Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation. The Consolidated Financial Statements of Gevo include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Basis of Presentation. The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). These statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. Use of Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Estimates are subject to uncertainties due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change and affect items such as valuing identified intangible assets; evaluating impairments of long-lived assets and goodwill; establishing estimated useful lives for long-lived assets; acquisition accounting; estimating revenues, expenses for services received but for which no invoice has been received and capital expenditures; recognizing share-based compensation expense; and determining liabilities, if any, for legal contingencies. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Customers. The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents in excess of the federally insured limits. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high credit-quality financial institutions and are primarily in demand deposit accounts and money market funds. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, one customer accounted for 86% and 100% of trade accounts receivable, net, and 93% and 90% of total revenue, respectively. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in highly liquid interest-bearing money market accounts or non-interest-bearing demand accounts. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash is classified as current or non-current based on the terms of the underlying agreements and represents cash held as deposits and cash collateral for financial letters of credit. Trade Accounts Receivable, net. The Company records receivables for products shipped but for which payment has not yet been received. The Company records an allowance for credit losses for amounts not expected to be collected. The Company estimates the allowance based on expected credit losses. Inventories. Inventory is recorded at net realizable value. Isobutanol inventory cost consists of the applicable share of raw material, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Work in process inventory includes unfinished SAF, isooctane and isooctene inventory. Spare Parts inventory consists of the parts required to maintain the Company’s Luverne Facility and is recorded at cost. For each reporting period, the Company reviews the value of inventories on hand to estimate the recoverability through future sales. The Company reduces its inventories with adjustments for lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by the average cost method. Environmental Attribute Inventory. The Company generates D3 Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”) and Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) credits (collectively, “environmental attributes”) through the production of RNG used for transportation purposes as prescribed under the Renewable Fuels Standard program (“RFS”). Environmental attribute inventory is included as a component of “Inventories” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company intends to actively market and sell environmental attributes and as such records them as inventory. Accordingly, the Company allocates the costs of production based on the relative sales value of all revenue items for the NW Iowa RNG operations. The value of the environmental attributes is reviewed for potential write-downs based on the net realizable value methodology. Revenue is recognized on these environmental attributes when there is an agreement in place to monetize the credits at an agreed upon price with a customer based upon defined third party market prices and a transfer of control has occurred. Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of the lease agreement or the service lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Assets under construction are depreciated when they are placed into service. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and expenditures for major improvements are capitalized. Construction in Progress. Construction in progress represents expenditures necessary to bring an asset, project, new facilities or equipment to the condition and location necessary for its intended use and are capitalized and recorded at cost. Once completed and ready for its intended use, the asset is transferred to property, plant and equipment to be depreciated or amortized. Depreciation and Amortization. Capitalized costs are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method at rates sufficient to depreciate such costs over the shorter of estimated productive lives of such assets or the useful life of the individual assets. The estimates of productive lives may change, possibly in the near term, resulting in changes to depreciation and amortization rates in future reporting periods. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company evaluates the recoverability of the recorded amount of long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, licenses, patents, operating lease right-of-use assets, and finance lease right-of-use assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is considered to be impaired if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. If the Company determines that an asset is impaired, it measures the impairment to be recognized as the amount by which the recorded amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. No impairment losses on tangible and intangible assets were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023. Leases, Right-of-Use Assets and Related Liabilities. The Company enters into various arrangements which constitute a lease as defined by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, as part of its ongoing business activities and operations. Leases represent a contract or part of a contract that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Such contracts result in both (a) right-of-use assets, which represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the term of the contract; and (b) a corresponding lease liability which represents the Company’s obligation to make the lease payments arising from the contract. The Company has elected not to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for any lease with an original lease term of 12 months or less. Lease expense for such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. A lease is classified as a finance lease when one or more of the following criteria are met: (i) the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, (ii) the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, (iii) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset, (iv) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset, or (v) the asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. If a lease does not meet any of these criteria, the lease is classified as an operating lease. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, discounted using an estimate of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for a collateralized loan with the same term and payment as the lease. Right-of-use assets are measured based on the amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the lease commencement date less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are evaluated for impairment in accordance with accounting standards applicable to long-lived assets. Renewal options are included in the calculation of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when the Company determines that the option is reasonably certain of exercise based on an analysis of the relevant facts and circumstances. Certain of the Company’s leases require variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate and such payments are excluded from the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability and are recognized as variable lease cost when incurred. Lease cost for operating leases consists of the fixed lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term plus variable lease payments as incurred. Lease cost for finance leases consists of amortization of the right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis over the lease term, interest expense on the lease liability and variable lease payments as incurred. The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for its corporate office lease asset class. Intangible assets. Intangible assets consist of patents, developed technology, a customer-related intangible, and trade names. Costs related to patents, including legal fees, customer-related intangible, and trade names are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Amortization expense is recorded in “Depreciation and amortization” in the Operating expenses section of the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For intangibles purchased in acquisitions, the useful life is determined by valuation estimates of remaining economic life. The Company periodically evaluates the amortization period and carrying value of its intangible assets to determine whether any events or circumstances warrant revised estimated useful life or reduction in value. Capitalized Software Costs. The Company capitalizes significant costs incurred in the development of software for internal use, including the costs of the software, materials, consultants, and payroll and payroll related costs for employees incurred in developing internal use computer software. Planning costs incurred prior to the development of software and costs not qualifying for capitalization are charged to expense. The Company amortizes capitalized software over a period of five years, which is the expected useful life of the software. Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually or whenever indications of impairment exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, resulting in an impairment charge for this excess, with the maximum charge limited to the carrying value of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Our annual impairment testing date is August 1st. Gevo can elect to qualitatively assess goodwill for impairment if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value. A qualitative assessment considers macroeconomic and other industry-specific factors, such as trends in short-term and long-term interest rates and the ability to access capital, and Company specific factors such as market capitalization in excess of net assets, trends in revenue generating activities, and merger or acquisition activity. If the Company elects to bypass qualitatively assessing goodwill, or it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, management estimates the fair values of each of the Company’s reporting units (defined as the Company’s businesses for which financial information is available and reviewed regularly by management) and compares it to their carrying values. The estimated fair values of the reporting units are established using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions about the future operating results and cash flows of each reporting unit, a market approach which compares each reporting unit to comparable companies in their respective industries, as well as a market capitalization analysis. Borrowing Costs. The borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of an asset that needs a substantially long period of time for its intended use to begin are capitalized and recorded as part of the cost of the asset when expenditures for the asset and borrowing costs have been incurred, and the activities relating to the acquisition and construction that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use have commenced. The capitalization of borrowing costs ceases when the asset under acquisition or construction becomes ready for its intended use and the borrowing costs incurred thereafter are recognized in profit or loss for the current period. The capitalization of borrowing costs is suspended during periods in which the acquisition or construction of an asset is interrupted abnormally and the interruption lasts for more than three months, until the acquisition or construction is resumed. Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discounts/Premiums. Debt issuance costs are costs with third parties incurred in connection with the Company’s debt financings that have been capitalized and are being amortized over the stated maturity period or estimated life of the related debt using the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs are presented as a direct reduction of the carrying amount of the related debt. Debt discounts, including fees paid to lenders, and debt premiums are amortized over the life of the related debt using the effective interest method. Debt discounts and premiums are presented as a reduction and increase, respectively, in the carrying amount of the related debt. Amortization of debt issuance costs, discounts and premiums is included in interest expense. Warrants. Warrants are classified as a component of permanent equity when they are freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the shares of common stock with which they were issued, are immediately exercisable, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise and do not provide any guarantee of value or return. Variable Interest Entities. The Company enters into agreements with special purpose entities (“SPEs”), some of which are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), in the ordinary course of business. A legal entity is considered a VIE if it has either a total equity investment that is insufficient to finance its operations without additional subordinated financial support or whose equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. The Company’s variable interests arise from contractual or other monetary interests in the entity. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest ownership is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity; however, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve controlling voting interests. The Company consolidates a VIE if it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The Company determines it is the primary beneficiary if it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or has the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company evaluates its relationships with its VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine whether it is the primary beneficiary. See Footnote 21 below for further information. Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Revenue from the Company’s point in time product sales is recognized when products are transferred, or services are invoiced and control transferred. The Company has presented the disclosures required by ASC 606, see Note 3, Revenues from Contracts with Customers and Other Revenue. Cost of Production. Cost of production includes costs incurred in operations for the production of RNG and isobutanol, as well as costs for direct materials, direct labor and certain plant overhead costs, and plant utilities including natural gas and wind power. Direct materials consist of manure feedstock and process chemicals. Direct labor includes compensation of personnel directly involved in production operations. Research and Development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company’s research and development costs consist of expenses incurred to identify, develop, and test its technologies for the production of isobutanol and the development of downstream applications thereof. Research and development expense includes personnel costs (including stock-based compensation), consultants and related contract research, facility costs, supplies, license fees and milestone payments paid to third parties for use of their intellectual property and patent rights and other direct and allocated expenses incurred to support the Company’s overall research and development programs. General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. The Company’s general and administrative costs consist of personnel costs (including stock-based compensation), consulting and service provider expenses (including patent counsel-related costs), legal fees, marketing costs, insurance costs, occupancy-related costs, travel and relocation expenses and hiring expenses. Our corporate personnel, consisting of subject matter experts, including chemists, engineers, and sustainability experts, dedicate the majority of their time and efforts for the development of our projects. Project Development Costs. Project development costs consist of consulting, preliminary engineering costs, and personnel costs, including stock-based compensation. Stock-Based Compensation. The Company’s stock-based compensation expense includes expenses associated with share-based awards granted to employees and board members. Our stock-based compensation is classified as either an equity award or a liability award in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The fair value of an equity-classified award is determined at the grant date and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of a liability-classified award is determined on a quarterly basis through the final vesting date and is amortized based on the current fair value of the award and the percentage of vesting period incurred to date. The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation plans under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions in accordance with applicable accounting standards, which require all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options and restricted stock awards, to be measured based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The grant date fair value for stock option awards is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the grant date fair value for restricted stock awards is based upon the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation costs for share-based payment awards granted to employees net of actual forfeitures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is currently the vesting term of up to three years. Governmental Grants. There is no U.S. GAAP that explicitly covers accounting for government "grants" to for-profit entities, with the exception of certain agricultural subsidies. In the absence of authoritative U.S. GAAP guidance, the Company considered the application of other authoritative accounting guidance by analogy and concluded that the guidance outlined in International Accounting Standard 20 – Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosures of Government Assistance (“IAS 20”) was the most appropriate analogy for the purpose of recording and classifying the federal funds received by the Company. Under IAS 20, once it is reasonably assured that the entity will comply with the conditions of the grant, the grant money should be recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate. The Company recognizes grants once both of the following conditions are met: (1) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant and (2) the grant is received. Further, IAS 20 permits for the recognition in earnings either (1) separately under a general heading such as other income, or (2) as a reduction of the related expenses. The Company records such grants either as a reduction of the related expense, a reduction of the cost of the related asset, or as other income depending upon the nature of the grant. Income Tax. The liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements using the statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recorded in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date under the law. