Employee benefit plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Funded Status of Defined Benefit Plans and Amount Recognized

The following table sets forth the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit plans and the amounts recognized in the Company’s financial statements based on actuarial valuations carried out as of December 31, 2015 and 2016.

	As of December 31,
	2015			2016
Change in benefit obligation
Projected benefit obligation at the beginning    of the year	$	36,445		$	35,617
Service cost		5,578			5,661
Actuarial loss (gain)		(3,459	)		6,749
Interest cost		2,629			2,585
Liabilities assumed on acquisition		—			693
Benefits paid		(3,846	)		(4,967	)
Effect of exchange rate changes		(1,730	)		(1,055	)
Projected benefit obligation at the    end of the year	$	35,617		$	45,283
Change in fair value of plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at the beginning    of the year	$	29,721		$	28,549
Employer contributions		1,283			5,776
Actual gain on plan assets		2,465			1,777
Assets assumed on acquisition		—			170
Acturial gain/(loss)		—			—
Benefits paid		(3,763	)		(4,897	)
Effect of exchange rate changes		(1,157	)		(504	)
Fair value of plan assets at the end of the year	$	28,549		$	30,871

Amounts Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Amounts included in other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 were as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2015			2016
Net actuarial loss		(3,051	)		(8,979	)
Deferred tax assets		874			2,759
Other comprehensive income (loss), net		(2,177	)		(6,220	)

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in other comprehensive income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:

	2016
Net actuarial loss	$	(7,141	)
Amortization of net actuarial loss		(75	)
Deferred income taxes		1,885
Effect of exchange rate changes		1,289
Other comprehensive income (loss), net	$	(4,042	)

Net Defined Benefit Plan Costs

Net defined benefit plan costs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 include the following components:

	Year ended December 31,
	2014			2015			2016
Service costs	$	4,721		$	5,578		$	5,661
Interest costs		2,410			2,629			2,585
Amortization of actuarial loss		419			330			(113	)
Expected return on plan assets		(1,719	)		(2,154	)		(2,043	)
Net defined benefit plan costs	$	5,831		$	6,383		$	6,090

Fair Values of Plan Assets

The fair values of the Company’s plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 by asset category are as follows:

	As of December 31, 2016
	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Asset Category
Cash	$	4,809	$	4,809	$	-	$	-
Fixed income securities (Note a)		23,659		3,001		20,658		-
Other securities (Note b)		2,403		2,191		212		-
Total	$	30,871	$	10,001	$	20,870	$	-

	As of December 31, 2015
	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Asset Category
Cash	$	2,460	$	2,460	$	—	$	—
Fixed income securities (Note a)		23,190		3,520		19,670		—
Other securities (Note b)		2,899		1,234		1,665		—
Total	$	28,549	$	7,214	$	21,335	$	—

(a) Includes investments in funds that invest 100% of their assets in fixed income securities such as money market instruments, government securities and public and private bonds.

(b) Includes investments in funds that invest primarily in fixed income securities and the remaining portion in equity securities.

Benefit Plan Payments Reflect Expected Future Service

The expected benefit plan payments set forth below reflect expected future service:

Year ending December 31,
2017	$	6,577
2018	$	6,654
2019	$	7,013
2020	$	7,819
2021	$	8,268
2022 - 2026	$	38,886
	$	75,217

Amount Contributed to Defined Contribution Plans in Various Jurisdictions

During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, the Company contributed the following amounts to defined contribution plans in various jurisdictions:

	Year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
India	$	15,272	$	15,915	$	19,074
U.S.		5,565		8,148		10,379
U.K.		3,361		4,453		6,593
China		14,518		14,511		15,512
Other regions		4,355		4,690		4,684
Total	$	43,071	$	47,717	$	56,242

Benefit Obligations Of Gratuity Plan

Weighted Average Assumptions used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Plan Costs

The weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations of the Gratuity Plan as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 are presented below:

	As of December 31,
	2015	2016
Discount rate	8.30% - 8.45%	7.10% - 7.5%
Rate of increase in compensation    per annum	5.20%-11.00%	5.20%-11.00%

Gratuity Plan Costs

Weighted Average Assumptions used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Plan Costs

The weighted average assumptions used to determine the Gratuity Plan costs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 are presented below:

	Year ended December 31,
	2014		2015		2016
Discount rate	9.50% - 9.55%		8.50% - 8.55%		8.30% - 8.45%
Rate of increase in    compensation per annum	5.20% - 11.00%		5.20% - 11.00%		5.20% - 11.00%
Expected long-term rate of    return on plan assets per    annum		8.50%		8.50%		7.50%

Benefit Obligations Of The Mexican Plan

Weighted Average Assumptions used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Plan Costs

The weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations of the Mexican Plan as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 are presented below:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2016
Discount rate		6.50	%		6.80	%
Rate of increase in compensation per annum		5.50	%		5.50	%

Mexican Plan Costs

Weighted Average Assumptions used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Plan Costs

The weighted average assumptions used to determine the costs of the Mexican Plan for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 are presented below:

	Year ended December 31,
	2014			2015			2016
Discount rate		6.50	%		6.50	%		6.50	%
Rate of increase in    compensation per annum		5.50	%		5.50	%		5.50	%
Expected long-term rate of    return on plan assets per    annum		0.00	%		0.00	%		0.00	%

Benefit Obligations Of Japan Plan

Weighted Average Assumptions used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Plan Costs

The weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation of the Japan Plan as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 are presented below:

	Year ended December 31,
	2015	2016
Discount rate	0.24% - 1.30%	0.08% - 1.30%
Rate of increase in compensation per    annum	0.00% - 3.55%	0.00% - 3.55%

Japan Plan Costs

Weighted Average Assumptions used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Plan Costs

The weighted average assumptions used to determine the costs of the Japan Plan for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 are presented below:

	Year ended December 31,
	2014		2015	2016
Discount rate	0.50% - 1.44%		0.20% - 1.30%	0.24% - 1.30%
Rate of increase in    compensation per annum		0.00%	0.00% - 3.55%	0.00% - 3.55%
Expected long-term rate of    return on plan assets per    annum		2.69%	2.69% - 3.44%	0.00% - 3.77%