Nature of Business, Financial Condition and Basis of Presentation	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Nature of Business, Financial Condition and Basis of Presentation
Nature of Business, Financial Condition and Basis of Presentation	1. Nature of Business, Financial Condition and Basis of Presentation Nature of business. Gevo, Inc. (Nasdaq: GEVO) (“Gevo”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company,” which, unless otherwise indicated, refers to Gevo, Inc. and its subsidiaries), a Delaware corporation founded in 2005, is a growth-oriented, carbon abatement company with the mission of solving greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions for those sectors of the transportation industry that are not amenable to electrification or hydrogen. Gevo is a next-generation diversified energy company committed to fueling America’s future with cost-effective, drop-in fuels that contribute to energy security, abate carbon, and strengthen rural communities to drive economic growth. Gevo’s innovative technology can be used to make a variety of renewable products, including SAF, motor fuels, chemicals, and other materials. Gevo’s business model includes developing, financing, and operating production facilities that create jobs and revitalize communities. Gevo owns and operates one of the largest dairy-based renewable natural gas (“RNG”) facilities in the United States, turning by-products into clean, reliable energy. We also operate an ethanol plant with an adjacent CCS facility, further solidifying America’s leadership in energy innovation. Additionally, Gevo owns the world’s first production facility for specialty ATJ fuels and chemicals. Through its Verity subsidiary, Gevo provides transparency, accountability and efficiency in tracking, measuring and verifying various attributes throughout the supply chain. By strengthening rural economies, Gevo is working to secure a self-sufficient future and to make sure value is brought to the market. Each of the market areas in which Gevo focuses have in common the need for carbon-based products and are not conducive to full electrification or hydrogen. We produce, sell, and trace renewable, drop-in products for these sectors, and generate carbon abatement value through our plant design and business systems. Carbon abatement value can be valorized via Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”), state credits, Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) tax credits, and the value of Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions for end customers. Gevo operates in the sustainable energy sector, focusing on innovative solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and advancing low-carbon energy alternatives. The company’s efforts are primarily concentrated in two key focus areas: GevoFuels and Gevo RNG. Alcohol-to-Jet Projects In early 2021, we announced our proprietary “Alcohol-to-Jet Projects” that we are developing and engineering as a series of planned facilities to produce energy dense liquid hydrocarbons using renewable energy and our proprietary technology. Our Alcohol-to-Jet Projects will convert renewable energy (e.g., photosynthetic, wind, and RNG) from a variety of sources into energy dense liquid hydrocarbons that, when burned in traditional engines, has the potential to achieve net zero GHG emissions across the whole lifecycle of the liquid fuel: from the way carbon is captured from the atmosphere, processed to make liquid fuel products, and burned as a fuel for planes, cars, trucks, and ships. Gevo owns our Alcohol-to-Jet plant designs and the overall Gevo net zero process (i.e., the process to enable carbon-negative olefins, and hydrocarbon fuels with an anticipated net zero or better carbon footprint measured across the lifecycle of the whole processes). The proprietary Gevo Alcohol-to-Jet processes and plant designs are based upon the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols, followed by the conversion of the alcohols to olefins (i.e., building blocks for chemicals, plastics, and fuels), and then the conversion of the olefins into fuels, all optimized and integrated to achieve a net zero carbon footprint. Our partners in developing and executing the Net Zero projects have included Fluid Quip Technologies, LLC, PRAJ Industries Limited (“PRAJ”), Zero6 Clean Energy Assets, Inc. (“Zero6”), McDermott International Ltd., and Fagen, Inc. Gevo owns the overall proprietary plant designs, engineering details, integration technologies, and has filed patents on several process improvements. Our initial Alcohol-to-Jet Project, Alcohol-to-Jet 60 (“ATJ-60”, is expected to be located in Lake Preston, South Dakota, and is being currently designed to produce approximately 65 million gallons per year (“MGPY”) of total hydrocarbon volumes, including 60 MGPY of SAF. Along with the hydrocarbons, ATJ-60 is being currently designed to produce approximately 1.3 billion pounds per year of high-value protein products for use in the food chain and approximately 30 million pounds per year of corn oil. Our products will be produced in three steps: the first step is milling the corn and the production of protein, oil, and carbohydrates, the second step produces alcohols using fermentation and the third step is the conversion of the alcohols into hydrocarbons. We are also developing other commercial production projects for SAF at other locations in the United States where we expect to use our Alcohol-to-Jet plant designs based on work done for ATJ-60 at Lake Preston. Gevo expects to play the role of project developer, plant designer, technology licensor, and investor, based on traditional developer business models where the developer gets a partial ownership stake for developing the project. We may also co-invest in projects to increase our equity ownership in those projects. Renewable Natural Gas Project Gevo’s RNG facilities in Northwest Iowa (“NW Iowa RNG”), recorded in the Renewable Natural Gas segment, produce RNG captured from dairy cow manure supplied by three local dairies. Animal manure can be digested anaerobically to produce biogas, which is then upgraded to pipeline quality gas referred to as RNG. In addition, in 2024 we completed an expansion to the RNG Project to increase its annual expected output from 355,000 MMBtu to 400,000 MMBtu. We sell our RNG to the California market through an agreement with BP Canada Energy Marketing Corp. and BP Products North America Inc. (collectively, “BP”). In addition, we generate and sell Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) credits as well as D3 Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”) through the production of RNG (collectively, “environmental attributes”). Luverne Facility Gevo’s development plant in Luverne, Minnesota (the “Luverne Facility”) is currently being used for market development and customer education, but is not currently operating as a production plant. The Luverne Facility was originally constructed in 1998 and is located on approximately 55 acres of land, which contains approximately 50,000 square feet of building space. Gevo may use the Luverne Facility in the future to prove our processes, process concepts, unit operations and for other purposes to optimize feedstocks and the processes used for producing hydrocarbons from alcohols.

