6.Contracts in Progress

Contracts in progress are as follows at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$	884,244	$	461,144
Estimated earnings		144,160		73,170
		1,028,404		534,314
Less: Billings to date		(1,035,796)		(546,858)
	$	(7,392)	$	(12,544)
Included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet under the following captions:
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts	$	41,389	$	9,217
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts		(48,781)		(21,761)
	$	(7,392)	$	(12,544)

Included in cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted projects is approximately $0.1 million and $1.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to claims and unapproved change orders. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for discussion of the accounting for these claims.

Contract costs include all direct costs, such as materials and labor, and those indirect costs incurred that are related to contract performance such as payroll taxes and insurance. General and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Incentive fees, if available, are billed to the customer based on the terms and conditions of the contract. Pending claims are recognized as an increase in contract revenue only when the collection is deemed probable and if the amount can be reasonably estimated for purposes of calculating total profit or loss on long-term contracts. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those arising from final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and revenues and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined, without regard to the percentage of completion.

During the year-ended December 31, 2018, we recognized unfavorable changes in our estimates on two construction projects in our Marine Segment. These changes were caused by prolonged weather delays, unforeseen access and other client-imposed restrictions that impacted our productivity. The result of these changes in estimates is reflected as a decrease in revenue of $22.8 million in the consolidated statement of operations for the year-ended December 31, 2018 and included in billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts.