered prime credit quality due to other compensating factors.

 

   

Government Mortgage Loans — These are first-lien mortgage loans secured by single-family residences that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration.

 

   

Second-Lien Mortgage Loans — These are open- and closed-end mortgage loans generally secured by a second or more junior lien on single-family residences, which include home equity mortgage loans.

 

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GMAC Mortgage, LLC Securitization Experience

The following tables set forth the aggregate principal amount of publicly offered securitizations of mortgage loans sponsored by GMAC Mortgage, LLC for the periods indicated. GMAC Mortgage, LLC sponsored approximately $2.928 billion in initial aggregate principal amount of first lien mortgage loans and approximately $2.431 billion in initial aggregate principal amount of second lien mortgage loans in the 2002 calendar year. GMAC Mortgage, LLC sponsored approximately $1.416 billion in initial aggregate principal amount of first lien mortgage loans and approximately $5.653 billion in initial aggregate principal amount of second lien mortgage loans in the 2006 calendar year. The percentages shown under “Percentage Change from Prior Year” represent the ratio of (a) the difference between the current and prior year volume over (b) the prior year volume.

First Lien Mortgage Loans

 

Volume by Principal Balance

   2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  

Jumbo Fixed Rate

   $ 546,153,384     $ 522,873,155     $ 2,698,493,216     $ 3,907,776,870     $ 2,461,563,141  

Jumbo ARM

   $ 870,196,300     $ 2,927,331,600     $ 1,136,171,300     $ 1,128,998,200     $ 0  

Alt-A Fixed Rate

   $ 0     $ 523,588,022     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  

Alt-A ARM

   $ 0     $ 260,774,100     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  

General Holdings

   $ 0     $ 0     $ 224,099,000     $ 654,317,000     $ 466,352,000  
                                        

Total

   $ 1,416,349,684     $ 4,234,566,877     $ 4,058,763,516     $ 5,691,092,070     $ 2,927,915,141  
                                        

Percentage Change from Prior Year(1)

                              

Jumbo Fixed Rate

     4.45 %     (80.62 )%     (30.95 )%     58.75 %     43.44 %

Jumbo ARM

     (70.27 )%     157.65 %     0.64 %     100.00 %     N/A  

Alt-A Fixed Rate

     (100.00 )%     100.00 %     N/A       N/A       N/A  

Alt-A ARM

     (100.00 )%     100.00 %     N/A       N/A       N/A  

General Holdings

     N/A       (100.00 )%     (65.75 )%     40.31 %     95.05 %
                                        

Total

     (66.55 )%     4.33 %     (28.68 )%     94.37 %     49.76 %
                                        

Second Lien Mortgage Loans

 

Volume by Principal Balance

   2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  

Home Equity

   $ 5,423,411,000     $ 3,039,527,000     $ 4,615,179,000     $ 1,144,882,000     $ 2,219,938,000  

High LTV

   $ 229,865,170     $ 0     $ 175,000,000     $ 0     $ 211,000,000  
                                        

Total

   $ 5,653,276,170     $ 3,039,527,000     $ 4,790,179,000     $ 1,144,882,000     $ 2,430,938,000  

Percentage Change from Prior Year(1)

                              

Home Equity

     78.43 %     (34.14 )%     303.11 %     (48.43 )%     (14.10 )%

High LTV

     100.00 %     (100.00 )%     100.00 %     (100.00 )%     (56.87 )%
                                        

Total

     85.99 %     (36.55 )%     318.40 %     (52.90 )%     (20.91 )%
                                        

(1) Represents year to year growth or decline as a percentage of the prior year’s securitization volume.

 

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GMAC Mortgage, LLC Origination Experience

The following tables set forth the dollar amount of mortgage loans originated by GMAC Mortgage, LLC for the periods indicated, and the number of such loans for the same period. GMAC Mortgage, LLC originated a residential mortgage loan portfolio of approximately $89.3 billion, $13.5 billion, $4.9 billion and $6.8 billion during the year ended December 31, 2003 backed by prime conforming mortgage loans, prime non-conforming mortgage loans, government mortgage loans and second-lien mortgage loans, respectively. GMAC Mortgage, LLC originated a residential mortgage loan portfolio of approximately $6.8 billion, $1.6 billion, $0.3 billion and $3.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2007 backed by prime conforming mortgage loans, prime non-conforming mortgage loans, government mortgage loans and second-lien mortgage loans, respectively. The percentages shown under “Percentage Change from Prior Year” represent the ratio of (a) the difference between the current and prior year volume over (b) the prior year volume.

GMAC MORTGAGE, LLC ORIGINATION EXPERIENCE

($ IN MILLIONS)

 

    

For the
Three
Months
Ended

March 31,

    For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  

Prime conforming mortgage loans

          

No. of Loans

     36,583       227,094       275,148       276,444       558,204  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 6,801     $ 42,186     $ 50,003     $ 45,635     $ 89,271  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     (83.88 )%     (15.63 )%     9.57 %     (48.88 )%     61.12 %

Prime non-conforming mortgage loans

          

No. of Loans

     5,238       39,096       96,291       101,883       41,202  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 1,564     $ 13,340     $ 27,903     $ 28,522     $ 13,451  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     (88.28 )%     (52.19 )%     (2.17 )%     112.04 %     91.88 %

Government mortgage loans

          

No. of Loans

     2,230       24,335       31,164       40,062       49,988  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 327     $ 3,510     $ 4,251     $ 4,834     $ 4,929  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     (90.68 )%     (17.43 )%     (12.06 )%     (1.93 )%     45.01 %

Second-lien mortgage loans

          

No. of Loans

     59,164       248,460       167,949       163,233       161,036  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 3,072     $ 15,658     $ 9,389     $ 8,457     $ 6,803  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     (80.38 )%     66.77 %     11.02 %     24.31 %     17.25 %

Total mortgage loans originated

          

No. of Loans

     103,215       538,985       570,552       581,622       810,430  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 11,764     $ 74,694     $ 91,546     $ 87,448     $ 114,454  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     (84.25 )%     (18.41 )%     4.69 %     (23.60 )%     59.81 %

 

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GMAC Mortgage, LLC Servicing Experience

GMAC Mortgage, LLC generally retains the servicing rights with respect to loans it sells or securitizes, and also occasionally purchases mortgage servicing rights from other servicers or acts as a subservicer of mortgage loans (and does not hold the corresponding mortgage servicing right asset).

As of the three months ended March 31, 2007, GMAC Mortgage, LLC acted as primary servicer and owned the corresponding servicing rights on approximately 2,260,870 of residential mortgage loans having an aggregate unpaid principal balance of approximately $280 billion, and GMAC Mortgage, LLC acted as subservicer (and did not own the corresponding servicing rights) on approximately 368,604 loans having an aggregate unpaid principal balance of over $73.5 billion.

The following tables set forth the dollar amount of mortgage loans serviced by GMAC Mortgage, LLC for the periods indicated, and the number of such loans for the same period. GMAC Mortgage, LLC was the servicer of a residential mortgage loan portfolio of approximately $153.6 billion, $13.9 billion, $17.6 billion and $7.0 billion during the year ended December 31, 2003 backed by prime conforming mortgage loans, prime non-conforming mortgage loans, government mortgage loans and second-lien mortgage loans, respectively. GMAC Mortgage, LLC was the servicer of a residential mortgage loan portfolio of approximately $207.0 billion, $31.8 billion, $18.7 billion and $22.4 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2007 backed by prime conforming mortgage loans, prime non-conforming mortgage loans, government mortgage loans and second-lien mortgage loans, respectively. The percentages shown under “Percentage Change from Prior Year” represent the ratio of (a) the difference between the current and prior year volume over (b) the prior year volume.

 

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GMAC MORTGAGE, LLC PRIMARY SERVICING PORTFOLIO

($ IN MILLIONS)

 

    

For the Three
Months
Ended

March 31,

    For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  

Prime conforming mortgage loans

          

No. of Loans

     1,469,628       1,455,919       1,392,870       1,323,249       1,308,284  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 207,037     $ 203,894     $ 186,364     $ 165,521     $ 153,601  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     1.54 %     9.41 %     12.59 %     7.76 %     2.11 %

Prime non-conforming mortgage loans

          

No. of Loans

     66,981       67,462       69,488       53,119       34,041  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 31,797     $ 32,220     $ 32,385     $ 23,604     $ 13,937  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     (1.31 )%     (0.51 )%     37.20 %     69.36 %     11.12 %

Government mortgage loans

          

No. of Loans

     179,431       181,563       181,679       191,844       191,023  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 18,692     $ 18,843     $ 18,098     $ 18,328     $ 17,594  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     (0.80 )%     4.12 %     (1.25 )%     4.17 %     (16.91 )%

Second-lien mortgage loans

          

No. of Loans

     544,830       514,085       392,261       350,334       282,128  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 22,446     $ 20,998     $ 13,034     $ 10,374     $ 7,023  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     6.90 %     61.10 %     25.64 %     47.71 %     5.36 %

Total mortgage loans serviced

          

No. of Loans

     2,260,870       2,219,029       2,036,298       1,918,546       1,815,476  

Dollar Amount of Loans

   $ 279,972     $ 275,955     $ 249,881     $ 217,827     $ 192,155  

Percentage Change from Prior Year

     1.46 %     10.43 %     14.72 %     13.36 %     0.71 %

 

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Affiliations Among Transaction Parties

The diagram below illustrates the ownership structure among the affiliated transaction parties.

LOGO

 

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Description of the Mortgage Loans

General

The statistical information presented in this prospectus supplement relates to the mortgage loans conveyed to the trust on the closing date, or initial mortgage loans. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages set forth in this prospectus supplement are approximate and are based upon the outstanding principal balances of the initial mortgage loans as of the cut-off date. The “principal balance” of a mortgage loan, other than a liquidated mortgage loan, on any day is equal to the principal balance of that mortgage loan as of the cut-off date or subsequent cut-off date, in the case of a subsequent mortgage loan, minus all collections credited against the principal balance of that mortgage loan in accordance with the related mortgage note prior to that day.

Information with respect to initial mortgage loans consisted of 17,852 mortgage loans with an aggregate principal balance totaling $960,436,654.21 is presented in this prospectus supplement.

Mortgage loans conveyed to the trust fund after the closing date, or subsequent mortgage loans, will be selected using generally the same criteria as that used to select the initial mortgage loans, and generally the same representations and warranties will be made with respect thereto. See “Description of the Mortgage Loans—Conveyance of Subsequent Mortgage Loans; the Pre-Funding Account” in this prospectus supplement.

The mortgage loans were selected for inclusion in the mortgage pool from among mortgage loans originated or purchased in connection with the Sponsor’s Underwriting Standards described below based on the Sponsor’s assessment of investor preferences and rating agency criteria.

The original mortgages or assignments of mortgage for substantially all of the mortgage loans are recorded in the name of Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc, or MERS, solely as nominee for the originator and its successors and assigns, and subsequent assignments of those mortgages are or will be registered electronically through the MERS® System. For each of these mortgage loans, MERS will serve as mortgagee of record on the mortgage solely as a nominee in an administrative capacity on behalf of the indenture trustee, and does not have any interest in the mortgage loan.

As of origination, approximately 2.81% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) provide for payment of a prepayment charge. With respect to some of these mortgage loans, the prepayment charge provisions provide for payment of a prepayment charge for partial prepayments and full prepayments made within up to six months, one year, two years, three years or five years following the origination of that mortgage loan, in an amount not to exceed the maximum amount permitted by state law. Prepayment charges received on the mortgage loans may be waived and in any case will not be available for distribution on the offered notes. The depositor makes no representation as to the effect that the prepayment charges, decisions by the master servicer or subservicer with respect to the waiver of prepayment charges and the recent changes to the rules and regulations under the Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act of 1982, as amended, may have on the prepayment performance of the mortgage loans. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans—Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments” in the prospectus.

Initial Mortgage Loans

Some of the initial mortgage loans were originated or acquired by GMAC Mortgage, LLC. Many of those mortgage loans were originated or acquired by GMAC Bank, a federal savings bank and an affiliate of GMAC Mortgage, LLC and subsequently sold to GMAC Mortgage, LLC. All of the initial mortgage loans were originated generally in accordance with the underwriting standards of GMAC

 

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Mortgage, LLC. The initial mortgage loans are fixed rate, closed-end, primarily second-lien home equity loans evidenced by the related mortgage notes and secured by the related mortgages on the related mortgaged properties. The principal balance as of the cut-off date of the initial mortgage loans is $960,436,654.21. Approximately 94.63% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) are secured by second mortgages or deeds of trust and the remainder are secured by first mortgages or deeds of trust. The mortgage loans generally have a combined loan-to-value ratio of up to 100.00%. The mortgaged properties securing the initial mortgage loans consist primarily of residential properties. With respect to substantially all of the initial mortgage loans, the borrower represented at the time of origination that the related mortgaged property would be owner occupied as a primary or second home.

The initial mortgage loans are not insured or guaranteed by any governmental agency. The proceeds of the mortgage loans were used to:

 

   

finance property improvements,

 

   

finance the acquisition of personal property such as home appliances or furnishings,

 

   

finance debt consolidation,

 

   

finance the partial refinancing of residential properties,

 

   

finance the down payment of a lien senior to the mortgage loans;

 

   

provide cash to the borrower for unspecified purposes, or

 

   

a combination of the foregoing.

With respect to the initial mortgage loans:

 

   

as of the cut-off date, no initial mortgage loan is 30 days or more delinquent;

 

   

the average principal balance as of the cut-off date is $53,799.95;

 

   

the minimum principal balance as of the cut-off date is $1,579.38;

 

   

the maximum principal balance as of the cut-off date is $594,073.26;

 

   

the minimum loan rate and the maximum loan rate as of the cut-off date are 5.200% and 15.825% per annum, respectively;

 

   

the weighted average loan rate on the cut-off date is approximately 8.825% per annum;

 

   

approximately 38.33% of the initial mortgage loans are balloon mortgage loans;

 

   

the minimum and maximum CLTV Ratios as of the cut-off date are 1.82% and 100.00% respectively;

 

   

the weighted average CLTV Ratio based on the cut-off date principal balance is approximately 80.52%;

 

   

the latest scheduled maturity of any initial mortgage loan is May 28, 2037;

 

   

with respect to approximately 20.49% and 6.00% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date), the related mortgaged properties are located in the states of California and Florida, respectively; and

 

   

as of the cut-off date, approximately 0.09% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) have been 30 days delinquent in the payment of

 

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principal and interest during the twelve months preceding the cut-off date. As of the cut-off date, approximately 0.06% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) have been 60 days delinquent in the payment of principal and interest during the twelve months preceding the cut-off date. As of the cut-off date, 0.03% of the initial mortgage loans have been 90 or more days delinquent in the payment of principal and interest during the twelve months preceding the cut-off date.

Loan Terms of the Mortgage Loans

The loan rate of each initial mortgage loan is the per annum interest rate required to be paid by the mortgagor under the terms of the related mortgage note. The loan rate borne by each initial mortgage loan is fixed as of the date of origination of that initial mortgage loan.

Interest on each initial mortgage loan is charged on that part of the principal which has not been paid. Interest is charged from the date the loan is advanced until the full amount of the principal has been paid. Interest on each initial mortgage loan is calculated on a daily basis. The amount of the daily interest is equal to the annual interest rate divided by the number of days in the year times the outstanding principal balance.

Interest on substantially all of the initial mortgage loans is computed on an actuarial basis, and the remainder are computed on a simple interest basis. For a description of simple interest loans, see “The Trusts—Characteristics of Loans—Simple Interest Loans” in the prospectus.

Each initial mortgage loan had a term to maturity from the date of origination of generally not more than 360 months. The initial mortgage loan provide for substantially equal payments in an amount sufficient to amortize the initial mortgage loans over their terms, except for some of the initial mortgage loans which have balloon amounts due at maturity and certain mortgage loans which require the related borrower to make monthly payments of accrued interest but not principal.

Balloon Mortgage Loans

Approximately 38.33% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) require monthly payments of principal generally based on 30 year amortization schedules and have scheduled maturity dates of generally 15 years from the due date of the first monthly payment, leaving a substantial portion of the original principal amount due and payable on the respective scheduled maturity date. These mortgage loans are called balloon mortgage loan and the payments due at maturity are called balloon amounts. The existence of a balloon amount generally will require the related mortgagor to refinance the balloon mortgage loan or to sell the mortgaged property on or prior to the scheduled maturity date. The ability of a mortgagor to accomplish either of these goals will be affected by a number of factors, including the level of available mortgage rates at the time of sale or refinancing, the mortgagor’s equity in the related mortgaged property, the financial condition of the mortgagor, tax laws and prevailing general economic conditions. None of the depositor, the servicer or the indenture trustee is obligated to refinance any balloon mortgage loan.

Mortgage Loan Statistical Information

Certain statistical characteristics of the initial mortgage loans are set forth in Annex I to this prospectus supplement, in each case as of the cut-off date unless otherwise indicated.

 

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Underwriting Standards

All of the mortgage loans were underwritten generally in accordance with GMAC Mortgage, LLC’s underwriting standards. The following is a description of the underwriting standards and procedures applicable to the mortgage loans.

GMAC Mortgage, LLC’s underwriting standards with respect to the mortgage loans generally will conform to those published in the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines, including the provisions of the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines applicable to the GMAC Mortgage Home Equity Program. The underwriting standards as set forth in the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines are continually revised based on prevailing conditions in the residential mortgage market and the market for mortgage securities.

The underwriting standards set forth in the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines with respect to mortgage loans originated or acquired under the GMAC Mortgage Home Equity Program provide for varying levels of documentation. For fully documented loans, such as the “Standard” program, a prospective borrower is required to fill out a detailed application providing pertinent credit information, including tax returns if they are self employed or received income from dividends and interest, rental properties or other income which can be verified via tax returns. In addition, a borrower may demonstrate income and employment directly by providing alternative documentation in the form of a pay stub and a W-2. For the “Standard” program, the borrower is required to provide an authorization to apply for a credit report which summarizes the borrower’s credit history with merchants and lenders and any record of bankruptcy. The borrower generally must show, among other things, a minimum of two year credit history reported on the credit report and that the mortgage loan is current at the time of application. Borrowers who have less than a 12 month first mortgage payment history may be subject to certain additional lending restrictions. In addition, under the GMAC Mortgage, LLC Home Equity Program, generally borrowers with a previous foreclosure or bankruptcy within the past three years may not be allowed and a borrower generally must satisfy all judgments, liens and other legal actions with an original amount of $500 or greater prior to closing. Borrowers with a previous foreclosure or bankruptcy generally do not qualify for a loan unless extenuating credit circumstances beyond their control are documented. These loans require a drive-by appraisal or statistical property evaluation for property values of $500,000 or less or when the loan amount is less than or equal to $200,000, a 2055 appraisal report is required for all loan amounts greater than $200,000 and for all manufacture, investment and three and four unit properties.

Under the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines, loans may also be originated under the “Stated Income Program,” a no income verification program for self employed borrowers and salaried borrowers. For those loans, only a credit check and an appraisal are required. Those loans are generally limited to primary residences and second homes. In addition, the borrower may be qualified under either the “No Income/No Appraisal” or “Stated Value” programs. Under such programs, a credit check is required, and the CLTV Ratio is limited to 100% for both the No Income / No Appraisal and Stated Income style. Additionally, GMAC Mortgage, LLC offers the “Stated Income Verified Asset Program” and the “No Ratio Program”. Both programs allow self employed borrowers and salaried borrowers. A credit check and an appraisal is required. Occupancy is open to primary residence, second homes and investment properties. Generally assets of two to six months reserves are required. Under these programs, the CLTV ratio is limited to 100% with exposure to that limit determined by credit score and occupancy. In the case of the “No Doc Program” and the “Fast Doc Program”, the CLTV Ratio is limited to 95% and 100% respectively. A credit check and an appraisal are required. The No Doc loans are generally limited to an amount of $100,000 or less, with no asset verification required. These loans are permitted on primary residences, second home and investment properties. The Fast Doc program requires a borrower to demonstrate income and employment directly by providing alternative documentation in the form of a pay stub and a W-2, or tax returns for a self employed borrower. Generally asset verification is provided under this program, as well.

 

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Certain of the mortgage loans have been originated or purchased under “full documentation” programs, which include “fast doc/reduced,” “lite doc” and “paystub.” Under a “fast doc/reduced” program, the borrower is required to provide information regarding income for a 12-month period. Under a “lite doc” program, the originator only considers the borrower’s base salary. Under a “paystub” program, a borrower is required to provide information regarding employment for a 2-year period and paystubs covering a one-month period and the originator undertakes a verification of the borrower’s employment. Certain of the mortgage loans have been originated or purchased under “reduced documentation,” “no stated income,” “no income/no asset” or “no document/no income” programs, which require less documentation and verification than do traditional “full documentation” programs. Generally, under a “reduced documentation” program, no verification of a borrower’s stated income is undertaken by the originator. Under a “no stated income” or a “no ratio” program, certain borrowers with acceptable payment histories will not be required to provide any information regarding income and no other investigation regarding the borrower’s income will be undertaken. Under a “no income/no asset” program, no verification of a borrower’s income or assets is undertaken by the originator. Employment stability is a critical component in evaluation of the borrower’s continuing ability to meet obligations under these programs. Under a “no documentation/no income” program, the borrower is not required to disclose or verify income, income source or assets. If assets are stated, they must be sufficient to cover the down payment.

In the case of GM and GM subsidiary employees under the “Family First Direct” program, the CLTV Ratio is also limited to 95%. In addition, under the “Family First Direct” program, the borrower is qualified on his or her stated income in the application and the CLTV Ratio is based on the stated value of the property as disclosed by the borrower, except that with respect to CLTV Ratios over 80%, the borrower must supply evidence of value and over 90% a 2055 appraisal report is required The maximum loan amount under the “Family First Direct” program is generally limited to $417,500. In addition, under the “GM Expanded Family” program, certain extended family members of GM and GM subsidiary employees are eligible for streamlined processing. The maximum CLTV under this program is limited to 90%. Under the “GM Expanded Family” program, salaried borrowers are required to submit a current paystub reflecting at least 30 days of year-to-date earnings. For self-employed borrowers under the “GM Expanded Family” program, a minimum of one years self employment and a copy of the prior year’s tax returns are required. In addition, the borrower may be qualified under a “No Income Verification” or “Stated Income” program. Under that program, a credit check is required, and the CLTV Ratio is limited to 100%. The borrower is qualified based on the income stated on the application. Those loans are generally limited to an amount of $130,000 or less, and are limited to primary residences. These loans require a drive-by appraisal or statistical property evaluation for property values of $500,000 or less or when the loan amount is less than or equal to $200,000, a 2055 appraisal report is required for all loan amounts greater than $200,000 and for all manufacture, investment and three and four unit properties.

“GoFast” is a no income/no asset verification program that generally requires a minimum FICO score of 680 for up to a maximum 95% CLTV and limits the loan amount to $130,000. A property valuation is required under the GoFast program.

In addition, the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines provide for loans under its “Select” and “Super Select” program to employees and retirees of GM. These loans are made to executives of GM or affiliates of GM, dealer principals and general managers with a minimum annual base salary of $75,000 for Select and $200,000 for Super Select or to GM or GM affiliate retirees using Select with a minimum base retirement annual income of $60,000. Underwriting is subject to a maximum CLTV Ratio of 100% for primary residences and a maximum CLTV Ratio of 90% for second

 

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homes, and a maximum loan amount of $417,500. Super Select CLTV Ratio is generally limited to 80%. The CLTV Ratio is based on the borrower’s Stated Value and no appraisal is made for CLTV Ratios of 80% or less. The borrower must supply evidence of value when the property value is under $500,000 and the CLTV Ratio is between 80% and 90%. When the CLTV Ratio on a loan is greater than 90% and the value of the related mortgaged property is less than $500,000, or if the value is greater than $500,000 and the loan amount is less than or equal to $200,000 a drive by 2055 appraisal report or statistical property evaluation is required. If the value is greater than $500,000 and the loan amount is greater than $200,000, a full appraisal is required. A full appraisal is required for a CLTV Ratio greater than 90% with property values of $500,000 and above.

Under GMAC Mortgage, LLC’s underwriting guidelines, loans may be originated under the “Relocation”, “Relocation-VIP”, “National Relocation” or “International Relocation” documentation process. Under these programs, certain items described above are verified using an alternative process. In the case of “Relocation” documentation, a signed employer relocation verification form is acceptable in lieu of a paystub. The “Relocation-VIP” program does not require income verification; however, eligible borrowers must have a minimum annual base salary of $75,000. “National Relocation” and “International Relocation” are primarily used in association with Fortune 500 companies. Under the “National Relocation” process, no income verification is provided; however, the “International Relocation” requires employment and income verification. The CLTV Ratio is generally limited to 95%.

In addition, the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines now provide for loans underwritten under Accelerated Automated Approval (AAA). Based on the borrower’s information as well as loan product details, the underwriting engines perform analysis of the risk involved in making the loan, and determines if the risk is acceptable. A findings report is generated identifying the characteristics of the loan along with the decision and any associated conditions/stipulations required for processing the loan. Loans determined as eligible for Accelerated Automated Approval will receive minimal conditioning as statistical modeling determined the loan’s characteristics have a low propensity to default and have a low risk rating.

The mortgage loans included in the mortgage pool generally were originated subject to a maximum CLTV Ratio of 100.00%. Additionally, loans were generally originated with a maximum total monthly debt to income ratio of 45%, although variances are permitted based on compensating factors. There can be no assurance that the CLTV Ratio or the debt to income ratio for any mortgage loans will not increase from the levels established at origination.

The underwriting standards set forth in the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines with respect to mortgage loans originated under the GMAC Mortgage, LLC Home Equity Program may be varied in appropriate cases. There can be no assurance that every mortgage loan was originated in conformity with the applicable underwriting standards in all material respects, or that the quality or performance of the mortgage loans will be equivalent under all circumstances.

GMAC Mortgage, LLC’s underwriting standards include a set of specific criteria pursuant to which the underwriting evaluation is made. However, the application of those underwriting standards does not imply that each specific criterion was satisfied individually. Rather, a mortgage loan will be considered to be originated in accordance with a given set of underwriting standards if, based on an overall qualitative evaluation, the loan is in substantial compliance with those underwriting standards. For example, a mortgage loan may be considered to comply with a set of underwriting standards, even if one or more specific criteria included in the underwriting standards were not satisfied, if other factors compensated for the criteria that were not satisfied or if the mortgage loan is considered to be in substantial compliance with the underwriting standards.

 

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Conformity with the applicable underwriting standards will vary depending on a number of factors relating to the specific mortgage loan, including the principal amount or credit limit, the CLTV Ratio, the loan type or loan program, and the applicable credit score of the related borrower used in connection with the origination of the mortgage loan, as determined based on a credit scoring model acceptable to GMAC Mortgage, LLC. Credit scores are not used to deny loans. However, credit scores are used as a “tool” to analyze a borrower’s credit. Generally, credit scoring models provide a means for evaluating the information about a prospective borrower that is available from a credit reporting agency. The underwriting criteria applicable to any program under which the mortgage loans may be originated may provide that qualification for the loan, the level of review of the loan’s documentation, or the availability of certain loan features, such as maximum loan amount, maximum CLTV Ratio, property type and use, and documentation level, may depend on the borrower’s credit score.

An appraisal may be made of the mortgaged property securing each mortgage loan. The appraisal may be either a full appraisal, a drive-by appraisal or a statistical property evaluation. Any appraisals may be performed by appraisers independent from or affiliated with the GMAC Mortgage, LLC or their affiliates. Appraisals, however, will not establish that the mortgaged properties provide assurance of repayment of the mortgage loans. See “Risk Factors The Mortgaged Properties Might Not be Adequate Security for the Mortgage Loans” in this prospectus supplement. If a full appraisal is required, the appraiser may be required to inspect the property and verify that it is in good condition and that construction, if new, has been completed. If a drive-by appraisal is required, the appraiser is only required to perform an exterior inspection of the property. The appraisal is based on various factors, including the market value of comparable homes and the cost of replacing the improvements. The GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting standards provide that a statistical property evaluation may be completed in lieu of a drive-by appraisal by a third-party who performs an electronic comparison of the stated value of the mortgaged properties with comparable properties in the area. GMAC Mortgage, LLC believes that no more than 70% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) are secured by mortgaged properties which may have been appraised using the statistical property evaluation method. Each appraisal is required to be dated no more than 180 days (for new construction) or 120 days (for existing construction) prior to the date of approval of the mortgage loan; provided, that depending on the credit limit for that mortgage loan, an earlier appraisal may be utilized if that appraisal was made not earlier than one year prior to the date of origination of the mortgage loan and the related appraiser certifies that the value of the related mortgaged property has not declined since the date of the original appraisal or if a field review or statistical property evaluation is obtained. Title searches are undertaken in most cases, and title insurance may be required on all mortgage loans with credit limits in excess of $500,000.

Under the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting standards, the CLTV Ratio is generally calculated by reference to the lower of the appraised value as so determined or the sales price, if the mortgage loan is originated concurrently with the origination of a first mortgage loan. In all other cases, the value used is generally the appraised value as so determined.

Once all applicable employment, credit and property information is received, a determination is made as to whether the prospective borrower has sufficient monthly income available to meet the borrower’s monthly obligations on the proposed mortgage loan and other expenses related to the home, such as property taxes and hazard insurance, and other financial obligations, including debt service on any related mortgage loan secured by a senior lien on the related mortgaged property. For qualification purposes the monthly payment is based solely on the payment of interest only on the loan.

The underwriting standards set forth in the GMAC Mortgage, LLC underwriting guidelines may be varied for certain refinance transactions, including “limited documentation” or “reduced documentation” mortgage loan refinances. Limited or reduced documentation refinances, including the

 

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programs “Streamline,” “Super Express,” and “Express,” generally permit fewer supporting documents to be obtained or waive income, appraisal, asset, credit score and employment documentation requirements. Limited or reduced documentation refinances generally compensate for increased credit risk by placing greater emphasis on the borrower’s payment history. Generally, in order to be eligible for a limited or reduced documentation refinance, a borrower must be an existing customer of GMAC Mortgage, LLC, have a good credit history and stable employment and the mortgage loan must demonstrate other compensating factors, such as a relatively low CLTV Ratio or other favorable underwriting factors.

Static Pool Information

Current static pool data with respect to mortgage loans serviced by GMAC Mortgage, LLC is available on the internet at http://staticpool.gmacm.com (the “Static Pool Data”). Information with respect to prior securitizations of the “HE” series and/or related vintage originations of mortgage loans that are similar to the mortgage loans included in this mortgage pool, based on underwriting criteria and credit quality, will be set forth therein. The Static Pool Data is not deemed a part of this prospectus to the extent that such Static Pool Data relates to (a) any issuing entity that was established before January 1, 2006 and (b) information relating to assets of GMACM Home Equity Loan Trust 2007-HE2 for periods prior to January 1, 2006.

As used in the Static Pool Data, a loan is considered to be “30 to 59 days” or “30 or more days” delinquent when a payment due on any due date remains unpaid as of the close of business on the last business day immediately prior to the next following monthly due date. The determination as to whether a loan falls into this category is made as of the close of business on the last business day of each month. Grace periods and partial payments do not affect these determinations.

From time to time, the servicer will modify a mortgage loan, recasting monthly payments for delinquent borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. Generally such borrowers make payments under the modified terms for a trial period, before the modifications become final. During any such trial period, delinquencies are reported based on the mortgage loan’s original payment terms. The trial period is designed to evaluate both a borrower’s desire to remain in the mortgaged property and, in some cases, a borrower’s capacity to pay a higher monthly payment obligation. The trial period generally may extend to up to six months before a modification is finalized. Once the modifications become final delinquencies are reported based on the modified terms. Generally if a borrower fails to make payments during a trial period, the mortgage loan goes into foreclosure. Historically, the servicer has not modified a material number of mortgage loans in any pool. Furthermore, the rating agencies rating the certificates impose certain limitations on the ability of the servicer to modify loans.

Charge offs are taken only when the servicer has determined that it has received all payments or cash recoveries which the servicer reasonably and in good faith expects to be finally recoverable with respect to any mortgage loan.

There can be no assurance that the delinquency and foreclosure experience set forth in the Static Pool Data will be representative of the results that may be experienced with respect to the mortgage loans included in the trust.

Conveyance of Subsequent Mortgage Loans; the Pre-Funding Account

The purchase agreement permits the issuing entity to acquire subsequent mortgage loans. Accordingly, the statistical characteristics of the entire pool of mortgage loans upon the acquisition of the subsequent mortgage loans may vary somewhat from the statistical characteristics of the initial mortgage loans as of the cut-off date as presented in this prospectus supplement.

 

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Each subsequent mortgage loan will have been underwritten substantially in accordance with the criteria set forth in this prospectus supplement under “Description of the Mortgage Loans—Underwriting Standards.” Subsequent mortgage loans may be purchased by GMAC Mortgage, LLC from GMAC Bank, a federal savings bank and an affiliate of GMAC Mortgage, LLC. Subsequent mortgage loans will be transferred to the issuing entity pursuant to subsequent transfer agreements. In connection with the purchase of subsequent mortgage loans, on each date subsequent mortgage loans are conveyed to the trust fund, or subsequent transfer dates, the issuing entity will be required to pay to the seller from amounts on deposit in the Custodial Account or the Pre-Funding Account a cash purchase price of 100% of the principal balance thereof. In each instance in which subsequent mortgage loans are transferred to the trust fund pursuant to a subsequent transfer agreement, the issuing entity will designate a cut-off date with respect to the subsequent mortgage loans acquired on that date. The amount paid from the Custodial Account or the Pre-Funding Account on each subsequent transfer date will not include accrued interest on the subsequent mortgage loans. Following each subsequent transfer date, the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans will increase by an amount equal to the aggregate principal balance of the subsequent mortgage loans so acquired and the amount in the Custodial Account or the Pre-Funding Account will decrease accordingly.

Subsequent Mortgage Loans

Any conveyance of subsequent mortgage loans on a subsequent transfer date is subject to certain conditions including, but not limited to:

 

  (1) each subsequent mortgage loan must satisfy the representations and warranties specified in the related subsequent transfer agreement and the purchase agreement;

 

  (2) GMAC Mortgage, LLC will select subsequent mortgage loans in a manner that it reasonably believes is not adverse to the interests of the holders of notes or the credit enhancer;

 

  (3) such mortgage loan may not be more than 30 days delinquent at the date of purchase;

 

  (4) the remaining term to stated maturity of such mortgage loan may not extend beyond November 2037;

 

  (5) such mortgage loan must be secured by a mortgage in a first or second lien position;

 

  (6) such mortgage loan must not have a mortgage interest rate less than 5.000%;

 

  (7) following the purchase of such mortgage loan by the trust, the mortgage loans:

 

   

will have an average principal balance of not more than $55,000;

 

   

will have a concentration in any one state not in excess of 25.00%;

 

   

will have a weighted average loan rate, a weighted average remaining term to maturity and a weighted average CLTV Ratio at origination, as of each respective subsequent cut-off date, which would not vary materially from the initial mortgage loans.

 

  (8) such mortgage loan shall not provide for negative amortization; and

 

  (9) such mortgage loan must have a combined loan-to-value ratio not in excess of 100.00%.

 

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In addition, the indenture trustee will not agree to any transfer of subsequent mortgage loans without the approval of the credit enhancer, which approval is not to be unreasonably withheld; provided, however that the credit enhancer will provide notice of approval or disapproval within 5 business days or the subsequent mortgage loans will be deemed approved by the credit enhancer. Subsequent mortgage loans with characteristics materially varying from those set forth above may be purchased by the issuing entity and included in the trust fund with the approval of the credit enhancer; provided, however, that the addition of the subsequent mortgage loans will not materially affect the aggregate characteristics of the entire pool of mortgage loans.

The Pre-Funding Account. The indenture trustee will establish the Pre-Funding Account and deposit approximately $320,145,551.40 therein on the closing date from the proceeds of the sale of the notes. Monies in the Pre-Funding Account will be applied during the Pre-Funding Period to purchase mortgage loans from the sellers. The Pre-Funding Account will be part of the trust fund, but monies on deposit therein will not be available to cover losses on or in respect of the mortgage loans. Any amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period will be transferred to the Note Payment Account and distributed in the priority as set forth under “Description of the Securities—Allocation of Payments on the Mortgage Loans.” Monies on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account may be invested in permitted investments as provided in the servicing agreement. Net income on investment of funds in the Pre-Funding Account will be deposited into or credited to the Note Payment Account. There can be no assurance that a sufficient number of subsequent mortgage loans will be available for application of the entire amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account.

Billing and Payment Procedures

Mortgage loans require monthly payments with the majority of the payments due on the 1st day of the month. Most mortgage loans have a 10-15 day grace period each month. The servicer sends monthly invoices or annual coupon books to borrowers to prompt the collection of the outstanding payments. Borrowers may elect for monthly payments to be deducted automatically from bank accounts on the same day every month or may take advantage of on demand ACH payments made over the internet or via phone.

Additional Information

The description in this prospectus supplement of the mortgage pool and the mortgaged properties is based upon the mortgage pool as constituted at the close of business on the cut off date, as adjusted for the scheduled principal payments due on or before the cut off date. Prior to the issuance of the notes, mortgage loans may be removed from the mortgage pool as a result of incomplete documentation or otherwise, if the depositor deems that removal is necessary or appropriate. A limited number of other mortgage loans may be added to the mortgage pool prior to the issuance of the notes. The depositor believes that the information in this prospectus supplement will be substantially representative of the characteristics of the mortgage pool as it will be constituted at the time the notes are issued, although the range of mortgage rates and maturities and some other characteristics of the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool may vary. In the event mortgage loans are removed from or added to the mortgage pool after the date hereof prior to the closing and any material pool characteristics of the actual mortgage pool differ by 5% or more from the description of the mortgage pool in this prospectus supplement, a current report on Form 8-K describing the final mortgage pool will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within four business days of closing.

A current report on Form 8-K will be available to purchasers of the notes and will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by the issuing entity, in its own name, together with the Indenture, Servicing Agreement and Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreement within fifteen days after the initial issuance of the notes.

 

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The Credit Enhancer

The credit enhancer has supplied the following information for inclusion in this prospectus supplement. No representation is made by the Issuing Entity, the Depositor or the Underwriters as to the accuracy and completeness of this information.

The credit enhancer is a New York stock insurance corporation that writes financial guaranty insurance in respect of public finance and structured finance obligations and other financial obligations, including credit default swaps. The credit enhancer is licensed to engage in the financial guaranty insurance business in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the United Kingdom.

The credit enhancer is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of FGIC Corporation, a Delaware corporation. At March 31, 2007, the principal owners of FGIC Corporation and the approximate percentage of its outstanding common stock owned by each were as follows: The PMI Group, Inc. – 42%; affiliates of the Blackstone Group L.P. – 23%; and affiliates of the Cypress Group L.L.C. – 23%. Neither FGIC Corporation nor any of its stockholders or affiliates is obligated to pay any debts of the credit enhancer or any claims under any insurance policy, including the Policy, issued by the credit enhancer.

The credit enhancer is subject to the insurance laws and regulations of the State of New York, where the credit enhancer is domiciled, including New York’s comprehensive financial guaranty insurance law. That law, among other things, limits the business of each financial guaranty insurer to financial guaranty insurance (and related lines); requires that each financial guaranty insurer maintain a minimum surplus to policyholders; establishes limits on the aggregate net amount of exposure that may be retained in respect of a particular issuer or revenue source (known as single risk limits) and on the aggregate net amount of exposure that may be retained in respect of particular types of risk as compared to the policyholders’ surplus (known as aggregate risk limits); and establishes contingency, loss and unearned premium reserve requirements. In addition, the credit enhancer is also subject to the applicable insurance laws and regulations of all other jurisdictions in which it is licensed to transact insurance business. The insurance laws and regulations, as well as the level of supervisory authority that may be exercised by the various insurance regulators, vary by jurisdiction.

 

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The following table sets forth the capitalization of the credit enhancer and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2007, December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, on the basis of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Financial Guaranty Insurance Company and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION TABLE

(Dollars in Millions)

 

    

March 31,
2007

(unaudited)

   December 31,
2006
   December 31,
2005
 

Unearned Premiums

   $ 1,367    $ 1,348    $ 1,201  

Other Liabilities

     937      960      144  
                      

Total Liabilities

     2,304      2,308      1,345  
                      

Stockholder’s Equity

        

Common Stock

     15      15      15  

Additional Paid-in Capital

     1,904      1,902      1,895  

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax

     5      6      (14 )

Retained Earnings

     785      715      471  
                      

Total Stockholder’s Equity

     2,709      2,638      2,367  
                      

Total Liabilities and Stockholder’s Equity

   $ 5,013    $ 4,946    $ 3,712  
                      

Included as Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2, respectively, to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Depositor on June 28, 2007 (SEC file number 333-140609) in connection with the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is a part, and incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, are the following financial statements:

 

   

the audited consolidated financial statements of the credit enhancer and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006; and

 

   

the unaudited consolidated financial statements of the credit enhancer and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2007 and for the three month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006.

Any statement contained herein under the heading “The Credit Enhancer” or in Exhibits 99.1 or 99.2 shall be modified or superseded to the extent required by any statement in any document subsequently incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement with the approval of the credit enhancer, and shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement.

All financial statements of the credit enhancer (if any) included in documents filed by the Depositor with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, subsequent to the date of this prospectus supplement and prior to the termination of the offering of the notes shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and to be a part hereof from the respective dates of filing of such documents.

The New York State Insurance Department recognizes only statutory accounting practices (“SAP”) for determining and reporting the financial condition and results of operations of an insurance company, for determining its solvency under the New York Insurance Law, and for determining whether its financial condition warrants the payment of a dividend to its stockholders.

 

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Although the credit enhancer prepares both GAAP and SAP financial statements, no consideration is given by the New York State Insurance Department to financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP in making such determinations. A discussion of the principal differences between SAP and GAAP is contained in the notes to the credit enhancer’s audited SAP financial statements.

Copies of the credit enhancer’s most recently published GAAP and SAP financial statements are available upon request to: Financial Guaranty Insurance Company, 125 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10017, Attention: Corporate Communications Department. The credit enhancer’s telephone number is (212) 312-3000.

Neither the credit enhancer nor any of its affiliates accepts any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of, nor have they participated in the preparation of, the prospectus, the prospectus supplement or any information or disclosure that is provided to potential purchasers of the notes, or omitted from such disclosure, other than with respect to the accuracy of information regarding the credit enhancer and the Policy set forth under the heading “The Credit Enhancer” and “Description of the Policy” herein. In addition, the credit enhancer makes no representation regarding the notes or the advisability of investing in the notes.

The Credit Enhancer’s Credit Ratings

The financial strength of the credit enhancer is rated “AAA” by Standard & Poor’s, a Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., “Aaa” by Moody’s Investors Service, and “AAA” by Fitch Ratings. Each rating of the credit enhancer should be evaluated independently. The ratings reflect the respective ratings agencies’ current assessments of the insurance financial strength of the credit enhancer. Any further explanation of any rating may be obtained only from the applicable rating agency. These ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold the notes, and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agencies. Any downward revision or withdrawal of any of the above ratings may have an adverse effect on the market price of the notes. The credit enhancer does not guarantee the market price or investment value of the notes nor does it guarantee that the ratings on the notes will not be revised or withdrawn.

 

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The Yield Maintenance Agreement Provider

The yield maintenance agreement provider has supplied the following information for inclusion in this prospectus supplement.

HSBC Bank USA, National Association (the “Bank”) is the principal subsidiary of HSBC USA Inc. (“HSBC USA”), a New York state-based bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. HSBC USA had its origin in Buffalo, New York in 1850 as The Marine Trust Company, which later became Marine Midland Banks, Inc. In 1980, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (now HSBC Holdings plc (“HSBC Holdings”)) acquired 51 percent of the common stock of Marine Midland Banks, Inc. and the remaining 49 percent in 1987. In December 1999, HSBC Holdings acquired Republic New York Corporation and merged it with HSBC USA. The address of Bank’s principal executive office is 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018 (telephone 212-525-5000).

HSBC USA and the Bank are indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of HSBC Holdings. HSBC Holdings, headquartered in London, England, is one of the largest banking and financial services organizations in the world. HSBC Holdings’ ordinary shares are listed or admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange, and are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, Euronext Paris, the New York Stock Exchange and the Bermuda Stock Exchange., and its American depository. The shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Shares.

The Bank is chartered as a national banking association under the laws of the United States and, as such, is regulated primarily by the OCC. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC up to applicable limits. The Bank’s domestic operations are primarily in New York State. The Bank also has banking branch offices and/or representative offices in Florida, California, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Washington, Oregon, Massachusetts, Virginia and Washington, D.C. In addition to its domestic offices, the Bank maintains foreign branch offices, subsidiaries and/or representative offices in the Caribbean, Europe, Panama, Asia, Latin America, Australia and Canada.

The Bank offers a full range of commercial banking products and services to individuals, including high net worth individuals, small businesses, corporations, institutions and governments. The affiliation with HSBC Holdings enables the Bank to offer its three million customers access to global markets and services. In turn, the Bank plays a role in the delivery and processing of other HSBC products. The Bank also has mortgage banking operations and is an international dealer in derivative instruments denominated in U.S. dollars and other currencies, focusing on structuring transactions to meet client needs, as well as for proprietary purposes.

At December 31, 2006, the Bank represented approximately 98% of the consolidated assets of HSBC USA and had assets of approximately $166 billion, total liabilities of approximately $153 billion, including approximately $107 billion in deposits and approximately $26 billion of long-term debt, and shareholders’ equity of approximately $12.2 billion.

As of the date hereof, the long-term debt of the Bank has been assigned a rating of AA by Standard & Poor’s and Aa2 by Moody’s Investors Service. As of the date hereof, the short-term debt of the Bank has been assigned a rating of A-1+ by Standard & Poor’s and P-1 by Moody’s Investors Service.

 

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Description of the Securities

General

The notes will be issued pursuant to the indenture. The certificates will be issued pursuant to the trust agreement.

The following summaries describe certain provisions of the securities, the indenture and the trust agreement. These summaries do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, the provisions of the applicable agreements. Only the notes are being offered by this prospectus supplement.

The GMACM Home Equity Loan-Backed Term Notes, Series 2007-HE2 will consist of the following six classes:

 

   

Class A-1 Notes;

 

   

Class A-2 Notes;

 

   

Class A-3 Notes;

 

   

Class A-4 Notes;

 

   

Class A-5 Notes; and

 

   

Class A-6 Notes.

The Class A-1 Notes, Class A-2 Notes, Class A-3 Notes, Class A-4 Notes, Class A-5 Notes and Class A-6 Notes are sometimes referred to together as the Notes. See the “—Glossary of Terms” in this prospectus supplement for the meanings of capitalized terms and acronyms not otherwise defined in this prospectus supplement.

The notes will be secured by the trust fund, which will be pledged by the issuing entity to the indenture trustee pursuant to the indenture. The trust fund will consist of, without limitation:

 

   

the mortgage loans, including any subsequent mortgage loans;

 

   

all amounts on deposit in the Custodial Account, the Note Payment Account, the Distribution Account, the Pre-Funding Account and the Capitalized Interest Account;

 

   

the yield maintenance agreement; and

 

   

all proceeds of the foregoing.

In addition, the Policy will be issued by the credit enhancer to the indenture trustee for the benefit of the noteholders.

Book-Entry Notes

The notes will initially be issued as book-entry notes. Note Owners may elect to hold their notes through The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, in the United States, or Clearstream, Luxembourg or the Euroclear System in Europe if they are Participants in those systems, or indirectly through organizations that are Participants in those systems. The book-entry notes will be issued in one or more securities that equal the aggregate Note Balance of the notes, and will initially be registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of DTC. Clearstream, Luxembourg and the Euroclear System will hold omnibus positions on behalf of their Participants through customers’ securities accounts in the names of Clearstream, Luxembourg and the Euroclear System on the books of their respective depositaries, which in turn will hold such positions in customers’ securities accounts in the depositaries’ names on the books of DTC. Investors may hold beneficial interests in the book-entry notes in minimum denominations of

 

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$25,000 and in integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. Except as described below, no beneficial owner will be entitled to receive a definitive note. Unless and until definitive notes are issued, it is anticipated that the only “Holder” of the notes will be Cede & Co., as nominee of DTC. Note Owners will not be “Holders” or “Noteholders” as those terms are used in the indenture.

A beneficial owner’s ownership of a book-entry note will be recorded on the records of the Securities Intermediary that maintains the beneficial owner’s account for such purpose. In turn, the Securities Intermediary’s ownership of the book-entry notes will be recorded on the records of DTC, or of a Participating firm that acts as agent for the Securities Intermediary, the interest of which will in turn be recorded on the records of DTC, if the Note Owner’s Securities Intermediary is not a DTC Participant, and on the records of Clearstream, Luxembourg or the Euroclear System, as appropriate.

Note Owners will receive all payments of principal of and interest on the notes from the indenture trustee through DTC and DTC Participants. Except under the circumstances described below, while the notes are outstanding, under the DTC Rules, DTC is required to make book-entry transfers among Participants on whose behalf it acts with respect to the notes and is required to receive and transmit payments of principal of and interest on the notes. Participants and indirect Participants with which Note Owners have accounts with respect to notes are similarly required to make book-entry transfers and receive and transmit payments on behalf of their respective Note Owners. Accordingly, although Note Owners will not possess physical certificates, the DTC Rules provide a mechanism by which Note Owners will receive payments and will be able to transfer their interests.

Note Owners will not receive or be entitled to receive definitive notes representing their respective interests in the notes, except under the limited circumstances described below. Unless and until definitive notes are issued, Note Owners that are not Participants may transfer ownership of their notes only through Participants and indirect Participants by instructing the Participants and indirect Participants to transfer the notes, by book-entry transfer, through DTC for the account of the purchasers of the notes, which account is maintained with the related Participants. Under the DTC Rules and in accordance with DTC’s normal procedures, transfers of ownership of the notes will be executed through DTC, and the accounts of the respective Participants at DTC will be debited and credited. Similarly, the Participants and indirect Participants will make debits or credits, as the case may be, on their records on behalf of the selling and purchasing Note Owners.

Under a book-entry format, Note Owners of the book-entry notes may experience some delay in their receipt of payments, since such payments will be forwarded by the indenture trustee to Cede & Co. Payments with respect to notes held through Clearstream, Luxembourg or the Euroclear System will be credited to the cash accounts of Clearstream, Luxembourg Participants or Euroclear System Participants in accordance with the relevant system’s rules and procedures, to the extent received by the related Depositary. Such payments will be subject to tax reporting in accordance with relevant United States tax laws and regulations. Because DTC can only act on behalf of financial intermediaries, the ability of a Note Owner to pledge book-entry notes to persons or entities that do not participate in the Depositary system, or otherwise take actions in respect of such book-entry notes, may be limited due to the lack of physical certificates for such book-entry notes. In addition, the issuance of the notes in book-entry form may reduce the liquidity thereof in the secondary market, since certain potential investors may be unwilling to purchase securities for which they cannot obtain physical certificates.

DTC has advised the indenture trustee that, unless and until definitive notes are issued, DTC will take any action permitted to be taken by the holders of the book-entry notes under the indenture only at the direction of one or more financial intermediaries to the DTC accounts of which the book-entry notes are credited, to the extent that such actions are taken on behalf of financial intermediaries the holdings of which include such book-entry notes. Clearstream, Luxembourg or the Euroclear System operator, as the

 

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case may be, will take any other action permitted to be taken by Note Owners under the indenture on behalf of a Clearstream, Luxembourg Participant or Euroclear System Participant only in accordance with its relevant rules and procedures and subject to the ability of the related Depositary to effect such actions on its behalf through DTC.

Definitive notes will be issued to Note Owners or their nominees, rather than to DTC, if:

 

   

the depositor advises the indenture trustee in writing that DTC is no longer willing or able to properly discharge its responsibilities as a depository with respect to book-entry notes and the depositor is unable to locate a qualified successor; or

 

   

the depositor notifies DTC of its intent to terminate the book entry system and, upon receipt of a notice of intent from DTC, the participants holding beneficial interest in the book-entry notes agree to initiate a termination.

Upon the occurrence of an event described above, the indenture trustee is required to notify, through DTC, participants who have ownership of DTC registered notes as indicated on the records of DTC of the availability of definitive notes for their DTC registered notes. Upon surrender by DTC of the definitive notes representing the DTC registered notes and upon receipt of instructions from DTC for re-registration, the indenture trustee will reissue the DTC registered notes as definitive notes issued in the respective principal amounts owned by individual beneficial owners, and thereafter the indenture trustee will recognize the holders of the definitive notes as noteholders under the indenture.

Although DTC, Clearstream, Luxembourg and the Euroclear System have agreed to the foregoing procedures in order to facilitate transfers of term notes between and among Participants of DTC, Clearstream, Luxembourg and the Euroclear System, they will be under no obligation to perform or continue to perform such procedures, and such procedures may be discontinued at any time. See “Risk Factors—Book-Entry Registration” in this prospectus supplement and “Description of the Securities—Form of Securities” in the prospectus.

Clearstream, Luxembourg was incorporated in 1970 as “Cedel S.A.,” a company with limited liability under Luxembourg law, or a société anonyme. Cedel S.A. subsequently changed its name to Cedelbank. On January 10, 2000, Cedelbank’s parent company, Cedel International, société anonyme (“CI”) merged its clearing, settlement and custody business with that of Deutsche Börse Clearing AG (“DBC”). The merger involved the transfer by CI of substantially all of its assets and liabilities (including its shares in CB) to a new Luxembourg company, New Cedel International, société anonyme (“New CI”), which is 50% owned by CI and 50% owned by DBC’s parent company Deutsche Börse AG. The shareholders of these two entities are banks, securities dealers and financial institutions. Cedel International currently has 92 shareholders, including U.S. financial institutions or their subsidiaries. No single entity may own more than 5 percent of Cedel International’s stock.

Further to the merger, the Board of Directors of New Cedel International decided to re-name the companies in the group in order to give them a cohesive brand name. The new brand name that was chosen is “Clearstream.” Effective January 14, 2000 New CI has been renamed “Clearstream International, société anonyme.” On January 18, 2000, Cedelbank was renamed “Clearstream Banking, société anonyme,” and Cedel Global Services was renamed “Clearstream Services, société anonyme.”

On January 17, 2000 DBC was renamed “Clearstream Banking AG.” This means that there are now two entities in the corporate group headed by Clearstream International which share the name Clearstream Banking,” the entity previously named “Cedelbank” and the entity previously named “Deutsche Börse Clearing AG.”

 

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Clearstream, Luxembourg holds securities for its customers and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between Clearstream, Luxembourg customers through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of Clearstream, Luxembourg customers, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Transactions may be settled by Clearstream, Luxembourg in any of 36 currencies, including United States Dollars. Clearstream, Luxembourg provides to its customers, among other things, services for safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement of internationally traded securities and securities lending and borrowing. Clearstream, Luxembourg also deals with domestic securities markets in over 30 countries through established depository and custodial relationships. Clearstream, Luxembourg is registered as a bank in Luxembourg, and as such is subject to regulation by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier, ‘CSSF’, which supervises Luxembourg banks. Clearstream, Luxembourg’s customers are world-wide financial institutions including underwriters, securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations. Clearstream, Luxembourg’s U.S. customers are limited to securities brokers and dealers, and banks. Currently, Clearstream, Luxembourg has approximately 2,000 customers located in over 80 countries, including all major European countries, Canada, and the United States. Indirect access to Clearstream, Luxembourg is available to other institutions that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with an account holder of Clearstream, Luxembourg. Clearstream, Luxembourg has established an electronic bridge with Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as the Operator of the Euroclear System (EOB/EOC) to facilitate settlement of trades between Clearstream, Luxembourg and EOB/EOC.

Payments on the Notes

Payments on the notes will be made by the indenture trustee or the paying agent on the 25th day of each month, or if such day is not a business day, the next business day, commencing in July 2007. Payments on the notes will be made to the persons in the names of which such notes are registered at the close of business on the related Record Date. See “Description of the Securities—Form of Securities” in the prospectus. Payments will be made by wire transfer, check or money order mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto, which, in the case of book-entry notes, will be DTC or its nominee, as it appears on the note register, in the amounts calculated as described in this prospectus supplement on the related Determination Date. However, the final payment in respect of the notes, if the notes are no longer book-entry notes, will be made only upon presentation and surrender thereof at the office or the agency of the indenture trustee specified in the notice to noteholders of such final payment. The paying agent will initially be the indenture trustee.

Interest Payments on the Notes

Interest payments will be made on the notes on each payment date at the applicable Note Rate for the related Interest Period.

Interest on the Class A-1 Notes relating to any payment date will accrue on the related Note Balance for the actual number of days in the related Interest Period and a 360-day year.

Interest on the Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4, Class A-5 and Class A-6 Notes relating to any payment date will accrue on the related Note Balance on the basis of a 30-day month and a 360-day year.

In addition, accrued interest on any class of notes remaining unpaid from prior payment dates will accrue interest at the related Note Rate for the related Interest Period.

On each payment date, any amounts received under the yield maintenance agreement will be paid to the Class A-1 Notes in respect of Interest Carry Forward Amounts on the Class A-1 Notes, if any, prior to giving effect to any other payments on that payment date. Any payments received under the yield

 

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maintenance agreement that are not needed to pay any Interest Carry Forward Amounts to the Class A-1 Notes on that payment date will be paid to the holders of the certificates and will not be used for any other purpose. The Policy will not cover amounts due under the yield maintenance agreement.

With respect to each payment date, One-Month LIBOR will be established by the indenture trustee. The establishment of One-Month LIBOR as to each Interest Period by the indenture trustee and the indenture trustee’s calculation of the rate of interest applicable to the notes for the related Interest Period will, in the absence of manifest error, be final and binding.

Capitalized Interest Account

On the closing date, if required by the credit enhancer, a cash deposit will be made into the Capitalized Interest Account from the proceeds of the sale of the notes. On each payment date during the Pre-Funding Period, the indenture trustee will transfer from the Capitalized Interest Account to the Note Payment Account an amount equal to the excess, if any, of:

 

  (1) the sum of:

 

   

the amount of interest accrued at the Net WAC Rate for that payment date on the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account as of the preceding payment date, or as of the closing date, in the case of the first payment date; and

 

   

the amount of the monthly fees paid to the credit enhancer;

over

 

  (2) the amount of reinvestment earnings on funds on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account related to such classes.

On the payment date following the end of the Pre-Funding Period, the indenture trustee will distribute to GMAC Mortgage, LLC any amounts remaining in the Capitalized Interest Account after taking into account withdrawals therefrom on that payment date. The Capitalized Interest Account will be closed following that payment.

Principal Payments on the Notes

On each payment date, other than the Final Payment Date, principal payments will be due and payable on the notes in an amount equal to the aggregate of the following:

 

   

the Principal Distribution Amount,

 

   

the Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount, and

 

   

the Overcollateralization Increase Amount.

On the Final Payment Date, principal will be due and payable on each class of notes in an amount equal to the unpaid Note Balance. In no event will principal payments on the notes on any payment date exceed the Note Balance on that date.

 

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Priority of Distributions

The indenture trustee on behalf of the trust will establish a Note Payment Account into which the servicer will deposit Principal Collections and Interest Collections from the Custodial Account for each payment date on the business day prior to that payment date. The Note Payment Account will be an eligible account and amounts on deposit in the Note Payment Account will be invested in permitted investments.

On each payment date, Principal Collections and Interest Collections, together with any insured payment from the credit enhancer, will be allocated from the Note Payment Account in the following order of priority:

 

   

first, from Interest Collections, to pay to the credit enhancer the premium for the Policy and any previously unpaid premiums for the Policy, with interest thereon;

 

   

second, from Interest Collections, to pay accrued and unpaid interest due on the Note Balance of the notes;

 

   

third, from the Principal Distribution Amount, to pay as principal on the notes, an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for that payment date;

 

   

fourth, from Excess Spread, to pay as principal on the notes, an amount not to exceed the Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount for that payment date;

 

   

fifth, to reimburse the credit enhancer an amount not to exceed any unreimbursed draws made on the Policy, with interest thereon;

 

   

sixth, from remaining Excess Spread, to pay as principal on the notes, an amount not to exceed the Overcollateralization Increase Amount for that payment date;

 

   

seventh, to pay the credit enhancer an amount not to exceed any other amounts owed to it pursuant to the insurance agreement, with interest thereon;

 

   

eighth, to pay the indenture trustee an amount not exceed any unpaid expenses and other reimbursable amounts owed to the indenture trustee;

 

   

ninth, after application of all amounts owing to the Class A-1 Notes under the yield maintenance agreement on that payment date, to pay any Interest Carry Forward Amount allocated to a class of notes that remains unpaid to the Class A Notes on a pro rata basis in accordance with their respective amounts of Interest Carry Forward Amounts; and

 

   

tenth, any remaining amount, to the Distribution Account, for distribution to the holders of the certificates.

The Principal Distribution Amounts, any Liquidation Loss Distribution Amounts and the Overcollateralization Increase Amounts distributable to the holders of the Class A Notes will be distributed as follows:

 

   

first, to the Class A-6 Notes, an amount equal to the Class A-6 Lockout Distribution Amount for that payment date; and

 

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second, sequentially, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4, Class A-5 and Class A-6 Notes (without regard to the Class A-6 Lockout Distribution Amount), in that order, in each case until the Note Balance thereof has been reduced to zero.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a credit enhancer default has occurred and is continuing, the Principal Distribution Amounts, any Liquidation Loss Distribution Amounts and any Overcollateralization Increase Amounts distributable to the holders of the notes will be distributed pro rata to the then outstanding classes of notes.

Optional Transfers of Mortgage Loans to Holders of Certificates; Repurchase of Defaulted Mortgage Loans

Subject to the conditions specified in the servicing agreement, on any payment date the issuing entity may, but will not be obligated to, direct the servicer to remove certain mortgage loans from the trust fund without prior notice to the noteholders. Mortgage loans so designated will be removed only upon satisfaction of certain conditions specified in the servicing agreement, including, among other things, that:

 

   

as of the applicable payment date, after giving effect to the removal of the applicable Mortgage loans, the Overcollateralization Amount will equal or exceed the Overcollateralization Target Amount;

 

   

the mortgage loans to be removed are selected at random;

 

   

the credit enhancer shall have certain approval rights as set forth in the servicing agreement; and

 

   

notice of the removal of mortgage loans is given to the Rating Agencies.

In addition, under certain circumstances, the servicer will have the option to purchase from the trust fund any mortgage loan delinquent in payment for a period of ninety days or longer at a price equal to the Repurchase Price.

Overcollateralization

The cashflow mechanics of the trust are intended to create overcollateralization by using a portion or all of the Excess Spread to make principal payments on the notes in an amount equal to the Overcollateralization Increase Amount. The application of Excess Spread will continue until the Overcollateralization Amount equals the Overcollateralization Target Amount at which point the application of Excess Spread will cease unless necessary on a later payment date to increase the amount of overcollateralization to the target level. In addition, the Overcollateralization Target Amount may be permitted to step down in the future, in which case a portion of the Principal Collections on the home loans and all or a portion of the Excess Spread will not be paid to the holders of the notes but may instead be distributed to the holders of the certificates. As a result of these mechanics, the weighted average lives of the notes will be different than they would have been in the absence of these mechanics.

To the extent that the protection provided by the application of Excess Spread and the availability of overcollateralization is exhausted and if payments are not made under the Policy as required, noteholders may incur a loss on their investments.

On the closing date, the Overcollateralization Amount will be at least $39,698,206.

 

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The Yield Maintenance Agreement

The holders of the Class A-1 Notes may benefit from a series of interest rate cap payments from yield maintenance agreement provider pursuant to a yield maintenance agreement. For the period commencing on the August 2007 payment date and ending on the August 2009 payment date, the yield maintenance agreement for the Class A-1 Notes is intended to partially mitigate the interest rate risk that could result from the difference between (a) One Month LIBOR plus the related Note Margin and (b) the Net WAC Rate (without any adjustment to account for payments required to be made under the yield maintenance agreement, if any).

With respect to the Class A-1 Notes and each payment date, payments under the yield maintenance agreement will be made based on (a) an amount equal to the Class A-1 Yield Maintenance Agreement Notional Balance for that payment date and (b) the positive excess of (i) the lesser of (x) One-Month LIBOR and (y) 9.88% per annum, over (ii) the Class A-1 Monthly Strike Rate for that payment date, calculated on an actual/360-day basis. The yield maintenance agreement will terminate immediately following the payment date in August 2009.

Any payments received under the yield maintenance agreement that are not needed to pay any Interest Carry Forward Amounts to the Class A-1 Notes on that payment date will be paid to the holders of the certificates and will not be used for any other purpose.

Allocation of Losses

On each payment date if an Enhancer Default has occurred and is continuing, Liquidation Loss Amounts incurred on the mortgage loans during the prior calendar month, to the extent not covered by (i) Excess Spread in the form of a payment of Overcollateralization Increase Amount or Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount or (ii) a reduction in the Overcollateralization Amount on such payment date, will be allocated to each class of notes on a pro rata basis.

The reduction of the Note Balances of any class of notes by application of Liquidation Loss Amounts will entitle such class to reimbursement for such amount, with interest thereon, in accordance with the payment priorities specified in this prospectus supplement. Payment of that reimbursement amount will not further reduce the Note Balance of the applicable class. Further, after the Note Balance of any class has been reduced to zero, that class will no longer be entitled to reimbursement.

The Paying Agent

The paying agent will initially be the indenture trustee. The paying agent will have the revocable power to withdraw funds from the Note Payment Account for the purpose of making payments to the noteholders.

Maturity and Optional Redemption

The notes will be payable in full on the Final Payment Date, to the extent of the aggregate outstanding Note Balance on that date, if any. In addition, a principal payment may be made in redemption of the notes upon the exercise by the servicer of its option to purchase the related mortgage loans together with the related assets of the trust fund. The purchase price of the mortgage loans that are not REO Loans will be the sum of the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loans and accrued and unpaid interest thereon, at the weighted average of the loan rates of the mortgage loans through the day preceding the payment date on which the purchase occurs, together with all amounts due and owing the credit enhancer with respect to the notes. The servicer may exercise that option on or after the

 

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payment date on which the aggregate outstanding Note Balance of the notes (prior to giving effect to any payments on that payment date) is reduced to an amount less than 10% of the initial aggregate Note Balance. The purchase price of the REO Loans will be the sum of the fair market values of the REO Loans on the payment date on which the purchase occurs. The servicer may not exercise this option to purchase the mortgage loans unless the total purchase price will provide sufficient funds to pay the outstanding principal balance, accrued and unpaid interest on the notes in full and all amounts due and owing the credit enhancer under the insurance agreement.

Glossary of Terms

Below are abbreviated definitions of significant capitalized terms used in this prospectus supplement. Capitalized terms used in this prospectus supplement but not defined in this prospectus supplement shall have the meanings assigned to them in the accompanying prospectus. The servicing agreement, indenture and trust agreement may each contain more complete definitions of the terms used in this prospectus supplement and reference should be made to those agreements for a more complete understanding of these terms.

“Appraised Value” means, with respect to any mortgage loan, the appraised value of the related mortgaged property determined in the appraisal used in the origination of that mortgage loan, which may have been obtained at an earlier time; provided that if the mortgage loan was originated simultaneously with a senior lien on the related mortgaged property, the Appraised Value shall be the lesser of the appraised value at the origination of the senior lien and the sales price for the related mortgaged property.

“Capitalized Interest Account” means an account established and held by the indenture trustee designated the “capitalized interest account.”

“Class A-1 Monthly Strike Rate” means, with respect to each payment date and the Class A-1 Notes, the per annum rate set forth next to such payment date in the table below:

 

Payment Date

   Monthly Strike Rate    

Payment Date

   Monthly Strike Rate  

July 2007

   N/A     September 2008    7.82 %

August 2007

   7.81 %   October 2008    8.09 %

September 2007

   7.81 %   November 2008    7.82 %

October 2007

   8.08 %   December 2008    8.09 %

November 2007

   7.79 %   January 2009    7.83 %

December 2007

   8.05 %   February 2009    7.83 %

January 2008

   7.79 %   March 2009    8.68 %

February 2008

   7.79 %   April 2009    7.83 %

March 2008

   8.34 %   May 2009    8.09 %

April 2008

   7.79 %   June 2009    7.83 %

May 2008

   8.06 %   July 2009    8.10 %

June 2008

   7.79 %   August 2009    7.83 %

July 2008

   8.09 %  

September 2009 and thereafter

   0.00 %

August 2008

   7.82 %     

 

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“Class A-1 Yield Maintenance Agreement Notional Balance” means with respect to any payment date specified below and the Class A-1 Notes, the lesser of (1) the aggregate Note Balance of the Class A-1 Notes immediately prior to that payment date and (2) the approximate amount specified below for that payment date:

 

Payment Date

   Notional Balance   

Payment Date

   Notional Balance

July 2007

     N/A    September 2008    $ 219,548,870.78

August 2007

   $ 477,430,683.43    October 2008    $ 198,011,520.24

September 2007

   $ 464,363,869.73    November 2008    $ 176,911,700.34

October 2007

   $ 449,260,547.15    December 2008    $ 156,240,666.58

November 2007

   $ 431,968,706.43    January 2009    $ 135,989,847.51

December 2007

   $ 413,501,206.97    February 2009    $ 116,150,841.31

January 2008

   $ 393,764,342.98    March 2009    $ 96,715,412.47

February 2008

   $ 372,923,800.08    April 2009    $ 77,675,488.49

March 2008

   $ 351,328,831.54    May 2009    $ 59,023,156.70

April 2008

   $ 330,698,559.22    June 2009    $ 40,750,661.10

May 2008

   $ 309,035,342.98    July 2009    $ 22,850,399.30

June 2008

   $ 286,393,685.33    August 2009    $ 5,314,919.45

July 2008

   $ 263,852,729.02   

September 2009 and thereafter

   $ 0.00

August 2008

   $ 241,532,672.94      

“Class A-6 Lockout Distribution Amount” means, with respect to any payment date, the product of (a) the Class A-6 Lockout Percentage for that payment date and (b) the Class A-6 Pro Rata Distribution Amount for that payment date. In no event shall the Class A-6 Lockout Distribution Amount for a payment date exceed the Principal Distribution Amount or the Note Balance of the Class A-6 Notes immediately prior to that payment date.

“Class A-6 Lockout Percentage” means, with respect to each payment date, the applicable percentage set forth below:

 

Payment Dates

   Class A-6
Lockout Percentage
 

July 2007 through and including June 2010

   0 %

July 2010 through and including June 2012

   45 %

July 2012 through and including June 2013

   80 %

July 2013 through and including June 2014

   100 %

July 2014 and thereafter

   300 %

“Class A-6 Pro Rata Distribution Amount” means, with respect to any payment date, an amount equal to the product of (a) a fraction, the numerator of which is the Note Balance of the Class A-6 Notes immediately prior to that payment date and the denominator of which is the aggregate Note Balance of the Notes immediately prior to that payment date and (b) the sum of (i) the Principal Distribution Amount, (ii) any Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount and (iii) any Overcollateralization Increase Amount, in each case, for that payment date.

“Clearstream, Luxembourg” means Clearstream Banking, société anonyme, 67 Bd Grande-Duchesse Charlotte, L-2967 Luxembourg.

 

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“CLTV Ratio” means, with respect to each mortgage loan, the ratio, expressed as a percentage of:

 

  (1) the sum of:

 

   

with respect to each mortgage loan, the initial principal balance of that mortgage loan; and

 

   

any outstanding principal balance, at the origination of that mortgage loan, of all other mortgage loans, if any, secured by senior or subordinate liens on the related mortgaged property;

over

 

  (2) the Appraised Value, or, when not available, the Stated Value, of that mortgage loan.

“Collection Period” means, with respect to any payment date, the calendar month preceding the month of that payment date.

“Custodial Account” means the account established by the servicer in the name of the trust designated the “custodial account.”

“Deleted Loan” means a defective mortgage loan that has been removed from the trust fund pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement.

“Depositary” means The Depository Trust Company or DTC.

“Determination Date” means the 18th day of each month, or if the 18th day is not a business day, the next succeeding business day.

“Distribution Account” means the account established pursuant to the trust agreement for the deposit of amounts distributable to the holders of the certificates.

“DTC Rules” means the rules, regulations and procedures creating and affecting DTC and its operations.

“Eligible Substitute Loan” means a mortgage loan substituted by a seller for a Deleted Loan, which mortgage loan must, on the date of the substitution:

 

   

have an outstanding principal balance, or in the case of a substitution of more than one mortgage loan for a Deleted Loan, an aggregate outstanding principal balance, not in excess of the principal balance of the related Deleted Loan;

 

   

have a loan rate, Net Loan Rate and, if applicable, gross margin no lower than and not more than 1% in excess of the loan rate and Net Loan Rate, respectively, of the related Deleted Loan;

 

   

have a CLTV Ratio at the time of substitution no higher than that of the Deleted Loan at the time of substitution;

 

   

have a remaining term to maturity not more than one year earlier and not later than the remaining term to maturity of the Deleted Loan;

 

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comply with each representation and warranty as to the mortgage loans set forth in the purchase agreement, deemed to be made as of the date of substitution; and

 

   

satisfy certain other conditions specified in the indenture.

“Enhancer Default” means any failure by the Credit Enhancer to make a payment required under the Policy in accordance with its terms.

“Excess Spread” means, with respect to any payment date and without taking into account any draws on the Policy for that payment date, the excess, if any, of:

 

   

Interest Collections for the related Collection Period;

over

 

   

the sum of:

(1) the premium for the Policy for the related payment date; and

(2) the amounts paid on that payment date to the holders of the notes in respect of interest at the related Note Rate.

“Final Payment Date” for each class of Notes, means the payment date occurring in December 2037.

“GM” means General Motors Corporation.

“Initial Mortgage Documents” means with respect to the mortgage loans, the related mortgage notes, the mortgages and other related documents.

“Insurance Agreement” means the insurance agreement dated as of June 28, 2007, among the credit enhancer, the sellers, the depositor, the servicer, the indenture trustee, the owner trustee and the issuing entity.

“Interest Collections” means, with respect to any payment date, an amount equal to the sum of:

 

   

the amounts collected during the related Collection Period, including Net Liquidation Proceeds, applied to interest, reduced by the servicing fees for that Collection Period, plus amounts in respect of any optional servicer advance pursuant to the terms of the servicing agreement; and

 

   

the interest portion of:

(1) the Repurchase Price for any Deleted Loans; and

(2) the cash purchase price paid in connection with any optional purchase of the mortgage loans by the servicer.

“Interest Carry Forward Amount” means for any payment date and any class of notes other than the Class A-1 Notes, the sum of:

 

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(1) if on that payment date the Note Rate on the notes for a particular class is limited to the Net WAC Rate, the excess of

 

   

the amount of interest that the class of notes would have been entitled to receive without regard to the Net WAC Rate, over

 

   

the amount of interest that the class of notes was entitled to receive on that payment date because the applicable Note Rate was calculated at the Net WAC Rate; and

(2) the Interest Carry Forward Amount for all previous payment dates for such class of notes not previously paid, together with interest thereon at a rate equal to the applicable Note Rate for that payment date.

For any payment date and the Class A-1 Notes, the sum of:

(1) if on that payment date the Note Rate on the Class A-1 Notes is limited to the Net WAC Rate, the excess of:

 

   

the amount of interest that the Class A-1 Notes would have been entitled to receive on that payment date had the applicable Note Rate been calculated as a per annum rate equal to the lesser of:

(a) One-Month LIBOR plus the related Note Margin; and

(b) 10.00%; over

 

   

the amount of interest that the Class A-1 Notes were entitled to receive on that payment date because the applicable Note Rate was calculated at the Net WAC Rate; and

(2) the Interest Carry Forward Amount for all previous payment dates for the Class A-1 Notes not previously paid, together with interest thereon at a rate equal to the applicable Note Rate for that payment date.

The Policy will not cover Interest Carry Forward Amounts.

“Interest Period” means, as to any payment date and each class of notes, other than the Class A-1 Notes, the calendar month preceding that payment date. With respect to any payment date and the Class A-1 Notes, other than the first payment date, the period commencing on the payment date in the month immediately preceding the month in which such payment date occurs and ending on the day preceding such payment date, and in the case of the first payment date, the period commencing on the closing date and ending on the day preceding the first payment date.

“Junior Ratio” means, with respect to each mortgage loan, the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the credit limit thereof, to the sum of:

 

   

the outstanding principal balance of that mortgage loan; and

 

   

the principal balance of any related senior mortgage loan at origination of that mortgage loan.

“LIBOR Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday or a Sunday, or a day on which banking institutions in the city of London, England are required or authorized by law to be closed.

“Liquidation Loss Amount” means, with respect to any payment date and any liquidated mortgage loan, the unrecovered principal balance of that liquidated mortgage loan and any unpaid accrued interest thereon, at the end of the related Collection Period in which that mortgage loan became a liquidated mortgage loan, after giving effect to the Net Liquidation Proceeds in connection with that liquidated mortgage loan.

 

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“Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount” means, with respect to any payment date, an amount equal to the sum of (A) 100% of the Liquidation Loss Amounts on such payment date, plus (B) any Liquidation Loss Amounts remaining undistributed from any preceding payment date. Any Liquidation Loss Amount remaining undistributed from any preceding payment date shall not be required to be paid as a Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount to the extent that a Liquidation Loss Amount was paid on the notes by means of excess interest or a draw on the Policy or was reflected in the reduction of the Overcollateralization Amount.

“Net Liquidation Proceeds” means, with respect to any mortgage loan, the proceeds, excluding amounts drawn on the Policy, received in connection with the liquidation of that mortgage loan, whether through trustee’s sale, foreclosure sale or otherwise, reduced by related expenses, but not including the portion, if any, of the amount that exceeds the portion of the principal balance of, plus accrued and unpaid interest on, the mortgage loan at the end of the Collection Period immediately preceding the Collection Period in which the mortgage loan became a liquidated mortgage loan.

“Net Loan Rate” means, with respect to any payment date and any mortgage loan, the loan rate of that mortgage loan applicable as of the due date in the related Collection Period, net of the servicing fee rate.

“Net WAC Rate” means for each payment date, (i) a per annum rate equal to the weighted average of the Net Loan Rates of the mortgage loans, as of the first day of the month preceding the month in which such payment date occurs, minus (ii) the premium rate on the Policy, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Note Balance for the notes and the denominator of which is the Pool Balance. The initial Net WAC Rate for the mortgage loans is approximately 8.204% per annum.

“Note Balance” means, with respect to any payment date, the initial principal balance of the notes reduced by all payments of principal of the notes and any allocation of Liquidation Loss Amounts on the Notes prior to the related payment date.

“Note Margin” means, with respect to the Class A-1 Notes, 0.14%.

“Note Payment Account” means the account established pursuant to the indenture for the deposit of amounts distributable to the holders of the notes.

