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Note 7 - Embedded Derivatives Liabilities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements  
Discussion of Hybrid Instruments and Embedded Derivatives [Text Block]
7.
Embedded Derivatives Liabilities
 
 
2020
Notes Embedded Derivative
 
In
June 2017,
the Company issued its
12%
convertible senior secured notes due
2020
(the
“2020
Notes”) in exchange for its
12.0%
convertible senior secured notes due
2017
(the
“2017
Notes”). The
2020
Notes contained the following embedded derivatives: (i) a Make-Whole Payment (as defined in the indenture governing the
2020
Notes (the
“2020
Notes Indenture”)) upon either conversion or redemption; (ii) right to redeem the outstanding principal upon a Fundamental Change (as defined in the
2020
Notes Indenture); (iii) issuer rights to convert into a limited number of shares in any given
three
-month period commencing
nine
months from the issuance date and dependent on the stock price exceeding
150%
of the then in-effect conversion price over a
ten
-business day period; and (iv) holder rights to convert into either shares of the Company's common stock or pre-funded warrants upon the election of the holders of the
2020
Notes.
 
Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and the
2020
Notes and carried at fair value when: (a) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are
not
clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract; and (b) a separate, stand-alone instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument. The Company has concluded that certain embedded derivatives within the
2020
Notes meet these criteria and, as such, must be valued separate and apart from the
2020
Notes as
one
embedded derivative and recorded at fair value each reporting period.
 
The Company used a binomial lattice model in order to estimate the fair value of the embedded derivative in the
2020
Notes. A binomial lattice model generates
two
probable outcomes, whether up or down, arising at each point in time, starting from the date of valuation until the maturity date. A lattice was initially used to determine if the
2020
Notes would be converted by the holder, called by the issuer, or held at each decision point. Within the lattice model, the following assumptions were made: (i) the
2020
Notes will be converted by the holder if the conversion value plus the holder's Make-Whole Payment is greater than the holding value; or (ii) the
2020
Notes will be called by the issuer if (a) the stock price exceeds
150%
of the then in-effect conversion price over a
ten
-business day period and (b) if the holding value is greater than the conversion value plus the Make-Whole Payment at the time.
 
Using this lattice model, the Company valued the embedded derivative using a “with-and-without method”, where the value of the
2020
Notes including the embedded derivative were defined as the “with”, and the value of the
2020
Notes excluding the embedded derivative is defined as the “without”. This method estimates the value of the embedded derivative by comparing the difference in the values between the
2020
Notes with the embedded derivative and the value of the
2020
Notes without the embedded derivative. The lattice model requires the following inputs: (i) price of Gevo common stock; (ii) Conversion Rate (as defined in the
2020
Notes Indenture); (iii) Conversion Price (as defined in the
2020
Notes Indenture); (iv) maturity date; (v) risk-free interest rate; (vi) estimated stock volatility; and (vii) estimated credit spread for the Company.
 
2020/21
Notes Embedded Derivative
 
In
January 2020,
the Company issued
12%
convertible senior secured notes due
2020/2021
 (the
“2020/21
Notes”) in exchange for its
12.0%
convertible senior secured notes due
March 2020 (
the
“2020
Notes”). The
2020/21
Notes contain the following embedded derivatives: (i) a Make-Whole Payment (as defined in the
2020/21
Notes Indenture (as defined below) upon either conversion or redemption in certain circumstances; (ii) holder right to require the Company to repurchase the outstanding principal upon a Fundamental Change (as defined in the
2020/21
Notes Indenture); and (iii) holder rights to convert into either shares of the Company's common stock or pre-funded warrants upon the election of the holders of the
2020/21
Notes.
 
Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and the
2020/21
Notes, and carried at fair value when: (a) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are
not
clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract; and (b) a separate, stand-alone instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument. The Company has concluded that certain embedded derivatives within the
2020/21
Notes meet these criteria and, as such, must be valued separate and apart from the
2020/21
Notes as
one
embedded derivative and recorded at fair value each reporting period.
 
The Company used a binomial lattice model in order to estimate the fair value of the embedded derivative in the
2020/21
Notes. Using this lattice model, the Company valued the embedded derivative using a “with-and-without method”.
 
