5. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

(a) Fair value estimation

The fair value hierarchy establishes three levels to classify fair value measurements based upon the observability of significant inputs used in the valuation techniques. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1 | Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 | Inputs other than quoted prices included in level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices)

Level 3 | Inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs)

The following table sets forth the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. As required by IFRS 13, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

As at December 31, 2018:


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss
2017 Convertible Notes	$	—	$	—	$	14,617,336	$	14,617,336
Derivative warrant financial liability from financing	$	—	$	—	$	190,303	$	190,303

As at December 31, 2019:


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss
2017 Convertible Notes	$	—	$	—	$	5,400,189	$	5,400,189
2019 Convertible Notes	$	—	$	—	$	9,265,480	$	9,265,480

As at December 31, 2020:


	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss
2019 Convertible Notes	$	—	$	—	$	6,195,357	$	6,195,357
2020 Convertible notes and warrants and derivative warrant liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	1,522,054	$	1,522,054

The carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities in each category are as follows:


	Note	2020		2019		2018
Assets at amortized cost
Cash and cash equivalents	6	$	12,935,860	$	5,292,833	$	9,242,809
Accounts receivable	7		987,057		715,696		647,143
Restricted cash	11		470,460		462,874		439,736
		$	14,393,377	$	6,471,403	$	10,329,688

Other financial liabilities at amortized cost
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (current)	14	$	7,243,500	$	7,794,456	$	4,610,560
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (non-current)	14		—		1,186,601		2,241,979

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss
2017 Convertible Notes (current)	16(b)	$	—	$	5,400,189	$	1,423,224
2017 Convertible Notes (non-current)	16(b)		—		—		13,194,112
2017 Derivative warrant liability (current)	16(b)		—		—		190,303
2019 Convertible Notes (current)	16(c)		38,633		1,090,561		—
2019 Convertible Notes (non-current)	16(c)		6,156,724		8,174,919		—
2020 Convertible Notes (current)	16(d)		37,525		—		—
2020 Convertible notes and warrants and derivative warrant liabilities (non-current)	16(d)		1,484,529		—		—
		$	14,960,911	$	23,646,726	$	21,660,178

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, restricted cash and accounts payable and accrued liabilities are considered a reasonable approximation of fair value due to their short-term nature.

(b) Foreign exchange risk

A portion of the Company’s revenues are derived from product sales in Europe, denominated in Euros. Management has considered the stability of the foreign currency and the impact a change in the exchange rate may have on future earnings during the forecasting process. The Euro represents approximately 45% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020, (years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 : 30% and 23%, respectively). A 10% change in the foreign exchange rates for the Euro for foreign currency denominated accounts receivable will impact net income as at December 31, 2020 by approximately $8,114 (as at December 31, 2019 and 2018: $6,288 and $6,000), and a similar change in foreign currency denominated accounts payable, which are denominated in Canadian dollars and Euros will impact net income by approximately $102,662 and $108,703 respectively, as at December 31, 2020 (as at December 31, 2019 $80,654 and $176,569 and as at December 31, 2018 :$13,000 and $30,000). A similar change in foreign currency denominated cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, which are denominated in Canadian dollars and Euros will impact net income by approximately $80,953 and $49,459, respectively, as at December 31, 2020 (as at December 31, 2019 $5,254 and $2,780 and as at December 31, 2018: $4,837 and $5,855). The Company does not hedge its foreign exchange risk.

The Company is not exposed to material cash flow interest rate risk on fixed rate cash balances, and short-term accounts receivable, accounts payable, 2019 and 2020 Notes that have fixed interest terms.

(d) Liquidity risk

As at December 31, 2020, the Company had $12,935,860 in cash and cash equivalents as compared to cash and cash equivalents of $5,292,833 at December 31, 2019. The Company is dependent on the profitable commercialization of its products or obtaining additional debt or equity financing to fund ongoing operations until profitability is achieved.

The Company monitors its cash flow on a monthly basis and compares actual performance to the budget for the period. The Company expects that its cash on hand as at December 31, 2020 is sufficient to sustain operations until approximately May 2021 at the current burn rate. The Company may obtain additional debt or equity financing in future periods. Further into the future the Company is dependent on the profitable commercialization of its products or obtaining additional debt or equity financing to fund ongoing operations until profitability is achieved.

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, on February 12, 2021 the Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $72 million from the February 2021 Financing (see Note 26). The proceeds from the February 2021 Financing could be sufficient to extend the operations of the Company for up to three years at the current burn rate. However, it is likely that the Company will initiate programs that were on hold given cash constraints and that the cash needs of the Company will increase, shortening the time the proceeds will meet the requirements of the Company.

Trade payables were aged as follows as at December 31, 2020 and do not include accrued liabilities. All trades payables are current liabilities:


		Total
Current	$	1,612,254
31-60 days		869,498
Over 60 days		1,223,874
	$	3,705,626

The following is an analysis of the contractual maturities of the Company’s non-derivative accrued liabilities as at December 31, 2020:


	Within One Year

Collaboration, license and settlement agreements (undiscounted)	$	1,250,000
	$	1,250,000

(e) Credit risk

Credit risk arises from the possibility that the entities to which the Company sells products may experience financial difficulty and be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations. This risk is mitigated by proactive credit management policies that include regular monitoring of the debtor’s payment history and performance. The Company does not require collateral from its customers as security for trade accounts receivable but may require certain customers to pay in advance of any work being performed or product being shipped.

The maximum exposure, if all the Company’s customers were to default at the same time is the full carrying value of the trade accounts receivable as at December 31, 2020 is $322,201 (as at December 31, 2019 and 2018: $597,505 and $637,421, respectively). As at December 31, 2020, the Company had $146,658 (as at December 31, 2019 and 2018: $148,815 and $311,642, respectively) of trade accounts receivable that were overdue according to the customers’ credit terms. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company wrote down $nil of accounts receivable owed by customers (years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: $64,600 and $489,449, respectively).

The Company may also have credit risk related to its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, with a maximum exposure of $13,406,320 as at December 31, 2020 (as at December 31, 2019 and 2018: $5,755,707 and $9,682,545, respectively). The Company minimizes its risk to cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash by maintaining the majority of its balances with Canadian Chartered Banks.