“Note Rate” means, with respect to each payment date and the related Interest Period, a per annum rate equal to:

 

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  (i) for the Class A-1 Notes, the least of:

 

   

One-Month LIBOR plus the related Note Margin;

 

   

the Net WAC Rate; and

 

   

10.00%.

 

  (ii) for the Class A-2 Notes, the lesser of (a) 6.054% and (b) the Net WAC Rate;

 

  (iii) for the Class A-3 Notes, the lesser of (a) 6.193% and (b) the Net WAC Rate;

 

  (iv) for the Class A-4 Notes, the lesser of (a) 6.424% and (b) the Net WAC Rate;

 

  (v) for the Class A-5 Notes, the lesser of (a) 6.551% and (b) the Net WAC Rate; and

 

  (vi) for the Class A-6 Notes, the lesser of (a) 6.249% and (b) the Net WAC Rate.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Note Rate on the Class A-4 Notes will increase by 1.00% per annum for each payment date beginning with the second payment date that the servicer could purchase the mortgage loans and (ii) the Note Rate on the Class A-5 and Class A-6 Notes will increase by 0.50% per annum for each payment date beginning with the second payment date that the servicer could purchase the mortgage loans. See “—Maturity and Optional Termination.”

“One-Month LIBOR” means, with respect to any Interest Period for the Class A-1 Notes, other than the first Interest Period, a rate equal to the rate for United States dollar deposits for one month that appears on the Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page as of 11:00 a.m., London, England time, on the second LIBOR Business Day prior to the first day of that Interest Period. With respect to the first Interest Period for the Class A-1, One-Month LIBOR means a rate equal to the rate for United States dollar deposits for one month that appears on the Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page as of 11:00 a.m., London, England time, two LIBOR Business Days prior to the closing date. If no such rate appears, One-Month LIBOR will be the Reference Bank Rate determined by the indenture trustee. If no such rate appears and the indenture trustee is unable to determine a Reference Bank Rate, One-Month LIBOR will be LIBOR applicable to the preceding Interest Period.

“Overcollateralization Amount” means with respect to any payment date, the amount, if any, by which the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loans as of the close of business on the last day of the related Collection Period, together with the amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account exceeds the aggregate Note Balance, after application of Principal Collections and excess interest available to pay any Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount for that payment date.

“Overcollateralization Increase Amount” means, with respect to any payment date, an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the Excess Spread remaining after the application thereof to the payment of any Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount on such payment date and (ii) the amount necessary to increase the Overcollateralization Amount to the Overcollateralization Target Amount.

“Overcollateralization Release Amount” means, with respect to any payment date, the excess, if any, of the Overcollateralization Amount over the Overcollateralization Target Amount, which may not exceed the total Principal Collections for such payment date.

“Overcollateralization Target Amount” means, with respect to any payment date prior to the Stepdown Date, an amount equal to 4.65% of the initial Pool Balance. With respect to any payment date on or after the Stepdown Date, an amount equal to the greater of (i) 9.30% of the Pool Balance as of the last day of the month preceding the related payment date, and (ii) 0.50% of the initial Pool Balance, provided, however, if the tests set forth in the indenture are not satisfied, the Overcollateralization Target

 

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Amount shall be the initial Overcollateralization Target Amount, and provided further that the Overcollateralization Target Amount may be reduced from time to time with the consent of the credit enhancer and confirmation from each rating agency that the rating will not be reduced or withdrawn as a result of the change in the Overcollateralization Target Amount.

“Participants” means participants in the DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream, Luxembourg systems.

“Plan” means any pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plan or arrangement, including an individual retirement account or Keogh plan, that is subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including bank collective investment funds and insurance company general and separate accounts in which those employee benefit or other plans or accounts are invested.

“Policy” means the financial guaranty insurance policy provided by the credit enhancer with respect to the notes, dated as of June 28, 2007.

“Pool Balance” means, with respect to any date, the aggregate of the principal balances of all of the mortgage loans as of that date plus amounts, if any, on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account as of that date.

“Pre-Funding Account” means the account established by the indenture trustee in its name designated the “pre-funding account.”

“Pre-Funding Period” means the period from the closing date to the earliest of:

 

   

the date on which the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account is less than $100,000;

 

   

the payment date in September 2007; or

 

   

the occurrence of a servicing default under the servicing agreement.

“Principal Collections” means, with respect to any payment date, an amount equal to the sum of:

 

   

the amount collected during the related Collection Period, including Net Liquidation Proceeds, applied to principal; and

 

   

the principal portion of the Repurchase Price for any Deleted Loans, any amounts required to be deposited in the Custodial Account by the sellers pursuant to the purchase agreement; and the cash purchase price paid in connection with any optional purchase of the mortgage loans by the servicer.

“Principal Distribution Amount” means, with respect to any payment date, the Principal Collections for that Payment Date less an amount equal to the Overcollateralization Release Amount for such payment date and amounts transferred to the Note Payment Account from the Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period.

“Rating Agencies” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 

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“Record Date” means with respect to any payment date and the Class A-1 Notes, the close of business on the last business day preceding that payment date. With respect to any payment date, other than the first payment date, and each class of notes, other than the Class A-1 Notes, the last day of the calendar month preceding that payment date, and in the case of the first payment date, the closing date.

“Reference Bank” means each of Barclays Bank plc, National Westminster Bank and Deutsche Bank, A.G.

“Reference Bank Rate” means, with respect to any Interest Period, the arithmetic mean (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest one sixteenth of one percent) of the offered rates for United States dollar deposits for one month which are offered by the Reference Banks as of 11:00 a.m., London, England time, on the second LIBOR Business Day prior to the first day of such Interest Period to prime banks in the London interbank market in amounts approximately equal to the outstanding Note Balances of the Class A-1 Notes; provided, that at least two Reference Banks provide that rate. If fewer than two such rates are provided, the Reference Bank Rate will be the arithmetic mean of the rates quoted by one or more major banks in New York City, selected by the indenture trustee after consultation with the servicer and the credit enhancer, as of 11:00 a.m., New York time, on that date for loans in U.S. Dollars to leading European banks for a period of one month in amounts approximately equal to the aggregate Note Balances of the notes.

“Relief Act Shortfalls” means current interest shortfalls resulting from the application of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, formerly known as the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act of 1940, as amended, or any similar state legislation or regulations.

“REO Loan” means a mortgage loan where title to the related mortgaged property has been obtained by the indenture trustee or its nominee on behalf of the noteholders.

“Repurchase Price” means, with respect to any mortgage loan, the amount equal to the principal balance of that mortgage loan at the time of the removal, plus accrued and unpaid interest on that principal balance to the date of removal.

“Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page” means the display page so designated on the Reuters system, or such other page as may replace Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page on such service for the purpose of displaying London interbank offered rates of major banks, or, if such service is no longer offered, such other service for displaying London interbank offered rates or comparable rates as may be selected by the indenture trustee after consultation with the servicer.

“Securities Intermediary” means, with respect to each noteholder, the brokerage firm, bank, thrift institution or other securities intermediary that maintains that noteholder’s account.

“Stated Value” means, with respect to each mortgage loan for which the documentation type is known, the stated value of the related mortgaged property given by the related mortgagor in his or her application.

“Stepdown Date” means, the later of (i) the payment date in January 2010, and (ii) the payment date on which the Overcollateralization Amount equals or exceeds 9.30% of the Pool Balance as of the last day of the month preceding the related payment date.

“Trust Estate” means the mortgage loans included in the assets of the issuing entity.

 

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Description of the Policy

The following summary of the terms of the Policy does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Policy. The information in this section regarding the Policy has been supplied by the credit enhancer for inclusion in this prospectus supplement. Only the notes will be entitled to the benefit of the Policy to be issued by the credit enhancer.

For purposes of the Policy, the following terms have the following meanings:

“Deficiency Amount” means, with respect to any payment date and the notes, an amount, if any, equal to the sum of:

(1) the amount by which the aggregate amount of accrued interest on the notes (excluding any Relief Act Shortfalls and prepayment interest shortfalls on the mortgage loans for that payment date) at the respective Note Rates on that payment date exceeds the amount on deposit in the Note Payment Account available for interest distributions on the Notes on that payment date; and

(2) (i) with respect to any payment date that is not the Final Payment Date and for which the Overcollateralization Amount on such payment date is zero (after giving effect to any principal payments on the notes on such payment date), the principal portion of any Liquidation Loss Amount for that payment date, to the extent not distributed to the holders of the notes on such payment date; or

(ii) on the Final Payment Date, the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the notes after giving effect to all other payments of principal on the Final Payment Date from all other sources other than the Policy.

“Insured Payment” means with respect to, (a) any payment date (i) any related Deficiency Amount and (ii) any Preference Amount and (b) any other date, any Preference Amount.

“Preference Amount” means any amount insured under the Policy previously distributed to a noteholder on the notes that is recoverable and sought to be recovered as a voidable preference by a trustee in bankruptcy pursuant to the United States Bankruptcy Code (11 U.S.C.), as amended from time to time, in accordance with a final nonappealable order of a court having competent jurisdiction.

The credit enhancer, in consideration of the right to receive payment of premiums and subject to the terms of the Policy, thereby unconditionally and irrevocably agrees to pay an amount equal to each Insured Payment to the indenture trustee or its successors for the benefit of the noteholders for distribution by the indenture trustee to each noteholder of that noteholder’s proportionate share of the Insured Payment, except as otherwise provided with respect to Preference Amounts.

Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph, the Policy does not cover reductions in the Note Rate due to the Net WAC Rate, Relief Act Shortfalls, any Interest Carry Forward Amounts on the Notes, any amounts due under the yield maintenance agreement or prepayment interest shortfalls on the notes, nor does the Policy guarantee to the holders of the related notes any particular rate of principal payment. In addition, the Policy does not cover shortfalls, if any, attributable to the liability of the depositor, the indenture trustee, the issuing entity, any REMIC or any noteholder for withholding taxes, if any (including interest and penalties in respect of any liability for withholding taxes). The Policy also does not cover the failure of the indenture trustee to make any payment required under the indenture to the holder of a note.

 

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The credit enhancer will pay a Deficiency Amount with respect to the notes no later than 12:00 noon, New York City time, in immediately available funds to the Indenture Trustee on the later of the payment date on which the related Deficiency Amount is due or the second business day following receipt in New York, New York on a business day by the credit enhancer of a Notice from the indenture trustee specifying the Deficiency Amount which is due in respect of the Notes, provided that if the notice is received after 12:00 noon, New York City time on a given business day or on a day that is not a business day, it will be deemed to be received on the following business day. If any Notice received by the credit enhancer is not in proper form or is otherwise insufficient for the purpose of making a claim under the Policy with respect to a Deficiency Amount or a Preference Amount, as applicable, it will be deemed not to have been received by the credit enhancer, and the credit enhancer will promptly so advise the indenture trustee, and the indenture trustee may submit an amended Notice.

The credit enhancer will pay any Insured Payment that is a Preference Amount by 12:00 noon New York Time on the second business day following receipt by the credit enhancer on a business day of the following:

 

   

a certified copy of the final order requiring the return of a preference payment;

 

   

an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the credit enhancer that the order is final and not subject to appeal;

 

   

an assignment in a form that is reasonably satisfactory to the credit enhancer, irrevocably assigning to the credit enhancer all rights and claims of the indenture trustee and/or such noteholder relating to or arising under such Preference Amount and constituting an appropriate instrument in form satisfactory to the credit enhancer and appointing the credit enhancer as the agent of the indenture trustee and/or such noteholder in respect of such Preference Amount including without limitation in any legal proceeding relating to the Preference Amount; and

 

   

a Notice appropriately completed and executed by the indenture trustee or such noteholder, as the case may be;

provided that if these documents are received after 12:00 noon, New York time, on a given business day or on a day which is not a business day, they will be deemed to be received on the following business day. Payments by the credit enhancer will be disbursed to the receiver, conservator, debtor-in-possession or trustee in bankruptcy named in the final order of the court exercising jurisdiction on behalf of the noteholder and not to the indenture trustee or any noteholder directly unless the noteholder has previously paid such amount to such receiver, conservator, debtor-in-possession or trustee in bankruptcy named in such final order in which case such payment shall be made to the indenture trustee for distribution to the noteholder upon delivery of proof of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the credit enhancer). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the credit enhancer be (i) required to make any payment under the Policy in respect of any Preference Amount to the extent such Preference Amount is comprised of amounts previously paid by the credit enhancer thereunder, or (ii) obligated to make any payment in respect of any Preference Amount, which payment represents a payment of the principal amount of any notes, prior to the time the credit enhancer otherwise would have been required to make a payment in respect of such principal, in which case the credit enhancer shall pay the balance of the Preference Amount when such amount otherwise would have been required. All payments made by the credit enhancer in respect of Preference Amounts will be made with the credit enhancer’s own funds.

Upon payment of any Insured Payment, the credit enhancer will be fully subrogated to the rights of the noteholders to receive the amount so paid. The credit enhancer’s obligations with respect to the

 

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notes with respect to each payment date will be discharged to the extent funds consisting of the related Deficiency Amount are received by the indenture trustee on behalf of the noteholders for distribution to the noteholders, as provided in the indenture and the Policy, whether or not those funds are properly applied by the indenture trustee.

Capitalized terms used in the Policy and not otherwise defined in the Policy shall have the meanings set forth in the Annex A attached to the indenture as in effect and executed on the date of execution of the Policy, without giving effect to any subsequent amendment or modification to the indenture unless such amendment or modification has been approved in writing by the credit enhancer.

The Policy is not cancelable for any reason including nonpayment of any premium. The premium on the Policy is not refundable for any reason including payment prior to the respective maturities of the notes. The Policy shall expire and terminate without any action on the part of the credit enhancer or any other person on the date that is the later of (i) the date that is one year and one day following the date on which the notes shall have been paid in full and (ii) if any insolvency proceeding with respect to which the depositor is the debtor has been commenced on or prior to the date specified in clause (i) above, the 30th day after the entry of a final, non-appealable order in resolution or settlement of such proceeding.

The Policy is subject to and shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof. The proper venue for any action or proceeding on the Policy shall be the County of New York, State of New York.

THE INSURANCE PROVIDED BY THE POLICY IS NOT COVERED BY THE NEW YORK PROPERTY/CASUALTY INSURANCE SECURITY FUND (NEW YORK INSURANCE CODE, ARTICLE 76).

In the event that payments under any note are accelerated, nothing contained in the Policy shall obligate the credit enhancer to make any payment of principal or interest on that note on an accelerated basis, unless such acceleration of payment is at the sole option of the credit enhancer, it being understood that a payment shortfall in respect of the redemption of any note by reason of the repurchase of the trust estate pursuant to the indenture or the servicing agreement does not constitute acceleration for purposes of the Policy.

Yield and Prepayment Considerations

The yield to maturity of a note will depend on the price paid by the related noteholder for that note and the related Note Rate. In general, if a term note is purchased at a premium over its face amount and payments of principal of such term note occur at a rate faster than that assumed at the time of purchase, the purchaser’s actual yield to maturity will be lower than that anticipated at the time of purchase. Conversely, if a term note is purchased at a discount from its face amount and payments of principal of such term note occur at a rate that is slower than that assumed at the time of purchase, the purchaser’s actual yield to maturity will be lower than originally anticipated.

In addition to the mortgagor’s personal economic circumstances, a number of factors, including homeowner mobility, job transfers, changes in the mortgagor’s housing needs, the mortgagor’s net equity in the mortgaged property, changes in the value of the mortgaged property, national and regional economic conditions, enforceability of due-on-sale clauses, prevailing market interest rates, servicing decisions, solicitations and the availability of mortgage funds, seasonal purchasing and payment habits of borrowers or changes in the deductibility for federal income tax purposes of interest payments on home equity loans, may affect the rate and timing of principal payments on the mortgage loans. There can be no assurance as to the rate of principal payments on the mortgage loans on the mortgage loans. The

 

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mortgage loans may be prepaid in full or in part without penalty. The rate of principal payments and the rate may fluctuate substantially from time to time. Generally, mortgage loans secured by junior liens on the mortgaged property are not viewed by borrowers as permanent financing. Due to the unpredictable nature of both principal payments on the mortgage loans, the rates of principal payments may be much more volatile than for typical first lien mortgage loans.

The mortgage loans may be prepaid by the mortgagors at any time in full or in part, although as of origination approximately 2.81% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date) provide for payment of a prepayment charge. Prepayment charges may reduce the rate of prepayment on the mortgage loans until the end of the period during which these prepayment charges apply. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool” in this prospectus supplement. Some state laws restrict the imposition of prepayment charges even when the mortgage loans expressly provide for the collection of such charges. As a result, it is possible that prepayment charges may not be collected even on mortgage loans that provide for the payment of such charges. In any case, these amounts will not be available for distribution on the offered notes. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans—Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments” in the prospectus. The servicer will be entitled to receive the amount of any payments or collections in the nature of prepayment charges on the mortgage loans received by the servicer in respect of the related due period.

The mortgage loans generally will contain due-on-sale provisions permitting the related mortgagee to accelerate the maturity of a mortgage loan upon sale or certain transfers by the mortgagor of the underlying mortgaged property. The servicer will generally enforce any due-on-sale clause to the extent it has knowledge of the conveyance or proposed conveyance of the underlying mortgaged property and it is entitled to do so under applicable law. The extent to which mortgage loans are assumed by purchasers of the mortgaged properties rather than prepaid by the related mortgagors in connection with the sales of the mortgaged properties will affect the weighted average life of the notes. See “The Servicing Agreement—Collection and Other Servicing Procedures” in this prospectus supplement for a description of certain provisions of the servicing agreement that may affect the prepayment experience on the mortgage loans.

The servicer may allow the refinancing of a mortgage loan in the trust fund by accepting prepayments for that mortgage loan and permitting a new loan to the same borrower secured by a mortgage on the same property, which may be originated by the servicer or by an unrelated entity. In the event of a refinancing, the new loan would not be included in the trust fund and, therefore, the refinancing would have the same effect as a prepayment in full of the related mortgage loan. The servicer may, from time to time, implement programs designed to encourage refinancing. These programs may include, without limitation, modifications of existing loans, general or targeted solicitations, the offering of pre-approved applications, reduced origination fees or closing costs, or other financial incentives. Targeted solicitations may be based on a variety of factors, including the credit of the borrower or the location of the mortgaged property. In addition, the servicer may encourage refinancing of mortgage loans, including defaulted mortgage loans, under which creditworthy borrowers assume the outstanding indebtedness of the defaulted mortgage loans which may be removed from the trust fund. As a result of these programs:

 

   

the rate of principal prepayments of the mortgage loans may be higher than would otherwise be the case; and

 

   

in some cases, the average credit or collateral quality of the mortgage loans remaining in the trust fund may decline.

Investors in the notes should note that in certain instances in which the servicer grants a mortgagor’s request to either:

 

   

place a lien on the related mortgaged property senior to the lien of the related mortgage loan; or

 

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refinance the senior lien resulting in a CLTV Ratio above the previous CLTV Ratio for that loan;

the servicer will have the option to purchase from the trust fund the related loan at the Repurchase Price. There are no limitations on the frequency of the repurchases or the characteristics of the mortgage loans so repurchased. In addition, on any payment date GMAC Mortgage, LLC, in its capacity as the holder of the certificates, may designate certain mortgage loans for removal. Those repurchases or removals may lead to an increase in prepayments on the mortgage loans, which may reduce the yield on the notes. In addition, repurchases or removals may affect the characteristics of the mortgage loans in the aggregate with respect to loan rates and credit quality.

Prepayments, liquidations and purchases of the mortgage loans will result in distributions to holders of the notes of principal amounts which would otherwise be distributed over the remaining terms of the mortgage loans. Factors affecting prepayment, including defaults and liquidations, of mortgage loans include changes in mortgagors’ housing needs, job transfers, unemployment, mortgagors’ net equity in the mortgaged properties, changes in the value of the mortgaged properties, mortgage market interest rates, solicitations and servicing decisions. In addition, if prevailing mortgage rates fell significantly below the loan rates on the mortgage loans, the rate of prepayments, including refinancings, would be expected to increase. Conversely, if prevailing mortgage rates rose significantly above the loan rates on the mortgage loans, the rate of prepayments on the mortgage loans would be expected to decrease.

The yield to investors on the Class A-1 Notes will be sensitive to fluctuations in the level of One Month LIBOR. The Note Rate on the Class A-1 Notes will be capped at 10.00% per annum. Further, the Note Rate on each class of notes is subject to the Net WAC Rate or available funds cap, as applicable. Thus, the yield to investors in the notes may be adversely affected by the application of those caps. In a rising interest rate environment, the notes may receive interest at the applicable cap for a protracted period of time.

The prepayment of the mortgage loans with higher mortgage rates may result in a lower Note Rate on the Notes.

Amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account may be used during the Pre-Funding Period to acquire subsequent mortgage loans. In the event that, on the last day in the Pre-Funding Period, any amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account have not been used to acquire subsequent mortgage loans, then the Notes will be prepaid in part with such amounts on the next payment date.

For any payment date, with respect to any class of notes, if the related Note Rate without regard to the applicable cap is greater than the applicable cap, the difference between (i) the Note Rate without regard to the cap and (ii) the applicable cap will be carried forward with interest thereon (referred to herein as Interest Carry Forward Amounts) for payment on a future payment date. However, and any such Interest Carry Forward Amounts will only be payable from available funds after all other amounts payable with respect to the Notes and to the indenture trustee have been paid. No assurance can be given that any such Interest Carry Forward Amounts will be paid on any payment date.

In addition, investors in the Class A-1 Notes should be aware that One-Month LIBOR may not change consistently with other market indices. A number of factors affect the performance of an index and may cause an index to move in a manner different from other indices. To the extent One Month LIBOR may reflect changes in the general level of interest rates less quickly than other indices, in a

 

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period of rising interest rates, increases in the yield to the holders of Class A-1 Notes due to the rising interest rates may occur later than that which would be produced by other indices, and in a period of declining rates, One-Month LIBOR may decline more quickly than other market interest rates which may adversely affect the yield on the Class A-1 Notes.

The yield to maturity of the notes will depend, in part, on whether, to what extent, and the timing with respect to which, any Overcollateralization Increase Amount payments are used to accelerate payments of principal on the notes or the Required Overcollateralization Amount is reduced. See “Description of the Securities—Allocation of Payments on the Mortgage Loans” in this prospectus supplement.

There can be no assurance that Interest Collections (including the portion thereof constituting Excess Spread) and Principal Collections on the mortgage loans will be sufficient on any payment date to pay the Liquidation Loss Distribution Amount or the Overcollateralization Increase Amount for that payment date after such amounts have been used to make payments of interest and principal on the notes and to make the other payments with a higher payment priority in accordance with the indenture. The credit enhancer will be required to pay the excess, if any, of the Note Balance over the Pool Balance on any payment date that is not paid from Interest Collections and Principal Collections on the mortgage loans or reflected in a reduction of the Overcollateralization Amount for that payment date.

Approximately 4.28% of the cut off date principal balance of the initial mortgage loans require the related borrowers to make monthly payments of accrued interest, but not principal, for the first five years following origination. Approximately 0.04% of the cut off date principal balance of the initial mortgage loans require the related borrowers to make monthly payments of accrued interest, but not principal, for the first ten years following origination. After the interest only period for each related mortgage loan, the mortgage rate on that mortgage loan will be reset and the related borrower’s monthly payment will be recalculated to cover both interest and principal so that each mortgage loan will be paid in full by its final distribution date. As a result, if the monthly payment increases, the related borrower may not be able to pay the increased amount and may default or may refinance the loan to avoid the higher payment. In addition, because no scheduled principal payments are required to be made on these mortgage loans for a specified period of time, the related offered notes will receive smaller scheduled principal distributions during that period than they would have received if the related borrowers were required to make monthly payments of interest and principal from origination of these mortgage loans. Absent other considerations, this slower rate of principal distributions will result in longer weighted average lives of the related offered notes than would otherwise be the case if none of the mortgage loans had interest only periods.

The recording of mortgages in the name of MERS is a new practice in the mortgage lending industry. While the depositor expects that the servicer will be able to commence foreclosure proceedings on the mortgaged properties, when necessary and appropriate, public recording officers and others, however, may have limited, if any, experience with lenders seeking to foreclose mortgages, assignments of which are registered with MERS. Accordingly, delays and additional costs in commencing, prosecuting and completing foreclosure proceedings, defending litigation commenced by third parties and conducting foreclosure sales of the mortgaged properties could result. Those delays and additional costs could in turn delay the distribution of liquidation proceeds to the noteholders and increase the amount of Liquidation Loss Amounts on the mortgage loans. For additional information regarding the recording of mortgages in the name of MERS see “Description of the Securities—Assignment of Loans” in the prospectus.

The rate and timing of defaults on the mortgage loans may also affect the rate and timing of principal payments on the mortgage loans and thus the yield on the notes. There can be no assurance as

 

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to the rate of losses or delinquencies on any of the mortgage loans, however, the rate of losses and delinquencies are likely to be higher than those of traditional first lien mortgage loans, particularly in the case of mortgage loans with high CLTV Ratios or low Junior Ratios. To the extent that any losses are incurred on any of the mortgage loans that are not covered by the applicable credit enhancements, holders of the notes will bear all risk of losses resulting from default by mortgagors. Even where the Policy covers all losses incurred on the mortgage loans, the effect of losses may be to increase prepayment rates on the mortgage loans, thus reducing the weighted average life and affecting the yield to maturity.

For any mortgage loans secured by junior mortgages, any inability of the mortgagor to pay off the balance thereof may also affect the ability of the mortgagor to obtain refinancing at any time of any related senior mortgage loan, thereby preventing a potential improvement in the mortgagor’s circumstances. Under the servicing agreement the servicer may be restricted or prohibited from consenting to any refinancing of any related senior mortgage loan in some circumstances, which in turn could adversely affect the mortgagor’s circumstances or result in a prepayment or default under the corresponding junior mortgage loan.

“Weighted average life” refers to the average amount of time that will elapse from the date of issuance of a security to the date of distribution to the investor thereof of each dollar distributed in reduction of principal of that security, assuming no losses. The weighted average life of the notes will be influenced by, among other factors, the rate of principal payments on the mortgage loans.

The primary source of information available to investors concerning the notes will be the monthly statements discussed in this prospectus supplement under “The Agreements—The Trust Agreement and the Indenture—Reports to Noteholders,” which will include information as to the outstanding Note Balance. There can be no assurance that any additional information regarding the notes will be available through any other source. In addition, the depositor is not aware of any source through which price information about the notes will be generally available on an ongoing basis. The limited nature of information regarding the notes may adversely affect the liquidity of the notes, even if a secondary market for the notes becomes available.

With respect to the mortgage loans, a prepayment assumption of 100% of the prepayment speed assumption, or PPC, assumes constant prepayment rates of 10.00% CPR per annum of the then outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loans in the first month of the life of the mortgage loans and an additional approximately 1.63636% per annum in each month thereafter until the 12th month. Beginning in the 12th month and in each month thereafter during the life of the mortgage loans, 100% PPC assumes a constant prepayment rate of 28.00% CPR per annum. As used in the tables below, “0% PPC” assumes prepayment rates equal to 0% of PPC, or no prepayments. Correspondingly, “100% PPC” and “150% PPC” assumes prepayment rates equal to 100% of PPC and 150% of PPC, respectively, and so forth.

The tables set forth below assume that the initial mortgage loans consist of mortgage loans having the following characteristics:

 

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Assumed Characteristics of the Mortgage Loans

 

     Current Principal
Balance($)
   Mortgage Rate
(%)
   Net Mortgage Rate
(%)
   Original
Amortized
Term*
(months)
   Remaining
Amortized
Term *
(months)
  

Original Term
to Maturity

(months)

  

Remaining
Term to
Maturity

(months)

   Original
Interest
Only Term
(months)
   Pre-Funding
Period
1    18,349,357.82    8.13943920    7.63943920    120    119    120    119    0    0
2    202,973,503.01    8.11287286    7.61287286    180    179    180    179    0    0
3    63,750.00    10.62500000    10.12500000    120    120    180    179    60    0
4    26,493,430.41    8.13474038    7.63474038    240    239    240    239    0    0
5    76,200.00    11.87500000    11.37500000    180    180    240    234    60    0
6    283,331,805.87    8.94409966    8.44409966    300    299    300    299    0    0
7    157,299.02    8.87262068    8.37262068    180    180    300    295    120    0
8    40,667,020.13    10.13547783    9.63547783    240    240    300    299    60    0
9    15,563,682.26    10.53933443    10.03933443    360    355    360    355    0    0
10    216,600.00    8.53960018    8.03960018    240    240    360    358    120    0
11    277,500.00    8.57252252    8.07252252    300    300    360    359    60    0
12    4,089,171.35    7.85843295    7.35843295    60    59    60    59    0    0
13    77,100.00    11.12500000    10.62500000    300    299    120    119    0    0
14    368,037,273.81    9.00187916    8.50187916    360    359    180    179    0    0
15    62,960.53    11.62500000    11.12500000    360    358    300    298    0    0
16    2,038,817.54    8.13943920    7.63943920    120    119    120    119    0    1
17    22,552,611.45    8.11287286    7.61287286    180    179    180    179    0    1
18    7,083.33    10.62500000    10.12500000    120    120    180    179    60    1
19    2,943,714.49    8.13474038    7.63474038    240    239    240    239    0    1
20    8,466.67    11.87500000    11.37500000    180    180    240    234    60    1
21    31,481,311.76    8.94409966    8.44409966    300    299    300    299    0    1
22    17,477.67    8.87262068    8.37262068    180    180    300    295    120    1
23    4,518,557.79    10.13547783    9.63547783    240    240    300    299    60    1
24    1,729,298.03    10.53933443    10.03933443    360    355    360    355    0    1
25    24,066.67    8.53960018    8.03960018    240    240    360    358    120    1
26    30,833.33    8.57252252    8.07252252    300    300    360    359    60    1
27    454,352.37    7.85843295    7.35843295    60    59    60    59    0    1
28    8,566.67    11.12500000    10.62500000    300    299    120    119    0    1
29    40,893,030.42    9.00187916    8.50187916    360    359    180    179    0    1
30    6,995.61    11.62500000    11.12500000    360    358    300    298    0    1
31    2,038,817.54    8.13943920    7.63943920    120    119    120    119    0    2
32    22,552,611.45    8.11287286    7.61287286    180    179    180    179    0    2
33    7,083.33    10.62500000    10.12500000    120    120    180    179    60    2
34    2,943,714.49    8.13474038    7.63474038    240    239    240    239    0    2
35    8,466.67    11.87500000    11.37500000    180    180    240    234    60    2
36    31,481,311.76    8.94409966    8.44409966    300    299    300    299    0    2
37    17,477.67    8.87262068    8.37262068    180    180    300    295    120    2

 

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     Current Principal
Balance($)
   Mortgage Rate
(%)
   Net Mortgage Rate
(%)
   Original
Amortized
Term*
(months)
   Remaining
Amortized
Term *
(months)
  

Original Term
to Maturity

(months)

  

Remaining
Term to
Maturity

(months)

   Original
Interest
Only Term
(months)
   Pre-Funding
Period
38    4,518,557.79    10.13547783    9.63547783    240    240    300    299    60    2
39    1,729,298.03    10.53933443    10.03933443    360    355    360    355    0    2
40    24,066.67    8.53960018    8.03960018    240    240    360    358    120    2
41    30,833.33    8.57252252    8.07252252    300    300    360    359    60    2
42    454,352.37    7.85843295    7.35843295    60    59    60    59    0    2
43    8,566.67    11.12500000    10.62500000    300    299    120    119    0    2
44    40,893,030.42    9.00187916    8.50187916    360    359    180    179    0    2
45    6,995.61    11.62500000    11.12500000    360    358    300    298    0    2
46    2,038,817.54    8.13943920    7.63943920    120    119    120    119    0    3
47    22,552,611.45    8.11287286    7.61287286    180    179    180    179    0    3
48    7,083.33    10.62500000    10.12500000    120    120    180    179    60    3
49    2,943,714.49    8.13474038    7.63474038    240    239    240    239    0    3
50    8,466.67    11.87500000    11.37500000    180    180    240    234    60    3
51    31,481,311.76    8.94409966    8.44409966    300    299    300    299    0    3
52    17,477.67    8.87262068    8.37262068    180    180    300    295    120    3
53    4,518,557.79    10.13547783    9.63547783    240    240    300    299    60    3
54    1,729,298.03    10.53933443    10.03933443    360    355    360    355    0    3
55    24,066.67    8.53960018    8.03960018    240    240    360    358    120    3
56    30,833.33    8.57252252    8.07252252    300    300    360    359    60    3
57    454,352.37    7.85843295    7.35843295    60    59    60    59    0    3
58    8,566.67    11.12500000    10.62500000    300    299    120    119    0    3
59    40,893,030.42    9.00187916    8.50187916    360    359    180    179    0    3
60    6,995.61    11.62500000    11.12500000    360    358    300    298    0    3

* Amortized terms do not include interest only periods.

 

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In addition, it was assumed, among other things, that:

(1) with respect to loan numbers 16 through 60 in the table above, during the pre-funding period, prefunding replines (i) accrue interest at the applicable Net Mortgage Rate and (ii) do not amortize or change in age;

(2) loan numbers 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 30, 43, 44, 45, 58, 59 and 60 represent balloon mortgage loans;

(3) none of the sellers, the servicer or the depositor will repurchase any mortgage loan and the servicer does not exercise its option to purchase all of the mortgage loans and therefore cause a termination of the trust, except as indicated in the tables below;

(4) there are no delinquencies or Liquidation Loss Amounts on the mortgage loans;

(5) payments are made in accordance with the description set forth in this prospectus supplement under “Description of the Securities—Priority of Distributions”;

(6) payments on the notes will be made on the 25th day of each calendar month regardless of the day on which the payment date actually occurs, commencing in July 2007;

(7) no extension past the scheduled maturity date of a mortgage loan is made;

(8) no delinquencies or defaults occur;

(9) the mortgage loans pay on the basis of a 30 day month and a 360 day year;

(10) One-Month LIBOR will remain constant at 5.320% per annum;

(11) the servicing fee is 0.500% per annum;

(12) the credit enhancer fee is 0.125% per annum;

(13) each mortgage loan is payable monthly;

(14) the closing date is June 28, 2007;

(15) the initial Note Balance is as set forth on page S-7 of this prospectus supplement;

(16) the optional redemption is deemed to occur on the payment date on which the aggregate outstanding Note Balance of the notes (prior to giving effect to any payments on that payment date) is reduced to an amount less than 10% of the initial aggregate Note Balance; and

(17) scheduled payments are received on the first day of the month beginning in July 2007 and prepayments are received on the last day of the month beginning in June 2007 and includes 30 days of interest.

The actual characteristics and performance of the mortgage loans will likely differ from the assumptions used in constructing the tables set forth below, which are hypothetical in nature and are provided only to give a general sense of how the principal cash flows might behave under varying prepayment and draw scenarios. For example, it is very unlikely that the mortgage loans will prepay at a constant rate until maturity or that all mortgage loans will prepay at the same rate. Moreover, the diverse

 

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remaining terms to stated maturity and mortgage rates of the mortgage loans could produce slower or faster principal distributions than indicated in the tables at the various assumptions specified, even if the weighted average remaining term to stated maturity and weighted average mortgage rate of the mortgage loans are as assumed. Any difference between these assumptions and the actual characteristics and performance of the mortgage loans, or actual prepayment experience, will affect the percentages of initial Note Balances outstanding over time and the weighted average life of the notes. Neither the CPR model nor any other prepayment model or assumption purports to be a historical description of prepayment experience or a prediction of the anticipated rate of prepayment of any pool of mortgage loans, including the mortgage loans included in the mortgage pool. Variations in the actual prepayment experience and the principal balances of the mortgage loans that prepay may increase or decrease each weighted average life shown in the following tables. These variations may occur even if the average prepayment experience of all mortgage loans equals the PPC, as indicated.

 

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Percentage of Initial Class A-1 Note Balance (1)

 

Payment Date    Percentage of Balance  
Percentage of Prepayment Assumption    50%     75%     100%     125%     150%  

Initial

   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %

June 2008

   67     54     41     28     15  

June 2009

   31     5     0     0     0  

June 2010

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2011

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2012

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2013

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2014

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2015

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2016

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2017

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2018

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2019

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2020

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2021

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2022

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2023

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2024

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2025

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2026

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2027

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2028

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2029

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2030

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2031

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2032

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2033

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2034

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2035

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2036

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2037

   0     0     0     0     0  

Weighted Average Life to maturity (years)

   1.51     1.11     0.90     0.77     0.67  

Weighted Average Life to 10% optional redemption (years)

   1.51     1.11     0.90     0.77     0.67  

(1) Assumes (i) except where indicated, that no optional redemption is exercised and (ii) the percentage of the pricing prepayment assumption disclosed above.

 

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Percentage of Initial Class A-2 Note Balance (1)

 

Payment Date    Percentage of Balance  
Percentage of Prepayment Assumption    50%     75%     100%     125%     150%  

Initial

   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %

June 2008

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2009

   100     100     44     0     0  

June 2010

   99     3     0     0     0  

June 2011

   29     0     0     0     0  

June 2012

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2013

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2014

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2015

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2016

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2017

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2018

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2019

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2020

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2021

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2022

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2023

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2024

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2025

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2026

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2027

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2028

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2029

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2030

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2031

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2032

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2033

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2034

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2035

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2036

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2037

   0     0     0     0     0  

Weighted Average Life to maturity (years)

   3.74     2.59     2.00     1.64     1.39  

Weighted Average Life to 10% optional redemption (years)

   3.74     2.59     2.00     1.64     1.39  

(1) Assumes (i) except where indicated, that no optional redemption is exercised and (ii) the percentage of the pricing prepayment assumption disclosed above.

 

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Percentage of Initial Class A-3 Note Balance (1)

 

Payment Date    Percentage of Balance  
Percentage of Prepayment Assumption    50%     75%     100%     125%     150%  

Initial

   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %

June 2008

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2009

   100     100     100     84     38  

June 2010

   100     100     44     0     0  

June 2011

   100     48     0     0     0  

June 2012

   80     6     0     0     0  

June 2013

   48     0     0     0     0  

June 2014

   22     0     0     0     0  

June 2015

   9     0     0     0     0  

June 2016

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2017

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2018

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2019

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2020

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2021

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2022

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2023

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2024

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2025

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2026

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2027

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2028

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2029

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2030

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2031

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2032

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2033

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2034

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2035

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2036

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2037

   0     0     0     0     0  

Weighted Average Life to maturity (years)

   6.15     4.03     3.00     2.37     1.96  

Weighted Average Life to 10% optional redemption (years)

   6.15     4.03     3.00     2.37     1.96  

(1) Assumes (i) except where indicated, that no optional redemption is exercised and (ii) the percentage of the pricing prepayment assumption disclosed above.

 

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Percentage of Initial Class A-4 Note Balance (1)

 

Payment Date    Percentage of Balance  
Percentage of Prepayment Assumption    50%     75%     100%     125%     150%  

Initial

   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %

June 2008

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2009

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2010

   100     100     100     93     42  

June 2011

   100     100     88     33     0  

June 2012

   100     100     42     0     0  

June 2013

   100     72     15     0     0  

June 2014

   100     46     0     0     0  

June 2015

   100     38     0     0     0  

June 2016

   92     25     0     0     0  

June 2017

   73     12     0     0     0  

June 2018

   56     1     0     0     0  

June 2019

   40     0     0     0     0  

June 2020

   26     0     0     0     0  

June 2021

   14     0     0     0     0  

June 2022

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2023

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2024

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2025

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2026

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2027

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2028

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2029

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2030

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2031

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2032

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2033

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2034

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2035

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2036

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2037

   0     0     0     0     0  

Weighted Average Life to maturity (years)

   11.57     7.50     5.00     3.77     2.98  

Weighted Average Life to 10% optional redemption (years)

   11.16     7.24     5.00     3.77     2.98  

(1) Assumes (i) except where indicated, that no optional redemption is exercised and (ii) the percentage of the pricing prepayment assumption disclosed above.

 

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Percentage of Initial Class A-5 Note Balance (1)

 

Payment Date    Percentage of Balance  
Percentage of Prepayment Assumption    50%     75%     100%     125%     150%  

Initial

   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %

June 2008

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2009

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2010

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2011

   100     100     100     100     80  

June 2012

   100     100     100     91     13  

June 2013

   100     100     100     50     0  

June 2014

   100     100     99     31     0  

June 2015

   100     100     95     31     0  

June 2016

   100     100     74     25     0  

June 2017

   100     100     51     13     0  

June 2018

   100     100     33     5     0  

June 2019

   100     77     20     0     0  

June 2020

   100     55     10     0     0  

June 2021

   100     38     4     0     0  

June 2022

   56     9     0     0     0  

June 2023

   34     2     0     0     0  

June 2024

   25     0     0     0     0  

June 2025

   17     0     0     0     0  

June 2026

   11     0     0     0     0  

June 2027

   5     0     0     0     0  

June 2028

   1     0     0     0     0  

June 2029

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2030

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2031

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2032

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2033

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2034

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2035

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2036

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2037

   0     0     0     0     0  

Weighted Average Life to maturity (years)

   16.14     13.38     10.40     7.01     4.49  

Weighted Average Life to 10% optional redemption (years)

   12.58     8.99     6.83     5.34     4.25  

(1) Assumes (i) except where indicated, that no optional redemption is exercised and (ii) the percentage of the pricing prepayment assumption disclosed above.

 

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Percentage of Initial Class A-6 Note Balance (1)

 

Payment Date    Percentage of Balance  
Percentage of Prepayment Assumption    50%     75%     100%     125%     150%  

Initial

   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %

June 2008

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2009

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2010

   100     100     100     100     100  

June 2011

   92     89     86     82     78  

June 2012

   85     79     73     67     60  

June 2013

   73     64     55     46     37  

June 2014

   61     49     38     29     18  

June 2015

   35     21     13     10     8  

June 2016

   20     9     4     2     2  

June 2017

   11     4     1     *     0  

June 2018

   6     2     *     *     0  

June 2019

   3     1     *     0     0  

June 2020

   2     *     *     0     0  

June 2021

   1     *     *     0     0  

June 2022

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2023

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2024

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2025

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2026

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2027

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2028

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2029

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2030

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2031

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2032

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2033

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2034

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2035

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2036

   0     0     0     0     0  

June 2037

   0     0     0     0     0  

Weighted Average Life to maturity (years)

   7.38     6.68     6.20     5.85     5.54  

Weighted Average Life to 10% optional redemption (years)

   7.36     6.57     5.77     4.91     4.20  

(1) Assumes (i) except where indicated, that no optional redemption is exercised and (ii) the percentage of the pricing prepayment assumption disclosed above.
* Indicates a number less than 0.500% but greater than 0.000%.

 

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Description of the Purchase of Mortgage Loans

The Purchase Agreement

The mortgage loans to be transferred to the issuing entity by the depositor were or will be purchased by the depositor from the sellers pursuant to the mortgage loan purchase agreement, or purchase agreement, dated as of the cut-off date, among the sellers, the depositor, the issuing entity and the indenture trustee. The following summary describes certain terms of the purchase agreement. The summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the purchase agreement. See “The Agreements” in the prospectus.

Purchase of Mortgage Loans

Under the purchase agreement, the sellers have agreed to transfer and assign, without recourse, to the depositor the initial mortgage loans and the Initial Mortgage Documents. Pursuant to an assignment by the depositor executed on the closing date, upon the transfer to the depositor, the initial mortgage loans will be transferred, without recourse, by the depositor to the issuing entity, as well as the depositor’s rights in, to and under the purchase agreement. The owner trustee, on behalf of the trust fund, will, concurrently with the assignment, grant a security interest in the trust fund to the indenture trustee to secure the notes. Subsequent mortgage loans are intended to be purchased, under certain circumstances, by the issuing entity from the sellers from funds on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account. The purchase agreement will provide that the subsequent mortgage loans must conform to certain specified characteristics described above under “Description of the Mortgage Loans—Conveyance of Subsequent Mortgage Loans; the Pre-Funding Account.” For a general description of the sellers, see “The Sellers and the Servicer” in this prospectus supplement. The purchase price of the initial mortgage loans is a specified amount payable by the depositor, as provided in the purchase agreement.

The purchase agreement will require that, within a specified time period, GMAC Mortgage, LLC deliver to a custodian, as agent for the indenture trustee, the mortgage notes, endorsed without recourse in blank, or a lost note affidavit. The remainder of the Initial Mortgage Documents will be held by the servicer, as agent for the indenture trustee on behalf of the noteholders. The remainder of the Initial Mortgage Documents held by the servicer will include the following:

 

  (1) the mortgage, or a copy of the mortgage certified by an officer of the servicer for any mortgage not returned from the public recording office, with evidence of recording indicated thereon;

 

  (2) except with respect to mortgage loans registered in the name of MERS, an assignment in recordable form of the mortgage; and

 

  (3) if applicable, any riders or modifications to the mortgage note and mortgage, together with certain other documents at the times as set forth in the related agreement.

Representations and Warranties

GMAC Mortgage, LLC will represent and warrant to the depositor, and will represent and warrant to the issuing entity with respect to any subsequent mortgage loans, that, among other things, as of the closing date and the related subsequent transfer date with respect to any subsequent mortgage loans:

 

   

as of the cut-off date, with respect to the initial mortgage loans, or related subsequent transfer date, with respect to any subsequent mortgage loans, the information set forth in a schedule of the related mortgage loans is true and correct in all material respects as of the date or dates respecting which the information is furnished;

 

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immediately prior to the sale of the initial mortgage loans to the depositor and the subsequent mortgage loans to the issuing entity, the respective seller was the sole owner and holder of the mortgage loans free and clear of any and all liens and security interests;

 

   

each mortgage loan at the time it was made complied in all material respects with applicable local, state and federal laws, including, but not limited to, applicable predatory lending laws;

 

   

as of the cut-off date, no mortgage loan is 30 days or more delinquent in payment of principal and interest;

 

   

to the best of GMAC Mortgage, LLC’s knowledge, there is no delinquent recording or other tax or fee or assessment lien against any related mortgaged property; and

 

   

none of the mortgage loans are subject to the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994.

The respective seller will represent and warrant to the depositor that, among other things, as of the closing date that the purchase agreement constitutes a valid transfer and assignment of all right, title and interest of the respective seller in and to the mortgage loans and the proceeds thereof.

The servicer will be required pursuant to the servicing agreement to accurately and fully report its borrower credit files to credit repositories in a timely manner.

The depositor will assign to the issuing entity all of its right, title and interest in the purchase agreement, insofar as the purchase agreement relates to the representations and warranties made by the sellers in respect of the initial mortgage loans and any remedies provided for with respect to any breach of the representations and warranties. The representations and warranties of the sellers will be assigned by the issuing entity to the indenture trustee for the benefit of the noteholders and the credit enhancer, and therefore a breach of the representations and warranties of the sellers will be enforceable on behalf of the trust. If a seller cannot cure a breach of any representation or warranty made by it in respect of a mortgage loan which materially and adversely affects the interests of the noteholders or the credit enhancer in that mortgage loan, within 90 days after notice from the servicer, such seller will be obligated to repurchase the mortgage loan at the Repurchase Price.

As to any mortgage loan required to be purchased by a seller as provided above, rather than purchase the mortgage loan, the seller may, at its sole option, remove the Deleted Loan from the trust and substitute in its place an Eligible Substitute Loan.

The Servicer

GMAC Mortgage, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of GMAC Mortgage Group, Inc. and an affiliate of the depositor, will act as servicer for the certificates under the servicing agreement. For a general description of GMAC Mortgage, LLC and its activities, see above “Sponsor, Servicer and Originator” in this prospectus supplement.

The servicer will be responsible for servicing the mortgage loans. Servicing responsibilities include:

 

   

communicating with borrowers;

 

   

sending monthly remittance statements to borrowers;

 

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collecting payments from borrowers;

 

   

accurate and timely accounting, reporting and remittance of the principal and interest portions of monthly installment payments to the servicer, together with any other sums paid by borrowers that are required to be remitted;

 

   

accurate and timely accounting and administration of escrow and impound accounts, if applicable;

 

   

accurate and timely reporting of negative amortization amounts, if any;

 

   

paying escrows for borrowers, if applicable;

 

   

calculating and reporting payoffs and liquidations;

 

   

approving and recommending a loss mitigation strategy for borrowers who have defaulted on their loans (i.e. repayment plan, modification, foreclosure, etc.);

 

   

maintaining an individual file for each loan, which may be in electronic format;

 

   

maintaining primary mortgage insurance commitments or certificates if required, and filing any primary mortgage insurance claims;

 

   

management and liquidation of mortgaged properties acquired by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure;

 

   

reconciling servicing activity with respect to the mortgage loans;

 

   

calculating remittance amounts to noteholders;

 

   

sending remittances to the indenture trustee for distributions to noteholders;

 

   

investor and tax reporting;

 

   

coordinating loan repurchases; and

 

   

providing certain notices and other responsibilities as detailed in the servicing agreement.

The servicer may, from time to time, outsource certain of its servicing functions, such as foreclosure management, although any such outsourcing will not relieve the servicer of any of its responsibilities or liabilities under the servicing agreement.

For a general description of material terms relating to the servicer’s removal or replacement, see “The Trust Agreement and the Indenture—Events of Default; Rights Upon Event of Default” in this prospectus supplement.

The indenture trustee will make the payment date statement (and, at its option, any additional files containing the same information in an alternative format) available each month to noteholders and other parties to the servicing agreement via the indenture trustee’s internet website at “www.sfr.bankofny.com”. Noteholders with questions may direct them to the indenture trustee’s

 

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customer service desk at (800) 332-4550. Parties that are unable to use the above distribution method are entitled to have a paper copy mailed to them via first class mail by calling the indenture trustee’s customer service desk and indicating such. The indenture trustee shall have the right to change the way the payment date statement is distributed in order to make such distribution more convenient and/or more accessible and the indenture trustee shall provide timely and adequate notification to the noteholders and the parties to the Servicing Agreement regarding any such changes.

The indenture trustee shall also be entitled to rely on but shall not be responsible for the content or accuracy of any information provided by third parties for purposes of preparing the payment date statement and may affix to it any disclaimer it deems appropriate in its reasonable discretion.

As a condition to access the indenture trustee’s internet website, the indenture trustee may require registration and the acceptance of a disclaimer.

For purposes of any electronic version of this prospectus supplement, the preceding uniform resource locator, or URL, is an inactive textual reference only. We have taken steps to ensure that this URL reference was inactive at the time the electronic version of this prospectus supplement was created. See also “The Trust Agreement and the Indenture—Reports to Noteholders” in this prospectus supplement for a more detailed description of noteholder reports.

Description of the Servicing Agreement

The following summary describes certain terms of the servicing agreement. The summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the servicing agreement. See “The Agreements” in the prospectus.

All of the mortgage loans will initially be serviced by the servicer, but may be subserviced by one or more subservicers designated by the servicer pursuant to subservicing agreements between the servicer and any future subservicers.

Principal Collections and Interest Collections

All collections on the mortgage loans will generally be allocated in accordance with the related mortgage notes between amounts collected in respect of interest and amounts collected in respect of principal.

The servicer will be required to establish and maintain the Custodial Account. On each Determination Date, the servicer will determine the aggregate amounts required to be withdrawn from the Custodial Account and deposited into the Note Payment Account and the Distribution Account prior to the close of business on the business day next succeeding each Determination Date.

The servicer will make withdrawals from the Custodial Account, including but not limited to the following, and deposit the withdrawn amounts as follows:

 

   

to pay to itself or the sellers various reimbursement amounts and other amounts as provided in the servicing agreement; and

 

   

to the Note Payment Account, an amount equal to the Principal Collections and Interest Collections remaining on the business day prior to each payment date.

 

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Collection and Other Servicing Procedures; Loss Mitigation

The servicer will make reasonable efforts to collect all payments called for under the mortgage loans and will, consistent with the servicing agreement, follow such collection procedures which shall be normal and usual in its general mortgage servicing activities with respect to mortgage loans comparable to the mortgage loans. The servicer is authorized to engage in a wide variety of loss mitigation practices with respect to the mortgage loans, including waivers, modifications, payment forbearances, partial forgiveness, entering into repayment schedule arrangements, and capitalization of arrearages; provided in any case that the servicer determines that the action is not materially adverse to the interests of the noteholders and the credit enhancer and is generally consistent with the servicer’s policies with respect to similar loans; and provided further that some modifications, including reductions in the loan rate, partial forgiveness or a maturity extension, may only be taken if the mortgage loan is in default or if default is reasonably foreseeable. For mortgage loans that come into and continue in default, the servicer may take a variety of actions including foreclosure upon the mortgaged property, writing off the balance of the mortgage loan as bad debt, taking a deed in lieu of foreclosure, accepting a short sale, permitting a short refinancing, arranging for a repayment plan, modifications as described above, or taking an unsecured note. See “Description of the Securities—Servicing and Administration of Loans” in the prospectus. In making the determination, the loss that might result if the mortgage loan were liquidated would be taken into account. Any modifications may have the effect of reducing the loan rate or extending the final maturity date of the mortgage loan. Any modified mortgage loan may remain in the trust, and the reduction in collections resulting from the modification may result in reduced distributions of interest, or other amounts, on, or may extend the final maturity of, the notes. The servicer may elect to treat any mortgage loan that is 180 days or more delinquent as being finally liquidated.

In any case in which mortgaged property subject to a mortgage loan is being conveyed by the mortgagor, the servicer shall in general be obligated, to the extent it has knowledge of the conveyance, to exercise its rights to accelerate the maturity of the mortgage loan under any due-on-sale clause applicable thereto, but only if the exercise of those rights is permitted by applicable law and only to the extent it would not adversely affect or jeopardize coverage under any applicable credit enhancement arrangements. If the servicer is prevented from enforcing the due-on-sale clause under applicable law or if the servicer determines that it is reasonably likely that a legal action would be instituted by the related mortgagor to avoid enforcement of the due-on-sale clause, the servicer will enter into an assumption and modification agreement with the person to whom the property has been or is about to be conveyed, pursuant to which that person will become liable under the related mortgage note subject to certain specified conditions. The original mortgagor may be released from liability on a mortgage loan if the servicer has determined in good faith that the release will not adversely affect the ability to make full and timely collections on the related mortgage loan. Any fee collected by the servicer for entering into an assumption or substitution of liability agreement will be retained by the servicer as additional servicing compensation. In connection with any assumption, the loan rate borne by the related mortgage note may not be altered.

Mortgagors may, from time to time, request partial releases of the mortgaged properties, easements, consents to alteration or demolition and other similar matters. The servicer may approve such a request if it has determined, exercising its good faith business judgment in the same manner as it would if it were the owner of the related mortgage loan, that the approval will not adversely affect the security for, and the timely and full collectability of, the related mortgage loan, and the servicer has received an opinion of counsel that the requested act will not adversely affect the status of any REMIC as a REMIC for federal income tax purposes. Any fee collected by the servicer for processing the request will be retained by the servicer as additional servicing compensation.

The servicer, at its option and in its sole discretion, may make advances by depositing into the Custodial Account amounts representing installments of principal of and/or interest on any mortgage loan

 

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that is delinquent as of the end of the related Collection Period if the servicer believes that the advances will be recoverable from payments on, or other proceeds of, that mortgage loan. If the servicer makes any optional advances of delinquent principal and/or interest, the servicer shall be entitled to reimburse itself by withdrawing those amounts from the Custodial Account prior to any distribution of amounts on deposit therein to the noteholders.

The servicer is required to maintain a fidelity bond and errors and omissions policy with respect to its officers and employees and other persons acting on behalf of the servicer in connection with its activities under the servicing agreement.

Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses

The principal servicing compensation to be paid to the servicer in respect of its servicing activities will be equal to 0.500% per annum, based on the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans. The servicer will retain all assumption fees and late payment charges, to the extent collected from mortgagors, and any benefit which may accrue as a result of the investment of funds in the Custodial Account. In addition, as indicated in this prospectus supplement, the servicer will be entitled to reimbursements for certain expenses incurred by it in connection with liquidated mortgage loans and in connection with the restoration of mortgaged properties, as well as unpaid servicing fees in connection with liquidated mortgage loans, which rights of reimbursement and payment are prior to the rights of noteholders to receive any related liquidation proceeds, including insurance proceeds.

The following table sets forth the fees and expenses that are payable out of payments on the mortgage loans before distributions of interest and principal to the noteholders:

 

Description

  

Amount

  

Receiving Party

Servicing fee    0.500% per annum of the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans    Servicer
Credit enhancer premium    0.125% per annum of the aggregate note balance of the notes.    Credit enhancer

Realization Upon Defaulted Loans

With respect to a mortgage loan secured by a lien on a mortgaged property in default, the servicer will decide whether to foreclose upon the mortgaged property or with respect to any such mortgage loan, write off the principal balance of the mortgage loan as a bad debt or take an unsecured note, provided, however, that if the servicer has actual knowledge that any mortgaged property is affected by hazardous or toxic wastes or substances and that the acquisition of the mortgaged property would not be commercially reasonable, then the servicer shall not cause the issuing entity or the indenture trustee to acquire title to that mortgaged property in a foreclosure or similar proceeding. In connection with that decision, the servicer will, following usual practices in connection with senior and junior mortgage servicing activities or repossession and resale activities, estimate the proceeds expected to be received and the expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the foreclosure or repossession and resale to determine whether a foreclosure proceeding or a repossession and resale is appropriate. To the extent that a mortgage loan secured by a lien on a mortgaged property is junior to another lien on the related mortgaged property, following any default thereon, unless foreclosure proceeds for that mortgage loan are expected to at least satisfy the related senior mortgage loan in full and to pay foreclosure costs, it is likely that the mortgage loan will be written off as bad debt with no foreclosure proceeding. In the event that

 

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title to any mortgaged property is acquired in foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure, the deed or certificate of sale will be issued to the indenture trustee or to its nominee on behalf of the noteholders. Notwithstanding any acquisition of title and cancellation of the related mortgage loan, the REO Loan will be considered for most purposes to be an outstanding mortgage loan held in the trust until such time as the mortgage loan becomes a liquidated mortgage loan. Any income, net of expenses and fees and other than gains described below, received by the servicer on the related mortgaged property prior to its disposition will be deposited in the Custodial Account upon receipt and will be available at that time for making payments to noteholders. The foregoing is subject to the proviso that the servicer shall not be required to expend its own funds in connection with any foreclosure or attempted foreclosure which is not completed or towards the correction of any default on a related senior mortgage loan or restoration of any property unless it shall determine that the expenditure will increase the related Net Liquidation Proceeds.

With respect to a mortgage loan secured by a lien on a mortgaged property in default, the servicer may pursue foreclosure, or similar remedies, subject to any senior lien positions and certain other restrictions pertaining to junior loans concurrently with pursuing any remedy for a breach of a representation and warranty made by a seller. However, the servicer is not required to continue to pursue both remedies if it determines that one remedy is more likely to result in a greater recovery. Upon the first to occur of final liquidation and a repurchase or substitution pursuant to a breach of a representation and warranty, the related mortgage loan will be removed from the trust. The servicer may elect to treat a defaulted mortgage loan as having been finally liquidated if substantially all amounts expected to be received in connection therewith have been received. However, the servicer may continue to pursue recovery on the mortgage loans. In that case, the servicer will continue to be entitled to receive a servicing fee for that mortgage loan and any additional liquidation expenses, including a customary recovery fee, relating to that mortgage loan thereafter incurred will be reimbursable to the servicer from any amounts otherwise payable to the noteholders, or may be offset by any subsequent recovery related to that mortgage loan. Alternatively, for purposes of determining the amount of related liquidation proceeds to be paid to noteholders, the amount of any loss or the amount required to be drawn under any applicable form of credit enhancement, the servicer may take into account minimal amounts of additional receipts expected to be received, as well as estimated additional liquidation expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the defaulted mortgage loan.

As described under “—Optional Removal of Mortgage Loans or Repurchase of Defaulted Mortgage Loans,” under certain circumstances, the servicer has the option to purchase from the trust fund any mortgage loan that is in default for at least 90 days at the Repurchase Price. If a defaulted mortgage loan or REO Loan is not so removed from the trust fund, then, upon the final liquidation thereof, if a loss is realized which is not covered by any applicable form of credit enhancement or other insurance, the noteholders will bear the loss. However, if a gain results from the final liquidation of an REO Loan which is not required by law to be remitted to the related mortgagor, the servicer will be entitled to retain that gain as additional servicing compensation.

Release of Lien; Refinancing of Senior Lien

The servicing agreement permits the servicer to release the lien on the mortgaged property securing a mortgage loan under limited circumstances if the mortgage loan is current in payment. A release may be made in any case where:

 

   

the borrower simultaneously delivers a mortgage on a substitute mortgaged property, if the combined loan-to-value ratio is not increased;

 

   

in connection with a simultaneous substitution of the mortgaged property, if the combined loan-to-value ratio would be increased to not more than the lesser of (a) 125%

 

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and (b) 105% times the combined loan-to-value ratio previously in effect, if the servicer determines that appropriate compensating factors are present; or

 

   

no substitute mortgaged property is provided, causing the mortgage loan to become unsecured, subject to limitations in the servicing agreement.

At the time of the release, some terms of the mortgage loan may be modified, including a loan rate increase or a maturity extension, and the terms of the mortgage loan may be further modified in the event that the borrower subsequently delivers a mortgage on a substitute mortgaged property.

The servicer may be subject to certain restrictions under the servicing agreement with respect to the refinancing of a lien senior to a mortgage loan secured by a lien on the related mortgaged property, including in some circumstances, the requirement that after the refinancing of the senior lien the combined loan-to-value ratio is increased by no more than 10% of the original combined loan-to-value ratio. In addition, if a mortgaged property did not have a lien senior to the related mortgage loan as of the cut-off date, then the servicer may not consent to the placing of a lien senior to the mortgage loan on the related mortgaged property.

Non-Recordation of Assignments; Possession of Mortgages

Subject to the conditions described in the servicing agreement, GMAC Mortgage, LLC will not be required to record assignments of the mortgages to the indenture trustee in the real property records of the states in which the related mortgaged properties are located. In the case of mortgage loans registered in the name of MERS, assignments of mortgages will be registered electronically on the MERS® System. In the case of mortgage loans not registered in the name of MERS, GMAC Mortgage, LLC will retain record title to the mortgages on behalf of the indenture trustee and the securityholders. Although the recordation of the assignments of the mortgages in favor of the indenture trustee is not necessary to effect a transfer of the mortgage loans to the indenture trustee, if GMAC Mortgage, LLC were to sell, assign, satisfy or discharge any of those mortgage loans prior to recording the related assignment in favor of the indenture trustee, the other parties to the sale, assignment, satisfaction or discharge may have rights superior to those of the indenture trustee. In some states, including Florida and Maryland, the absence of recordation of the assignments of the mortgages, the transfer to the indenture trustee of the mortgage loans may not be effective against certain creditors or purchasers from the seller or a trustee in bankruptcy thereof. If those other parties, creditors or purchasers have rights to the mortgage loans that are superior to those of the indenture trustee, securityholders could lose the right to future payments of principal and interest to the extent that those rights are not otherwise enforceable in favor of the indenture trustee under the applicable mortgage documents.

The indenture trustee will not have physical possession of the mortgages related to the mortgage loans in the trust. Instead, GMAC Mortgage, LLC in its capacity as servicer, will retain possession of the mortgages, and the mortgages will not be stamped or otherwise marked to reflect the assignment to the depositor, then to the owner trustee and then to the indenture trustee. If a subsequent purchaser were able to take physical possession of the mortgages without knowledge of those assignments, the interests of the indenture trustee in the mortgages could be defeated. In that event, distributions to noteholders may be adversely affected.

Events of Default; Rights Upon Event of Default

A servicing default under the servicing agreement generally will include:

 

   

any failure by the servicer to deposit to the Custodial Account, Distribution Account or the Note Payment Account any required payment which continues unremedied for five

 

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(5) business days after the date upon which written notice of the failure shall have been given to the servicer by the issuing entity or the indenture trustee, or to the servicer, the issuing entity and the indenture trustee by the credit enhancer;

 

   

any failure by the servicer duly to observe or perform in any material respect any other of its covenants or agreements in the servicing agreement which continues unremedied for 45 days after the date upon which written notice of the failure shall have been given to the servicer by the Issuer or the indenture trustee, or to the servicer, the issuing entity and the indenture trustee by the credit enhancer;

 

   

certain events of insolvency, bankruptcy, readjustment of debt, marshalling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings regarding the servicer and certain actions by the servicer indicating its insolvency or inability to pay its obligations; and

 

   

certain other events relating to the servicer.

So long as a servicing default under the servicing agreement remains unremedied, either the depositor or the indenture trustee, in each case, with the consent of the credit enhancer, so long as it is not in default of its payment obligations under the Policy, or the credit enhancer, so long as it is not in default of its payment obligations under the Policy, may, by written notification to the servicer and to the issuing entity or the indenture trustee, as applicable, terminate all of the rights and obligations of the servicer under the servicing agreement, other than any right of the servicer as securityholder and other than the right to receive servicing compensation and expenses for servicing the mortgage loans during any period prior to the date of termination, and reimbursement of other amounts the servicer is entitled to withdraw from the Custodial Account, whereupon the indenture trustee, in accordance with the terms of the servicing agreement, will succeed to all responsibilities, duties and liabilities of the servicer under the servicing agreement, other than the obligation to purchase mortgage loans under certain circumstances, and will be entitled to similar compensation arrangements. In the event that the indenture trustee would be obligated to succeed the servicer but is unwilling so to act, it may appoint, or if it is unable so to act, it shall appoint, or petition a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of an approved mortgage servicing institution with a net worth of at least $10,000,000 to act as successor to the servicer under the servicing agreement; provided that any successor servicer shall be acceptable to the credit enhancer, as evidenced by the credit enhancer’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; and provided further that the appointment of any successor servicer will not result in the qualification, reduction or withdrawal of the ratings assigned to the notes by the Rating Agencies, if determined without regard to the Policy. Pending the appointment of a successor servicer, the indenture trustee is obligated to act as servicer unless prohibited by law from so acting. The indenture trustee and the successor servicer may agree upon the servicing compensation to be paid, which in no event may be greater than the compensation to the initial servicer under the servicing agreement.

Certain Matters Regarding the Servicer

The servicing agreement provides that the servicer may not resign from its obligations and duties under the servicing agreement except upon a determination that performance of its obligations and duties is no longer permissible under applicable law or except in connection with a permitted transfer of servicing. No such resignation will become effective until the indenture trustee or a successor servicer has assumed the servicer’s obligations and duties under the servicing agreement.

The servicing agreement also provides that, except as set forth below, neither the servicer nor any director, officer, employee or agent of the servicer will be under any liability to the trust or the noteholders for any action taken or for refraining from the taking of any action in good faith pursuant to the servicing agreement, or for errors in judgment; provided, however, that neither the servicer nor any

 

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such person will be protected against any liability which would otherwise be imposed by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of duties or by reason of reckless disregard of obligations and duties thereunder. The servicing agreement further provides that the servicer and any director, officer, employee or agent of the servicer is entitled to indemnification by the trust and will be held harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred in connection with any legal action relating to the servicing agreement, other than any loss, liability or expense incurred by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of duties thereunder or by reason of reckless disregard of obligations and duties thereunder. In addition, the servicing agreement provides that the servicer will not be under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any legal or administrative action that is not incidental to its respective duties under the servicing agreement and which in its opinion may involve it in any expense or liability. The servicer may, however, in its discretion undertake any action which it may deem necessary or desirable with respect to the servicing agreement and the rights and duties of the parties thereto and the interests of the noteholders thereunder. In that event, the legal expenses and costs of the action and any liability resulting from the action will be expenses, costs and liabilities of the trust and the servicer will be entitled to be reimbursed out of funds otherwise payable to noteholders.

Any person into which the servicer may be merged or consolidated, any person resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the servicer is a party or any person succeeding to the business of the servicer will be the successor of the servicer under the servicing agreement, provided that resulting entity meets the requirements set forth in the servicing agreement. In addition, notwithstanding the prohibition on its resignation, the servicer may assign its rights and delegate its duties and obligations under the servicing agreement to any person reasonably satisfactory to the credit enhancer and meeting the requirements set forth in the servicing agreement; provided, that consent to any assignment may not be unreasonably withheld. In the case of any assignment, the servicer will be released from its obligations under the servicing agreement, exclusive of liabilities and obligations incurred by it prior to the time of the assignment.

Amendment

The servicing agreement may be amended by the parties thereto, provided that any amendment be accompanied by a letter from each Rating Agency that the amendment will not result in the qualification, reduction or withdrawal of the rating then assigned to the notes, if determined without regard to the Policy, and provided further, that the consent of the credit enhancer and the indenture trustee shall be obtained.

Permitted Investments

All funds in the Custodial Account attributable to the mortgage loans must be invested in permitted investments which may not mature later than the business day before each payment date next following the date of such investment (with the exception of certain amounts held for future distribution) and which may not be sold or disposed of prior to their maturities. All income and gain realized from any such investment shall be for the benefit of the servicer as additional servicing compensation and shall be subject to its withdrawal or order from time to time. The amount of any losses incurred in respect of any such investments attributable to the investment of amounts in respect of the mortgage loans shall be deposited in the Custodial Account by the servicer out of its own funds immediately as realized without any right of reimbursement.

 

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One or more of the following obligations or securities will be considered a permitted investment:

(1) obligations of or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof when such obligations are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States;

(2) repurchase agreements on obligations specified in clause (1) above maturing not more than one month from the date of acquisition thereof; provided, that the unsecured short-term debt obligations of the party agreeing to repurchase such obligations are at the time rated by each Rating Agency in its highest short-term rating category available;

(3) federal funds, certificates of deposit, demand deposits, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances (which shall each have an original maturity of not more than 90 days and, in the case of bankers’ acceptances, shall in no event have an original maturity of more than 365 days or a remaining maturity of more than 30 days) denominated in United States dollars of any U.S. depository institution or trust company incorporated under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or of any domestic branch of a foreign depository institution or trust company; provided, that the short-term debt obligations of such depository institution or trust company (or, if the only Rating Agency is Standard & Poor’s, in the case of the principal depository institution in a depository institution holding company, debt obligations of the depository institution holding company) at the date of acquisition thereof have been rated by each Rating Agency in its highest short-term rating category available; and provided further, that if the only Rating Agency is Standard & Poor’s and if the depository or trust company is a principal subsidiary of a bank holding company and the debt obligations of such subsidiary are not separately rated, the applicable rating shall be that of the bank holding company; and provided further, that if the only Rating Agency is Standard & Poor’s and the original maturity of such short-term debt obligations of a domestic branch of a foreign depository institution or trust company shall exceed 30 days, the short-term rating of such institution shall be A-1+;

(4) commercial paper (having original maturities of not more than 365 days) of any corporation incorporated under the laws of the United States or any state thereof which on the date of acquisition has been rated by each Rating Agency in its highest short term rating category available; provided, that such commercial paper shall have a remaining maturity of not more than 30 days;

(5) a money market fund or a qualified investment fund rated by each Rating Agency in one of its two highest long-term rating categories available including any fund advised by the indenture trustee or an affiliate thereof; and

(6) other obligations or securities that are acceptable to each Rating Agency as a Permitted Investment hereunder and will not cause a Rating Event, and which are acceptable to the credit enhancer, as evidenced in writing;

provided, however, that no instrument shall be a permitted investment if it represents, either (1) the right to receive only interest payments with respect to the underlying debt instrument or (2) the right to receive both principal and interest payments derived from obligations underlying such instrument and the principal and interest payments with respect to such instrument provide a yield to maturity greater than 120% of the yield to maturity at par of such underlying obligations. References herein to the highest long-term rating category available shall mean AAA in the case of Standard & Poor’s and Aaa in the case of Moody’s, and references herein to the highest short-term rating category available shall mean A-1+ in the case of Standard & Poor’s and P-1 in the case of Moody’s.

 

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The Trust Agreement and the Indenture

The following summary describes certain terms of the trust agreement and the indenture. This summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the respective provisions of the trust agreement and the indenture. See “The Agreements” in the prospectus.

The Trust

Simultaneously with the issuance of the notes, the issuing entity will pledge the trust to the indenture trustee as collateral for the notes. As pledgee of the mortgage loans, the indenture trustee will be entitled to direct the issuing entity in the exercise of all rights and remedies of the trust against the sellers under the purchase agreement and against the servicer under the servicing agreement.

The Owner Trustee

Wilmington Trust Company is a Delaware banking corporation with trust powers incorporated in 1903. Wilmington Trust Company’s principal place of business is located at 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware, 19890. Wilmington Trust Company has served as owner trustee in numerous asset-backed securities transactions involving mortgage and mortgage-related receivables.

Wilmington Trust Company is subject to various legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Wilmington Trust Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of any of these proceedings will have a materially adverse effect on its services as owner trustee.

Wilmington Trust Company has provided the above information for purposes of complying with Reg AB. Other than the above two paragraphs, Wilmington Trust Company has not participated in the preparation of, and is not responsible for, any other information contained in this prospectus supplement.

The owner trustee’s duties and responsibilities under the trust agreement include collecting funds from the servicer to distribute to the certificateholders and effecting any optional termination of the trust.

The owner trustee as described in the indenture may also remove the indenture trustee if the indenture trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as indenture trustee under the indenture or if the indenture trustee becomes insolvent. After becoming aware of those circumstances, the owner trustee will be obligated to appoint a successor indenture trustee with the consent of the credit enhancer.

The servicer will pay to the owner trustee reasonable compensation for its services and reimburse the owner trustee for all reasonable expenses incurred or made by the owner trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of the trust agreement. The holder of the majority certificate percentage interest of the certificates has also agreed to indemnify the owner trustee for any losses and expenses incurred without negligence or willful misconduct on the owner trustee’s part arising out of the acceptance and administration of the trust.

The owner trustee may resign at any time, in which event the indenture trustee will be obligated to appoint a successor owner trustee with the consent of the credit enhancer. The indenture trustee may, and the direction of the credit enhancer will, also remove the owner trustee if the owner trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as owner trustee under the trust agreement or if the owner trustee becomes insolvent. Upon becoming aware of those circumstances, the indenture trustee will be obligated to appoint a successor owner trustee acceptable to the credit enhancer. Any resignation or removal of the owner trustee and appointment of a successor owner trustee will not become effective until acceptance of the appointment by the successor owner trustee.

 

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Any costs associated with removing and replacing an owner trustee will be paid by the servicer.

Neither the owner trustee nor any director, officer or employee of the owner trustee will be under any liability to the issuing entity or the securityholders for any action taken or for refraining from the taking of any action in good faith under the trust agreement. However, none of the owner trustee and any director, officer or employee thereof will be protected against any liability which would otherwise be imposed by reason of willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence in the performance of duties. All persons into which the owner trustee may be merged or with which it may be consolidated or any person resulting from such merger or consolidation shall be the successor of the owner trustee under the trust agreement.

The Indenture Trustee

The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. will be the indenture trustee under the indenture. The indenture trustee is a national banking association and its principal offices are located at 700 South Flower Street, Suite 500, Los Angeles, California 90017. The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. has and currently is serving as indenture trustee for numerous securitization transactions and programs involving pools of assets similar to the mortgage loans. The seller, servicer, sponsor, depositor and their affiliates may in the future engage in commercial banking transactions with the indenture trustee and its affiliates in the ordinary course of their respective business.

The indenture trustee’s duties and responsibilities under the indenture include collecting funds from the servicer to distribute to noteholders and the credit enhancer at the direction of the servicer and providing noteholders and the credit enhancer with monthly distribution statements.

Unless an event of default has occurred and is continuing under the servicing agreement, the indenture trustee will perform only such duties under the servicing agreement as are specifically set forth to be performed by it in the servicing agreement.

The indenture trustee may resign at any time, in which case the issuing entity will be obligated to appoint a successor indenture trustee as described in the indenture with the consent of the credit enhancer. The issuing entity as described in the indenture may also remove the indenture trustee if the indenture trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as indenture trustee under the indenture or if the indenture trustee becomes insolvent. After becoming aware of those circumstances, the issuing entity will be obligated to appoint a successor indenture trustee with the consent of the credit enhancer. The indenture trustee may also be removed at any time by the holders of a majority by security balance of the notes with the consent of the credit enhancer or the credit enhancer. Any resignation or removal of the indenture trustee and appointment of a successor indenture trustee will not become effective until acceptance of the appointment by the successor indenture trustee.

Any costs associated with removing and replacing an indenture trustee will be paid by the servicer.

Neither the indenture trustee nor any director, officer or employee of the indenture trustee will be under any liability to the issuing entity or the related noteholders for any action taken or for refraining from the taking of any action in good faith pursuant to the indenture. None of the indenture trustee or any director, officer or employee thereof will be protected against any liability which would otherwise be imposed by reason of willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence in the performance of duties under the

 

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indenture. All persons into which the indenture trustee may be merged or with which it may be consolidated or any person resulting from the merger or consolidation shall be the successor of the indenture trustee under the indenture.

Reports To Noteholders

The indenture trustee will, to the extent information is provided to it by the servicer pursuant to the terms of the servicing agreement, make available on its website to each holder of the notes, and each Rating Agency, the credit enhancer and the depositor, a report setting forth certain amounts relating to the notes for each payment date, including, among other things:

 

  (1) the amount of principal, if any, payable on that payment date to the holders of the notes;

 

  (2) the amount of interest payable on that payment date to the holders of the notes;

 

  (3) the aggregate Note Balance of each class of notes after giving effect to any payment of principal on that payment date;

 

  (4) the Principal Collections and Interest Collections for the related Collection Period;

 

  (5) the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans as of the end of the preceding Collection Period;

 

  (6) the balance of the Pre-Funding Account as of the end of the preceding Collection Period;

 

  (7) the balance of the Capitalized Interest Account as of the end of the preceding Collection Period;

 

  (8) the aggregate principal balance of all subsequent mortgage loans transferred pursuant to a subsequent transfer agreement since the closing date;

 

  (9) the Overcollateralization Amount as of that payment date;

 

  (10) the weighted average of the Net Loan Rates for the mortgage loans for the related Collection Period;

 

  (11) the number of mortgage loans that are delinquent or that have been foreclosed;

 

  (12) the aggregate Liquidation Loss Amounts for the related Collection Period and all Collection Periods to date;

 

  (13) the number and aggregate principal balance of delinquent mortgage loans repurchased during the related Collection Period; and

 

  (14) the amount paid, if any, under the Policy for that payment date.

In the case of information furnished pursuant to clauses (1) and (2) above, the amounts will be expressed as a dollar amount per $25,000 in face amount of notes.

The indenture trustee will make the payment date statement (and, at its option, any additional files containing the same information in an alternative format) available each month to noteholders and other parties to the servicing agreement via the indenture trustee’s internet website at “www.sfr.bankofny.com”. For purposes of any electronic version of this prospectus supplement, the preceding uniform resource locator, or URL, is an inactive textual reference only. We have taken steps to ensure that this URL reference will be inactive at the time the electronic version of this prospectus supplement is created.