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not standard. Deferred income tax assets are evaluated annually to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years. We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position, and for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not criteria, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in Income tax expense. Investment Tax Credit On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA’) was signed into law. The IRA includes significant extensions, expansions, and enhancements of numerous energy-related tax credits and also creates new credits in multiple categories. The law provides an election to transfer (i.e., sell) certain credits to another taxpayer in an effort to monetize them. The Company might achieve a better economic benefit by selling the credit in situations where sufficient taxable income is not available to use all or a portion of the income tax credit or in which using such credits might take multiple tax years. The scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740: Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) does not directly address how to account for transferable tax credits, however multiple acceptable views to account for transferable credits exists, including accounting for the entire credit outside of income taxes in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, analogous treatment to governmental grants under IAS 20. The Company’s capital investment in the RNG project generated a tax credit under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), which provides an energy tax credit for investments in renewable energy property. Our activities in the renewable energy space may continue to generate eligible transferable tax credits in the future that we may seek monetization for. The Company has elected to apply a policy similar to the accounting method described in IAS 20 and recorded the transferable tax credit as a credit against the related asset, thus, reducing the amount of depreciation expense to be recognized over the remaining useful life of the associated asset. On September 18, 2024, we sold approximately $15.3 million in Investment Tax Credits (“ITCs”) to a corporate buyer. This transaction monetized IRA Investment Tax Credits generated from the commercialization of the RNG Project by Gevo NW Iowa RNG, LLC and provided net cash proceeds of approximately $14.0 million to us after transaction fees. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $15.3 million as a reduction to Property, plant, and equipment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. USDA Grant In September 2023, we received a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) through its Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities grant for Gevo’s Climate-Smart Farm-to-Flight Program (the “USDA Grant”). The USDA Grant was awarded for up to $46.3 million, of which $30.0 million is anticipated being reimbursed to Gevo from the USDA Grant, contingent on Gevo’s spend of up to $43.3 million and other third-party spend of up to $3.0 million. The project expects to create critical structural climate-smart market incentives for corn with a low carbon intensity (“CI”) score as well as to accelerate the production of SAF to reduce dependency on fossil-based fuels. In addition, this program will help provide support and incentive payments for farmers to produce, measure, report and verify low CI corn using climate smart agricultural practices, as well as accelerate development of the low-CI corn supply chain for low-carbon ethanol and SAF. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred $6.8 million of costs under the USDA Grant, which are included in Project development costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $4.6 million of grant reimbursements, as a reduction to Project development costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, which represents reimbursements for prior period costs. The Company expects to be reimbursed for all remaining costs not yet reimbursed by the USDA under the grant in future periods. Income Taxes. In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company estimates the actual amount of taxes currently payable or receivable as well as deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using currently enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities generally have a direct impact on earnings in the period of the changes. Where applicable tax laws and regulations are either unclear or subject to varying interpretations, it is possible that changes in these estimates could occur that materially affect the amounts of deferred income tax assets and liabilities recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Each period, we evaluate the likelihood of whether or not some portion or all of each deferred tax asset will be realized and provide a valuation allowance for those deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the related benefits will not be realized. When evaluating our valuation allowance, we consider historic and future expected levels of taxable income, the pattern and timing of reversals of taxable temporary timing differences that give rise to deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning initiatives. Levels of future taxable income are affected by, among other things, production costs, interest rates, and federal and local legislation. If we determine that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance will be recorded with a charge to income tax expense. Conversely, if we determine that we will ultimately be able to realize all or a portion of the related benefits for which a valuation allowance has been provided, all or a portion of the related valuation allowance will be reduced with a credit to income tax expense. In addition, the calculation of income tax expense involves significant management estimation and judgment involving a number of assumptions. In determining these amounts, management interprets tax legislation in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate and makes estimates of the expected timing of the reversal of future tax assets and liabilities. We also make assumptions about future earnings, tax planning strategies and the extent to which potential future tax benefits will be used. We are also subject to assessments by various taxation authorities which may interpret tax legislation differently, which could affect the final amount or the timing of tax payments. The Company may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties by major tax jurisdictions, although there have been no such assessments historically with any material impact to its financial results. The Company would recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accrued interest and penalties would be included within the related tax liability line in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Recently Issued, Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Income Taxes. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in ASU 2023-09 prospectively to all annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Income Statement Disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) ("ASU 2024-03"). ASU 2024-03 will require companies to disaggregate, within the notes to the financial statements, certain expenses presented on the face of the financial statements to enhance transparency and help investors better understand an entity's performance. The amendment will specifically require that an entity disclose the amounts related to purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible asset amortization. Entities will also be required to provide a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, provide a definition of what constitutes selling expenses. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2024-03 on the Company’s financial statement disclosures. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Segment Reporting. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 would enhance disclosures for significant segment expenses for all public entities required to report segment information in accordance with ASC 280. ASC 280 requires a public entity to report for each reportable segment a measure of segment profit or loss that its chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) uses to assess segment performance and to make decisions about resource allocations. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more useful financial analyses. Currently, Topic 280 requires that a public entity disclose certain information about its reportable segments. For example, a public entity is required to report a measure of segment profit or loss that the CODM uses to assess segment performance and make decisions about allocating resources. ASC 280 also requires other specified segment items and amounts such as depreciation, amortization and depletion expense to be disclosed under certain circumstances. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 do not change or remove those disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 also do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in ASU 2023-07 retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted this guidance in the fourth quarter of 2024. The requirements of this ASU are disclosure-related and did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and results of operations. See Note 22, Segments, for the updated segment disclosures