As of
June 30
,
2020
and
December 31, 2019,
the estimated fair value of the embedded derivatives was
$0.3
 million and
$0,
respectively. The Company recorded the estimated fair value of the embedded derivative with the
2020/21
Notes and
2020
Notes, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recorded a
$0.2
 million and
$0.3
 million loss from the change in fair value of
2020/21
Notes embedded derivatives for the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30
,
2020.
The Company recorded a
$0.1
million and
$0.4
 million gain from the change in fair value of
2020
Notes embedded derivatives or the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30
,
2019.
 
The following table sets forth the inputs to the lattice models that were used to value the embedded derivatives:
 
   
June 30,
   
December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
                 
Stock price
  $
0.79
    $
2.31
 
Conversion Rate per $1,000
   
409.50
     
67.95
 
Conversion Price
  $
2.44
    $
14.72
 
Maturity date
 
April 1, 2021
   
March 15, 2020
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
0.17
%    
1.52
%
Estimated stock volatility
   
92
%    
60
%
Estimated credit spread
   
38
%    
27
%
 
Changes in certain inputs into the lattice model can have a significant impact on changes in the estimated fair value of the embedded featured within the
2020/21
Notes and
2020
Notes. For example, the estimated fair value will generally decrease with: (
1
) a decline in the stock price; (
2
) decreases in the estimated stock volatility; and (
3
) a decrease in the estimated credit spread.
 
Derivative Warrant Liability
 
There were
no
 warrants sold by the Company during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2020.
 
The following table sets forth information pertaining to shares issued upon the exercise of such warrants as of
June 30, 2020:
 
 
Issuance
Date
 
Expiration
Date
 
Exercise
Price as of
June 30,
2020
 
Shares
Underlying
Warrants on
Issuance Date
 
Shares Issued
upon Warrant
Exercises as of
June 30, 2020
 
Shares
Underlying
Warrants
Outstanding as of
June 30, 2020
 
                                 
Series D Warrants
12/11/2015
 
12/11/2020
  $
40.00
   
25,125
   
25,078
   
47
 
Series F Warrants
04/01/2016
 
04/01/2021
  $
40.00
   
25,733
   
11,692
   
14,041
 
Series I Warrants
09/13/2016
 
09/13/2021
  $
220.00
   
35,368
   
   
35,368
 
Series K Warrants
02/17/2017
 
2/17/2022
  $
3.80
   
310,016
   
308,660
   
1,356
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
396,242
   
345,430
   
50,812
 
 
The agreements governing the above warrants include the following terms:
 
 
certain warrants have exercise prices which are subject to adjustment for certain events, including the issuance of stock dividends on the Company's common stock and, in certain instances, the issuance of the Company's common stock or instruments convertible into the Company's common stock at a price per share less than the exercise price of the respective warrants;
 
 
warrant holders
may
exercise the warrants through a cashless exercise if, and only if, the Company does
not
have an effective registration statement then available for the issuance of the shares of its common stock. If an effective registration statement is available for the issuance of its common stock a holder
may
only exercise the warrants through a cash exercise;
 
 
the exercise price and the number and type of securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants are subject to adjustment upon certain corporate events, including certain combinations, consolidations, liquidations, mergers, recapitalizations, reclassifications, reorganizations, stock dividends and stock splits, a sale of all or substantially all of the Company's assets and certain other events; and
 
 
in the event of an “extraordinary transaction” or a “fundamental transaction” (as such terms are defined in the respective warrant agreements), generally including any merger with or into another entity, sale of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, tender offer or exchange offer, or reclassification of its common stock, in which the successor entity (as defined in the respective warrant agreements) that assumes the successor entity is
not
a publicly traded company, the Company or any successor entity will pay the warrant holder, at such holder's option, exercisable at any time concurrently with or within
30
days after the consummation of the extraordinary transaction or fundamental transaction, an amount of cash equal to the value of such holder's warrants as determined in accordance with the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the terms of the respective warrant agreement. In some circumstances, the Company or successor entity
may
be obligated to make such payments regardless of whether the successor entity that assumes the warrants is a publicly traded company.
 
There were
no
 warrants exercised during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2020.