 

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Certain Covenants

The indenture will provide that the issuing entity may not consolidate or merge with or into any other entity, unless:

 

  (1) the entity formed by or surviving the consolidation or merger is organized under the laws of the United States, any state or the District of Columbia;

 

  (2) the surviving entity expressly assumes, by an indenture supplemental to the indenture, the issuing entity’s obligation to make due and punctual payments upon the notes and the performance or observance of any agreement and covenant of the issuing entity under the indenture;

 

  (3) no event of default under the indenture shall have occurred and be continuing immediately after the merger or consolidation;

 

  (4) the issuing entity has received consent of the credit enhancer and has been advised that the ratings of the notes, without regard to the Policy, then in effect would not be reduced or withdrawn by any Rating Agency as a result of the merger or consolidation;

 

  (5) any action that is necessary to maintain the lien and security interest created by the indenture has been taken;

 

  (6) the issuing entity has received an opinion of counsel to the effect that the consolidation or merger would have no material adverse tax consequence to the issuing entity or to any noteholder or certificateholder; and

 

  (7) the issuing entity has delivered to the indenture trustee an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel each stating that the consolidation or merger and the supplemental indenture comply with the indenture and that all conditions precedent, as provided in the indenture, relating to the transaction have been complied with.

The issuing entity will not, among other things:

 

  (1) except as expressly permitted by the indenture, sell, transfer, exchange or otherwise dispose of any of the assets of the issuing entity;

 

  (2) claim any credit on or make any deduction from the principal and interest payable in respect of the notes, other than amounts withheld under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or applicable state law, or assert any claim against any present or former holder of notes because of the payment of taxes levied or assessed upon the issuing entity;

 

  (3) permit the validity or effectiveness of the indenture to be impaired or permit any person to be released from any covenants or obligations with respect to the notes under the indenture except as may be expressly permitted thereby; or

 

  (4) permit any lien, charge, excise, claim, security interest, mortgage or other encumbrance, other than the pledge of the trust fund to the indenture trustee in accordance with the indenture, to be created on or extend to or otherwise arise upon or burden the assets of the issuing entity or any part thereof, or any interest therein or the proceeds thereof.

The Issuer may not engage in any activity other than as specified under “The Issuer” in this prospectus supplement.

 

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Events of Default; Rights Upon Event of Default

An event of default under the indenture includes:

 

  (1) a default for five (5) days or more in the payment of any principal of or interest on any note;

 

  (2) there occurs a default in the observance or performance in any material respect of any covenant or agreement of the issuing entity made in the indenture, or any representation or warranty of the issuing entity made in the indenture or in any certificate delivered pursuant to or in connection with the indenture proving to have been incorrect in any material respect as of the time when the same shall have been made that has a material adverse effect on the noteholders or the credit enhancer, and the default shall continue or not be cured, or the circumstance or condition in respect of which the representation or warranty was incorrect shall not have been eliminated or otherwise cured, for a period of 30 days after there shall have been given, by registered or certified mail, to the issuing entity by the indenture trustee or to the issuing entity and the indenture trustee by the holders of at least 25% of the outstanding Note Balance of the notes or the credit enhancer, a written notice specifying the default or incorrect representation or warranty and requiring it to be remedied and stating that the notice is a notice of default under the indenture;

 

  (3) there occurs the filing of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of the issuing entity or any substantial part of the trust in an involuntary case under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the issuing entity or for any substantial part of the trust, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of the issuing entity’s affairs, and the decree or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or

 

  (4) there occurs the commencement by the issuing entity of a voluntary case under any applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or the consent by the issuing entity to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any such law, or the consent by the issuing entity to the appointment or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator or similar official of the issuing entity or for any substantial part of the assets of the trust, or the making by the issuing entity of any general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure by the issuing entity generally to pay its debts as those debts become due, or the taking of any action by the issuing entity in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

If an event of default with respect to the notes at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, either the indenture trustee, acting on the written direction of the credit enhancer or, if an Enhancer Default has occurred and is continuing, the holders of notes representing a majority of the aggregate Note Balance, may declare all notes to be due and payable immediately. Such declaration may, under certain circumstances, be rescinded and annulled by the credit enhancer or the holders of notes representing a majority of the aggregate Note Balance, with the written consent of the credit enhancer.

If, following an event of default with respect to the notes, the notes have been declared to be due and payable, the indenture trustee, acting on the written direction of the credit enhancer or, if an Enhancer Default has occurred and is continuing, at least 51% of the noteholders, notwithstanding any acceleration, may elect to maintain possession of the collateral securing the notes and to continue to apply payments on

 

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the collateral as if there had been no declaration of acceleration if the collateral continues to provide sufficient funds for the payment of principal of and interest on the notes as they would have become due if there had not been a declaration. The indenture trustee may not sell or otherwise liquidate the collateral securing the notes following an event of default, unless:

 

   

the credit enhancer (except if an Enhancer Default has occurred and is continuing) consents to the sale;

 

   

the proceeds of the sale or liquidation are sufficient to pay in full the principal of and accrued interest, due and unpaid, on the outstanding notes and to reimburse the credit enhancer at the date of the sale; or

 

   

the indenture trustee determines that the collateral would not be sufficient on an ongoing basis to make all payments on the notes as payments would have become due if the notes had not been declared due and payable, and the indenture trustee obtains the consent of the holders of notes representing 66 2/3% of the then aggregate Note Balance and the credit enhancer.

In the event that the indenture trustee liquidates the collateral in connection with an event of default, the indenture provides that the indenture trustee will have a prior lien on the proceeds of any liquidation for unpaid fees and expenses. As a result, upon the occurrence of an event of default, the amount available for payments to the noteholders would be less than would otherwise be the case. However, the indenture trustee may not institute a proceeding for the enforcement of its lien except in connection with a proceeding for the enforcement of the lien of the indenture for the benefit of the noteholders after the occurrence of an event of default.

In the event the principal of the notes is declared due and payable as described above, the holders of any notes issued at a discount from par may be entitled to receive no more than an amount equal to the unpaid principal amount of the related note less the amount of the discount that is unamortized.

No noteholder generally will have any right under the indenture to institute any proceeding with respect to the indenture unless:

 

  (1) the holder previously has given to the indenture trustee written notice of default and the continuance thereof;

 

  (2) the holders of any note evidencing not less than 25% of the aggregate percentage interests constituting that note:

 

   

have made written request upon the indenture trustee to institute the proceeding in its own name as indenture trustee thereunder; and

 

   

have offered to the indenture trustee reasonable indemnity;

 

  (3) the indenture trustee has neglected or refused to institute any proceeding for 60 days after receipt of the request and indemnity;

 

  (4) no direction inconsistent with the written request has been given to the indenture trustee during the 60 day period by the holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balances of that note, except as otherwise provided for in the insurance agreement with respect to the credit enhancer; and

 

  (5) an Enhancer Default shall have occurred and is continuing.

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thereto at the request, order or direction of any of the holders of the notes, unless the noteholders have offered to the indenture trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or thereby.

Amendment and Modification of Trust Agreement and Indenture

The trust agreement may be amended from time to time by the parties thereto, with the prior written consent of the credit enhancer, provided that any amendment be accompanied by an opinion of counsel addressed to the owner trustee and the credit enhancer to the effect that the amendment:

 

   

complies with the provisions of the trust agreement; and

 

   

will not cause the trust to be subject to an entity level tax.

With the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Note Balances of the notes and the credit enhancer, the issuing entity and the indenture trustee may execute a supplemental indenture to add provisions to, change in any manner or eliminate any provisions of, the indenture, or modify, except as provided below, in any manner the rights of the noteholders. However, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding note affected thereby and the credit enhancer, no supplemental indenture will:

 

  (1) change the due date of any installment of principal of or interest on any note or reduce the principal amount thereof, the interest rate specified thereon or change any place of payment where or the coin or currency in which any note or any interest thereon is payable;

 

  (2) impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of certain provisions of the indenture regarding payment;

 

  (3) reduce the percentage of the aggregate Note Balance of the outstanding notes, the consent of the holders of which is required for any supplemental indenture or the consent of the holders of which is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or of certain defaults thereunder and their consequences as provided for in the indenture;

 

  (4) modify or alter the provisions of the indenture regarding the voting of notes held by the issuing entity, the depositor or an affiliate of any of them;

 

  (5) decrease the percentage of the aggregate Note Balance required to amend the sections of the indenture which specify the applicable percentage of the Note Balance necessary to amend the indenture or certain other related agreements;

 

  (6) modify any of the provisions of the indenture in a manner as to affect the calculation of the amount of any payment of interest or principal due on any note, including the calculation of any of the individual components of such calculation; or

 

  (7) permit the creation of any lien ranking prior to or, except as otherwise contemplated by the indenture, on a parity with the lien of the indenture with respect to any of the collateral for the notes or, except as otherwise permitted or contemplated in the indenture, terminate the lien of the indenture on any collateral or deprive the holder of any note of the security afforded by the lien of the indenture.

The issuing entity and the indenture trustee may also enter into supplemental indentures, without obtaining the consent of the noteholders, but with the consent of the credit enhancer, for the purpose of, among other things, curing any ambiguity or correcting or supplementing any provision in the indenture that may be inconsistent with any other provision in the indenture.

 

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Termination; Redemption of Notes

The obligations created by the trust agreement, other than certain limited payment and notice obligations of the owner trustee and the depositor, respectively, will terminate upon the payment to the related securityholders, including the notes issued pursuant to the indenture, of all amounts held by the servicer and required to be paid to the securityholders and the payment of all amounts due and owing the credit enhancer under the insurance agreement following the earliest of:

 

   

the final distribution of all moneys or other property or proceeds of the trust in accordance with the terms of the indenture and the trust agreement and the surrender of the Policy to the credit enhancer;

 

   

the Final Payment Date; or

 

   

the purchase by the servicer of all mortgage loans pursuant to the servicing agreement. See “Description of the Securities—Maturity and Optional Redemption” in this prospectus supplement.

The indenture will be discharged, except with respect to certain continuing rights specified in the indenture, upon the distribution to noteholders of all amounts required to be distributed pursuant to the indenture including, for so long as the notes are outstanding, all amounts payable under the Policy.

Certain Matters Regarding the Indenture Trustee and the Issuer

Neither the indenture trustee nor any director, officer or employee of the indenture trustee will be under any liability to the issuing entity or the noteholders for any action taken or for refraining from the taking of any action in good faith pursuant to the indenture or for errors in judgment; provided, however, that none of the indenture trustee and any director, officer or employee thereof will be protected against any liability which would otherwise be imposed by reason of willful malfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of duties or by reason of reckless disregard of obligations and duties under the indenture. Subject to certain limitations set forth in the indenture, the indenture trustee and any director, officer, employee or agent of the indenture trustee will be indemnified by the issuing entity and held harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred in connection with investigating, preparing to defend or defending any legal action, commenced or threatened, relating to the indenture or any other transaction document other than any loss, liability or expense incurred by reason of willful malfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties under the indenture or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the indenture. All persons into which the indenture trustee may be merged or with which it may be consolidated or any person resulting from any merger or consolidation will be the successor of the indenture trustee under the indenture.

Custodial Arrangements

The indenture trustee will be directed to appoint GMAC Bank, an affiliate of GMAC Mortgage, LLC, to serve as custodian of the mortgage notes. The custodian is an affiliate of the depositor, the servicer and the sponsor. The servicer will not have any custodial responsibility for the mortgage notes. The custodian will maintain mortgage loan files that contain the collateral documents delivered by the seller in vaults located in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania and Waterloo, Iowa. Only the custodian has access to these vaults. The custodian electronically tracks the location of each mortgage loan file.

 

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Legal Proceedings

There are no material pending legal or other proceedings involving the mortgage loans or GMAC Mortgage, LLC, as sponsor, servicer or originator, Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc., as depositor, the Trust as the issuing entity, or other parties described in Item 1117 of Regulation AB promulgated by the Commission, that, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse impact on investors in the notes.

GMAC Mortgage, LLC is currently a party to various legal proceedings arising from time to time in the ordinary course of its businesses, some of which purport to be class actions. Based on information currently available, it is the opinion of GMAC Mortgage, LLC that the eventual outcome of any currently pending legal proceeding, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on their ability to perform their obligations in relation to the mortgage loans. No assurance, however, can be given that the final outcome of these legal proceedings, if unfavorable, either individually or in the aggregate, would not have a material adverse impact on GMAC Mortgage, LLC. Any such unfavorable outcome could adversely affect the ability of GMAC Mortgage, LLC to perform its servicing duties with respect to the mortgage loans and potentially lead to the replacement of GMAC Mortgage, LLC with a successor servicer.

Certain Legal Considerations

Approximately 71.44% of the initial mortgage loans (by aggregate principal balance as of the cut off date) were initially originated or acquired by GMAC Bank, and subsequently sold to GMAC Mortgage, LLC. GMAC Bank is a Utah industrial bank whose deposits are insured to the applicable limits by the FDIC. If GMAC Bank were to become insolvent, the FDIC could act as conservator and, if a receiver were appointed, would act as a receiver for GMAC Bank. As receiver, the FDIC would have broad powers to repudiate contracts to which GMAC Bank was or is a party to if the FDIC determined that the contracts were burdensome and that repudiation would promote the orderly administration of GMAC Bank’s affairs. Moreover, no agreement tending to diminish or defeat the FDIC’s interest in an asset acquired from GMAC Bank would be enforceable against the FDIC unless the agreement meets specified legal requirements.

Although the FDIC has adopted a rule stating that it will not use its repudiation power to reclaim, recover or recharacterize as property of an FDIC insured bank any financial assets transferred by the bank in connection with certain securitization transactions, it is not clear that the transfers of the mortgage loans from GMAC Bank would enjoy the benefit of such rule. If the FDIC were to assert that the rule does not apply to these transfers of mortgage loans by GMAC Bank or that these transfers do not comply with certain banking laws, collections on those mortgage loans may be delayed or reduced, thereby potentially delaying or decreasing payments on the certificates.

Use of Proceeds

The proceeds from the sale of the notes will be used, together with the transfer of the certificates to the seller, to purchase the mortgage loans from the depositor and, subsequently, to purchase certain subsequent mortgage loans as described in this prospectus supplement.

 

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Material Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following is a general discussion of anticipated material federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the notes offered under this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. This discussion has been prepared with the advice of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP as counsel to the depositor. Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP will render an opinion on the closing date to the effect that, assuming compliance with all provisions of the indenture, the trust agreement and the servicing agreement, for federal income tax purposes, the electing portions of the trust will qualify as one or more REMICs, exclusive of the yield maintenance agreement, under the Internal Revenue Code.

For federal income tax purposes, the Class R Certificates will represent the sole class of “residual interests” in each REMIC. Each class of notes will represent ownership of “regular interests” in a REMIC, will generally be treated as debt instruments of a REMIC and will also represent the right to receive payments in respect of Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of the Class A-1 Notes, an ownership interest in the yield maintenance agreement (which is an interest rate cap agreement). Holders will be required to report all interest and original issue discount on the notes using an accrual method of accounting regardless of their regular method of accounting. The notes will be accorded the treatment described herein and in “Material Federal Income Tax Consequences—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates” in the Prospectus. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the prospectus.

For federal income tax purposes, the notes may be treated as having been issued with original issue discount. The prepayment assumption that will be used in determining the rate of accrual of original issue discount, market discount and premium, if any, for federal income tax purposes will be based on the assumption that, subsequent to the date of any determination, the mortgage loans will prepay at 100% PPC. No representation is made that the mortgage loans will prepay at that rate or at any other rate. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations—General” and “—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Notes—Original Issue Discount” in the prospectus.

If the method for computing original issue discount described in the prospectus results in a negative amount for any period with respect to a noteholder, the amount of original issue discount allocable to that period would be zero and the noteholder will be permitted to offset that negative amount only against future original issue discount, if any, attributable to those notes.

Purchasers of the notes should be aware that Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code and the OID Regulations do not adequately address certain issues relevant to, or applicable to, prepayable securities bearing a variable rate of interest such as the notes. In the absence of other authority, the trustee intends to be guided by certain principles of the OID Regulations applicable to variable rate debt instruments in determining whether such notes should be treated as issued with original issue discount and in adapting the provisions of Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code to such notes for the purpose of preparing reports furnished to Noteholders and the IRS. Because of the uncertainties concerning the application of Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code to such notes and because the rules relating to debt instruments having a variable rate of interest are limited in their application in ways that could preclude their application to such notes even in the absence of Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code, the IRS could assert that the notes should be governed by some other method not yet set forth in regulations or should be treated as having been issued with original issue discount. Prospective purchasers of the notes are advised to consult their tax advisors concerning the tax treatment of such notes. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates—Original Issue Discount” in the Prospectus.

In some circumstances the OID regulations permit the holder of a debt instrument to recognize original issue discount under a method that differs from that used by the issuer. Accordingly, it is possible that the holder of a note may be able to select a method for recognizing original issue discount that differs from that used by the trustee in preparing reports to the noteholders and the Internal Revenue Service.

 

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Some of the classes of notes may be treated for federal income tax purposes as having been issued at a premium. Whether any holder of one of those classes of notes will be treated as holding a note with amortizable bond premium will depend on the noteholder’s purchase price and the distributions remaining to be made on the note at the time of its acquisition by the noteholder. Holders of those classes of notes should consult their tax advisors regarding the possibility of making an election to amortize such premium. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Notes” in the prospectus.

Each noteholder is deemed to own an undivided beneficial ownership interest in a REMIC regular interest, a right to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of a Class A-1 Note, an interest in the yield maintenance agreement. The treatment of amounts received by a noteholder under such noteholder’s right to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of a Class A-1 Note, under the yield maintenance agreement, will depend on the portion, if any, of such noteholder’s purchase price allocable thereto. Under the REMIC regulations, each noteholder must allocate its purchase price for its note between its undivided interest in the REMIC regular interest and its undivided interest in the right to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of a Class A-1 Note, under the yield maintenance agreement, in accordance with the relative fair market value of each property right. Such allocations will be used for, among other things, purposes of computing any original issue discount, market discount or premium, as well as for determining gain or loss upon disposition. The indenture trustee intends to treat distributions made to the noteholders with respect to payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of a Class A-1 Note, under the yield maintenance agreement, as includible in income based on, and the purchase price allocated thereto may be amortized in accordance with, the tax regulations relating to notional principal contracts. In the case of non-corporate noteholders, the amortization of the purchase price may be subject to limitations as an itemized deduction, and may not be useable at all if the taxpayer is subject to the alternative minimum tax. However, regulations have been proposed that modify the taxation of notional principal contracts that contain contingent nonperiodic payments. As the application of such regulations (i.e., whether they apply, and if so, how they apply) are, at this time, unclear, noteholders should consult with their own tax advisors with respect to the proper treatment of their rights to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of the Class A-1 Notes, under the yield maintenance agreement. The OID regulations provide that the trust’s allocation of the issue price of the REMIC regular interest component of the notes is binding on all holders unless the holder explicitly discloses on its tax return that its allocation is different from the trust’s allocation.

Under the REMIC regulations, the indenture trustee is required to account for the REMIC regular interest component of the notes and the right to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of Class A-1 Note, under the yield maintenance agreement, as discrete property rights. It is possible that the right to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of the Class A-1 Notes, under the yield maintenance agreement, could be treated as a partnership among the holders of a notes and the certificates, or the holders of the Class A-1 Notes and the certificates, as applicable, in which case noteholders or the Class A-1 noteholders, as applicable, would be subject to potentially different timing of income and foreign holders of the notes or the Class A-1 Notes, as applicable, could be subject to withholding in respect of any payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts or under the yield maintenance agreement, as applicable. Noteholders are advised to consult their own tax advisors regarding the allocation of issue price, timing, character and source of income and deductions resulting from the ownership of their notes. Treasury regulations have been promulgated under Section 1275 of the Internal Revenue Code generally providing for the integration of a “qualifying debt instrument” with a hedge if the combined cash flows of the components

 

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are substantially equivalent to the cash flows on a variable rate debt instrument. However, such regulations specifically disallow integration of debt instruments subject to Section 1272(a)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code. Therefore, noteholders will be unable to use the integration method provided for under such regulations with respect to the notes.

To the extent that the right to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts or under the yield maintenance agreement, as applicable, is characterized as a “notional principal contract” for federal income tax purposes, upon the sale of note or a Class A-1 Note, as applicable, the amount of the sale allocated to the selling noteholder’s right to receive such payment would be considered a “termination payment” under the notional principal contract regulations allocable to the related note. A noteholder would have gain or loss from such a termination of the right to receive such payments equal to (i) any termination payment it received or is deemed to have received minus (ii) the unamortized portion of any amount paid, or deemed paid, by the noteholder upon entering into or acquiring its interest in the right to receive such payments.

Gain or loss realized upon the termination of the right to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts or under the yield maintenance agreement, as applicable, will generally be treated as capital gain or loss. Moreover, in the case of a bank or thrift institution, Internal Revenue Code Section 582(c) would likely not apply to treat such gain or loss as ordinary.

As noted above, each noteholder will be required to allocate a portion of the purchase price paid for its note to the right to receive payments with respect to Interest Carry Forward Amounts and, in the case of a Class A-1 Note, under the yield maintenance agreement. The value of the rights to receive any such payments is a question of fact which could be subject to differing interpretations. Because the rights to receive such payments are treated as separate rights of the notes not payable by any REMIC, such rights will not be treated as qualifying assets for any such noteholder that is a mutual savings bank, domestic building and loan association, real estate investment trust, or real estate mortgage investment conduit and any amounts received in respect thereof will not be qualifying real estate income for real estate investment trusts.

The REMIC regular interest components of the notes will be treated as assets described in Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code and “real estate assets” under Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code generally in the same proportion that the assets of the trust would be so treated. In addition, interest on the REMIC regular interest components of the notes will be treated as “interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property” under Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code generally to the extent that such components are treated as “real estate assets” under Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code. Moreover, the REMIC regular interest components of the notes will be “qualified mortgages” within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code if transferred to another REMIC on its startup day in exchange for a regular or residual interest therein. However, any rights to payments of Interest Carry Forward Amounts or under the yield maintenance agreement, if applicable, of each note will not qualify as an asset described in Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code, as a real estate asset under Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code or as a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Further, prospective investors in notes should note that any repurchase of a note pursuant to the right of the servicer to repurchase the notes may adversely affect any REMIC that holds the notes if the repurchase is made under circumstances giving rise to a Prohibited Transaction Tax. See “Description of the Securities—Maturity and Optional Redemption” in this prospectus supplement and “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations—Classification of REMICs” in the prospectus. As a result, the offered notes generally may not be a suitable investment for a REMIC.

 

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Penalty Protection. If penalties were asserted against purchasers of the notes offered hereunder in respect of their treatment of the notes for tax purposes, the summary of tax considerations contained, and the opinions stated, herein and in the prospectus may not meet the conditions necessary for purchasers’ reliance on that summary and those opinions to exculpate them from the asserted penalties.

For further information regarding federal income tax considerations of investing in the notes, see “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” in the prospectus.

State and Other Tax Consequences

In addition to the federal income tax consequences described in “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations,” potential investors should consider the state and local tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the notes offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. State tax law may differ substantially from the corresponding federal tax law, and the discussion above does not purport to describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state or other jurisdiction. Therefore, prospective investors should consult their tax advisors about the various tax consequences of investments in the notes offered by this prospectus.

ERISA Considerations

The notes are eligible for purchase by any Plan. Any fiduciary or other investor of Plan assets that proposes to acquire or hold the notes on behalf of or with assets of any Plan should consult with its counsel with respect to the potential applicability of the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to the proposed investment. See “ERISA Considerations” in the prospectus.

Each purchaser of a note, by its acceptance of the note, shall be deemed to have represented that the acquisition and holding of the note by the purchaser does not constitute or give rise to a prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for which no statutory, regulatory or administrative exemption is available. See “ERISA Considerations” in the prospectus.

The notes may not be purchased with the assets of a Plan if the underwriters, the depositor, the servicer, the indenture trustee, the owner trustee, the credit enhancer or any of their affiliates:

 

   

has investment or administrative discretion with respect to the Plan assets;

 

   

has authority or responsibility to give, or regularly gives, investment advice regarding the Plan assets, for a fee and under an agreement or understanding that the advice will serve as a primary basis for investment decisions regarding the Plan assets and will be based on the particular investment needs for the Plan; or

 

   

unless United States Department of Labor (“DOL”) Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption 90-1, 91-38 or 95-60 applies, is an employer maintaining or contributing to the Plan.

On January 5, 2000, the DOL published final regulations under Section 401(c) of ERISA. The final 401(c) Regulations took effect on July 5, 2001.

The sale of any of the notes to a Plan is in no respect a representation by the issuing entity or the underwriters that the investment meets all relevant legal requirements with respect to investments by Plans generally or any particular Plan, or that the investment is appropriate for Plans generally or any particular Plan.

 

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Legal Investment

The notes will not constitute “mortgage related securities” for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended. Accordingly, many institutions with legal authority to invest in mortgage-related securities may not be legally authorized to invest in the notes. No representation is made herein as to whether the notes constitute legal investments for any entity under any applicable statute, law, rule, regulation or order. Prospective purchasers are urged to consult with their counsel concerning the status of the notes as legal investments for such purchasers prior to investing in the notes. See “Legal Investment Matters” in the prospectus.

 

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Underwriting

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement, dated June 27, 2007, the underwriters listed below have severally agreed to purchase, and the depositor has agreed to sell to each underwriter, the principal amount of notes opposite its name in the table below:

 

     Residential
Funding
Securities, LLC
   Greenwich Capital
Markets, Inc.
   Bear, Stearns
& Co. Inc.
   Total

Class A-1 Notes

   $ 195,538,000    $ 195,538,000    $ 97,769,000    $ 488,845,000

Class A-2 Notes

   $ 68,327,200    $ 68,327,200    $ 34,163,600    $ 170,818,000

Class A-3 Notes

   $ 87,810,400    $ 87,810,400    $ 43,905,200    $ 219,526,000

Class A-4 Notes

   $ 69,493,600    $ 69,493,600    $ 34,746,800    $ 173,734,000

Class A-5 Notes

   $ 25,549,200    $ 25,549,200    $ 12,774,600    $ 63,873,000

Class A-6 Notes

   $ 49,635,200    $ 49,635,200    $ 24,817,600    $ 124,088,000

The distribution of the notes by the underwriters may be effected from time to time in one or more negotiated transactions or otherwise, at varying prices to be determined at the time of sale. Proceeds to the depositor from the sale of the notes, before deducting expenses payable by the depositor, will be approximately 99.75% of the aggregate Note Balance as of the closing date.

The depositor has agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

The underwriters intend to make a secondary market in the notes, but have no obligation to do so. There can be no assurance that a secondary market for the notes will develop, or if it does develop, that it will provide holders of the notes with liquidity of investment at any particular time or for the life of the notes. The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.

Upon receipt of a request by an investor who has received an electronic prospectus supplement and prospectus from either underwriter or a request by that investor’s representative within the period during which there is an obligation to deliver a prospectus supplement and prospectus, the depositor or the applicable underwriter will promptly deliver, or cause to be delivered, without charge, a paper copy of the prospectus supplement and prospectus.

Until 90 days from the date of this prospectus supplement, all dealers effecting transactions in the notes, whether or not participating in this distribution, may be required to deliver a prospectus supplement and prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus supplement and prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

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Residential Funding Securities, LLC, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of the sponsor and the depositor. Residential Funding Securities, LLC is also known as GMAC RFC Securities.

Experts

The consolidated financial statements of Financial Guaranty Insurance Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2006 appearing in the Form 8-K of the depositor, which are incorporated by reference, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon included therein and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

Legal Matters

Certain legal matters with respect to the notes will be passed upon for the depositor and Residential Funding Securities, LLC by Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, Los Angeles, California and for Greenwich Capital Markets, Inc. and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. by Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP, New York, New York.

Ratings

It is a condition to the issuance of the notes that they be rated “Aaa” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., or Moody’s and “AAA” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., or Standard & Poor’s. The depositor has not requested a rating on the notes by any rating agency other than Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. However, there can be no assurance as to whether any other rating agency will rate the notes or, if it does, what rating would be assigned by any other rating agency. Any rating on the notes by another rating agency could be lower than the ratings assigned to the notes by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. A securities rating addresses the likelihood of the receipt by the holders of the notes of distributions on the mortgage loans. The rating by Moody’s does not address the effect of any Relief Act Shortfalls on amounts available to pay noteholders or any corresponding effect on the yield to investors. The ratings on the notes do not constitute statements regarding the possibility that the holders of the notes might realize a lower than anticipated yield. A securities rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization. Each securities rating should be evaluated independently of similar ratings on different securities. A security rating does not address the payment of any Interest Carry Forward Amount, Relief Act Shortfall or amounts due under the yield maintenance agreement.

The rating agencies have stated that it is their standard policy to monitor ratings on publicly offered securities for which a rating has been provided, as to each rating agency rating the notes in accordance with the rating agencies’ particular surveillance policies, unless the issuing entity requests a rating without surveillance. A rating agency will monitor the rating it issues on an ongoing basis and may update the rating after conducting its regular review of the issuing entity’s creditworthiness or after conducting a review of the status of the rating upon becoming aware of any information that might reasonably be expected to result in a change of rating. The depositor has not requested that any rating agency not monitor their ratings of the notes, and the depositor has not requested that any rating agency use any monitoring procedures other than their standard monitoring procedures.

 

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The fees paid by the depositor to the rating agencies at closing include a fee for ongoing surveillance by the rating agencies for so long as any notes are outstanding. However, the rating agencies are under no obligation to the depositor to continue to monitor or provide a rating on the notes.

 

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ANNEX I

Set forth below is a description of certain additional characteristics of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date. Unless otherwise specified, all principal balances of the initial HELs are as of the cut-off date and are rounded to the nearest dollar. Except as indicated otherwise, all percentages are approximate percentages by aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date. Entries in the tables may not add to 100.00% due to rounding.

Original Principal Balances

 

Range of Original Principal Balances ($)

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

Less than 25,000

  2,337   $ 42,903,892.59   4.47 %

25,000 to 49,999

  7,993     275,460,218.36   28.68  

50,000 to 74,999

  3,906     228,843,392.26   23.83  

75,000 to 99,999

  1,702     142,408,587.14   14.83  

100,000 to 124,999

  917     98,587,719.23   10.26  

125,000 to 149,999

  377     50,322,556.22   5.24  

150,000 to 174,999

  259     40,770,107.63   4.24  

175,000 to 199,999

  137     25,560,751.76   2.66  

200,000 to 224,999

  103     20,889,097.49   2.17  

225,000 to 249,999

  36     8,460,280.06   0.88  

250,000 to 274,999

  30     7,706,317.49   0.80  

275,000 to 299,999

  15     4,237,035.44   0.44  

300,000 to 324,999

  17     5,171,386.49   0.54  

325,000 to 349,999

  3     973,666.67   0.10  

350,000 to 374,999

  5     1,780,141.31   0.19  

375,000 to 399,999

  4     1,550,755.75   0.16  

400,000 to 424,999

  6     2,412,221.95   0.25  

425,000 to 449,999

  2     849,553.11   0.09  

450,000 to 474,999

  1     460,000.00   0.05  

475,000 to 499,999

  1     494,900.00   0.05  

575,000 to 599,999

  1     594,073.26   0.06  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Ÿ The average original principal balance of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date is approximately $53,920.32.

 

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Outstanding Principal Balances

 

Range of Outstanding Principal Balances ($)

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

Less than 25,000

  2,789   $ 53,960,968.50   5.62 %

25,000 to 49,999

  7,823     278,190,096.21   28.96  

50,000 to 74,999

  3,709     221,249,608.64   23.04  

75,000 to 99,999

  1,737     148,056,208.57   15.42  

100,000 to 124,999

  830     90,682,106.39   9.44  

125,000 to 149,999

  375     50,849,267.86   5.29  

150,000 to 174,999

  240     38,230,484.86   3.98  

175,000 to 199,999

  146     27,629,641.86   2.88  

200,000 to 224,999

  83     17,122,521.75   1.78  

225,000 to 249,999

  40     9,482,193.79   0.99  

250,000 to 274,999

  26     6,732,948.17   0.70  

275,000 to 299,999

  18     5,162,407.01   0.54  

300,000 to 324,999

  14     4,296,555.22   0.45  

325,000 to 349,999

  4     1,344,041.31   0.14  

350,000 to 374,999

  3     1,086,100.00   0.11  

375,000 to 399,999

  6     2,348,292.38   0.24  

400,000 to 424,999

  5     2,039,238.43   0.21  

425,000 to 449,999

  1     425,000.00   0.04  

450,000 to 474,999

  1     460,000.00   0.05  

475,000 to 499,999

  1     494,900.00   0.05  

575,000 to 599,999

  1     594,073.26   0.06  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Ÿ The average outstanding principal balance of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date is approximately $53,799.95.

Mortgage Loan Rates

 

Range of Loan Rates (%)

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

5.001 to 5.500

  9   $ 1,230,702.18   0.13 %

5.501 to 6.000

  77     7,958,636.55   0.83  

6.001 to 6.500

  254     27,025,626.79   2.81  

6.501 to 7.000

  589     47,385,017.14   4.93  

7.001 to 7.500

  985     71,882,028.70   7.48  

7.501 to 8.000

  3,259     175,554,235.37   18.28  

8.001 to 8.500

  3,611     183,212,451.76   19.08  

8.501 to 9.000

  1,880     95,549,306.47   9.95  

9.001 to 9.500

  1,652     88,135,425.75   9.18  

9.501 to 10.000

  1,420     69,396,135.54   7.23  

10.001 to 10.500

  881     43,728,682.55   4.55  

10.501 to 11.000

  988     47,782,966.86   4.98  

11.001 to 11.500

  690     32,965,676.87   3.43  

11.501 to 12.000

  601     28,756,483.49   2.99  

12.001 to 12.500

  324     14,443,188.18   1.50  

12.501 to 13.000

  204     9,117,629.27   0.95  

13.001 to 13.500

  234     9,049,512.35   0.94  

13.501 to 14.000

  145     5,550,675.93   0.58  

14.001 to 14.500

  39     1,288,641.07   0.13  

14.501 to 15.000

  6     195,974.77   0.02  

15.001 to 15.500

  3     211,474.85   0.02  

15.501 to 16.000

  1     16,181.77   0.00 *
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Ÿ The weighted average loan rate of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date is approximately 8.825%.
* Indicates a number less than 0.005% but greater than 0.000%.

 

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Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios

 

Range of Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios (%)

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

40.00 or less

  1,089   $ 52,137,644.01   5.43 %

40.01 to 45.00

  310     15,758,982.82   1.64  

45.01 to 50.00

  364     18,913,285.84   1.97  

50.01 to 55.00

  476     26,611,249.44   2.77  

55.01 to 60.00

  557     32,133,405.23   3.35  

60.01 to 65.00

  656     38,593,006.68   4.02  

65.01 to 70.00

  863     53,570,854.16   5.58  

70.01 to 75.00

  842     49,664,532.53   5.17  

75.01 to 80.00

  1,606     96,519,217.82   10.05  

80.01 to 85.00

  1,269     61,431,921.27   6.40  

85.01 to 90.00

  3,311     157,055,457.02   16.35  

90.01 to 95.00

  2,737     148,495,505.61   15.46  

95.01 to 100.00

  3,772     209,551,591.78   21.82  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Ÿ The minimum and maximum combined loan-to-value ratios of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date are approximately 1.82% and 100.00%, respectively, and the weighted average combined loan-to-value ratio of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date is approximately 80.52%.

Property Type

 

Property Type

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

Single Family

  14,436   $ 783,308,505.38   81.56 %

Planned Unit Development

  1,917     104,062,210.17   10.83  

Condominium

  1,125     52,046,646.85   5.42  

Two Family to Four Family

  345     19,960,125.33   2.08  

Townhouse

  29     1,059,166.48   0.11  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Loan Purpose

 

Loan Purpose

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

Cash Out Refinance

  7,914   $ 439,133,429.75   45.72 %

Debt Consolidation

  3,857     215,327,694.10   22.42  

Purchase

  3,742     178,087,746.58   18.54  

Rate/Term Refinance

  1,356     74,821,767.16   7.79  

Home Improvement

  977     52,768,154.44   5.49  

Education

  6     297,862.18   0.03  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

 

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Occupancy Status

 

Occupancy Status

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
 

Percentage of Initial

HELs by Cut-Off Date

Principal Balance

 

Primary Residence

  16,830   $ 916,344,358.85   95.41 %

Investment Property

  709     27,595,618.01   2.87  

Second Home

  313     16,496,677.35   1.72  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Origination Year

 

Origination Year

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
 

Percentage of Initial

HELs by Cut-Off Date

Principal Balance

 

2000

  3   $ 60,028.47   0.01 %

2001

  2     76,115.45   0.01  

2003

  3     70,721.38   0.01  

2004

  3     79,437.31   0.01  

2005

  5     166,270.92   0.02  

2006

  257     14,298,433.42   1.49  

2007

  17,579     945,685,647.26   98.46  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Original Term to Scheduled Maturity

 

Range of Months

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
 

Percentage of Initial

HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance

 

1 to 60

  134   $ 4,089,171.35   0.43 %

61 to 120

  520     18,426,457.82   1.92  

121 to 180

  11,091     571,074,526.82   59.46  

181 to 240

  450     26,569,630.41   2.77  

241 to 300

  5,358     324,219,085.55   33.76  

301 to 360

  299     16,057,782.26   1.67  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

   

The weighted average original term to scheduled maturity of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date is approximately 224 months.

 

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Remaining Term to Scheduled Maturity

 

Range of Months

   Number of Initial HELs    Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
   Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

1 to 60

   134    $ 4,089,171.35    0.43 %

61 to 120

   521      18,439,035.67    1.92  

121 to 180

   11,090      571,061,948.97    59.46  

181 to 240

   454      26,693,196.48    2.78  

241 to 300

   5,354      324,095,519.48    33.74  

301 to 360

   299      16,057,782.26    1.67  
                  

Total

   17,852    $ 960,436,654.21    100.00 %
                  

Ÿ The weighted average remaining term to scheduled maturity of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date is approximately 223 months.

Geographical Distribution

 

State

   Number of Initial HELs    Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
   Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

California

   2,713    $ 196,816,998.94    20.49 %

Florida

   1,059      57,659,528.71    6.00  

New Jersey

   752      47,329,285.01    4.93  

Virginia

   652      39,794,764.20    4.14  

New York

   610      37,005,185.04    3.85  

Michigan

   896      36,590,761.62    3.81  

Texas

   868      35,798,590.60    3.73  

Arizona

   645      34,783,760.62    3.62  

Massachusetts

   577      34,608,733.31    3.60  

Washington

   551      32,201,772.86    3.35  

Illinois

   641      32,180,646.37    3.35  

Maryland

   457      28,467,586.50    2.96  

Pennsylvania

   570      27,250,216.85    2.84  

Colorado

   539      27,126,000.05    2.82  

Georgia

   463      21,190,116.66    2.21  

Other

   5,859      271,632,706.87    28.28  
                  

Total

   17,852    $ 960,436,654.21    100.00 %
                  

Ÿ “Other” includes states and the District of Columbia with under 2.00% concentrations individually.

 

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Table of Contents

Documentation Type

 

Documentation Type

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

Standard

  9,734   $ 489,014,515.89   50.92 %

AAA

  3,696     242,160,111.15   25.21  

Full / Alt

  1,319     65,876,021.55   6.86  

Stated Income / Easy Doc

  1,135     57,312,632.09   5.97  

Family First Direct

  441     21,590,561.80   2.25  

Stated Income / Stated Asset

  382     21,076,648.71   2.19  

Stated Income / Verified Asset

  187     14,709,071.73   1.53  

Relocation

  234     11,049,792.50   1.15  

One Paystub

  160     6,668,711.45   0.69  

No Income / No Appraisal

  117     6,644,505.55   0.69  

Select

  62     5,465,740.11   0.57  

Lite Doc

  100     4,878,308.89   0.51  

Go Fast

  137     4,843,942.20   0.50  

Fast Doc / Reduced

  64     4,704,711.51   0.49  

No Income Verification

  32     1,752,732.15   0.18  

No Ratio / No Stated Income

  23     1,273,734.35   0.13  

No Doc

  16     805,440.14   0.08  

GM Expanded Family

  9     441,276.08   0.05  

No Income / No Asset

  2     79,496.36   0.01  

Express

  1     67,500.00   0.01  

Super Express

  1     21,200.00   0.00 *
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

* Indicates a number less than 0.005% but greater than 0.000%.

Debt-to-Income Ratios

 

Range of Debt-to-Income Ratios (%)

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

10.00 or less

  108   $ 5,357,618.51   0.56 %

10.01 to 20.00

  577     27,685,394.88   2.88  

20.01 to 30.00

  2,717     134,187,579.62   13.97  

30.01 to 40.00

  5,957     315,861,405.35   32.89  

40.01 to 50.00

  7,201     401,229,206.99   41.78  

50.01 to 60.00

  1,265     74,398,442.86   7.75  

60.01 to 70.00

  23     1,395,543.60   0.15  

70.01 to 80.00

  4     321,462.40   0.03  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Ÿ The non-zero weighted average debt-to-income ratio of the initial HELs as of the cut-off date is approximately 38.84%.

 

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Table of Contents

Credit Scores

 

Range of Credit Scores

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

521 to 540

  1   $ 58,687.44   0.01 %

561 to 580

  11     411,456.04   0.04  

581 to 600

  254     8,899,131.98   0.93  

601 to 620

  448     17,319,257.06   1.80  

621 to 640

  919     40,113,588.27   4.18  

641 to 660

  1,308     63,787,905.86   6.64  

661 to 680

  1,853     100,374,548.20   10.45  

681 to 700

  2,333     132,551,920.33   13.80  

701 to 720

  2,224     127,624,210.93   13.29  

721 to 740

  2,182     127,579,722.77   13.28  

741 to 760

  2,111     119,194,777.83   12.41  

761 to 780

  1,997     105,087,267.62   10.94  

781 to 800

  1,557     82,821,679.45   8.62  

801 or greater

  649     34,350,906.60   3.58  

Not Available

  5     261,593.83   0.03  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Ÿ The non-zero weighted average credit score of the initial HEL mortgage loans as of the cut-off date is approximately 718.

Lien Priority

 

Lien Position

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

Second

  16,941   $ 908,891,223.48   94.63 %

First

  911     51,545,430.73   5.37  
               

Total

  17,852   $ 960,436,654.21   100.00 %
               

Junior Ratios

 

Range of Junior Ratios (%)

  Number of Initial HELs   Cut-off Date
Principal Balance
  Percentage of Initial
HELs by Cut-Off Date
Principal Balance
 

10.00 or less

  1,208   $ 29,934,960.06   3.29 %

10.01 to 20.00

  8,210     354,060,962.35   38.96  

20.01 to 30.00

  4,088     233,656,934.78   25.71  

30.01 to 40.00

  1,991     147,305,231.26   16.21  

40.01 to 50.00

  876     81,715,643.98   8.99  

50.01 to 60.00

  347     37,764,595.84   4.16  

60.01 to 70.00

  117     14,463,715.32   1.59  

70.01 to 80.00

  53     5,474,046.80   0.60  

80.01 to 90.00

  35     3,152,767.19   0.35  

90.01 to 100.00

  16     1,362,365.90   0.15  
               

Total

  16,941   $ 908,891,223.48   100.00 %
               

Ÿ The junior ratio of a mortgage loan is the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the outstanding principal balance of such mortgage loan to the sum of such outstanding principal balance and the outstanding balance of any senior mortgage loan computed as of the date that mortgage loan is underwritten.
Ÿ The weighted average junior ratio of the initial HELs that are secured by second liens on the mortgaged properties as of the cut-off date is approximately 26.68%.
Ÿ Includes only the initial HELs secured by second liens.

 

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Table of Contents

Prospectus

Mortgage Asset-Backed Pass-Through Certificates and

Asset -Backed Notes

Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc.

Depositor

Residential Funding Company, LLC

Sponsor

The depositor may periodically form separate trusts to issue securities in series, secured by assets of that trust.

Offered Securities The securities in a series will consist of certificates or notes representing interests in a trust and will be paid only from the assets of that trust. The securities will not represent interests in or obligations of Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc., Residential Funding Company, LLC or any of their affiliates. Each series may include multiple classes of securities with differing payment terms and priorities. Credit enhancement will be provided for all offered securities.

 

Trust Assets    Each trust will consist primarily of:
  

•        mortgage loans secured by first or junior liens on one- to four-family residential properties;

  

•        mortgage loans secured by multifamily residential rental properties consisting of five or more dwelling units;

  

•        mortgage loans secured by first or junior liens on mixed-use properties;

  

•        home equity revolving lines of credit secured by first or junior liens on one- to four-family residential properties, including partial balances of those lines of credit;

  

•        home improvement installment sales contracts and installment loan agreements, either unsecured or secured;

  

•        mortgage loans secured by unimproved land;

  

•        manufactured housing installment sales contracts and installment loan agreements; or

  

•        mortgage or asset-backed securities backed by, and whole or partial participations in, the types of assets listed above.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined that this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

April 17, 2007


Table of Contents

Important notice about information presented in this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement

We provide information to you about the securities in two separate documents that provide progressively more detail:

 

   

this prospectus, which provides general information, some of which may not apply to your series of securities; and

 

   

the accompanying prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of your series of securities.

You should rely only on the information provided in this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement, including the information incorporated by reference. See “Additional Information,” “Reports to Securityholders” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.” You can request information incorporated by reference from Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc. by calling us at (952) 857-7000 or writing to us at 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 250, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not offering the securities in any state where the offer is not permitted.

Some capitalized terms used in this prospectus are defined in the Glossary attached to this prospectus.


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

INTRODUCTION

   1

THE TRUSTS

   1

General

   1

Characteristics of Loans

   5

Revolving Credit Loans

   15

The Contracts

   18

The Mortgaged Properties

   19

The Agency Securities

   23

Private Securities

   24

TRUST ASSET PROGRAM

   25

Underwriting Standards

   25

The Negotiated Conduit Asset Program

   32

DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES

   34

General

   34

Form of Securities

   37

Assignment of Loans

   40

Representations With Respect to Loans

   43

Repurchases of Loans

   45

Limited Right of Substitution

   46

Certain Insolvency and Bankruptcy Issues

   47

Assignment of Agency or Private Securities

   48

Excess Spread and Excluded Spread

   48

Payments on Loans

   49

Withdrawals From the Custodial Account

   53

Distributions of Principal and Interest on the Securities

   54

Advances

   56

Prepayment Interest Shortfalls

   57

Funding Account

   58

Reports to Securityholders

   58

Servicing and Administration of Loans

   60

DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT ENHANCEMENT

   69

General

   69

Letters of Credit

   71

Subordination

   71

Overcollateralization and Excess Cash Flow

   73

Mortgage Pool Insurance Policies and Mortgage Insurance Policies

   74

Special Hazard Insurance Policies

   76

Bankruptcy Bonds

   77

Reserve Funds

   77

Financial Guaranty Insurance Policies; Surety Bonds

   78

Maintenance of Credit Enhancement

   78

Reduction or Substitution of Credit Enhancement

   79

OTHER FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS RELATED TO THE SECURITIES

   80

Swaps and Yield Supplement Agreements

   80

Purchase Obligations

   80

INSURANCE POLICIES ON LOANS

   81

Primary Insurance Policies

   81

Standard Hazard Insurance on Mortgaged Properties

   83

Standard Hazard Insurance on Manufactured Homes

   85

THE DEPOSITOR

   86

RESIDENTIAL FUNDING COMPANY, LLC

   86

THE AGREEMENTS

   86

Events of Default; Rights Upon Event of Default

   86

Amendment

   90

Termination; Retirement of Securities

   92

The Trustee

   93

The Owner Trustee

   93

The Indenture Trustee

   94

YIELD CONSIDERATIONS

   94

MATURITY AND PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS

   100

CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE LOANS

   105

The Mortgage Loans

   106

The Manufactured Housing Contracts

   121

The Home Improvement Contracts

   123

Enforceability of Certain Provisions

   125

Consumer Protection Laws

   126

Applicability of Usury Laws

   126

Environmental Legislation

   127

Servicemembers Civil Relief Act

   128

Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments

   129

Forfeitures in Drug and RICO Proceedings

   130

MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

   130

General

   130

Opinions

   131

Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities

   134

Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual Securities

   140

Backup Withholding with Respect to Securities

   152

Foreign Investors in REMIC Regular Securities

   153

Non-REMIC Notes

   154

STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES

   154

ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

   154

Plan Asset Regulations

   155

Prohibited Transaction Exemptions

   157

Considerations for ERISA Plans Regarding the Purchase of Notes

   164

Insurance Company General Accounts

   164

Representations From Investing ERISA Plans

   164

Tax-Exempt Investors; REMIC Residual Securities

   165

Consultation With Counsel

   165

LEGAL INVESTMENT MATTERS

   166

USE OF PROCEEDS

   168

METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION

   168

LEGAL MATTERS

   170

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

   170

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

   170

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

   170

GLOSSARY

   172


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INTRODUCTION

The securities offered may be sold from time to time in series. Each series of certificates will represent in the aggregate the entire beneficial ownership interest in, and each series of notes in the aggregate will represent indebtedness of, a trust consisting primarily of the trust assets described in the following section. The trust assets will have been acquired by the depositor from one or more affiliated or unaffiliated institutions. Each series of certificates will be issued under a pooling and servicing agreement among the depositor, the trustee and master servicer or servicer, or a trust agreement between the depositor and trustee, all as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Each series of notes will be issued under an indenture between the related trust and the indenture trustee specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise specified, references in this prospectus to the trustee refer to the indenture trustee in the case of a series of notes. The trust assets for each series of notes will be held in a trust under a trust agreement and pledged under the indenture to secure a series of notes as described in this prospectus and in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The ownership of the trust fund for each series of notes will be evidenced by certificates issued under the trust agreement, which certificates are not offered by this prospectus.

THE TRUSTS

General

As specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the trust for a series of securities will consist primarily of a segregated pool of assets. The trust assets will primarily include any combination of the following:

 

   

one- to four-family first or junior lien mortgage loans, including closed-end home equity loans, Home Loans and Cooperative Loans;

 

   

one- to four-family first or junior lien home equity revolving lines of credit, which are referred to in this prospectus as revolving credit loans;

 

   

home improvement installment sales contracts and installment loan agreements, which are referred to in this prospectus as home improvement contracts, that are either unsecured or secured by first or junior liens on one- to four-family residential properties or by purchase money security interests in the home improvements financed by those home improvement contracts;

 

   

manufactured housing installment sales contracts and installment loan agreements, which are referred to in this prospectus as manufactured housing contracts, secured by security interests in manufactured homes;

 

   

multifamily first lien mortgage loans;

 

   

mortgage loans secured by unimproved land;

 

   

partial balances of, or partial interests in, any of the assets described above;


Table of Contents
   

Agency Securities and private securities, which as used in this prospectus, are mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities issued by entities other than Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae that represent interests in or are secured by any of the assets described above, including pass-through certificates, participation certificates or other instruments that evidence interests in or are secured by these assets;

 

   

all payments and collections derived from the trust assets described above after the related cut-off date, other than Excluded Spread or other interest retained by the depositor or any of its affiliates with respect to any trust asset, as from time to time are identified as deposited in the Custodial Account and in the related Payment Account;

 

   

property acquired by foreclosure on the mortgaged properties or other security for the trust assets or deed in lieu of foreclosure, and portions of proceeds from the disposition of any related Additional Collateral or Pledged Assets;

 

   

hazard insurance policies and primary insurance policies, if any; and

 

   

any one or a combination, if applicable and to the extent specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, of a letter of credit, purchase obligation, mortgage pool insurance policy, mortgage insurance policy, contract pool insurance policy, special hazard insurance policy, reserve fund, bankruptcy bond, financial guaranty insurance policy, derivative products, surety bond or other similar types of credit enhancement as described under “Description of Credit Enhancement.”

As used in this prospectus, mortgage loans includes:

 

   

mortgage loans or closed-end home equity loans secured by first or junior liens on one- to four- family residential properties;

 

   

Interest Only Loans;

 

   

Home Loans;

 

   

Cooperative Loans;

 

   

mortgage loans secured by first liens on multifamily property;

 

   

mortgage loans secured by first or junior liens on Mixed-Use Properties; and

 

   

mortgage loans secured by unimproved land.

 

   

Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in this prospectus, Contracts includes:

 

   

manufactured housing contracts; and

 

   

home improvement contracts.

 

2


Table of Contents

The mortgage loans, revolving credit loans and, if applicable, the contracts will be evidenced by mortgage notes secured by mortgages, deeds of trust or other similar security instruments creating first or junior liens on one- to four-family residential properties, unimproved land, multifamily property or Mixed-Use Property. Unless the context indicates otherwise, mortgage notes includes Cooperative Notes; mortgages include security agreements for Cooperative Notes; and mortgaged properties may include shares in the related Cooperative and the related proprietary leases or occupancy agreements securing Cooperative Notes. In addition, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement relating to a series of securities, a mortgage pool may contain Additional Collateral Loans or Pledged Asset Mortgage Loans that are secured, in addition to the related mortgaged property, by Additional Collateral or Pledged Assets.

The mortgage loans, revolving credit loans and the contracts are referred to in this prospectus collectively as the loans. In connection with a series of securities backed by revolving credit loans, if the accompanying prospectus supplement indicates that the pool consists of certain balances of the revolving credit loans, then the term “revolving credit loans” in this prospectus refers only to those balances.

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the trust underlying a series of securities may include Agency Securities or private securities. For any series of securities backed by Agency Securities or private securities, the entity that administers the private securities or Agency Securities may be referred to as the manager, if stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The private securities in the trust may have been issued previously by the depositor or an affiliate, an unaffiliated financial institution or other entity engaged in the business of mortgage lending or a limited purpose corporation organized for the purpose of, among other things, acquiring and depositing loans into trusts, and selling beneficial interests in those trusts. As specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the Agency Securities or private securities will primarily be similar to securities offered hereunder in their collateral and their cash flows. The primary collateral for both the private securities and the related securities will be the same pool of mortgage loans. Payments on the Agency Securities or private securities will be passed through to holders of the related securities. As to any series of securities, the accompanying prospectus supplement will include a description of any Agency Securities or private securities along with any related credit enhancement, and the trust assets underlying those private securities will be described together with any other trust assets included in the pool relating to that series.

In addition, as to any series of securities secured by private securities, the private securities may consist of an ownership interest in a structuring entity formed by the depositor for the limited purpose of holding the trust assets relating to the series of securities. This special purpose entity may be organized in the form of a trust, limited partnership or limited liability company, and will be structured in a manner that will insulate the holders of securities from liabilities of the special purpose entity. The provisions governing the special purpose entity will restrict the special purpose entity from engaging in or conducting any business other than the holding of trust assets and any related assets and the issuance of ownership interests in the trust assets and some incidental activities. Any ownership interest in the special purpose entity will evidence an ownership interest in the related trust assets as well as the right to receive specified cash flows derived from the trust assets, as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

3


Table of Contents

Each trust asset will be selected by the depositor for inclusion in a pool from among those purchased by the depositor from any of the following sources:

 

   

directly or through its affiliates, including Residential Funding Company, LLC;

 

   

sellers who are affiliates of the depositor including Homecomings Financial, LLC and GMAC Mortgage, LLC; or

 

   

savings banks, savings and loan associations, commercial banks, credit unions, insurance companies or similar institutions that are supervised and/or examined by a federal or state authority, lenders approved by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, known as HUD, mortgage bankers, investment banking firms, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, known as the FDIC, or other regulated and unregulated mortgage loan originators or sellers, including brokers, not affiliated with the depositor, all as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The sellers may include state or local government housing finance agencies. If so described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the depositor may issue one or more classes of securities to a seller as consideration for the purchase of the trust assets securing such series of securities. If a pool is composed of trust assets acquired by the depositor directly from sellers other than Residential Funding Company, LLC, the accompanying prospectus supplement will specify the extent of trust assets so acquired.

The trust assets may also be delivered to the depositor in a Designated Seller Transaction. A “Designated Seller Transaction” is a transaction in which the mortgage loans are provided to the depositor by an unaffiliated seller, as more fully described in the related prospectus supplement. Securities issued in Designated Seller Transactions may be sold in whole or in part to any designated seller identified in the accompanying prospectus supplement in exchange for the related trust assets, or may be offered under any of the other methods described in this prospectus under “Methods of Distribution.” The accompanying prospectus supplement for a Designated Seller Transaction will include information provided by the designated seller about the designated seller, the trust assets and the underwriting standards applicable to the loans. All representations and warranties with respect to the trust assets sold in a Designated Seller Transaction will be made only by the applicable unaffiliated seller, referred to herein as the Designated Seller. The depositor will take reasonable steps to ensure that the trust assets in a Designated Seller Transaction satisfy the eligibility criteria for securitization transactions registered on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The depositor will limit Designated Seller Transactions to creditworthy unaffiliated sellers. In addition, the depositor will obtain from Designated Sellers representations and warranties regarding specific characteristics of the trust assets, together with an obligation to repurchase any trust assets that do not satisfy such representations and warranties. Furthermore, the depositor will obtain from the Designated Sellers the obligation to indemnify the depositor against any liabilities resulting from a breach of such representations and warranties.

Any seller, including any designated seller, or Residential Funding Company, LLC may retain or acquire any Excluded Balances for any related revolving credit loans, or any loan secured by a mortgage senior or subordinate to any loan included in any pool.

 

4


Table of Contents

The depositor will cause the trust assets constituting each pool to be assigned without recourse to the trustee named in the accompanying prospectus supplement, for the benefit of the holders of all of the securities of a series. The master servicer or servicer, which may be an affiliate of the depositor, named in the accompanying prospectus supplement will service the loans, either directly or through subservicers or a Special Servicer, under a servicing agreement and will receive a fee for its services. See “The Trusts” and “Description of the Securities.” As to those loans serviced by the master servicer or a servicer through a subservicer, the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, will remain liable for its servicing obligations under the related servicing agreement as if the master servicer or servicer alone were servicing the trust assets. With respect to those mortgage loans serviced by a Special Servicer, the Special Servicer will be required to service the related mortgage loans in accordance with a servicing agreement between the servicer and the Special Servicer, and will receive the fee specified in that agreement; however, the master servicer or servicer will remain liable for its servicing obligations under the related servicing agreement as if the master servicer or servicer alone were servicing the related trust assets. In addition to or in place of the master servicer or servicer for a series of securities, the accompanying prospectus supplement may identify an Administrator for the trust. The Administrator may be an affiliate of the depositor. All references in this prospectus to the master servicer and any discussions of the servicing and administration functions of the master servicer or servicer will also apply to the Administrator to the extent applicable. The master servicer’s obligations relating to the trust assets will consist principally of its contractual servicing obligations under the related pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, including its obligation to use its best efforts to enforce purchase obligations of Residential Funding Company, LLC or, in some instances, the Special Servicer, the designated seller or seller, as described in this prospectus under “Description of the Securities—Representations With Respect to Loans” and “—Assignment of Loans” or under the terms of any private securities.

Characteristics of Loans

The loans may be secured by mortgages or deeds of trust, deeds to secure debt or other similar security instruments creating a first or junior lien on or other interests in the related mortgaged properties. Cooperative Loans are evidenced by promissory notes secured by a first or junior lien on the shares issued by Cooperatives and on the related proprietary leases or occupancy agreements granting exclusive rights to occupy specific units within a Cooperative.

The proceeds of the loans, other than the loans made to finance the purchase of the mortgaged properties, may be used by the borrower to improve the related mortgaged properties, may be retained by the related borrowers or may be used for purposes unrelated to the mortgaged properties.

As described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the loans may include loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration, known as FHA, a division of HUD, loans partially guaranteed by the Veterans Administration, known as VA, and loans that are not insured or guaranteed by the FHA or VA. As described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the loans may be of one or more of the following types, and may include one or more of the following characteristics:

 

   

adjustable rate loans, known as ARM loans;

 

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negatively amortizing ARM loans;

 

   

Balloon Loans;

 

   

Interest Only Loans;

 

   

Convertible Mortgage Loans;

 

   

Buy-Down Loans;

 

   

Additional Collateral Loans;

 

   

Pledged Asset Mortgage Loans;

 

   

simple interest loans;

 

   

actuarial loans;

 

   

delinquent loans;

 

   

re-performing loans;

 

   

Mexico Loans;

 

   

Cooperative Loans;

 

   

Homeownership Act Loans;

 

   

GPM Loans, which have monthly payments that increase in amount over time, until they are fully ammortizing;

 

   

GEM Loans;

 

   

fixed rate loans;

 

   

loans that have been modified;

 

   

loans that provide for payment on a bi-weekly or other non-monthly basis during the term of the loan; and

 

   

loans that provide for the reduction of the interest rate based on the payment performance of the loans.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will provide information concerning the types and characteristics of the loans and other assets included in the related trust. Each prospectus supplement applicable to a series of securities will include information to the extent then available to the depositor, as of the related cut-off date, if appropriate, on an approximate basis.

 

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The information in the accompanying prospectus supplement may include, if applicable:

 

   

the aggregate principal balance of the trust assets;

 

   

the type of property securing the loans and related lien priority, if any;

 

   

the original or modified and/or remaining terms to maturity of the loans;

 

   

the range of principal balances of the loans at origination or modification;

 

   

the aggregate credit limits and the range of credit limits of the related credit line agreements in the case of revolving credit loans;

 

   

the range of the years of origination of the loans;

 

   

the earliest origination or modification date and latest maturity date of the loans;

 

   

the loan-to-value ratios, known as LTV ratios, or the combined LTV ratios, known as CLTV ratios, of the loans, as applicable;

 

   

the weighted average loan rate and range of loan rates borne by the loans;

 

   

the applicable index, the range of gross margins, the weighted average gross margin, the frequency of adjustments and maximum loan rate;

 

   

the geographic distribution of the mortgaged properties;

 

   

the number and percentage of home improvement contracts that are partially insured by the FHA under Title I;

 

   

the weighted average junior ratio and Credit Utilization Rate;

 

   

the weighted average and range of debt-to-income ratios;

 

   

the weighted average and range of debt service coverage ratios, in the case of multifamily residential rental properties;

 

   

the distribution of loan purposes; and

 

   

the range of Credit Scores.

A Current Report on Form 8-K will be available on request to holders of the related series of securities and will be filed, together with the related pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement, for each series of certificates, or the related trust agreement and indenture, for each series of notes, with the Securities and Exchange Commission within fifteen days after the initial issuance of the securities. The composition and characteristics of a pool containing revolving credit loans may change from time to time as a result of any Draws made after the related cut-off date under the related credit line agreements that are included in the pool. If trust assets are added to or

 

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deleted from the trust after the date of the accompanying prospectus supplement but prior to the closing date, other than as a result of any Draws, the addition or deletion will be noted in the Form 8-K.

Some of the loans may be “equity refinance” loans, as to which a portion of the proceeds are used to refinance an existing loan, and the remaining proceeds may be retained by the borrower or used for purposes unrelated to the mortgaged property. Alternatively, the loans may be “rate and term refinance” loans, as to which substantially all of the proceeds, net of related costs incurred by the borrower, are used to refinance an existing loan or loans, which may include a junior lien, primarily in order to change the interest rate or other terms of the existing loan. All of these types of loans are nevertheless secured by mortgaged properties.

The loans may be loans that have been consolidated and/or have had various terms changed, loans that have been converted from adjustable rate loans to fixed rate loans, or construction loans which have been converted to permanent loans. If a loan is a modified loan, references to origination typically shall refer to the date of modification.

Prepayment on the Loans

In some cases, loans may be prepaid by the borrowers at any time without payment of any prepayment fee or penalty. In addition, the borrower under a revolving credit loan has the right during the related Draw Period to make a Draw in the amount of any prepayment made with respect to the loan. The prospectus supplement will disclose whether a material portion of the loans provide for payment of a prepayment charge if the borrower prepays within a specified time period. This charge may affect the rate of prepayment. The master servicer or servicer or another entity described in the accompanying prospectus supplement will generally be entitled to all prepayment charges and late payment charges received on the loans and those amounts will not be available for payment on the securities unless the prospectus supplement discloses that those charges will be available for payment. However, some states’ laws restrict the imposition of prepayment charges even when the loans expressly provide for the collection of those charges. As a result, it is possible that prepayment charges may not be collected even on loans that provide for the payment of these charges. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans—Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments.”

ARM Loans

In most cases, ARM loans will have an original or modified term to maturity of not more than 30 years. The loan rate for ARM loans usually adjusts initially after a specified period subsequent to the initial payment date and thereafter at either one-month, three-month, six-month, one-year or other intervals, with corresponding adjustments in the amount of monthly payments, over the term of the loan, and at any time is equal the sum of a fixed percentage described in the related mortgage note, known as the gross margin, and an index, subject to the maximum rate specified in the mortgage note and permitted by applicable law. The accompanying prospectus supplement will describe the relevant index and the highest, lowest and weighted average gross margin for the ARM loans in the related pool. The accompanying prospectus supplement will also indicate any periodic or lifetime limitations on changes in any per annum loan rate at the time of any adjustment. An ARM loan may include a provision that allows the borrower to convert the

 

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adjustable loan rate to a fixed rate at specified times during the term of the ARM loan. The index or indices for a particular pool will be specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and may include one of the following indexes:

 

   

the weekly average yield on U.S. Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of six months, one year or other terms to maturity;

 

   

the weekly auction average investment yield of U.S. Treasury bills of various maturities;

 

   

the daily bank prime loan rate as quoted by financial industry news sources;

 

   

the cost of funds of member institutions of any of the regional Federal Home Loan Banks;

 

   

the interbank offered rates for U.S. dollar deposits in the London market, each calculated as of a date prior to each scheduled interest rate adjustment date which will be specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement; or

 

   

the weekly average of secondary market interest rates on six-month negotiable certificates of deposit.

ARM loans have features that provide different investment considerations than fixed-rate loans. Adjustable loan rates can cause payment increases that may exceed some borrowers’ capacity to cover those payments. Some ARM loans, may be teaser loans, with an introductory rate that is lower than the rate that would be in effect if the applicable index and gross margin were used to determine the loan rate. As a result of the introductory rate, interest collections on the loans may initially be lower than expected. Commencing on their first adjustment date, the loan rates on the teaser loans will be based on the applicable index and gross margin, subject to any rate caps applicable to the first adjustment date. An ARM loan may provide that its loan rate may not be adjusted to a rate above the applicable maximum loan rate or below the applicable minimum loan rate, if any, for the ARM loan. In addition, some of the ARM loans may provide for limitations on the maximum amount by which their loan rates may adjust for any single adjustment period. Some ARM loans provide for limitations on the amount of scheduled payments of principal and interest, or may have other features relating to payment adjustment as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Some ARM loans may permit the borrower to select from various payment options on each payment date. Those options may include a payment of accrued interest only, a minimum payment based on an amortization schedule that may not be sufficient to cover accrued interest on the ARM loan thus producing negative amortization, a monthly payment that would fully amortize the ARM loan over its remaining term to maturity at the current interest rate, and a monthly payment that would fully amortize the ARM loan over a shorter period at the current interest rate.

Negatively Amortizing ARM Loans

Certain ARM loans may be subject to negative amortization from time to time prior to their maturity. Negative amortization results if the accrued monthly interest exceeds the scheduled

 

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payment. Negative amortization often results from either the adjustment of the loan rate on a more frequent basis than the adjustment of the scheduled payment or the application of a cap on the size of the scheduled payment. In addition, ARM loans with payment options described above may produce negative amortization if the borrower chooses an option that does not cover the accrued interest on the ARM loan. If the scheduled payment is not sufficient to pay the accrued monthly interest on a negative amortization ARM loan, the amount of accrued monthly interest that exceeds the scheduled payment on the loans is added to the principal balance of the ARM loan, bears interest at the loan rate and is repaid from future scheduled payments.

Negatively amortizing ARM loans in most cases do not provide for the extension of their original stated maturity to accommodate changes in their loan rate. Investors should be aware that a loan secured by a junior lien may be subordinate to a negatively amortizing senior loan. An increase in the principal balance of the loan secured by a senior lien on the related mortgaged property may cause the sum of the outstanding principal balance of the senior loan and the outstanding principal balance of the junior loan to exceed the sum of the principal balances at the time of origination of the junior loan. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the ARM loans underlying a series allow for negative amortization and the percentage, if known, of any loans that are subordinate to any related senior loan that allows for negative amortization.

Balloon Loans

As specified in the prospectus supplement, a pool may include Balloon Loans. Balloon Loans generally require a monthly payment of a predetermined amount that will not fully amortize the loan until the maturity date, at which time the Balloon Amount will be due and payable. Payment of the Balloon Amount, which, based on the amortization schedule of those loans, is expected to be a substantial amount and will typically depend on the mortgagor’s ability to obtain refinancing of the related mortgage loan or to sell the mortgaged property prior to the maturity of the Balloon Loan. The ability to obtain refinancing will depend on a number of factors prevailing at the time refinancing or sale is required, including, without limitation, real estate values, the mortgagor’s financial situation, the level of available mortgage loan interest rates, the mortgagor’s equity in the related mortgaged property, tax laws, prevailing general economic conditions and the terms of any related first lien mortgage loan. Neither the depositor, the master servicer or servicer, the trustee, as applicable, nor any of their affiliates will be obligated to refinance or repurchase any mortgage loan or to sell the mortgaged property.

Interest Only Loans

As specified in the prospectus supplement, a pool may include Interest Only Loans. Interest Only Loans generally require that a borrower make monthly payments of accrued interest, but not principal, for a predetermined period following origination (commonly referred to as an “interest-only period”). After the interest-only period, the borrower’s monthly payment generally will be recalculated to cover both interest and principal so that the Interest Only Loan will be paid in full by its final payment date. As a result, if the monthly payment increases, the borrower may not be able to pay the increased amount and may default or refinance the Interest Only Loan to avoid the higher payment. Because no scheduled principal payments are required to be made during the interest-only period, the related offered certificates will receive smaller scheduled principal distributions during that period than they would have received if the borrower were required to

 

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make monthly payments of interest and principal from origination. In addition, because a borrower is not required to make scheduled principal payments during the interest-only period, the principal balance of an Interest Only Loan may be higher than the principal balance of a similar mortgage loan that requires payment of principal and interest throughout the entire term of the mortgage loan, and a higher principal balance may result in a greater loss upon the liquidation of an Interest Only Loan due to a default.

Convertible Mortgage Loans

On any conversion of a Convertible Mortgage Loan, the depositor, the master servicer or servicer or a third party may be obligated to purchase the converted mortgage loan. Alternatively, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the depositor, Residential Funding Company, LLC or another party may agree to act as remarketing agent for the converted mortgage loans and, in that capacity, to use its best efforts to arrange for the sale of the converted mortgage loans under specified conditions. On the failure of any party so obligated to purchase any converted mortgage loan, the inability of any remarketing agent to arrange for the sale of any converted mortgage loan or the unwillingness of the remarketing agent to exercise any election to purchase any converted mortgage loan for its own account, the related pool will thereafter include both fixed rate and adjustable rate mortgage loans. If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, neither the depositor nor any other party will be obligated to repurchase or remarket any converted mortgage loan, and, as a result, converted mortgage loans will remain in the related pool.

Buy-Down Loans

In the case of Buy-Down Loans, the monthly payments made by the borrower during the Buy-Down Period will be less than the scheduled monthly payments on the mortgage loan, the resulting difference to be made up from:

 

   

Buy-Down Funds contributed by the seller of the mortgaged property or another source and placed in the Buy-Down Account;

 

   

if the Buy-Down Funds are contributed on a present value basis, investment earnings on the Buy-Down Funds; or

 

   

additional buy-down funds to be contributed over time by the borrower’s employer or another source.

All Buy-Down Funds will be available to fund scheduled principal and interest payments on the related mortgage loans. See “Description of the Securities—Payments on Loans—Buy-Down Loans.”

Additional Collateral Loans

If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a trust will contain Additional Collateral Loans. The Additional Collateral Requirement will in most cases terminate when the LTV ratio of the mortgage loan is reduced to a predetermined level, which in most cases shall not be more than 80%, as a result of a reduction in the loan amount caused by principal payments by the borrower under the mortgage loan or an increase in the appraised value of the related mortgaged property.

 

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The servicer of the Additional Collateral Loan will be required, in accordance with the master servicer’s or servicer’s servicing guidelines or its normal servicing procedures, to attempt to realize on any Additional Collateral if the related Additional Collateral Loan is liquidated on default. The right to receive proceeds from the realization of Additional Collateral on any liquidation will be assigned to the related trustee. No assurance can be given as to the amount of proceeds, if any, that might be realized from the Additional Collateral and thereafter remitted to the trustee.

The prospectus supplement relating to any mortgage pool that includes a material amount of Additional Collateral Loans will describe the insurance company that will issue a limited purpose surety bond insuring any deficiency in the amounts realized by the Additional Collateral Loan seller from the liquidation of Additional Collateral, up to the amount of the Additional Collateral Requirement. In general, this surety bond will be issued by an insurance company whose claims-paying ability is rated in the highest long-term rating category by each rating agency that rated the applicable series of securities. For additional considerations concerning the Additional Collateral Loans, see “Certain Legal Aspects of Loans—The Mortgage Loans—Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders.”

Pledged Asset Mortgage Loans

If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a mortgage pool may include Pledged Asset Mortgage Loans. Each Pledged Asset will be held by a custodian for the benefit of the trustee for the trust in which the related Pledged Asset Mortgage Loan is held, and will be invested in investment obligations permitted by the rating agencies rating the related series of securities. The amount of the Pledged Assets will be determined by the seller in accordance with its underwriting standards, but in most cases will not be more than an amount that, if applied to reduce the original principal balance of the mortgage loan, would reduce that principal balance to less than 70% of the appraised value of the mortgaged property.

If, following a default by the borrower and the liquidation of the related mortgaged property, there remains a loss on the related mortgage loan, a limited liability company will be required to pay to the master servicer or the servicer on behalf of the trustee the amount of that loss, up to the pledged amount for that mortgage loan. If the borrower becomes a debtor in a bankruptcy proceeding, there is a significant risk that the Pledged Assets will not be available to be paid to the securityholders. At the borrower’s request, and in accordance with some conditions, the Pledged Assets may be applied as a partial prepayment of the mortgage loan. The Pledged Assets will be released to the limited liability company if the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loan has been reduced by the amount of the Pledged Assets.

 

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Actuarial Loans

Monthly payments made by or on behalf of the borrower for each loan, in most cases, will be one-twelfth of the applicable loan rate times the unpaid principal balance, with any remainder of the payment applied to principal. This is known as an actuarial loan.

Simple Interest Loans

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a portion of the loans underlying a series of securities may be simple interest loans. A simple interest loan provides the amortization of the amount financed under the loan over a series of equal monthly payments, except, in the case of a Balloon Loan, the final payment. Each monthly payment consists of an installment of interest which is calculated on the basis of the outstanding principal balance of the loan multiplied by the stated loan rate and further multiplied by a fraction, with the numerator equal to the number of days in the period elapsed since the preceding payment of interest was made and the denominator equal to the number of days in the annual period for which interest accrues on the loan. As payments are received under a simple interest loan, the amount received is applied first to interest accrued to the date of payment and then the remaining amount is applied to pay any unpaid fees and then to reduce the unpaid principal balance. Accordingly, if a borrower pays a fixed monthly installment on a simple interest loan before its scheduled due date, the portion of the payment allocable to interest for the period since the preceding payment was made will be less than it would have been had the payment been made as scheduled, and the portion of the payment applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance will be correspondingly greater. On the other hand, if a borrower pays a fixed monthly installment after its scheduled due date, the portion of the payment allocable to interest for the period since the preceding payment was made will be greater than it would have been had the payment been made as scheduled, and the remaining portion, if any, of the payment applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance will be correspondingly less. If each scheduled payment under a simple interest loan is made on or prior to its scheduled due date, the principal balance of the loan will amortize more quickly than scheduled. However, if the borrower consistently makes scheduled payments after the scheduled due date, the loan will amortize more slowly than scheduled. If a simple interest loan is prepaid, the borrower is required to pay interest only to the date of prepayment. The variable allocations among principal and interest of a simple interest loan may affect the distributions of principal and interest on the securities, as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Delinquent Loans

Some pools may include loans that are one or more months delinquent with regard to payment of principal or interest at the time of their deposit into a trust. The accompanying prospectus supplement will set forth the percentage of loans that are so delinquent. Delinquent loans are more likely to result in losses than loans that have a current payment status.

Re-Performing Loans

The term “re-performing loans” includes (i) repayment plan loans and bankruptcy plan loans that had arrearages when the repayment plan was entered into, and (ii) trial modification loans. These loans may be acquired by a designated seller or Residential Funding Company, LLC from a wide variety of sources through bulk or periodic sales. The re-performing loans were originally either:

 

   

acquired by the designated seller or Residential Funding Company, LLC as a performing loan;

 

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acquired under Residential Funding Company, LLC’s negotiated conduit asset program; or

 

   

acquired by the designated seller or Residential Funding Company, LLC as a delinquent loan with a view toward establishing a repayment plan.

In the case of loans that are acquired by Residential Funding Company, LLC as delinquent loans with a view toward establishing a repayment plan, no determination is made as to whether the loans complied with the underwriting criteria of any specific origination program. In each case, however, at the time of purchase, every loan is evaluated by Residential Funding Company, LLC. This includes obtaining an evaluation of the related property value, a review of the credit and collateral files, and a review of the servicing history on the loan. The information is used to assess both the borrower’s willingness and capacity to pay, and the underlying collateral value. The rate of default on re-performing loans is more likely to be higher than the rate of default on loans that have not previously been in arrears.

Repayment Plan Loans and Bankruptcy Plan Loans. Some of the loans may be loans where the borrower in the past has failed to pay one or more required scheduled monthly payments or tax and insurance payments, and the borrower has entered into either a repayment plan, or a confirmed bankruptcy plan in a case under Chapter 13 of Title 11 of the United States Code, known as the Bankruptcy Code, under which the borrower has agreed to repay these arrearages in installments under a schedule, in exchange for the related master servicer or servicer agreeing not to foreclose on the related mortgaged property or other security. For each loan subject to a repayment plan, or a confirmed bankruptcy plan, the borrower shall have made at least an aggregate of its three most recent scheduled monthly payments prior to the cut-off date.

The right to receive all arrearages payable under the repayment plan will not be included as part of the trust and, accordingly, payments made on these arrearages will not be payable to the securityholders. The borrowers under any confirmed bankruptcy plan will make separate payments for their scheduled monthly payments and for their arrearages. The borrowers under any repayment plan will make a single payment, which will be applied first to their scheduled monthly payment and second to the arrearage. In either case, the master servicer or servicer may immediately commence foreclosure if, in the case of a bankruptcy plan, both payments are not received and the bankruptcy court has authorized that action or, in the case of a repayment plan, the payment is insufficient to cover both the monthly payment and the arrearage.

