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Stock-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation

15.Stock-Based Compensation

The Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for the administration of the Company’s  stock incentive plans, which include the balance of shares remaining under the 2011 Long Term Incentive Plan (the "2011 LTIP") and 2017 Long Term Incentive Plan (the "2017 LTIP"), which was approved by shareholders in May 2017 and authorized the maximum aggregate number of shares to be issued of 2,400,000. In general, the Company’s 2017 LTIP provides for grants of restricted stock and stock options to be issued with a per-share price equal to the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. Option terms are specified at each grant date but generally are 10 years from the date of issuance. Options generally vest over a three to five-year period.

The Company applies a 3.2% and a 5.5% forfeiture rate, which is compounded over the vesting terms of the individual award, to its restricted stock and option grants, respectively, based on historical analysis.

In the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, compensation expense related to stock-based awards outstanding was $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, compensation related to stock-based awards outstanding was $2.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively. In the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation for certain officers of the Company was $0.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation for certain officers of the Company was $0.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

In May 2021, independent directors as well as certain officers and executives of the Company were granted 489,850 shares of restricted common stock. The total number included 89,850 shares, which were awarded to the six independent directors and vested immediately on the date of the grant, as well as 240,000 shares of performance-based stock awards to certain executives. The performance-based stock will potentially vest 100% if the target is met, with 100% of the shares to be earned based on the achievement of an objective, tiered return on invested capital, measured over a three-year performance period. The Company evaluates the probability of achieving this each reporting period. The fair value of all shares awarded on the date of the grant was $6.01 per share.

In August 2021, the Company determined the performance-based stock awarded in May 2020 vested near the outperformance level established above the target set based on the achievement of an objective, tiered return on invested capital, measured over a one-year performance period ending June 30, 2021. As a result, the executives earned an additional 259,565 shares of performance-based stock awards with a fair value of $2.26, of which 50% vested immediately on the date of determination and 25% each will vest on the first and second anniversary of the date of determination.

In September 2021, the Company granted an independent director 18,215 shares of restricted common stock, which vested immediately on the date of grant. The fair value of all shares awarded on the date of grant was $5.49.

In September 2021, the Company granted an executive of the Company 9,901 shares of restricted common stock with a vesting period of three year and a fair value of $5.05 per share.

In the three months ended September 30, 2021, there were 4,791 options exercised generating proceeds to the Company of less than $0.1 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were 28,546 options exercised generating proceeds to the Company of approximately $0.1 million. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were no options exercised.

At September 30, 2021, total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock was approximately $3.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.3 years.