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation. The Consolidated Financial Statements of Gevo include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation. The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). These statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Estimates are subject to uncertainties due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change and affect items such as valuing identified intangible assets; evaluating impairments of long-lived assets and goodwill; establishing estimated useful lives for long-lived assets; acquisition accounting; estimating revenues, expenses for services received but for which no invoice has been received and capital expenditures; recognizing share-based compensation expense; and determining liabilities, if any, for legal contingencies.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Customers. The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents in excess of the federally insured limits. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high credit-quality financial institutions and are primarily in demand deposit accounts and money market funds. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, one customer accounted for 86% and 100% of trade accounts receivable, net, and 93% and 90% of total revenue, respectively.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in highly liquid interest-bearing money market accounts or non-interest-bearing demand accounts. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash is classified as current or non-current based on the terms of the underlying agreements and represents cash held as deposits and cash collateral for financial letters of credit.

Trade Accounts Receivable, net. The Company records receivables for products shipped but for which payment has not yet been received. The Company records an allowance for credit losses for amounts not expected to be collected. The Company estimates the allowance based on expected credit losses.

Inventories. Inventory is recorded at net realizable value. Isobutanol inventory cost consists of the applicable share of raw material, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Work in process inventory includes unfinished SAF, isooctane and isooctene inventory. Spare Parts inventory consists of the parts required to maintain the Company’s Luverne Facility and is recorded at cost. For each reporting period, the Company reviews the value of inventories on hand to estimate the recoverability through future sales. The Company reduces its inventories with adjustments for lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined by the average cost method.