Trial Modification Loans. Some of the loans may be loans where the borrower in the past has failed to pay scheduled monthly payments, and the borrower has entered into a trial modification agreement. Generally, under this arrangement:

 

   

the borrower agrees to pay a reduced monthly payment for a specified trial period typically lasting 3 to 6 months;

 

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if the borrower makes all required monthly payments during the trial period, at the end of the trial period, the original loan terms will be modified to reflect terms stated in the trial modification agreement. The modifications may include a reduced interest rate, the forgiveness of some arrearages, the capitalization of some arrearages, an extension of the maturity, or a provision for a balloon payment at maturity;

 

   

if the borrower makes all required payments during the trial period, the monthly payment amount will continue to be the monthly payment in effect during the trial period, with no additional repayment of arrearages; and

 

   

if the borrower fails to make any of the required payments during the trial period, the modified terms will not take effect, and a foreclosure action may be commenced immediately. None of the depositor, the seller, the designated seller, the master servicer or the servicer, as applicable, will have any obligation to repurchase the related loan under those circumstances unless that repurchase obligation is described in the related prospectus supplement.

Modified Loans

Some pools may include loans that have been modified by the master servicer, the servicer or a subservicer prior to the related cut-off date. Generally, the types of modifications that modified loans have are (a) a reduction in the interest rate, (b) a change in the monthly payment, (c) a re-amortization of the principal balance, or (d) a modification agreed to by the borrower that is similar to the modifications described in clauses (a) through (c) above.

Revolving Credit Loans

General

The revolving credit loans will be originated under credit line agreements subject to a maximum amount or credit limit. In most instances, interest on each revolving credit loan will be calculated based on the average daily balance outstanding during the billing cycle. The billing cycle in most cases will be the calendar month preceding a due date. Each revolving credit loan will have a loan rate that is subject to adjustment on the day specified in the related mortgage note, which may be daily or monthly, equal to the sum of (a) the index on the day specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, and (b) the gross margin specified in the related mortgage note, which may vary under some circumstances, subject to the maximum rate specified in the mortgage note and the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. If specified in the prospectus supplement, some revolving credit loans may be teaser loans with an introductory rate that is lower than the rate that would be in effect if the applicable index and gross margin were used to determine the loan rate. As a result of the introductory rate, interest collections on the loans may initially be lower than expected. Commencing on their first adjustment date, the loan rates on the teaser loans will be based on the applicable index and gross margin. The index or indices will be specified in the related prospectus supplement and may include one of the indices mentioned under “—Characteristics of Loans.”

 

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Unless specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, each revolving credit loan will have a term to maturity from the date of origination of not more than 25 years. The borrower for each revolving credit loan may make a Draw under the related credit line agreement at any time during the Draw Period. Unless specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the Draw Period will not be more than 15 years. Unless specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, for each revolving credit loan, if the Draw Period is less than the full term of the revolving credit loan, the related borrower will not be permitted to make any Draw during the Repayment Period. Prior to the Repayment Period, or prior to the date of maturity for loans without Repayment Periods, the borrower for each revolving credit loan will be obligated to make monthly payments on the revolving credit loan in a minimum amount as specified in the related mortgage note, which usually will be the finance charge for each billing cycle as described in the second following paragraph. In addition, if a revolving credit loan has a Repayment Period, during this period, the borrower is required to make monthly payments consisting of principal installments that would substantially amortize the principal balance by the maturity date, and to pay any current finance charges and additional charges.

The borrower for each revolving credit loan will be obligated to pay off the remaining account balance on the related maturity date, which may be a substantial principal amount. The maximum amount of any Draw for any revolving credit loan is equal to the excess, if any, of the credit limit over the principal balance outstanding under the mortgage note at the time of the Draw. Draws will be funded by the seller, designated seller or other entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Unless specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, for each revolving credit loan:

 

   

the finance charge for any billing cycle, in most cases, will be an amount equal to the aggregate of, as calculated for each day in the billing cycle, the then-applicable loan rate divided by 365 multiplied by that day’s principal balance;

 

   

the account balance on any day in most cases will be the aggregate of the unpaid principal of the revolving credit loan outstanding at the beginning of the day, plus all related Draws funded on that day and outstanding at the beginning of that day, plus the sum of any unpaid finance charges and any unpaid fees, insurance premiums and other charges, collectively known as additional charges, that are due on the revolving credit loan minus the aggregate of all payments and credits that are applied to the repayment of any Draws on that day; and

 

   

the principal balance on any day usually will be the related account balance minus the sum of any unpaid finance charges and additional charges that are due on the revolving credit loan.

Payments made by or on behalf of the borrower for each revolving credit loan, in most cases, will be applied, first, to any unpaid finance charges that are due on the revolving credit loan, second, to any unpaid additional charges that are due thereon, and third, to any related Draws outstanding.

 

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The mortgaged property securing each revolving credit loan will be subject to the lien created by the related loan in the amount of the outstanding principal balance of each related Draw or portion thereof, if any, that is not included in the related pool, whether made on or prior to the related cut-off date or thereafter. The lien will be the same rank as the lien created by the mortgage relating to the revolving credit loan, and monthly payments, collections and other recoveries under the credit line agreement related to the revolving credit loan will be allocated as described in the related prospectus supplement among the revolving credit loan and the outstanding principal balance of each Draw or portion of Draw excluded from the pool. The depositor, an affiliate of the depositor or an unaffiliated seller may have an interest in any Draw or portion thereof excluded from the pool. If any entity with an interest in a Draw or portion thereof excluded from the pool or any other Excluded Balance were to become a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code and regardless of whether the transfer of the related revolving credit loan constitutes an absolute assignment, a bankruptcy trustee or creditor of such entity or such entity as a debtor-in-possession could assert that such entity retains rights in the related revolving credit loan and therefore compel the sale of such revolving credit loan, including any Trust Balance, over the objection of the trust and the securityholders. If that occurs, delays and reductions in payments to the trust and the securityholders could result.

In most cases, each revolving credit loan may be prepaid in full or in part at any time and without penalty, and the related borrower will have the right during the related Draw Period to make a Draw in the amount of any prepayment made for the revolving credit loan. The mortgage note or mortgage related to each revolving credit loan will usually contain a customary “due-on-sale” clause.

As to each revolving credit loan, the borrower’s rights to receive Draws during the Draw Period may be suspended, or the credit limit may be reduced, for cause under a limited number of circumstances, including, but not limited to:

 

   

a materially adverse change in the borrower’s financial circumstances;

 

   

a decline in the value of the mortgaged property significantly below its appraised value at origination; or

 

   

a payment default by the borrower.

However, as to each revolving credit loan, a suspension or reduction usually will not affect the payment terms for previously drawn balances. The master servicer or the servicer, as applicable, will have no obligation to investigate as to whether any of those circumstances have occurred or may have no knowledge of their occurrence. Therefore, there can be no assurance that any borrower’s ability to receive Draws will be suspended or reduced if the foregoing circumstances occur. In the event of default under a revolving credit loan, at the discretion of the master servicer or servicer, the revolving credit loan may be terminated and declared immediately due and payable in full. For this purpose, a default includes but is not limited to:

 

   

the borrower’s failure to make any payment as required;

 

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any action or inaction by the borrower that materially and adversely affects the mortgaged property or the rights in the mortgaged property; or

 

   

any fraud or material misrepresentation by a borrower in connection with the loan.

The master servicer or servicer will have the option to allow an increase in the credit limit applicable to any revolving credit loan in certain limited circumstances described in the related agreement.

Allocation of Revolving Credit Loan Balances

For any series of securities backed by revolving credit loans, the related trust may include either (i) the entire principal balance of each revolving credit loan outstanding at any time, including balances attributable to Draws made after the related cut-off date, or (ii) the Trust Balance of each revolving credit loan.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will describe the specific provisions by which payments and losses on any revolving credit loan will be allocated as between the Trust Balance and any Excluded Balance. Typically, the provisions (i) may provide that principal payments made by the borrower will be allocated between the Trust Balance and any Excluded Balance either on a pro rata basis, or first to the Trust Balance until reduced to zero, then to the Excluded Balance, or according to other priorities specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, and (ii) may provide that interest payments, as well as liquidation proceeds or similar proceeds following a default and any Realized Losses, will be allocated between the Trust Balance and any Excluded Balance on a pro rata basis or according to other priorities specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Even where a trust initially includes the entire principal balance of the revolving credit loans, the related agreement may provide that after a specified date or on the occurrence of specified events, the trust may not include balances attributable to additional Draws made after that time. The accompanying prospectus supplement will describe these provisions as well as the related allocation provisions that would be applicable.

The Contracts

Home Improvement Contracts

The trust for a series may include a contract pool evidencing interests in home improvement contracts. The home improvement contracts may be conventional home improvement contracts or, to the extent specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the home improvement contracts may be partially insured by the FHA under Title I.

In most cases, the home improvement contracts will be fully amortizing and may have fixed loan rates or adjustable loan rates and may provide for other payment characteristics as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

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The home improvements securing the home improvement contracts may include, but are not limited to, replacement windows, house siding, new roofs, swimming pools, satellite dishes, kitchen and bathroom remodeling goods and solar heating panels. The proceeds of contracts under the Title I Program may be used only for permitted purposes, including, but not limited to, the alteration, repair or improvement of residential property, the purchase of a manufactured home and/or lot on which to place that home, or cooperative interest in the home and/or lot.

Home improvements, unlike mortgaged properties, in most cases, depreciate in value. Consequently, at any time after origination it is possible, especially in the case of home improvement contracts with high LTV ratios at origination, that the market value of a home improvement may be lower than the principal amount outstanding under the related contract.

Manufactured Housing Contracts

The trust for a series may include a contract pool evidencing interests in manufactured housing contracts originated by one or more manufactured housing dealers, or the other entity or entities described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The manufactured housing contracts may be conventional manufactured housing contracts or manufactured housing contracts insured by the FHA or partially guaranteed by the VA. Each manufactured housing contract will be secured by a manufactured home. The manufactured housing contracts will be fully amortizing or, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, Balloon Loans.

The manufactured homes securing the manufactured housing contracts will consist of “manufactured homes” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 5402(6), which are treated as “single family residences” for the purposes of Sections 860A through 860G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, a manufactured home will be a structure built on a permanent chassis, which is transportable in one or more sections and customarily used at a fixed location, has a minimum of 400 square feet of living space and minimum width in excess of 8 1/2 feet, is designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein.

Manufactured homes, unlike mortgaged properties, in most cases, depreciate in value. Consequently, at any time after origination it is possible, especially in the case of manufactured housing contracts with high LTV ratios at origination, that the market value of a manufactured home may be lower than the principal amount outstanding under the related contract.

The Mortgaged Properties

The mortgaged properties will consist primarily of attached or detached individual dwellings, Cooperative dwellings, individual or adjacent condominiums, units in condotels, townhouses, duplexes, row houses, modular housing, manufactured homes, individual units or two-to four-unit dwellings in planned-unit developments, two- to four-family dwellings, multifamily residential rental property, unimproved land and Mixed-Use Properties. A condotel generally provides the services of commercial hotels for residential occupants of units owned by the borrowers as vacation or investment property. Each mortgaged property, other than a Cooperative dwelling or Mexican property, will be located on land owned by the borrower or, if specified in the

 

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accompanying prospectus supplement, land leased by the borrower. The ownership of the Mexican properties will be held in a Mexican trust. Attached dwellings may include structures where each borrower owns the land on which the unit is built with the remaining adjacent land owned in common. Mortgaged properties may also include dwellings on non-contiguous properties or multiple dwellings on one property. The proprietary lease or occupancy agreement securing a Cooperative Loan is subordinate, in most cases, to any blanket mortgage on the related cooperative apartment building or on the underlying land. Additionally, in the case of a Cooperative Loan, the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement may be terminated and the cooperative shares may be cancelled by the Cooperative if the tenant-stockholder fails to pay maintenance or other obligations or charges owed by the tenant-stockholder. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans.”

Mortgaged properties consisting of modular housing, also known as pre-assembled, pre-fabricated, sectional or pre-built homes, are factory built and constructed in two or more three dimensional sections, including interior and exterior finish, plumbing, wiring and mechanical systems. On completion, the modular home is transported to the property site to be joined together on a permanent foundation.

Mortgaged properties consisting of manufactured homes must be legally classified as real estate, have the wheels and axles removed and be attached to a permanent foundation and may not be located in a mobile home park. The manufactured homes will also have other characteristics as specified in the prospectus supplement.

Mexico Loans

Each Mexico Loan will be secured by the beneficial ownership interest in a separate trust, the sole asset of which is a residential property located in Mexico. The residential property may be a second home, vacation home or the primary residence of the borrower. The borrower of a Mexico Loan may be a U.S. borrower or an international borrower.

Because of the uncertainty and delays in foreclosing on real property interests in Mexico and because non-Mexican citizens are prohibited from owning real property located in some areas of Mexico, the nature of the security interest and the manner in which the Mexico Loans are secured differ from that of mortgage loans typically made in the United States. Record ownership and title to the Mexican property will be held in the name of a Mexican financial institution acting as Mexican trustee for a Mexican trust under the terms of a trust agreement. The trust agreement will be governed by Mexican law and will be filed (in Spanish) in the real property records in the jurisdiction in which the property is located. The original term of the Mexican trust will be 50 years and will be renewable at the option of the borrower. To secure the repayment of the Mexico Loan, the lender is named as a beneficiary of the Mexican trust. The lender’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust grants to the lender the right to direct the Mexican trustee to transfer the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust or to terminate the Mexican trust and sell the Mexican property. The borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust grants to the borrower the right to use, occupy and enjoy the Mexican property so long as it is not in default of its obligations relating to the Mexico Loan.

As security for repayment of the Mexico Loan, under the loan agreement, the borrower grants to the lender a security interest in the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust. If

 

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the borrower is domiciled in the United States, the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust should be considered under applicable state law to be an interest in personal property, not real property, and, accordingly, the lender will file financing statements in the appropriate state to perfect the lender’s security interest. Because the lender’s security interest in the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust is not, for purposes of foreclosing on that collateral, an interest in real property, the depositor either will rely on its remedies that are available in the United States under the applicable Uniform Commercial Code, or UCC, and under the trust agreement and foreclose on the collateral securing a Mexico Loan under the UCC, or direct the Mexican trustee to conduct an auction to sell the borrower’s beneficial interest or the Mexican property under the trust agreement. If a borrower is not a resident of the United States, the lender’s security interest in the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust may be unperfected under the UCC. If the lender conducts its principal lending activities in the United States, the loan agreement will provide that rights and obligations of the borrower and the lender under the loan agreement will be governed under applicable United States state law. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans—The Mortgage Loans.”

In connection with the assignment of a Mexico Loan into a trust created under the related pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement, the depositor will transfer to the trustee, on behalf of the securityholders, all of its right, title and interest in the mortgage note, the lender’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust, the lender’s security interest in the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust, and its interest in any policies of insurance on the Mexico Loan or the Mexican property. The percentage of mortgage loans, if any, that are Mexico Loans will be specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Mixed-Use Properties

Mortgage loans secured by Mixed-Use Property, or mixed-use mortgage loans, will consist of mortgage loans secured by first or junior mortgages, deeds of trust or similar security instruments on fee simple or leasehold interests in Mixed-Use Property. Similarly, mortgage loans secured by multifamily residential rental property will consist of mortgage loans secured by first mortgages, deeds of trust or similar security instruments on fee simple or leasehold interests in multifamily residential rental property consisting of five or more dwelling units. The mixed-use mortgage loans and multifamily mortgage loans may also be secured by one or more assignments of leases and rents, management agreements or operating agreements relating to the mortgaged property and in some cases by certain letters of credit, personal guarantees or both. Pursuant to an assignment of leases and rents, the related borrower assigns its right, title and interest as landlord under each related lease and the income derived from the lease to the related lender, while retaining a right to collect the rents for so long as there is no default. If the borrower defaults, the right of the borrower terminates and the related lender is entitled to collect the rents from tenants to be applied to the payment obligations of the borrower. State law may limit or restrict the enforcement of the assignment of leases and rents by a lender until the lender takes possession of the related mortgaged property and a receiver is appointed.

Mixed-use and multifamily real estate lending is generally viewed as exposing the lender to a greater risk of loss than one- to four-family residential lending. Mixed-use and multifamily real estate lending typically involves larger loans to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers than residential one- to four-family mortgage loans. Furthermore, the repayment of loans secured

 

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by income-producing properties is typically dependent upon the successful operation of the related real estate project. If the cash flow from the project is reduced, for example, if leases are not obtained or renewed, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Mixed-use and multifamily real estate can be affected significantly by supply and demand in the market for the type of property securing the loan and, therefore, may be subject to adverse economic conditions. Market values may vary as a result of economic events or governmental regulations outside the control of the borrower or lender, such as rent control laws, which impact the future cash flow of the property. Mortgage loans secured by Mixed-Use Properties, multifamily residential rental properties and unimproved land in the aggregate will not exceed ten percent (10%) by aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans in any mortgage pool as of the cut-off date specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The mortgaged properties may be located in any of the fifty states, the District of Columbia or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In addition, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the trust assets may contain Mexico Loans, which are secured by interests in trusts that own residential properties located in Mexico. The Mexico Loans will not exceed ten percent (10%) by aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans in any mortgage pool as of the cut-off date specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The mortgaged properties may be owner occupied or non-owner occupied and may include vacation homes, second homes and investment properties. The percentage of loans secured by mortgaged properties that are owner-occupied will be disclosed in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The basis for any statement that a given percentage of the loans are secured by mortgaged properties that are owner-occupied will be one of the following:

 

   

the making of a representation by the borrower at origination of a loan that the borrower intends to use the mortgaged property as a primary residence;

 

   

a representation by the originator of the loan, which may be based solely on the above clause; or

 

   

the fact that the mailing address for the borrower is the same as the address of the mortgaged property.

Any representation and warranty regarding owner-occupancy may be based solely on this information. Loans secured by investment properties, including two- to four-unit dwellings and multifamily residential rental properties, may also be secured by an assignment of leases and rents and operating or other cash flow guarantees relating to the loans.

A mortgaged property securing a loan may be subject to the senior liens securing one or more conventional mortgage loans at the time of origination and may be subject to one or more junior liens at the time of origination or after that origination. Loans evidencing liens junior or senior to the loans in the trust will likely not be included in the related trust, but the depositor, an affiliate of the depositor or an unaffiliated seller may have an interest in the junior or senior loan.

 

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The Agency Securities

Government National Mortgage Association

Ginnie Mae is a wholly owned corporate instrumentality of the United States within HUD. Section 306(g) of Title III of the National Housing Act of 1934, as amended, referred to in this prospectus as the Housing Act, authorizes Ginnie Mae to guarantee the timely payment of the principal of and interest on securities representing interests in a pool of mortgages insured by the FHA, under the Housing Act or under Title V of the Housing Act of 1949, or partially guaranteed by the VA under the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended, or under Chapter 37 of Title 38, United States Code.

Section 306(g) of the Housing Act provides that “the full faith and credit of the United States is pledged to the payment of all amounts which may be required to be paid under any guarantee under this subsection.” In order to meet its obligations under that guarantee, Ginnie Mae may, under Section 306(d) of the Housing Act, borrow from the United States Treasury an amount that is at any time sufficient to enable Ginnie Mae to perform its obligations under its guarantee. See “Additional Information” for the availability of further information regarding Ginnie Mae and Ginnie Mae securities.

Ginnie Mae Securities

In most cases, each Ginnie Mae security relating to a series, which may be a Ginnie Mae I Certificate or a Ginnie Mae II Certificate as referred to by Ginnie Mae, will be a “fully modified pass-through” mortgage-backed certificate issued and serviced by a mortgage banking company or other financial concern approved by Ginnie Mae, except any stripped mortgage backed securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or any REMIC securities issued by Ginnie Mae. The characteristics of any Ginnie Mae securities included in the trust for a series of securities will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation

Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States created under Title III of the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended, or the Freddie Mac Act. Freddie Mac was established primarily for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for the financing of needed housing. The principal activity of Freddie Mac currently consists of purchasing first-lien, conventional, residential mortgage loans or participation interests in mortgage loans and reselling the mortgage loans so purchased in the form of guaranteed mortgage securities, primarily Freddie Mac securities. In 1981, Freddie Mac initiated its Home Mortgage Guaranty Program under which it purchases mortgage loans from sellers with Freddie Mac securities representing interests in the mortgage loans so purchased. All mortgage loans purchased by Freddie Mac must meet certain standards set forth in the Freddie Mac Act. Freddie Mac is confined to purchasing, so far as practicable, mortgage loans that it deems to be of the quality and type that generally meets the purchase standards imposed by private institutional mortgage investors. See “Additional Information” for the availability of further information regarding Freddie Mac and Freddie Mac securities. Neither the United States nor any agency thereof is obligated to finance Freddie Mac’s operations or to assist Freddie Mac in any other manner.

 

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Freddie Mac Securities

In most cases, each Freddie Mac security relating to a series will represent an undivided interest in a pool of mortgage loans that typically consists of conventional loans, but may include FHA loans and VA loans, purchased by Freddie Mac, except any stripped mortgage backed securities issued by Freddie Mac. Each of those pools will consist of mortgage loans, substantially all of which are secured by one- to four-family residential properties or, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, are secured by multifamily residential rental properties. The characteristics of any Freddie Mac securities included in the trust for a series of securities will be set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Federal National Mortgage Association

Fannie Mae is a federally chartered and privately owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. § 1716 et seq.). It is the nation’s largest supplier of residential mortgage funds. Fannie Mae was originally established in 1938 as a United States government agency to provide supplemental liquidity to the mortgage market and was transformed into a stockholder-owned and privately managed corporation by legislation enacted in 1968. Fannie Mae provides funds to the mortgage market primarily by purchasing home mortgage loans from local lenders, thereby replenishing their funds for additional lending. See “Additional Information” for the availability of further information respecting Fannie Mae and Fannie Mae securities. Although the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States has authority to lend Fannie Mae up to $2.25 billion outstanding at any time, neither the United States nor any agency thereof is obligated to finance Fannie Mae’s operations or to assist Fannie Mae in any other manner.

Fannie Mae Securities

In most cases, each Fannie Mae security relating to a series will represent a fractional undivided interest in a pool of mortgage loans formed by Fannie Mae, except any stripped mortgage backed securities issued by Fannie Mae. Mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae securities will consist of fixed, variable or adjustable rate conventional mortgage loans or fixed-rate FHA loans or VA loans. Those mortgage loans may be secured by either one- to four-family or multifamily residential rental properties. The characteristics of any Fannie Mae securities included in the trust for a series of securities will be set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Private Securities

As specified in the related prospectus supplement, the private securities will primarily be similar to securities offered hereunder in their collateral and their cash flows. The primary collateral for both the private securities and the related securities will be the same pool of loans. Payments on the private securities will be passed through to holders of the related securities.

References in this prospectus to Advances to be made and other actions to be taken by the master servicer or servicer in connection with the loans may include Advances made and other actions taken under the terms of the private securities. Each security offered by this prospectus will evidence an interest in only the related pool and corresponding trust, and not in any other pool or trust related to securities issued in this prospectus.

 

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In addition, as to any series of securities secured by private securities, the private securities may consist of an ownership interest in a structuring entity formed by the depositor for the limited purpose of holding the trust assets relating to a series of securities. This special purpose entity may be organized in the form of a trust, limited partnership or limited liability company, and will be structured in a manner that will insulate the holders of securities from liabilities of the special purpose entity. The provisions governing the special purpose entity will restrict the special purpose entity from engaging in or conducting any business other than the holding of trust assets and the issuance of ownership interests in the trust assets and some incidental activities. Any ownership interest will evidence an ownership interest in the related trust assets as well as the right to receive specified cash flows derived from the trust assets, as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The obligations of the depositor as to any ownership interest will be limited to some representations and warranties relating to the trust assets, as described in this prospectus. Credit support of any of the types described in this prospectus under “Description of Credit Enhancement” may be provided for the benefit of any ownership interest, if stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

TRUST ASSET PROGRAM

Underwriting Standards

General

The depositor expects that the originator of each of the loans will have applied, consistent with applicable federal and state laws and regulations, underwriting procedures intended to evaluate the borrower’s credit standing and repayment ability and/or the value and adequacy of the related property as collateral. As described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the depositor expects that any FHA loans or VA loans will have been originated in compliance with the underwriting policies of the FHA or VA, respectively. These underwriting policies will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement to the extent material. The underwriting criteria applied by the originators of the loans included in a pool may vary significantly among sellers. The accompanying prospectus supplement will describe most aspects of the underwriting criteria, to the extent known by the depositor, that were applied by the originators of the loans. In most cases, the depositor will have less detailed information concerning the underwriting criteria used in the origination of seasoned loans than it will have concerning newly originated loans.

The underwriting standards of any particular originator typically include a set of specific criteria by which the underwriting evaluation is made. However, the application of the underwriting standards does not imply that each specific criterion was satisfied individually. Rather, a loan will be considered to be originated generally in accordance with a given set of underwriting standards if, based on an overall qualitative evaluation, the loan is in substantial compliance with the underwriting standards. For example, a loan may be considered to comply with a set of underwriting standards, even if one or more specific criteria included in the underwriting standards were not satisfied, if other factors compensated for the criteria that were not satisfied or if the loan is considered to be in substantial compliance with the underwriting standards. In the case of a Designated Seller Transaction, the applicable underwriting standards will be those of the designated seller or of the originator of the loans, and will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

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The mortgage loans in any mortgage pool may be underwritten by Residential Funding Company, LLC, a seller or a designated third party through the use of an automated underwriting system. In the case of a designated seller transaction, the mortgage loans may be underwritten by the designated seller or a designated third party through the use of an automated underwriting system. Any determination of underwriting eligibility using an automated system will only be based on the information entered into the system and the information that the system is programmed to review. Loans underwritten through the use of an automated underwriting system may not require delivery to Residential Funding Company, LLC or the designated seller of all or a portion of the related credit files. For additional information regarding automated underwriting systems that are used by Residential Funding Company, LLC to review some of the mortgage loans that it purchases and that may be included in any mortgage pool, see “—Automated Underwriting,” below.

The depositor anticipates that loans, other than the Mexico Loans and some loans secured by mortgaged properties located in Puerto Rico, included in pools for certain series of securities will have been originated based on underwriting standards and documentation requirements that are less restrictive than for other mortgage loan lending programs. In such cases, borrowers may have credit histories that contain delinquencies on mortgage and/or consumer debts. Some borrowers may have initiated bankruptcy proceedings within a few years of the time of origination of the related loan. In addition, some loans with LTV ratios over 80% will not be required to have and may not have the benefit of primary mortgage insurance. Loans and contracts that are secured by junior liens generally will not be required by the depositor to be covered by primary mortgage insurance. Likewise, loans included in a trust may have been originated in connection with a governmental program under which underwriting standards were significantly less stringent and designed to promote home ownership or the availability of affordable residential rental property regardless of higher risks of default and losses. As discussed above, in evaluating seasoned loans, the depositor may place greater weight on payment history or market and other economic trends and less weight on underwriting factors usually applied to newly originated loans.

Loan Documentation

In most cases, under a traditional “full documentation” program, each borrower will have been required to complete an application designed to provide to the original lender pertinent credit information concerning the borrower. As part of the description of the borrower’s financial condition, the borrower will have furnished information, which may or may not be verified, describing the borrower’s assets, liabilities, income, credit history and employment history, and furnished an authorization to apply for a credit report that summarizes the borrower’s available credit history with local merchants and lenders and any record of bankruptcy. The borrower may also have been required to authorize verifications of deposits at financial institutions where the borrower had demand or savings accounts. In the case of investment properties, only income derived from the mortgaged property may have been considered for underwriting purposes, rather than the income of the borrower from other sources. For mortgaged property consisting of vacation or second homes, no income derived from the property will typically have been considered for underwriting purposes.

The underwriting standards applied by originators in some cases allow for loans to be supported by alternative documentation. For alternatively documented loans, a borrower may demonstrate income and employment directly by providing alternative documentation in the form of

 

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copies of the borrower’s own records relating to income and employment, rather than having the originator obtain independent verifications from third parties, such as the borrower’s employer or mortgage servicer.

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a mortgage pool may include mortgage loans that have been underwritten pursuant to a streamlined documentation refinancing program. Such program permits some mortgage loans to be refinanced with only limited verification or updating of the underwriting information that was obtained at the time that the original mortgage loan was originated. For example, a new appraisal of a mortgaged property may not be required if the related original mortgage loan was originated up to 24 months prior to the refinancing. In addition, a mortgagor’s income may not be verified, although continued employment is required to be verified. In certain circumstances, a mortgagor may be permitted to borrow up to 100% of the outstanding principal amount of the original mortgage loan. Each mortgage loan underwritten pursuant to this program will be treated as having been underwritten pursuant to the same underwriting documentation program as the mortgage loan that it refinanced, including for purposes of the disclosure in the accompanying prospectus supplement. If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, some loans may have been originated under “limited documentation” or “no documentation” programs that require less documentation and verification than do traditional “full documentation” programs. Under a limited documentation or no documentation program, minimal or no investigation into the borrower’s credit history and income profile is undertaken by the originator and the underwriting may be based primarily or entirely on an appraisal or other valuation of the mortgaged property and the LTV or combined LTV ratio at origination.

Appraisals

The adequacy at origination of a mortgaged property as security for repayment of the related loan will typically have been determined by an appraisal. Appraisers may be either staff appraisers employed by the originator or independent appraisers selected in accordance with guidelines established by or acceptable to the originator. The appraisal procedure guidelines in most cases will have required the appraiser or an agent on its behalf to personally inspect the property and to verify whether the property was in good condition and that construction, if new, had been substantially completed. The appraisal will have considered a market data analysis of recent sales of comparable properties and, when deemed applicable, an analysis based on income generated from the property or replacement cost analysis based on the current cost of constructing or purchasing a similar property. In certain instances, the LTV ratio or combined LTV ratio may have been based on the appraised value as indicated on a review appraisal conducted by the seller or originator. Alternatively, as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, values may be supported by:

 

   

a statistical valuation;

 

   

a broker’s price opinion;

 

   

an automated appraisal, drive by appraisal or other certification of value; or

 

   

a statement of value by the borrower.

 

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A statistical valuation estimates the value of the property as determined by a form of appraisal which uses a statistical model to estimate the value of a property. The stated value will be value of the property as stated by the related borrower in his or her application. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether an appraisal of any manufactured home will not be required.

Loan-to-Value and Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios

In the case of most mortgage loans made to finance the purchase of a mortgaged property, the LTV ratio, in most cases is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the original principal amount or credit limit, as applicable, of the related loan to the lesser of (1) the appraised value determined in an appraisal obtained at origination of the related loan and (2) the sales price for the related mortgaged property, except that in the case of some employee or preferred customer loans, the denominator of the ratio may be the sales price.

In the case of certain other mortgage loans, including refinance, modified or converted mortgage loans, the LTV ratio at origination is defined as the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the principal amount of the mortgage loan to either the appraised value determined in an appraisal obtained at the time of refinancing, modification or conversion or, if no appraisal has been obtained, the value of the related mortgaged property, which value generally will be supported by either:

 

   

a representation by the related seller as to value;

 

   

an appraisal or other valuation obtained prior to origination; or

 

   

the sales price, if the related mortgaged property was purchased within the previous twelve months.

In the case of some mortgage loans seasoned for over twelve months, the LTV ratio may be determined at the time of purchase from the related seller based on the ratio of the current loan amount to the current value of the mortgaged property as determined by an appraisal or other valuation.

For any loan secured by a junior lien on the related mortgaged property, the CLTV ratio, in most cases, will be the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of (A) the sum of (1) the original principal balance or the credit limit, as applicable, and (2) the principal balance of any related senior mortgage loan at origination of the loan together with any loan subordinate to it, to (B) the appraised value of the related mortgaged property. The appraised value for any junior lien loan will be the appraised value of the related mortgaged property determined in the appraisal used in the origination of the loan, which may have been obtained at an earlier time. However, if the loan was originated simultaneously with or not more than 12 months after a senior lien on the related mortgaged property, the appraised value will in most cases be the lesser of the appraised value at the origination of the senior lien and the sales price for the mortgaged property.

As to each loan secured by a junior lien on the mortgaged property, the junior ratio will be the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the original principal balance or the credit limit, as applicable, of the loan to the sum of (1) the original principal balance or the credit limit, as

 

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applicable, of the loan and (2) the principal balance of any related senior loan at origination of the loan. The credit utilization rate for any revolving credit loan is determined by dividing the cut-off date principal balance of the revolving credit loan by the credit limit of the related credit line agreement.

Some of the loans which are subject to negative amortization will have LTV ratios that will increase after origination as a result of their negative amortization. In the case of some seasoned loans, the values used in calculating LTV ratios may no longer be accurate valuations of the mortgaged properties. Some mortgaged properties may be located in regions where property values have declined significantly since the time of origination.

The underwriting standards applied by an originator typically require that the underwriting officers of the originator be satisfied that the value of the property being financed, as indicated by an appraisal or other acceptable valuation method as described above, currently supports, except with respect to Home Loans, and is anticipated to support in the future, the outstanding loan balance. In fact, some states where the mortgaged properties may be located have “anti-deficiency” laws requiring, in general, that lenders providing credit on single family property look solely to the property for repayment in the event of foreclosure. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans.” Any of these factors could change nationwide or merely could affect a locality or region in which all or some of the mortgaged properties are located. However, declining values of real estate, as experienced periodically in certain regions, or increases in the principal balances of some loans, such as GPM Loans and negative amortization ARM loans, could cause the principal balance of some or all of these loans to exceed the value of the mortgaged properties.

Credit Scores

Credit Scores are obtained by some mortgage lenders in connection with loan applications to help assess a borrower’s creditworthiness. In addition, Credit Scores may be obtained by Residential Funding Company, LLC or the designated seller after the origination of a loan if the seller does not provide a current Credit Score. Credit Scores are obtained from credit reports provided by various credit reporting organizations, each of which may employ differing computer models and methodologies.

The Credit Score is designed to assess a borrower’s credit history at a single point in time, using objective information currently on file for the borrower at a particular credit reporting organization. Although each scoring model varies, typically Credit Scores range from approximately 350 to approximately 840, with higher scores indicating an individual with a more favorable credit history compared to an individual with a lower score. However, a Credit Score purports only to be a measurement of the relative degree of risk a borrower represents to a lender, i.e., a borrower with a higher score is statistically expected to be less likely to default in payment than a borrower with a lower score. In addition, it should be noted that Credit Scores were developed to indicate a level of default probability over a two-year period, which in most cases, does not correspond to the life of a loan. Furthermore, many Credit Scores were not developed specifically for use in connection with mortgage loans, but for consumer loans in general, and assess only the borrower’s past credit history. Therefore, in most cases, a Credit Score may not take into consideration the differences between mortgage loans and consumer loans, or the specific characteristics of the related loan, including the LTV ratio or combined LTV ratio, as applicable,

 

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the collateral for the loan, or the debt-to-income ratio. There can be no assurance that the Credit Scores of the borrowers will be an accurate predictor of the likelihood of repayment of the related loans or that any borrower’s Credit Score would not be lower if obtained as of the date of the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Application of Underwriting Standards

Based on the data provided in the application and certain verifications, if required, and the appraisal or other valuation of the mortgaged property, a determination will have been generally made by the original lender that the borrower’s monthly income, if required to be stated, would be sufficient to enable the borrower to meet its monthly obligations on the loan and other expenses related to the property. Examples of other expenses include property taxes, utility costs, standard hazard and primary mortgage insurance, maintenance fees and other levies assessed by a Cooperative, if applicable, and other fixed obligations other than housing expenses including, in the case of loans secured by a junior lien on the related mortgaged property, payments required to be made on any senior mortgage. The originator’s guidelines for loans will, in most cases, specify that scheduled payments on a loan during the first year of its term plus taxes and insurance, including primary mortgage insurance, and all scheduled payments on obligations that extend beyond one year, including those mentioned above and other fixed obligations, would equal no more than specified percentages of the prospective borrower’s gross income. The originator may also consider the amount of liquid assets available to the borrower after origination. The loan rate in effect from the origination date of an ARM loan or other types of loans to the first adjustment date are likely to be lower, and may be significantly lower, than the sum of the then-applicable index and Note Margin. Similarly, the amount of the monthly payment on Buy-Down Loans, GEM Loans or other graduated payment loans will, and on negative amortization loans may, increase periodically. If the borrowers’ incomes do not increase in an amount commensurate with the increases in monthly payments, the likelihood of default will increase. In addition, in the case of loans that are subject to negative amortization, the principal balances of those loans are more likely to equal or exceed the value of the underlying mortgaged properties due to the addition of deferred interest, thereby increasing the likelihood of defaults and losses. For Balloon Loans, payment of the Balloon Amount will depend on the borrower’s ability to obtain refinancing or to sell the mortgaged property prior to the maturity of the Balloon Loan, and there can be no assurance that refinancing will be available to the borrower or that a sale will be possible.

In some circumstances, the loans have been made to employees or preferred customers of the originator for which, in accordance with the originator’s mortgage loan programs, income, asset and employment verifications and appraisals may not have been required. As to loans made under any employee loan program maintained by Residential Funding Company, LLC, GMAC Mortgage, LLC or any of their affiliates, in limited circumstances preferential note rates may be allowed.

A portion of the loans may be purchased in negotiated transactions, and those negotiated transactions may be governed by agreements, known as master commitments, relating to ongoing purchases of loans by Residential Funding Company, LLC or the designated seller, from sellers who will represent that the loans have been originated in accordance with underwriting standards agreed to by Residential Funding Company, LLC or the designated seller, as applicable. Residential Funding Company, LLC or the designated seller, as the case may be, on behalf of the depositor or a designated third party, will normally review only a limited portion of the loans in any delivery from

 

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the related seller for conformity with the applicable underwriting standards. A portion of loans may be purchased from sellers who may represent that the loans were originated under underwriting standards acceptable to Residential Funding Company, LLC or the designated seller. Loans purchased under Residential Funding Company, LLC’s negotiated conduit asset program are not typically purchased pursuant to master commitments.

The level of review by Residential Funding Company, LLC, if any, will vary depending on several factors, including its experience with the seller. Residential Funding Company, LLC, on behalf of the depositor, typically will review a sample of the loans purchased by Residential Funding Company, LLC for conformity with Residential Funding Company, LLC’s underwriting standards or applicable underwriting standards specified in this prospectus or the accompanying prospectus supplement, and to assess the likelihood of repayment of the loan from the various sources for such repayment, including the borrower, the mortgaged property, and primary mortgage insurance, if any. Such underwriting reviews will generally not be conducted with respect to any individual mortgage pool related to a series of securities. In reviewing seasoned loans, or loans that have been outstanding for more than 12 months, Residential Funding Company, LLC may take into consideration, in addition to or in lieu of the factors described above, the borrower’s actual payment history in assessing a borrower’s current ability to make payments on the loan. In addition, Residential Funding Company, LLC may conduct additional procedures to assess the current value of the mortgaged properties. Those procedures may consist of statistical valuations, drive-by appraisals or real estate broker’s price opinions. The depositor may also consider a specific area’s housing value trends. These alternative valuation methods may not be as reliable as the type of borrower financial information or appraisals that are typically obtained at origination. In its underwriting analysis, Residential Funding Company, LLC may also consider the applicable Credit Score of the related borrower used in connection with the origination or acquisition of the loan, as determined based on a credit scoring model acceptable to the depositor. Residential Funding Company, LLC will not undertake any review of loans sold to the depositor in a Designated Seller Transaction.

Mixed-Use and Multifamily Underwriting Standards

The underwriting standards applicable to Mixed-Use Properties and multifamily residential rental properties will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Automated Underwriting

In recent years, the use of automated underwriting systems has become commonplace in the residential mortgage market. In general, these systems are programmed to review most of the information that is set forth in Residential Funding Company, LLC’s underwriting criteria that is necessary to satisfy each underwriting program.

In some cases, Residential Funding Company, LLC enters the information into the automated underwriting system using the documentation delivered to Residential Funding Company, LLC by the seller. In other cases, the seller enters the information directly into the automated underwriting system. If a seller enters the information, Residential Funding Company, LLC will verify that the information relating to the underwriting criteria that it considers most important accurately reflects the information contained in the underwriting documentation.

 

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Because an automated underwriting system will only consider the information that it is programmed to review, which may be more limited than the information that could be considered in the course of a manual review, some mortgage loans may be approved by an automated system that would have been rejected through a manual review. In addition, there could be programming inconsistencies between an automated underwriting system and the applicable underwriting criteria, which could in turn be applied to numerous mortgage loans that the system reviews. We cannot assure you that an automated underwriting review will in all cases result in the same determination as a manual review with respect to whether a mortgage loan satisfies Residential Funding Company, LLC’s underwriting criteria.

Any automated underwriting system utilized by a designated seller for a material portion of the loans in the related loan pool will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The Negotiated Conduit Asset Program

Some of the loans included in a trust may have been acquired and evaluated under Residential Funding Company, LLC’s negotiated conduit asset program. The negotiated conduit asset program allows for loans with document deficiencies, program violations, unusual property types, seasoned loans, delinquent loans, and loans not eligible for Residential Funding Company, LLC’s other programs. In most cases, the negotiated conduit asset program loans fall into three categories: Portfolio Programs, Program Exceptions and Seasoned Loans.

Portfolio Programs: These loans are originated by various originators for their own mortgage loan portfolio and not under any of Residential Funding Company, LLC’s standard programs or any other secondary market program. Typically, these loans are originated under programs offered by financial depository institutions that were designed to provide the financial institution with a competitive origination advantage. This is achieved by permitting loan terms and underwriting criteria that did not conform with typical secondary market standards, with the intention that these loans would be held in the originating institution’s portfolio rather than sold in the secondary market. However, for various reasons including merger or acquisition or other financial considerations specific to the originating institution, that institution may offer the loans for sale, and the loans are then acquired by Residential Funding Company, LLC in the secondary market.

Program Exceptions: These loans are originated for sale in the secondary market with the intention that the loans will meet the criteria and underwriting guidelines of a standard loan purchase program of Residential Funding Company, LLC, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or another secondary market participant. However, after origination it may be determined that the loans do not meet the requirements of the intended program for any of a number of reasons, including the failure to reach required loan-to-value ratios, debt-to-income ratios or credit scores, or because the mortgage file has document deficiencies.

Seasoned Loans: These loans are acquired by Residential Funding Company, LLC through the exercise of a right to repurchase loans in a pool previously securitized by the depositor or any of its affiliates, or are other seasoned loans. In most cases, these loans are seasoned longer than twelve months. Due to the length of time since origination, no assurance can be given as to whether such loans will conform with current underwriting criteria or documentation requirements. Although at

 

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origination some of the loans may have been purchased through one of Residential Funding Company, LLC’s standard loan purchase programs, seasoned loans are typically not purchased through these programs because these programs require current information regarding the mortgagor’s credit and the property value.

Evaluation Standards for Negotiated Conduit Asset Program Loans: Most negotiated conduit asset program loans are evaluated by Residential Funding Company, LLC to determine whether the characteristics of the loan, the borrower and the collateral, taken as a whole, represent a prudent lending risk. The factors considered include:

 

   

the mortgage loan’s payment terms and characteristics;

 

   

the borrower’s credit score;

 

   

the value of the mortgaged property, which may be estimated using a broker’s price opinion or a statistical valuation;

 

   

the credit and legal documentation associated with the loan;

 

   

the seasoning of the loan;

 

   

an evaluation of the financial capacity, eligibility and experience of the seller and/or servicer of the loan; and

 

   

the representations and warranties made by the seller.

In most cases, Residential Funding Company, LLC orders an updated credit score for each loan reviewed. For seasoned loans, an updated credit score is ordered for the primary borrower as reported on the tape data or loan file submitted by the seller. Periodic quality control reviews are performed. In addition, statistical property valuations and drive-by appraisals may be used, or a review may be done of the original appraisal.

Many of the negotiated conduit asset program loans include characteristics representing underwriting deficiencies as compared to other mortgage loans originated in compliance with standard origination programs for the secondary mortgage market. In addition, some of the mortgaged properties for these loans are not typically permitted in the secondary market, including mixed-use properties, incomplete properties, properties with deferred maintenance, and properties with excess acreage.

The negotiated conduit asset program loans may have missing or defective loan documentation. Neither Residential Funding Company, LLC nor the seller will be obligated to repurchase a negotiated conduit asset program loan because of such missing or defective documentation unless the omission or defect materially interferes with the servicer’s or master servicer’s ability to foreclose on the related mortgaged property.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES

General

The securities will be issued in series. Each series of certificates or, in some instances, two or more series of certificates, will be issued under a pooling and servicing agreement or, in the case of certificates backed by private securities, a trust agreement, similar to one of the forms filed as an exhibit to the registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the certificates of which this prospectus is a part. Each series of notes will be issued under an indenture between the related trust and the entity named in the accompanying prospectus supplement as indenture trustee for the series. A form of indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the notes of which this prospectus forms a part. In the case of each series of notes, the depositor, the related trust and the entity named in the accompanying prospectus supplement as master servicer for the series will enter into a separate servicing agreement. Each pooling and servicing agreement, trust agreement, servicing agreement, and indenture will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to a Form 8-K. The following summaries (together with additional summaries under “The Agreements” below) describe all material terms and provisions relating to the securities common to each agreement. All references to an “agreement” and any discussion of the provisions of any agreement applies to pooling and servicing agreements, trust agreements, servicing agreements and indentures, as applicable. The summaries do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of related agreement for each trust and the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Each series of securities may consist of any one or a combination of the following types of securities:

 

Accretion Directed

  A class that receives principal payments from the accreted interest from specified accrual classes. An accretion directed class also may receive principal payments from principal paid on the underlying pool of assets.

Accrual

  A class that accretes the amount of accrued interest otherwise distributable on the class, which amount will be added as principal to the principal balance of the class on each applicable distribution date. The accretion may continue until some specified event has occurred or until the accrual class is retired.

Companion

  A class that receives principal payments on any distribution date only if scheduled payments have been made on specified planned principal classes, targeted principal classes or scheduled principal classes.

 

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Component

  A class consisting of “components.” The components of a class of component certificates may have different principal and interest payment characteristics but together constitute a single class. Each component of a class of component certificates may be identified as falling into one or more of the categories.

Fixed Rate

  A class with an interest rate that is fixed throughout the life of the class.

Floating Rate

  A class with an interest rate that resets periodically based upon a designated index and that varies directly with changes in the index.

Interest Only

  A class having no principal balance and bearing interest on the related notional amount. The notional amount is used for purposes of the determination of interest distributions.

Inverse Floating Rate

  A class with an interest rate that resets periodically based upon a designated index and that varies inversely with changes in the index.

Lockout

  A class that, for the period of time specified in the related prospectus supplement, generally will not receive (in other words, is locked out of) (1) principal prepayments on the underlying pool of assets that are allocated disproportionately to the senior certificates because of the shifting interest structure of the certificates in the trust and/or (2) scheduled principal payments on the underlying pool of assets, as specified in the related prospectus supplement. During the lock-out period, the portion of the principal distributions on the underlying pool of assets that the lockout class is locked out of will be distributed to the other classes of senior certificates.

Partial Accrual

  A class that accretes a portion of the amount of accrued interest on it, which amount will be added to the principal balance of the class on each applicable distribution date, with the remainder of the accrued interest to be distributed currently as interest on the class. The accretion may continue until a specified event has occurred or until the partial accrual class is retired.

 

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Principal Only

  A class that does not bear interest and is entitled to receive only distributions of principal.

Planned Principal or PACs

  A class that is designed to receive principal payments using a predetermined principal balance schedule derived by assuming two constant prepayment rates for the underlying pool of assets. These two rates are the endpoints for the “structuring range” for the planned principal class. The planned principal classes in any series of certificates may be subdivided into different categories (e.g., primary planned principal classes, secondary planned principal classes and so forth) having different effective structuring ranges and different principal payment priorities. The structuring range for the secondary planned principal class of a series of certificates will be narrower than that for the primary planned principal class of the series.
Scheduled Principal   A class that is designed to receive principal payments using a predetermined principal balance schedule but is not designated as a planned principal class or targeted principal class. In many cases, the schedule is derived by assuming two constant prepayment rates for the underlying pool of assets. These two rates are the endpoints for the “structuring range” for the scheduled principal class.

Senior Support

  A class that absorbs the realized losses other than excess losses that would otherwise be allocated to a super senior class after the related classes of subordinated certificates are no longer outstanding.

Sequential Pay

  Classes that receive principal payments in a prescribed sequence, that do not have predetermined principal balance schedules and that under all circumstances receive payments of principal continuously from the first distribution date on which they receive

 

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    principal until they are retired. A single class that receives
principal payments before or after all other classes in the same
series of security may be identified as a sequential pay class.

Super Senior

  A class that will not bear its proportionate share of realized losses (other than excess losses) as its share is directed to another class, referred to as the “senior support class” until the class certificate balance of the support class is reduced to zero.

Targeted Principal or TACs

  A class that is designed to receive principal payments using a predetermined principal balance schedule derived by assuming a single constant prepayment rate for the underlying pool of assets.

Variable Rate

  A class with an interest rate that resets periodically and is calculated by reference to the rate or rates of interest applicable to specified assets or instruments (e.g., the mortgage rates borne by the underlying mortgage loans).

Credit support for each series of securities may be provided by a mortgage pool insurance policy, mortgage insurance policy, special hazard insurance policy, bankruptcy bond, letter of credit, purchase obligation, reserve fund, any uncertificated interest in the trust assets, overcollateralization, financial guaranty insurance policy, derivative products, surety bond or other credit enhancement as described under “Description of Credit Enhancement,” or by the subordination of one or more classes of securities as described under “Description of Credit Enhancement—Subordination” or by any combination of the foregoing.

Form of Securities

As specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the securities of each series will be issued either as physical securities or in book-entry form. If issued as physical securities, the securities will be in fully registered form only in the denominations specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, and will be transferable and exchangeable at the corporate trust office of the certificate registrar or note registrar, as applicable, appointed under the related pooling and servicing agreement or indenture to register the securities. No service charge will be made for any registration of exchange or transfer of securities, but the trustee may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge. The term securityholder or holder refers to the entity whose name appears on the records of the security registrar or, if applicable, a transfer agent, as the registered holder of the security, except as otherwise indicated in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

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If issued in book-entry form, the classes of a series of securities will be initially issued through the book-entry facilities of The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. No global security representing book-entry securities may be transferred except as a whole by DTC to a nominee of DTC, or by a nominee of DTC to another nominee of DTC. DTC or its nominee will be the only registered holder of the securities and will be considered the sole representative of the beneficial owners of securities for all purposes.

The registration of the global securities in the name of Cede & Co. will not affect beneficial ownership and is performed merely to facilitate subsequent transfers. The book-entry system is also used because it eliminates the need for physical movement of securities. The laws of some jurisdictions, however, may require some purchasers to take physical delivery of their securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to own or transfer book-entry securities.

Purchasers of securities in the United States may hold interests in the global securities through DTC, either directly, if they are participants in that system, or otherwise indirectly through a participant in DTC. Purchasers of securities in Europe may hold interests in the global securities through Clearstream, Luxembourg, or through Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear system.

Because DTC will be the only registered owner of the global securities, Clearstream, Luxembourg and Euroclear will hold positions through their respective U.S. depositories, which in turn will hold positions on the books of DTC.

DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, which holds securities for its DTC participants, which include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations. DTC together with the Clearstream and Euroclear System participating organizations facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between participants through electronic book-entry changes in the accounts of participants. Other institutions that are not participants but indirect participants which clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with participants have indirect access to DTC’s clearance system.

No beneficial owner in an interest in any book-entry security will be entitled to receive a security representing that interest in registered, certificated form, unless either (i) DTC ceases to act as depository for that security and a successor depository is not obtained, or (ii) the depositor notifies DTC of its intent to terminate the book-entry system and, upon receipt of a notice of intent from DTC, the participants holding beneficial interests in the book-entry securities agree to initiate a termination. Upon the occurrence of one of the foregoing events, the trustee is required to notify, through DTC, participants who have ownership of DTC registered securities as indicated on the records of DTC of the availability of definitive securities for their DTC registered securities. Upon surrender by DTC of the definitive securities representing the DTC registered securities and upon receipt of instructions from DTC for re-registration, the trustee will reissue the DTC registered securities as definitive securities issued in the respective principal amounts owned by individual beneficial owners, and thereafter the trustee and the master servicer will recognize the holders of the definitive securities as securityholders under the pooling and servicing agreement or indenture, as applicable.

 

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Because of time zone differences, the securities account of a Clearstream or Euroclear System participant as a result of a transaction with a DTC participant, other than a depositary holding on behalf of Clearstream or Euroclear System, will be credited during a subsequent securities settlement processing day, which must be a business day for Clearstream or Euroclear System, as the case may be, immediately following the DTC settlement date. Credits or any transactions in those securities settled during this processing will be reported to the relevant Euroclear System participant or Clearstream participants on that business day. Cash received in Clearstream or Euroclear System as a result of sales of securities by or through a Clearstream participant or Euroclear System participant to a DTC participant, other than the depositary for Clearstream or Euroclear System, will be received with value on the DTC settlement date, but will be available in the relevant Clearstream or Euroclear System cash account only as of the business day following settlement in DTC.

Transfers between participants will occur in accordance with DTC rules. Transfers between Clearstream participants and Euroclear System participants will occur in accordance with their respective rules and operating procedures.

Cross-market transfers between persons holding directly or indirectly through DTC, on the one hand, and directly or indirectly through Clearstream participants or Euroclear System participants, on the other, will be effected in DTC in accordance with DTC rules on behalf of the relevant European international clearing system by the relevant depositaries; however, the cross-market transactions will require delivery of instructions to the relevant European international clearing system by the counterparty in that system in accordance with its rules and procedures and within its established deadlines defined with respect to European time. The relevant European international clearing system will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its depositary to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving securities in DTC, and making or receiving payment in accordance with normal procedures for same day funds settlement applicable to DTC. Clearstream participants and Euroclear System participants may not deliver instructions directly to the depositaries.

Clearstream, as a professional depository, holds securities for its participating organizations and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between Clearstream participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of Clearstream participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities. As a professional depository, Clearstream is subject to regulation by the Luxembourg Monetary Institute.

Euroclear System was created to hold securities for participants of Euroclear System and to clear and settle transactions between Euroclear System participants through simultaneous electronic book-entry delivery against payment, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities and any risk from lack of simultaneous transfers of securities and cash. The Euroclear System operator is Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., under contract with the clearance cooperative, Euroclear System Clearance Systems S.C., a Belgian co-operative corporation. All operations are conducted by the Euroclear System operator, and all Euroclear System securities clearance accounts and Euroclear System cash accounts are accounts with the Euroclear System operator, not the clearance cooperative.

 

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The clearance cooperative establishes policy for Euroclear System on behalf of Euroclear System participants. Securities clearance accounts and cash accounts with the Euroclear System operator are governed by the terms and conditions Governing Use of Euroclear System and the related operating procedures of the Euroclear System and applicable Belgian law. The terms and conditions govern transfers of securities and cash within Euroclear System, withdrawals of securities and cash from Euroclear System, and receipts of payments for securities in Euroclear System. All securities in Euroclear System are held on a fungible basis without attribution of specific securities to specific securities clearance accounts.

Distributions on the book-entry securities will be forwarded by the trustee to DTC, and DTC will be responsible for forwarding those payments to participants, each of which will be responsible for disbursing the payments to the beneficial owners it represents or, if applicable, to indirect participants. Accordingly, beneficial owners may experience delays in the receipt of payments relating to their securities. Under DTC’s procedures, DTC will take actions permitted to be taken by holders of any class of book-entry securities under the related agreement only at the direction of one or more participants to whose account the book-entry securities are credited and whose aggregate holdings represent no less than any minimum amount of percentage interests or voting rights required therefor. DTC may take conflicting actions for any action of securityholders of any class to the extent that participants authorize those actions. None of the master servicer, the servicer, the depositor, the trustee or any of their respective affiliates has undertaken any responsibility or assumed any responsibility for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the book-entry securities, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to those beneficial ownership interests.

Assignment of Loans

At the time of issuance of a series of securities, the depositor will cause the loans and any other assets included in the related trust to be assigned without recourse to the trustee or owner trustee or its nominee, which may be the custodian, together with, all principal and interest received on the trust assets after the last day of the month of the cut-off date, but not including principal and interest due on or before such date or any Excluded Spread. Each loan will be identified in a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the related agreement. Each schedule of loans will include, among other things, information as to the principal balance of each loan as of the cut-off date, as well as information respecting the loan rate, the currently scheduled monthly payment of principal and interest, the maturity of the mortgage note and the LTV ratio or combined LTV ratio and junior mortgage ratio, as applicable, at origination or modification.

If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, and in accordance with the rules of membership of MERSCORP, Inc. and/or Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. or, MERS®, assignments of mortgages for any trust asset in the related trust will be registered electronically through Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc., or MERS® System. For trust assets registered through the MERS® System, MERS® shall serve as mortgagee of record solely as a nominee in an administrative capacity on behalf of the trustee and shall not have any interest in any of those trust assets.

The depositor will, as to each mortgage loan other than mortgage loans underlying any mortgage securities, deliver to the trustee or to the custodian, the mortgage note and any

 

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modification or amendment thereto endorsed without recourse either in blank or to the order of the trustee or its nominee. In addition, except as provided below for some series of securities backed by Trust Balances of revolving credit loans, the depositor will, as to each loan that is a trust asset, deliver to an entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, which may be the sponsor, the servicer, the master servicer, the trustee, a custodian or another entity appointed by the trustee, a set of the remaining legal documents relating to each loan that are in possession of the depositor. Depending on the type of trust asset, the legal documents may include the following, as applicable:

 

   

the mortgage, except for any mortgage not returned from the public recording office, with evidence of recording indicated thereon or a copy of the mortgage with evidence of recording indicated thereon or, in the case of a Cooperative Loan or a Mexico Loan, the respective security agreements and any applicable UCC financing statements;

 

   

an assignment in recordable form of the mortgage, except in the case of a mortgage registered with MERS®, or a copy of such assignment with evidence of recording indicated thereon or, for a Cooperative Loan, an assignment of the respective security agreements, any applicable financing statements, recognition agreements, relevant stock certificates, related blank stock powers and the related proprietary leases or occupancy agreements and, for a mixed-use mortgage loan and multifamily mortgage loan, the assignment of leases, rents and profits, if separate from the mortgage, and an executed reassignment of the assignment of leases, rents and profits and, with respect to a Mexico Loan, an assignment of the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust;

 

   

if applicable, any riders or modifications to the mortgage note and mortgage or a copy of any riders or modifications to the mortgage note and mortgage, together with any other documents at such times as described in the related agreement; and

 

   

if applicable, the original contract and copies of documents and instruments related to each contract and, other than in the case of unsecured contracts, the security interest in the property securing the related contract.

Assignments of the loans, including contracts secured by liens on mortgaged property, will be recorded in the appropriate public recording office, except for mortgages registered with MERS® or in states where, in the opinion of counsel acceptable to the trustee, the recording is not required to protect the trustee’s interests in the loans against the claim of any subsequent transferee or any successor to or creditor of the depositor or the originator of the loans, or where failure to record assignments will not adversely affect the rating of the securities by any rating agency. The assignments may be blanket assignments covering mortgages secured by mortgaged properties located in the same county, if permitted by law.

If so provided in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the depositor may not be required to deliver one or more of the related documents if any of the documents are missing from the files of the party from whom the loans were purchased. For example, in the case of loans purchased under Residential Funding Company, LLC’s negotiated conduit asset program, the depositor will not be required to deliver documentation that was missing from the files of the seller.

 

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In the case of contracts, the depositor, the master servicer or the servicer will cause a financing statement to be executed by the depositor identifying the trustee as the secured party and identifying all contracts as collateral. However, the accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the contracts will not be stamped or otherwise marked to reflect their assignment from the depositor to the trust and no recordings or filings will be made in the jurisdictions in which the manufactured homes are located. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans —The Manufactured Housing Contracts” and “—The Home Improvement Contracts.”

Any mortgage for a loan secured by mortgaged property located in Puerto Rico will be either a Direct Puerto Rico Mortgage or an Endorsable Puerto Rico Mortgage. Endorsable Puerto Rico Mortgages do not require an assignment to transfer the related lien. Rather, transfer of those mortgages follows an effective endorsement of the related mortgage note and, therefore, delivery of the assignment referred to in the fifth preceding paragraph would be inapplicable. Direct Puerto Rico Mortgages, however, require an assignment to be recorded for any transfer of the related lien and the assignment would be delivered to the sponsor, the servicer, the master servicer, the trustee, or the custodian, as applicable.

If, for any loan including any contract secured by a lien on mortgaged property, the depositor cannot deliver the mortgage or any assignment with evidence of recording thereon concurrently with the execution and delivery of the related agreement because of a delay caused by the public recording office or a delay in the receipt of information necessary to prepare the related assignment, the depositor will deliver or cause to be delivered to the sponsor, the servicer, the master servicer, the trustee or the custodian, as applicable, a copy of the mortgage or assignment. The depositor will deliver or cause to be delivered to the sponsor, the servicer, the master servicer, the trustee or the custodian, as applicable, such mortgage or assignment with evidence of recording indicated thereon after receipt thereof from the public recording office or from the related master servicer or servicer.

In most cases, the trustee or the custodian, as applicable, will review the mortgage notes delivered to it within 90 days after receipt. If any such mortgage note is found to be defective in any material respect, the trustee or the custodian, as applicable, shall notify the master servicer or servicer and the depositor, and the master servicer, the servicer or the trustee shall notify the seller, including a designated seller. Other than with respect to loans purchased under Residential Funding Company, LLC’s negotiated conduit asset program or other loans as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, if the seller cannot cure the defect within 60 days, or within the other period specified in the related prospectus supplement, after notice of the defect is given to the seller, the seller is required to, not later than 90 days after such notice, or within the other period specified in the related prospectus supplement, either repurchase the related loan or any property acquired in respect of it from the trustee or, if permitted, substitute for that loan a new loan in accordance with the standards described in this prospectus. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the purchase price for any loan will be equal to the principal balance thereof as of the date of purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest less the amount, expressed as a percentage per annum, payable for servicing or administrative compensation and the Excluded Spread, if any. There can be no assurance that the applicable seller or designated seller will fulfill its obligation to purchase or substitute any loan as described above. In most cases only the seller or the designated seller, and not Residential Funding Company, LLC, will be obligated to repurchase a loan for a material defect in a constituent document. The obligation to repurchase or substitute for a loan constitutes the sole remedy available to the securityholder or the trustee for a material defect in a constituent document. Any loan not so purchased or substituted for shall remain in the related trust.

 

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For any series of securities backed by Trust Balances of revolving credit loans, the foregoing documents in most cases will have been delivered to an entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, which may be the trustee, a custodian or another entity appointed by the trustee. That entity shall hold those documents as or on behalf of the trustee for the benefit of the securityholders, for the Trust Balances thereof, and on behalf of any other applicable entity for any Excluded Balance thereof, as their respective interests may appear. In those cases, the review of the related documents need not be performed if a similar review has previously been performed by the entity holding the documents for an Excluded Balance and such review covered all documentation for any Trust Balance.

Under some circumstances, as to any series of securities, the depositor may have the option to repurchase trust assets from the trust for cash, or in exchange for other trust assets or Permitted Investments. Alternatively, for any series of securities secured by private securities, the depositor may have the right to repurchase loans from the entity that issued the private securities. All provisions relating to these optional repurchase provisions will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Representations With Respect to Loans

Except in the case of a Designated Seller Transaction, all of the representations and warranties of a seller relating to a trust asset will have been made as of the date on which the related seller sold the trust asset to the depositor, Residential Funding Company, LLC, GMAC Mortgage, LLC or one of their affiliates or the date that the trust asset was originated. In a Designated Seller Transaction, the Designated Seller would make substantially the same representations and warranties, which are not expected to vary in any material respect. The date as of which the representations and warranties were made typically will be a date prior to the date of issuance of the related series of securities. A substantial period of time may elapse between the date as of which the representations and warranties were made and the date of issuance of the related series of securities. The seller’s repurchase obligation if any, or, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, limited substitution option, will not arise if, after the sale of the related trust asset, an event occurs that would have given rise to such an obligation had the event occurred prior to that period.

Except in the case of (i) a Designated Seller Transaction, (ii) loans acquired under Residential Funding Company, LLC’s negotiated conduit asset program, or (iii) loans underlying any private securities, for any loan, in most cases, Residential Funding Company, LLC will provided all of the representations and warranties required by the applicable rating agency or agencies. Residential Funding Company, LLC generally will represent and warrant that:

 

   

as of the cut-off date, the information set forth in a listing of the related loans was true and correct in all material respects;

 

   

to the best of Residential Funding Company, LLC’s knowledge, if required by applicable underwriting standards or unless otherwise stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, each loan that is secured by a first lien on the related mortgaged property is the subject of a primary insurance policy;

 

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Residential Funding Company, LLC had good title to the loan and the loan is not subject to offsets, defenses or counterclaims except as may be provided under the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, or Relief Act, and except for any buy-down agreement for a Buy-Down Loan;

 

   

to the best of Residential Funding Company, LLC’s knowledge, each mortgaged property is free of material damage and is in good repair;

 

   

each loan complied in all material respects with all applicable local, state and federal laws at the time of origination;

 

   

to the best of Residential Funding Company, LLC’s knowledge, there is no delinquent tax or assessment lien against the related mortgaged property; and

 

   

to the best of Residential Funding Company, LLC’s knowledge, any home improvement contract that is partially insured by the FHA under Title I was originated in accordance with applicable FHA regulations and is insured, without set-off, surcharge or defense by the FHA.

To the extent described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, enforcement of any remedies for a breach of a representation and warranty may be limited to a specific period of time.

In addition, except in the case of a Designated Seller Transaction, Residential Funding Company, LLC will be obligated to repurchase or substitute for any loan as to which it is discovered that the related mortgage does not create a valid lien having at least the priority represented and warranted in the related agreement on or, in the case of a Cooperative Loan, a perfected security interest in, the related mortgaged property, subject only to the following:

 

   

liens of real property taxes and assessments not yet due and payable;

 

   

covenants, conditions and restrictions, rights of way, easements and other matters of public record as of the date of recording of such mortgage and certain other permissible title exceptions;

 

   

liens of any senior mortgages, in the case of loans secured by junior liens on the related mortgaged property; and

 

   

other encumbrances to which like properties are commonly subject that do not materially adversely affect the value, use, enjoyment or marketability of the mortgaged property.

Sellers will typically make certain limited representations and warranties with respect to the trust assets that they sell. However, trust assets purchased from certain unaffiliated sellers may be purchased with very limited or no representations and warranties. In addition, unless provided in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the representations and warranties of the seller will not

 

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be assigned to the trustee for the benefit of the holders of the related series of securities, and therefore a breach of the representations and warranties of the seller, in most cases, will not be enforceable on behalf of the trust.

Repurchases of Loans

If a designated seller or Residential Funding Company, LLC cannot cure a breach of any representation or warranty made by it relating to any loan, or if a seller cannot cure a breach of any representation or warranty made by it that is assigned to the trust, within 90 days after notice from the master servicer, the servicer or the trustee, and the breach materially and adversely affects the interests of the securityholders in the loan, the designated seller, Residential Funding Company, LLC or the seller, as the case may be, will be obligated to purchase the loan. The purchase price for any loan will be equal to the principal balance thereof as of the date of purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest less the amount, expressed as a percentage per annum, payable for servicing or administrative compensation and the Excluded Spread, if any. In certain limited cases, a substitution may be made in lieu of such repurchase obligation. See “—Limited Right of Substitution” below.

Because the listing of the related loan in most cases contains information for the loan as of the cut-off date, prepayments and, in certain limited circumstances, modifications to the interest rate and principal and interest payments may have been made for one or more of the related loans between the cut-off date and the closing date. No seller will be required to repurchase or substitute for any loan as a result of any such prepayment or modification.

In addition, the accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the loan files for certain of the loans may be missing the original executed mortgage notes as a result of being lost, misfiled, misplaced or destroyed. With respect to all such loans, the depositor in most cases will deliver a lost note affidavit to the trustee or custodian certifying that the original mortgage note has been lost or destroyed, together with a copy of the related mortgage note. In addition, some of the loans may be missing intervening assignments. None of the depositor, Residential Funding Company, LLC or the seller will be obligated to purchase loans acquired under the negotiated conduit asset program, or other loans as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, for missing or defective documentation. However, in the event of foreclosure on one of these loans, to the extent those missing documents materially and adversely affect the master servicer’s or servicer’s ability to foreclose on the related loan, Residential Funding Company, LLC will be obligated to repurchase or substitute for the loan.

The master servicer is not obligated to review, and will not review, every loan that is in foreclosure or delinquent to determine if a breach of a representation and warranty has occurred. The master servicer will maintain policies and procedures regarding repurchase practices that are consistent with its general servicing activities. These policies and procedures generally will limit review of loans that are seasoned and these policies and procedures are subject to change, in good faith, to reflect the master servicer’s current servicing activities. Application of these policies and procedures may result in losses being borne by the related credit enhancement and, to the extent not available, the related securityholders.

The master servicer or servicer will be entitled to reimbursement for any costs and expenses incurred in pursuing these purchase or substitution obligations, including but not limited to any

 

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costs or expenses associated with litigation. In instances where a seller is unable, or disputes its obligation, to purchase affected loans, the master servicer or servicer, employing the standards described in the preceding paragraph, may negotiate and enter into one or more settlement agreements with that seller that could provide for, among other things, the purchase of only a portion of the affected loans or coverage of some loss amounts. Any such settlement could lead to losses on the loans that would be borne by the related credit enhancement, and to the extent not available, on the related securities.

Furthermore, the master servicer or servicer may pursue foreclosure or similar remedies concurrently with pursuing any remedy for a breach of a representation and warranty. However, the master servicer or servicer is not required to continue to pursue both remedies if it determines that one remedy is more likely to result in a greater recovery. In accordance with the above-described practices, the master servicer or servicer will not be required to enforce any purchase obligation of a designated seller, Residential Funding Company, LLC or seller, if the master servicer or servicer determines in the reasonable exercise of its business judgment that the matters related to the misrepresentation did not directly cause or are not likely to directly cause a loss on the related loan. The foregoing obligations will constitute the sole remedies available to securityholders or the trustee for a breach of any representation by a designated seller, Residential Funding Company, LLC in its capacity as a seller of loans to the depositor or the seller, or for any other event giving rise to the obligations.

Neither the depositor nor the master servicer or servicer will be obligated to purchase a loan if a designated seller defaults on its obligation to do so, and no assurance can be given that a designated seller will carry out those obligations. This type of default by a designated seller is not a default by the depositor or by the master servicer or servicer. Any loan not so purchased or substituted for shall remain in the related trust and any losses related to it will be allocated to the related credit enhancement, and to the extent not available, to the related securities.

For any seller that requests the master servicer’s or servicer’s consent to the transfer of subservicing rights relating to any loans to a successor servicer, the master servicer or servicer may release that seller from liability under its representations and warranties described above, on the assumption of the successor servicer of the seller’s liability for the representations and warranties as of the date they were made. In that event, the master servicer’s or servicer’s rights under the instrument by which the successor servicer assumes the seller’s liability will be assigned to the trustee, and the successor servicer shall be deemed to be the “seller” for purposes of the foregoing provisions.

Limited Right of Substitution

In the case of a loan required to be repurchased from the trust, a designated seller or Residential Funding Company, LLC may substitute a new loan for the repurchased loan that was removed from the trust, during the limited time period described below. Under some circumstances, any substitution must be effected within 120 days of the date of the issuance of the securities for a trust. For a trust for which a REMIC election is to be made, the substitution must be effected within two years of the date of the issuance of the securities, and may not be made unless an opinion of counsel is delivered to the effect that the substitution would not cause the trust to fail to qualify as a REMIC and either (a) an opinion of counsel is delivered to the effect that such substitution would not result in a prohibited transaction tax under the Internal Revenue Code or (b) the trust is indemnified for any prohibited transaction tax that may result from the substitution.

 

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In most cases, any qualified substitute loan will, on the date of substitution:

 

   

have an outstanding principal balance, after deduction of the principal portion of the monthly payment due in the month of substitution, not in excess of the outstanding principal balance of the repurchased loan;

 

   

have a loan rate and a Net Loan Rate not less than, and not more than one percentage point greater than, the loan rate and Net Loan Rate, respectively, of the repurchased loan as of the date of substitution;

 

   

have an LTV ratio or combined LTV ratio, as applicable, at the time of substitution no higher than that of the repurchased loan;

 

   

have a remaining term to maturity not greater than, and not more than one year less than, that of the repurchased loan;

 

   

be secured by mortgaged property located in the United States, unless the repurchased loan was a Mexico Loan or a loan secured by mortgaged property located in Puerto Rico, in which case the qualified substitute loan may be a Mexico Loan or a loan secured by mortgaged property located in Puerto Rico, respectively; and

 

   

comply with all of the representations and warranties made with respect to the repurchased loans as of the date of substitution.

If the outstanding principal balance of a qualified substitute loan is less than the outstanding principal balance of the related repurchased loan, the amount of the shortfall shall be deposited into the Custodial Account in the month of substitution for distribution to the related securityholders. There may be additional requirements relating to ARM loans, revolving credit loans, negative amortization loans or other specific types of loans, or additional provisions relating to meeting the foregoing requirements on an aggregate basis where a number of substitutions occur contemporaneously. The prospectus supplement will indicate whether a seller will have the option to substitute for a mortgage loan or contract that it is obligated to repurchase in connection with a breach of representation and warranty.

Certain Insolvency and Bankruptcy Issues

Each seller, including a designated seller, and the depositor will represent and warrant that its respective transfer of trust assets constitutes a valid sale and assignment of all of its right, title and interest in and to such trust assets, except to the extent that such seller or the depositor retains any security. Nevertheless, if a seller were to become a debtor in a bankruptcy case and a creditor or bankruptcy trustee of such seller, or such seller as a debtor-in-possession, were to assert that the sale of the trust assets from such seller to the depositor should be recharacterized as a pledge of such trust assets to secure a borrowing by such seller, then delays in payments to the depositor (and therefore to the trust and the securityholders) could occur and possible reductions in the amount of

 

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such payments could result. In addition, if a court were to recharacterize the transfer as a pledge and a subsequent assignee were to take physical possession of any mortgage notes, through negligence, fraud or otherwise, the trustee’s interest in such mortgage notes could be defeated.

If an entity with an interest in a loan of which only a partial balance has been transferred to the trust were to become a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code and regardless of whether the transfer of the related loan constitutes an absolute assignment, a bankruptcy trustee or creditor of such entity or such entity as a debtor-in-possession could assert that such entity retains rights in the related loan and therefore compel the sale of such loan, including any partial balance included in the trust, over the objection of the trust and the securityholders. If that occurs, delays and reductions in payments to the trust and the securityholders could result.

The depositor has been structured such that (i) the filing of a voluntary or involuntary petition for relief by or against the depositor under the Bankruptcy Code and (ii) the substantive consolidation of the assets and liabilities of the depositor with those of an affiliated seller is unlikely. The certificate of incorporation of the depositor restricts the nature of the depositor’s business and the ability of the depositor to commence a voluntary case or proceeding under such laws without the prior unanimous consent of all directors.

Assignment of Agency or Private Securities

The depositor will transfer, convey and assign to the trustee or its nominee, which may be the custodian, all right, title and interest of the depositor in the Agency Securities or private securities and other property to be included in the trust for a series. The assignment will include all principal and interest due on or for the Agency Securities or private securities after the cut-off date specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, except for any Excluded Spread. The depositor will cause the Agency Securities or private securities to be registered in the name of the trustee or its nominee, and the trustee will concurrently authenticate and deliver the securities. The trustee will not be in possession of or be assignee of record of any underlying assets for an Agency Security or private security. Each Agency Security or private security will be identified in a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the related agreement, which will specify as to each Agency Security or private security information regarding the original principal amount and outstanding principal balance of each Agency Security or private security as of the cut-off date, as well as the annual pass-through rate or interest rate for each Agency Security or private security conveyed to the trustee.

Excess Spread and Excluded Spread

The depositor, the servicer, the seller, the master servicer or any of their affiliates, or any other entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement may retain or be paid a portion of interest due for the related trust assets, which will be an uncertificated interest in such trust assets. The payment of any portion of interest in this manner will be disclosed in the accompanying prospectus supplement. This payment may be in addition to any other payment, including a servicing fee, that the specified entity is otherwise entitled to receive for the trust assets. Any of these payments generated from the trust assets will represent the Excess Spread. The interest portion of a Realized Loss and any partial recovery of interest on the trust assets will be allocated between the owners of any Excess Spread or Excluded Spread and the securityholders entitled to payments of interest.

 

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Payments on Loans

Collection of Payments on Loans

The servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, will deposit or will cause to be deposited into the Custodial Account payments and collections received by it subsequent to the cut-off date, other than payments due on or before the cut-off date, as specifically described in the related agreement, which in most cases, will include the following:

 

   

all payments on account of principal of the loans comprising a trust;

 

   

all payments on account of interest on the loans comprising that trust, net of the portion of each payment thereof retained by the master servicer or servicer, if any, as Excess or Excluded Spread, and its servicing compensation;

 

   

Liquidation Proceeds;

 

   

all amounts, net of unreimbursed liquidation expenses and insured expenses incurred, and unreimbursed Servicing Advances made, by the related subservicer, received and retained, and all Insurance Proceeds or proceeds from any alternative arrangements established in lieu of any such insurance and described in the applicable prospectus supplement, other than proceeds to be applied to the restoration of the related property or released to the borrower in accordance with the master servicer’s or servicer’s normal servicing procedures;

 

   

all subsequent recoveries of amounts related to a mortgage loan as to which the master servicer had previously determined that no further amounts would be recoverable, resulting in a realized loss, net of unreimbursed liquidation expenses and Servicing Advances;

 

   

any Buy-Down Funds and, if applicable, investment earnings thereon, required to be paid to securityholders;

 

   

all proceeds of any loan in the trust purchased or, in the case of a substitution, amounts representing a principal adjustment, by the depositor, the designated seller, Residential Funding Company, LLC, any seller or any other person under the terms of the related agreement as described under “Description of the Securities—Representations With Respect to Loans” and “—Repurchases of Loans”;

 

   

any amount required to be deposited by the master servicer or servicer in connection with losses realized on investments of funds held in the Custodial Account; and

 

   

any amounts required to be transferred from the Payment Account to the Custodial Account.