Nature of Business, Financial Condition and Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Nature of Business, Financial Condition and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business, Financial Condition and Basis of Presentation

1. Nature of Business, Financial Condition and Basis of Presentation

Nature of business. Gevo, Inc. (Nasdaq: GEVO) (“Gevo”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company,” which, unless otherwise indicated, refers to Gevo, Inc. and its subsidiaries), a Delaware corporation founded in 2005, is a growth-oriented, carbon abatement company with the mission of solving greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions for those sectors of the transportation industry that are not amenable to electrification or hydrogen.

Gevo is a next-generation diversified energy company committed to fueling America’s future with cost-effective, drop-in fuels that contribute to energy security, abate carbon, and strengthen rural communities to drive economic growth. Gevo’s innovative technology can be used to make a variety of renewable products, including SAF, motor fuels, chemicals, and other materials. Gevo’s business model includes developing, financing, and operating production facilities that create jobs and revitalize communities. Gevo owns and operates one of the largest dairy-based renewable natural gas (“RNG”) facilities in the United States, turning by-products into clean, reliable energy. We also operate an ethanol plant with an adjacent CCS facility, further solidifying America’s leadership in energy innovation. Additionally, Gevo owns the world’s first production facility for specialty ATJ fuels and chemicals. Through its Verity subsidiary, Gevo provides transparency, accountability and efficiency in tracking, measuring and verifying various attributes throughout the supply chain. By strengthening rural economies, Gevo is working to secure a self-sufficient future and to make sure value is brought to the market. Each of the market areas in which Gevo focuses have in common the need for carbon-based products and are not conducive to full electrification or hydrogen. We produce, sell, and trace renewable, drop-in products for these sectors, and generate carbon abatement value through our plant design and business systems. Carbon abatement value can be valorized via Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”), state credits, Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) tax credits, and the value of Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions for end customers. Gevo operates in the sustainable energy sector, focusing on innovative solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and advancing low-carbon energy alternatives. The company’s efforts are primarily concentrated in two key focus areas: GevoFuels and Gevo RNG.

