20. Restructuring and Other Costs

2019 Restructuring

On November 6, 2019, the Board of Directors approved an operational restructuring to eliminate a portion of the Company’s workforce to reduce expenses. As part of this operational restructuring, the Company reduced headcount by approximately 22%. The Company completed the restructuring in the fourth quarter of 2019 and recorded total restructuring costs of approximately $554 in total costs and operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, all of which was paid.

2017 Transition Agreements and Other Costs

On July 31, 2017, the Board of Directors approved a strategic restructuring to eliminate a portion of the Company’s workforce as part of an initiative to enhance operations and reduce expenses. As part of this strategic restructuring, the Company eliminated 30 positions across the organization. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $1,703 of restructuring-related costs in operating expenses in research and development and selling and marking, including employee severance, benefits and related costs.

On July 31, 2017, the Company entered into a transition, separation and release of claims agreement (the “Ankerud Transition Agreement”), pursuant to which Eric Ankerud resigned from his role as Executive Vice President, Regulatory, Quality and Compliance of the Company, effective immediately. Mr. Ankerud continued to serve as an at-will employee of the Company in the capacity of Senior Advisor until October 31, 2017. Under the Ankerud Transition Agreement, Mr. Ankerud is entitled to separation benefits until October 31, 2018, in the form of continuation of his base salary in the same amount in effect as of October 31, 2018; the payment of monthly premiums for healthcare and/or dental coverage; and provided he continues to provide services to the Company as a consultant, the continued vesting of his outstanding stock options awards in accordance with the applicable equity plans and stock option agreements. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $386 of severance expense which are included in operating expenses in research and development.

On October 13, 2017, the Company entered into a transition, separation and release of claims agreement (the “Fortune Transition Agreement”) with James Fortune, pursuant to which Mr. Fortune resigned from his role as Chief Operating Officer and any and all other positions he holds as an officer or employee of the Company, effective December 31, 2017 (the “Separation Date”). Pursuant to the Fortune Transition Agreement, effective as of October 13, 2017, the Employment Agreement, by and between the Company and Mr. Fortune, dated June 19, 2014, was terminated. Under the Fortune Transition Agreement, Mr. Fortune will be entitled to separation benefits in the form of (i) the continuation of his base salary for twelve months after the Separation Date in the same amount in effect as of the October 13, 2017 and (ii) the payment of monthly premiums for healthcare and/or dental coverage at the same rate that is in effect on the Separation Date until the earlier of twelve months from the Separation Date or the date Mr. Fortune becomes eligible to receive such benefits under another employer’s benefit plan. Should any annual bonus payments be made to active Company executives for the calendar year 2017, Mr. Fortune will also be eligible to receive a bonus payment in such amount, if any, he would have received had he remained employed with the Company through the date of such bonus payments. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $417 of severance expense which are included in operating expenses in general and administration.

The following table summarizes the restructuring and other costs by category during the twelve months ended December 31, 2017:

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	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017
	Total
Research and development	$	690
Selling and marketing		1,399
General and administration		417
	$	2,506