 

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In addition to the Custodial Account, the master servicer or servicer will establish and maintain the Payment Account. Both the Custodial Account and the Payment Account must be either:

 

   

maintained with a depository institution whose debt obligations at the time of any deposit therein are rated by any rating agency that rated any securities of the related series not less than a specified level comparable to the rating category of the securities;

 

   

an account or accounts the deposits in which are fully insured to the limits established by the FDIC, provided that any deposits not so insured shall be otherwise maintained so that, as evidenced by an opinion of counsel, the securityholders have a claim with respect to the funds in such accounts or a perfected first priority security interest in any collateral securing those funds that is superior to the claims of any other depositors or creditors of the depository institution with which the accounts are maintained;

 

   

in the case of the Custodial Account, a trust account or accounts maintained in the corporate trust department of a financial institution which has debt obligations that meet specified rating criteria;

 

   

in the case of the Payment Account, a trust account or accounts maintained with the trustee; or

 

   

any other Eligible Account.

The collateral that is eligible to secure amounts in an Eligible Account is limited to some Permitted Investments. A Payment Account may be maintained as an interest-bearing or a non-interest-bearing account, or funds therein may be invested in Permitted Investments as described in this prospectus under “Description of the Securities—Payments on Loans.” The Custodial Account may contain funds relating to more than one series of securities as well as payments received on other loans and assets serviced or master serviced by the master servicer or servicer that have been deposited into the Custodial Account.

Generally, not later than the business day preceding each distribution date the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, will withdraw from the Custodial Account and deposit into the applicable Payment Account, in immediately available funds, the amount to be distributed therefrom to securityholders on that distribution date. The master servicer, the servicer or the trustee will also deposit or cause to be deposited into the Payment Account:

 

   

the amount of any Advances made by the master servicer or the servicer as described in this prospectus under “—Advances;”

 

   

any payments under any letter of credit, financial guaranty insurance policy, derivative product, and any amounts required to be transferred to the Payment Account from a reserve fund, as described under “Description of Credit Enhancement”;

 

   

any amounts required to be paid by the master servicer or servicer out of its own funds due to the operation of a deductible clause in any blanket policy maintained by the master servicer or servicer to cover hazard losses on the loans as described under “Insurance Policies on Loans” below;

 

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any distributions received on any Agency Securities or private securities included in the trust; and

 

   

any other amounts as described in the related agreement.

The portion of any payment received by the master servicer or the servicer relating to a trust asset that is allocable to Excess Spread or Excluded Spread will typically be deposited into the Custodial Account, but any Excluded Spread will not be deposited in the Payment Account for the related series of securities and will be distributed as provided in the related agreement.

Any payments or other amounts collected by a Special Servicer with respect to any specially serviced mortgage loans will be deposited by the related Special Servicer as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Funds on deposit in the Custodial Account may be invested in Permitted Investments maturing in general not later than the business day preceding the next distribution date and funds on deposit in the related Payment Account may be invested in Permitted Investments maturing, in general, no later than the distribution date. Except as otherwise specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, all income and gain realized from any investment will be for the account of the servicer or the master servicer as additional servicing compensation. The amount of any loss incurred in connection with any such investment must be deposited in the Custodial Account or in the Payment Account, as the case may be, by the servicer or the master servicer out of its own funds at the time of the realization of the loss.

Buy-Down Loans

For each Buy-Down Loan, the subservicer will deposit the related Buy-Down Funds provided to it in a Buy-Down Account which will comply with the requirements described in this prospectus for a Subservicing Account. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the terms of all Buy-Down Loans provide for the contribution of Buy-Down Funds in an amount equal to or exceeding either (i) the total payments to be made from those funds under the related buy-down plan or (ii) if the Buy-Down Funds are to be deposited on a discounted basis, that amount of Buy-Down Funds which, together with investment earnings thereon will support the scheduled level of payments due under the Buy-Down Loan.

Neither the master servicer nor the servicer nor the depositor will be obligated to add to any discounted Buy-Down Funds any of its own funds should investment earnings prove insufficient to maintain the scheduled level of payments. To the extent that any insufficiency is not recoverable from the borrower or, in an appropriate case, from the subservicer, distributions to securityholders may be affected. For each Buy-Down Loan, the subservicer will withdraw from the Buy-Down Account and remit to the master servicer or servicer on or before the date specified in the applicable subservicing agreement the amount, if any, of the Buy-Down Funds, and, if applicable, investment earnings thereon, for each Buy-Down Loan that, when added to the amount due from the borrower on the Buy-Down Loan, equals the full monthly payment which would be due on the Buy-Down Loan if it were not subject to the buy-down plan. The Buy-Down Funds will in no event be a part of the related trust.

 

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If the borrower on a Buy-Down Loan prepays the mortgage loan in its entirety during the Buy-Down Period, the applicable subservicer will withdraw from the Buy-Down Account and remit to the borrower or any other designated party in accordance with the related buy-down plan any Buy-Down Funds remaining in the Buy-Down Account. If a prepayment by a borrower during the Buy-Down Period together with Buy-Down Funds will result in full prepayment of a Buy-Down Loan, the subservicer will, in most cases, be required to withdraw from the Buy-Down Account and remit to the master servicer or servicer the Buy-Down Funds and investment earnings thereon, if any, which together with such prepayment will result in a prepayment in full; provided that Buy-Down Funds may not be available to cover a prepayment under some mortgage loan programs. Any Buy-Down Funds so remitted to the master servicer or servicer in connection with a prepayment described in the preceding sentence will be deemed to reduce the amount that would be required to be paid by the borrower to repay fully the related mortgage loan if the mortgage loan were not subject to the buy-down plan.

Any investment earnings remaining in the Buy-Down Account after prepayment or after termination of the Buy-Down Period will be remitted to the related borrower or any other designated party under the buy-down agreement. If the borrower defaults during the Buy-Down Period for a Buy-Down Loan and the property securing that Buy-Down Loan is sold in liquidation either by the master servicer, the servicer, the primary insurer, the pool insurer under the mortgage pool insurance policy or any other insurer, the subservicer will be required to withdraw from the Buy-Down Account the Buy-Down Funds and all investment earnings thereon, if any, and remit the same to the master servicer or servicer or, if instructed by the master servicer, pay the same to the primary insurer or the pool insurer, as the case may be, if the mortgaged property is transferred to that insurer and the insurer pays all of the loss incurred relating to such default.

Because Buy-Down Funds may have been provided by a third party such as the seller of the Mortgaged Property, a home builder, or an employer, such funds may be subject to third party claims, offsets, defenses or counterclaims in the event of a dispute between the mortgagor and such third party or otherwise. In addition, upon foreclosure the inclusion of personal property collateral may present additional defenses for the mortgagor to assert.

Collection of Payments on Agency Securities or Private Securities

The trustee will deposit in the Payment Account all payments on the Agency Securities or private securities as they are received after the cut-off date. If the trustee has not received a distribution for any Agency Security or private security by the second business day after the date on which such distribution was due and payable, the trustee will request the issuer or guarantor, if any, of such Agency Security or private security to make such payment as promptly as possible and legally permitted. The trustee may take any legal action against the related issuer or guarantor as is appropriate under the circumstances, including the prosecution of any claims in connection therewith. The reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred by the trustee in connection with the prosecution of any legal action will be reimbursable to the trustee out of the proceeds of the action and will be retained by the trustee prior to the deposit of any remaining proceeds in the Payment Account pending distribution thereof to the securityholders of the affected series. If the trustee has

 

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reason to believe that the proceeds of the legal action may be insufficient to cover its projected legal fees and expenses, the trustee will notify the related securityholders that it is not obligated to pursue any available remedies unless adequate indemnity for its legal fees and expenses is provided by the securityholders.

Withdrawals From the Custodial Account

The servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, may, from time to time, make withdrawals from the Custodial Account for various purposes, as specifically described in the pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, which in most cases will include the following:

 

   

to make deposits to the Payment Account as described above under “—Payments on Loans;”

 

   

to reimburse itself or any subservicer or Special Servicer for any Advances, or for any Servicing Advances, out of late payments, Insurance Proceeds, Liquidation Proceeds, any proceeds relating to any REO Loan or collections on the loan for which those Advances or Servicing Advances were made;

 

   

to pay to itself or any subservicer unpaid servicing fees and subservicing fees, out of payments or collections of interest on each loan;

 

   

to pay to itself as additional servicing compensation any investment income on funds deposited in the Custodial Account, any amounts remitted by subservicers as interest on partial prepayments on the loans, and, if so provided in the related agreement, any profits realized on the disposition of a mortgaged property acquired by deed in lieu of foreclosure or repossession or otherwise allowed under the agreement;

 

   

to pay to itself, a subservicer, Residential Funding Company, LLC, the depositor or the designated seller all amounts received for each loan purchased, repurchased or removed under the terms of the related agreement and not required to be distributed as of the date on which the related purchase price is determined;

 

   

to pay the depositor or its assignee, or any other party named in the accompanying prospectus supplement, all amounts allocable to the Excluded Spread, if any, out of collections or payments which represent interest on each loan, including any loan as to which title to the underlying mortgaged property was acquired;

 

   

to reimburse itself or any subservicer or Special Servicer for any Nonrecoverable Advance and for Advances that have been capitalized by adding the delinquent interest and other amounts owed under the mortgage loan or contract to the principal balance of the mortgage loan or contract, in accordance with the terms of the related agreement;

 

   

to reimburse itself or the depositor for other expenses incurred for which it or the depositor is entitled to reimbursement, including reimbursement in connection with enforcing any repurchase, substitution or indemnification obligation of any seller, or against which it or the depositor is indemnified under the related agreement;

 

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to withdraw any amount deposited in the Custodial Account that was not required to be deposited in the Custodial Account;

 

   

to reimburse itself or the depositor for payment of FHA insurance premiums, if applicable, or against which it or the depositor is indemnified under the related agreement;

 

   

to pay to itself or any subservicer for the funding of any draws made on the revolving credit loans, if applicable;

 

   

to make deposits to the funding account in the amounts and in the manner provided in the related agreement, if applicable; and

 

   

to clear the Custodial Account of amounts relating to the corresponding loans in connection with the termination of the trust under the related agreement, as described in “The Agreements—Termination; Retirement of Securities.”

Distributions of Principal and Interest on the Securities

Beginning on the distribution date in the month next succeeding the month in which the cut-off date occurs, or any other date as may be set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement, for a series of securities, distribution of principal and interest, or, where applicable, of principal only or interest only, on each class of securities entitled to such payments will be made either by the trustee, the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, acting on behalf of the trustee or a paying agent appointed by the trustee. The distributions will be made to the persons who are registered as the holders of the securities at the close of business on the last business day of the preceding month or on such other day as is specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Distributions will be made in immediately available funds, by wire transfer or otherwise, to the account of a securityholder at a bank or other entity having appropriate facilities, if the securityholder has so notified the trustee, the master servicer or the servicer, as applicable, or the paying agent, as the case may be, and the applicable agreement provides for that form of payment, or by check mailed to the address of the person entitled to such payment as it appears on the security register. The final distribution in retirement of the securities of any class, other than a subordinate class, will be made only on the presentation and surrender of the securities at the office or agency of the trustee specified in the notice to the securityholders. Distributions will be made to each securityholder in accordance with that holder’s percentage interest in a particular class.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether, as a result of the provisions described below under “—Servicing and Administration of Loans—Realization Upon Defaulted Loans,” under which the principal balance of a subordinate class of securities can be increased in certain circumstances after it was previously reduced to zero, each security of a subordinate class of securities will be considered to remain outstanding until the termination of the related trust, even if the principal balance thereof has been reduced to zero.

The method of determining, and the amount of, distributions of principal and interest, or, where applicable, of principal only or interest only, on a particular series of securities will be

 

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described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Distributions of interest on each class of securities will be made prior to distributions of principal thereon. Each class of securities, other than classes of strip securities, may have a different specified interest rate, or pass-through rate, which may be a fixed, variable or adjustable pass-through rate, or any combination of two or more pass-through rates. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify the pass-through rate or rates for each class, or the initial pass-through rate or rates, the interest accrual period and the method for determining the pass-through rate or rates. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether interest on the securities will accrue during each calendar month and will be payable on the distribution date in the following calendar month. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether interest on any class of securities for any distribution date may be limited to the extent of available funds for that distribution date. Interest on the securities will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months or, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the actual number of days in the related interest period and a 360 or 365/366-day year.

On each distribution date for a series of securities, the trustee or the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, on behalf of the trustee will distribute or cause the paying agent to distribute, as the case may be, to each holder of record on the record date of a class of securities specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, an amount equal to the percentage interest represented by the security held by that holder multiplied by that class’s Distribution Amount.

In the case of a series of securities which includes two or more classes of securities, the timing, sequential order, priority of payment or amount of distributions of principal, and any schedule or formula or other provisions applicable to that determination, including distributions among multiple classes of senior securities or subordinate securities, shall be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The distributions on any class of securities will be specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Generally, distributions of principal on any class of securities will be made on a pro rata basis among all of the securities of that class unless otherwise set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement. In addition, as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, payments of principal on the notes will be limited to monthly principal payments on the loans, any excess interest, if applicable, applied as principal payments on the notes and any amount paid as a payment of principal under the related form of credit enhancement. If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a series of notes may provide for a revolving period during which all or a portion of the principal collections on the loans otherwise available for payment to the notes are reinvested in additional balances or additional loans or accumulated in a trust account pending the commencement of an amortization period specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement or the occurrence of events specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

On the day of the month specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement as the determination date, the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, will determine the amounts of principal and interest which will be paid to securityholders on the immediately succeeding distribution date. Prior to the close of business on the business day next succeeding each determination date, the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, will furnish a statement to the trustee, setting forth, among other things, the amount to be distributed on the next succeeding distribution date.

 

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Advances

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, will agree to make Advances, either out of its own funds, funds advanced to it by subservicers or funds being held in the Custodial Account for future distribution, for the benefit of the securityholders, on or before each distribution date, of monthly payments on the loans that were delinquent as of the close of business on the business day preceding the determination date on the loans in the related pool, but only to the extent that the Advances would, in the judgment of the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, be recoverable out of late payments by the borrowers, Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds or otherwise. Advances will not be made in connection with revolving credit loans, Home Loans, home improvement contracts, closed-end home equity loans, negative amortization loans and loans acquired under Residential Funding Company, LLC’s negotiated conduit asset program, except as otherwise provided in the accompanying prospectus supplement. As specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement for any series of securities as to which the trust includes private securities, the master servicer’s or servicer’s, as applicable, advancing obligations will be under the terms of such private securities, as may be supplemented by the terms of the applicable agreement, and may differ from the provisions relating to Advances described in this prospectus. Unless specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, will not make any advance with respect to principal on any simple interest loan.

The amount of any Advance will be determined based on the amount payable under the loan as adjusted from time to time and as may be modified as described in this prospectus under “—Servicing and Administration of Loans,” and no Advance will be required in connection with any reduction in amounts payable under the Relief Act or as a result of certain actions taken by a bankruptcy court.

Advances are intended to maintain a regular flow of scheduled interest and principal payments to related securityholders. Advances do not represent an obligation of the master servicer or servicer to guarantee or insure against losses. If Advances have been made by the master servicer or servicer from cash being held for future distribution to securityholders, those funds will be required to be replaced on or before any future distribution date to the extent that funds in the Payment Account on that distribution date would be less than payments required to be made to securityholders. Any Advances will be reimbursable to the master servicer or servicer out of recoveries on the related loans for which those amounts were advanced, including late payments made by the related borrower, any related Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds, proceeds of any applicable form of credit enhancement, or proceeds of any loans purchased by the depositor, Residential Funding Company, LLC, a subservicer, a seller, or a designated seller.

Advances will also be reimbursable from cash otherwise distributable to securityholders to the extent that the master servicer or servicer shall determine that any Advances previously made are not ultimately recoverable as described in the third preceding paragraph. In addition, Advances will be reimbursable from cash otherwise distributable to securityholders if they have been capitalized by adding the delinquent interest to the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan or contract, as described under “—Servicing and Administration of Loans.” For any senior/subordinate series, so long as the related subordinate securities remain outstanding and except for Special Hazard Losses, Fraud Losses and Bankruptcy Losses, in each case in excess of

 

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specified amounts, and Extraordinary Losses, the Advances may be reimbursable first out of amounts otherwise distributable to holders of the subordinate securities, if any. The master servicer or the servicer may also be obligated to make Servicing Advances, to the extent recoverable out of Liquidation Proceeds or otherwise, relating to some taxes and insurance premiums not paid by borrowers on a timely basis. Funds so advanced will be reimbursable to the master servicer or servicer to the extent permitted by the related agreement.

In the case of revolving credit loans, the master servicer or servicer is required to advance funds to cover any Draws made on a revolving credit loan, subject to reimbursement by the entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, provided that as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement during any revolving period associated with the related series of securities, Draws may be covered first from principal collections on the other loans in the pool.

The master servicer’s or servicer’s obligation to make Advances may be supported by another entity, the trustee, a financial guaranty insurance policy, a letter of credit or other method as may be described in the related agreement. If the short-term or long-term obligations of the provider of the support are downgraded by a rating agency rating the related securities or if any collateral supporting such obligation is not performing or is removed under the terms of any agreement described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the securities may also be downgraded.

Prepayment Interest Shortfalls

When a borrower prepays a loan in full between scheduled due dates for the loan, the borrower pays interest on the amount prepaid only to but not including the date on which the Principal Prepayment is made. Similarly, Liquidation Proceeds from a mortgaged property will not include interest for any period after the date on which the liquidation took place. Partial prepayments will in most cases be applied as of the most recent due date, so that no interest is due on the following due date on the amount prepaid.

If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, to the extent funds are available from the servicing fee or other servicing compensation available for this purpose, the master servicer or servicer may make an additional payment to securityholders out of the servicing fee otherwise payable to it for any loan that prepaid during the related prepayment period equal to the Compensating Interest for that loan from the date of the prepayment to the related due date. Compensating Interest on any distribution date in most cases will be limited to the lesser of (a) 0.125% of the Stated Principal Balance of the mortgage collateral immediately prior to that distribution date, and (b) the master servicing fee payable on that distribution date and the reinvestment income received by the master servicer with respect to the amount payable to the certificateholders on that distribution date. Compensating Interest may not be sufficient to cover the Prepayment Interest Shortfall on any distribution date. Compensating Interest is not generally paid with respect to closed-end home equity loans, Home Loans and revolving credit loans. If so disclosed in the accompanying prospectus supplement, Prepayment Interest Shortfalls may be applied to reduce interest otherwise payable for one or more classes of securities of a series. See “Yield Considerations.”

 

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Funding Account

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a pooling and servicing agreement, trust agreement or other agreement may provide for the transfer by the sellers of additional loans to the related trust after the closing date for the related securities. Any additional loans will be required to conform to the requirements set forth in the related agreement providing for such transfer. If a Funding Account is established, all or a portion of the proceeds of the sale of one or more classes of securities of the related series or a portion of collections on the loans of principal will be deposited in such account to be released as additional loans are transferred. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether a Funding Account will be required to be maintained as an Eligible Account. All amounts in the Funding Account will be required to be invested in Permitted Investments and the amount held in the Funding Account shall at no time exceed 25% of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the securities. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the related agreement providing for the transfer of additional loans will provide that all transfers must be made within 90 days, and that amounts set aside to fund the transfers, whether in a Funding Account or otherwise, and not so applied within the required period of time will be deemed to be Principal Prepayments and applied in the manner described in the prospectus supplement.

Reports to Securityholders

On each distribution date, the master servicer or servicer will forward or cause to be forwarded to each securityholder of record, or will make available to each securityholder of record in the manner described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a statement or statements for the related trust setting forth the information described in the related agreement. The information will in most cases include the following (as applicable):

 

   

the applicable record date, determination date and distribution date;

 

   

the aggregate amount of payments received with respect to the mortgage loans, including prepayment amounts;

 

   

the servicing fee payable to the master servicer and the subservicer;

 

   

the amount of any other fees or expenses paid, and the identity of the party receiving such fees or expenses;

 

   

the aggregate amount of interest collections and principal collections;

 

   

the amount, if any, of the distribution allocable to principal;

 

   

the amount, if any, of the distribution allocable to interest and the amount, if any, of any shortfall in the amount of interest and principal;

 

   

the outstanding principal balance or notional amount of each class of securities before and after giving effect to the distribution of principal on that distribution date;

 

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updated pool composition information, including weighted average interest rate and weighted average remaining term;

 

   

the balance of the reserve fund, if any, at the opening of business and the close of business on that distribution date;

 

   

if applicable, the Special Hazard Amount, Fraud Loss Amount and Bankruptcy Amount as of the opening of business and as of the close of business on the applicable distribution date and a description of any change in the calculation of those amounts;

 

   

the principal balances of the senior securities as of the closing date;

 

   

in the case of securities benefiting from alternative credit enhancement arrangements described in the prospectus supplement, the amount of coverage under alternative arrangements as of the close of business on the applicable determination date and a description of any credit enhancement substituted therefor;

 

   

the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the mortgage collateral after giving effect to the distribution of principal on that distribution date, and the number of mortgage loans at the beginning and end of the reporting period;

 

   

based on the most recent reports furnished by subservicers, the number and aggregate principal balances of any items of mortgage collateral in the related trust that are delinquent (a) 30-59 days, (b) 60-89 days and (c) 90 or more days, and that are in foreclosure;

 

   

the amount of any losses on the mortgage loans during the reporting period;

 

   

information about the amount, terms and general purpose of any advances made or reimbursed during the reporting period;

 

   

any material modifications, extensions or waivers to the terms of the mortgage loans during the reporting period or that have cumulatively become material over time;

 

   

any material breaches of mortgage loan representations or warranties or covenants in the applicable agreement;

 

   

the servicing fee payable to the master servicer or the servicer and the subservicer;

 

   

the aggregate amount of any Draws;

 

   

the FHA insurance amount, if any; and

 

   

for any series of securities as to which the trust includes Agency Securities or private securities, any additional information as required under the related agreement.

 

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In addition to the information described above, reports to securityholders will contain any other information as is described in the applicable agreement, which may include, without limitation, information as to Advances, reimbursements to subservicers, servicers and the master servicer and losses borne by the related trust.

In addition, within a reasonable period of time after the end of each calendar year, the master servicer or servicer will furnish or cause to be furnished on request a report to each person that was a holder of record of any class of securities at any time during that calendar year. The report will include information as to the aggregate of principal and interest distributions for that calendar year or, if the person was a holder of record of a class of securities during a portion of that calendar year, for the applicable portion of that year.

Servicing and Administration of Loans

General

The master servicer or any servicer, as applicable, that is a party to a pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, will be required to perform the services and duties specified in the related agreement. The master servicer or servicer may be an affiliate of the depositor. As to any series of securities secured by Agency Securities or private securities the requirements for servicing the underlying assets will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The duties to be performed by the master servicer or servicer will include the customary functions of a servicer, including but not limited to:

 

   

collection of payments from borrowers and remittance of those collections to the master servicer or servicer in the case of a subservicer;

 

   

maintenance of escrow or impoundment accounts of borrowers for payment of taxes, insurance and other items required to be paid by the borrower, if applicable;

 

   

processing of assumptions or substitutions, although, as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the master servicer or servicer is, in most cases, required to exercise due-on-sale clauses to the extent that exercise is permitted by law and would not adversely affect insurance coverage;

 

   

attempting to cure delinquencies;

 

   

supervising foreclosures;

 

   

collections on Additional Collateral;

 

   

inspection and management of mortgaged properties under various circumstances; and

 

   

maintaining accounting records relating to the trust assets.

Under each servicing agreement, the servicer or the master servicer may enter into subservicing agreements with one or more subservicers who will agree to perform certain functions for the servicer or master servicer relating to the servicing and administration of the loans included

 

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in the trust relating to the subservicing agreement. A subservicer may be an affiliate of the depositor. Under any subservicing agreement, each subservicer will agree, among other things, to perform some or all of the servicer’s or the master servicer’s servicing obligations, including but not limited to, making Advances to the related securityholders. The servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, will remain liable for its servicing obligations that are delegated to a subservicer as if the servicer or the master servicer alone were servicing such loans.

In the event of a bankruptcy, receivership or conservatorship of the master servicer or servicer or any subservicer, the bankruptcy court or the receiver or conservator may have the power to prevent both the appointment of a successor to service the trust assets and the transfer of collections commingled with funds of the master servicer, servicer or subservicer at the time of its bankruptcy, receivership or conservatorship. In addition, if the master servicer or servicer or any subservicer were to become a debtor in a bankruptcy case, its rights under the related agreement, including the right to service the trust assets, would be property of its bankruptcy estate and therefore, under the Bankruptcy Code, subject to its right to assume or reject such agreement.

Collection and Other Servicing Procedures

The servicer or the master servicer, directly or through subservicers, as the case may be, will make reasonable efforts to collect all payments called for under the loans and will, consistent with the related servicing agreement and any applicable insurance policy, or other credit enhancement, follow the collection procedures that are normal and usual in its general loan servicing activities for assets that are comparable to the loans. Consistent with the previous sentence, the servicer or the master servicer may, in its discretion, waive any prepayment charge in connection with the prepayment of a loan or extend the due dates for payments due on a mortgage note, provided that the insurance coverage for the loan or any coverage provided by any alternative credit enhancement will not be adversely affected by the waiver or extension. The master servicer or servicer may also waive or modify any term of a loan so long as the master servicer or servicer has determined that the waiver or modification is not materially adverse to any securityholders, taking into account any estimated loss that may result absent that action. For any series of securities as to which the trust includes private securities, the master servicer’s or servicer’s servicing and administration obligations will be under the terms of those private securities.

Under some circumstances, as to any series of securities, the master servicer or servicer may have the option to purchase trust assets from the trust for cash, or in exchange for other trust assets or Permitted Investments. All provisions relating to these optional purchase provisions will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

In instances in which a loan is in default, or if default is reasonably foreseeable, and if determined by the master servicer or servicer to be in the best interests of the related securityholders, the master servicer or servicer may engage, either directly or through subservicers, in a wide variety of loss mitigation practices including waivers, modifications, payment forbearances, partial forgiveness, entering into repayment schedule arrangements, and capitalization of arrearages rather than proceeding with foreclosure or repossession, if applicable. In making that determination, the estimated Realized Loss that might result if the loan were liquidated would be taken into account. Modifications may have the effect of, among other things, reducing the loan rate, forgiving payments of principal, interest or other amounts owed under the mortgage loan or

 

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contract, such as taxes or insurance premiums, extending the final maturity date of the loan, capitalizing delinquent interest and other amounts owed under the mortgage loan or contract, or any combination of these or other modifications. Any modified loan may remain in the related trust, and the reduction in collections resulting from a modification may result in reduced distributions of interest or principal on, or may extend the final maturity of, one or more classes of the related securities.

Borrowers may, from time to time, request partial releases of the mortgaged properties, easements, consents to alteration or demolition and other similar matters. The master servicer or servicer may approve that request if it has determined, exercising its good faith business judgment in the same manner as it would if it were the owner of the related loan, that the approval will not adversely affect the security for, and the timely and full collectability of, the related loan. Any fee collected by the master servicer or the servicer for processing that request will be retained by the master servicer or servicer as additional servicing compensation.

In connection with any significant partial prepayment of a loan, the master servicer or servicer, to the extent not inconsistent with the terms of the mortgage note and local law and practice, may permit the loan to be re-amortized so that the monthly payment is recalculated as an amount that will fully amortize its remaining principal amount by the original maturity date based on the original loan rate, provided that the re-amortization shall not be permitted if it would constitute a modification of the loan for federal income tax purposes.

The master servicer or servicer for a given trust may establish and maintain an escrow account in which borrowers will be required to deposit amounts sufficient to pay taxes, assessments, certain mortgage and hazard insurance premiums and other comparable items unless, in the case of loans secured by junior liens on the related mortgaged property, the borrower is required to escrow such amounts under the senior mortgage documents. Withdrawals from any escrow account may be made to effect timely payment of taxes, assessments, mortgage and hazard insurance, to refund to borrowers amounts determined to be owed, to pay interest on balances in the escrow account, if required, to repair or otherwise protect the mortgaged properties and to clear and terminate such account. The master servicer or any servicer, as the case may be, will be responsible for the administration of each such escrow account and will be obligated to make advances to the escrow accounts when a deficiency exists therein. The master servicer or servicer will be entitled to reimbursement for any advances from the Custodial Account.

Other duties and responsibilities of each servicer and master servicer are described above under “—Payments on Loans.”

Special Servicing

The related agreement or servicing agreement for a series of securities may name a Special Servicer, which may be an affiliate of Residential Funding Company, LLC. The Special Servicer will be responsible for the servicing of certain delinquent loans including multifamily mortgage loans and mortgage loans secured by Mixed-Use Properties, as described in the prospectus supplement. A special servicer for any series of securities may be an affiliate of the depositor or the master servicer and may hold, or be affiliated with the holder of, subordinate securities of the series. The Special Servicer may have certain discretion to extend relief to borrowers whose payments

 

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become delinquent. The Special Servicer may be permitted to grant a period of temporary indulgence to a borrower or may enter into a liquidating plan providing for repayment by the borrower, in each case without the prior approval of the master servicer or the servicer, as applicable. Other types of forbearance typically will require the approval of the master servicer or servicer, as applicable. The Special Servicer may also institute foreclosure proceedings with respect to the delinquent mortgage loans.

In addition, the master servicer or servicer may enter into various agreements with holders of one or more classes of subordinate securities or of a class of securities representing interests in one or more classes of subordinate securities. Under the terms of those agreements, the holder may, for some delinquent loans:

 

   

instruct the master servicer or servicer to commence or delay foreclosure proceedings, provided that the holder deposits a specified amount of cash with the master servicer or servicer which will be available for distribution to securityholders if Liquidation Proceeds are less than they otherwise may have been had the master servicer or servicer acted under its normal servicing procedures;

 

   

instruct the master servicer or servicer to purchase the loans from the trust prior to the commencement of foreclosure proceedings at the purchase price and to resell the loans to the holder at such purchase price, in which case any subsequent loss on the loans will not be allocated to the securityholders; or

 

   

become, or designate a third party to become, a subservicer for the loans so long as (i) the master servicer or servicer has the right to transfer the subservicing rights and obligations of the loans to another subservicer at any time or (ii) the holder or its servicing designee is required to service the loans according to the master servicer’s or servicer’s servicing guidelines.

In addition, the accompanying prospectus supplement may provide for the other types of special servicing arrangements.

Enforcement of “Due-on-Sale” Clauses

When any mortgaged property relating to a loan, other than an ARM loan, is about to be conveyed by the borrower, the master servicer or the servicer, as applicable, directly or through a subservicer, to the extent it has knowledge of the proposed conveyance, generally will be obligated to exercise the trustee’s rights to accelerate the maturity of such loan under any due-on-sale clause applicable thereto. A due-on-sale clause will be enforced only if the exercise of such rights is permitted by applicable law and only to the extent it would not adversely affect or jeopardize coverage under any primary insurance policy or applicable credit enhancement arrangements. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans—Enforceability of Certain Provisions.”

If the master servicer or servicer is prevented from enforcing a due-on-sale clause under applicable law or if the master servicer or servicer determines that it is reasonably likely that a legal action would be instituted by the related borrower to avoid enforcement of such due-on-sale clause, the master servicer or servicer will enter into an assumption and modification agreement with the

 

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person to whom such property has been or is about to be conveyed, under which such person becomes liable under the mortgage note subject to certain specified conditions. The original borrower may be released from liability on a loan if the master servicer or servicer shall have determined in good faith that such release will not adversely affect the collectability of the loan. An ARM loan may be assumed if it is by its terms assumable and if, in the reasonable judgment of the master servicer or servicer, the proposed transferee of the related mortgaged property establishes its ability to repay the loan and the security for the ARM loan would not be impaired by the assumption. If a borrower transfers the mortgaged property subject to an ARM loan without consent, such ARM loan may be declared due and payable. Any fee collected by the master servicer or servicer for entering into an assumption or substitution of liability agreement or for processing a request for partial release of the mortgaged property in most cases will be retained by the master servicer or servicer as additional servicing compensation. In connection with any assumption, the loan rate borne by the related mortgage note may not be altered.

Realization Upon Defaulted Loans

If a loan, including a contract secured by a lien on a mortgaged property, is in default, the master servicer or servicer may take a variety of actions, including foreclosing on the mortgaged property, writing off the principal balance of the loan as a bad debt, taking a deed in lieu of foreclosure, accepting a short sale, permitting a short refinancing, arranging for a repayment plan, capitalization of arrearages or modification as described above, or taking an unsecured note. Realization on other contracts may be accomplished through repossession and subsequent resale of the underlying home improvement. In connection with that decision, the master servicer or servicer will, following usual practices in connection with senior and junior mortgage servicing activities or repossession and resale activities, estimate the proceeds expected to be received and the expenses expected to be incurred in connection with that foreclosure or repossession and resale to determine whether a foreclosure proceeding or a repossession and resale is appropriate. To the extent that a loan secured by a lien on a mortgaged property is junior to another lien on the related mortgaged property, unless foreclosure proceeds for that loan are expected to at least satisfy the related senior mortgage loan in full and to pay foreclosure costs, it is likely that that loan will be written off as bad debt with no foreclosure proceeding. Similarly, the expense and delay that may be associated with foreclosing on the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust following a default on a Mexico Loan, particularly if eviction or other proceedings are required to be commenced in the Mexican courts, may make attempts to realize on the collateral securing the Mexico Loans uneconomical, thus significantly increasing the amount of the loss on the Mexico Loan. If title to any mortgaged property is acquired in foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure, the deed or certificate of sale will be issued to the trustee or to its nominee on behalf of securityholders and, if applicable, the holders of any Excluded Balances.

Any acquisition of title and cancellation of any REO Loan will be considered for most purposes to be an outstanding loan held in the trust until it is converted into a Liquidated Loan.

For purposes of calculations of amounts distributable to securityholders relating to an REO Loan, the amortization schedule in effect at the time of any acquisition of title, before any adjustment by reason of any bankruptcy or any similar proceeding or any moratorium or similar waiver or grace period, will be deemed to have continued in effect and, in the case of an ARM loan, the amortization schedule will be deemed to have adjusted in accordance with any interest rate

 

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changes occurring on any adjustment date, so long as the REO Loan is considered to remain in the trust. If a REMIC election has been made, any mortgaged property so acquired by the trust must be disposed of in accordance with applicable federal income tax regulations and consistent with the status of the trust as a REMIC. To the extent provided in the related agreement, any income, net of expenses and other than gains described in the second succeeding paragraph, received by the servicer or the master servicer on the mortgaged property prior to its disposition will be deposited in the Custodial Account on receipt and will be available at that time for making payments to securityholders.

For a loan in default, the master servicer or servicer may pursue foreclosure or similar remedies subject to any senior lien positions and certain other restrictions pertaining to junior loans as described under “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans” concurrently with pursuing any remedy for a breach of a representation and warranty. However, the master servicer or servicer is not required to continue to pursue both remedies if it determines that one remedy is more likely to result in a greater recovery. If the mortgage loan is an Additional Collateral Loan or a Pledged Asset Mortgage Loan, the master servicer or the servicer may proceed against the related mortgaged property or the related Additional Collateral or Pledged Assets first, or may proceed against both concurrently, as permitted by applicable law and the terms under which the Additional Collateral or Pledged Assets are held, including any third-party guarantee.

If a loan is foreclosed upon, brokers may be engaged to sell the related property and other third party expenses may be incurred. Any fees and expenses incurred by the master servicer or servicer in pursuing foreclosure and liquidation of a loan will be reimbursed, resulting in a reduction of Liquidation Proceeds. The master servicer or servicer may engage affiliates or may itself perform certain services that might otherwise be performed by third parties, and may receive fees that it believes in good faith to be reasonable and consistent with its general servicing activities.

On the first to occur of final liquidation and a repurchase or substitution under a breach of a representation and warranty, the loan will be removed from the related trust. The master servicer or servicer may elect to treat a defaulted loan as having been finally liquidated if substantially all amounts expected to be received in connection with that liquidation have been received. In some cases, the master servicer or servicer will treat a loan that is 180 days or more delinquent as having been finally liquidated. Any additional liquidation expenses relating to the loan incurred after the initial liquidation will be reimbursable to the master servicer or servicer from any amounts otherwise distributable to the related securityholders, or may be offset by any Subsequent Recovery related to the loan. Alternatively, for purposes of determining the amount of related Liquidation Proceeds to be distributed to securityholders, the amount of any Realized Loss or the amount required to be drawn under any applicable form of credit enhancement, the master servicer or servicer may take into account minimal amounts of additional receipts expected to be received, as well as estimated additional liquidation expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the defaulted loan. On foreclosure of a revolving credit loan, the related Liquidation Proceeds will be allocated among the Trust Balances and Excluded Balances as described in the prospectus supplement.

For some series of securities, the applicable form of credit enhancement may provide, to the extent of coverage, that a defaulted loan or REO Loan will be removed from the trust prior to its final liquidation. In addition, the master servicer, the servicer or the holder of the most subordinate

 

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class of certificates of a series may have the option to purchase from the trust any defaulted loan after a specified period of delinquency. If a defaulted loan or REO Loan is not removed from the trust prior to final liquidation, then, upon its final liquidation, if a loss is realized which is not covered by any applicable form of credit enhancement or other insurance, the securityholders will bear the loss. However, if a gain results from the final liquidation of an REO Loan which is not required by law to be remitted to the related mortgagor, the master servicer or servicer will be entitled to retain that gain as additional servicing compensation unless the accompanying prospectus supplement provides otherwise.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether a Subsequent Recovery shall be distributed to the securityholders in the same manner as repurchase proceeds or liquidation proceeds received in the prior calendar month, to the extent that the related Realized Loss was allocated to any class of securities, if a final liquidation of a loan resulted in a Realized Loss and thereafter the master servicer or servicer receives such Subsequent Recovery specifically related to that loan, in connection with a related breach of a representation or warranty or otherwise. In addition, if so specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the principal balance of the class of subordinate securities with the highest payment priority to which Realized Losses, other than Special Hazard Losses, Bankruptcy Losses and Fraud Losses in excess of the amount of coverage provided therefor and Extraordinary Losses, have been allocated will be increased to the extent that such Subsequent Recoveries are distributed as principal to any classes of securities. However, the principal balance of that class of subordinate securities will not be increased by more than the amount of Realized Losses previously applied to reduce the principal balance of that class of securities. The amount of any remaining Subsequent Recoveries will be applied to increase the principal balance of the class of securities with the next lower payment priority; however the principal balance of that class of securities will not be increased by more than the amount of Realized Losses previously applied to reduce the principal balance of that class of securities, and so on. Holders of securities whose principal balance is increased in this manner will not be entitled to interest on the increased balance for any interest accrual period preceding the distribution date on which the increase occurs. The foregoing provisions will apply even if the principal balance of a class of subordinate securities was previously reduced to zero. Accordingly, each class of subordinate securities will be considered to remain outstanding until the termination of the related trust.

In the case of a series of securities other than a senior/subordinate series, if so provided in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the applicable form of credit enhancement may provide for reinstatement in accordance with specified conditions if, following the final liquidation of a loan and a draw under the related credit enhancement, Subsequent Recoveries are received. For a description of the master servicer’s or the servicer’s obligations to maintain and make claims under applicable forms of credit enhancement and insurance relating to the loans, see “Description of Credit Enhancement” and “Insurance Policies on Loans.”

The market value of any Mixed-Use Property or multifamily property obtained in foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure will be based substantially on the operating income obtained from renting the dwelling units and, in the case of Mixed-Use Property, the commercial units. Since a default on a mortgage loan secured by Mixed-Use Property or multifamily property is likely to have occurred because operating income, net of expenses, is insufficient to make debt service payments on the related mortgage loan, it can be anticipated that the market value of that

 

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property will be less than was anticipated when the related mortgage loan was originated. To the extent that the equity in the property does not absorb the loss in market value and the loss is not covered by other credit support, a loss may be experienced by the related trust.

For a discussion of legal rights and limitations associated with the foreclosure of a loan, see “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans.”

The master servicer or servicer will deal with any defaulted private securities in the manner set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Servicing Compensation and Payment of Expenses

Each servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, will be paid compensation for the performance of its servicing obligations at the percentage per annum described in the accompanying prospectus supplement of the outstanding principal balance of each loan. Any subservicer will also be entitled to the servicing fee as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The servicer or the master servicer, if any, will deduct the servicing fee for the loans underlying the securities of a series in an amount to be specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The servicing fees may be fixed or variable. In addition, the master servicer, any servicer or the relevant subservicers, if any, will be entitled to servicing compensation in the form of assumption fees, late payment charges or excess proceeds following disposition of property in connection with defaulted loans and any earnings on investments held in the Payment Account or any Custodial Account, to the extent not applied as Compensating Interest. Any Excess Spread or Excluded Spread retained by a seller, the master servicer or servicer will not constitute part of the servicing fee. Regardless of the foregoing, for a series of securities as to which the trust includes private securities, the compensation payable to the master servicer or servicer for servicing and administering such private securities on behalf of the holders of such securities may be based on a percentage per annum described in the accompanying prospectus supplement of the outstanding balance of such private securities and may be retained from distributions of interest thereon, if stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement. In addition, some reasonable duties of the master servicer or the servicer may be performed by an affiliate of the master servicer or the servicer who will be entitled to compensation for performance of those duties.

The master servicer or the servicer will pay or cause to be paid some of the ongoing expenses associated with each trust and incurred by it in connection with its responsibilities under the related agreement, including, without limitation, payment of any fee or other amount payable for some credit enhancement arrangements, payment of the fees and disbursements of the trustee, any custodian appointed by the trustee, the security registrar and any paying agent, and payment of expenses incurred in enforcing the obligations of subservicers and sellers. The master servicer or the servicer will be entitled to reimbursement of expenses incurred in enforcing the obligations of subservicers and sellers under some circumstances. In addition, as indicated in “—Servicing and Administration of Loans—Collection and Other Servicing Procedures,” the master servicer or the servicer will be entitled to reimbursements for some of the expenses incurred by it in connection with Liquidated Loans and in connection with the restoration of mortgaged properties, such right of reimbursement being prior to the rights of securityholders to receive any related Liquidation Proceeds, including Insurance Proceeds.

 

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Evidence as to Compliance

Each pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement will require the master servicer or the servicer, for each series of securities, to deliver to the trustee, on or before the date in each year specified in the agreement, and, if required, file with the Commission as part of a Report on 10-K filed on behalf of each issuing entity, the following documents:

 

   

a report regarding its assessment of compliance during the preceding calendar year with all applicable servicing criteria set forth in relevant Commission regulations with respect to asset-backed securities transactions taken as a whole involving the master servicer that are backed by the same types of assets as those backing the securities, as well as similar reports on assessment of compliance received from certain other parties participating in the servicing function as required by relevant Commission regulations;

 

   

with respect to each assessment report described immediately above, a report by a registered public accounting firm that attests to, and reports on, the assessment made by the asserting party, as set forth in relevant Commission regulations; and

 

   

a servicer compliance certificate, signed by an authorized officer of the master servicer, to the effect that:

 

   

A review of the master servicer’s activities during the reporting period and of its performance under the applicable related agreement has been made under such officer’s supervision; and

 

   

To the best of such officer’s knowledge, based on such review, the master servicer has fulfilled all of its obligations under the related agreement in all material respects throughout the reporting period or, if there has been a failure to fulfill any such obligation, in any material respect, specifying each such failure known to such officer and the nature and status thereof.

The master servicer’s obligation to deliver to the trustee any assessment or attestation report described above and, if required, to file the same with the Commission, is limited to those reports prepared by the master servicer and, in the case of reports prepared by any other party, those reports actually received by the master servicer on or before March 31 in each year. In addition, each servicer or subservicer participating in the servicing function with respect to more than 5% of the mortgage loans will provide the foregoing assessment reports with respect to itself and each servicer or subservicer of at least 10% of the mortgage loans will provide the compliance certificate described above with respect to its servicing activities.

Furthermore, if any trust includes mortgage securities, either the related prospectus supplement will specify how to locate Exchange Act reports relating to such mortgage securities or the required information will be provided in such trust’s Exchange Act reports while it is a reporting entity.

 

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Certain Other Matters Regarding Servicing

Each servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, may not resign from its obligations and duties under the related pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement unless each rating agency has confirmed in writing that the resignation will not qualify, reduce or cause to be withdrawn the then-current ratings on the securities except on a determination that its duties thereunder are no longer permissible under applicable law. No resignation will become effective until the trustee or a successor servicer or master servicer has assumed the servicer’s or the master servicer’s obligations and duties under the related pooling and servicing agreement.

Each pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement will also provide that neither the servicer, the master servicer, nor any director, officer, employee or agent of the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, will be under any liability to the trust or the securityholders for any action taken or for refraining from taking any action in good faith under the related agreement, or for errors in judgment. However, neither the servicer, the master servicer nor any such person will be protected against any liability that would otherwise be imposed by reason of the failure to perform its obligations in compliance with any standard of care set forth in the related agreement. The servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, may, in its discretion, undertake any action that it may deem necessary or desirable with respect to the servicing agreement and the rights and duties of the parties thereto and the interest of the related securityholders. The legal expenses and costs of the action and any liability resulting therefrom will be expenses, costs and liabilities of the trust and the servicer or the master servicer will be entitled to be reimbursed out of funds otherwise distributable to securityholders.

The master servicer or the servicer will be required to maintain a fidelity bond and errors and omissions policy for its officers and employees and other persons acting on behalf of the master servicer or the servicer in connection with its activities under the related servicing agreement.

If the servicer or the master servicer subcontracts the servicing of mortgaged loans to a Special Servicer, the standard of care for, and any indemnification to be provided to, the Special Servicer will be set forth in the related prospectus supplement, pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement.

A servicer or the master servicer may have other business relationships with the depositor, any seller or their affiliates.

DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT ENHANCEMENT

General

As described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, credit support provided for each series of securities may include one or more or any combination of the following:

 

   

a letter of credit;

 

   

subordination provided by any class of subordinated securities for the related series;

 

   

overcollateralization and excess cash flow;

 

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a mortgage repurchase bond, mortgage pool insurance policy, mortgage insurance policy, special hazard insurance policy, bankruptcy bond or other types of insurance policies, or a secured or unsecured corporate guaranty, as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement;

 

   

a reserve fund; or

 

   

a financial guaranty insurance policy or surety bond.

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the loans or home improvement contracts may be partially insured by the FHA under Title I.

Credit support for each series of securities may be comprised of one or more of the above components. Each component will have a dollar limit and may provide coverage for Realized Losses that are:

 

   

Defaulted Mortgage Losses;

 

   

Special Hazard Losses;

 

   

Bankruptcy Losses; and

 

   

Fraud Losses.

Most forms of credit support will not provide protection against all risks of loss and will not guarantee repayment of the entire outstanding principal balance of the securities and interest. If losses occur that exceed the amount covered by credit support or are of a type that is not covered by the credit support, securityholders will bear their allocable share of deficiencies. In particular, Defaulted Mortgage Losses, Special Hazard Losses, Bankruptcy Losses and Fraud Losses in excess of the amount of coverage provided therefor and Extraordinary Losses will not be covered. To the extent that the credit enhancement for any series of securities is exhausted, the securityholders will bear all further risks of loss not otherwise insured against.

Credit support may also be provided in the form of an insurance policy covering the risk of collection and adequacy of any Additional Collateral provided in connection with any Additional Collateral Loan, as limited by that insurance policy. As described in the related agreement, credit support may apply to all of the loans or to some loans contained in a pool.

For any series of securities backed by Trust Balances of revolving credit loans, the credit enhancement provided for the securities will cover any portion of any Realized Losses allocated to the Trust Balances, subject to any limitations described in this prospectus and in the accompanying prospectus supplement. See “The Trusts—Revolving Credit Loans.”

Each prospectus supplement will include a description of:

 

   

the amount payable under the credit enhancement arrangement, if any, provided for a series;

 

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any conditions to payment not otherwise described in this prospectus;

 

   

the conditions under which the amount payable under the credit support may be reduced and under which the credit support may be terminated or replaced; and

 

   

the material provisions of any agreement relating to the credit support.

Additionally, each prospectus supplement will contain information for the issuer of any third-party credit enhancement, if applicable. The related agreement or other documents may be modified in connection with the provisions of any credit enhancement arrangement to provide for reimbursement rights, control rights or other provisions that may be required by the credit enhancer. To the extent provided in the applicable agreement, the credit enhancement arrangements may be periodically modified, reduced and substituted for based on the performance of or on the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the loans covered. See “Description of Credit Enhancement—Reduction or Substitution of Credit Enhancement.”

The descriptions of any insurance policies, bonds or other instruments described in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement and the coverage under those instruments do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the actual forms of the policies, copies of which typically will be exhibits to the Form 8-K to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the issuance of the related series of securities.

Letters of Credit

If any component of credit enhancement as to any series of securities is to be provided by a letter of credit, a bank will deliver to the trustee an irrevocable letter of credit. The letter of credit may provide direct coverage for the loans. The letter of credit bank, the amount available under the letter of credit for each component of credit enhancement, the expiration date of the letter of credit, and a more detailed description of the letter of credit will be specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. On or before each distribution date, the letter of credit bank will be required to make payments after notification from the trustee, to be deposited in the related Payment Account for the coverage provided thereby. The letter of credit may also provide for the payment of Advances.

Subordination

A senior/subordinate series of securities will consist of one or more classes of senior securities and one or more classes of subordinate securities, as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Subordination of the subordinate securities of any senior/subordinate series will be effected by the following method, unless an alternative method is specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. In addition, some classes of senior or subordinate securities may be senior to other classes of senior or subordinate securities, as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

For any senior/subordinate series, the total amount available for distribution on each distribution date, as well as the method for allocating that amount among the various classes of securities included in the series, will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. In

 

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most cases, for any series, the amount available for distribution will be allocated first to interest on the senior securities of that series, and then to principal of the senior securities up to the amounts described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, prior to allocation of any amounts to the subordinate securities.

If so provided in the related agreement, the master servicer or servicer may be permitted, under certain circumstances, to purchase any loan that is two or more months delinquent in payments of principal and interest, at the repurchase price. If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, any Realized Loss subsequently incurred in connection with any such loan will be passed through to the then-outstanding securityholders of the related series in the same manner as Realized Losses on loans that have not been so purchased, unless that purchase was made on the request of the holder of the most junior class of securities of the related series. See “Description of the Securities—Servicing and Administration of Loans—Special Servicing” above.

In the event of any Realized Losses not in excess of the limitations described below (other than Extraordinary Losses), the rights of the subordinate securityholders to receive distributions will be subordinate to the rights of the senior securityholders and the owner of Excluded Spread and, as to certain classes of subordinated securities, may be subordinate to the rights of other subordinate securityholders.

Except as noted below, Realized Losses will be allocated to the subordinate securities of the related series until their outstanding principal balances have been reduced to zero. Additional Realized Losses, if any, will be allocated to the senior securities. If the series includes more than one class of senior securities, the additional Realized Losses will be allocated either on a pro rata basis among all of the senior securities in proportion to their respective outstanding principal balances or as otherwise provided in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will describe how Special Hazard Losses in excess of the Special Hazard Amount will be allocated among all outstanding classes of securities. In general, such losses will be allocated among all outstanding classes of securities of the related series on a pro rata basis in proportion to their outstanding principal balances. The respective amounts of other specified types of losses, including Fraud Losses and Bankruptcy Losses, that may be borne solely by the subordinate securities may be similarly limited to the Fraud Loss Amount and Bankruptcy Amount, and the subordinate securities may provide no coverage with respect to Extraordinary Losses or other specified types of losses, as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, in which case those losses would be allocated on a pro rata basis among all outstanding classes of securities or as otherwise specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Each of the Special Hazard Amount, Fraud Loss Amount and Bankruptcy Amount may be subject to periodic reductions and may be subject to further reduction or termination, without the consent of the securityholders, on the written confirmation from each applicable rating agency that the then-current rating of the related series of securities will not be adversely affected.

In most cases, any allocation of a Realized Loss, including a Special Hazard Loss, Fraud Loss or Bankruptcy Loss, to a security in a senior/subordinate series will be made by reducing its outstanding principal balance as of the distribution date following the calendar month in which the Realized Loss was incurred.

 

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The rights of holders of the various classes of securities of any series to receive distributions of principal and interest is determined by the aggregate outstanding principal balance of each class or, if applicable, the related notional amount. The outstanding principal balance of any security will be reduced by all amounts previously distributed on that security representing principal, and by any Realized Losses allocated thereto. If there are no Realized Losses or Principal Prepayments on any loan, the respective rights of the holders of securities of any series to future distributions in most cases would not change. However, to the extent described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, holders of senior securities may be entitled to receive a disproportionately larger amount of prepayments received during specified periods, which will have the effect, absent offsetting losses, of accelerating the amortization of the senior securities and increasing the respective percentage ownership interest evidenced by the subordinate securities in the related trust, with a corresponding decrease in the percentage of the outstanding principal balances of the senior securities, thereby preserving the availability of the subordination provided by the subordinate securities. In addition, some Realized Losses will be allocated first to subordinate securities by reduction of their outstanding principal balance, which will have the effect of increasing the respective ownership interest evidenced by the senior securities in the related trust.

If so provided in the accompanying prospectus supplement, some amounts otherwise payable on any distribution date to holders of subordinate securities may be deposited into a reserve fund. Amounts held in any reserve fund may be applied as described under “Description of Credit Enhancement—Reserve Funds” and in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

In lieu of the foregoing provisions, subordination may be effected by limiting the rights of the holders of subordinate securities to receive the Subordinate Amount to the extent described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. As specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the Subordinate Amount may be reduced based on the amount of losses borne by the holders of the subordinate securities as a result of the subordination, a specified schedule or other method of reduction as the prospectus supplement may specify.

The exact terms and provisions of the subordination of any subordinate security will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Overcollateralization and Excess Cash Flow

If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, interest collections on the loans may exceed interest payments on the securities and other fees and expenses of the trust for the related distribution date. To the extent such excess interest is applied as principal payments on the securities, the effect will be to reduce the principal balance of the securities relative to the aggregate outstanding balance of the loans, thereby creating overcollateralization and additional protection to the securityholders, if and to the extent specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Additionally, some of this excess cash flow may be used to protect the securities against some Realized Losses by making an additional payment of principal on the securities up to the amount of the Realized Loss.

 

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Mortgage Pool Insurance Policies and Mortgage Insurance Policies

Protection against losses on all or a portion of the loans in a loan pool may be obtained by the depositor for a trust in the form of a mortgage pool insurance policy or a mortgage insurance policy. A mortgage pool insurance policy covers specified losses on loans to the extent that the primary insurance policy, if required, is not sufficient to cover the loss. Generally, the insurer’s payment obligations under a mortgage pool insurance policy are limited to a certain amount, which will be stated in the prospectus supplement. As used in this prospectus, a mortgage insurance policy is a policy that provides primary mortgage insurance on all of the loans that are subject to the policy. The insurer’s payment obligations will be limited to the amount stated in the prospectus supplement, if applicable. Each mortgage pool insurance policy or mortgage insurance policy, in accordance with the limitations described in this prospectus and in the prospectus supplement, if any, will cover Defaulted Mortgage Losses on loans in an amount specified in the prospectus supplement. As described under “—Maintenance of Credit Enhancement,” the master servicer or servicer will use its best reasonable efforts to maintain the mortgage pool insurance policy or mortgage insurance policy and to present claims to the insurer on behalf of itself, the trustee and the securityholders. The mortgage pool insurance policies and mortgage insurance policies, however, are not blanket policies against loss, since claims may only be made respecting particular defaulted loans and only on satisfaction of specified conditions precedent described in the succeeding paragraph. Unless specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the mortgage pool insurance policies may not cover losses due to a failure to pay or denial of a claim under a primary insurance policy, irrespective of the reason.

As more specifically provided in the accompanying prospectus supplement, each mortgage pool insurance policy or mortgage insurance policy will provide for conditions under which claims may be presented and covered under the policy. On satisfaction of these conditions, the insurer will have the option either (a) to purchase the property securing the defaulted loan at a price described in the prospectus supplement, or (b) to pay the portion of the loss specified in the prospectus supplement. In the case of a mortgage pool insurance policy, payments (i) may be reduced because of an aggregate payment limitation on the policy and (ii) may be net of some amounts paid or assumed to have been paid under any related primary insurance policy.

Securityholders may experience a shortfall in the amount of interest payable on the related securities in connection with the payment of claims under a mortgage pool insurance policy or a mortgage insurance policy because the insurer may not be required to remit unpaid interest through the end of the month in which the claim is paid. In addition, the securityholders may also experience losses on the related securities in connection with payments made under a mortgage pool insurance policy or mortgage insurance policy to the extent that the master servicer or servicer expends funds to cover unpaid real estate taxes or to repair the related mortgaged property in order to make a claim under a mortgage pool insurance policy or mortgage insurance policy, as those amounts may not be covered by payments under the applicable policy and may be reimbursable to the master servicer or servicer from funds otherwise payable to the securityholders. If any mortgaged property securing a defaulted loan is damaged and proceeds, if any (see “—Special Hazard Insurance Policies” below for risks which are not covered by those policies), from the related hazard insurance policy or applicable special hazard insurance policy are insufficient to restore the damaged property to a condition sufficient to permit recovery under the mortgage pool insurance policy or mortgage insurance policy, the master servicer or servicer is not required to expend its own funds to restore

 

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the damaged property unless it determines that (a) restoration will increase the proceeds to securityholders on liquidation of the mortgage loan after reimbursement of the master servicer or servicer for its expenses and (b) the expenses will be recoverable by it through Liquidation Proceeds or Insurance Proceeds.

Some mortgage pool insurance policies, mortgage insurance policies and primary insurance policies will not insure against loss sustained by reason of a default arising from, among other things, fraud or negligence in the origination or servicing of a loan, including misrepresentation by the borrower, the seller or other persons involved in the origination of the loan, failure to construct a mortgaged property in accordance with plans and specifications, or bankruptcy, unless, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, an endorsement to the mortgage pool insurance policy or mortgage insurance policy provides for insurance against that type of loss. Depending on the nature of the event, a breach of a representation made by Residential Funding or a designated seller may also have occurred. If the breach of that representation materially and adversely affects the interests of securityholders and cannot be cured, the breach would give rise to a repurchase obligation on the part of Residential Funding or a designated seller, as described under “Description of the Securities—Repurchases of Loans.”

The original amount of coverage under each mortgage pool insurance policy will be reduced over the life of the related series of securities by the aggregate amount of claims paid less the aggregate of the net amounts realized by the pool insurer on disposition of all foreclosed properties. The amount of claims paid includes some expenses incurred by the master servicer or servicer as well as accrued interest on delinquent mortgage loans, in most cases to the date of payment of the claim or to the date that the claim is submitted to the insurer. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans.” Accordingly, if aggregate net claims paid under any mortgage pool insurance policy reach the original policy limit, coverage under that mortgage pool insurance policy will be exhausted and any further losses will be borne by the related securityholders. In addition, unless the master servicer or servicer determines that an Advance relating to a delinquent mortgage loan would be recoverable to it from the proceeds of the liquidation of the mortgage loan or otherwise, the master servicer or servicer would not be obligated to make an Advance respecting any delinquency since the Advance would not be ultimately recoverable to it from either the mortgage pool insurance policy or from any other related source. See “Description of the Securities—Advances.” If specified in the prospectus supplement, a mortgage insurance policy may have a similar limit on the aggregate amount of coverage for losses.

Since each mortgage pool insurance policy and mortgage insurance policy generally will require that the property subject to a defaulted mortgage loan be restored to its original condition prior to claiming against the insurer, those policies will not provide coverage against hazard losses. As described under “Insurance Policies on Loans—Standard Hazard Insurance on Mortgaged Properties,” the hazard policies covering the mortgage loans typically exclude from coverage physical damage resulting from a number of causes and, even when the damage is covered, may afford recoveries which are significantly less than full replacement cost of the mortgaged property. Additionally, no coverage for Special Hazard Losses, Fraud Losses or Bankruptcy Losses will cover all risks, and the amount of any such coverage will be limited. See “—Special Hazard Insurance Policies” below. As a result, certain hazard risks will not be insured against and may be borne by securityholders.

 

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Contract pools may be covered by pool insurance policies that are similar to the mortgage pool insurance policies and mortgage insurance policies described above.

Special Hazard Insurance Policies

Any insurance policy covering Special Hazard Losses obtained for a trust will be issued by the insurer named in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Each special hazard insurance policy subject to limitations described in this paragraph and in the accompanying prospectus supplement, if any, will protect the related securityholders from Special Hazard Losses. Aggregate claims under a special hazard insurance policy will be limited to the amount set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement and will be subject to reduction as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. A special hazard insurance policy will provide that no claim may be paid unless hazard and, if applicable, flood insurance on the property securing the loan has been kept in force and other protection and preservation expenses have been paid by the master servicer or servicer.

In accordance with the foregoing limitations, a special hazard insurance policy will provide that, where there has been damage to property securing a foreclosed loan, title to which has been acquired by the insured, and to the extent the damage is not covered by the hazard insurance policy or flood insurance policy, if any, maintained by the borrower or the master servicer or servicer, the insurer will pay the lesser of (i) the cost of repair or replacement of the related property or (ii) on transfer of the property to the insurer, the unpaid principal balance of the loan at the time of acquisition of the related property by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, plus accrued interest at the loan rate to the date of claim settlement and certain expenses incurred by the master servicer or servicer for the related property.

If the property is transferred to a third party in a sale approved by the special hazard insurer, the amount that the special hazard insurer will pay will be the amount under (ii) above reduced by the net proceeds of the sale of the property. If the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest and some expenses is paid by the special hazard insurer, the amount of further coverage under the related special hazard insurance policy will be reduced by that amount less any net proceeds from the sale of the property. Any amount paid as the cost of repair of the property will further reduce coverage by that amount. Restoration of the property with the proceeds described under (i) above will satisfy the condition under each mortgage pool insurance policy or contract pool insurance policy that the property be restored before a claim under the policy may be validly presented for the defaulted loan secured by the related property. The payment described under (ii) above will render presentation of a claim relating to a loan under the related mortgage pool insurance policy or contract pool insurance policy unnecessary. Therefore, so long as a mortgage pool insurance policy or contract pool insurance policy remains in effect, the payment by the insurer under a special hazard insurance policy of the cost of repair or of the unpaid principal balance of the related loan plus accrued interest and some expenses will not affect the total Insurance Proceeds paid to securityholders, but will affect the relative amounts of coverage remaining under the related special hazard insurance policy and mortgage pool insurance policy or contract pool insurance policy.

 

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Bankruptcy Bonds

In the event of a personal bankruptcy of a mortgagor and a filing under Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code, a bankruptcy court may establish the value of the mortgaged property of the mortgagor at a proceeding resulting in a Deficient Valuation. Under current law, Deficient Valuations are not permitted with respect to first liens on the related mortgaged property, but may occur with respect to a mortgage loan secured by a junior lien if the value of the related mortgaged property at the time of the filing is less than the amount of any first lien.

In addition, other modifications of the terms of a mortgage loan or contract can result from a bankruptcy proceeding without a permanent forgiveness of the principal amount of the mortgage loan, including a Debt Service Reduction. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and Contracts—The Mortgage Loans—Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders.” Any bankruptcy policy to provide coverage for Bankruptcy Losses resulting from proceedings under the federal Bankruptcy Code obtained for a trust will be issued by an insurer named in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The level of coverage under each bankruptcy policy will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Reserve Funds

If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the depositor will deposit or cause to be deposited in a reserve fund, any combination of cash or Permitted Investments in specified amounts, or any other instrument satisfactory to the rating agency or agencies, which will be applied and maintained in the manner and under the conditions specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Instead of or in addition to that deposit, to the extent described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a reserve fund may be funded through application of all or a portion of amounts otherwise payable on any related subordinate securities, from the Excess Spread or otherwise. To the extent that the funding of the reserve fund is dependent on amounts otherwise payable on related subordinate securities, Excess Spread or other cash flows attributable to the related loans or on reinvestment income, the reserve fund may provide less coverage than initially expected if the cash flows or reinvestment income on which the funding is dependent are lower than anticipated.

For any series of securities as to which credit enhancement includes a letter of credit, if stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, under specified circumstances the remaining amount of the letter of credit may be drawn by the trustee and deposited in a reserve fund. Amounts in a reserve fund may be distributed to securityholders, or applied to reimburse the master servicer or servicer for outstanding Advances, or may be used for other purposes, in the manner and to the extent specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, amounts in a reserve fund may be available only to cover specific types of losses, or losses on specific loans. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether any reserve fund will not be deemed to be part of the related trust. A reserve fund may provide coverage to more than one series of securities, if described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The trustee will have a perfected security interest for the benefit of the securityholders in the assets in the reserve fund, unless the assets are owned by the related trust. However, to the extent

 

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that the depositor, any affiliate of the depositor or any other entity has an interest in any reserve fund, in the event of the bankruptcy, receivership or insolvency of that entity, there could be delays in withdrawals from the reserve fund and the corresponding payments to the securityholders. These delays could adversely affect the yield to investors on the related securities.

Amounts deposited in any reserve fund for a series will be invested in Permitted Investments by, or at the direction of, and for the benefit of a servicer, the master servicer or any other person named in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Financial Guaranty Insurance Policies; Surety Bonds

The depositor may obtain one or more financial guaranty insurance policies or guaranties or one or more surety bonds, or one or more guarantees issued by insurers or other parties acceptable to the rating agency or agencies rating the securities offered insuring the holders of one or more classes of securities the payment of amounts due in accordance with the terms of that class or those classes of securities. Any financial guaranty insurance policy, surety bond or guaranty will have the characteristics described in, and will be in accordance with any limitations and exceptions described in, the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Unless specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a financial guaranty insurance policy will be unconditional and irrevocable and will guarantee to holders of the applicable securities that an amount equal to the full amount of payments due to these holders will be received by the trustee or its agent on behalf of the holders for payment on each payment date. The specific terms of any financial guaranty insurance policy will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. A financial guaranty insurance policy may have limitations and, in most cases, will not insure the obligation of the sellers or the master servicer or servicer to purchase or substitute for a defective trust asset and will not guarantee any specific rate of Principal Prepayments or cover specific interest shortfalls. In most cases, the insurer will be subrogated to the rights of each holder to the extent the insurer makes payments under the financial guaranty insurance policy.

Maintenance of Credit Enhancement

If credit enhancement has been obtained for a series of securities, the master servicer or the servicer will be obligated to exercise its best reasonable efforts to keep or cause to be kept the credit enhancement in full force and effect throughout the term of the applicable agreement, unless coverage thereunder has been exhausted through payment of claims or otherwise, or substitution therefor is made as described below under “—Reduction or Substitution of Credit Enhancement.” The master servicer or the servicer, as applicable, on behalf of itself, the trustee and securityholders, will be required to provide information required for the trustee to draw under any applicable credit enhancement.

The master servicer or the servicer will agree to pay the premiums for each mortgage pool insurance policy, special hazard insurance policy, mortgage insurance policy, bankruptcy policy, financial guaranty insurance policy or surety bond, as applicable, on a timely basis, unless the premiums are paid directly by the trust. As to mortgage pool insurance policies generally, if the related insurer ceases to be a Qualified Insurer, the master servicer or the servicer will use its best reasonable efforts to obtain from another Qualified Insurer a comparable replacement insurance

 

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policy or bond with a total coverage equal to the then-outstanding coverage of the policy or bond. If the cost of the replacement policy is greater than the cost of the existing policy or bond, the coverage of the replacement policy or bond will, unless otherwise agreed to by the depositor, be reduced to a level so that its premium rate does not exceed the premium rate on the original insurance policy. Any losses in market value of the securities associated with any reduction or withdrawal in rating by an applicable rating agency shall be borne by the securityholders.

If any property securing a defaulted loan is damaged and proceeds, if any, from the related hazard insurance policy or any applicable special hazard insurance policy are insufficient to restore the damaged property to a condition sufficient to permit recovery under any letter of credit, mortgage pool insurance policy, mortgage insurance policy, contract pool insurance policy or any related primary insurance policy, the master servicer or the servicer is not required to expend its own funds to restore the damaged property unless it determines (i) that restoration will increase the proceeds to one or more classes of securityholders on liquidation of the loan after reimbursement of the master servicer or the servicer for its expenses and (ii) that the expenses will be recoverable by it through Liquidation Proceeds or Insurance Proceeds. If recovery under any letter of credit, mortgage pool insurance policy, mortgage insurance policy, contract pool insurance policy other credit enhancement or any related primary insurance policy is not available because the master servicer or the servicer has been unable to make the above determinations, has made the determinations incorrectly or recovery is not available for any other reason, the master servicer or the servicer is nevertheless obligated to follow whatever normal practices and procedures, in accordance with the preceding sentence, that it deems necessary or advisable to realize upon the defaulted loan and if this determination has been incorrectly made, is entitled to reimbursement of its expenses in connection with the restoration.

Reduction or Substitution of Credit Enhancement

The amount of credit support provided for any series of securities and relating to various types of losses incurred may be reduced under specified circumstances. In most cases, the amount available as credit support will be subject to periodic reduction on a non-discretionary basis in accordance with a schedule or formula set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Additionally, in most cases, the credit support may be replaced, reduced or terminated, and the formula used in calculating the amount of coverage for Bankruptcy Losses, Special Hazard Losses or Fraud Losses may be changed, without the consent of the securityholders, on the written assurance from each applicable rating agency that the then-current rating of the related series of securities will not be adversely affected and with the consent of the related credit enhancer, if applicable.

Furthermore, if the credit rating of any obligor under any applicable credit enhancement is downgraded or the amount of credit enhancement is no longer sufficient to support the rating on the related securities, the credit rating of each class of the related securities may be downgraded to a corresponding level, and, the accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the master servicer, the servicer or the depositor will be obligated to obtain replacement credit support in order to restore the rating of the securities. The master servicer or the servicer, as applicable, will also be permitted to replace any credit support with other credit enhancement instruments issued by obligors whose credit ratings are equivalent to the downgraded level and in lower amounts that would satisfy the downgraded level, provided that the then-current rating of each class of the related

 

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series of securities is maintained. Where the credit support is in the form of a reserve fund, a permitted reduction in the amount of credit enhancement will result in a release of all or a portion of the assets in the reserve fund to the depositor, the master servicer or the servicer or any other person that is entitled to the credit support. Any assets so released and any amount by which the credit enhancement is reduced will not be available for distributions in future periods.

OTHER FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS RELATED TO THE SECURITIES

Swaps and Yield Supplement Agreements

The trustee on behalf of the trust may enter into interest rate swaps and related caps, floors and collars to minimize the risk to securityholders of adverse changes in interest rates, and other yield supplement agreements or similar yield maintenance arrangements that do not involve swap agreements or other notional principal contracts.

An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange a stream of interest payments on an agreed hypothetical or “notional” principal amount. No principal amount is exchanged between the counterparties to an interest rate swap. In the typical swap, one party agrees to pay a fixed rate on a notional principal amount, while the counterparty pays a floating rate based on one or more reference interest rates including the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, a specified bank’s prime rate or U.S. Treasury Bill rates. Interest rate swaps also permit counterparties to exchange a floating rate obligation based on one reference interest rate (such as LIBOR) for a floating rate obligation based on another referenced interest rate (such as U.S. Treasury Bill rates).

The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a significant number of banks and financial service firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. Caps, floors and collars are more recent innovations, and they are less liquid than other swaps.

Yield supplement agreements may be entered into to supplement the interest rate or rates on one or more classes of the securities of any series.

There can be no assurance that the trust will be able to enter into or offset swaps or enter into yield supplement agreements at any specific time or at prices or on other terms that are advantageous. In addition, although the terms of the swaps and yield supplement agreements may provide for termination under some circumstances, there can be no assurance that the trust will be able to terminate a swap or yield supplement agreement when it would be economically advantageous to the trust to do so.

Purchase Obligations

Some types of loans and classes of securities of any series, as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, may be subject to a purchase obligation. The terms and conditions of each purchase obligation, including the purchase price, timing and payment procedure, will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. A purchase obligation for loans may apply to the loans or to the related securities. Each purchase obligation may be a secured or unsecured obligation of its provider, which may include a bank or other financial institution or an insurance

 

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company. Each purchase obligation will be evidenced by an instrument delivered to the trustee for the benefit of the applicable securityholders of the related series. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether each purchase obligation for loans will be payable solely to the trustee for the benefit of the securityholders of the related series. Other purchase obligations may be payable to the trustee or directly to the holders of the securities to which the obligations relate.

INSURANCE POLICIES ON LOANS

The mortgaged property related to each loan (other than a Cooperative Loan) will be required to be covered by a hazard insurance policy (as described under “—Standard Hazard Insurance on Mortgaged Properties,” below). In addition, some loans will be required to be covered by a primary insurance policy. If there are any FHA loans and VA loans in the mortgage pool, those loans will be covered by the government mortgage insurance programs described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The descriptions of any insurance policies contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement and the coverage thereunder do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the forms of policies.

Primary Insurance Policies

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and except as described below, (i) each mortgage loan having an LTV ratio at origination of over 80% will be covered by a primary mortgage guaranty insurance policy insuring against default on the mortgage loan up to an amount set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement, unless and until the principal balance of the mortgage loan is reduced to a level that would produce an LTV ratio equal to or less than 80%, and (ii) the depositor or the related seller will represent and warrant that, to the best of its knowledge, the mortgage loans are so covered. However, the foregoing standard may vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the mortgage loans and the applicable underwriting standards. A mortgage loan will not be considered to be an exception to the foregoing standard if no primary insurance policy was obtained at origination but the mortgage loan has amortized to an 80% or less LTV ratio level as of the applicable cut-off date. In most cases, the depositor will have the ability to cancel any primary insurance policy if the LTV ratio of the mortgage loan is reduced to 80% or less (or a lesser specified percentage) based on an appraisal of the mortgaged property after the related closing date or as a result of principal payments that reduce the principal balance of the mortgage loan after the closing date. Trust assets secured by a junior lien on the related mortgaged property usually will not be required by the depositor to be covered by a primary mortgage guaranty insurance policy insuring against default on the mortgage loan. Mortgage loans secured by multifamily properties will not be covered by a primary insurance policy, regardless of the related LTV ratio.

A primary insurance policy is generally obtained with respect to an individual mortgage loan. It may be required to be obtained and paid for by the borrower, or may be paid for by the master servicer, the servicer, the seller or a third party.

Under a federal statute, borrowers with respect to many residential mortgage loans originated on or after July 29, 1999, will have a right to request the cancellation of any private mortgage insurance policy insuring loans when the outstanding principal amount of the mortgage loan has been reduced or is scheduled to have been reduced to 80% or less of the value of the

 

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mortgaged property at the time the mortgage loan was originated. The borrower’s right to request the cancellation of the policy is subject to certain conditions, including (i) the condition that no monthly payment has been thirty days or more past due during the twelve months prior to the cancellation date, and no monthly payment has been sixty days or more past due during the twelve months prior to that period, (ii) there has been no decline in the value of the mortgaged property since the time the mortgage loan was originated and (iii) the mortgaged property is not encumbered by subordinate liens. In addition, any requirement for private mortgage insurance will automatically terminate when the scheduled principal balance of the mortgage loan, based on the original amortization schedule for the mortgage loan, is reduced to 78% or less of the value of the mortgaged property at the time of origination, provided the mortgage loan is current. The legislation requires that borrowers be provided written notice of these cancellation rights at the origination of the mortgage loans.

If the private mortgage insurance is not otherwise canceled or terminated by borrower request in the circumstances described above, it must be terminated no later than the first day of the month immediately following the date that is the midpoint of the mortgage loan’s amortization period, if on that date, the borrower is current on the payments required by the terms of the mortgage loan. The mortgagee’s or master servicer’s or servicer’s failure to comply with the law could subject such parties to civil money penalties but would not affect the validity or enforceability of the mortgage loan. The law does not preempt any state law regulating private mortgage insurance except to the extent that such law is inconsistent with the federal law and then only to the extent of the inconsistency.

In most cases, Mexico Loans will have LTV ratios of less than 80% and will not be insured under a primary insurance policy. Primary mortgage insurance or similar credit enhancement on a Mexico Loan may be issued by a private corporation or a governmental agency and may be in the form of a guarantee, insurance policy or another type of credit enhancement.

Mortgage loans that are subject to negative amortization will only be covered by a primary insurance policy if that coverage was required on their origination, regardless that subsequent negative amortization may cause that mortgage loan’s LTV ratio based on the then-current balance, to subsequently exceed the limits that would have required coverage on their origination.

While the terms and conditions of the primary insurance policies issued by one primary mortgage guaranty insurer will usually differ from those in primary insurance policies issued by other primary insurers, each primary insurance policy generally will pay either:

 

   

the insured percentage of the loss on the related mortgaged property;

 

   

the entire amount of the loss, after receipt by the primary insurer of good and merchantable title to, and possession of, the mortgaged property; or

 

   

at the option of the primary insurer under certain primary insurance policies, the sum of the delinquent monthly payments plus any Advances made by the insured, both to the date of the claim payment and, thereafter, monthly payments in the amount that would have become due under the mortgage loan if it had not been discharged plus any Advances made by the insured until the earlier of (a) the date the mortgage loan would have been discharged in full if the default had not occurred or (b) an approved sale.

 

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The amount of the loss as calculated under a primary insurance policy covering a mortgage loan will in most cases consist of the unpaid principal amount of such mortgage loan and accrued and unpaid interest thereon and reimbursement of some expenses, less:

 

   

rents or other payments received by the insured (other than the proceeds of hazard insurance) that are derived from the related mortgaged property;

 

   

hazard insurance proceeds received by the insured in excess of the amount required to restore the mortgaged property and which have not been applied to the payment of the mortgage loan;

 

   

amounts expended but not approved by the primary insurer;

 

   

claim payments previously made on the mortgage loan; and

 

   

unpaid premiums and other amounts.

As conditions precedent to the filing or payment of a claim under a primary insurance policy, in the event of default by the borrower, the insured will typically be required, among other things, to:

 

   

advance or discharge (a) hazard insurance premiums and (b) as necessary and approved in advance by the primary insurer, real estate taxes, protection and preservation expenses and foreclosure and related costs;

 

   

in the event of any physical loss or damage to the mortgaged property, have the mortgaged property restored to at least its condition at the effective date of the primary insurance policy (ordinary wear and tear excepted); and

 

   

tender to the primary insurer good and merchantable title to, and possession of, the mortgaged property.

For any securities offered under this prospectus, the master servicer or the servicer will maintain or cause each subservicer to maintain, as the case may be, in full force and effect and to the extent coverage is available a primary insurance policy with regard to each mortgage loan for which coverage is required under the standard described above unless an exception to such standard applies or alternate credit enhancement is provided as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement; provided that the primary insurance policy was in place as of the cut-off date and the depositor had knowledge of such primary insurance policy.