Environmental Attribute Inventory. The Company generates D3 Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”) and Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) credits (collectively, “environmental attributes”) through the production of RNG used for transportation purposes as prescribed under the Renewable Fuels Standard program (“RFS”). Environmental attribute inventory is included as a component of “Inventories” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company intends to actively market and sell environmental attributes and as such records them as inventory. Accordingly, the Company allocates the costs of production based on the relative sales value of all revenue items for the NW Iowa RNG operations. The value of the environmental attributes is reviewed for potential write-downs based on the net realizable value methodology. Revenue is recognized on these environmental attributes when there is an agreement in place to monetize the credits at an agreed upon price with a customer based upon defined third party market prices and a transfer of control has occurred.

Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of the lease agreement or the service lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Assets under construction are depreciated when they are placed into service. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and expenditures for major improvements are capitalized.

Construction in Progress. Construction in progress represents expenditures necessary to bring an asset, project, new facilities or equipment to the condition and location necessary for its intended use and are capitalized and recorded at cost. Once completed and ready for its intended use, the asset is transferred to property, plant and equipment to be depreciated or amortized.

Depreciation and Amortization. Capitalized costs are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method at rates sufficient to depreciate such costs over the shorter of estimated productive lives of such assets or the useful life of the individual assets. The estimates of productive lives may change, possibly in the near term, resulting in changes to depreciation and amortization rates in future reporting periods.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company evaluates the recoverability of the recorded amount of long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, licenses, patents, operating lease right-of-use assets, and finance lease right-of-use assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is considered to be impaired if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. If the Company determines that an asset is impaired, it measures the impairment to be recognized as the amount by which the recorded amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. No impairment losses on tangible and intangible assets were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023.

Leases, Right-of-Use Assets and Related Liabilities. The Company enters into various arrangements which constitute a lease as defined by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, as part of its ongoing business activities and operations. Leases represent a contract or part of a contract that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Such contracts result in both (a) right-of-use assets, which represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the term of the contract; and (b) a corresponding lease liability which represents the Company’s obligation to make the lease payments arising from the contract. The Company has elected not to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for any lease with an original lease term of 12 months or less. Lease expense for such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

A lease is classified as a finance lease when one or more of the following criteria are met: (i) the lease transfers ownership of the asset by the end of the lease term, (ii) the lease contains an option to purchase the asset that is reasonably certain to be exercised, (iii) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining useful life of the asset, (iv) the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset, or (v) the asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. If a lease does not meet any of these criteria, the lease is classified as an operating lease.

Lease liabilities are initially measured at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, discounted using an estimate of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate for a collateralized loan with the same term and payment as the lease. Right-of-use assets are measured based on the amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the lease commencement date less any lease incentives received. All right-of-use assets are evaluated for impairment in accordance with accounting standards applicable to long-lived assets.

Renewal options are included in the calculation of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when the Company determines that the option is reasonably certain of exercise based on an analysis of the relevant facts and circumstances. Certain of the Company’s leases require variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate and such payments are excluded from the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability and are recognized as variable lease cost when incurred.

