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12.5% Senior Secured Notes and Loans Payable
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
12.5% Senior Secured Notes and Loans Payable 12.5% Senior Secured Notes and Loans Payable
12.5% Senior Secured Notes

On July 15, 2019, the Company completed the private placement of up to $100,000 aggregate principal of its 12.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (the “12.5% Notes”) and issued warrants for 2,000,000 shares of common stock (the “Warrants”), at $0.001 par value per share.
Upon closing of the indenture for the 12.5% Notes (the "Base Indenture"), the Company issued $70,000 of the 12.5% Notes (the “Initial Notes”) along with the Warrants and rights of first offer (the “First Offer Rights”) to the noteholders participating in this transaction. Issuance of the Initial Notes and Warrants provided net proceeds of $66,082.

On November 3, 2020, the Company entered into the First Supplemental Indenture (the "First Supplemental Indenture" and, together with all other subsequent supplemental indentures and the Base Indenture, collectively, the "Indenture") by and among the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (the "Trustee") and Collateral Agent thereunder to the Base Indenture, by and between the Company and the Trustee. On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into the Second Supplemental Indenture (the "Second Supplemental Indenture" and, together with all other subsequent supplemental indentures and the Base Indenture, collectively, the "Indenture") by and among the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (the "Trustee") and Collateral Agent thereunder to the Base Indenture, by and between the Company and the Trustee. Under the Second Supplemental Indenture, the Company repaid $22,500 of its $70,000 outstanding 12.5% Notes from the upfront proceeds received under the Monetization Agreement. Further, the Company entered into an additional Purchase Agreement with its lenders whereby the Company issued in aggregate $4,000 of additional 12.5% Notes (the "Additional Notes") in lieu of paying a prepayment premium to two lenders on the early repayment of the 12.5% Notes discussed above. The result of these two transactions reduced the net balance of the Company's 12.5% Senior Notes outstanding in the aggregate to $51,500 at December 31, 2020, and such aggregate principal amount remains outstanding as of December 31, 2021. The $4,000 principal issuance will be repaid proportionally over the same maturities as the other 12.5% Notes. The Company also paid to one of its lenders a $2,250 premium as result of the early retirement of debt.

The Company accounted for the $22,500 debt repayment as a debt modification of the 12.5% Notes. The fees paid to lenders inclusive of (i) $2,250 early premium prepayment and (ii) $4,000 issuance of Additional Notes in lieu of paying a prepayment penalty were recorded as additional debt discount, amortized over the remaining life of the 12.5% Notes using the effective interest method. Loan origination costs of $220 associated with the Additional Notes were expensed as incurred. Existing deferred discounts and loan origination fees on the 12.5% Notes are amortized as an adjustment of interest expense over the remaining term of modified debt using the effective interest method.

The First Supplemental Indenture contains a provision whereby, as the Company receives any cash proceeds from the Monetization Agreement, each noteholder has the right to require the Company to redeem all or any part of such noteholder's outstanding 12.5% Notes at a repurchase price in cash equal to 112.5% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. This repurchase offer is capped at 30% of the cash proceeds received by the Company as the contingent milestones are attained, if any, up through June 30, 2025. A valuation study was performed by an independent third party appraiser and updated as of December 31, 2021. Based on the valuation study, the put option was valued at $127, of which $29 has been recorded in Accrued expenses and $98 has been recorded in Other non-current liabilities. The embedded put option is deemed to be a derivative under ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging, which requires the recording of the embedded put option at fair value and subject to remeasurement at each reporting period. The fair value adjustment as a result of periodic remeasurement has been recorded in Interest income and other income. In addition, as of the closing of this transaction, the Company issued to the holders of the 12.5% Notes warrants to purchase 143,000 shares of its common stock.

On August 6, 2021, pursuant to the Third Supplemental Indenture, the holders of the 12.5% Notes extended to June 30, 2022 from December 31, 2021, the Company's ability to access, at the Company's option, $30,000 of 12.5% Notes re-openers under the Indenture. The first $10,000 of 12.5% Notes represents a commitment of such amount by current holders of 12.5% Notes, at the option of the Company, contingent upon FDA approval of the Company's product candidate Libervant (diazepam) Buccal Film for the management of seizure clusters. A second $20,000 12.5% Notes re-opener represents a right, at the Company's option, to market to current holders of the Company's 12.5% Notes, and or other lenders, additional 12.5% Notes up to such amount, contingent upon FDA approval of Libervant for U.S. market access. If and to the extent that the Company accesses these re-openers, it will grant warrants to purchase up to 714,000 shares of common stock, with the strike price calculated based on the 30-day volume weighted average closing price of the Company's common stock at the warrant grant date.