Standard Hazard Insurance on Mortgaged Properties

The terms of the mortgage loans (other than Cooperative Loans) require each borrower to maintain a hazard insurance policy covering the related mortgaged property and providing for coverage at least equal to that of the standard form of fire insurance policy with extended coverage

 

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customary in the state in which the property is located. Most coverage will be in an amount equal to the lesser of the principal balance of the mortgage loan, the guaranteed replacement value, and, in the case of loans secured by junior liens on the related mortgaged property, the principal balance of any senior mortgage loans, or 100% of the insurable value of the improvements securing the mortgage loan. The pooling and servicing agreement will provide that the master servicer or the servicer shall cause the hazard policies to be maintained or shall obtain a blanket policy insuring against losses on the mortgage loans. If that blanket policy contains a deductible clause, the master servicer or servicer will deposit in the Custodial Account or the applicable Payment Account all amounts which would have been deposited in that account but for that clause. The master servicer or the servicer may satisfy its obligation to cause hazard policies to be maintained by maintaining a blanket policy insuring against losses on those mortgage loans. The ability of the master servicer or the servicer to ensure that hazard insurance proceeds are appropriately applied may be dependent on its being named as an additional insured under any hazard insurance policy and under any flood insurance policy referred to below, or on the extent to which information in this regard is furnished to the master servicer or the servicer by borrowers or subservicers. If loans secured by junior liens on the related mortgaged property are included within any trust, investors should also consider the application of hazard insurance proceeds discussed in this prospectus under “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans—The Mortgage Loans—Junior Mortgages; Rights of Senior Mortgagees.”

The standard form of fire and extended coverage policy covers physical damage to or destruction of the improvements on the property by fire, lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm, hail, riot, strike and civil commotion, in accordance with the conditions and exclusions specified in each policy. The policies relating to the mortgage loans will be underwritten by different insurers under different state laws in accordance with different applicable state forms and therefore will not contain identical terms and conditions, the basic terms of which are dictated by respective state laws. These policies typically do not cover any physical damage resulting from the following: war, revolution, governmental actions, floods and other water-related causes, earth movement, including earthquakes, landslides and mudflows, nuclear reactions, wet or dry rot, vermin, rodents, insects or domestic animals, theft and, in some cases, vandalism. The foregoing list is merely indicative of some kinds of uninsured risks and is not intended to be all-inclusive. Where the improvements securing a mortgage loan are located in a federally designated flood area at the time of origination of that mortgage loan, the pooling and servicing agreement typically requires the master servicer or the servicer to cause to be maintained for each such mortgage loan serviced, flood insurance, to the extent available, in an amount equal to the lesser of the amount required to compensate for any loss or damage on a replacement cost basis or the maximum insurance available under the federal flood insurance program.

The hazard insurance policies covering the mortgaged properties typically contain a co-insurance clause that in effect requires the related borrower at all times to carry insurance of a specified percentage, typically 80% to 90%, of the full replacement value of the improvements on the property in order to recover the full amount of any partial loss. If the related borrower’s coverage falls below this specified percentage, this clause usually provides that the insurer’s liability in the event of partial loss does not exceed the greater of (i) the replacement cost of the improvements damaged or destroyed less physical depreciation or (ii) the proportion of the loss as the amount of insurance carried bears to the specified percentage of the full replacement cost of the improvements.

 

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Since the amount of hazard insurance that borrowers are required to maintain on the improvements securing the mortgage loans may decline as the principal balances owing thereon decrease, and since residential properties have historically appreciated in value over time, hazard insurance proceeds could be insufficient to restore fully the damaged property in the event of a partial loss. See “Description of Credit Enhancement—Subordination” above for a description of when subordination is provided, the protection, limited to the Special Hazard Amount as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement, afforded by subordination, and “Description of Credit Enhancement—Special Hazard Insurance Policies” for a description of the limited protection afforded by any special hazard insurance policy against losses occasioned by hazards which are otherwise uninsured against.

With respect to mixed-use mortgage loans and multifamily mortgage loans, some additional insurance policies may be required, including, but not limited to, loss of rent endorsements, business interruption insurance, comprehensive public liability insurance and general liability insurance for bodily injury and property damage, and the related pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement may require the master servicer or servicer to maintain that insurance with respect to any mortgaged properties relating to REO Loans.

Hazard insurance on the Mexican properties will usually be provided by insurers located in Mexico. The depositor may not be able to obtain as much information about the financial condition of the companies issuing hazard insurance policies in Mexico as it is able to obtain for companies based in the United States. The ability of the insurers to pay claims also may be affected by, among other things, adverse political and economic developments in Mexico.

Standard Hazard Insurance on Manufactured Homes

The terms of the related agreement will require the servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, to cause to be maintained for each manufactured housing contract one or more standard hazard insurance policies that provide, at a minimum, the same coverage as a standard form fire and extended coverage insurance policy that is customary for manufactured housing, issued by a company authorized to issue the policies in the state in which the manufactured home is located, and in an amount that is not less than the maximum insurable value of the manufactured home or the principal balance due from the borrower on the related manufactured housing contract, whichever is less. Coverage may be provided by one or more blanket insurance policies covering losses on the manufactured housing contracts resulting from the absence or insufficiency of individual standard hazard insurance policies. If a manufactured home’s location was, at the time of origination of the related manufactured housing contract, within a federally designated flood area, the servicer or the master servicer also will be required to maintain flood insurance.

If the servicer or the master servicer repossesses a manufactured home on behalf of the trustee, the servicer or the master servicer will either maintain at its expense hazard insurance for the manufactured home or indemnify the trustee against any damage to the manufactured home prior to resale or other disposition.

 

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THE DEPOSITOR

The depositor is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of GMAC Mortgage Group, LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of GMAC LLC. The depositor is a Delaware corporation and was incorporated on November 17, 1999. The depositor was organized for the limited purpose of acquiring loans and contracts and depositing these loans and contracts into issuing entities that issue securities backed by such loans. The depositor does not engage in any other activities and does not have, nor is it expected in the future to have, any significant assets. The depositor anticipates that it will in many cases have acquired loans indirectly through Residential Funding Company, LLC, which is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of GMAC Mortgage Group, LLC. The depositor anticipates that it will in many cases acquire loans from GMAC Mortgage, LLC, which is also an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of GMAC Mortgage Group, LLC.

The securities do not represent an interest in or an obligation of the depositor. The depositor’s only obligations with respect to a series of securities will be to repurchase certain items of mortgage collateral upon any breach of limited representations and warranties made by the depositor.

The depositor maintains its principal office at 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 250, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437. Its telephone number is (952) 857-7000.

RESIDENTIAL FUNDING COMPANY, LLC

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, Residential Funding Company, LLC, an affiliate of the depositor, will act as the sponsor and master servicer or the servicer for each series of securities.

THE AGREEMENTS

As described in this prospectus under “Introduction” and “Description of the Securities—General,” each series of certificates will be issued under a pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement, as applicable, and each series of notes will be issued under an indenture, each as described in that section. In the case of each series of notes, the provisions relating to the servicing of the loans will be contained in the related servicing agreements. The following summaries describe additional provisions common to each pooling and servicing agreement and trust agreement relating to a series of certificates, and each indenture and servicing agreement relating to a series of notes.

Events of Default; Rights Upon Event of Default

Pooling and Servicing Agreement; Servicing Agreement

Events of default under the related pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement for a series of securities will include:

 

   

any failure by the servicer or master servicer to make a required deposit to the Custodial Account or the Payment Account or, if the master servicer or servicer is the paying agent, to distribute to the holders of any class of securities of that series any required

 

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payment which continues unremedied for five days after the giving of written notice of the failure to the master servicer or the servicer by the trustee or the depositor, or to the master servicer or the servicer, the depositor and the trustee by the holders of securities of such class evidencing not less than 25% of the aggregate percentage interests constituting that class or the credit enhancer, if applicable;

 

   

any failure by the master servicer or servicer duly to observe or perform in any material respect any other of its covenants or agreements in the related agreement for that series of securities which continues unremedied for a period of not more than 45 days, or 15 days in the case of a failure to pay the premium for any insurance policy which is required to be maintained under the related servicing agreement, after the giving of written notice of the failure to the master servicer or the servicer by the trustee or the depositor, or to the master servicer or servicer, the depositor and the trustee by the holders of any class of securities of that series evidencing not less than 25%, 33% in the case of a trust including private securities or a majority in the case of a series of notes, of the aggregate percentage interests constituting that class, or the credit enhancer, if applicable; and

 

   

some events of insolvency, bankruptcy or similar proceedings regarding the master servicer or servicer and certain actions by the master servicer or servicer indicating its insolvency or inability to pay its obligations.

A default under the terms of any private securities included in any trust will not constitute an event of default under the related agreement.

So long as an event of default remains unremedied, either the depositor or the trustee may, and, in the case of an event of default under a pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, as applicable, at the direction of the holders of securities evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate voting rights in the related trust, the trustee shall, by written notification to the master servicer or servicer and to the depositor or the trustee, terminate all of the rights and obligations of the master servicer or servicer under the related agreement, other than any rights of the master servicer or servicer as securityholder, and, in the case of termination under a servicing agreement, the right to receive servicing compensation, expenses for servicing the trust assets during any period prior to the date of that termination, and other reimbursement of amounts the master servicer or the servicer is entitled to withdraw from the Custodial Account. The trustee or, on notice to the depositor and with the depositor’s consent, its designee will succeed to all responsibilities, duties and liabilities of the master servicer or the servicer under the related agreement, other than the obligation to purchase loans under some circumstances, and will be entitled to similar compensation arrangements. If a series of securities includes credit enhancement provided by a third party credit enhancer, certain of the foregoing rights may be provided to the credit enhancer rather than the securityholders, if so specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the trustee would be obligated to succeed the master servicer or the servicer but is unwilling to do so, it may appoint or if it is unable to act as master servicer or servicer, it shall appoint or petition a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of, a Fannie Mae- or Freddie Mac-approved mortgage servicing institution with a net worth of at least $10,000,000 to act as successor to the master servicer or the servicer under the related agreement, unless otherwise described in the agreement. Pending appointment, the trustee is obligated to act in that capacity. The

 

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trustee and any successor may agree on the servicing compensation to be paid, which in no event may be greater than the compensation to the initial master servicer or the servicer under the related agreement. The master servicer is required to reimburse the trustee for all reasonable expenses incurred or made by the trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of the pooling and servicing agreement, except any such expenses as may arise from the trustee’s negligence or bad faith.

No securityholder will have any right under a pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, as applicable, to institute any proceeding with respect to the pooling and servicing agreement, unless the holder previously has given to the trustee written notice of default and the continuance thereof and unless the holders of securities of any class evidencing not less than 25% of the aggregate percentage interests constituting that class have made written request upon the trustee to institute the proceeding in its own name as trustee under the pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, as applicable, and have offered to the trustee reasonable indemnity and the trustee for 60 days after receipt of the request and indemnity has neglected or refused to institute any proceeding. However, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by the pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, as applicable, or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation under the pooling and servicing agreement or in relation to the pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, as applicable, at the request, order or direction of any of the securityholders covered by the pooling and servicing agreement or servicing agreement, as applicable, unless the securityholders have offered to the trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred.

Indenture

An event of default under the indenture for each series of notes, in most cases, will include:

 

   

default for five days or more in the distribution of any principal of or interest on any note of the series;

 

   

failure to perform any other covenant of the depositor or the trust in the indenture which continues for a period of thirty days after notice of that failure is given in accordance with the procedures described in the accompanying prospectus supplement;

 

   

any representation or warranty made by the depositor or the trust in the indenture or in any certificate or other writing delivered under or in connection with the indenture relating to or affecting the series, having been incorrect in a material respect as of the time made, and the breach is not cured within thirty days after notice of that error is given in accordance with the procedures described in the accompanying prospectus supplement;

 

   

certain bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar events relating to the depositor or the trust; and

 

   

any other event of default provided for securities of that series.

 

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If an event of default as to the notes of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, either the trustee, the credit enhancer, if applicable, or the holders of a majority of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the notes of the series with the written consent of the credit enhancer may declare the principal amount, or, if the notes of that series are accrual notes, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series, of all the notes of the series to be due and payable immediately. That declaration may, under some circumstances, be rescinded and annulled by the holders of a majority in aggregate outstanding amount of the related notes.

If, following an event of default for any series of notes, the notes of the series have been declared to be due and payable, the trustee may, in its discretion, or, if directed in writing by the credit enhancer, will, regardless of that acceleration, elect to maintain possession of the collateral securing the notes of that series and to continue to apply payments on that collateral as if there had been no declaration of acceleration if that collateral continues to provide sufficient funds for the payment of principal of and interest on the notes of the series as they would have become due if there had not been a declaration. In addition, the trustee may not sell or otherwise liquidate the collateral securing the notes of a series following an event of default, unless:

 

   

the holders of 100% of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the notes of the series consent to that sale,

 

   

the proceeds of the sale or liquidation are sufficient to pay in full the principal of and accrued interest, due and unpaid, on the outstanding notes of the series, and to reimburse the credit enhancer, if applicable, at the date of that sale, or

 

   

the trustee determines that the collateral would not be sufficient on an ongoing basis to make all payments on those notes as those payments would have become due if those notes had not been declared due and payable, and the trustee obtains the consent of the holders of 66 2/3% of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the notes of the series and the credit enhancer, if applicable.

In the event that the trustee liquidates the collateral in connection with an event of default, the indenture provides that the trustee will have a prior lien on the proceeds of that liquidation for unpaid fees and expenses. As a result, on the occurrence of that event of default, the amount available for payments to the securityholders would be less than would otherwise be the case. However, the trustee may not institute a proceeding for the enforcement of its lien except in connection with a proceeding for the enforcement of the lien of the indenture for the benefit of the securityholders after the occurrence of an event of default.

If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, in the event the principal of the notes of a series is declared due and payable, as described in the second preceding paragraph, the holders of any notes issued at a discount from par may be entitled to receive no more than an amount equal to the unpaid principal amount of those notes less the amount of the discount that is unamortized.

In most cases, no securityholder will have any right under an indenture to institute any proceeding in connection with the agreement unless:

 

   

the holder previously has given to the trustee written notice of default and the continuance of that default,

 

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the holders of securities of any class evidencing not less than 25% of the aggregate percentage interests constituting the class (1) have made written request upon the trustee to institute that proceeding in its own name as trustee and (2) have offered to the trustee reasonable indemnity,

 

   

the trustee has neglected or refused to institute that proceeding for 60 days after receipt of that request and indemnity, and

 

   

no direction inconsistent with that written request has been given to the trustee during that 60 day period by the holders of a majority of the security balances of that class.

If a series of securities includes credit enhancement provided by a third party credit enhancer, certain of the foregoing rights may be provided to the credit enhancer rather than the securityholders, if so specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

However, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by the applicable agreement or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation under the pooling and servicing agreement or in relation to the pooling and servicing agreement at the request, order or direction of any of the securityholders covered by the agreement, unless the securityholders have offered to the trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred in or by exercise of that power. The master servicer is required to reimburse the trustee for all reasonable expenses incurred or made by the trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of the indenture, except any such expenses as may arise from the indenture trustee’s negligence or bad faith.

Amendment

In most cases, each agreement may be amended by the parties to the agreement, without the consent of the related securityholders:

 

   

to cure any ambiguity;

 

   

to correct or supplement any provision therein which may be inconsistent with any other provision therein or to correct any error;

 

   

to change the timing and/or nature of deposits in the Custodial Account or the Payment Account or to change the name in which the Custodial Account is maintained, except that (a) deposits to the Payment Account may not occur later than the related distribution date, (b) the change may not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any securityholder, as evidenced by an opinion of counsel, and (c) the change may not adversely affect the then-current rating of any rated classes of securities, as evidenced by a letter from each applicable rating agency;

 

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if an election to treat the related trust as a “real estate mortgage investment conduit,” or REMIC, has been made, to modify, eliminate or add to any of its provisions (a) to the extent necessary to maintain the qualification of the trust as a REMIC or to avoid or minimize the risk of imposition of any tax on the related trust, provided that the trustee has received an opinion of counsel to the effect that (1) the action is necessary or desirable to maintain qualification or to avoid or minimize that risk, and (2) the action will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any related securityholder, or (b) to modify the provisions regarding the transferability of the REMIC Residual Securities, provided that the depositor has determined that the change would not adversely affect the applicable ratings of any classes of the certificates, as evidenced by a letter from each applicable rating agency, and that any such amendment will not give rise to any tax for the transfer of the REMIC Residual Securities to a non-permitted transferee;

 

   

to make any other provisions for matters or questions arising under the related agreement which are not materially inconsistent with its provisions, so long as the action will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any securityholder; or

 

   

to amend any provision that is not material to holders of any class of related securities.

In most cases, each agreement may also be amended by the parties to the agreement with the consent of the holders of securities of each class affected thereby evidencing not less than 66%, in the case of a series of securities issued under a pooling and servicing agreement, or a majority, in the case of a series of securities issued under an indenture, of the aggregate percentage interests constituting the outstanding principal amount of securities of that class for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of the related agreement or of modifying in any manner the rights of the related securityholders, except that no such amendment may (i) reduce in any manner the amount of, or delay the timing of, payments received on trust assets which are required to be distributed on a security of any class without the consent of the holder of the security, (ii) adversely affect in any material respect the interests of the holders of any class of securities in a manner other than as described in the preceding clause, without the consent of the holders of securities of that class evidencing not less than 66%, in the case of a series of securities issued under a pooling and servicing agreement, or a majority, in the case of a series of securities issued under an indenture, of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the securities of each class of that series affected by that amendment or (iii) reduce the percentage of securities of any class the holders of which are required to consent to any such amendment unless the holders of all securities of that class have consented to the change in the percentage. Furthermore, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe any rights a third party credit enhancer may have with respect to amendments to the agreements.

Regardless of the foregoing, if a REMIC election has been made with respect to the related trust, the trustee will not be entitled to consent to any amendment to a pooling and servicing agreement without having first received an opinion of counsel to the effect that the amendment or the exercise of any power granted to the master servicer, the servicer, the depositor or the trustee in accordance with the amendment will not result in the imposition of a tax on the related trust or cause the trust to fail to qualify as a REMIC.

 

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Termination; Retirement of Securities

The primary obligations created by the trust agreement or pooling and servicing agreement for each series of securities, other than some limited payment and notice obligations of the applicable trustee and depositor, will terminate on the distribution to the related securityholders of all amounts held in the Payment Account or by the entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and required to be paid to the securityholders following the earlier of:

 

   

the final payment or other liquidation or disposition or any related Advance of the last trust asset subject to that agreement and all property acquired on foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure of any loan, and

 

   

the purchase by the entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement from the trust, or from the special purpose entity, if applicable for that series, of all remaining loans and all property acquired relating to the loans.

Any option to purchase described in the second item above will be limited to cases in which the aggregate Stated Principal Balance of the remaining trust assets is less than or equal to ten percent (10%) of the initial aggregate Stated Principal Balance of the trust assets or such other time as may be specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. If the holder of a class of securities may terminate the trust and cause the outstanding securities to be redeemed when 25% or more of the initial principal balance of the securities is still outstanding, the term “callable” will be included in the title of the related securities. In addition to the foregoing, the entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement may have the option to purchase, in whole but not in part, the securities specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement in the manner described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Following the purchase of such securities, the entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement will effect a retirement of the securities and the termination of the trust. Written notice of termination of the related agreement will be given to each securityholder, and the final distribution will be made only at the time of the surrender and cancellation of the securities at an office or agency appointed by the trustee which will be specified in the notice of termination.

Any purchase of loans and property acquired from the loans evidenced by a series of securities shall be made at the option of the entity specified in the related prospectus supplement at the price specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Such entity, if not Residential Funding Company, LLC or an affiliate, shall be deemed to represent that one of the following will be true and correct: (i) the exercise of such option shall not result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code or (ii) such entity is (A) not a party in interest with respect to any ERISA plan (other than a plan sponsored or maintained by the entity, provided that no assets of such plan are invested or deemed to be invested in the certificates) and (B) not a “benefit plan investor” as defined in “ERISA Considerations – Plan Asset Regulations”. The exercise of that right will effect early retirement of the securities of that series, but the right of any entity to purchase the loans and related property will be subject to the criteria, and will be at the price, set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Early termination in this manner may adversely affect the yield to holders of some classes of the securities. If a REMIC election has been made, the termination of the related trust will be effected in a manner consistent with applicable federal income tax regulations and its status as a REMIC.

 

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In addition to the optional repurchase of the property in the related trust, if stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a holder of the Call Class will have the right, solely at its discretion, to terminate the related trust and thereby effect early retirement of the securities of the series, on any distribution date after the 12th distribution date following the date of initial issuance of the related series of securities and until the date when the optional termination rights of the entity specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement become exercisable. The Call Class will not be offered under the prospectus supplement. Any such call will be of the entire trust at one time; multiple calls for any series of securities will not be permitted. In the case of a call, the holders of the securities will be paid a price equal to the Call Price. To exercise the call, the holder of the Call Security must remit to the related trustee for distribution to the securityholders, funds equal to the Call Price. If those funds are not deposited with the related trustee, the securities of that series will remain outstanding. In addition, in the case of a trust for which a REMIC election or elections have been made, this termination will be effected in a manner consistent with applicable Federal income tax regulations and its status as a REMIC. In connection with a call by the holder of a Call Security, the final payment to the securityholders will be made at the time of surrender of the related securities to the trustee. Once the securities have been surrendered and paid in full, there will not be any further liability to securityholders.

The indenture will be discharged as to a series of notes, except for some continuing rights specified in the indenture, at the time of the distribution to noteholders of all amounts required to be distributed under the indenture.

The Trustee

The trustee under each pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement under which a series of securities is issued will be named in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The commercial bank or trust company serving as trustee may have normal banking relationships with the depositor and/or its affiliates, including Residential Funding Company, LLC and GMAC Mortgage, LLC.

The trustee may resign at any time, in which event the depositor will be obligated to appoint a successor trustee. The depositor may also remove the trustee if the trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as trustee under the related agreement or if the trustee becomes insolvent. After becoming aware of those circumstances, the depositor will be obligated to appoint a successor trustee. The trustee may also be removed at any time by the holders of securities evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate voting rights in the related trust. Any resignation or removal of the trustee and appointment of a successor trustee will not become effective until acceptance of the appointment by the successor trustee.

The Owner Trustee

The owner trustee under each trust agreement will be named in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The commercial bank or trust company serving as owner trustee may have normal banking relationships with the depositor and/or its affiliates, including Residential Funding Company, LLC and GMAC Mortgage, LLC.

 

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The owner trustee may resign at any time, in which case the Administrator or the indenture trustee will be obligated to appoint a successor owner trustee as described in the agreements. The Administrator or the indenture trustee may also remove the owner trustee if the owner trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as owner trustee under the trust agreement or if the owner trustee becomes insolvent. After becoming aware of those circumstances, the Administrator or the indenture trustee will be obligated to appoint a successor owner trustee. Any resignation or removal of the owner trustee and appointment of a successor owner trustee will not become effective until acceptance of the appointment by the successor owner trustee.

The Indenture Trustee

The indenture trustee under the indenture will be named in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The commercial bank or trust company serving as indenture trustee may have normal banking relationships with the depositor and/or its affiliates, including Residential Funding Company, LLC and GMAC Mortgage, LLC.

The indenture trustee may resign at any time, in which case the depositor, the owner trustee or the Administrator will be obligated to appoint a successor indenture trustee as described in the indenture. The depositor, the owner trustee or the Administrator as described in the indenture may also remove the indenture trustee if the indenture trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as such under the indenture or if the indenture trustee becomes insolvent. After becoming aware of those circumstances, the depositor, the owner trustee or the Administrator will be obligated to appoint a successor indenture trustee. If stated in the indenture, the indenture trustee may also be removed at any time by the holders of a majority by principal balance of the notes. Any resignation or removal of the indenture trustee and appointment of a successor indenture trustee will not become effective until acceptance of the appointment by the successor indenture trustee.

YIELD CONSIDERATIONS

The yield to maturity of a security will depend on the price paid by the holder for the security, the pass-through rate on any security entitled to payments of interest, which pass-through rate may vary if stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, and the rate and timing of principal payments on the loans, including payments in excess of required installments, prepayments or terminations, liquidations and repurchases, the rate and timing of Draws in the case of revolving credit loans, and the allocation of principal payments to reduce the principal balance of the security or notional amount thereof, if applicable.

In general, defaults on loans are expected to occur with greater frequency in their early years. The rate of default on cash out refinance, limited documentation or no documentation mortgage loans, and on loans with high LTV ratios or combined LTV ratios, as applicable, may be higher than for other types of loans. Likewise, the rate of default on loans that have been originated under lower than traditional underwriting standards may be higher than those originated under traditional standards. A trust may include loans that are one month or more delinquent at the time of offering of the related series of securities or which have recently been several months delinquent. The rate of default on delinquent loans or loans with a recent history of delinquency is more likely to be higher than the rate of default on loans that have a current payment status. The rate of default on mortgage loans secured by unimproved land may be greater than that of mortgage loans secured

 

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by residential properties and the amount of the loss may be greater because the market for unimproved land may be limited. In addition, the rate and timing of prepayments, defaults and liquidations on the loans will be affected by the general economic condition of the region of the country or the locality in which the related mortgaged properties are located. The risk of delinquencies and loss is greater and prepayments are less likely in regions where a weak or deteriorating economy exists, as may be evidenced by, among other factors, increasing unemployment or falling property values. The risk of loss may also be greater on loans with LTV ratios or combined LTV ratios greater than 80% and no primary insurance policies. The yield on any class of securities and the timing of principal payments on that class may also be affected by modifications or actions that may be taken or approved by the master servicer, the servicer or any of their affiliates as described in this prospectus under “Description of the Securities—Servicing and Administration of Loans,” in connection with a loan that is in default, or if a default is reasonably foreseeable.

The risk of loss on Interest Only Loans may be greater than on loans that require a borrower to pay principal and interest throughout the term of the loan from origination. See “Characteristics of the Loans—Interest Only Loans.”

The risk of loss on loans made on loans secured by mortgaged properties located in Puerto Rico may be greater than on loans that are made to borrowers who are United States residents and citizens or that are secured by properties located in the United States. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans.”

Because of the uncertainty, delays and costs that may be associated with realizing on collateral securing the Mexico Loans, as well as the additional risks of a decline in the value and marketability of the collateral, the risk of loss for Mexico Loans may be greater than for mortgage loans secured by mortgaged properties located in the United States. The risk of loss on loans made to international borrowers may be greater than loans that are made to U.S. borrowers located in the United States. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans.”

The application of any withholding tax on payments made by borrowers of Mexico Loans residing outside of the United States may increase the risk of default because the borrower may have qualified for the loan on the basis of the lower mortgage payment, and may have difficulty making the increased payments required to cover the withholding tax payments. The application of withholding tax may increase the risk of loss because the applicable taxing authorities may be permitted to place a lien on the mortgaged property or effectively prevent the transfer of an interest in the mortgaged property until any delinquent withholding taxes have been paid.

To the extent that any document relating to a loan is not in the possession of the trustee, the deficiency may make it difficult or impossible to realize on the mortgaged property in the event of foreclosure, which will affect the timing and the amount of Liquidation Proceeds received by the trustee. See “Description of the Securities—Assignment of Loans.”

The amount of interest payments on trust assets distributed or accrued in the case of deferred interest on accrual securities, monthly to holders of a class of securities entitled to payments of interest will be calculated, or accrued in the case of deferred interest or accrual securities, on the basis of a fixed, adjustable or variable pass-through rate payable on the outstanding principal

 

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balance or notional amount of the security, or any combination of pass-through rates, calculated as described in this prospectus and in the accompanying prospectus supplement under “Description of the Securities—Distributions of Principal and Interest on the Securities.” Holders of strip securities or a class of securities having a pass-through rate that varies based on the weighted average loan rate of the underlying loans will be affected by disproportionate prepayments and repurchases of loans having higher net interest rates or higher rates applicable to the strip securities, as applicable.

The effective yield to maturity to each holder of securities entitled to payments of interest will be below that otherwise produced by the applicable pass-through rate and purchase price of the security because, while interest will accrue on each loan from the first day of each month, the distribution of interest will be made on the 25th day or, if the 25th day is not a business day, the next succeeding business day, of the month following the month of accrual or, in the case of a trust including private securities, such other day that is specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

A class of securities may be entitled to payments of interest at a fixed, variable or adjustable pass-through rate, or any combination of pass-through rates, each as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. A variable pass-through rate may be calculated based on the weighted average of the Net Loan Rates of the related loan or certain balances thereof for the month preceding the distribution date. An adjustable pass-through rate may be calculated by reference to an index or otherwise.

The aggregate payments of interest on a class of securities, and the yield to maturity on that class, will be affected by the rate of payment of principal on the securities, or the rate of reduction in the notional amount of securities entitled to payments of interest only, and, in the case of securities evidencing interests in ARM loans, by changes in the Net Loan Rates on the ARM loans. See “Maturity and Prepayment Considerations” below. The yield on the securities will also be affected by liquidations of loans following borrower defaults, optional repurchases and by purchases of loans in the event of breaches of representations made for the loans by the depositor, the master servicer or the servicer and others, or conversions of ARM loans to a fixed interest rate. See “Description of the Securities—Representations With Respect to Loans.”

In most cases, if a security is purchased at a premium over its face amount and payments of principal on the related loan occur at a rate faster than anticipated at the time of purchase, the purchaser’s actual yield to maturity will be lower than that assumed at the time of purchase. On the other hand, if a class of securities is purchased at a discount from its face amount and payments of principal on the related loan occur at a rate slower than anticipated at the time of purchase, the purchaser’s actual yield to maturity will be lower than assumed at the time of purchase. The effect of Principal Prepayments, liquidations and purchases on yield will be particularly significant in the case of a class of securities entitled to payments of interest only or disproportionate payments of interest. In addition, the total return to investors of securities evidencing a right to distributions of interest at a rate that is based on the weighted average Net Loan Rate of the loans from time to time will be adversely affected by principal prepayments on loans with loan rates higher than the weighted average loan rate on the loans. In general, loans with higher loan rates prepay at a faster rate than loans with lower loan rates. In some circumstances, rapid prepayments may result in the failure of the holders to recoup their original investment. In addition, the yield to maturity on other types of classes of securities, including accrual securities, securities with a pass-through rate that

 

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fluctuates inversely with or at a multiple of an index or other classes in a series including more than one class of securities, may be relatively more sensitive to the rate of prepayment on the related loans than other classes of securities.

The outstanding principal balances of revolving credit loans, closed-end home equity loans, home improvement contracts and Home Loans are, in most cases, much smaller than traditional first lien mortgage loan balances, and the original terms to maturity of those loans and contracts are often shorter than those of traditional first lien mortgage loans. As a result, changes in interest rates will not affect the monthly payments on those loans or contracts to the same degree that changes in mortgage interest rates will affect the monthly payments on traditional first lien mortgage loans. Consequently, the effect of changes in prevailing interest rates on the prepayment rates on shorter-term, smaller balance loans and contracts may not be similar to the effects of those changes on traditional first lien mortgage loan prepayment rates, or those effects may be similar to the effects of those changes on mortgage loan prepayment rates, but to a smaller degree.

The timing of changes in the rate of principal payments on or repurchases of the loans may significantly affect an investor’s actual yield to maturity, even if the average rate of principal payments experienced over time is consistent with an investor’s expectation. In most cases, the earlier a prepayment of principal on the loans or a repurchase of loans, the greater will be the effect on an investor’s yield to maturity. As a result, the effect on an investor’s yield of principal payments and repurchases occurring at a rate higher or lower than the rate anticipated by the investor during the period immediately following the issuance of a series of securities would not be fully offset by a subsequent like reduction or increase in the rate of principal payments.

There can be no assurance as to the rate of principal payments or Draws on the revolving credit loans. For revolving credit loans, due to the unpredictable nature of both principal payments and Draws, the rates of principal payments net of Draws for those loans may be much more volatile than for typical first lien loans.

When a full prepayment is made on a loan, the borrower is charged interest on the principal amount of the loan so prepaid for the number of days in the month actually elapsed up to the date of the prepayment. Prepayments in full or final liquidations of loans in most cases may reduce the amount of interest distributed in the following month to holders of securities entitled to distributions of interest if the resulting Prepayment Interest Shortfall is not covered by Compensating Interest. See “Description of the Securities—Prepayment Interest Shortfalls.” A partial prepayment of principal is applied so as to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan, other than a revolving credit loan, as of the first day of the month in which the partial prepayment is received. As a result, the effect of a partial prepayment on a mortgage loan, other than a revolving credit loan, will be to reduce the amount of interest distributed to holders of securities in the month following the receipt of the partial prepayment by an amount equal to one month’s interest at the applicable pass-through rate or Net Loan Rate, as the case may be, on the prepaid amount if such shortfall is not covered by Compensating Interest. See “Description of the Securities—Prepayment Interest Shortfalls.” Neither full or partial Principal Prepayments nor Liquidation Proceeds will be distributed until the distribution date in the month following receipt. See “Maturity and Prepayment Considerations.”

 

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For some loans, including revolving credit loans and ARM loans, the loan rate at origination may be below the rate that would result from the sum of the applicable index and gross margin. Under the applicable underwriting standards, the borrower under each of the loans, other than a revolving credit loan, usually will be qualified on the basis of the loan rate in effect at origination, and borrowers under revolving credit loans are usually qualified based on an assumed payment which reflects a rate significantly lower than the maximum rate. The repayment of any such loan may thus be dependent on the ability of the borrower to make larger monthly payments following the adjustment of the loan rate. In addition, the periodic increase in the amount paid by the borrower of a Buy-Down Loan during or at the end of the applicable Buy-Down Period may create a greater financial burden for the borrower, who might not have otherwise qualified for a mortgage under the applicable underwriting guidelines, and may accordingly increase the risk of default for the related loan.

For any loans secured by junior liens on the related mortgaged property, any inability of the borrower to pay off the balance may also affect the ability of the borrower to obtain refinancing of any related senior loan, thereby preventing a potential improvement in the borrower’s circumstances. Furthermore, unless stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, under the applicable agreement the master servicer or the servicer may be restricted or prohibited from consenting to any refinancing of any related senior loan, which in turn could adversely affect the borrower’s circumstances or result in a prepayment or default under the corresponding loan.

The holder of a loan secured by a junior lien on the related mortgaged property will be subject to a loss of its mortgage if the holder of a senior mortgage is successful in foreclosure of its mortgage and its claim, including any related foreclosure costs, is not paid in full, since no junior liens or encumbrances survive such a foreclosure. Also, due to the priority of the senior mortgage, the holder of a loan secured by a junior lien on the related mortgaged property may not be able to control the timing, method or procedure of any foreclosure action relating to the mortgaged property. Investors should be aware that any liquidation, insurance or condemnation proceeds received relating to any loans secured by junior liens on the related mortgaged property will be available to satisfy the outstanding balance of such loans only to the extent that the claims of the holders of the senior mortgages have been satisfied in full, including any related foreclosure costs. For loans secured by junior liens that have low junior mortgage ratios, foreclosure costs may be substantial relative to the outstanding balance of the loan, and therefore the amount of any Liquidation Proceeds available to securityholders may be smaller as a percentage of the outstanding balance of the loan than would be the case in a typical pool of first lien residential loans. In addition, the holder of a loan secured by a junior lien on the related mortgaged property may only foreclose on the property securing the related loan subject to any senior mortgages, in which case the holder must either pay the entire amount due on the senior mortgages to the senior mortgagees at or prior to the foreclosure sale or undertake the obligation to make payments on the senior mortgages.

Depending upon the use of the revolving credit line and the payment patterns, during the repayment period, a borrower may be obligated to make payments that are higher than the borrower originally qualified for. Some of the revolving credit loans are not expected to significantly amortize prior to maturity. As a result, a borrower will, in these cases, be required to pay a substantial principal amount at the maturity of a revolving credit loan. Similarly, a borrower of a Balloon Loan will be required to pay the Balloon Amount at maturity. Those loans pose a greater

 

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risk of default than fully-amortizing loans, because the borrower’s ability to make such a substantial payment at maturity will in most cases depend on the borrower’s ability to obtain refinancing of those loans or to sell the mortgaged property prior to the maturity of the loan. The ability to obtain refinancing will depend on a number of factors prevailing at the time refinancing or sale is required, including, without limitation, the borrower’s personal economic circumstances, the borrower’s equity in the related mortgaged property, real estate values, prevailing market interest rates, tax laws and national and regional economic conditions. None of the seller, the depositor, Residential Funding Company, LLC, GMAC Mortgage Group, LLC or any of their affiliates will be obligated to refinance or repurchase any loan or to sell any mortgaged property, unless that obligation is specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The loan rates on ARM loans that are subject to negative amortization typically adjust monthly and their amortization schedules adjust less frequently. Because initial loan rates are typically lower than the sum of the indices applicable at origination and the related Note Margins, during a period of rising interest rates as well as immediately after origination, the amount of interest accruing on the principal balance of those loans may exceed the amount of the scheduled monthly payment. As a result, a portion of the accrued interest on negatively amortizing loans may become deferred interest which will be added to their principal balance and will bear interest at the applicable loan rate. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether revolving credit loans will be subject to negative amortization.

The addition of any deferred interest to the principal balance of any related class of securities will lengthen the weighted average life of that class of securities and may adversely affect yield to holders of those securities. In addition, for ARM loans that are subject to negative amortization, during a period of declining interest rates, it might be expected that each scheduled monthly payment on such a loan would exceed the amount of scheduled principal and accrued interest on its principal balance, and since the excess will be applied to reduce the principal balance of the related class or classes of securities, the weighted average life of those securities will be reduced and may adversely affect yield to holders thereof.

If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a trust may contain GPM Loans, GEM Loans or Buy-Down Loans that have monthly payments that increase during the first few years following origination. Borrowers in most cases will be qualified for such loans on the basis of the initial monthly payment. To the extent that the related borrower’s income does not increase at the same rate as the monthly payment, such a loan may be more likely to default than a mortgage loan with level monthly payments.

If credit enhancement for a series of securities is provided by a letter of credit, insurance policy or bond that is issued or guaranteed by an entity that suffers financial difficulty, such credit enhancement may not provide the level of support that was anticipated at the time an investor purchased its security. In the event of a default under the terms of a letter of credit, insurance policy or bond, any Realized Losses on the loans not covered by the credit enhancement will be applied to a series of securities in the manner described in the accompanying prospectus supplement and may reduce an investor’s anticipated yield to maturity.

 

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The accompanying prospectus supplement may set forth other factors concerning the loans securing a series of securities or the structure of such series that will affect the yield on the securities.

MATURITY AND PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS

As indicated above under “The Trusts,” the original terms to maturity of the loans in a given trust will vary depending on the type of loans included in the trust. The prospectus supplement for a series of securities will contain information for the types and maturities of the loans in the related trust. The prepayment experience, the timing and rate of repurchases and the timing and amount of liquidations for the related loans will affect the life and yield of the related series of securities.

If the related agreement for a series of securities provides for a Funding Account or other means of funding the transfer of additional loans to the related trust, as described under “Description of the Securities—Funding Account,” and the trust is unable to acquire any additional loans within any applicable time limit, the amounts set aside for such purpose may be applied as principal distributions on one or more classes of securities of such series.

Prepayments on loans are commonly measured relative to a prepayment standard or model. The prospectus supplement for each series of securities may describe one or more prepayment standard or model and may contain tables setting forth the projected yields to maturity on each class of securities or the weighted average life of each class of securities and the percentage of the original principal amount of each class of securities of that series that would be outstanding on specified payment dates for the series based on the assumptions stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, including assumptions that prepayments on the loans are made at rates corresponding to various percentages of the prepayment standard or model. There is no assurance that prepayment of the loans underlying a series of securities will conform to any level of the prepayment standard or model specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The following is a list of factors that may affect prepayment experience:

 

   

homeowner mobility;

 

   

economic conditions;

 

   

changes in borrowers’ housing needs;

 

   

job transfers;

 

   

unemployment;

 

   

borrowers’ equity in the properties securing the mortgages;

 

   

servicing decisions;

 

   

enforceability of due-on-sale clauses;

 

   

mortgage market interest rates;

 

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mortgage recording taxes;

 

   

solicitations and the availability of mortgage funds; and

 

   

the obtaining of secondary financing by the borrower.

All statistics known to the depositor that have been compiled for prepayment experience on loans indicate that while some loans may remain outstanding until their stated maturities, a substantial number will be paid significantly earlier than their respective stated maturities. The rate of prepayment for conventional fixed-rate loans has fluctuated significantly in recent years. In general, however, if prevailing interest rates fall significantly below the loan rates on the loans underlying a series of securities, the prepayment rate of such loans is likely to be significantly higher than if prevailing rates remain at or above the rates borne by those loans. Conversely, when prevailing interest rates increase, borrowers are less likely to prepay their loans. The depositor is not aware of any historical prepayment experience for loans secured by properties located in Mexico or Puerto Rico and, accordingly, prepayments on such loans may not occur at the same rate or be affected by the same factors as more traditional loans.

An increase in the amount of the monthly payments owed on a Mexico Loan due to the imposition of withholding taxes may increase the risk of prepayment on that loan if alternative financing on more favorable terms is available.

Risk of prepayment on Interest Only Loans may be greater because borrowers may decide to refinance before the expiration of the interest-only period. See “Characteristics of the Loans—Interest Only Loans.”

There can be no assurance as to the rate of principal payments or Draws on the revolving credit loans. In most cases, the revolving credit loans may be prepaid in full or in part without penalty. The closed-end home equity loans may provide for a prepayment charge. The prospectus supplement will specify whether loans may not be prepaid in full or in part without penalty. The depositor has no significant experience regarding the rate of Principal Prepayments on home improvement contracts, but in most cases expects that prepayments on home improvement contracts will be higher than other loans due to the possibility of increased property value resulting from the home improvement and greater refinance options. The rate of principal payments and the rate of Draws, if applicable, may fluctuate substantially from time to time. Home equity loans are not always viewed by borrowers as permanent financing. Accordingly, such loans may experience a higher rate of prepayment than typical first lien mortgage loans. Due to the unpredictable nature of both principal payments and Draws, the rates of principal payments net of Draws for revolving credit loans may be much more volatile than for typical first lien mortgage loans.

The yield to maturity of the securities of any series, or the rate and timing of principal payments or Draws, if applicable, on the related loans, may also be affected by a wide variety of specific terms and conditions applicable to the respective programs under which the loans were originated. For example, the revolving credit loans may provide for future Draws to be made only in specified minimum amounts, or alternatively may permit Draws to be made by check or through a credit card in any amount. A pool of revolving credit loans subject to the latter provisions may be likely to remain outstanding longer with a higher aggregate principal balance than a pool of

 

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revolving credit loans with the former provisions, because of the relative ease of making new Draws. Furthermore, the loans may provide for interest rate changes on a daily or monthly basis, or may have gross margins that may vary under some circumstances over the term of the loan. In extremely high market interest rate scenarios, securities backed by loans with adjustable rates subject to substantially higher maximum rates than typically apply to adjustable rate first mortgage loans may experience rates of default and liquidation substantially higher than those that have been experienced on other adjustable rate mortgage loan pools.

The yield to maturity of the securities of any series, or the rate and timing of principal payments on the loans or Draws on the related revolving credit loans and corresponding payments on the securities, will also be affected by the specific terms and conditions applicable to the securities. For example, if the index used to determine the loan rates for a series of securities is different from the index applicable to the loan rates of the underlying loans, the yield on the securities may be reduced by application of a cap on the loan rates based on the weighted average of the loan rates. Depending on applicable cash flow allocation provisions, changes in the relationship between the two indexes may also affect the timing of some principal payments on the securities, or may affect the amount of any overcollateralization, or the amount on deposit in any reserve fund, which could in turn accelerate the payment of principal on the securities if so provided in the prospectus supplement. For any series of securities backed by revolving credit loans, provisions governing whether future Draws on the revolving credit loans will be included in the trust will have a significant effect on the rate and timing of principal payments on the securities. The rate at which additional balances are generated may be affected by a variety of factors. The yield to maturity of the securities of any series, or the rate and timing of principal payments on the loans may also be affected by the risks associated with other loans.

As a result of the payment terms of the revolving credit loans or of the mortgage provisions relating to future Draws, there may be no principal payments on those securities in any given month. In addition, it is possible that the aggregate Draws on revolving credit loans included in a pool may exceed the aggregate payments of principal on those revolving credit loans for the related period. If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a series of securities may provide for a period during which all or a portion of the principal collections on the revolving credit loans are reinvested in additional balances or are accumulated in a trust account pending commencement of an amortization period relating to the securities.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether mortgage loans (other than ARM loans) and revolving credit loans will, and closed-end home equity loans and home improvement contracts may, contain due-on-sale provisions permitting the mortgagee to accelerate the maturity of the loan upon sale or some transfers by the borrower of the underlying mortgaged property. Unless the accompanying prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, the master servicer or servicer will enforce any due-on-sale clause to the extent it has knowledge of the conveyance or proposed conveyance of the underlying mortgaged property and it is entitled to do so under applicable law, provided, however, that the master servicer or servicer will not take any action in relation to the enforcement of any due-on-sale provision which would adversely affect or jeopardize coverage under any applicable insurance policy.

An ARM loan is assumable, in some circumstances, if the proposed transferee of the related mortgaged property establishes its ability to repay the loan and, in the reasonable judgment of the

 

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master servicer or the servicer, the security for the ARM loan would not be impaired by the assumption. The extent to which ARM loans are assumed by purchasers of the mortgaged properties rather than prepaid by the related borrowers in connection with the sales of the mortgaged properties will affect the weighted average life of the related series of securities. See “Description of the Securities—Servicing and Administration of Loans—Enforcement of ‘Due-on-Sale’ Clauses” and “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans—Enforceability of Certain Provisions” for a description of provisions of the related agreement and legal developments that may affect the prepayment rate of loans.

While most manufactured housing contracts will contain “due-on-sale” provisions permitting the holder of the manufactured housing contract to accelerate the maturity of the manufactured housing contract on conveyance by the borrower, the master servicer or servicer, as applicable, may permit proposed assumptions of manufactured housing contracts where the proposed buyer of the manufactured home meets the underwriting standards described above. Such assumption would have the effect of extending the average life of the manufactured housing contract.

In addition, some private securities included in a pool may be backed by underlying loans having differing interest rates. Accordingly, the rate at which principal payments are received on the related securities will, to some extent, depend on the interest rates on the underlying loans.

Some types of loans included in a trust may have characteristics that make it more likely to default than collateral provided for mortgage pass-through securities from other mortgage purchase programs. The depositor anticipates including “limited documentation” and “no documentation” mortgage loans, loans acquired under Residential Funding Company, LLC’s negotiated conduit asset program, Mexico Loans, loans secured by mortgaged properties located in Puerto Rico and mortgage loans that were made to international borrowers or that were originated in accordance with lower underwriting standards and which may have been made to borrowers with imperfect credit histories and prior bankruptcies. Likewise, a trust may include loans that are one month or more delinquent at the time of offering of the related series of securities or are secured by junior liens on the related mortgaged property. Such loans may be susceptible to a greater risk of default and liquidation than might otherwise be expected by investors in the related securities.

The mortgage loans may in most cases be prepaid by the borrowers at any time without payment of any prepayment fee or penalty, although some of the mortgage loans as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement provide for payment of a prepayment charge. This may have an effect on the rate of prepayment. Some states’ laws restrict the imposition of prepayment charges even when the mortgage loans expressly provide for the collection of those charges. As a result, it is possible that prepayment charges may not be collected even on mortgage loans that provide for the payment of these charges.

The master servicer or the servicer may allow the refinancing of loans in any trust by accepting prepayments and permitting a new loan to the same borrower secured by a mortgage on the same property, which may be originated by the servicer or the master servicer or any of their respective affiliates or by an unrelated entity. In the event of a refinancing, the new loan would not be included in the related trust, so the refinancing would have the same effect as a prepayment in full of the related loan. A servicer or the master servicer may, from time to time, implement

 

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programs designed to encourage refinancing. These programs may include, without limitation, modifications of existing loans, general or targeted solicitations, the offering of preapproved applications, reduced origination fees or closing costs, reduced or no documentation or other financial incentives. Targeted solicitations may be based on a variety of factors, including the credit of the borrower, the location of the mortgaged property, or the master servicer’s or servicer’s judgment as to the likelihood of refinancing. In addition, servicers or the master servicer may encourage assumption of loans, including defaulted loans, under which creditworthy borrowers assume the outstanding indebtedness of the loans, which may be removed from the related pool. As a result of these programs, for the pool underlying any trust:

 

   

the rate of Principal Prepayments of the loans in the pool may be higher than would otherwise be the case;

 

   

in some cases, the average credit or collateral quality of the loans remaining in the pool may decline; and

 

   

the weighted average interest rate on the loans that remain in the trust may be lower, thus reducing the rate of prepayments on the loans in the future.

Although the loan rates on revolving credit loans and ARM loans will be subject to periodic adjustments, the adjustments in most cases will:

 

   

as to ARM loans, not increase or decrease the loan rates by more than a fixed percentage amount on each adjustment date;

 

   

not increase the loan rates over a fixed percentage amount during the life of any revolving credit loan or ARM loan; and

 

   

be based on an index, which may not rise and fall consistently with mortgage interest rates, plus the related Gross Margin, which may be different from margins being used for newly originated adjustable rate loans.

As a result, the loan rates on the revolving credit loans or ARM loans in a trust at any time may not equal the prevailing rates for similar, newly originated adjustable rate loans or lines of credit, and accordingly the rate of principal payments and Draws, if applicable, may be lower or higher that would otherwise be anticipated. In some rate environments, the prevailing rates on fixed-rate loans may be sufficiently low in relation to the then-current loan rates on revolving credit loans or ARM loans that the rate of prepayment may increase as a result of refinancing. There can be no certainty as to the rate of prepayments or Draws, if applicable, on the loans during any period or over the life of any series of securities.

For any index used in determining the rate of interest applicable to any series of securities or loan rates of the underlying loans, there are a number of factors that affect the performance of those indices and may cause those indices to move in a manner different from other indices. If an index applicable to a series responds to changes in the general level of interest rates less quickly than other indices, in a period of rising interest rates, increases in the yield to securityholders due to those rising interest rates may occur later than that which would be produced by other indices, and

 

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in a period of declining rates, that index may remain higher than other market interest rates which may result in a higher level of prepayments of the loans, which adjust in accordance with that index, than of loans which adjust in accordance with other indices.

Mortgage loans made with respect to multifamily residential rental properties and Mixed-Use Properties may have provisions that prohibit prepayment entirely or for certain periods and/or require payment of premium or yield maintenance penalties, and may provide for payments of interest only during a certain period followed by amortization of principal on the basis of a schedule extending beyond the maturity of the related mortgage loan. Prepayments of such mortgage loans may be affected by these and other factors, including changes in interest rates and the relative tax benefits associated with ownership of multifamily property and Mixed-Use Property.

No assurance can be given that the value of the mortgaged property securing a loan has remained or will remain at the level existing on the date of origination. If the residential real estate market should experience an overall decline in property values such that the outstanding balances of the loans and any secondary financing on the mortgaged properties in a particular pool become equal to or greater than the value of the mortgaged properties, the actual rates of delinquencies, foreclosures and losses could be higher than those now generally experienced in the mortgage lending industry. The value of any Mexican property could also be adversely affected by, among other things, adverse political and economic developments in Mexico. In addition, the value of property securing Cooperative Loans and the delinquency rates for Cooperative Loans could be adversely affected if the current favorable tax treatment of cooperative tenant stockholders were to become less favorable. See “Certain Legal Aspects of the Loans.”

To the extent that losses resulting from delinquencies, losses and foreclosures or repossession of mortgaged property for loans included in a trust for a series of securities are not covered by the methods of credit enhancement described in this prospectus under “Description of Credit Enhancement” or in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the losses will be borne by holders of the securities of the related series. Even where credit enhancement covers all Realized Losses resulting from delinquency and foreclosure or repossession, the effect of foreclosures and repossessions may be to increase prepayment experience on the loans, thus reducing average weighted life and affecting yield to maturity. See “Yield Considerations.”

Under some circumstances, the master servicer or a servicer may have the option to purchase the loans in a trust. See “The Agreements—Termination; Retirement of Securities.” Any repurchase will shorten the weighted average lives of the related securities. Furthermore, as described under “The Agreements—Termination; Retirement of Securities,” a holder of the Call Class will have the right, solely at its discretion, to terminate the related trust and thereby effect early retirement of the securities of the series, on any distribution date after the 12th distribution date following the date of initial issuance of the related series of certificates and until the date when the optional termination rights of the master servicer or the servicer become exercisable. Any such termination will shorten the weighted average lives of the related securities.

CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE LOANS

The following discussion contains summaries of some legal aspects of the loans that are general in nature. Because these legal aspects are governed in part by state law, which laws may

 

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differ substantially from state to state, the summaries do not purport to be complete, to reflect the laws of any particular state or to encompass the laws of all states in which the mortgaged properties may be situated. These legal aspects are in addition to the requirements of any applicable FHA Regulations described in the accompanying prospectus supplement regarding home improvement contracts partially insured by the FHA under Title I. The summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the applicable federal and state laws governing the loans.

The Mortgage Loans

General

The loans, other than Cooperative Loans, Mexico Loans and contracts, will be secured by deeds of trust, mortgages or deeds to secure debt depending on the prevailing practice in the state in which the related mortgaged property is located. In some states, a mortgage, deed of trust or deed to secure debt creates a lien on the related real property. In other states, the mortgage, deed of trust or deed to secure debt conveys legal title to the property to the mortgagee subject to a condition subsequent, for example, the payment of the indebtedness secured thereby. These instruments are not prior to the lien for real estate taxes and assessments and other charges imposed under governmental police powers. Priority with respect to these instruments depends on their terms and in some cases on the terms of separate subordination or inter-creditor agreements, and in most cases on the order of recordation of the mortgage deed of trust or deed to secure debt in the appropriate recording office.

There are two parties to a mortgage, the mortgagor, who is the borrower and homeowner, and the mortgagee, who is the lender. Under the mortgage instrument, the mortgagor delivers to the mortgagee a note or bond and the mortgage. In some states, three parties may be involved in a mortgage financing when title to the property is held by a land trustee under a land trust agreement of which the borrower is the beneficiary; at origination of a mortgage loan, the land trustee, as fee owner of the property, executes the mortgage and the borrower executes a separate undertaking to make payments on the mortgage note. Although a deed of trust is similar to a mortgage, a deed of trust has three parties: the grantor, who is the borrower/homeowner; the beneficiary, who is the lender; and a third-party grantee called the trustee. Under a deed of trust, the borrower grants the mortgaged property to the trustee, irrevocably until satisfaction of the debt. A deed to secure debt typically has two parties, under which the borrower, or grantor, conveys title to the real property to the grantee, or lender, typically with a power of sale, until the time when the debt is repaid. The trustee’s authority under a deed of trust and the mortgagee’s or grantee’s authority under a mortgage or a deed to secure debt, as applicable, are governed by the law of the state in which the real property is located, the express provisions of the deed of trust, mortgage or deed to secure debt and, in some deed of trust transactions, the directions of the beneficiary.

Leases and Rents

Mortgages that encumber income-producing multifamily properties often contain an assignment of rents and leases, pursuant to which the borrower assigns to the lender the borrower’s right, title and interest as landlord under each lease and the income derived therefrom, while, unless rents are to be paid directly to the lender, retaining a revocable license to collect the rents for so long as there is no default. If the borrower defaults, the license terminates and the lender is entitled to collect the rents. Local law may require that the lender take possession of the property and/or obtain a court-appointed receiver before becoming entitled to collect the rents.

 

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Cooperative Loans

If specified in the prospectus supplement relating to a series of securities, the loans may include Cooperative Loans. In general, all Cooperative buildings relating to the Cooperative Loans are located in the State of New York. Each Cooperative Note evidencing a Cooperative Loan will be secured by a security interest in shares issued by the Cooperative that owns the related apartment building, which is a corporation entitled to be treated as a housing cooperative under federal tax law, and in the related proprietary lease or occupancy agreement granting exclusive rights to occupy a specific dwelling unit in the Cooperative’s building. The security agreement will create a lien on, or grant a security interest in, the Cooperative shares and proprietary leases or occupancy agreements, the priority of which will depend on, among other things, the terms of the particular security agreement as well as the order of recordation of the agreement, or the filing of the financing statements related thereto, in the appropriate recording office or the taking of possession of the Cooperative shares, depending on the law of the state in which the Cooperative is located. This type of lien or security interest is not, in general, prior to liens in favor of the cooperative corporation for unpaid assessments or common charges, nor is it prior to the lien for real estate taxes and assessments and other charges imposed under governmental police powers.

In most cases, each Cooperative owns in fee or has a leasehold interest in all the real property and owns in fee or leases the building and all separate dwelling units therein. The Cooperative is directly responsible for property management and, in most cases, payment of real estate taxes, other governmental impositions and hazard and liability insurance. If there is an underlying mortgage or mortgages on the Cooperative’s building or underlying land, as is typically the case, or an underlying lease of the land, as is the case in some instances, the Cooperative, as mortgagor or lessee, as the case may be, is also responsible for fulfilling the mortgage or rental obligations.

An underlying mortgage loan is ordinarily obtained by the Cooperative in connection with either the construction or purchase of the Cooperative’s building or the obtaining of capital by the Cooperative. The interest of the occupant under proprietary leases or occupancy agreements as to which that Cooperative is the landlord is usually subordinate to the interest of the holder of an underlying mortgage and to the interest of the holder of a land lease. If the Cooperative is unable to meet the payment obligations (i) arising under an underlying mortgage, the mortgagee holding an underlying mortgage could foreclose on that mortgage and terminate all subordinate proprietary leases and occupancy agreements or (ii) arising under its land lease, the holder of the landlord’s interest under the land lease could terminate it and all subordinate proprietary leases and occupancy agreements. In addition, an underlying mortgage on a Cooperative may provide financing in the form of a mortgage that does not fully amortize, with a significant portion of principal being due in one final payment at maturity. The inability of the Cooperative to refinance a mortgage and its consequent inability to make the final payment could lead to foreclosure by the mortgagee. Similarly, a land lease has an expiration date and the inability of the Cooperative to extend its term or, in the alternative, to purchase the land, could lead to termination of the Cooperative’s interest in the property and termination of all proprietary leases and occupancy agreements. In either event, a foreclosure by the holder of an underlying mortgage or the termination of the underlying lease could

 

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eliminate or significantly diminish the value of any collateral held by the lender who financed the purchase by an individual tenant-stockholder of shares of the Cooperative, or in the case of the loans, the collateral securing the Cooperative Loans.

Each Cooperative is owned by shareholders, referred to as tenant-stockholders, who, through ownership of stock or shares in the Cooperative, receive proprietary leases or occupancy agreements which confer exclusive rights to occupy specific dwellings. In most instances, a tenant-stockholder of a Cooperative must make a monthly maintenance payment to the Cooperative under the proprietary lease, which rental payment represents the tenant-stockholder’s pro rata share of the Cooperative’s payments for its underlying mortgage, real property taxes, maintenance expenses and other capital or ordinary expenses. An ownership interest in a Cooperative and accompanying occupancy rights may be financed through a Cooperative Loan evidenced by a Cooperative Note and secured by an assignment of and a security interest in the occupancy agreement or proprietary lease and a security interest in the related shares of the related Cooperative. The lender usually takes possession of the stock certificate and a counterpart of the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and a financing statement covering the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and the Cooperative shares is filed in the appropriate state or local offices to perfect the lender’s interest in its collateral. In accordance with the limitations discussed below, on default of the tenant-stockholder, the lender may sue for judgment on the Cooperative Note, dispose of the collateral at a public or private sale or otherwise proceed against the collateral or tenant-stockholder as an individual as provided in the security agreement covering the assignment of the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and the pledge of Cooperative shares. See “—Foreclosure on Shares of Cooperatives” below.

Tax Aspects of Cooperative Ownership

In general, a “tenant-stockholder,” as defined in Section 216(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code, of a corporation that qualifies as a “cooperative housing corporation” within the meaning of Section 216(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code is allowed a deduction for amounts paid or accrued within his or her taxable year to the corporation representing his or her proportionate share of certain interest expenses and real estate taxes allowable as a deduction under Section 216(a) of the Internal Revenue Code to the corporation under Sections 163 and 164 of the Internal Revenue Code. In order for a corporation to qualify under Section 216(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code for its taxable year in which those items are allowable as a deduction to the corporation, the section requires, among other things, that at least 80% of the gross income of the corporation be derived from its tenant-stockholders. By virtue of this requirement, the status of a corporation for purposes of Section 216(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code must be determined on a year-to-year basis. Consequently, there can be no assurance that Cooperatives relating to the Cooperative Loans will qualify under this section for any particular year. If a Cooperative fails to qualify for one or more years, the value of the collateral securing any related Cooperative Loans could be significantly impaired because no deduction would be allowable to tenant-stockholders under Section 216(a) of the Internal Revenue Code with respect to those years. In view of the significance of the tax benefits accorded tenant-stockholders of a corporation that qualifies under Section 216(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, the likelihood that this type of failure would be permitted to continue over a period of years appears remote.

 

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Mexico Loans

If specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the mortgage loans may include Mexico Loans. See “The Trusts—Mexico Loans” for a description of the security for the Mexico Loans.

Foreclosure on Mortgage Loans

Although a deed of trust or a deed to secure debt may also be foreclosed by judicial action, foreclosure of a deed of trust or a deed to secure debt is typically accomplished by a non-judicial sale under a specific provision in the deed of trust or deed to secure debt which authorizes the trustee or grantee, as applicable, to sell the property on default by the borrower under the terms of the note or deed of trust or deed to secure debt. In addition to any notice requirements contained in a deed of trust or deed to secure debt, in some states, the trustee or grantee, as applicable, must record a notice of default and send a copy to the borrower and to any person who has recorded a request for a copy of notice of default and notice of sale. In addition, in some states, the trustee or grantee, as applicable, must provide notice to any other individual having an interest of record in the real property, including any junior lienholders. If the deed of trust or deed to secure debt is not reinstated within a specified period, a notice of sale must be posted in a public place and, in most states, published for a specific period of time in one or more newspapers. In addition, some states’ laws require that a copy of the notice of sale be posted on the property and sent to all parties having an interest of record in the real property.

In some states, the borrower has the right to reinstate the loan at any time following default until shortly before the trustee’s sale. In most cases, in those states, the borrower, or any other person having a junior encumbrance on the real estate, may, during a reinstatement period, cure the default by paying the entire amount in arrears plus the costs and expenses incurred in enforcing the obligation.

An action to foreclose a mortgage is an action to recover the mortgage debt by enforcing the mortgagee’s rights under the mortgage and in the mortgaged property and compelling a sale of the mortgaged property to satisfy the debt. It is regulated by statutes and rules, and in most cases a borrower is bound by the terms of the mortgage note and the mortgage as made and cannot be relieved from its own default. However, a court may exercise equitable powers to relieve a borrower of a default and deny the mortgagee foreclosure. Under various circumstances a court of equity may relieve the borrower from a non-monetary default where that default was not willful or where a monetary default, such as failure to pay real estate taxes, can be cured before completion of the foreclosure and there is no substantial prejudice to the mortgagee.

Foreclosure of a mortgage usually is accomplished by judicial action. In most cases, the action is initiated by the service of legal pleadings on all parties having an interest of record in the real property. Delays in completion of the foreclosure may result from difficulties in locating and serving necessary parties, including borrowers, such as international borrowers, located outside the jurisdiction in which the mortgaged property is located. Difficulties in foreclosing on mortgaged properties owned by international borrowers may result in increased foreclosure costs, which may reduce the amount of proceeds from the liquidation of the related loan available to be distributed to the securityholders of the related series. In addition, delays in completion of the foreclosure and

 

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additional losses may result where loan documents relating to the loan are missing. If the mortgagee’s right to foreclose is contested, the legal proceedings necessary to resolve the issue can be time-consuming.

In the case of foreclosure under a mortgage, a deed of trust or deed to secure debt, the sale by the referee or other designated officer or by the trustee or grantee, as applicable, is a public sale. However, because of the difficulty a potential buyer at the sale may have in determining the exact status of title and because the physical condition of the property may have deteriorated during the foreclosure proceedings, it is uncommon for a third party to purchase the property at a foreclosure sale. Rather, it is common for the lender to purchase the property from the trustee or grantee, as applicable, or referee for a credit bid less than or equal to the unpaid principal amount of the loan, accrued and unpaid interest and the expense of foreclosure, in which case the mortgagor’s debt will be extinguished unless the lender purchases the property for a lesser amount and preserves its right against a borrower to seek a deficiency judgment and the remedy is available under state law and the related loan documents. In some states, there is a statutory minimum purchase price that the lender may offer for the property and in most cases, state law controls the amount of foreclosure costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, which may be recovered by a lender. Thereafter, subject to the right of the borrower in some states to remain in possession during the redemption period, the lender will assume the burdens of ownership, including obtaining hazard insurance, paying taxes and making repairs at its own expense that are necessary to render the property suitable for sale. In most cases, the lender will obtain the services of a real estate broker and pay the broker’s commission in connection with the sale of the property. Depending on market conditions, the ultimate proceeds of the sale of the property may not equal the lender’s investment in the property and, in some states, the lender may be entitled to a deficiency judgment. In some cases, a deficiency judgment may be pursued in lieu of foreclosure. Any loss may be reduced by the receipt of any mortgage insurance proceeds or other forms of credit enhancement for a series of securities. See “Description of Credit Enhancement.”

Foreclosure on Junior Mortgage Loans

If a senior mortgage goes into default, the junior mortgagee is at risk of losing its lien on the mortgaged property by a foreclosure of the senior lien. To protect against this loss the junior mortgagee must either pay the entire amount due on the senior mortgages to the senior mortgagees prior to or at the time of the foreclosure sale or undertake the obligation to make payments on the senior mortgages if the mortgagor is in default thereunder, in either event adding the amounts expended to the balance due on the junior loan. In addition, if the foreclosure by a junior mortgagee triggers the enforcement of a “due-on-sale” clause in a senior mortgage, the junior mortgagee may be required to pay the full amount of the senior mortgages to the senior mortgagees, to avoid a default with respect thereto. Accordingly, if the junior lender purchases the property, the lender’s title will be subject to all senior liens and claims and certain governmental liens. The same is true for any third-party purchaser, thus reducing the value the junior mortgagee can realize at the foreclosure sale. The proceeds received by the referee or trustee from the sale are applied first to the costs, fees and expenses of sale and then in satisfaction of the indebtedness secured by the mortgage or deed of trust that is being foreclosed. Any remaining proceeds are typically payable to the holders of junior mortgages or deeds of trust and other liens and claims in order of their priority, whether or not the borrower is in default. Any additional proceeds are usually payable to the mortgagor or trustor. The payment of the proceeds to the holders of junior mortgages may occur in

 

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the foreclosure action of the senior mortgagee or may require the institution of separate legal proceedings. See “Description of the Certificates — Realization Upon Defaulted Mortgage Loans or Contracts.”

In addition, if proceeds from a foreclosure or similar sale of the mortgaged property are insufficient to satisfy all senior liens and the junior loan in the aggregate, the trust as the holder of the junior lien and, accordingly, holders of one or more classes of related securities bear (1) the risk of delay in distributions while a deficiency judgment against the borrower is obtained and (2) the risk of loss if the deficiency judgment is not realized upon. Moreover, deficiency judgments may not be available in some jurisdictions. In addition, liquidation expenses with respect to defaulted junior loans do not vary directly with the outstanding principal balance of the loans at the time of default. Therefore, assuming that the master servicer or servicer took the same steps in realizing upon a defaulted junior loan having a small remaining principal balance as it would in the case of a defaulted junior loan having a large remaining principal balance, the amount realized after expenses of liquidation would be smaller as a percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the small junior loan than would be the case with the defaulted junior loan having a large remaining principal balance.

The purposes of a foreclosure action are to enable the mortgagee to realize on its security and to bar the borrower, and all persons who have an interest in the property which is subordinate to the foreclosing mortgagee, from their “equity of redemption.” The doctrine of equity of redemption provides that, until the property covered by a mortgage has been sold in accordance with a properly conducted foreclosure and foreclosure sale, those having an interest which is subordinate to that of the foreclosing mortgagee have an equity of redemption and may redeem the property by paying the entire debt with interest. In addition, in some states, when a foreclosure action has been commenced, the redeeming party must pay various costs of that action. Those having an equity of redemption must be made parties and duly summoned to the foreclosure action in order for their equity of redemption to be barred.

Foreclosure on Mexico Loans

Foreclosure on the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust typically is expected to be accomplished by public sale in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of the UCC and the security agreement relating to that beneficial interest or by public auction held by the Mexican trustee under the Mexico trust agreement. Article 9 of the UCC requires that a sale be conducted in a “commercially reasonable” manner. Whether a sale has been conducted in a “commercially reasonable” manner will depend on the facts in each case. In determining commercial reasonableness, a court will look to the notice given the debtor and the method, manner, time, place and terms of the sale and the sale price. In most cases, a sale conducted according to the usual practice of banks selling similar collateral in the same area will be considered reasonably conducted. Under the trust agreement, the lender may direct the Mexican trustee to transfer the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust to the purchaser on completion of the public sale and notice from the lender. That purchaser will be entitled to rely on the terms of the Mexico trust agreement to direct the Mexican trustee to transfer the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust into the name of the purchaser or its nominee, or the trust may be terminated and a new trust may be established.

 

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Article 9 of the UCC provides that the proceeds of the sale will be applied first to pay the costs and expenses of the sale and then to satisfy the indebtedness secured by the lender’s security interest. If there are proceeds remaining, the lender must account to the borrower for the surplus. On the other hand, if a portion of the indebtedness remains unpaid, the borrower is usually responsible for the deficiency. However, some states limit the rights of lenders to obtain deficiency judgments. See “—Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders” below. The costs of sale may be substantially higher than the costs associated with foreclosure sales for property located in the United States, and may include transfer taxes, notary public fees, trustee fees, capital gains and other taxes on the proceeds of sale, and the cost of amending or terminating the Mexico trust agreement and preparing a new trust agreement. Additional costs associated with realizing on the collateral may include eviction proceedings, the costs of defending actions brought by the defaulting borrower and enforcement actions. Any of the additional foreclosure costs may make the cost of foreclosing on the collateral uneconomical, which may increase the risk of loss on the Mexico Loans substantially.

Where the borrower does not maintain its principal residence in the United States, or, if a borrower residing in the United States moves its principal residence from the state in which the UCC financing statements have been filed, and the lender, because it has no knowledge of the relocation of the borrower or otherwise, fails to refile in the state to which the borrower has moved within four months after relocation, or if the borrower no longer resides in the United States, the lender’s security interest in the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust may be unperfected. In those circumstances, if the borrower defaults on the Mexico Loan, the Mexico loan agreement will nonetheless permit the lender to terminate the borrower’s rights to occupy the Mexican property, and the Mexico trust agreement will permit the lender to instruct the Mexican trustee to transfer the Mexican property to a subsequent purchaser or to recognize the subsequent purchaser as the beneficiary of the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust. However, because the lender’s security interest in the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust will be unperfected, no assurance can be given that the lender will be successful in realizing on its interest in the collateral under those circumstances. The lender’s security interest in the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust is not, for purposes of foreclosing on that collateral, an interest in real property. The depositor either will rely on its remedies that are available in the United States under the applicable UCC and under the Mexico trust agreement and foreclose on the collateral securing a Mexico Loan under the UCC, or follow the procedures described below.

In the case of some Mexico Loans, the Mexico trust agreement may permit the Mexican trustee, on notice from the lender of a default by the borrower, to notify the borrower that the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust or the Mexican property will be sold at an auction in accordance with the Mexico trust agreement. Under the terms of the Mexico trust agreement, the borrower may avoid foreclosure by paying in full prior to sale the outstanding principal balance of, together with all accrued and unpaid interest and other amounts owed on, the Mexico Loan. At the auction, the Mexican trustee may sell the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust to a third party, sell the Mexican property to another trust established to hold title to that property, or sell the Mexican property directly to a Mexican citizen.

The depositor is not aware of any other mortgage loan programs involving mortgage loans that are secured in a manner similar to the Mexico Loans. As a result, there may be uncertainty and delays in the process of attempting to realize on the mortgage collateral and gaining possession of the mortgaged property, and the process of marketing the borrower’s beneficial interest in the Mexican trust to persons interested in purchasing a Mexican property may be difficult.

 

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Foreclosure on Mortgaged Properties Located in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

Under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico the foreclosure of a real estate mortgage usually follows an ordinary “civil action” filed in the Superior Court for the district where the mortgaged property is located. If the defendant does not contest the action filed, a default judgment is rendered for the plaintiff and the mortgaged property is sold at public auction, after publication of the sale for two weeks, by posting written notice in three public places in the municipality where the auction will be held, in the tax collection office and in the public school of the municipality where the mortgagor resides, if known. If the residence of the mortgagor is not known, publication in one of the newspapers of general circulation in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico must be made at least once a week for two weeks. There may be as many as three public sales of the mortgaged property. If the defendant contests the foreclosure, the case may be tried and judgment rendered based on the merits of the case.

There are no redemption rights after the public sale of a foreclosed property under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico law provides for a summary proceeding for the foreclosure of a mortgage, but it is very seldom used because of concerns regarding the validity of those actions. The process may be expedited if the mortgagee can obtain the consent of the defendant to the execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure.

Under Commonwealth of Puerto Rico law, in the case of the public sale on foreclosure of a mortgaged property that (a) is subject to a mortgage loan that was obtained for a purpose other than the financing or refinancing of the acquisition, construction or improvement of the property and (b) is occupied by the mortgagor as his principal residence, the mortgagor of the property has a right to be paid the first $1,500 from the proceeds obtained on the public sale of the property. The mortgagor can claim this sum of money from the mortgagee at any time prior to the public sale or up to one year after the sale. This payment would reduce the amount of sales proceeds available to satisfy the mortgage loan and may increase the amount of the loss.

Foreclosure on Shares of Cooperatives

The Cooperative shares owned by the tenant-stockholder, together with the rights of the tenant-stockholder under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, are pledged to the lender and are, in almost all cases, subject to restrictions on transfer as set forth in the Cooperative’s certificate of incorporation and by-laws, as well as in the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. The proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, even while pledged, may be cancelled by the Cooperative for failure by the tenant-stockholder to pay rent or other obligations or charges owed by the tenant-stockholder, including mechanics’ liens against the Cooperative’s building incurred by the tenant-stockholder.

In most cases, rent and other obligations and charges arising under a proprietary lease or occupancy agreement that are owed to the Cooperative become liens on the shares to which the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement relates. In addition, the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement in most cases permits the Cooperative to terminate the lease or agreement if the borrower

 

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defaults in the performance of covenants thereunder. Typically, the lender and the Cooperative enter into a recognition agreement which, together with any lender protection provisions contained in the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, establishes the rights and obligations of both parties in the event of a default by the tenant-stockholder on its obligations under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. A default by the tenant-stockholder under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement will usually constitute a default under the security agreement between the lender and the tenant-stockholder.

The recognition agreement in most cases provides that, if the tenant-stockholder has defaulted under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, the Cooperative will take no action to terminate the lease or agreement until the lender has been provided with notice of and an opportunity to cure the default. The recognition agreement typically provides that if the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement is terminated, the Cooperative will recognize the lender’s lien against proceeds from a sale of the shares and the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement allocated to the dwelling, subject, however, to the Cooperative’s right to sums due under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement or which have become liens on the shares relating to the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. The total amount owed to the Cooperative by the tenant-stockholder, which the lender in most cases cannot restrict and does not monitor, could reduce the amount realized upon a sale of the collateral below the outstanding principal balance of the Cooperative Loan and accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

Recognition agreements also typically provide that if the lender succeeds to the tenant-shareholder’s shares and proprietary lease or occupancy agreement as the result of realizing upon its collateral for a Cooperative Loan, the lender must obtain the approval or consent of the board of directors of the Cooperative as required by the proprietary lease before transferring the Cooperative shares and assigning the proprietary lease. This approval or consent is usually based on the prospective purchaser’s income and net worth, among other factors, and may significantly reduce the number of potential purchasers, which could limit the ability of the lender to sell and realize upon the value of the collateral. In most cases, the lender is not limited in any rights it may have to dispossess the tenant-stockholder.

Because of the nature of Cooperative Loans, lenders do not usually require either the tenant-stockholder (that is, the borrower) or the Cooperative to obtain title insurance of any type. Consequently, the existence of any prior liens or other imperfections of title affecting the Cooperative’s building or real estate also may adversely affect the marketability of the shares allocated to the dwelling unit in the event of foreclosure.

A foreclosure on the Cooperative shares is accomplished by public sale in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, or UCC, and the security agreement relating to those shares. Article 9 of the UCC requires that a sale be conducted in a “commercially reasonable” manner. Whether a sale has been conducted in a “commercially reasonable” manner will depend on the facts in each case. In determining commercial reasonableness, a court will look to the notice given the debtor and the method, manner, time, place and terms of the sale and the sale price. In most instances, a sale conducted according to the usual practice of creditors selling similar collateral in the same area will be considered reasonably conducted.

 

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Where the lienholder is the junior lienholder, any foreclosure may be delayed until the junior lienholder obtains actual possession of such Cooperative shares. Additionally, if the lender does not have a first priority perfected security interest in the Cooperative shares, any foreclosure sale would be subject to the rights and interests of any creditor holding senior interests in the shares. Also, a junior lienholder may not be able to obtain a recognition agreement from a Cooperative since many cooperatives do not permit subordinate financing. Without a recognition agreement, the junior lienholder will not be afforded the usual lender protections from the Cooperative which are in most cases provided for in recognition agreements.

Article 9 of the UCC provides that the proceeds of the sale will be applied first to pay the costs and expenses of the sale and then to satisfy the indebtedness secured by the lender’s security interest. The recognition agreement, however, in most cases provides that the lender’s right to reimbursement is subject to the right of the Cooperative corporation to receive sums due under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. If there are proceeds remaining, the lender must account to the tenant-stockholder for the surplus. On the other hand, if a portion of the indebtedness remains unpaid, the tenant-stockholder is in most cases responsible for the deficiency. See “—Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders” below.

Rights of Redemption

In some states, after sale under a deed of trust, or a deed to secure debt or foreclosure of a mortgage, the borrower and foreclosed junior lienors or other parties are given a statutory period, typically ranging from six months to two years, in which to redeem the property from the foreclosure sale. In some states, redemption may occur only on payment of the entire principal balance of the mortgage loan, accrued interest and expenses of foreclosure. In other states, redemption may be authorized if the former borrower pays only a portion of the sums due. In some states, the right to redeem is an equitable right. The equity of redemption, which is a non-statutory right, should be distinguished from statutory rights of redemption. The effect of a statutory right of redemption is to diminish the ability of the lender to sell the foreclosed property. The rights of redemption would defeat the title of any purchaser subsequent to foreclosure or sale under a deed of trust or a deed to secure debt. Consequently, the practical effect of the redemption right is to force the lender to maintain the property and pay the expenses of ownership until the redemption period has expired.

Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders

Some states have imposed statutory prohibitions which limit the remedies of a beneficiary under a deed of trust, a mortgagee under a mortgage or a grantee under a deed to secure debt. In some states, including California, statutes limit the right of the beneficiary, mortgagee or grantee to obtain a deficiency judgment against the borrower following foreclosure. A deficiency judgment is a personal judgment against the former borrower equal in most cases to the difference between the net amount realized upon the public sale of the real property and the amount due to the lender. In the case of a mortgage loan secured by a property owned by a trust where the Mortgage Note is executed on behalf of the trust, a deficiency judgment against the trust following foreclosure or sale under a deed of trust or deed to secure debt, even if obtainable under applicable law, may be of little value to the beneficiary, grantee or mortgagee if there are no trust assets against which the deficiency judgment may be executed. Some state statutes require the beneficiary, grantee or

 

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mortgagee to exhaust the security afforded under a deed of trust, deed to secure debt or mortgage by foreclosure in an attempt to satisfy the full debt before bringing a personal action against the borrower.

In other states, the lender has the option of bringing a personal action against the borrower on the debt without first exhausting the security; however, in some of these states, the lender, following judgment on the personal action, may be deemed to have elected a remedy and may be precluded from exercising remedies for the security. Consequently, the practical effect of the election requirement, in those states permitting this election, is that lenders will usually proceed against the security first rather than bringing a personal action against the borrower. Finally, in some states, statutory provisions limit any deficiency judgment against the borrower following a foreclosure to the excess of the outstanding debt over the fair value of the property at the time of the public sale. The purpose of these statutes is in most cases to prevent a beneficiary, grantee or mortgagee from obtaining a large deficiency judgment against the borrower as a result of low or no bids at the judicial sale.

Finally, in other states, statutory provisions limit any deficiency judgment against the borrower following a foreclosure to the excess of the outstanding debt over the fair market value of the property at the time of the public sale. The purpose of these statutes is generally to prevent a beneficiary, grantee or mortgagee from obtaining a large deficiency judgment against the former borrower as a result of low or no bids at the judicial sale. Various state laws also place a limitation on the mortgagee for late payment charges.

In most cases, Article 9 of the UCC governs foreclosure on Cooperative shares and the related proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. Some courts have interpreted Article 9 to prohibit or limit a deficiency award in some circumstances, including circumstances where the disposition of the collateral, which, in the case of a Cooperative Loan, would be the shares of the Cooperative and the related proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, was not conducted in a commercially reasonable manner.

In addition to laws limiting or prohibiting deficiency judgments, numerous other federal and state statutory provisions, including the federal bankruptcy laws and state laws affording relief to debtors, may interfere with or affect the ability of the secured mortgage lender to realize upon its collateral and/or enforce a deficiency judgment. For example, under the federal bankruptcy law, all actions by the secured mortgage lender against the debtor, the debtor’s property and any co-debtor are automatically stayed upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition. Moreover, a court having federal bankruptcy jurisdiction may permit a debtor through its Chapter 11 or Chapter 13 rehabilitative plan to cure a monetary default relating to a mortgage loan or revolving credit loan on the debtor’s residence by paying arrearages within a reasonable time period and reinstating the original loan payment schedule, even though the lender accelerated the mortgage loan or revolving credit loan and final judgment of foreclosure had been entered in state court. Some courts with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction have approved plans, based on the particular facts of the reorganization case, that effected the curing of a mortgage loan or revolving credit loan default by paying arrearages over a number of years.

Courts with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction have also indicated that the terms of a mortgage loan or revolving credit loan secured by property of the debtor, which is a Cooperative Loan, or

 

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which is secured by additional collateral in addition to the related mortgaged property, may be modified. These courts have allowed modifications that include reducing the amount of each monthly payment, changing the rate of interest and altering the repayment schedule. In general, except as provided below with respect to junior liens, the terms of a mortgage loan or revolving credit loan secured only by a mortgage on a real property that is the debtor’s principal residence may not be modified under a plan confirmed under Chapter 13, as opposed to Chapter 11, except with respect to mortgage payment arrearages, which may be cured within a reasonable time period.

The United States Supreme Court has held that so long as a mortgage loan or revolving credit loan is fully or partially secured by the related mortgaged property, the amount of the mortgage loan or revolving credit loan secured by the related mortgaged property may not be reduced, or “crammed down,” in connection with a bankruptcy petition filed by the mortgagor. However, United States Circuit Court of Appeals decisions have held that in the event of a Chapter 13 bankruptcy filing by a mortgagor, in the event the value of the related mortgaged property at the time of the filing is less than the amount of debt secured by any first lien, the portion of any junior lien that is unsecured may be “crammed down” in the bankruptcy court and discharged. As a result, in the event of a decline in the value of a mortgaged property, the amount of any junior liens may be reduced by a bankruptcy judge in a Chapter 13 filing, without any liquidation of the related mortgaged property. Any such reduction would be treated as a Bankruptcy Loss.

In the case of income-producing multifamily properties, federal bankruptcy law may also have the effect of interfering with or affecting the ability of the secured lender to enforce the borrower’s assignment of rents and leases related to the mortgaged property. Under Section 362 of the Bankruptcy Code, the lender will be stayed from enforcing the assignment, and the legal proceedings necessary to resolve the issue could be time-consuming, with resulting delays in the lender’s receipt of the rents.

Certain tax liens arising under the Internal Revenue Code may, in some circumstances, have priority over the lien of a mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed of trust. This may have the effect of delaying or interfering with the enforcement of rights for a defaulted mortgage loan or revolving credit loan.

In addition, substantive requirements are imposed upon mortgage lenders in connection with the origination and the servicing of mortgage loans or revolving credit loans by numerous federal and some state consumer protection laws. These laws include the federal Truth-in-Lending Act, as implemented by Regulation Z, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, as implemented by Regulation X, Equal Credit Opportunity Act, as implemented by Regulation B, Fair Credit Billing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act and related statutes. These federal laws impose specific statutory liabilities upon lenders who originate mortgage loans or revolving credit loans and who fail to comply with the provisions of the law. In some cases, this liability may affect assignees of the mortgage loans or revolving credit loans. In particular, an originator’s failure to comply with certain requirements of the federal Truth-in-Lending Act, as implemented by Regulation Z, could subject both originators and assignees of such obligations to monetary penalties and could result in the obligors’ rescinding the mortgage loans against either the originators or assignees.

 

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Homeownership Act and Similar State Laws

Some mortgage loans or revolving credit loans, referred to herein as Homeownership Act Loans, may be subject to special rules, disclosure requirements and other provisions that were added to the federal Truth-in-Lending Act by the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994, or Homeownership Act, if such trust assets were originated on or after October 1, 1995, are not loans made to finance the purchase of the mortgaged property and have interest rates or origination costs in excess of certain prescribed levels. The Homeownership Act requires certain additional disclosures, specifies the timing of those disclosures and limits or prohibits inclusion of certain provisions in mortgages subject to the Homeownership Act. Purchasers or assignees of any Homeownership Act Loan, including any trust, could be liable under federal law for all claims and subject to all defenses that the borrower could assert against the originator of the Homeownership Act Loan, under the federal Truth-in-Lending Act or any other law, unless the purchaser or assignee did not know and could not with reasonable diligence have determined that the loan was subject to the provisions of the Homeownership Act. Remedies available to the borrower include monetary penalties, as well as rescission rights if appropriate disclosures were not given as required or if the particular mortgage includes provisions prohibited by the law. The maximum damages that may be recovered under these provisions from an assignee, including the trust, is the remaining amount of indebtedness plus the total amount paid by the borrower in connection with the mortgage loan.

In addition to the Homeownership Act, a number of legislative proposals have been introduced at both the federal and state level that are designed to discourage predatory lending practices. Some states have enacted, and other states or local governments may enact, laws that impose requirements and restrictions greater than those in the Homeownership Act. These laws prohibit inclusion of some provisions in mortgage loans that have interest rates or origination costs in excess of prescribed levels, and require that borrowers be given certain disclosures prior to the consummation of the mortgage loans. Purchasers or assignees of such a mortgage loan, including the related trust, could be exposed to all claims and defenses that the mortgagor could assert against the originator of the mortgage loan for a violation of state law. Claims and defenses available to the borrower could include monetary penalties, rescission and defenses to a foreclosure action or an action to collect.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether Residential Funding Company, LLC will represent and warrant that all of the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool complied in all material respects with all applicable local, state and federal laws at the time of origination. Although Residential Funding Company, LLC will be obligated to repurchase any mortgage loan as to which a breach of its representation and warranty has occurred if that breach is material and adverse to the interests of the securityholders, the repurchase price of those mortgage loans could be less than the damages and/or equitable remedies imposed pursuant to various state laws.

Lawsuits have been brought in various states making claims against assignees of Homeownership Act Loans for violations of federal and state law allegedly committed by the originator. Named defendants in these cases include numerous participants within the secondary mortgage market, including some securitization trusts.

 

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Alternative Mortgage Instruments

Alternative mortgage instruments, including ARM loans and early ownership mortgage loans or revolving credit loans, originated by non-federally chartered lenders, have historically been subjected to a variety of restrictions. These restrictions differed from state to state, resulting in difficulties in determining whether a particular alternative mortgage instrument originated by a state-chartered lender was in compliance with applicable law. These difficulties were alleviated substantially as a result of the enactment of Title VIII of the Garn-St Germain Act, or Title VIII. Title VIII provides that, regardless of any state law to the contrary:

 

   

state-chartered banks may originate alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Comptroller of the Currency for the origination of alternative mortgage instruments by national banks,

 

   

state-chartered credit unions may originate alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with regulations promulgated by the National Credit Union Administration for origination of alternative mortgage instruments by federal credit unions, and

 

   

all other non-federally chartered housing creditors, including state-chartered savings and loan associations, state-chartered savings banks and mutual savings banks and mortgage banking companies, may originate alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with the regulations promulgated by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, predecessor to the OTS, for origination of alternative mortgage instruments by federal savings and loan associations.

Title VIII also provides that any state may reject applicability of the provisions of Title VIII by adopting, prior to October 15, 1985, a law or constitutional provision expressly rejecting the applicability of these provisions. Some states have taken this action.

Junior Mortgages; Rights of Senior Mortgagees

The mortgage loans or revolving credit loans included in the trust may be junior to other mortgages, deeds to secure debt or deeds of trust held by other lenders. Absent an intercreditor agreement, the rights of the trust, and therefore the securityholders, as mortgagee under a junior mortgage, are subordinate to those of the mortgagee under the senior mortgage, including the prior rights of the senior mortgagee to receive hazard insurance and condemnation proceeds and to cause the property securing the mortgage loan or revolving credit loan to be sold on default of the mortgagor. The sale of the mortgaged property may extinguish the junior mortgagee’s lien unless the junior mortgagee asserts its subordinate interest in the property in foreclosure litigation and, in certain cases, either reinstates or satisfies the defaulted senior mortgage loan or revolving credit loan or mortgage loans or revolving credit loans. A junior mortgagee may satisfy a defaulted senior mortgage loan or revolving credit loan in full or, in some states, may cure the default and bring the senior mortgage loan or revolving credit loan current thereby reinstating the senior mortgage loan or revolving credit loan, in either event usually adding the amounts expended to the balance due on the junior mortgage loan or revolving credit loan. In most states, absent a provision in the mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed of trust, or an intercreditor agreement, no notice of default is required to be given to a junior mortgagee. Where applicable law or the terms of the senior mortgage, deed to

 

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secure debt or deed of trust do not require notice of default to the junior mortgagee, the lack of any notice may prevent the junior mortgagee from exercising any right to reinstate the mortgage loan or revolving credit loan which applicable law may provide.

The standard form of the mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed of trust used by most institutional lenders confers on the mortgagee the right both to receive all proceeds collected under any hazard insurance policy and all awards made in connection with condemnation proceedings, and to apply the proceeds and awards to any indebtedness secured by the mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed of trust, in the order as the mortgagee may determine. Thus, if improvements on the property are damaged or destroyed by fire or other casualty, or if the property is taken by condemnation, the mortgagee or beneficiary under underlying senior mortgages will have the prior right to collect any insurance proceeds payable under a hazard insurance policy and any award of damages in connection with the condemnation and to apply the same to the indebtedness secured by the senior mortgages. Proceeds in excess of the amount of senior mortgage indebtedness, in most cases, may be applied to the indebtedness of junior mortgages in the order of their priority.

Another provision sometimes found in the form of the mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed of trust used by institutional lenders obligates the mortgagor to pay before delinquency all taxes and assessments on the property and, when due, all encumbrances, charges and liens on the property which are prior to the mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed of trust, to provide and maintain fire insurance on the property, to maintain and repair the property and not to commit or permit any waste thereof, and to appear in and defend any action or proceeding purporting to affect the property or the rights of the mortgagee under the mortgage or deed of trust. After a failure of the mortgagor to perform any of these obligations, the mortgagee or beneficiary is given the right under certain mortgages, deeds to secure debt or deeds of trust to perform the obligation itself, at its election, with the mortgagor agreeing to reimburse the mortgagee for any sums expended by the mortgagee on behalf of the mortgagor. All sums so expended by a senior mortgagee become part of the indebtedness secured by the senior mortgage. Also, since most senior mortgages require the related mortgagor to make escrow deposits with the holder of the senior mortgage for all real estate taxes and insurance premiums, many junior mortgagees will not collect and retain the escrows and will rely on the holder of the senior mortgage to collect and disburse the escrows.

The form of credit line trust deed or mortgage used by most institutional lenders that make revolving credit loans typically contains a “future advance” clause, which provides, in essence, that additional amounts advanced to or on behalf of the borrower by the beneficiary or lender are to be secured by the deed of trust or mortgage. The priority of the lien securing any advance made under the clause may depend in most states on whether the deed of trust or mortgage is designated as a credit line deed of trust or mortgage. If the beneficiary or lender advances additional amounts, the advance is entitled to receive the same priority as amounts initially advanced under the trust deed or mortgage, regardless of the fact that there may be junior trust deeds or mortgages and other liens that intervene between the date of recording of the trust deed or mortgage and the date of the future advance, and regardless that the beneficiary or lender had actual knowledge of these intervening junior trust deeds or mortgages and other liens at the time of the advance. In most states, the trust deed or mortgage lien securing mortgage loans or revolving credit loans of the type that includes revolving credit loans applies retroactively to the date of the original recording of the trust deed or mortgage, provided that the total amount of advances under the credit limit does not exceed the maximum specified principal amount of the recorded trust deed or mortgage, except as to advances made after receipt by the lender of a written notice of lien from a judgment lien creditor of the trustor.

 

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The Manufactured Housing Contracts

General

A manufactured housing contract evidences both (a) the obligation of the mortgagor to repay the loan evidenced thereby and (b) the grant of a security interest in the manufactured home to secure repayment of the loan. Certain aspects of both features of the manufactured housing contracts are described below.

Security Interests in Manufactured Homes

Except as described in the next paragraph, under the laws of most states, manufactured housing constitutes personal property and is subject to the motor vehicle registration laws of the state or other jurisdiction in which the unit is located. In the few states in which certificates of title are not required for manufactured homes, security interests are perfected by the filing of a financing statement under the UCC. Those financing statements are effective for five years and must be renewed prior to the end of each five year period. The certificate of title laws adopted by the majority of states provide that ownership of motor vehicles and manufactured housing shall be evidenced by a certificate of title issued by the motor vehicles department, or a similar entity, of the state. In the states that have enacted certificate of title laws, a security interest in a unit of manufactured housing, so long as it is not attached to land in so permanent a fashion as to become a fixture, is, in most cases, perfected by the recording of the interest on the certificate of title to the unit in the appropriate motor vehicle registration office or by delivery of the required documents and payment of a fee to the office, depending on state law.

The lender, the servicer or the master servicer may effect the notation or delivery of the required documents and fees, and obtain possession of the certificate of title, as appropriate under the laws of the state in which any manufactured home securing a manufactured housing contract is registered. If the master servicer, the servicer or the lender fails to effect the notation or delivery, or files the security interest under the wrong law, for example, under a motor vehicle title statute rather than under the UCC, in a few states, the securityholders may not have a first priority security interest in the manufactured home securing a manufactured housing contract. As manufactured homes have become larger and often have been attached to their sites without any apparent intention to move them, courts in many states have held that manufactured homes, under some circumstances, may become subject to real estate title and recording laws. As a result, a security interest in a manufactured home could be rendered subordinate to the interests of other parties claiming an interest in the home under applicable state real estate law. In order to perfect a security interest in a manufactured home under real estate laws, the holder of the security interest must record a mortgage, deed of trust or deed to secure debt, as applicable, under the real estate laws of the state where the manufactured home is located. These filings must be made in the real estate records office of the county where the manufactured home is located. In some cases, a security interest in the manufactured home will be governed by the certificate of title laws or the UCC, and the notation of the security interest on the certificate of title or the filing of a UCC financing statement will be effective to maintain the priority of the seller’s security interest in the manufactured home. If,

 

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however, a manufactured home is permanently attached to its site or if a court determines that a manufactured home is real property, other parties could obtain an interest in the manufactured home which is prior to the security interest originally retained by the mortgage collateral seller and transferred to the depositor. In certain cases, the master servicer or the servicer, as applicable, may be required to perfect a security interest in the manufactured home under applicable real estate laws. If the real estate recordings are not required and if any of the foregoing events were to occur, the only recourse of the securityholders would be against the mortgage collateral seller under its repurchase obligation for breach of representations or warranties.

The depositor will assign or cause to be assigned a security interest in the manufactured homes to the trustee on behalf of the securityholders. See “Description of the Securities—Assignment of Loans.” The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the depositor or the trustee will amend the certificates of title to identify the trustee as the new secured party if a manufactured home is governed by the applicable motor vehicle laws of the relevant state. Accordingly, the depositor or any other entity as may be specified in the prospectus supplement will continue to be named as the secured party on the certificates of title relating to the manufactured homes. However, there exists a risk that, in the absence of an amendment to the certificate of title, the assignment of the security interest may not be held effective against subsequent purchasers of a manufactured home or subsequent lenders who take a security interest in the manufactured home or creditors of the assignor.

If the owner of a manufactured home moves it to a state other than the state in which the manufactured home initially is registered and if steps are not taken to re-perfect the trustee’s security interest in the state, the security interest in the manufactured home will cease to be perfected. While in many circumstances the trustee would have the opportunity to re-perfect its security interest in the manufactured home in the state of relocation, there can be no assurance that the trustee will be able to do so.

When a mortgagor under a manufactured housing contract sells a manufactured home, the trustee, or the servicer or the master servicer on behalf of the trustee, must surrender possession of the certificate of title or will receive notice as a result of its lien noted thereon and accordingly will have an opportunity to require satisfaction of the related lien before release of the lien.

Under the laws of most states, liens for repairs performed on a manufactured home take priority over a perfected security interest. The applicable mortgage collateral seller typically will represent that it has no knowledge of any liens for any manufactured home securing payment on any manufactured housing contract. However, the liens could arise at any time during the term of a manufactured housing contract. No notice will be given to the trustee or securityholders if a lien arises and the lien would not give rise to a repurchase obligation on the part of the party specified in the related agreement.

To the extent that manufactured homes are not treated as real property under applicable state law, manufactured housing contracts in most cases are “chattel paper” as defined in the UCC in effect in the states in which the manufactured homes initially were registered. Under the UCC, the sale of chattel paper is treated in a manner similar to perfection of a security interest in chattel paper. Under the related agreement, the master servicer, the servicer or the depositor, as the case may be, will transfer physical possession of the manufactured housing contracts to the trustee or its

 

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custodian. In addition, the master servicer or the servicer will make an appropriate filing of a financing statement in the appropriate states to give notice of the trustee’s ownership of the manufactured housing contracts. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the manufactured housing contracts will be stamped or marked otherwise to reflect their assignment from the depositor to the trustee. Therefore, if a subsequent purchaser were able to take physical possession of the manufactured housing contracts without notice of the assignment, the trustee’s interest in the manufactured housing contracts could be defeated. To the extent that manufactured homes are treated as real property under applicable state law, contracts will be treated in a manner similar to that described above with regard to mortgage loans. See “—The Mortgage Loans” above.

Enforcement of Security Interests in Manufactured Homes

The servicer or the master servicer on behalf of the trustee, to the extent required by the related agreement, may take action to enforce the trustee’s security interest with respect to manufactured housing contracts in default by repossession and sale of the manufactured homes securing the defaulted contracts. So long as the manufactured home has not become subject to real estate law, a creditor generally can repossess a manufactured home securing a contract by voluntary surrender, by “self-help” repossession that is “peaceful” or, in the absence of voluntary surrender and the ability to repossess without breach of the peace, by judicial process. The holder of a manufactured housing contract generally must give the debtor a number of days’ notice prior to commencement of any repossession. The UCC and consumer protection laws in most states place restrictions on repossession sales, including prior notice to the debtor and commercial reasonableness in effecting a repossession sale. The laws in most states also require that the debtor be given notice of any sales prior to resale of the unit so that the debtor may redeem the manufactured home at or before the resale.

Under the laws applicable in most states, a creditor is entitled to obtain a deficiency judgment from a debtor for any deficiency on repossession and resale of the manufactured home securing the related obligor’s manufactured housing contract. However, some states impose prohibitions or limitations on deficiency judgments, and in many cases the defaulting debtor would have no assets with which to pay a judgment.

Certain statutory provisions, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws and general equitable principles, may limit or delay the ability of a lender to repossess and resell a manufactured home or enforce a deficiency judgment. For a discussion of deficiency judgments, see “—The Mortgage Loans—Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders” above.

The Home Improvement Contracts

General

The home improvement contracts, other than those home improvement contracts that are unsecured or secured by mortgages on real estate, in most cases, are “chattel paper” and include “purchase money security interests” each as defined in the UCC. Those home improvement contracts are referred to in this section as “contracts.” Under the UCC, the sale of chattel paper is treated in a manner similar to perfection of a security interest in chattel paper. Under the related agreement, the depositor will transfer physical possession of the contracts to the trustee or a

 

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designated custodian or may retain possession of the contracts as custodian for the trustee. In addition, the depositor will make an appropriate filing of a financing statement in the appropriate states to give notice of the trustee’s ownership of the contracts. Unless specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the contracts will not be stamped or otherwise marked to reflect their assignment from the depositor to the trustee. Therefore, if through negligence, fraud or otherwise, a subsequent purchaser were able to take physical possession of the contracts without notice of the assignment, the trustee’s interest in the contracts could be defeated. In addition, if the depositor were to become insolvent or a debtor in a bankruptcy case while in possession of the contracts, competing claims to the contracts could arise. Even if unsuccessful, these claims could delay payments to the trust and the securityholders. If successful, losses to the trust and the securityholders also could result.

The contracts that are secured by the home improvements financed by those contracts grant to the originator of the contracts a purchase money security interest in the home improvements to secure all or part of the purchase price of the home improvements and related services. A financing statement in most cases is not required to be filed to perfect a purchase money security interest in consumer goods. These purchase money security interests are assignable. In most cases, a purchase money security interest grants to the holder a security interest that has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same collateral and the proceeds of the collateral. However, to the extent that the collateral subject to a purchase money security interest becomes a fixture, in order for the related purchase money security interest to take priority over a conflicting interest in the fixture, the holder’s interest in the home improvement must in most cases be perfected by a timely fixture filing. In most cases, under the UCC, a security interest does not exist under the UCC in ordinary building material incorporated into an improvement on land. Home improvement contracts that finance lumber, bricks, other types of ordinary building material or other goods that are deemed to lose this characterization, upon incorporation of these materials into the related property, will not be secured by a purchase money security interest in the home improvement being financed.

Forms of notes and mortgages used by lenders may contain provisions obligating the borrower to pay a late charge or additional interest if payments are not timely made, and in some circumstances may provide for prepayment fees or yield maintenance penalties if the obligation is paid prior to maturity. In some states, there are or may be specific limitations on the late charges that a lender may collect from a borrower for delinquent payments. Some states also limit the amounts that a lender may collect from a borrower as an additional charge if the loan is prepaid. In addition, the enforceability of provisions that provide for prepayment fees or penalties on an involuntary prepayment is unclear under the laws of many states. Most conventional single-family mortgage loans may be prepaid in full or in part without penalty. The regulations of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, as succeeded by the Office of Thrift Supervision, or OTS, prohibit the imposition of a prepayment penalty or equivalent fee for or in connection with the acceleration of a loan by exercise of a due-on-sale clause. A mortgagee to whom a prepayment in full has been tendered may be compelled to give either a release of the mortgage or an instrument assigning the existing mortgage. The absence of a restraint on prepayment, particularly relating to loans and/or contracts having higher interest rates, may increase the likelihood of refinancing or other early retirements of the home equity loans and/or home improvement contracts.

 

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Enforcement of Security Interest in Home Improvements

So long as the home improvement has not become subject to the real estate law, a creditor can repossess a home improvement securing a contract by voluntary surrender, “self-help” repossession that is “peaceful,” that is, without breach of the peace, or, in the absence of voluntary surrender and the ability to repossess without breach of the peace, judicial process. The holder of a contract must give the debtor a number of days’ notice, which varies from 10 to 30 days or more depending on the state, prior to commencement of any repossession. The UCC and consumer protection laws in most states restrict repossession sales, including requiring prior notice to the debtor and commercial reasonableness in effecting this type of sale. The law in most states also requires that the debtor be given notice of any sale prior to resale of the related property so that the debtor may redeem it at or before the resale.

Under the laws applicable in most states, a creditor is entitled to obtain a deficiency judgment from a debtor for any deficiency on repossession and resale of the property securing the debtor’s loan. However, some states impose prohibitions or limitations on deficiency judgments and in many cases the defaulting borrower would have no assets with which to pay a judgment.

Some other statutory provisions, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws and general equity principles, may limit or delay the ability of a lender to repossess and resell collateral or enforce a deficiency judgment.

Enforceability of Certain Provisions

Unless the accompanying prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, the loans contain due-on-sale clauses. These clauses permit the lender to accelerate the maturity of the loan if the borrower sells, transfers or conveys the property. The enforceability of these clauses has been the subject of legislation or litigation in many states, and in some cases the enforceability of these clauses has been limited or denied. However, the Garn-St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982, or Garn-St Germain Act, preempts state constitutional, statutory and case law that prohibit the enforcement of due-on-sale clauses and permits lenders to enforce these clauses in accordance with their terms, subject to limited exceptions. The Garn-St Germain Act does “encourage” lenders to permit assumption of loans at the original rate of interest or at some other rate less than the average of the original rate and the market rate.

The Garn-St Germain Act also sets forth nine specific instances in which a mortgage lender covered by the Garn-St Germain Act may not exercise a due-on-sale clause, regardless of the fact that a transfer of the property may have occurred. These include intra-family transfers, certain transfers by operation of law, leases of fewer than three years and the creation of a junior encumbrance. Regulations promulgated under the Garn-St Germain Act also prohibit the imposition of a prepayment penalty on the acceleration of a loan under a due-on-sale clause.

The inability to enforce a due-on-sale clause may result in a loan bearing an interest rate below the current market rate being assumed by a new home buyer rather than being paid off, which may have an impact on the average life of the loans and the number of loans which may be outstanding until maturity.

 

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On foreclosure, courts have imposed general equitable principles. These equitable principles are designed to relieve the borrower from the legal effect of its defaults under the loan documents. Examples of judicial remedies that have been fashioned include judicial requirements that the lender undertake affirmative and expensive actions to determine the causes for the borrower’s default and the likelihood that the borrower will be able to reinstate the loan. In some cases, courts have required that lenders reinstate loans or recast payment schedules in order to accommodate borrowers who are suffering from temporary financial disability. In other cases, courts have limited the right of the lender to foreclose if the default under the mortgage instrument is not monetary, including the borrower failing to adequately maintain the property. Finally, some courts have been faced with the issue of whether or not federal or state constitutional provisions reflecting due process concerns for adequate notice require that borrowers under deeds of trust, deeds to secure debt or mortgages receive notices in addition to the statutorily prescribed minimum. For the most part, these cases have upheld the notice provisions as being reasonable or have found that the sale by a trustee under a deed of trust, or under a deed to secure a debt or a mortgagee having a power of sale, does not involve sufficient state action to afford constitutional protections to the borrower.

Consumer Protection Laws

Numerous federal and state consumer protection laws impose requirements applicable to the origination of loans, including the Truth in Lending Act, as implemented by Regulation Z, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Fair Credit Billing Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, as implemented by Regulation B, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, as implemented by Regulation X, the Fair Housing Act, the Uniform Consumer Credit Code and related statutes. These laws can impose specific statutory liabilities upon creditors who fail to comply with their provisions. In some cases, this liability may affect an assignee’s ability to enforce the related loan. In particular, the originator’s failure to comply with certain requirements of the federal Truth-in-Lending Act, as implemented by Regulation Z, could subject both originators and assignees of such obligations to monetary penalties and could result in obligors rescinding the mortgage loans against either the originators or assignees. In addition, some of the mortgage loans may be subject to special rules, disclosure requirements and other provisions that are applicable to Homeownership Act Loans as discussed under “—The Mortgage Loans—Homeownership Act and Similar State Laws.”

If the transferor of a consumer credit contract is also the seller of goods that give rise to the transaction, and, in certain cases, related lenders and assignees, the “Holder-in-Due-Course” rule of the Federal Trade Commission is intended to defeat the ability of the transferor to transfer the contract free of notice of claims by the debtor thereunder. The effect of this rule is to subject the assignee of the contract to all claims and defenses that the debtor could assert against the seller of goods. Liability under this rule is limited to amounts paid under a contract; however, the borrower also may be able to assert the rule to set off remaining amounts due as a defense against a claim brought against the borrower.

Applicability of Usury Laws

Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980, or Title V, provides that state usury limitations shall not apply to some types of residential first mortgage loans, including Cooperative Loans originated by some lenders. Title V also provides

 

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that, subject to certain conditions, state usury limitations shall not apply to any loan that is secured by a first lien on certain kinds of manufactured housing. Title V also provides that, subject to the following conditions, state usury limitations shall not apply to any home improvement contract that is secured by a first lien on some kinds of consumer goods. The contracts would be covered if they satisfy some conditions, among other things, governing the terms of any prepayments, late charges and deferral fees and requiring a 30-day notice period prior to instituting any action leading to repossession of the related unit.

Title V authorized any state to reimpose limitations on interest rates and finance charges by adopting before April 1, 1983 a law or constitutional provision that expressly rejects application of the federal law. Fifteen states adopted this type of prior to the April 1, 1983 deadline. In addition, even where Title V was not so rejected, any state is authorized by the law to adopt a provision limiting discount points or other charges on loans covered by Title V.

Usury limits apply to junior mortgage loans in many states and Mexico Loans. Any applicable usury limits in effect at origination will be reflected in the maximum interest rates for the mortgage loans, as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

In most cases, each seller of a loan will have represented that the loan was originated in compliance with then-applicable state laws, including usury laws, in all material respects. However, the interest rates on the loans will be subject to applicable usury laws as in effect from time to time.

Environmental Legislation

Under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or CERCLA, and under state law in some states, a secured party which takes a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, purchases a mortgaged property at a foreclosure sale, or operates a mortgaged property may become liable in some circumstances for the costs of cleaning up hazardous substances regardless of whether they have contaminated the property. CERCLA imposes strict, as well as joint and several, liability on several classes of potentially responsible parties, including current owners and operators of the property who did not cause or contribute to the contamination. Furthermore, liability under CERCLA is not limited to the original or unamortized principal balance of a loan or to the value of the property securing a loan. Lenders may be held liable under CERCLA as owners or operators unless they qualify for the secured creditor exemption to CERCLA. This exemption exempts from the definition of owners and operators those who, without participating in the management of a facility, hold indicia of ownership primarily to protect a security interest in the facility.

The Asset Conservation, Lender Liability and Deposit Insurance Act of 1996, or Conservation Act amended, among other things, the provisions of CERCLA for lender liability and the secured creditor exemption. The Conservation Act offers substantial protection to lenders by defining the activities in which a lender can engage and still have the benefit of the secured creditor exemption. For a lender to be deemed to have participated in the management of a mortgaged property, the lender must actually participate in the operational affairs of the mortgaged property. The Conservation Act provides that “merely having the capacity to influence, or unexercised right to control” operations does not constitute participation in management. A lender will lose the

 

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protection of the secured creditor exemption only if it exercises decision-making control over the mortgagor’s environmental compliance and hazardous substance handling and disposal practices, or assumes day-to-day management of substantially all operational functions of the mortgaged property. The Conservation Act also provides that a lender will continue to have the benefit of the secured creditor exemption even if it forecloses on a mortgaged property, purchases it at a foreclosure sale or accepts a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure provided that the lender seeks to sell the mortgaged property at the earliest practicable commercially reasonable time on commercially reasonable terms.

Other federal and state laws in some circumstances may impose liability on a secured party which takes a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, purchases a mortgaged property at a foreclosure sale, or operates a mortgaged property on which contaminants other than CERCLA hazardous substances are present, including petroleum, agricultural chemicals, hazardous wastes, asbestos, radon, and lead-based paint. These cleanup costs may be substantial. It is possible that the cleanup costs could become a liability of a trust and reduce the amounts otherwise distributable to the holders of the related series of securities. Moreover, some federal statutes and some states by statute impose an Environmental Lien. All subsequent liens on that property are usually subordinated to an Environmental Lien and, in some states, even prior recorded liens are subordinated to Environmental Liens. In the latter states, the security interest of the trustee in a related parcel of real property that is subject to an Environmental Lien could be adversely affected.

Traditionally, many residential mortgage lenders have not taken steps to evaluate whether contaminants are present for any mortgaged property prior to the origination of the loan or prior to foreclosure or accepting a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Neither the depositor nor any master servicer or servicer will be required by any agreement to undertake any of these evaluations prior to foreclosure or accepting a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. The depositor does not make any representations or warranties or assume any liability for the absence or effect of contaminants on any mortgaged property or any casualty resulting from the presence or effect of contaminants. However, the master servicer or the servicer will not be obligated to foreclose on any mortgaged property or accept a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure if it knows or reasonably believes that there are material contaminated conditions on the property. A failure so to foreclose may reduce the amounts otherwise available to securityholders of the related series.

Except as otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, at the time the loans were originated, no environmental assessment or a very limited environment assessment of the mortgaged properties will have been conducted.

Servicemembers Civil Relief Act

Under the terms of the Relief Act a borrower who enters military service after the origination of the borrower’s loan, including a borrower who was in reserve status and is called to active duty after origination of the loan, may not be charged interest, including fees and charges, in excess of 6% per annum during the period of the borrower’s active duty status. In addition to adjusting the interest, the lender must forgive any such interest in excess of 6% per annum, unless a court or administrative agency of the United States or of any State orders otherwise on application of the lender. The Relief Act applies to borrowers who are members of the Air Force, Army, Marines, Navy, National Guard, Reserves or Coast Guard, and officers of the U.S. Public Health Service or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration assigned to duty with the military.

 

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Because the Relief Act applies to borrowers who enter military service, including reservists who are called to active duty, after origination of the related loan, no information can be provided as to the number of loans that may be affected by the Relief Act. For loans included in a trust, application of the Relief Act would adversely affect, for an indeterminate period of time, the ability of the servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, to collect full amounts of interest on the loans. Any shortfall in interest collections resulting from the application of the Relief Act or similar legislation or regulations, which would not be recoverable from the related loans, would result in a reduction of the amounts distributable to the holders of the related securities, and would not be covered by Advances or any form of credit enhancement provided in connection with the related series of securities. In addition, the Relief Act imposes limitations that would impair the ability of the servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, to foreclose on an affected loan during the mortgagor’s period of active duty status, and, under some circumstances, during an additional three-month period thereafter. Thus, if the Relief Act or similar legislation or regulations apply to any loan which goes into default, there may be delays in payment and losses on the related securities in connection therewith. Any other interest shortfalls, deferrals or forgiveness of payments on the loans resulting from similar legislation or regulations may result in delays in payments or losses to securityholders of the related series.

Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments

Forms of notes and mortgages used by lenders may contain provisions that obligate the borrower to pay a late charge or additional interest if payments are not timely made, and in some circumstances, may prohibit prepayments for a specified period and/or condition prepayments on the borrower’s payment of prepayment fees or yield maintenance penalties if the obligation is paid prior to maturity. In some states, there are or may be specific limitations on the late charges that a lender may collect from a borrower for delinquent payments. Some states also limit the amounts that a lender may collect from a borrower as an additional charge if the loan is prepaid. In addition, the enforceability of provisions that provide for prepayment fees or penalties on an involuntary prepayment is unclear under the laws of many states. Most conventional single-family mortgage loans may be prepaid in full or in part without penalty. The regulations of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, as succeeded by the OTS, prohibit the imposition of a prepayment penalty or equivalent fee for or in connection with the acceleration of a loan by exercise of a due-on-sale clause. A mortgagee to whom a prepayment in full has been tendered may be compelled to give either a release of the mortgage or an instrument assigning the existing mortgage. The absence of a restraint on prepayment, particularly for mortgage loans and/or contracts having higher loan rates, may increase the likelihood of refinancing or other early retirements of the mortgage loans and/or contracts.

Some state laws restrict the imposition of prepayment charges even when the loans expressly provide for the collection of those charges. The Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act of 1982, or the Parity Act, permits the collection of prepayment charges in connection with some types of loans subject to the Parity Act, or Parity Act loans, preempting any contrary state law prohibitions. However, some states may not recognize the preemptive authority of the Parity Act or have opted out of the Parity Act. Moreover, the OTS, the agency that administers the application of

 

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the Parity Act to some types of mortgage lenders that are not chartered under federal law, withdrew its favorable regulations and opinions that previously authorized those lenders, notwithstanding contrary state law, to charge prepayment charges and late fees on Parity Act loans in accordance with OTS rules. The withdrawal is effective with respect to Parity Act loans originated on or after July 1, 2003. The OTS’s action does not affect Parity Act loans originated before July 1, 2003. It is possible that prepayment charges may not be collected even on loans that provide for the payment of these charges unless otherwise specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The master servicer or another entity identified in the accompanying prospectus supplement will be entitled to all prepayment charges and late payment charges received on the loans and these amounts will not be available for payment on the certificates.

Forfeitures in Drug and RICO Proceedings

Federal law provides that property owned by persons convicted of drug-related crimes or of criminal violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations, or RICO statute can be seized by the government if the property was used in, or purchased with the proceeds of, those crimes. Under procedures contained in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, the government may seize the property even before conviction. The government must publish notice of the forfeiture proceeding and may give notice to all parties “known to have an alleged interest in the property,” including the holders of mortgage loans.

A lender may avoid forfeiture of its interest in the property if it establishes that: (i) its mortgage was executed and recorded before commission of the crime on which the forfeiture is based, or (ii) the lender was, at the time of execution of the mortgage, “reasonably without cause to believe” that the property was used in, or purchased with the proceeds of, illegal drug or RICO activities.

MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

General

The following is a discussion of the material federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the securities. This discussion is directed solely to securityholders that hold the securities as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code and does not purport to discuss all federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to particular individual circumstances, including those of banks, insurance companies, foreign investors, tax-exempt organizations, dealers in securities or currencies, mutual funds, real estate investment trusts, S corporations, estates and trusts, securityholders that hold the securities as part of a hedge, straddle, integrated or conversion transaction, or securityholders whose functional currency is not the United States dollar. Also, it does not address alternative minimum tax consequences or the indirect effects on the holders of equity interests in a securityholder.

The following discussion addresses (1) REMIC Securities representing interests in a trust for which the transaction documents require the making of an election to have the trust (or a portion thereof) be treated as one or more REMICs and (2) Non-REMIC Notes. The prospectus supplement for each series of securities will indicate whether a REMIC election will be made for the related trust and, if that election is to be made, will identify all “regular interests” and “residual interests” in the REMIC. For purposes of this tax discussion, references to a “securityholder” or a “holder” are to the beneficial owner of a security.

 

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Regulations specifically addressing certain of the issues discussed in this prospectus have not been issued and this discussion is based in part on regulations that do not adequately address some issues relevant to, and in some instances provide that they are not applicable to, securities similar to the securities.

The authorities on which this discussion and the opinion referred to below are based are subject to change or differing interpretations which could apply retroactively. This discussion does not purport to be as detailed and complete as the advice a securityholder may get from its tax advisor. Prospective investors should note that no rulings have been or will be sought from the IRS with respect to any of the federal income tax consequences discussed below, and no assurance can be given that the IRS will not take contrary positions. Taxpayers and preparers of tax returns, including those filed by any REMIC or other issuer, should be aware that under applicable Treasury regulations a provider of advice on specific issues of law is not considered an income tax return preparer unless the advice (1) is given with respect to events that have occurred at the time the advice is rendered and is not given with respect to the consequences of contemplated actions, and (2) is directly relevant to the determination of an entry on a tax return. If penalties were asserted against purchasers of the securities offered hereunder in respect of their treatment of the securities for tax purposes, the summary of tax considerations contained herein and the opinions stated herein may not meet the conditions necessary for purchasers’ reliance on that summary and those opinions to exculpate them from the asserted penalties. Accordingly, taxpayers should consult their own tax advisors and tax return preparers regarding the preparation of any item on a tax return, even where the anticipated tax treatment has been discussed in this prospectus. In addition to the federal income tax consequences described in this prospectus, potential investors should consider the state and local tax consequences, if any, of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the securities. See “State and Other Tax Consequences.”

Opinions

Upon the issuance of each series of REMIC Securities, Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP or Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw LLP, counsel to the depositor, will provide its opinion generally to the effect that, assuming (i) compliance with all provisions of the related agreement, (ii) certain representations set forth in the related agreement are true, (iii) there is continued compliance with applicable provisions of the Code, as it may be amended from time to time, and applicable Treasury regulations issued thereunder and (iv) a REMIC election is made timely in the required form, for federal income tax purposes, the related trust, or each applicable group of assets held by the related trust, will qualify as a REMIC and the REMIC Securities will be considered to evidence ownership of REMIC regular interests or REMIC residual interests in that REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC Provisions.

In addition, as to any securities offered pursuant hereto, Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP or Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw LLP is of the opinion that the statements made in the following discussion, as supplemented by the discussion under the heading “Federal Income Tax Consequences”, if any, in the prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus with respect to those securities, to the extent that they constitute matters of law or legal conclusions, are correct in all material respects as of the date of such prospectus supplement.

 

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Neither Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP nor Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw LLP has been asked to opine on any other federal income tax matter, and the balance of this summary does not purport to set forth any opinion of counsel concerning any other particular federal income tax matter. For example, the discussion under “REMICs—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual Securities—Excess Inclusions” below is a general summary of federal income tax consequences relating to an investment in a REMIC residual interest that has “excess inclusion income,” which summary counsel opines is correct in all material respects as described above; however, that summary does not set forth any opinion as to whether any particular class of REMIC residual interests will be treated as having excess inclusion income.

Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP and Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw LLP have not been asked to, and do not, render any opinion regarding the state or local income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of a beneficial interest in the certificates. See “—State and Local Tax Consequences.”

Classification of REMICs

Upon the issuance of each series of REMIC Securities, Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP or Mayer, Brown, Row & Maw LLP, counsel to the depositor, will provide its opinion generally to the effect that, assuming (i) compliance with all provisions of the related agreement, (ii) certain representations set forth in the related agreement are true, (iii) there is continued compliance with applicable provisions of the Code, as it may be amended from time to time, and applicable Treasury regulations issued thereunder and (iv) a REMIC election is made timely in the required form, for federal income tax purposes, the related trust, or each applicable group of assets held by the related trust, will qualify as a REMIC and the certificates offered by the REMIC will be considered to evidence ownership of REMIC “regular interests,” or REMIC “residual interests,” in that REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC Provisions.

If an entity electing to be treated as a REMIC fails to comply with one or more of the ongoing requirements of the Internal Revenue Code for that status during any taxable year, the Internal Revenue Code provides that the entity will not be treated as a REMIC for that year and thereafter. In that event, the entity may be taxable as a separate corporation under Treasury regulations, and the related REMIC Securities may not be accorded the status or given the tax treatment described in this prospectus under “Material Federal Income Tax Consequences.” The IRS may, but is not compelled to provide relief but any relief may be accompanied by sanctions, including the imposition of a corporate tax on all or a portion of the trust’s income for the period in which the requirements for that status are not satisfied. The pooling and servicing agreement, indenture or trust agreement for each REMIC will include provisions designed to maintain the trust’s status as a REMIC. It is not anticipated that the status of any trust as a REMIC will be terminated.

 

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Characterization of Investments in REMIC Securities

In general, the REMIC Securities will be “real estate assets” within the meaning of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code and assets described in Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code in the same proportion that the assets of the REMIC underlying the securities would be so treated. Moreover, if 95% or more of the assets of the REMIC qualify for any of the foregoing treatments at all times during a calendar year, the REMIC Securities will qualify for the corresponding status in their entirety for that calendar year. Interest, including original issue discount, on the REMIC Regular Securities and income allocated to the class of REMIC Residual Securities will be interest described in Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code to the extent that those securities are treated as “real estate assets” within the meaning of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, the REMIC Regular Securities will be “qualified mortgages” within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code if transferred to another REMIC on its startup day in exchange for regular or residual interests in that REMIC. The determination as to the percentage of the REMIC’s assets that constitute assets described in the foregoing sections of the Internal Revenue Code will be made with respect to each calendar quarter based on the average adjusted basis of each category of the assets held by the REMIC during that calendar quarter. The master servicer, the servicer or the REMIC administrator, as applicable, will report those determinations to securityholders in the manner and at the times required by applicable Treasury regulations.

The assets of the REMIC will include, in addition to mortgage collateral, payments on mortgage collateral held pending distribution on the REMIC Securities and property acquired by foreclosure held pending sale, and may include amounts in reserve accounts. It is unclear whether property acquired by foreclosure held pending sale and amounts in reserve accounts would be considered to be part of the mortgage collateral, or whether those assets, to the extent not invested in assets described in the foregoing sections, otherwise would receive the same treatment as the mortgage collateral for purposes of all of the foregoing sections. In addition, in some instances mortgage loans, including Additional Collateral Loans or Pledged Asset Mortgage Loans, may not be treated entirely as assets described in the foregoing sections. If the assets of a REMIC include Additional Collateral Loans or Pledged Asset Mortgage Loans, the non-real property collateral, while itself not an asset of the REMIC, could cause the mortgage loans not to qualify for one or more of those characterizations. If so, the related prospectus supplement will describe the mortgage loans, including Additional Collateral Loans or Pledged Asset Mortgage Loans, that may not be so treated. The REMIC regulations do provide, however, that payments on mortgage loans held pending distribution are considered part of the mortgage loans for purposes of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code. Furthermore, foreclosure property will qualify as “real estate assets” under Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Tiered REMIC Structures

For some series of REMIC Securities, two or more separate elections may be made to treat designated portions of the related trust as REMICs for federal income tax purposes.

Solely for purposes of determining whether the REMIC Securities will be “real estate assets” within the meaning of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code, and “loans secured by an interest in real property” under Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code, and whether the income on the securities is interest described in Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code, the Tiered REMICs will be treated as one REMIC.

 

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Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities

General

In general, REMIC Regular Securities will be treated for federal income tax purposes as debt instruments and not as ownership interests in the REMIC or its assets. Moreover, holders of REMIC Regular Securities that otherwise report income under a cash method of accounting will be required to report income for REMIC Regular Securities under an accrual method.

Original Issue Discount

Some REMIC Regular Securities may be issued with “original issue discount” within the meaning of Section 1273(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. Any holders of REMIC Regular Securities issued with original issue discount typically will be required to include original issue discount in income as it accrues, in accordance with the method described below, in advance of the receipt of the cash attributable to that income. In addition, Section 1272(a)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code provides special rules applicable to REMIC Regular Securities and certain other debt instruments issued with original issue discount. Regulations have not been issued under that section.

The Internal Revenue Code requires that a prepayment assumption be used for loans held by a REMIC in computing the accrual of original issue discount on REMIC Regular Securities issued by that issuer, and that adjustments be made in the amount and rate of accrual of the discount to reflect differences between the actual prepayment rate and the prepayment assumption. The prepayment assumption is to be determined in a manner prescribed in Treasury regulations; as noted above, those regulations have not been issued. The conference committee report accompanying the Tax Reform Act of 1986 indicates that the regulations will provide that the prepayment assumption used for a REMIC Regular Security must be the same as that used in pricing the initial offering of the REMIC Regular Security. The prepayment assumption used by the master servicer, the servicer, or the REMIC administrator in reporting original issue discount for each series of REMIC Regular Securities will be consistent with this standard and will be disclosed in the accompanying prospectus supplement. However, none of the depositor, the REMIC administrator, the master servicer or the servicer will make any representation that the loans will in fact prepay at a rate conforming to the prepayment assumption or at any other rate.

The original issue discount, if any, on a REMIC Regular Security will be the excess of its stated redemption price at maturity over its issue price. The issue price of a particular class of REMIC Regular Securities will be the first cash price at which a substantial amount of REMIC Regular Securities of that class is sold, excluding sales to bond houses, brokers and underwriters. If less than a substantial amount of a particular class of REMIC Regular Securities is sold for cash on or prior to the date of their initial issuance, or the closing date, the issue price for that class will be treated as the fair market value of the class on the closing date. Under the OID regulations, the stated redemption price of a REMIC Regular Security is equal to the total of all payments to be made on that security other than “qualified stated interest.” Qualified stated interest includes interest that is unconditionally payable at least annually at a single fixed rate, or in the case of a variable

 

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rate debt instrument, at a “qualified floating rate,” an “objective rate,” a combination of a single fixed rate and one or more “qualified floating rates” or one “qualified inverse floating rate,” or a combination of “qualified floating rates” that in most cases does not operate in a manner that accelerates or defers interest payments on a REMIC Regular Security.

In the case of REMIC Regular Securities bearing adjustable interest rates, the determination of the total amount of original issue discount and the timing of the inclusion of the original issue discount will vary according to the characteristics of the REMIC Regular Securities. If the original issue discount rules apply to the securities, the accompanying prospectus supplement will describe the manner in which the rules will be applied by the master servicer, the servicer, or REMIC administrator for those certificates in preparing information returns to the securityholders and the IRS.

Some classes of the REMIC Regular Securities may provide for the first interest payment with respect to their securities to be made more than one month after the date of issuance, a period which is longer than the subsequent monthly intervals between interest payments. Assuming the “accrual period” (as defined below) for original issue discount is each monthly period that begins or ends on a distribution date, in some cases, as a consequence of this “long first accrual period,” some or all interest payments may be required to be included in the stated redemption price of the REMIC Regular Security and accounted for as original issue discount. Because interest on REMIC Regular Securities must in any event be accounted for under an accrual method, applying this analysis would result in only a slight difference in the timing of the inclusion in income of the yield on the REMIC Regular Securities.

In addition, if the accrued interest to be paid on the first distribution date is computed for a period that begins prior to the closing date, a portion of the purchase price paid for a REMIC Regular Security will reflect the accrued interest. In these cases, information returns to the securityholders and the IRS will be based on the position that the portion of the purchase price paid for the interest accrued for periods prior to the closing date is treated as part of the overall cost of the REMIC Regular Security, and not as a separate asset the cost of which is recovered entirely out of interest received on the next distribution date, and that portion of the interest paid on the first distribution date in excess of interest accrued for a number of days corresponding to the number of days from the closing date to the first distribution date should be included in the stated redemption price of the REMIC Regular Security. However, the OID regulations state that all or some portion of the accrued interest may be treated as a separate asset the cost of which is recovered entirely out of interest paid on the first distribution date. It is unclear how an election to do so would be made under the OID regulations and whether that election could be made unilaterally by a securityholder.

Regardless of the general definition of original issue discount, original issue discount on a REMIC Regular Security will be considered to be de minimis if it is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price of the REMIC Regular Security multiplied by its weighted average life. For this purpose, the weighted average life of the REMIC Regular Security is computed as the sum of the amounts determined, as to each payment included in the stated redemption price of the REMIC Regular Security, by multiplying (i) the number of complete years, rounding down for partial years, from the issue date until the payment is expected to be made, presumably taking into account the prepayment assumption, by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of the payment, and the denominator of which is the stated redemption price at maturity of the REMIC Regular

 

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Security. Under the OID regulations, original issue discount of only a de minimis amount, other than de minimis original issue discount attributable to a so-called “teaser” interest rate or an initial interest holiday, will be included in income as each payment of stated principal is made, based on the product of the total remaining amount of the de minimis original issue discount and a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of the principal payment, and the denominator of which is the outstanding stated principal amount of the REMIC Regular Security. The OID regulations also would permit a securityholder to elect to accrue de minimis original issue discount into income currently based on a constant yield method. See “—Market Discount” below for a description of that election under the OID regulations.

If original issue discount on a REMIC Regular Security is in excess of a de minimis amount, the holder of the certificate must include in ordinary gross income the sum of the “daily portions” of original issue discount for each day during its taxable year on which it held the REMIC Regular Security, including the purchase date but excluding the disposition date. In the case of an original holder of a REMIC Regular Security, the daily portions of original issue discount will be determined as follows.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will describe the applicable accrual period. In general each accrual period that begins or ends on a date that corresponds to a distribution date and begins on the first day following the immediately preceding accrual period, or in the case of the first accrual period, begins on the closing date, a calculation will be made of the portion of the original issue discount that accrued during that accrual period. The portion of original issue discount that accrues in any accrual period will equal the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of (A) the present value, as of the end of the accrual period, of all of the distributions remaining to be made on the REMIC Regular Security, if any, in future periods and (B) the distributions made on the REMIC Regular Security during the accrual period of amounts included in the stated redemption price, over (ii) the adjusted issue price of the REMIC Regular Security at the beginning of the accrual period. The present value of the remaining distributions referred to in the preceding sentence will be calculated (1) assuming that distributions on the REMIC Regular Security will be received in future periods based on the loans being prepaid at a rate equal to the prepayment assumption and (2) using a discount rate equal to the original yield to maturity of the security. For these purposes, the original yield to maturity of the security will be calculated based on its issue price and assuming that distributions on the security will be made in all accrual periods based on the loans being prepaid at a rate equal to the prepayment assumption. The adjusted issue price of a REMIC Regular Security at the beginning of any accrual period will equal the issue price of the security, increased by the aggregate amount of original issue discount that accrued for that security in prior accrual periods, and reduced by the amount of any distributions made on that REMIC Regular Security in prior accrual periods of amounts included in its stated redemption price. The original issue discount accruing during any accrual period, computed as described above, will be allocated ratably to each day during the accrual period to determine the daily portion of original issue discount for that day.

The OID regulations suggest that original issue discount for securities that represent multiple uncertificated regular interests, in which ownership interests will be issued simultaneously to the same buyer and which may be required under the related pooling and servicing agreement to be transferred together, should be computed on an aggregate method. In the absence of further guidance from the IRS, original issue discount for securities that represent the ownership of multiple uncertificated regular interests will be reported to the IRS and the securityholders on an

 

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aggregate method based on a single overall constant yield and the prepayment assumption stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, treating all uncertificated regular interests as a single debt instrument as set forth in the OID regulations, so long as the pooling and servicing agreement requires that the uncertificated regular interests be transferred together.

A subsequent purchaser of a REMIC Regular Security that purchases the security at a cost, excluding any portion of that cost attributable to accrued qualified stated interest, less than its remaining stated redemption price will also be required to include in gross income the daily portions of any original issue discount for that security. However, each daily portion will be reduced, if the cost is in excess of its “adjusted issue price,” in proportion to the ratio that excess bears to the aggregate original issue discount remaining to be accrued on the REMIC Regular Security. The adjusted issue price of a REMIC Regular Security on any given day equals (i) the adjusted issue price or, in the case of the first accrual period, the issue price, of the security at the beginning of the accrual period which includes that day, plus (ii) the daily portions of original issue discount for all days during the accrual period prior to that day minus (iii) any principal payments made during the accrual period prior to that day for the security.

Market Discount

A securityholder that purchases a REMIC Regular Security at a market discount, that is, in the case of a REMIC Regular Security issued without original issue discount, at a purchase price less than its remaining stated principal amount, or, in the case of a REMIC Regular Security issued with original issue discount, at a purchase price less than its adjusted issue price, will recognize income on receipt of each distribution representing stated redemption price. In particular, under Section 1276 of the Internal Revenue Code such a securityholder in most cases will be required to allocate the portion of each distribution representing stated redemption price first to accrued market discount not previously included in income, and to recognize ordinary income to that extent.

A securityholder may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues rather than including it on a deferred basis in accordance with the foregoing. If made, the election will apply to all market discount bonds acquired by the securityholder on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which the election applies. In addition, the OID regulations permit a securityholder to elect to accrue all interest, discount, including de minimis market or original issue discount, and premium in income as interest, based on a constant yield method. If the election were made for a REMIC Regular Security with market discount, the securityholder would be deemed to have made an election to include currently market discount in income for all other debt instruments having market discount that the securityholder acquires during the taxable year of the election or thereafter. Similarly, a securityholder that made this election for a security that is acquired at a premium would be deemed to have made an election to amortize bond premium for all debt instruments having amortizable bond premium that the securityholder owns or acquires. See “—Premium” below. Each of these elections to accrue interest, discount and premium for a security on a constant yield method or as interest may not be revoked without the consent of the IRS.

However, market discount for a REMIC Regular Security will be considered to be de minimis for purposes of Section 1276 of the Internal Revenue Code if the market discount is less than 0.25% of the remaining stated redemption price of the REMIC Regular Security multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity remaining after the date of its purchase. In interpreting a

 

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similar rule for original issue discount on obligations payable in installments, the OID regulations refer to the weighted average maturity of obligations, and it is likely that the same rule will be applied for market discount, presumably taking into account the prepayment assumption. If market discount is treated as de minimis under this rule, it appears that the actual discount would be treated in a manner similar to original issue discount of a de minimis amount. See “— Original Issue Discount.” This treatment may result in discount being included in income at a slower rate than discount would be required to be included in income using the method described above.

Section 1276(b)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code specifically authorizes the Treasury Department to issue regulations providing for the method for accruing market discount on debt instruments, the principal of which is payable in more than one installment. Until regulations are issued by the Treasury Department, certain rules described in the conference committee report accompanying the Tax Reform Act of 1986 apply. The conference committee report indicates that in each accrual period market discount on REMIC Regular Securities should accrue, at the securityholder’s option:

 

   

on the basis of a constant yield method,

 

   

in the case of a REMIC Regular Security issued without original issue discount, in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total remaining market discount as the stated interest paid in the accrual period bears to the total amount of stated interest remaining to be paid on the REMIC Regular Security as of the beginning of the accrual period, or

 

   

in the case of a REMIC Regular Security issued with original issue discount, in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total remaining market discount as the original issue discount accrued in the accrual period bears to the total original issue discount remaining on the REMIC Regular Security at the beginning of the accrual period.

Moreover, the prepayment assumption used in calculating the accrual of original issue discount is to be used in calculating the accrual of market discount. Because the regulations referred to in the preceding paragraph have not been issued, it is not possible to predict what effect those regulations might have on the tax treatment of a REMIC Regular Security purchased at a discount in the secondary market.

To the extent that REMIC Regular Securities provide for monthly or other periodic distributions throughout their term, the effect of these rules may be to require market discount to be includible in income at a rate that is not significantly slower than the rate at which the discount would accrue if it were original issue discount. Moreover, in any event a holder of a REMIC Regular Security in most cases will be required to treat a portion of any gain on the sale or exchange of that security as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount accrued to the date of disposition under one of the foregoing methods, less any accrued market discount previously reported as ordinary income.

In addition, under Section 1277 of the Internal Revenue Code, a holder of a REMIC Regular Security may be required to defer a portion of its interest deductions for the taxable year attributable to any indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry a REMIC Regular Security purchased with market discount. For these purposes, the de minimis rule referred to above applies.

 

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Any deferred interest expense would not exceed the market discount that accrues during that taxable year and is, in general, allowed as a deduction not later than the year in which the market discount is includible in income. If the holder elects to include market discount in income currently as it accrues on all market discount instruments acquired by that holder in that taxable year or thereafter, the interest deferral rule described above will not apply.

Premium

A REMIC Regular Security purchased at a cost, excluding any portion of that cost attributable to accrued qualified stated interest, greater than its remaining stated redemption price will be considered to be purchased at a premium. The holder of a REMIC Regular Security may elect under Section 171 of the Internal Revenue Code to amortize that premium under the constant yield method over the life of the security. If made, this election will apply to all debt instruments having amortizable bond premium that the holder owns or subsequently acquires. Amortizable premium will be treated as an offset to interest income on the related REMIC Regular Security, rather than as a separate interest deduction. The OID regulations also permit securityholders to elect to include all interest, discount and premium in income based on a constant yield method, further treating the securityholder as having made the election to amortize premium generally. See “—Market Discount above.” The conference committee report states that the same rules that apply to accrual of market discount, which rules will require use of a prepayment assumption in accruing market discount for REMIC Regular Securities without regard to whether those certificates have original issue discount, will also apply in amortizing bond premium under Section 171 of the Internal Revenue Code. It is possible that the use of an assumption that there will be no prepayments may be required in calculating the amortization of premium.

Realized Losses

Under Section 166 of the Internal Revenue Code, both corporate holders of the REMIC Regular Securities and noncorporate holders of the REMIC Regular Securities that acquire those certificates in connection with a trade or business should be allowed to deduct, as ordinary losses, any losses sustained during a taxable year in which their certificates become wholly or partially worthless as the result of one or more Realized Losses on the loans. However, it appears that a noncorporate holder that does not acquire a REMIC Regular Security in connection with a trade or business will not be entitled to deduct a loss under Section 166 of the Internal Revenue Code until the holder’s security becomes wholly worthless—until its outstanding principal balance has been reduced to zero—and that the loss will be characterized as a short-term capital loss.

Each holder of a REMIC Regular Security will be required to accrue interest and original issue discount for that security, without giving effect to any reductions in distributions attributable to defaults or delinquencies on the loans or the underlying certificates until it can be established that any reduction ultimately will not be recoverable. As a result, the amount of taxable income reported in any period by the holder of a REMIC Regular Security could exceed the amount of economic income actually realized by the holder in that period. Although the holder of a REMIC Regular Security eventually will recognize a loss or reduction in income attributable to previously accrued and included income that, as the result of a Realized Loss, ultimately will not be realized, the law is unclear with respect to the timing and character of the loss or reduction in income.

 

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Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual Securities

General

As residual interests, the REMIC Residual Securities will be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those that would apply if the REMIC Residual Securities were treated for federal income tax purposes as direct ownership interests in the loans or as debt instruments issued by the REMIC.

A holder of a REMIC Residual Security generally will be required to report its daily portion of the taxable income or, in accordance with the limitations noted in this discussion, the net loss of the REMIC for each day during a calendar quarter that the holder owned the REMIC Residual Security. For this purpose, the taxable income or net loss of the REMIC will be allocated to each day in the calendar quarter ratably using a “30 days per month/90 days per quarter/360 days per year” convention. The daily amounts will then be allocated among the holders of REMIC Residual Securities in proportion to their respective ownership interests on that day. Any amount included in the gross income or allowed as a loss of any holder of a REMIC Residual Securities by virtue of this allocation will be treated as ordinary income or loss. The taxable income of the REMIC will be determined under the rules described in this prospectus in “—Taxable Income of the REMIC” and will be taxable to the holders of REMIC Residual Securities without regard to the timing or amount of cash distributions by the REMIC. Ordinary income derived from REMIC Residual Securities will be “portfolio income” for purposes of the taxation of taxpayers in accordance with limitations under Section 469 of the Internal Revenue Code on the deductibility of “passive losses.”

A holder of a REMIC Residual Security that purchased the security from a prior holder of that security also will be required to report on its federal income tax return amounts representing its daily portion of the taxable income or net loss of the REMIC for each day that it holds the REMIC Residual Security. These daily portions generally will equal the amounts of taxable income or net loss determined as described above. The conference committee report accompanying the Tax Reform Act of 1986 indicates that modifications of the general rules may be made, by regulations, legislation or otherwise, to reduce, or increase, the income or loss of a holder of a REMIC Residual Securities that purchased the REMIC Residual Security from a prior holder of such security at a price greater than, or less than, the adjusted basis that REMIC Residual Security would have had in the hands of an original holder of that security. The REMIC regulations, however, do not provide for any such modifications.

Any payments received by a holder of a REMIC Residual Security in connection with the acquisition of that security will be taken into account in determining the income of that holder for federal income tax purposes. On May 11, 2004, the IRS issued final regulations that require such payment to be included in income over time according to an amortization schedule that reasonably reflects the costs and benefits of holding the REMIC Residual Security over its expected life. The regulations also provide two more specific methods that will be accepted as meeting the general test set forth above for determining the timing and amount of income inclusion. One method generally follows the method of inclusion used by the taxpayer for GAAP purposes, but not over a period shorter than the period over which the REMIC is expected to generate income. The other method calls for ratable inclusion over the remaining anticipated weighted average life of the REMIC as of the time the REMIC Residual Security is transferred to the taxpayer. Holders of REMIC Residual Securities are encouraged to consult their tax advisors concerning the treatment of these payments for income tax purposes under the regulations.

 

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The amount of income holders of REMIC Residual Securities will be required to report, or the tax liability associated with that income, may exceed the amount of cash distributions received from the REMIC for the corresponding period. Consequently, holders of REMIC Residual Securities should have other sources of funds sufficient to pay any federal income taxes due as a result of their ownership of REMIC Residual Securities or unrelated deductions against which income may be offset, subject to the rules relating to “excess inclusions” and “noneconomic” residual interests discussed below. The fact that the tax liability associated with the income allocated to holders of REMIC Residual Securities may exceed the cash distributions received by the holders of REMIC Residual Securities for the corresponding period may significantly adversely affect the after-tax rate of return for the holders of REMIC Residual Securities.

Taxable Income of the REMIC

The taxable income of the REMIC will equal the income from the loans and other assets of the REMIC plus any cancellation of indebtedness income due to the allocation of Realized Losses to REMIC Regular Securities, less the deductions allowed to the REMIC for interest, including original issue discount and reduced by the amortization of any premium received on issuance, on the REMIC Regular Securities, and any other class of REMIC Securities constituting “regular interests” in the REMIC not offered hereby, amortization of any premium on the loans, bad debt deductions for the loans and, except as described below, for servicing, administrative and other expenses.

For purposes of determining its taxable income, the REMIC will have an initial aggregate basis in its assets equal to their fair market value immediately after their transfer to the REMIC. For this purpose, the master servicer, the servicer, or REMIC administrator, as applicable, intends to treat the fair market value of the loans as being equal to the aggregate issue prices of the REMIC Regular Securities and REMIC Residual Securities. The aggregate basis will be allocated among the loans collectively and the other assets of the REMIC in proportion to their respective fair market values. The issue price of any REMIC Securities offered hereby will be determined in the manner described above under “— Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities—Original Issue Discount.” Accordingly, if one or more classes of REMIC Securities are retained initially rather than sold, the master servicer, the servicer, or REMIC administrator, as applicable, may be required to estimate the fair market value of those interests in order to determine the basis of the REMIC in the loans and other property held by the REMIC.

Subject to the possible application of the de minimis rules, the method of accrual by the REMIC of original issue discount income and market discount income for loans that it holds will be equivalent to the method of accruing original issue discount income for REMIC Regular Securityholders—under the constant yield method taking into account the prepayment assumption. However, a REMIC that acquires collateral at a market discount must include the discount in income currently, as it accrues, on a constant interest basis. See “— Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities” above, which describes a method of accruing discount income that is analogous to that required to be used by a REMIC as to loans with market discount that it holds.

 

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A loan will be deemed to have been acquired with discount or premium to the extent that the REMIC’s basis therein, determined as described in the preceding paragraph, is less than or greater than its stated redemption price. Any discount will be includible in the income of the REMIC as it accrues, in advance of receipt of the cash attributable to that income, under a method similar to the method described above for accruing original issue discount on the REMIC Regular Securities. It is anticipated that each REMIC will elect under Section 171 of the Internal Revenue Code to amortize any premium on the loans. Premium on any loan to which the election applies may be amortized under a constant yield method, presumably taking into account a prepayment assumption.

A REMIC will be allowed deductions for interest, including original issue discount, on the REMIC Regular Securities, equal to the deductions that would be allowed if the REMIC Regular Securities, were indebtedness of the REMIC. Original issue discount will be considered to accrue for this purpose as described above under “— Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities—Original Issue Discount,” except that the de minimis rule and the adjustments for subsequent holders of REMIC Regular Securities, described therein will not apply.

If a class of REMIC Regular Securities is issued at an Issue Premium, the net amount of interest deductions that are allowed the REMIC in each taxable year for the REMIC Regular Securities of that class will be reduced by an amount equal to the portion of the Issue Premium that is considered to be amortized or repaid in that year. Although the matter is not entirely certain, it is likely that Issue Premium would be amortized under a constant yield method in a manner analogous to the method of accruing original issue discount described above under “—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities—Original Issue Discount.”

As a general rule, the taxable income of the REMIC will be determined in the same manner as if the REMIC were an individual having the calendar year as its taxable year and using the accrual method of accounting. However, no item of income, gain, loss or deduction allocable to a prohibited transaction will be taken into account. See “—Prohibited Transactions and Other Taxes” below. Further, the limitation on miscellaneous itemized deductions imposed on individuals by Section 67 of the Internal Revenue Code, which allows those deductions only to the extent they exceed in the aggregate two percent of the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income, will not be applied at the REMIC level so that the REMIC will be allowed deductions for servicing, administrative and other non-interest expenses in determining its taxable income. All of these expenses will be allocated as a separate item to the holders of REMIC Residual Securities, subject to the limitation of Section 67 of the Internal Revenue Code. See “—Possible Pass-Through of Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions.” If the deductions allowed to the REMIC exceed its gross income for a calendar quarter, the excess will be the net loss for the REMIC for that calendar quarter.

Basis Rules, Net Losses and Distributions

The adjusted basis of a REMIC Residual Security will be equal to the amount paid for that REMIC Residual Security, increased by amounts included in the income of the related securityholder and decreased, but not below zero, by distributions made, and by net losses allocated, to the related securityholder (in each case, other than any income or distributions attributable to qualified stated interest).

 

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A holder of a REMIC Residual Securities is not allowed to take into account any net loss for any calendar quarter to the extent the net loss exceeds that holder’s adjusted basis in its REMIC Residual Security as of the close of that calendar quarter, determined without regard to the net loss. Any loss that is not currently deductible by reason of this limitation may be carried forward indefinitely to future calendar quarters and, in accordance with the same limitation, may be used only to offset income from the REMIC Residual Security. The ability of holders of REMIC Residual Securities to deduct net losses in accordance with additional limitations under the Internal Revenue Code, as to which the securityholders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors.

Any distribution on a REMIC Residual Security will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent it does not exceed the holder’s adjusted basis in the REMIC Residual Security. To the extent a distribution on a REMIC Residual Security exceeds the adjusted basis, it will be treated as gain from the sale of the REMIC Residual Security. Holders of REMIC Residual Securities may be entitled to distributions early in the term of the related REMIC under circumstances in which their bases in the REMIC Residual Securities will not be sufficiently large that distributions will be treated as nontaxable returns of capital. Their bases in the REMIC Residual Securities will initially equal the amount paid for such REMIC Residual Securities and will be increased by their allocable shares of taxable income of the trust. However, their basis increases may not occur until the end of the calendar quarter, or perhaps the end of the calendar year, for which the REMIC taxable income is allocated to the holders of REMIC Residual Securities. To the extent the initial bases of the holders of the REMIC Residual Securities are less than the distributions to the holders of REMIC Residual Securities, and increases in the initial bases either occur after distributions or, together with their initial bases, are less than the amount of the distributions, gain will be recognized to the holders of REMIC Residual Securities on those distributions and will be treated as gain from the sale of their REMIC Residual Securities.

The effect of these rules is that a securityholder may not amortize its basis in a REMIC Residual Security, but may only recover its basis through distributions, through the deduction of its share of any net losses of the REMIC or on the sale of its REMIC Residual Security. See “— Sales of Certificates.” For a discussion of possible modifications of these rules that may require adjustments to income of a holder of a REMIC Residual Security other than an original holder in order to reflect any difference between the cost of the REMIC Residual Security to its holder and the adjusted basis the REMIC Residual Security would have had in the hands of the original holder, see “—General.”

Excess Inclusions

Any “excess inclusions” for a REMIC Residual Security will be subject to federal income tax in all events.

In general, the “excess inclusions” for a REMIC Residual Security for any calendar quarter will be the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of the daily portions of REMIC taxable income allocable to the REMIC Residual Security over (ii) the sum of the “daily accruals” (as defined below) for each day during that quarter that the REMIC Residual Security was held by the holder of a REMIC Residual Securities. The daily accruals of a holder of a REMIC Residual Security will be determined by allocating to each day during a calendar quarter its ratable portion of the product of the “adjusted issue price” of the REMIC Residual Security at the beginning of the calendar quarter

 

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and 120% of the “long-term Federal rate” in effect on the closing date. For this purpose, the adjusted issue price of a REMIC Residual Security as of the beginning of any calendar quarter will be equal to the issue price of the REMIC Residual Security, increased by the sum of the daily accruals for all prior quarters and decreased, but not below zero, by any distributions made on the REMIC Residual Security before the beginning of that quarter. The issue price of a REMIC Residual Security is the initial offering price to the public, excluding bond houses, brokers and underwriters, at which a substantial amount of the REMIC Residual Securities were sold. If less than a substantial amount of a particular class of REMIC Residual Securities is sold for cash on or prior to the closing date, the issue price of that class will be treated as the fair market value of that class on the closing date. The “long-term Federal rate” is an average of current yields on Treasury securities with a remaining term of greater than nine years, computed and published monthly by the IRS.

For holders of REMIC Residual Securities, an excess inclusion:

 

   

will not be permitted to be offset by deductions, losses or loss carryovers from other activities,

 

   

will be treated as “unrelated business taxable income” to an otherwise tax-exempt organization, and

 

   

will not be eligible for any rate reduction or exemption under any applicable tax treaty for the 30% United States withholding tax imposed on distributions to holders of REMIC Residual Securities that are foreign investors.

See, however, “—Foreign Investors in REMIC Regular Securities.”

Furthermore, for purposes of the alternative minimum tax, (i) excess inclusions will not be permitted to be offset by the alternative minimum tax net operating loss deduction and (ii) alternative minimum taxable income may not be less than the taxpayer’s excess inclusions; provided, however, that for purposes of (ii), alternative minimum taxable income is determined without regard to the special rule that taxable income cannot be less than excess inclusions. The latter rule has the effect of preventing nonrefundable tax credits from reducing the taxpayer’s income tax to an amount lower than the alternative minimum tax on excess inclusions.

In the case of any REMIC Residual Securities held by a real estate investment trust, the aggregate excess inclusions allocated to the REMIC Residual Securities, reduced, but not below zero, by the real estate investment trust taxable income, within the meaning of Section 857(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code, excluding any net capital gain, will be allocated among the shareholders of the trust in proportion to the dividends received by the shareholders from the trust, and any amount so allocated will be treated as an excess inclusion from a REMIC Residual Security as if held directly by the shareholder. Treasury regulations yet to be issued could apply a similar rule to regulated investment companies, common trust funds and some cooperatives; the REMIC regulations currently do not address this subject.

Effective August 1, 2006, temporary regulations issued by the IRS (the “Temporary regulations”) have modified the general rule that excess inclusions from a REMIC residual interest

 

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are not includible in the income of a nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation for purposes of the 30% United States withholding tax until paid or distributed or when the REMIC residual interest is disposed of. The Temporary regulations accelerate the time both for reporting of, and withholding tax on, excess inclusions allocated to the foreign equity holders of domestic partnerships and certain other pass-through entities. The new rules also provide that excess inclusions are United States sourced income. The timing rules apply to a particular residual interest and a particular foreign person if the first allocation of income from the residual interest to the foreign person occurs after July 31, 2006. The source rules apply for taxable years ending after August 1, 2006.

Under the Temporary regulations, in the case of REMIC residual interests held by a foreign person through a domestic partnership, the amount of excess inclusion income allocated to the foreign partner is deemed to be received by the foreign partner on the last day of the partnership’s taxable year except to the extent that the excess inclusion was required to be taken into account by the foreign partner at an earlier time under section 860G(b) of the Internal Revenue Code as a result of a distribution by the partnership to the foreign partner or a disposition in whole or in part of the foreign partner’s indirect interest in the REMIC residual interest. A disposition in whole or in part of the foreign partner’s indirect interest in the REMIC residual interest may occur as a result of a termination of the REMIC, a disposition of the partnership’s residual interest in the REMIC, a disposition of the foreign partner’s interest in the partnership, or any other reduction in the foreign partner’s allocable share of the portion of the REMIC net income or deduction allocated to the partnership.

Similarly, in the case of a residual interest held by a foreign person indirectly as a shareholder of a real estate investment trust or regulated investment company, as a participant in a common trust fund or as a patron in an organization subject to part I of subchapter T (cooperatives), the amount of excess inclusion allocated to the foreign person must be taken into account for purposes of the 30% United States withholding tax at the same time that other income from the trust, company, fund, or organization would be taken into account.

Under the Temporary regulations, excess inclusions allocated to a foreign person (whether as a partner or holder of an interest in a pass-through entity) are expressly made subject to withholding tax. In addition, in the case of excess inclusions allocable to a foreign person as a partner, the Temporary regulations eliminate an exception to the withholding requirements under which a withholding agent unrelated to a payee is obligated to withhold on a payment only to the extent that the withholding agent has control over the payee’s money or property and knows the facts giving rise to the payment.

Noneconomic REMIC Residual Securities

Under the REMIC regulations, transfers of “noneconomic” REMIC Residual Securities will be disregarded for all federal income tax purposes if “a significant purpose of the transfer was to enable the transferor to impede the assessment or collection of tax.” If the transfer is disregarded, the purported transferor will continue to remain liable for any taxes due with respect to the income on the “noneconomic” REMIC Residual Security. The REMIC regulations provide that a REMIC Residual Security is noneconomic unless, based on the prepayment assumption and on any required or permitted clean up calls, or required qualified liquidation provided for in the REMIC’s

 

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organizational documents, (1) the present value of the expected future distributions (discounted using the “applicable Federal rate” for obligations whose term ends on the close of the last quarter in which excess inclusions are expected to accrue on the REMIC Residual Security, which rate is computed and published monthly by the IRS) on the REMIC Residual Security equals at least the present value of the expected tax on the anticipated excess inclusions, and (2) the transferor reasonably expects that the transferee will receive distributions on the REMIC Residual Security at or after the time the taxes accrue on the anticipated excess inclusions in an amount sufficient to satisfy the accrued taxes. Accordingly, all transfers of REMIC Residual Securities that may constitute noneconomic residual interests will be subject to restrictions under the terms of the related pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement that are intended to reduce the possibility of any transfer being disregarded. The restrictions will require each party to a transfer to provide an affidavit that no purpose of the transfer is to impede the assessment or collection of tax, including representations as to the financial condition of the prospective transferee, as to which the transferor also is required to make a reasonable investigation to determine the transferee’s historic payment of its debts and ability to continue to pay its debts as they come due in the future. Prior to purchasing a REMIC Residual Security, prospective purchasers should consider the possibility that a purported transfer of the REMIC Residual Security by such a purchaser to another purchaser at some future date may be disregarded in accordance with the above-described rules which would result in the retention of tax liability by that purchaser.

