485APOS 1 a17-1696_1485apos.htm POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT FILED PURSUANT TO SECURITIES ACT RULE 485(A)

 

Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 20, 2017

Securities Act of 1933 File No. 333-141120

Investment Company Act of 1940 File No. 811-22027

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

FORM N-1A

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

x

 

 

Pre-Effective Amendment No.      

o

Post-Effective Amendment No. 148

x

 

 

and

 

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

x

 

 

Amendment No. 150

x

 

(Check Appropriate Box or Boxes)

 

FUNDVANTAGE TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

301 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, DE 19809

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (302) 791-1851

 

Joel L. Weiss

JW Fund Management LLC

100 Springdale Road, Suite A3-416

Cherry Hill, NJ 08003

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copies to:

 

Joseph V. Del Raso, Esq.

Pepper Hamilton LLP

3000 Two Logan Square

Philadelphia, PA 19103

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

 

o            immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

o            on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

o            60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

o            on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

x           75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

o            on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

o                                    This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 



 

 

Arabesque Asset Management Ltd

 

Arabesque Systematic USA Fund

 

Investor Class

 

Institutional Class

[·]

 

[·]

 

Arabesque Systematic International Fund

 

Investor Class

 

Institutional Class

[·]

 

[·]

 

of

 

FundVantage Trust

 

PROSPECTUS

 

[·, 2017]

 

These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission determined whether this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 



 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Fund Summaries

1

 

 

Arabesque Systematic USA Fund

1

 

 

Arabesque Systematic International Fund

6

 

 

More Information about the Funds’ Investment Objectives, Strategies and Risks

11

Investment Objective

11

Additional Information about the Funds’ Investment Strategies

11

Risks

12

 

 

More Information about Management of the Funds

14

Investment Adviser

14

Portfolio Manager

14

Analysts

14

 

 

Shareholder Information

15

Pricing of Shares

15

Purchase of Shares

16

To Open an Account

17

To Add to an Account

18

Redemption of Shares

21

To Redeem from Your Account

22

Transaction Policies

24

Shareholder Services

26

Distributions

26

More Information about Taxes

26

 

 

For More Information

Back Cover

 



 

FUND SUMMARIES

 

ARABESQUE SYSTEMATIC USA FUND

 

Investment Objective

 

Arabesque Systematic USA Fund (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation over the full market cycle with below benchmark levels of risk.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment):

 

 

 

Investor Class

 

Institutional Class

 

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed within 30 days of purchase)

 

1.00

%

1.00

%

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):

 

Management Fees

 

0.75

%

0.75

%

Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Fees

 

0.25

%

None

 

Other Expenses(1)

 

[·]

%

[·]

%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(2)

 

[·]

%

[·]

%

Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)

 

[·]

%

[·]

%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)

 

[1.20]

%

[0.95]

%

 


(1)  Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

 

(2)  Arabesque Investment Management Ltd (“Arabesque” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to reduce its investment advisory fee and/or reimburse certain expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary to ensure that the Fund’s total operating expenses (excluding taxes, any class-specific fees and expenses, interest, extraordinary items, “Acquired Fund” fees and expenses and brokerage commissions) do not exceed 1.20% and 0.95%  (on an annual basis) with respect to the Fund’s average daily net assets of the Investor Class and the Institutional Class, respectively (the “Expense Limitation”). The Expense Limitation will remain in place until [August 31, 2020] unless the Board of Trustees of FundVantage Trust (the “Trust”) approves its earlier termination.

 

1



 

Example

 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares of the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

 

 

1 Year

 

3 Years

 

Investor Class

 

$

[·]

 

$

[·]

 

Institutional Class

 

$

[·]

 

$

[·]

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Portfolio turnover is only shown when the Fund has had a full calendar year of operations.