The 12.5% Notes provide a stated fixed interest rate of 12.5%, payable quarterly in arrears, with the initial quarterly principal repayment of 12.5% Notes due on September 30, 2021 and the final quarterly payment due at maturity on June 30, 2025. Principal payments are scheduled to increase annually from 10% of the face amount of the debt then outstanding during the first four quarters to 40% of the 12.5% Notes during the final four quarters. As of December 31, 2021, the Company recorded its principal payments as Loans payable, net on its Consolidated Balance Sheet.

A debt maturity table is presented below:
2022$— 
202318,025 
202421,888 
202511,587 
Total$51,500 

The Company may elect, at its option, to prepay the 12.5% Notes at any time at premiums that range from 101.56% of outstanding principal if prepayment occurs on or after the fifth anniversary of the issue date of the Initial Notes to 112.50% if payment occurs during the third year after the issuance of the Notes. In the event that redemption occurs within the two years after the issuance of the 12.5% Notes, a
make-whole fee is required, based on the present value of remaining interest payments using an agreed-upon discount rate linked to the then-current U.S. Treasury rate. The Indenture also includes change of control provisions under which the Company may be required to repurchase the 12.5% Notes at 101% of the remaining principal plus accrued interest at the election of the Lenders.

On September 30, 2021, the Company entered into a waiver agreement (the “Waiver”) with the holders of the 12.5% Notes pursuant to which the principal payment due under the 12.5% Notes on September 30, 2021 was deferred in order to provide sufficient time for the finalization and execution of the Fourth Supplemental Indenture (the “Fourth Supplemental Indenture”). The Fourth Supplemental Indenture was executed by the parties on October 7, 2021.

On October 7, 2021, the Company entered into the Fourth Supplemental Indenture (the “Fourth Supplemental Indenture”), by and among the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (the “Trustee”) and collateral agent thereunder, to the Indenture, dated as of July 15, 2019 (the “Base Indenture” and, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, the Second Supplemental Indenture, and the Third Supplemental Indenture, the “Indenture”), by and between the Company and the Trustee in connection with the 12.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 of the Company (the “Notes”). Pursuant to the Fourth Supplemental Indenture, the amortization schedule for the Notes has been amended to provide for the date of the first amortization payment to be extended to March 30, 2023. The Fourth Supplemental Indenture did not change the maturity date of the Notes or the interest payment obligation due under the Notes. In connection with the Fourth Supplemental Indenture, the Company entered into a Consent Fee Letter with the holders of the Notes (the “Consent Fee Letter”), pursuant to which the Company has agreed to pay the holders of the Notes an additional cash payment ("Consent Fee") of $2,700 in the aggregate, payable in four quarterly payments beginning May 15, 2022. The Company has recorded the current portion of the Consent Fee as Loans payable, current, and the long-term portion of the Consent Fee as Other non-current liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheet. Additionally, the Company recognized a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $13,822 for fees and expenses related to the Fourth Supplemental Indenture.

The Company capitalizes legal and other third-party costs incurred in connection with obtaining debt as deferred debt issuance costs and applies the unamortized portion as a reduction of the outstanding face amount of the related loan in accordance with ASU 2015-3, Interest – Imputation of Interest: Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. Similarly, the Company amortizes debt discounts, such as those represented by warrants issued to its lenders, and offsets those as a direct reduction of its outstanding debt. Amortization expense arising from deferred debt issuance costs and debt discounts related to the 12.5% Notes and the Perceptive loan for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $3,572 and $2,587, respectively. Unamortized deferred debt issuance costs and deferred debt discounts totaled $43 and $14,596 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Collateral for the loan under the 12.5% Notes consists of a first priority lien on substantially all property and assets, including intellectual property, of the Company. This secured obligation provides payment rights that are senior to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the Company and provides Lenders with perfected security interests in substantially all of the Company’s assets.