The IRS has issued final REMIC regulations that add to the conditions necessary to assure that a transfer of a non-economic residual interest would be respected. The additional conditions require that in order to qualify as a safe harbor transfer of a residual interest the transferee represent that it will not cause the income “to be attributable to a foreign permanent establishment or fixed base (within the meaning of an applicable income tax treaty) of the transferee or another U.S. taxpayer” and either (i) the amount received by the transferee be no less on a present value basis (determined using the short-term rate provided by Section 1274(d) of the Internal Revenue Code) than the present value of the net tax detriment attributable to holding the residual interest reduced by the present value of the projected payments to be received on the residual interest or (ii) the transfer is to a domestic taxable corporation with specified large amounts of gross and net assets and that meets certain other requirements where agreement is made that all future transfers will be to taxable domestic corporations in transactions that qualify for the same “safe harbor” provision. Eligibility for the safe harbor requires, among other things, that the facts and circumstances known to the transferor at the time of transfer not indicate to a reasonable person that the taxes with respect to the residual interest will not be paid, with an unreasonably low cost for the transfer specifically mentioned as negating eligibility.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will disclose whether offered REMIC Residual Securities may be considered “noneconomic” residual interests under the REMIC regulations. Any disclosure that a REMIC Residual Security will not be considered “noneconomic” will be based on some assumptions, and the depositor will make no representation that a REMIC Residual Security will not be considered “noneconomic” for purposes of the above-described rules. See “—Foreign Investors in REMIC Regular Securities” for additional restrictions applicable to transfers of certain REMIC Residual Securities to foreign persons.

 

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Mark-to-Market Rules

The mark-to-market requirement applies to all securities owned by a dealer, except to the extent that the dealer has specifically identified a security as held for investment. The Mark-to-Market Regulations provide that for purposes of this mark-to-market requirement, a REMIC Residual Security acquired on or after January 4, 1995 is not treated as a security and thus may not be marked to market. Prospective purchasers of a REMIC Residual Security are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible application of the mark-to-market requirement to REMIC Residual Securities.

Possible Pass-Through of Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions

Fees and expenses of a REMIC generally will be allocated to the holders of the related REMIC Residual Securities. The applicable Treasury regulations indicate, however, that in the case of a REMIC that is similar to a single class grantor trust, all or a portion of those fees and expenses should be allocated to the holders of the related REMIC Regular Securities. Fees and expenses will be allocated to holders of the related REMIC Residual Securities in their entirety and not to the holders of the related REMIC Regular Securities.

For REMIC Residual Securities or REMIC Regular Securities the holders of which receive an allocation of fees and expenses in accordance with the preceding discussion, if any holder thereof is an individual, estate or trust, or a Pass-Through Entity beneficially owned by one or more individuals, estates or trusts, (i) an amount equal to the individual’s, estate’s or trust’s share of fees and expenses will be added to the gross income of that holder and (ii) the individual’s, estate’s or trust’s share of fees and expenses will be treated as a miscellaneous itemized deduction allowable in accordance with the limitation of Section 67 of the Internal Revenue Code, which permits those deductions only to the extent they exceed in the aggregate two percent of a taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. In addition, Section 68 of the Internal Revenue Code provides that the amount of itemized deductions otherwise allowable for an individual whose adjusted gross income exceeds a specified amount will be reduced. The amount of additional taxable income reportable by holders of REMIC Securities that are covered by the limitations of either Section 67 or Section 68 of the Internal Revenue Code may be substantial. Furthermore, in determining the alternative minimum taxable income of such a holder of a REMIC security that is an individual, estate or trust, or a Pass-Through Entity beneficially owned by one or more individuals, estates or trusts, no deduction will be allowed for such holder’s allocable portion of servicing fees and other miscellaneous itemized deductions of the REMIC, even though an amount equal to the amount of such fees and other deductions will be included in the holder’s gross income. Accordingly, the REMIC Securities may not be appropriate investments for individuals, estates, or trusts, or Pass-Through Entities beneficially owned by one or more individuals, estates or trusts. Any prospective investors are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors prior to making an investment in these certificates.

Tax and Restrictions on Transfers of REMIC Residual Securities to Certain Organizations

If a REMIC Residual Security is transferred to a Disqualified Organization, a tax would be imposed in an amount, determined under the REMIC regulations, equal to: the product of:

 

  (1) the present value, discounted using the “applicable Federal rate” for obligations whose term ends on the close of the last quarter in which excess inclusions are expected to accrue on the security, which rate is computed and published monthly by the IRS, of the total anticipated excess inclusions on the REMIC Residual Security for periods after the transfer; and

 

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  (2) the highest marginal federal income tax rate applicable to corporations.

The anticipated excess inclusions must be determined as of the date that the REMIC Residual Security is transferred and must be based on events that have occurred up to the time of transfer, the prepayment assumption and any required or permitted clean up calls or required liquidation provided for in the REMIC’s organizational documents. This tax generally would be imposed on the transferor of the REMIC Residual Security, except that where the transfer is through an agent for a Disqualified Organization, the tax would instead be imposed on that agent. However, a transferor of a REMIC Residual Security would in no event be liable for the tax on a transfer if the transferee furnishes to the transferor an affidavit that the transferee is not a Disqualified Organization and, as of the time of the transfer, the transferor does not have actual knowledge that the affidavit is false. Moreover, an entity will not qualify as a REMIC unless there are reasonable arrangements designed to ensure that:

 

   

residual interests in the entity are not held by Disqualified Organizations; and

 

   

information necessary for the application of the tax described in this prospectus will be made available.

Restrictions on the transfer of REMIC Residual Securities and other provisions that are intended to meet this requirement will be included in the pooling and servicing agreement, including provisions:

 

  (1) requiring any transferee of a REMIC Residual Security to provide an affidavit representing that it is not a Disqualified Organization and is not acquiring the REMIC Residual Security on behalf of a Disqualified Organization, undertaking to maintain that status and agreeing to obtain a similar affidavit from any person to whom it shall transfer the REMIC Residual Security;

 

  (2) providing that any transfer of a REMIC Residual Security to a Disqualified Organization shall be null and void; and

 

  (3) granting to the master servicer or the servicer the right, without notice to the holder or any prior holder, to sell to a purchaser of its choice any REMIC Residual Security that shall become owned by a Disqualified Organization despite (1) and (2) above.

In addition, if a Pass-Through Entity includes in income excess inclusions on a REMIC Residual Security, and a Disqualified Organization is the record holder of an interest in that entity, then a tax will be imposed on the entity equal to the product of (i) the amount of excess inclusions on the REMIC Residual Security that are allocable to the interest in the Pass-Through Entity held by the Disqualified Organization and (ii) the highest marginal federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. A Pass-Through Entity will not be subject to this tax for any period, however, if each

 

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record holder of an interest in the Pass-Through Entity furnishes to that Pass-Through Entity (i) the holder’s social security number and a statement under penalties of perjury that the social security number is that of the record holder or (ii) a statement under penalties of perjury that the record holder is not a Disqualified Organization. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997, regardless of the preceding two sentences, in the case of a REMIC Residual Security held by an “electing large partnership,” all interests in such partnership shall be treated as held by Disqualified Organizations, without regard to whether the record holders of the partnership furnish statements described in the preceding sentence, and the amount that is subject to tax under the second preceding sentence is excluded from the gross income of the partnership allocated to the partners, in lieu of allocating to the partners a deduction for the tax paid by the partners.

Sales of Certificates

If a REMIC Security is sold, the selling securityholder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale and its adjusted basis in the REMIC Security. The adjusted basis of a REMIC Regular Security generally will equal the cost of that REMIC Regular Security to that securityholder, increased by income reported by the securityholder with respect to that REMIC Regular Security, including original issue discount and market discount income, and reduced, but not below zero, by distributions on the REMIC Regular Security received by the securityholder and by any amortized premium. The adjusted basis of a REMIC Residual Security will be determined as described under “—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual Securities—Basis Rules, Net Losses and Distributions.” Except as described below, any gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss.

Gain from the sale of a REMIC Regular Security that might otherwise be capital gain will be treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain does not exceed the excess, if any, of (i) the amount that would have been includible in the seller’s income for the REMIC Regular Security had income accrued thereon at a rate equal to 110% of the “applicable federal rate,” which is typically a rate based on an average of current yields on Treasury securities having a maturity comparable to that of the security, which rate is computed and published monthly by the IRS, determined as of the date of purchase of the REMIC Regular Security, over (ii) the amount of ordinary income actually includible in the seller’s income prior to the sale. In addition, gain recognized on the sale of a REMIC Regular Security by a seller who purchased the REMIC Regular Security at a market discount will be taxable as ordinary income to the extent of any accrued and previously unrecognized market discount that accrued during the period the security was held. See “—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities—Market Discount.”

A portion of any gain from the sale of a REMIC Regular Security that might otherwise be capital gain may be treated as ordinary income to the extent that the security is held as part of a “conversion transaction” within the meaning of Section 1258 of the Internal Revenue Code. A conversion transaction generally is one in which the taxpayer has taken two or more positions in securities or similar property that reduce or eliminate market risk, if substantially all of the taxpayer’s return is attributable to the time value of the taxpayer’s net investment in the transaction. The amount of gain so realized in a conversion transaction that is recharacterized as ordinary income generally will not exceed the amount of interest that would have accrued on the taxpayer’s net investment at 120% of the appropriate “applicable Federal rate,” which rate is computed and published monthly by the IRS, at the time the taxpayer enters into the conversion transaction, subject to appropriate reduction for prior inclusion of interest and other ordinary income items from the transaction.

 

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Finally, a taxpayer may elect to have net capital gain taxed at ordinary income rates rather than capital gains rates in order to include any net capital gain in total net investment income for the taxable year, for purposes of the limitation on the deduction of interest on indebtedness incurred to purchase or carry property held for investment to a taxpayer’s net investment income.

If the seller of a REMIC Residual Security reacquires the security, any other residual interest in a REMIC or any similar interest in a “taxable mortgage pool” (as defined in Section 7701(i) of the Internal Revenue Code) within six months of the date of the sale, the sale will be subject to the “wash sale” rules of Section 1091 of the Internal Revenue Code. In that event, any loss realized by the holders of REMIC Residual Securities on the sale will not be deductible, but instead will be added to the adjusted basis the holders of REMIC Residual Securities in the newly acquired asset.

Losses on the sale of a REMIC Regular Security in excess of a threshold amount (which amount could need to be aggregated with similar or previous losses) may require disclosure of such loss on an IRS Form 8886. Investors are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors as to the need to file such forms.

Tax Return Disclosure and Investor List Requirements

Recent Treasury regulations directed at potentially abusive tax shelter activity appear to apply to transactions not conventionally regarded as tax shelters. The regulations require taxpayers to report certain disclosures on IRS Form 8886 if they participate in a “reportable transaction.” Organizers and sellers of the transaction are required to maintain records including investor lists containing identifying information and to furnish those records to the IRS upon demand. A transaction may be a “reportable transaction” based upon any of several indicia, one or more of which may be present with respect to your investment in the securities. There are significant penalties for failure to comply with these disclosure requirements. Investors in REMIC Residual Securities are encouraged to consult their own tax advisers concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to their investment, and should be aware that the depositor and other participants in the transaction intend to comply with such disclosure and investor list maintenance requirements as they determine apply to them with respect to the transaction.

Prohibited Transactions and Other Taxes

The Internal Revenue Code imposes a prohibited transactions tax, which is a tax on REMICs equal to 100% of the net income derived from prohibited transactions. In general, subject to specified exceptions a prohibited transaction means the disposition of a loan, the receipt of income from a source other than any loan or other Permitted Investments, the receipt of compensation for services, or gain from the disposition of an asset purchased with the payments on the loans for temporary investment pending distribution on the REMIC Securities. It is not anticipated that any REMIC will engage in any prohibited transactions in which it would recognize a material amount of net income. In addition, some contributions to a REMIC made after the day on which the REMIC issues all of its interests could result in the imposition of a contributions tax, which is a tax on the REMIC equal to 100% of the value of the contributed property. Each pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement will include provisions designed to prevent the acceptance of any contributions that would be subject to the tax.

 

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REMICs also are subject to federal income tax at the highest corporate rate on “net income from foreclosure property,” determined by reference to the rules applicable to real estate investment trusts. “Net income from foreclosure property” generally means gain from the sale of a foreclosure property that is inventory property and gross income from foreclosure property other than qualifying rents and other qualifying income for a real estate investment trust. It is not anticipated that any REMIC will recognize “net income from foreclosure property” subject to federal income tax.

It is not anticipated that any material state or local income or franchise tax will be imposed on any REMIC.

To the extent permitted by then-applicable laws, any prohibited transactions tax, contributions tax, tax on “net income from foreclosure property” or state or local income or franchise tax that may be imposed on the REMIC will be borne by the related master servicer, the servicer, the REMIC administrator or the trustee in either case out of its own funds, provided that the master servicer, the servicer, the REMIC administrator or the trustee, as the case may be, has sufficient assets to do so, and provided further that the tax arises out of a breach of the master servicer’s, the servicer’s, the REMIC administrator’s or the trustee’s obligations, as the case may be, under the related pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement and relating to compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Any tax not borne by the master servicer, the servicer or the trustee will be payable out of the related trust resulting in a reduction in amounts payable to holders of the related REMIC Securities.

Termination

A REMIC will terminate immediately after the distribution date following receipt by the REMIC of the final payment from the loans or on a sale of the REMIC’s assets following the adoption by the REMIC of a plan of complete liquidation. The last distribution on a REMIC Regular Security will be treated as a payment in retirement of a debt instrument. In the case of a REMIC Residual Security, if the last distribution on the REMIC Residual Security is less than the securityholder’s adjusted basis in the security, the securityholder should be treated as realizing a loss equal to the amount of the difference, and the loss may be treated as a capital loss.

Reporting and Other Administrative Matters

Solely for purposes of the administrative provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, a REMIC will be treated as a partnership and holders of REMIC Residual Securities will be treated as partners. The master servicer, the servicer, or the REMIC administrator, as applicable, will file REMIC federal income tax returns on behalf of the related REMIC and will act as the “tax matters person” for the REMIC in all respects, and may hold a nominal amount of REMIC Residual Securities.

As the tax matters person, the master servicer, the servicer, or the REMIC administrator, as applicable, will have the authority to act on behalf of the REMIC and the holders of REMIC Residual Securities in connection with the administrative and judicial review of items of income,

 

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deduction, gain or loss of the REMIC, as well as the REMIC’s classification. Holders of REMIC Residual Securities will be required to report the REMIC items consistently with their treatment on the related REMIC’s tax return and may in some circumstances be bound by a settlement agreement between the master servicer, the servicer, or the REMIC administrator, as applicable, as tax matters person, and the IRS concerning any REMIC item.

Adjustments made to the REMIC tax return may require a holder of a REMIC Residual Securities to make corresponding adjustments on its return, and an audit of the REMIC’s tax return, or the adjustments resulting from an audit, could result in an audit of the securityholder’s return. No REMIC will be registered as a tax shelter under Section 6111 of the Internal Revenue Code because it is not anticipated that any REMIC will have a net loss for any of the first five taxable years of its existence. Any person that holds a REMIC Residual Security as a nominee for another person may be required to furnish to the related REMIC, in a manner to be provided in Treasury regulations, the name and address of that person and other information.

Reporting of interest income, including any original issue discount, on REMIC Regular Securities is required annually, and may be required more frequently under Treasury regulations. These information reports are required to be sent to individual holders of regular Interests and the IRS; holders of REMIC Regular Securities that are corporations, trusts, securities dealers and other non-individuals will be provided interest and original issue discount income information and the information in the following paragraph on request in accordance with the requirements of the applicable regulations. The information must be provided by the later of 30 days after the end of the quarter for which the information was requested, or two weeks after the receipt of the request. The REMIC must also comply with rules requiring certain information to be reported to the IRS. Reporting for the REMIC Residual Securities, including income, excess inclusions, investment expenses and relevant information regarding qualification of the REMIC’s assets will be made as required under the Treasury regulations, typically on a quarterly basis.

As applicable, the REMIC Regular Security information reports will include a statement of the adjusted issue price of the REMIC Regular Security at the beginning of each accrual period. In addition, the reports will include information required by regulations for computing the accrual of any market discount. Because exact computation of the accrual of market discount on a constant yield method requires information relating to the holder’s purchase price that the master servicer or the servicer will not have, the regulations only require that information pertaining to the appropriate proportionate method of accruing market discount be provided. See “—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities—Market Discount.”

The responsibility for complying with the foregoing reporting rules will be borne by the master servicer or the servicer. Securityholders may request any information with respect to the returns described in Section 1.6049-7(e)(2) of the Treasury regulations. Any request should be directed to the master servicer or the servicer at Residential Funding Company, LLC, 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 250, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437.

Backup Withholding with Respect to Securities

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Revenue Code if recipients of payments fail to furnish to the payor certain information, including their taxpayer identification numbers, or otherwise fail to establish an exemption from the tax. Any amounts deducted and withheld from a distribution to a recipient would be allowed as a credit against the recipient’s federal income tax. Furthermore, penalties may be imposed by the IRS on a recipient of payments that is required to supply information but that does not do so in the proper manner.

Foreign Investors in REMIC Regular Securities

A holder of a REMIC Regular Security that is not a United States person and is not subject to federal income tax as a result of any direct or indirect connection to the United States in addition to its ownership of a REMIC Regular Security will not be subject to United States federal income or withholding tax on a distribution on a REMIC Regular Security, provided that the holder complies to the extent necessary with certain identification requirements, including delivery of a statement, signed by the securityholder under penalties of perjury, certifying that the securityholder is not a United States person and providing the name and address of the securityholder; this statement is generally made on IRS Form W-8BEN and must be updated whenever required information has changed or within three calendar years after the statement is first delivered. For these purposes, United States person means a citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation, partnership or other entity created or organized in, or under the laws of, the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, except, in the case of a partnership, to the extent provided in regulations, provided that, for purposes solely of the restrictions on the transfer of the residual interests, no partnership or other entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes shall be treated as a United State person unless all persons that own an interest in such partnership either directly or through any entity that is not a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes are required by the applicable operating agreement to be United States persons, or an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source, or a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. To the extent prescribed in regulations by the Secretary of the Treasury which regulations have not yet been issued, a trust which was in existence on August 20, 1996 (other than a trust treated as owned by the grantor under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code), and which was treated as a United States person on August 19, 1996, may elect to continue to be treated as a United States person regardless of the previous sentence. It is possible that the IRS may assert that the foregoing tax exemption should not apply to a REMIC Regular Security held by a holder of a REMIC Residual Securities that owns directly or indirectly a 10% or greater interest in the REMIC Residual Securities. If the holder does not qualify for exemption, distributions of interest, including distributions of accrued original issue discount, to the holder may be subject to a tax rate of 30%, subject to reduction under any applicable tax treaty.

Special rules apply to partnerships, estates and trusts, and in certain circumstances certifications as to foreign status and other matters may be required to be provided by partners and beneficiaries thereof.

In addition, the foregoing rules will not apply to exempt a United States shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation from taxation on the United States shareholder’s allocable portion of the interest income received by the controlled foreign corporation.

 

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Further, it appears that a REMIC Regular Security would not be included in the estate of a nonresident alien individual and would not be subject to United States estate taxes. However, securityholders who are nonresident alien individuals are encouraged to consult their tax advisors concerning this question.

Transfers of REMIC Residual Securities to investors that are not United States persons will be prohibited under the related pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement.

Non-REMIC Notes

Status as Real Property Loans. Non-REMIC Notes held by a domestic building and loan association will not constitute “loans . . . secured by an interest in real property” within the meaning of Code Section 7701(a)(19)(C)(v). Non-REMIC Notes held by a real estate investment trust will not constitute real estate assets within the meaning of Code Section 856(c)(5)(B). Interest on notes will not be considered “interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property” within the meaning of Code Section 856(c)(3)(B).

Taxation of Noteholders. Non-REMIC Notes generally will be subject to the same rules of taxation as REMIC Regular Securities issued by a REMIC, except that (1) income reportable on the notes is not required to be reported under the accrual method unless the holder otherwise uses the accrual method and (2) the special rule treating a portion of the gain on sale or exchange of a REMIC Regular Certificate as ordinary income is inapplicable to the notes. See “—Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Securities” and “—Matters Relevant to Holders of All REMIC Securities—Sales of REMIC Securities” above. Also, interest paid on a Non-REMIC note to a noteholder that is not a United States Person will normally qualify for the exception from United States withholding tax described in “—Matters Relevant to Holders of All REMIC Securities—Foreign Investors in REMIC Securities” above, except, in addition to the exceptions noted in that section, where the recipient is a holder, directly or by attribution, of 10% or more of the capital or profits interest in the issuer.

STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES

In addition to the federal income tax consequences described in “Material Federal Income Tax Consequences,” potential investors should consider the state and local tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the certificates offered hereunder. State tax and local law may differ substantially from the corresponding federal tax law, and the discussion above does not purport to describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state or other jurisdiction. Therefore, prospective investors are encouraged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the various tax consequences of investments in the certificates offered hereby.

ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

Sections 404 and 406 of ERISA, impose fiduciary and prohibited transaction restrictions on employee pension and welfare benefit plans subject to ERISA and on various other retirement plans and arrangements, including bank collective investment funds and insurance company general and separate accounts in which those employee benefit plans and arrangements are invested. Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes essentially the same prohibited transaction restrictions on certain tax-favored plans, including tax-qualified retirement plans described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and individual retirement accounts described in Section 408 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

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Some employee benefit plans, including governmental plans, as defined in Section 3(32) of ERISA, and, if no election has been made under Section 410(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, church plans, as defined in Section 3(33) of ERISA, are not subject to the ERISA requirements discussed in this prospectus. Accordingly, assets of these plans may be invested in securities without regard to the ERISA considerations described below, subject to the provisions of applicable federal and state law. Any plan that is a tax-qualified plan and exempt from taxation under Sections 401(a) and 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, however, is subject to the prohibited transaction rules in Section 503(b) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Section 404 of ERISA imposes general fiduciary requirements, including those of investment prudence and diversification and the requirement that a Plan’s investment be made in accordance with the documents governing the plan. In addition, Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code prohibit a broad range of transactions involving assets of employee benefit plans and arrangements and tax-favored plans, which are collectively referred to in this prospectus as “ERISA plans,” and persons, called “parties in interest” under ERISA or “disqualified persons” under the Internal Revenue Code, which are collectively referred to in this prospectus as “parties in interest,” who have specified relationships to the ERISA plans, unless some statutory, regulatory or administrative exemption is available. Some parties in interest that participate in a prohibited transaction may be subject to a penalty, or an excise tax, imposed under Section 502(i) of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, unless some statutory, regulatory or administrative exemption is available for any transaction of this sort.

Plan Asset Regulations

An investment of assets of an ERISA plan in securities may cause the underlying mortgage loans, contracts, private securities or any other assets held in a trust or other entity to be deemed ERISA plan assets of the ERISA plan. The U.S. Department of Labor, or DOL, has promulgated regulations at 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101, as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA, concerning whether or not an ERISA plan’s assets would be deemed to include an interest in the underlying assets of an entity, including a trust, for purposes of applying the general fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, when an ERISA plan acquires an “equity interest” in that entity. The DOL regulations define the term “equity interest” as any interest in an entity other than an instrument which is treated as indebtedness under applicable local law and which has no “substantial equity features.”

Exceptions contained in the DOL regulations provide that an ERISA plan’s assets will not include an undivided interest in each asset of an entity in which it makes an equity investment if:

 

   

the entity is an operating company;

 

   

the equity investment made by the ERISA plan is either a “publicly-offered security” that is “widely held,” both as defined in the DOL regulations, or a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; or

 

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“benefit plan investors” do not own 25% or more in value of any class of equity interests issued by the entity. For this purpose, “benefit plan investors” include ERISA plans and any entity whose underlying assets include ERISA plan assets by reason of an ERISA plan’s investment in the entity.

Some of the rules contained in the DOL regulations provide that ERISA plan assets may be deemed to include an undivided interest in each asset of an entity, such as a trust, in which an ERISA plan makes an equity investment. Therefore, unless the accompanying prospectus supplement indicates otherwise, ERISA plans and entities deemed to hold ERISA plan assets should not acquire or hold certificates, or notes which may be deemed to have “substantial equity features,” in reliance upon the availability of any exception under the DOL regulations described above. For purposes of this section, the terms “ERISA plan assets” and “assets of an ERISA plan” have the meanings assigned in the DOL regulations and include an undivided interest in the underlying assets of entities in which an ERISA plan holds an equity interest.

Under the DOL regulations, the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code may apply to a trust and cause the depositor, the master servicer, any servicer, any subservicer, the Administrator, the trustee, the owner trustee, the indenture trustee, the obligor under any credit enhancement mechanism or affiliates of those entities to be considered or become parties in interest for an investing ERISA plan or an ERISA plan holding an interest in an ERISA-subject investment entity. If so, the acquisition or holding of securities by or on behalf of the investing ERISA plan could also give rise to a prohibited transaction under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, unless some statutory, regulatory or administrative exemption is available. Securities acquired by an ERISA plan would be assets of that ERISA plan. Under the DOL regulations, a trust, including the mortgage loans, private securities or any other assets held in the trust, may also be deemed to be assets of each ERISA plan that acquires certificates or notes deemed to have “substantial equity features.” Special caution should be exercised before ERISA plan assets are used to acquire a security in those circumstances, especially if, for the ERISA plan assets, the depositor, the master servicer, any servicer, any subservicer, the Administrator, the trustee, the obligor under any credit enhancement mechanism or an affiliate thereof either:

 

   

has investment discretion with respect to the investment of the ERISA plan assets; or

 

   

has authority or responsibility to give, or regularly gives, investment advice (direct or indirect) with respect to the ERISA plan assets for a fee under an agreement or understanding that this advice will serve as a primary basis for investment decisions with respect to the ERISA plan assets.

Any person who has discretionary authority or control with respect to the management or disposition of ERISA plan assets, and any person who provides investment advice with respect to the ERISA plan assets for a fee (in the manner described above), is a fiduciary of the investing ERISA plan. If the mortgage loans, private securities or any other assets held in a trust were to constitute ERISA plan assets, then any party exercising management or discretionary control with

 

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respect to those ERISA plan assets may be deemed to be a “fiduciary,” and thus subject to the general fiduciary requirements of ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, for any investing ERISA plan. In addition, if the mortgage loans, private securities or any other assets held in a trust were to constitute ERISA plan assets, then the acquisition or holding of securities by, or on behalf of an ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets, as well as the operation of the trust, may constitute or result in a prohibited transaction under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Prohibited Transaction Exemptions

The DOL has issued an individual prohibited transaction exemption, or PTE, 94-29, 59 Fed. Reg. 14674 (March 29, 1994), as most recently amended by PTE 2002-41, 67 Fed. Reg. 54487 (August 22, 2002), referred to as the Issuer Exemption, to Residential Funding Company, LLC and a number of its affiliates. The Issuer Exemption generally exempts from the application of some of the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, various transactions, among others, relating to the servicing and operation of pools of secured obligations of some types, including mortgage loans, contracts and private securities, which are held in a trust or by another “issuer” and the purchase, sale and holding of pass-through certificates or debt instruments, collectively referred to in this section as “securities,” issued by a trust or other issuer as to which:

 

   

the depositor or any of its affiliates is the sponsor if any entity which has received from the DOL an individual prohibited transaction exemption which is similar to the Issuer Exemption is the sole underwriter, a manager or co-manager of the underwriting syndicate or a selling or placement agent; or

 

   

the depositor or an affiliate is the underwriter or placement agent,

provided that the conditions described in the Issuer Exemption are satisfied. For purposes of this section, the term “underwriter” includes:

 

   

the depositor and a number of its affiliates;

 

   

any person directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controlling, controlled by or under common control with the depositor and a number of its affiliates;

 

   

any member of the underwriting syndicate or selling group of which a person described in the two clauses just above is a manager or co-manager with respect to a class of securities; or

 

   

any entity which has received from the DOL an exemption called an asset-backed exemption relating to securities which is substantially similar to the Issuer Exemption.

The Issuer Exemption sets forth several general conditions (certain of which are described below) which must be satisfied for a transaction involving the purchase, sale and holding of certificates to be eligible for exemptive relief thereunder.

 

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The certificates issued by an issuer must represent a beneficial ownership interest in the assets of an issuer that is a trust and which interest entitles the holder of the certificates to certain payments with respect to the assets of the trust.

 

   

The assets of the trust must consist solely of certain types of obligations, property, cash accounts or certain permitted contractual rights. There are six permitted types of obligations including certain consumer receivables, credit instruments, obligations secured by residential or commercial real property, obligations secured by motor vehicles or equipment, guaranteed governmental mortgage pool certificates and fractional undivided interests in any of the above. Permitted contractual rights include rights of the trustee under the relevant pooling and servicing agreement, rights under any insurance policies, and rights under eligible yield supplement agreements, eligible swap agreements or other credit support arrangements. The Issuer Exemption also requires that each trust meet the following requirements:

 

   

the trust must consist solely of assets of the type that have been included in other investment pools;

 

   

securities evidencing interests in those other investment pools must have been rated in one of the four highest categories of one of the exemption rating agencies for at least one year prior to the acquisition of certificates by or on behalf of an ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets in reliance on an asset-backed exemption; and

 

   

securities in the other investment pools must have been purchased by investors other than ERISA plans for at least one year prior to any acquisition of certificates by or on behalf of an ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets in reliance on an asset-backed exemption.

 

   

The acquisition of certificates by an ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets must be on terms that are at least as favorable to the ERISA plan as they would be in an arm’s length transaction with an unrelated party.

 

   

Certificates must evidence rights and interests that are not subordinated to the rights and interests evidenced by the other certificates of the same trust, unless none of the mortgage loans or other assets has an LTV ratio or CLTV ratio that exceeds 100% at the date of issuance of the certificates.

 

   

At the time of acquisition by an ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets, the certificates must be rated in one of the four highest generic rating categories by Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc., Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or Fitch Ratings, called the exemption rating agencies, if none of the mortgage loans or other assets has an LTV ratio or CLTV ratio that exceeds 100% at the date of issuance of the certificates.

 

   

If the LTV ratio or CLTV ratio of any one- to four-family residential mortgage loan or home equity loan held in the trust exceeds 100% but does not exceed 125% (based on fair market value at the date of issuance of the certificates), the certificates must (a) be rated in one of the two highest generic categories by the exemption rating agencies and (b) not be subordinate to other certificates issued by the issuer.

 

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The Issuer Exemption will not apply to any of the certificates if:

 

   

any mortgage loan or other asset held in the trust (other than a one- to four family residential mortgage loan or closed-end home equity loan) has an LTV ratio or CLTV ratio that exceeds 100% at the date of issuance of the certificates; or

 

   

any one- to four-family residential mortgage loan or closed-end home equity loan has an LTV ratio or CLTV ratio that exceeds 125% at the date of issuance of the certificates.

 

   

The trustee cannot be an affiliate of any other member of the restricted group (which consists of any underwriter, the depositor, the master servicer, the Certificate Administrator, any servicer, any subservicer, the trustee, the swap counterparty in any eligible swap arrangement and any mortgagor with respect to assets of a trust constituting more than 5% of the aggregate unamortized principal balance of the assets in the related trust as of the date of initial issuance of the certificates) other than an underwriter.

 

   

The sum of all payments made to and retained by the underwriters must represent not more than reasonable compensation for underwriting the certificates; the sum of all payments made to and retained by the depositor pursuant to the assignment of the assets to the related trust must represent not more than the fair market value of those obligations; and the sum of all payments made to and retained by the master servicer, the Certificate Administrator, any servicer and any subservicer must represent not more than reasonable compensation for that person’s services under the related pooling and servicing agreement or trust agreement and reimbursement of that person’s reasonable expenses in connection therewith.

 

   

The investing ERISA plan or ERISA plan asset investor must be an accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

   

For issuers other than common law trusts, the documents establishing the issuer and governing the transaction must contain provisions as described in the Issuer Exemption that are intended to protect the assets of the issuer from creditors of the depositor.

 

   

If a particular class of securities held by an ERISA plan involves a “ratings dependent swap” or a “non-ratings dependent swap” (collectively, a “swap” or “swap agreement”) entered into by the trust that issued such securities, then each particular swap transaction relating to such securities must be (a) an “eligible swap,” (b) with an “eligible counterparty,” (c) meet certain additional conditions which depend on whether the swap is a “ratings dependent swap” or a “non-ratings dependent swap” and (d) permit the trust to make termination payments to the swap counterparty (other than currently scheduled payments) solely from excess spread or amounts otherwise payable to the servicer, depositor or seller. Securities to which one or more swap agreements apply may be acquired or held only by “qualified plan investors.”

 

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An “eligible swap” is one which (a) is denominated in U.S. dollars, (b) pursuant to which the trust pays or receives on or immediately prior to the respective payment or distribution date for the class of securities to which the swap relates, a fixed rate of interest or a floating rate of interest based on a publicly available index (e.g., LIBOR or the U.S. Federal Reserve’s Cost of Funds Index (COFI)), with the trust receiving such payments on at least a quarterly basis and obligated to make separate payments no more frequently than the counterparty, with all simultaneous payments being netted (“allowable interest rate”), (c) has a notional amount that does not exceed either (i) the principal balance of the class of securities to which the swap related, or (ii) the portion of the principal balance of such class represented by obligations (“allowable notional amount”), (d) is not leveraged (i.e., payments are based on the applicable notional amount, the day count fractions, the fixed or floating rates permitted above, and the difference between the products thereof, calculated on a one-to-one ratio and not on a multiplier of such difference) (“leveraged”), (e) has a final termination date that is either the earlier of the date on which the issuer terminates or the related class of securities are fully repaid, and (f) does not incorporate any provision which could cause a unilateral alteration in the requirements described in (a) through (d) above.

An “eligible counterparty” means a bank or other financial institution which has a rating at the date of issuance of the securities which is in one of the three highest long-term credit rating categories, or one of the two highest short-term credit rating categories, utilized by at least one of the exemption rating agencies rating the securities; provided that, if a counterparty is relying on its short-term rating to establish eligibility, such counterparty must either have a long-term rating in one of the three highest long-term rating categories or not have a long-term rating from the applicable exemption rating agency.

A “qualified plan investor” is a plan for which the decision to buy such class of securities is made by an independent fiduciary qualified to understand the swap transaction and the effect the swap would have on the rating of the securities, which fiduciary must (a) be a “qualified professional asset manager” (“QPAM”) under PTCE 84-14, (b) be an “in-house asset manager” under PTCE 96-23, or (c) have total assets (both plan and non-plan) under management of at least $100 million at the time the securities are acquired by the plan.

In “ratings dependent swaps” (where the rating of a class of securities is dependent on the terms and conditions of the swap and the rating of the counterparty), the swap agreement must provide that if the credit rating of the counterparty is withdrawn or reduced by any exemption rating agency below a level specified by the exemption rating agency, the servicer must, within the period specified under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement (a) obtain a replacement swap agreement with an eligible counterparty which is acceptable to the exemption rating agency and the terms of which are substantially the same as the current swap agreement (at which time the earlier swap agreement must terminate), or (b) cause the swap counterparty to establish any collateralization or other arrangement satisfactory to the exemption rating agency such that the then current rating by the exemption rating agency of the particular class of securities will not be withdrawn or reduced (and the terms of the swap agreement must specifically obligate the counterparty to perform these duties for any class of securities with a term of more than one year). In the event that the servicer fails to meet these obligations, holders of the securities that are employee benefit plans or other retirement

 

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arrangements must be notified in the immediately following periodic report which is provided to the holders of the securities but in no event later than the end of the second month beginning after the date of such failure. Sixty days after the receipt of such report, the exemptive relief provided under the underwriter exemption will prospectively cease to be applicable to any class of securities held by an employee benefit plan or other retirement arrangement which involves such ratings dependent swap.

“Non-ratings dependent swaps” (those where the rating of the securities does not depend on the terms and conditions of the swap or the rating of the counterparty) are subject to the following conditions. If the credit rating of the counterparty is withdrawn or reduced below the lowest level permitted above, the servicer will, within a specified period after such rating withdrawal or reduction (a) obtain a replacement swap agreement with an eligible counterparty, the terms of which are substantially the same as the current swap agreement (at which time the earlier swap agreement must terminate), (b) cause the counterparty to post collateral with the trust in an amount equal to all payments owed by the counterparty if the swap transaction were terminated, or (c) terminate the swap agreement in accordance with its terms. With respect to a non-ratings dependent swap, each exemption rating agency must confirm, as of the date of issuance of securities by the Trust, that entering into such swap will not affect the rating of the securities.

The Issuer Exemption also permits yield supplement agreements to be assets of a trust fund if certain conditions are satisfied.

An “eligible yield supplement agreement” is any yield supplement agreement or similar arrangement or (if purchased by or on behalf of the trust) an interest rate cap contract to supplement the interest rates otherwise payable on obligations held by the trust fund (“EYS Agreement”). If the EYS Agreement has a notional principal amount, the EYS Agreement may only be held as an asset of the trust fund if it meets the following conditions: (a) it is denominated in U.S. dollars; (b) it pays an allowable interest rate; (c) it is not leveraged; (d) it does not allow any of these three preceding requirements to be unilaterally altered without the consent of the trustee; (e) it is entered into between the trust and an eligible counterparty; and (f) it has an allowable notional amount.

The exemptive relief afforded by the Issuer Exemption does not apply to any securities where the related trust contains revolving credit loans or unsecured loans. In addition, except as otherwise specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, the exemptive relief afforded by the Issuer Exemption may not apply to any securities where the related trust contains certain purchase obligations, a swap, a yield maintenance agreement, a pre-funding arrangement or Mexico Loans.

An ERISA plan fiduciary or other investor of ERISA plan assets contemplating purchasing securities must make its own determination that the general conditions described above will be satisfied with respect to those securities. In the case of notes, additional conditions to the exemptive relief available under the Issuer Exemption require that customary bankruptcy law opinions be provided to the trustee and that the trust agreement include specified bankruptcy law related protections for the noteholders. Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement related to an issuance of notes, the depositor expects that those additional conditions will be satisfied.

 

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If the general conditions of the Issuer Exemption are satisfied, the Issuer Exemption may provide an exemption, from the application of the prohibited transaction provisions of Sections 406(a) and 407(a) of ERISA and Sections 4975(c)(1)(A) through (D) of the Internal Revenue Code, in connection with the direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, holding or the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of securities by an ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets. However, no exemption is provided from the restrictions of Sections 406(a)(1)(E) and 406(a)(2) of ERISA for the acquisition or holding of a security by an excluded ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets of an excluded ERISA plan by any person who has discretionary authority or renders investment advice with respect to ERISA plan assets of the excluded ERISA plan. For purposes of the securities, an “excluded ERISA plan” is an ERISA plan sponsored by any member of the restricted group.

If certain additional conditions of the Issuer Exemption are also satisfied, the Issuer Exemption may provide an exemption, from the application of the prohibited transaction provisions of Sections 406(b)(1) and (b)(2) of ERISA and Section 4975(c)(1)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code, in connection with:

 

   

the direct or indirect sale, exchange or transfer of securities in the initial issuance of securities between the depositor or an underwriter and an ERISA plan when the person who has discretionary authority or renders investment advice with respect to the investment of the relevant ERISA plan assets in the certificates is:

 

   

a borrower with respect to 5% or less of the fair market value of the assets of a trust; or

 

   

an affiliate of that person,

provided that, if the securities are acquired in connection with their initial issuance, the quantitative restrictions described in the Issuer Exemption are met;

 

   

the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of securities by an ERISA plan or by a person investing ERISA plan assets; and

 

   

the holding of securities by an ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets.

Additionally, if specific conditions of the Issuer Exemption are satisfied, the Issuer Exemption may provide an exemption, from the application of the prohibited transaction provisions of Sections 406(a), 406(b) and 407(a) of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, for transactions in connection with the servicing, management and operation of the mortgage pools or contract pools. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the depositor expects that the specific conditions of the Issuer Exemption required for this purpose should be satisfied with respect to the securities so that the Issuer Exemption should provide an exemption, from the application of the prohibited transaction provisions of Sections 406(a) and (b) of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, for transactions in connection with the servicing, management and operation of the mortgage pools and contract pools, provided that the general conditions of the Issuer Exemption are satisfied.

 

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The Issuer Exemption also may provide an exemption, from the application of the prohibited transaction provisions of Sections 406(a) and 407(a) of ERISA and Sections 4975(c)(1)(A) through (D) of the Internal Revenue Code, if those restrictions are deemed to otherwise apply merely because a person is deemed to be a party in interest with respect to an investing ERISA plan, or an ERISA plan holding interests in the investing entity holding ERISA plan assets, by virtue of providing services to the ERISA plan or by virtue of having specified relationships to such a person, solely as a result of the ERISA plan’s ownership of securities.

Before purchasing a security, a fiduciary or other investor of ERISA plan assets should itself confirm that the certificates or notes constitute “securities” for purposes of the Issuer Exemption and that the specific and general conditions and the other requirements described in the Issuer Exemption would be satisfied. In addition to making its own determination as to the availability of the exemptive relief provided in the Issuer Exemption, the fiduciary or other ERISA plan asset investor should consider its general fiduciary obligations under ERISA in determining whether to purchase any securities with ERISA plan assets.

Any fiduciary or other ERISA plan asset investor that proposes to purchase securities on behalf of an ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets should consult with its counsel on the potential applicability of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code to that investment and the availability of the Issuer Exemption or any DOL prohibited transaction class exemption, or PTCE, in connection therewith. In particular, in connection with a contemplated purchase of certificates representing a beneficial ownership interest in a pool of single-family residential first or second mortgage loans or Agency Securities, the fiduciary or other ERISA plan asset investor should consider the availability of PTCE 83-1 for various transactions involving mortgage pool investment trusts. However, PTCE 83-1 does not provide exemptive relief with respect to securities evidencing interests in trusts which include mortgage loans secured by third or more junior liens, revolving credit loans, loans on unimproved land, contracts, Cooperative Loans, multifamily or mixed-use mortgage loans or some types of private securities, or which contain a swap, a pre-funding arrangement or Mexico Loans. In addition, the fiduciary or other ERISA plan asset investor should consider the availability of other class exemptions granted by the DOL, which provide relief from certain of the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and the related excise tax provisions of Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, including PTCE 95-60, regarding transactions by insurance company general accounts; PTCE 84-14, regarding transactions effected by a “qualified professional asset manager”; PTCE 90-1, regarding transactions by insurance company pooled separate accounts; PTCE 91-38, regarding investments by bank collective investment funds; and PTCE 96-23, regarding transactions effected by an “in-house asset manager” (each, an “Investor-Based Exemption”). In addition to the Investor-Based Exemptions listed above, Section 408(b)(17) of ERISA provides a statutory exemption for certain prohibited transactions between an ERISA plan and a person or an entity that is a party in interest to such ERISA plan (other than a party in interest that is a fiduciary, or its affiliate, that has or exercises discretionary authority or control or renders investment advice with respect to the assets of the ERISA plan involved in the transaction) solely by reason of providing services to the ERISA plan, but only if the ERISA plan pays no more, or receives no less, than adequate consideration (the “Service Provider Exemption”). The Investor-Based Exemptions and the Service Provider Exemption may not provide exemptive relief for all transactions for which exemptive relief is provided by the Issuer Exemption. The accompanying prospectus supplement may contain additional information regarding the application of the Issuer Exemption, the Investor-Based Exemptions, other DOL exemptions or the Service Provider

 

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Exemption for the securities offered thereby. There can be no assurance that any of these exemptions will apply with respect to any particular ERISA plan’s or other ERISA plan asset investor’s investment in the securities or, even if an exemption were deemed to apply, that any exemption would apply to all prohibited transactions that may occur in connection with this form of investment.

Considerations for ERISA Plans Regarding the Purchase of Notes

An ERISA plan fiduciary or other ERISA plan asset investor considering an investment in notes should consider the availability of some class exemptions granted by the DOL, which provide relief from some of the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and the related excise tax provisions of Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, including the Investor-Based Exemptions listed above. The Issuer Exemption may also be available to exempt the investment in notes, provided that the conditions described in “Prohibited Transaction Exemptions” are satisfied and prior to the issuance of any notes, a legal opinion is received which states that the noteholders have a perfected security interest in the Issuer’s assets. The accompanying prospectus supplement may contain additional information regarding the application of the Investor-Based Exemptions, the Issuer Exemption, other DOL exemptions or the Service Provider Exemption for notes offered by this prospectus.

Insurance Company General Accounts

Insurance companies contemplating the investment of general account assets in the securities should consult with their legal advisors with respect to the applicability of Section 401(c) of ERISA. The DOL issued final regulations under Section 401(c) which were published in the Federal Register on January 5, 2000 and became generally applicable on July 5, 2001.

Representations From Investing ERISA Plans

If the criteria specified in the Issuer Exemption as described above are not satisfied by (a) one or more classes of certificates, or (b) a trust or the mortgage loans, contracts, mortgage securities and other assets held by the trust, then the accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether or not transfers of those certificates to (i) an ERISA plan, (ii) a trustee or other person acting on behalf of any ERISA plan, or (iii) any other person using ERISA plan assets to effect the acquisition, will be registered by the trustee, and whether or not such registration shall be subject to the condition that the transferee provides the depositor, the trustee and the master servicer with an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the depositor, the trustee and the master servicer, which opinion will not be at the expense of the depositor, the trustee or the master servicer, that the purchase of the certificates by or on behalf of the ERISA plan or with ERISA plan assets:

 

   

is permissible under applicable law;

 

   

will not constitute or result in any non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code; and

 

   

will not subject the depositor, the trustee or the master servicer to any obligation in addition to those undertaken in the pooling and servicing or trust agreement.

 

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Except as otherwise specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, each beneficial owner of a subordinate security offered by this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement (or any interest therein) shall be deemed to have represented, by virtue of its acquisition or holding of such security (or interest therein), that either:

 

   

it is not an ERISA plan, a trustee or other person acting on behalf of an ERISA plan, or any other person using ERISA plan assets to effect such acquisition or holding;

 

   

it has acquired and is holding such subordinate securities in reliance on the Issuer Exemption and it understands that there are certain conditions to the availability of the Issuer Exemption including that the subordinate securities must be rated, at the time of acquisition, in one of the four highest generic rating categories by at least one of the exemption rating agencies; or

 

   

(1) such acquirer or holder is an insurance company, (2) the source of funds used to acquire or hold such security (or interest therein) is an “insurance company general account” (as defined in PTCE 95-60), and (3) the conditions set forth in Section I and III of PTCE 95-60 have been satisfied.

If any subordinate security (or any interest therein) is acquired or held in violation of the conditions described in the preceding paragraph, the next preceding permitted beneficial owner will be treated as the beneficial owner of the subordinate security, retroactive to the date of transfer to the purported beneficial owner. Any purported beneficial owner whose acquisition or holding of any subordinate security (or interest therein) was effected in violation of the conditions described in the preceding paragraph shall indemnify and hold harmless the depositor, the trustee, the master servicer, any subservicer and the trust from and against any and all liabilities, claims, costs or expenses incurred by such parties as a result of such acquisition or holding.

Tax-Exempt Investors; REMIC Residual Securities

An ERISA plan that is a Tax-Exempt Investor nonetheless will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent that its income is “unrelated business taxable income,” or UBTI, within the meaning of Section 512 of the Internal Revenue Code. All “excess inclusions” of a REMIC allocated to a REMIC Residual Security held by a Tax-Exempt Investor will be considered UBTI and thus will be subject to federal income tax. See “Material Federal Income Tax Consequences – Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual Securities – Excess Inclusions.” Income as to certificates and other equity interests in a trust which has issued notes would be “debt-financed income” and therefore would be UBTI for ERISA plans investing in those equity interests. In addition, the exemptive relief afforded by the Issuer Exemption does not apply to the purchase, sale or holding of any class of REMIC Residual Securities.

Consultation With Counsel

There can be no assurance that the Issuer Exemption or any other DOL exemption will apply with respect to any particular ERISA plan that acquires the securities or, even if all of the specified conditions were satisfied, that the exemption would apply to all transactions involving a trust. Prospective ERISA plan investors should consult with their legal counsel concerning the impact of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code and the potential consequences to their specific circumstances prior to making an investment in the securities.

 

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Before purchasing a security in reliance on any DOL exemption, a fiduciary of an ERISA plan should itself confirm that all of the specific and general conditions described in the Issuer Exemption or one of the other DOL exemptions would be satisfied. Before purchasing a security or note in reliance on the Issuer Exemption, an ERISA plan fiduciary should itself confirm that the security or note constitutes a “security” for purposes of the Issuer Exemption. In addition to making its own determination as to the availability of the exemptive relief provided in the Issuer Exemption or any other DOL exemption, an ERISA plan fiduciary should consider its general fiduciary obligations under ERISA in determining whether to purchase a security on behalf of an ERISA plan.

LEGAL INVESTMENT MATTERS

Each class of securities offered hereby and by the accompanying prospectus supplement will be rated at the date of issuance in one of the four highest rating categories by at least one rating agency. If stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, classes that are, and continue to be, rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization will constitute “mortgage related securities” for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended, or SMMEA, and, as such, will be legal investments for persons, trusts, corporations, partnerships, associations, business trusts and business entities (including depository institutions, life insurance companies and pension funds) created under or existing under the laws of the United States or of any State whose authorized investments are subject to state regulation to the same extent that, under applicable law, obligations issued by or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof constitute legal investments for those entities. Under SMMEA, if a State enacted legislation on or prior to October 3, 1991 specifically limiting the legal investment authority of any of these entities for “mortgage related securities,” these securities will constitute legal investments for entities subject to the legislation only to the extent provided therein. Certain States enacted legislation which overrides the preemption provisions of SMMEA. SMMEA provides, however, that in no event will the enactment of any such legislation affect the validity of any contractual commitment to purchase, hold or invest in “mortgage related securities,” or require the sale or other disposition of the securities, so long as the contractual commitment was made or the securities acquired prior to the enactment of the legislation.

SMMEA also amended the legal investment authority of federally-chartered depository institutions as follows: federal savings and loan associations and federal savings banks may invest in, sell or otherwise deal with “mortgage related securities” without limitation as to the percentage of their assets represented thereby, federal credit unions may invest in these securities, and national banks may purchase these securities for their own account without regard to the limitations generally applicable to investment securities set forth in 12 U.S.C. §24 (Seventh), subject in each case to any regulations that the applicable federal regulatory authority may prescribe.

The 1998 Policy Statement was adopted by the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the FDIC, the National Credit Union Administration, or NCUA and the OTS with an effective date of May 26, 1998. The 1998 Policy Statement rescinded a 1992

 

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policy statement that had required, prior to purchase, a depository institution to determine whether a mortgage derivative product that it was considering acquiring was high-risk, and, if so, required that the proposed acquisition would reduce the institution’s overall interest rate risk. The 1998 Policy Statement eliminates constraints on investing in certain “high-risk” mortgage derivative products and substitutes broader guidelines for evaluating and monitoring investment risk.

The OTS has issued Thrift Bulletin 73a, entitled “Investing in Complex Securities” or TB 73a, which is effective as of December 18, 2001 and applies to savings associations regulated by the OTS, and Thrift Bulletin 13a, entitled “Management of Interest Rate Risk, Investment Securities, and Derivatives Activities”, or TB 13a, which is effective as of December 1, 1998, and applies to thrift institutions regulated by the OTS.

One of the primary purposes of TB 73a is to require savings associations, prior to taking any investment position, to determine that the investment position meets applicable regulatory and policy requirements (including those set forth TB 13a (see below)) and internal guidelines, is suitable for the institution, and is safe and sound. The OTS recommends, with respect to purchases of specific securities, additional analysis, including, among others, analysis of repayment terms, legal structure, expected performance of the issuer and any underlying assets as well as analysis of the effects of payment priority, with respect to a security which is divided into separate tranches with unequal payments, and collateral investment parameters, with respect to a security that is pre-funded or involves a revolving period. TB 73a reiterates the OTS’s due diligence requirements for investing in all securities and warns that if a savings association makes an investment that does not meet the applicable regulatory requirements, the savings association’s investment practices will be subject to criticism, and the OTS may require divestiture of such securities. The OTS also recommends, with respect to an investment in any complex securities, that savings associations should take into account quality and suitability, marketability, interest rate risk, and classification factors. For the purposes of each of TB 73a and TB 13a, “complex security” includes among other things any collateralized mortgage obligation or real estate mortgage investment conduit security, other than any “plain vanilla” mortgage pass-through security (that is, securities that are part of a single class of securities in the related pool that are non-callable and do not have any special features). Accordingly, all classes of the offered securities would likely be viewed as “complex securities.” With respect to quality and suitability factors, TB 73a warns:

 

   

that a savings association’s sole reliance on outside ratings for material purchases of complex securities is an unsafe and unsound practice,

 

   

that a savings association should only use ratings and analyses from nationally recognized rating agencies in conjunction with, and in validation of, its own underwriting processes, and

 

   

that it should not use ratings as a substitute for its own thorough underwriting analyses.

With respect the interest rate risk factor, TB 73a recommends that savings associations should follow the guidance set forth in TB 13a.

One of the primary purposes of TB 13a is to require thrift institutions, prior to taking any investment position, to:

 

   

conduct a pre-purchase portfolio sensitivity analysis for any “significant transaction” involving securities or financial derivatives, and

 

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conduct a pre-purchase price sensitivity analysis of any “complex security” or financial derivative.

The OTS recommends that while a thrift institution should conduct its own in-house pre-acquisition analysis, it may rely on an analysis conducted by an independent third party as long as management understands the analysis and its key assumptions. Further, TB 13a recommends that the use of “complex securities with high price sensitivity” be limited to transactions and strategies that lower a thrift institution’s portfolio interest rate risk. TB 13a warns that investment in complex securities by thrift institutions that do not have adequate risk measurement, monitoring and control systems may be viewed by the OTS examiners as an unsafe and unsound practice.

Prospective investors in the securities, including in particular the classes of securities that do not constitute “mortgage related securities” for purposes of SMMEA, should consider the matters discussed in the following paragraph.

There may be other restrictions on the ability of some investors either to purchase some classes of securities or to purchase any class of securities representing more than a specified percentage of the investors’ assets. The depositor will make no representations as to the proper characterization of any class of securities for legal investment or other purposes, or as to the ability of particular investors to purchase any class of securities under applicable legal investment restrictions. These uncertainties may adversely affect the liquidity of any class of securities. Accordingly, all investors whose investment activities are subject to legal investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements or review by regulatory authorities should consult with their own legal advisors in determining whether and to what extent the securities of any class constitute legal investments or are subject to investment, capital or other restrictions, and, if applicable, whether SMMEA has been overridden in any jurisdiction relevant to the investor.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Substantially all of the net proceeds to be received by the depositor from the sale of securities will be applied by the depositor to finance the purchase of, or to repay short-term loans incurred to finance the purchase of, the loans underlying the securities or will be used by the depositor for general corporate purposes. The depositor expects that it will make additional sales of securities similar to the securities from time to time, but the timing and amount of any additional offerings will be dependent on a number of factors, including the volume of loans purchased by the depositor, prevailing interest rates, availability of funds and general market conditions.

METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION

The securities offered hereby and by the accompanying prospectus supplements will be offered in series through one or more of the methods described below. The prospectus supplement prepared for each series will describe the method of offering being utilized for that series and will state the net proceeds to the depositor from that sale.

 

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The depositor intends that securities will be offered through the following methods from time to time and that offerings may be made concurrently through more than one of these methods or that an offering of a particular series of securities may be made through a combination of two or more of the following methods:

 

   

by negotiated firm commitment or best efforts underwriting and public re-offering by underwriters;

 

   

by placements by the depositor with institutional investors through dealers; and

 

   

by direct placements by the depositor with institutional investors.

In addition, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, a series of securities may be offered in whole or in part in exchange for the loans, and other assets, if applicable, that would comprise the trust securing the securities.

If underwriters are used in a sale of any securities, other than in connection with an underwriting on a best efforts basis, the securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at fixed public offering prices or at varying prices to be determined at the time of sale or at the time of commitment therefor. These underwriters may be broker-dealers affiliated with the depositor whose identities and relationships to the depositor will be as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The managing underwriter or underwriters for the offer and sale of a particular series of securities will be set forth on the cover of the prospectus supplement relating to that series and the members of the underwriting syndicate, if any, will be named in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters may receive compensation from the depositor or from purchasers of the securities in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters and dealers participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters in connection with the securities, and any discounts or commissions received by them from the depositor and any profit on the resale of securities by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

It is anticipated that the underwriting agreement pertaining to the sale of any series of securities will provide that the obligations of the underwriters will be subject to certain conditions precedent, that the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities if any are purchased (other than in connection with an underwriting on a best efforts basis) and that, in limited circumstances, the depositor will indemnify the several underwriters and the underwriters will indemnify the depositor against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or will contribute to payments required to be made in respect thereof.

The prospectus supplement for any series offered by placements through dealers will contain information regarding the nature of the offering and any agreements to be entered into between the depositor and purchasers of securities of that series.

 

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The depositor anticipates that the securities offered hereby will be sold primarily to institutional investors or sophisticated non-institutional investors. Purchasers of securities, including dealers, may, depending on the facts and circumstances of the purchases, be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in connection with reoffers and sales by them of securities. Holders of securities should consult with their legal advisors in this regard prior to any reoffer or sale.

Securities offered hereby and by an accompanying prospectus supplement may be distributed in connection with resecuritization transactions. In a resecuritization transaction, securities offered hereby will be transferred to a trust (or other type of issuing entity) and securities backed by those securities will in turn be offered to investors. There can be no assurance that any class of securities offered hereby will be suitable for inclusion in a resecuritization transaction.

LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters, including certain federal income tax matters, will be passed on for the depositor by Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, New York, New York or by Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw LLP, as specified in the prospectus supplement.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The depositor has determined that its financial statements are not material to the offering made hereby. The securities do not represent an interest in or an obligation of the depositor. The depositor’s only obligations for a series of securities will be to repurchase certain loans on any breach of limited representations and warranties made by the depositor, or as otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The depositor has filed the registration statement file number 333-140609 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or Commission. The depositor and each issuing entity are also subject to some of the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, and, accordingly, each issuing entity will file reports thereunder with the Commission. The registration statement and the exhibits thereto, and reports and other information filed by the depositor pursuant to the Exchange Act can be read and copied at the Commission’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the Commission maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Commission at http://www.sec.gov. For purposes of any electronic version of this prospectus, the preceding uniform resource locator, or URL, is an inactive textual reference only. We have taken steps to ensure that this URL reference was inactive at the time the electronic version of this prospectus was created.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

The Commission allows the depositor to “incorporate by reference” the information filed with the Commission by the depositor, under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act,

 

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that relates to the trust fund for the securities. This means that the depositor can disclose important information to any investor by referring the investor to these documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information filed by the depositor with the Commission that relates to the trust fund for the securities will automatically update and supersede this information. Documents that may be incorporated by reference for a particular series of securities include an insurer’s financials, a certificate policy, mortgage pool policy, computational materials, collateral term sheets, the related pooling and servicing agreement and amendments thereto, other documents on Form 8-K and Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of Exchange Act as may be required in connection with the related trust fund.

At such time as may be required under relevant Commission rules and regulations, the depositor may provide static pool information, in response to Item 1105 of Regulation AB, through an Internet Web site, and if the depositor decides to provide information through such means, the applicable prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus will disclose the specific Internet address where such information is posted.

The depositor will provide or cause to be provided without charge to each person to whom this prospectus and accompanying prospectus supplement is delivered in connection with the offering of one or more classes of the related series of securities, on written or oral request of that person, a copy of any or all reports or information incorporated in this prospectus by reference, in each case to the extent the reports relate to one or more of the classes of the related series of securities, other than the exhibits to those documents, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents. Requests should be directed in writing to Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc., 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 250, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437, or by telephone at (952) 857-7000.

 

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GLOSSARY

1998 Policy Statement—The revised supervisory statement listing the guidelines for investments in “high risk mortgage securities,” and adopted by the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the FDIC, the National Credit Union Administration, or NCUA and the OTS with an effective date of May 26, 1998.

401(c) Regulations—The regulations the DOL is required to issue under Section 401(c) of ERISA, which were issued in final form on January 4, 2000.

Additional Balance—An additional principal balance in a revolving credit loan created by a Draw.

Additional Collateral—For an Additional Collateral Loan, (1) financial assets owned by the borrower, which will consist of securities, insurance policies, annuities, certificates of deposit, cash, accounts or similar assets and/or (2) a third party guarantee, usually by a relative of the borrower, which in turn is secured by a security interest in financial assets.

Additional Collateral Loans—A mortgage loan with an LTV ratio at origination in excess of 80%, but not greater than 100%, and secured by Additional Collateral in addition to the related Mortgaged Property and in lieu of any primary mortgage insurance.

Additional Collateral Requirement—The amount of Additional Collateral required for any Additional Collateral Loan, which in most cases will not exceed 30% of the principal amount of that mortgage loan.

Administrator—In addition to or in lieu of the master servicer or servicer for a series of notes, if specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, an administrator for the trust. The Administrator may be an affiliate of the depositor, the master servicer or the servicer.

Advance—As to a particular loan and any distribution date, an amount equal to the scheduled payments of principal (other than any Balloon Amount in the case of a Balloon Loan) and interest on the loan due during the related Due Period which was not received as of the close of business on the business day preceding the related determination date.

Agency Securities—Any securities issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae. Such Agency Securities may represent whole or partial interests in pools of (1) loans or (2) Agency Securities. The accompanying prospectus supplement will specify whether the Ginnie Mae securities will be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. None of the Freddie Mac securities or Fannie Mae securities will be backed, directly or indirectly, by the full faith and credit of the United States. Agency Securities may be backed by fixed or adjustable rate mortgage loans or other types of loans specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Balloon Amount—The full outstanding principal balance on a Balloon Loan due and payable on the maturity date.

Balloon Loans—Loans with level monthly payments of principal and interest based on a 30 year amortization schedule, or such other amortization schedule as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, and having original or modified terms to maturity shorter than the term of the related amortization schedule.

 

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Bankruptcy Amount—The amount of Bankruptcy Losses that may be borne solely by the credit enhancement of the related series.

Bankruptcy Losses—A Realized Loss attributable to certain actions which may be taken by a bankruptcy court in connection with a mortgage loan, including a reduction by a bankruptcy court of the principal balance of or the loan rate on a mortgage loan or an extension of its maturity.

Buy-Down Account—As to a Buy-Down Loan, the custodial account where Buy-Down Funds are deposited.

Buy-Down Funds—As to a Buy-Down Loan, the amount contributed by the seller of the Mortgaged Property or another source and placed in the Buy-Down Account.

Buy-Down Loan—A mortgage loan, other than a closed-end home equity loan, subject to a temporary buy-down plan.

Buy-Down Period—The early years of the term of or Buy-Down Loan when payments will be less than the scheduled monthly payments on the mortgage loan, the resulting difference to be made up from the Buy-Down Funds.

Call Class—A class of securities under which the holder will have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate the related trust, resulting in early retirement of the securities of the series.

Call Price—In the case of a call with respect to a Call Class, a price equal to 100% of the principal balance of the related securities as of the day of that purchase plus accrued interest at the applicable pass-through rate.

Call Security—Any security evidencing an interest in a Call Class.

Compensating Interest—For any loan that prepaid in full and, if stated in the accompanying prospectus supplement, in part, during the related prepayment period an additional payment made by the master servicer or the servicer, to the extent funds are available from the servicing fee or some investment earnings, equal to the amount of interest at the loan rate, less the servicing fee and Excluded Spread, if any, for that loan from the date of the prepayment to the related due date.

Convertible Mortgage Loan—ARM loans which allow the borrowers to convert the adjustable rates on those mortgage loans to a fixed rate at one or more specified periods during the life of the mortgage loans, in most cases not later than ten years subsequent to the date of origination.

Cooperative—For a Cooperative Loan, the corporation that owns the related apartment building.

 

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Cooperative Loans—Cooperative apartment loans evidenced by Cooperative Notes secured by security interests in shares issued by Cooperatives and in the related proprietary leases or occupancy agreements granting exclusive rights to occupy specific dwelling units in the related buildings.

Cooperative Notes—A promissory note with respect to a Cooperative Loan.

Credit Scores—A measurement of the relative degree of risk a borrower represents to a lender obtained from credit reports utilizing, among other things, payment history, delinquencies on accounts, levels of outstanding indebtedness, length of credit history, types of credit, and bankruptcy experience.

Credit Utilization Rate—For any revolving credit loan, the cut-off date principal balance of the revolving credit loan divided by the credit limit of the related credit line agreement.

Custodial Account—The custodial account or accounts created and maintained under the pooling and servicing agreement in the name of a depository institution, as custodian for the holders of the securities, for the holders of certain other interests in loans serviced or sold by the master servicer or the servicer and for the master servicer or the servicer, into which the amounts shall be deposited directly. Any such account shall be an Eligible Account.

Debt Service Reduction—Modifications of the terms of a loan resulting from a bankruptcy proceeding, including a reduction in the amount of the monthly payment on the related loan, but not any permanent forgiveness of principal.

Defaulted Mortgage Loss—A Realized Loss attributable to the borrower’s failure to make any payment of principal or interest as required under the mortgage note, but not including Special Hazard Losses, Extraordinary Losses or other losses resulting from damage to a mortgaged property, Bankruptcy Losses or Fraud Losses.

Deficient Valuation—In connection with the personal bankruptcy of a borrower, the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the first and junior lien loans and a lower value established by the bankruptcy court or any reduction in the amount of principal to be paid that results in a permanent forgiveness of principal.

Designated Seller Transaction—A transaction in which the loans are provided directly to the depositor by one or more unaffiliated or affiliated sellers described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Direct Puerto Rico Mortgage—For any loan secured by mortgaged property located in Puerto Rico, a Mortgage to secure a specific obligation for the benefit of a specified person.

Disqualified Organization—As used in this prospectus means:

 

   

the United States, any State or political subdivision thereof, any foreign government, any international organization, or any agency or instrumentality of the foregoing (but does not include instrumentalities described in Section 168(h)(2)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation),

 

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any organization (other than a cooperative described in Section 521 of the Internal Revenue Code) that is exempt from federal income tax, unless it is subject to the tax imposed by Section 511 of the Internal Revenue Code, or

 

   

any organization described in Section 1381(a)(2)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Distribution Amount—For a class of securities for any distribution date, the portion, if any, of the amount to be distributed to that class for that distribution date of principal, plus, if the class is entitled to payments of interest on that distribution date, interest accrued during the related interest accrual period at the applicable pass-through rate on the principal balance or notional amount of that class specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, less certain interest shortfalls, which will include:

 

   

any deferred interest added to the principal balance of the mortgage loans and/or the outstanding balance of one or more classes of securities on the related due date;

 

   

any other interest shortfalls, including, without limitation, shortfalls resulting from application of the Relief Act or similar legislation or regulations as in effect from time to time, allocable to securityholders which are not covered by advances or the applicable credit enhancement; and

 

   

Prepayment Interest Shortfalls not covered by Compensating Interest, in each case in an amount that is allocated to that class on the basis set forth in the prospectus supplement.

Draw—Money drawn by the borrower in most cases with either checks or credit cards, subject to applicable law, on a revolving credit loan under the related credit line agreement at any time during the Draw Period.

Draw Period—The period specified in the related credit line agreement when a borrower on a revolving credit loan may make a Draw.

Due Period—As to any distribution date, the period starting on the second day of the month prior to such distribution date, and ending on the first day of the month of such distribution date or such other period as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Eligible Account—An account acceptable to the applicable rating agency.

Endorsable Puerto Rico Mortgage—As to any loan secured by mortgaged property located in Puerto Rico, a mortgage to secure an instrument transferable by endorsement.

Environmental Lien—A lien imposed by federal or state statute, for any cleanup costs incurred by a state on the property that is the subject of the cleanup costs.

ERISA—Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

Excess Spread—A portion of interest due on the loans or securities transferred as part of the assets of the related trust as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

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Excluded Balance—That portion of the principal balance of a revolving credit loan, if any, not included in the Trust Balance at any time, which will include balances attributable to Draws after the cut-off date and may include a portion of the principal balance outstanding as of the cut-off date.

Excluded Spread—A portion of interest due on the loans or securities, excluded from the assets transferred to the related trust.

Extraordinary Loss—A Realized Loss resulting from damage to a mortgaged property that was occasioned by war, civil insurrection, certain governmental actions, nuclear reaction, or certain other risks.

Fraud Loss Amount—The amount of Fraud Losses that may be borne solely by the credit enhancement of the related series.

Fraud Losses—A Realized Loss incurred on defaulted loans as to which there was fraud in the origination of the loans.

Funding Account—An account established for the purpose of funding the transfer of additional loans into the related trust.

GEM Loan—A mortgage loan with monthly payments of principal and interest based on a 30 year amortization schedule, or such other amortization schedule as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement, and that provide a specified time period during which the monthly payments by the borrower are increased and the full amount of the increase is applied to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan.

GPM Loan—A mortgage loan under which the monthly payments by the borrower during the early years of the mortgage are less than the amount of interest that would otherwise be payable thereon, with the interest not so paid added to the outstanding principal balance of such mortgage loan.

Gross Margin—For an ARM loan, the fixed or variable percentage set forth in the related mortgage note, which when added to the related index, provides the loan rate for the ARM loan.

Home Loans—One- to four- family first or junior lien mortgage loans with LTV ratios or combined LTV ratios in most cases between 100% and 125%, and classified by the depositor as Home Loans.

Homeownership Act Loans—Loans that are subject to the special rules, disclosure requirements and other provisions that were added to the federal Truth-in-Lending Act by the Homeownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994, are not loans made to finance the purchase of the mortgaged property and have interest rates or origination costs in excess of prescribed levels.

Insurance Proceeds—Proceeds of any special hazard insurance policy, bankruptcy bond, mortgage pool insurance policy, primary insurance policy and any title, hazard or other insurance policy or guaranty covering any loan in the pool together with any payments under any letter of credit.

 

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Interest Only Loans—Mortgage loans with payments of interest only during the early years of the term, followed by fixed monthly payments of principal and interest or periodically increasing monthly payments of principal and interest for the duration of the term or for a specified number of years, as described in the related prospectus supplement.

IRS—Internal Revenue Service.

Issue Premium—As to a class of REMIC Regular Securities, the issue price in excess of the stated redemption price of that class.

Liquidated Loan—A defaulted loan for which the related mortgaged property has been sold by the related trust and all recoverable Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds have been received.

Liquidation Proceeds—Amounts collected by the servicer or subservicer in connection with the liquidation of a loan, by foreclosure or otherwise.

Mexico Loan—A mortgage loan secured by a beneficial interest in a trust, the principal asset of which is residential real property located in Mexico.

Mixed-Use Property—Mortgaged property on which a mixed-use – residential and commercial – structure is located.

Net Loan Rate—As to any loan, the loan rate net of servicing fees, other administrative fees and any Excess Spread or Excluded Spread.

Nonrecoverable Advance—Any Advance or Servicing Advance previously made which the master servicer or the servicer has determined to not be ultimately recoverable from Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds or otherwise.

Non-REMIC Note—A note that is not a REMIC Security.

Note Margin—For an ARM loan, the fixed percentage set forth in the related mortgage note, which when added to the related index, provides the loan rate for the ARM loan.

OID—Original issue discount within the meaning of Section 1273 of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury regulations thereunder.

Parties in Interest—For an ERISA plan, persons who are either “parties in interest” within the meaning of ERISA or “disqualified persons” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code, because they have specified relationships to the ERISA plan.

Pass-Through Entity—Any regulated investment company, real estate investment trust, trust, partnership or other entities described in Section 860E(e)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, a person holding an interest in a pass-through entity as a nominee for another person will, for that interest, be treated as a pass-through entity.

 

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Payment Account—An account established and maintained by the master servicer or the servicer in the name of the trustee for the benefit of the holders of each series of securities, for the disbursement of payments on the loans evidenced by each series of securities.

Permitted Investments—United States government securities and other investments that are rated, at the time of acquisition, in one of the categories specified in the related pooling and servicing agreement.

Pledged Asset Mortgage Loans—Mortgage loans that have LTV ratios at origination of up to 100% and are secured, in addition to the related mortgaged property, by Pledged Assets.

Pledged Assets—As to a Pledged Asset Mortgage Loan, (1) financial assets owned by the borrower, which will consist of securities, insurance policies, annuities, certificates of deposit, cash, accounts or similar assets and/or (2) a third party guarantee, usually by a relative of the borrower, which in turn is secured by a security interest in financial assets or residential property owned by the guarantor.

Prepayment Interest Shortfall—For a loan that is subject to a borrower prepayment, the amount that equals the difference between a full month’s interest due for that mortgage loan and the amount of interest paid or recovered with respect thereto.

Principal Prepayments—Any principal payments received for a loan, in advance of the scheduled due date and not accompanied by a payment of interest for any period following the date of payment.

Qualified Insurer—As to a mortgage pool insurance policy, special hazard insurance policy, bankruptcy policy, financial guaranty insurance policy or surety bond, an insurer qualified under applicable law to transact the insurance business or coverage as applicable.

Realized Loss—As to any defaulted loan that is finally liquidated, the amount of loss realized, if any, will equal the portion of the Stated Principal Balance plus accrued and unpaid interest remaining after application of all amounts recovered, net of amounts reimbursable to the master servicer or the servicer for related Advances, Servicing Advances and other expenses, towards interest and principal owing on the loan. For a loan the principal balance of which has been reduced in connection with bankruptcy proceedings, the amount of the reduction will be treated as a Realized Loss. As to any loan that has been the subject of a Debt Service Reduction, the amount of the reduction will be treated as a Realized Loss as incurred. For a loan that has been modified, following a default or if a default was reasonably foreseeable, the amount of principal that has been forgiven, the amount by which a monthly payment has been reduced due to a reduction of the interest rate, and any Servicing Advances that are forgiven and reimbursable to the master servicer or servicer.

REMIC—A real estate mortgage investment conduit as described in section 860D of the Internal Revenue Code.

REMIC Regular Security—A certificate or note representing ownership of one or more regular interests in a REMIC.

REMIC Residual Security—A security representing an ownership interest in a residual interest in a REMIC within the meaning of section 860D of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

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REMIC Security—A REMIC Regular Security or a REMIC Residual Security.

REO Loan—A loan where title to the related mortgaged property has been obtained by the trustee or its nominee on behalf of securityholders of the related series.

Repayment Period—For a revolving credit loan, the period from the end of the related Draw Period to the related maturity date.

Senior Percentage—At any given time, the percentage of the outstanding principal balances of all of the securities evidenced by the senior securities, determined in the manner described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Servicing Advances—Amounts advanced on any loan to cover taxes, insurance premiums, foreclosure costs or similar expenses, including amounts representing the cost of some related services, if the master servicer and any affiliate of the master servicer provides services such as appraisals and brokerage services that are customarily provided by persons other than servicers of mortgage loans or contracts.

Special Hazard Amount—The amount of Special Hazard Losses that may be allocated to the credit enhancement of the related series.

Special Hazard Losses—A Realized Loss incurred, to the extent that the loss was attributable to (i) direct physical damage to a mortgaged property other than any loss of a type covered by a hazard insurance policy or a flood insurance policy, if applicable, and (ii) any shortfall in insurance proceeds for partial damage due to the application of the co-insurance clauses contained in hazard insurance policies. The amount of the Special Hazard Loss is limited to the lesser of the cost of repair or replacement of the mortgaged property; any loss above that amount would be a Defaulted Mortgage Loss or other applicable type of loss. Special Hazard Losses does not include losses occasioned by war, civil insurrection, certain governmental actions, errors in design, faulty workmanship or materials (except under certain circumstances), nuclear reaction, chemical contamination or waste by the borrower.

Special Servicer—A special servicer named under the pooling and servicing agreement for a series of securities, which will be responsible for the servicing of delinquent loans.

Stated Principal Balance—As to any loan as of any date of determination, its principal balance as of the cut-off date, after application of all scheduled principal payments due on or before the cut-off date, whether received or not, reduced by all amounts allocable to principal that are distributed to securityholders before the date of determination, further reduced to the extent that any Realized Loss has been allocated to any securities before that date, and increased by the amount of any interest or other amounts owing on the loan that have been capitalized in connection with a modification.

 

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Subordinate Amount—A specified portion of subordinated distributions with respect to the loans, allocated to the holders of the subordinate securities as set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Subservicing Account—An account established and maintained by a subservicer which is acceptable to the master servicer or the servicer.

Subsequent Recoveries—Subsequent recoveries, net of reimbursable expenses, with respect to loans that have been previously liquidated and that resulted in a Realized Loss.

Tax-Exempt Investor—Tax-qualified retirement plans described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and on individual retirement accounts described in Section 408 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Tax-Favored Plans—An ERISA plan which is exempt from federal income taxation under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code or is an individual retirement plan or annuity described in Section 408 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Tiered REMICs—Two or more REMICs created pursuant to Treasury Regulation Sectin 1.860F-2(a)(2).

Title I—Title I of the National Housing Act.

Trust Balance—A specified portion of the total principal balance of each revolving credit loan outstanding at any time, which will consist of all or a portion of the principal balance thereof as of the cut-off date minus the portion of all payments and losses thereafter that are allocated to the Trust Balance, and will not include any portion of the principal balance attributable to Draws made after the cut-off date.

 

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$1,240,884,000

GMAC MORTGAGE, LLC

Servicer and Sponsor

GMACM HOME EQUITY LOAN TRUST 2007-HE2

Issuing Entity

Residential Asset Mortgage Products, Inc.

Depositor

GMACM Home Equity Loan-Backed Term Notes, Series 2007-HE2

 


PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

 


Underwriters

 

GMAC RFC Securities   RBS Greenwich Capital
(Joint Lead Manager and Book Runner)   (Joint Lead Manager and Book Runner)
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
(Co-Manager)

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information.

We are not offering the notes in this prospectus supplement in any state where the offer is not permitted.

Dealers will be required to deliver a prospectus supplement and prospectus when acting as underwriters of the notes offered hereby and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions. In addition, for ninety days following the date of this prospectus supplement, all dealers selling the notes, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus supplement and prospectus. Such delivery obligation generally may be satisfied through the filing of the prospectus supplement and prospectus with the Securities and Exchange Commission.