Lease cost for operating leases consists of the fixed lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term plus variable lease payments as incurred. Lease cost for finance leases consists of amortization of the right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis over the lease term, interest expense on the lease liability and variable lease payments as incurred.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for its corporate office lease asset class.

Intangible assets. Intangible assets consist of patents, developed technology, a customer-related intangible, and trade names. Costs related to patents, including legal fees, customer-related intangible, and trade names are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Amortization expense is recorded in “Depreciation and amortization” in the Operating expenses section of the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For intangibles purchased in acquisitions, the useful life is determined by valuation estimates of remaining economic life. The Company periodically evaluates the amortization period and carrying value of its intangible assets to determine whether any events or circumstances warrant revised estimated useful life or reduction in value.

Capitalized Software Costs. The Company capitalizes significant costs incurred in the development of software for internal use, including the costs of the software, materials, consultants, and payroll and payroll related costs for employees incurred in developing internal use computer software. Planning costs incurred prior to the development of software and costs not qualifying for capitalization are charged to expense. The Company amortizes capitalized software over a period of five years, which is the expected useful life of the software.

Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually or whenever indications of impairment exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, resulting in an impairment charge for this excess, with the maximum charge limited to the carrying value of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Our annual impairment testing date is August 1st. Gevo can elect to qualitatively assess goodwill for impairment if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value. A qualitative assessment considers macroeconomic and other industry-specific factors, such as trends in short-term and long-term interest rates and the ability to access capital, and Company specific factors such as market capitalization in excess of net assets, trends in revenue generating activities, and merger or acquisition activity.

If the Company elects to bypass qualitatively assessing goodwill, or it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, management estimates the fair values of each of the Company’s reporting units (defined as the Company’s businesses for which financial information is available and reviewed regularly by management) and compares it to their carrying values. The estimated fair values of the reporting units are established using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions about the future operating results and cash flows of each reporting unit, a market approach which compares each reporting unit to comparable companies in their respective industries, as well as a market capitalization analysis.

Borrowing Costs. The borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of an asset that needs a substantially long period of time for its intended use to begin are capitalized and recorded as part of the cost of the asset when expenditures for the asset and borrowing costs have been incurred, and the activities relating to the acquisition and construction that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use have commenced. The capitalization of borrowing costs ceases when the asset under acquisition or construction becomes ready for its intended use and the borrowing costs incurred thereafter are recognized in profit or loss for the current period. The capitalization of borrowing costs is suspended during periods in which the acquisition or construction of an asset is interrupted abnormally and the interruption lasts for more than three months, until the acquisition or construction is resumed.

Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discounts/Premiums. Debt issuance costs are costs with third parties incurred in connection with the Company’s debt financings that have been capitalized and are being amortized over the stated maturity period or estimated life of the related debt using the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs are presented as a direct reduction of the carrying amount of the related debt. Debt discounts, including fees paid to lenders, and debt premiums are amortized over the life of the related debt using the effective interest method. Debt discounts and premiums are presented as a reduction and increase, respectively, in the carrying amount of the related debt. Amortization of debt issuance costs, discounts and premiums is included in interest expense.

Warrants. Warrants are classified as a component of permanent equity when they are freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the shares of common stock with which they were issued, are immediately exercisable, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise and do not provide any guarantee of value or return.

Variable Interest Entities. The Company enters into agreements with special purpose entities (“SPEs”), some of which are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), in the ordinary course of business. A legal entity is considered a VIE if it has either a total equity investment that is insufficient to finance its operations without additional subordinated financial support or whose equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. The Company’s variable interests arise from contractual or other monetary interests in the entity. The typical condition for a controlling financial interest ownership is holding a majority of the voting interests of an entity; however, a controlling financial interest may also exist in entities, such as VIEs, through arrangements that do not involve controlling voting interests.

The Company consolidates a VIE if it is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The Company determines it is the primary beneficiary if it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or has the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company evaluates its relationships with its VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine whether it is the primary beneficiary. See Footnote 21 below for further information.

Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Revenue from the Company’s point in time product sales is recognized when products are transferred, or services are invoiced and control transferred. The Company has presented the disclosures required by ASC 606, see Note 3, Revenues from Contracts with Customers and Other Revenue.

Cost of Production. Cost of production includes costs incurred in operations for the production of RNG and isobutanol, as well as costs for direct materials, direct labor and certain plant overhead costs, and plant utilities including natural gas and wind power. Direct materials consist of manure feedstock and process chemicals. Direct labor includes compensation of personnel directly involved in production operations.

Research and Development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company’s research and development costs consist of expenses incurred to identify, develop, and test its technologies for the production of isobutanol and the development of downstream applications thereof. Research and development expense includes personnel costs (including stock-based compensation), consultants and related contract research, facility costs, supplies, license fees and milestone payments paid to third parties for use of their intellectual property and patent rights and other direct and allocated expenses incurred to support the Company’s overall research and development programs.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. The Company’s general and administrative costs consist of personnel costs (including stock-based compensation), consulting and service provider expenses (including patent counsel-related costs), legal fees, marketing costs, insurance costs, occupancy-related costs, travel and relocation expenses and hiring expenses. Our corporate personnel, consisting of subject matter experts, including chemists, engineers, and sustainability experts, dedicate the majority of their time and efforts for the development of our projects.

Project Development Costs. Project development costs consist of consulting, preliminary engineering costs, and personnel costs, including stock-based compensation.

Stock-Based Compensation. The Company’s stock-based compensation expense includes expenses associated with share-based awards granted to employees and board members. Our stock-based compensation is classified as either an equity award or a liability award in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The fair value of an equity-classified award is determined at the grant date and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of a liability-classified award is determined on a quarterly basis through the final vesting date and is amortized based on the current fair value of the award and the percentage of vesting period incurred to date.

The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation plans under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions in accordance with applicable accounting standards, which require all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options and restricted stock awards, to be measured based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The grant date fair value for stock option awards is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the grant date fair value for restricted stock awards is based upon the closing price of the Company’s

common stock on the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation costs for share-based payment awards granted to employees net of actual forfeitures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is currently the vesting term of up to three years.

Governmental Grants. There is no U.S. GAAP that explicitly covers accounting for government "grants" to for-profit entities, with the exception of certain agricultural subsidies. In the absence of authoritative U.S. GAAP guidance, the Company considered the application of other authoritative accounting guidance by analogy and concluded that the guidance outlined in International Accounting Standard 20 – Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosures of Government Assistance (“IAS 20”) was the most appropriate analogy for the purpose of recording and classifying the federal funds received by the Company. Under IAS 20, once it is reasonably assured that the entity will comply with the conditions of the grant, the grant money should be recognized on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognizes the related expenses or losses for which the grant money is intended to compensate.

The Company recognizes grants once both of the following conditions are met: (1) the Company is able to comply with the relevant conditions of the grant and (2) the grant is received. Further, IAS 20 permits for the recognition in earnings either (1) separately under a general heading such as other income, or (2) as a reduction of the related expenses. The Company records such grants either as a reduction of the related expense, a reduction of the cost of the related asset, or as other income depending upon the nature of the grant.

Income Tax. The liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements using the statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recorded in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date under the law.

We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not standard. Deferred income tax assets are evaluated annually to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years.

We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position, and for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not criteria, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in Income tax expense.

Investment Tax Credit

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA’) was signed into law. The IRA includes significant extensions, expansions, and enhancements of numerous energy-related tax credits and also creates new credits in multiple categories. The law provides an election to transfer (i.e., sell) certain credits to another taxpayer in an effort to monetize them. The Company might achieve a better economic benefit by selling the credit in situations where sufficient taxable income is not available to use all or a portion of the income tax credit or in which using such credits might take multiple tax years.

The scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740: Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) does not directly address how to account for transferable tax credits, however multiple acceptable views to account for transferable credits exists, including accounting for the entire credit outside of income taxes in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, analogous treatment to governmental grants under IAS 20.

The Company’s capital investment in the RNG project generated a tax credit under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), which provides an energy tax credit for investments in renewable energy property. Our activities in the renewable energy space may continue to generate eligible transferable tax credits in the future that we may seek monetization for. The Company has elected to apply a policy similar to the accounting method described in IAS 20 and recorded the transferable tax credit as a credit against the related asset, thus, reducing the amount of depreciation expense to be recognized over the remaining useful life of the associated asset.

