Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024		Jun. 30, 2023		Jun. 30, 2024		Jun. 30, 2023
Revenue
Gross premiums earned	$ 263,561	[1]	$ 181,946	[2]	$ 520,205	[3]	$ 362,014	[4]
Premiums ceded	(76,713)		(66,390)		(144,819)		(136,899)
Net premiums earned	186,848		115,556		375,386		225,115
Net investment income	16,881		8,794		30,948		26,509
Net realized investment gains (losses)	212		(230)		212		(1,379)
Net unrealized investment gains	533		897		3,168		1,426
Policy fee income	1,089		1,469		2,108		2,559
Other	682		841		1,037		2,126
Total revenue	206,245		127,327		412,859		256,356
Expenses
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	78,324		61,890		158,246		122,455
Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses	23,452		22,618		45,591		45,338
General and administrative personnel expenses	17,471		14,272		33,745		27,774
Interest expense	3,452		2,667		6,601		5,468
Other operating expenses	7,520		5,614		15,220		11,919
Total expenses	130,219		107,061		259,403		212,954
Income before income taxes	76,026	[5]	20,266		153,456	[6]	43,402
Income tax expense	18,927		5,384		39,401		10,727
Net income	57,099		14,882		114,055		32,675
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (Note 18)	0		(2,337)		(10,149)		(4,661)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(3,023)		(102)		(2,219)		(233)
Net income after noncontrolling interests	$ 54,076		$ 12,443		$ 101,687		$ 27,781
Basic earnings per share	$ 5.18		$ 1.45		$ 9.95		$ 3.23
Diluted earnings per share	$ 4.24		$ 1.28		$ 8.04		$ 2.81

[1] Gross premiums earned under HCPCI Insurance Operations consist of $143,702 from HCPCI and $6,655 from a reinsurance company.

[2] Gross premiums earned under HCPCI Insurance Operations consist of $96,875 from HCPCI and $4,915 from a reinsurance company.

[3] Gross premiums earned under HCPCI Insurance Operations consist of $292,973 from HCPCI and $12,766 from a reinsurance company.

[4] Gross premiums earned under HCPCI Insurance Operations consist of $189,331 from HCPCI and $9,450 from a reinsurance company.

[5] The income (loss) before income taxes in the reclassification/elimination column is attributable to intercompany transactions between the reciprocal exchange operations and the AIF operations. The reciprocal exchange operations record service fee expenses based on earned premiums or other appropriate measures, while the AIF operations recognize service fee revenues according to U.S. GAAP revenue recognition standards. Although both service fee expenses and revenues are fully eliminated on consolidation, they do not completely offset each other in this presentation due to the different methods of recognition.

[6] The income (loss) before income taxes in the reclassification/elimination column is attributable to intercompany transactions between the reciprocal exchange operations and the AIF operations. The reciprocal exchange operations record service fee expenses based on earned premiums or other appropriate measures, while the AIF operations recognize service fee revenues according to U.S. GAAP revenue recognition standards. Although both service fee expenses and revenues are fully eliminated on consolidation, they do not completely offset each other in this presentation due to the different methods of recognition.