Alcohol-to-Jet Projects

In early 2021, we announced our proprietary “Alcohol-to-Jet Projects” that we are developing and engineering as a series of planned facilities to produce energy dense liquid hydrocarbons using renewable energy and our proprietary technology. Our Alcohol-to-Jet Projects will convert renewable energy (e.g., photosynthetic, wind, and RNG) from a variety of sources into energy dense liquid hydrocarbons that, when burned in traditional engines, has the potential to achieve net zero GHG emissions across the whole lifecycle of the liquid fuel: from the way carbon is captured from the atmosphere, processed to make liquid fuel products, and burned as a fuel for planes, cars, trucks, and ships. Gevo owns our Alcohol-to-Jet plant designs and the overall Gevo net zero process (i.e., the process to enable carbon-negative olefins, and hydrocarbon fuels with an anticipated net zero or better carbon footprint measured across the lifecycle of the whole processes). The proprietary Gevo Alcohol-to-Jet processes and plant designs are based upon the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols, followed by the conversion of the alcohols to olefins (i.e., building blocks for chemicals, plastics, and fuels), and then the conversion of the olefins into fuels, all optimized and integrated to achieve a net zero carbon footprint. Our partners in developing and executing the Net Zero projects have included Fluid Quip Technologies, LLC, PRAJ Industries Limited (“PRAJ”), Zero6 Clean Energy Assets, Inc. (“Zero6”), McDermott International Ltd., and Fagen, Inc. Gevo owns the overall proprietary plant designs, engineering details, integration technologies, and has filed patents on several process improvements.

Our initial Alcohol-to-Jet Project, Alcohol-to-Jet 60 (“ATJ-60”, is expected to be located in Lake Preston, South Dakota, and is being currently designed to produce approximately 65 million gallons per year (“MGPY”) of total hydrocarbon volumes, including 60 MGPY of SAF. Along with the hydrocarbons, ATJ-60 is being currently designed to produce approximately 1.3 billion pounds per year of high-value protein products for use in the food chain and approximately 30 million pounds per year of corn oil. Our products will be produced in three steps: the first step is milling the corn and the production of protein, oil, and carbohydrates, the second step produces alcohols using fermentation and the third step is the conversion of the alcohols into hydrocarbons.

We are also developing other commercial production projects for SAF at other locations in the United States where we expect to use our Alcohol-to-Jet plant designs based on work done for ATJ-60 at Lake Preston. Gevo expects to play the role of project developer, plant designer, technology licensor, and investor, based on traditional developer business models where the developer gets a partial ownership stake for developing the project. We may also co-invest in projects to increase our equity ownership in those projects.

Renewable Natural Gas Project

Gevo’s RNG facilities in Northwest Iowa (“NW Iowa RNG”), recorded in the Renewable Natural Gas segment, produce RNG captured from dairy cow manure supplied by three local dairies. Animal manure can be digested anaerobically to produce biogas, which is then upgraded to pipeline quality gas referred to as RNG. In addition, in 2024 we completed an expansion to the RNG Project to increase its annual expected output from 355,000 MMBtu to 400,000 MMBtu. We sell our RNG to the California market through an agreement with BP Canada Energy Marketing Corp. and BP Products North America Inc. (collectively, “BP”). In addition, we generate and sell Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) credits as well as D3 Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”) through the production of RNG (collectively, “environmental attributes”).

Luverne Facility

Gevo’s development plant in Luverne, Minnesota (the “Luverne Facility”) is currently being used for market development and customer education, but is not currently operating as a production plant. The Luverne Facility was originally constructed in 1998 and is located on approximately 55 acres of land, which contains approximately 50,000 square feet of building space. Gevo may use the Luverne Facility in the future to prove our processes, process concepts, unit operations and for other purposes to optimize feedstocks and the processes used for producing hydrocarbons from alcohols.