On September 18, 2024, we sold approximately $15.3 million in Investment Tax Credits (“ITCs”) to a corporate buyer. This transaction monetized IRA Investment Tax Credits generated from the commercialization of the RNG Project by Gevo NW Iowa RNG, LLC and provided net cash proceeds of approximately $14.0 million to us after transaction fees. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $15.3 million as a reduction to Property, plant, and equipment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

USDA Grant

In September 2023, we received a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) through its Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities grant for Gevo’s Climate-Smart Farm-to-Flight Program (the “USDA Grant”). The USDA Grant was awarded for up to $46.3 million, of which $30.0 million is anticipated being reimbursed to Gevo from the USDA Grant, contingent on Gevo’s spend of up to $43.3 million and other third-party spend of up to $3.0 million. The project expects to create critical structural climate-smart market incentives for corn with a low carbon intensity (“CI”) score as well as to accelerate the production of SAF to reduce dependency on fossil-based fuels. In addition, this program will help provide support and incentive payments for farmers to produce, measure, report and verify low CI corn using climate smart agricultural practices, as well as accelerate development of the low-CI corn supply chain for low-carbon ethanol and SAF.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred $6.8 million of costs under the USDA Grant, which are included in Project development costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $4.6 million of grant reimbursements, as a reduction to Project development costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, which represents reimbursements for prior period costs. The Company expects to be reimbursed for all remaining costs not yet reimbursed by the USDA under the grant in future periods.

Income Taxes. In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company estimates the actual amount of taxes currently payable or receivable as well as deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using currently enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities generally have a direct impact on earnings in the period of the changes. Where applicable tax laws and regulations are either unclear or subject to varying interpretations, it is possible that changes in these estimates could occur that materially affect the amounts of deferred income tax assets and liabilities recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Each period, we evaluate the likelihood of whether or not some portion or all of each deferred tax asset will be realized and provide a valuation allowance for those deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the related benefits will not be realized. When evaluating our valuation allowance, we consider historic and future expected levels of taxable income, the pattern and timing of reversals of taxable temporary timing differences that give rise to deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning initiatives. Levels of future taxable income are affected by, among other things, production costs, interest rates, and federal and local legislation. If we determine that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance will be recorded with a charge to income tax expense. Conversely, if we determine that we will ultimately be able to realize all or a portion of the related benefits for which a valuation allowance has been provided, all or a portion of the related valuation allowance will be reduced with a credit to income tax expense.

In addition, the calculation of income tax expense involves significant management estimation and judgment involving a number of assumptions. In determining these amounts, management interprets tax legislation in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate and makes estimates of the expected timing of the reversal of future tax assets and liabilities. We also make assumptions about future earnings, tax planning strategies and the extent to which potential future tax benefits will be used. We are also subject to assessments by various taxation authorities which may interpret tax legislation differently, which could affect the final amount or the timing of tax payments.

The Company may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties by major tax jurisdictions, although there have been no such assessments historically with any material impact to its financial results. The Company would recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accrued interest and penalties would be included within the related tax liability line in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Recently Issued, Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Income Taxes. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in ASU 2023-09 prospectively to all annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Income Statement Disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) ("ASU 2024-03"). ASU 2024-03 will require companies to disaggregate, within the notes to the financial statements, certain expenses presented on the face of the financial statements to enhance transparency and help investors better understand an entity's performance. The amendment will specifically require that an entity disclose the amounts related to purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible asset amortization. Entities will also be required to provide a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, provide a definition of what constitutes selling expenses. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2024-03 on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Segment Reporting. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 would enhance disclosures for significant segment expenses for all public entities required to report segment information in accordance with ASC 280. ASC 280 requires a public entity to report for each reportable segment a measure of segment profit or loss that its chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) uses to assess segment performance and to make decisions about resource allocations. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more useful financial analyses. Currently, Topic 280 requires that a public entity disclose certain information about its reportable segments. For example, a public entity is required to report a measure of segment profit or loss that the CODM uses to assess segment performance and make decisions about allocating resources. ASC 280 also requires other specified segment items and amounts such as depreciation, amortization and depletion expense to be disclosed under certain circumstances. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 do not change or remove those disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 also do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years

beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in ASU 2023-07 retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted this guidance in the fourth quarter of 2024. The requirements of this ASU are disclosure-related and did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and results of operations. See Note 22, Segments, for the updated segment disclosures