 

Summary of Principal Investment Strategies

 

Under normal circumstances the Fund invests in a portfolio consisting of equity securities of US issuers and U.S. dollar denominated cash and cash instruments. The Fund typically maintains between 0% and 100% of its assets in the equity portion of its portfolio (the “equity portfolio”) and between 0% and 100% in the cash portion of its portfolio (the “cash portfolio”); however, the Adviser will rebalance the Fund’s assets daily and may allocate between 0% and 100% of its assets in either the equity portfolio or the cash portfolio. The Fund aims to provide risk-controlled equity upside exposure by dynamically allocating between equities and cash. The investment process is systematic and based on a set of rules which are implemented by quantitative processes overseen by Arabesque’s investment committee. This rules-based investment strategy combines a proprietary analysis of relevant non-financial issues, such as environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) risks, with a rules-based fundamental security analysis and a systematic asset allocation and risk management strategy.

 

The systematic investment strategy consists of three main components: (1) Construction of the Investment Universe, (2) Asset Allocation and (3) Stock Selection.

 

(1) Construction of the Investment Universe: The Fund considers all publicly listed US equities. The Fund combines Arabesque’s proprietary assessment of non-financial risk factors such as environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) issues, Arabesque’s proprietary assessment of alignment with the principles of the UN Global Compact, liquidity parameters such as market capitalization, daily turnover and free float to identify the Fund’s investment universe of eligible US equity securities. The Fund does not consider for investment companies which generate more than 5% of its revenues from weapons, gambling or tobacco. The identification of the Fund’s investment universe of eligible US equity securities is performed quarterly.

 

(2) Asset Allocation: On a daily basis, the Fund assesses the equity market risk and calculates the allocation between equity securities and cash for the Fund. The assessment is performed with a rules-based procedure. The allocation into equity securities ranges from 0% to 100% with the remainder of the Fund’s NAV invested into cash and cash instruments.

 

(3) Stock Selection: After determining the allocation to the equity portfolio, the Fund then selects securities with an initial target weight ranging from 0% to 1% per position from the investment universe. The stock selection is based on a rules-based portfolio optimization taking into consideration price information, financial data, analyst estimates and transaction costs.

 

The Fund’s stock selection process generally favors stocks with a positive price momentum. Every stock in the portfolio has a risk-limit which leads to the selective selling of stocks, which have, in the Adviser’s view, a negative price

 

2



 

momentum. The combination of both effects typically leads to a ‘Moderate Growth’ bias of the Fund’s stock portfolio.

 

In certain instances, the Fund may use derivatives, such as options and futures contracts, as a substitute for direct investment in equity securities.  This would be done to facilitate the periodic rebalancing of the Fund’s portfolio in order to maintain its target allocation and assist in managing cash.

 

Summary of Principal Risks

 

The Fund is subject to the principal risks summarized below. These risks could adversely affect the Fund’s NAV, yield and total return. It is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Stock Market Risk. The risk that the market value of a security may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The prices of securities change in response to many factors including the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity.

 

Large-Capitalization Company Risk. Large-Capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in technology, and also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

 

Small- and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk. The risk that securities of small or mid-capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies. Generally the smaller the company size, the greater the risk.  Small and mid-capitalization companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, or may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group and their securities may trade less frequently and in lower volume than the securities of larger companies, which could lead to higher transaction costs.

 

Management Risk. As with any managed fund, the Adviser may not be successful in selecting the best-performing securities or investment techniques, and the Fund’s performance may lag behind that of similar funds. The Adviser may also miss out on an investment opportunity because the assets necessary to take advantage of the opportunity are tied up in less advantageous investments.

 

Asset-Allocation Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that the Adviser’s asset allocation decisions between equity securities, on the one hand, and cash instruments, on the other hand, will not anticipate market trends successfully. For example, investing too heavily in common stocks during a stock market decline may result in a failure to preserve capital. Conversely, investing too heavily in cash instruments during a period of stock market appreciation may result in lower total returns.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer will not make timely payments of principal and interest. A credit rating assigned to a particular debt security is essentially the opinion of an NRSRO as to the credit quality of an issuer and may prove to be inaccurate. The cash allocation for the Fund may be held overnight with certain counterparties. The Fund will hold no more than 25% of the Fund’s NAV with any single counterparty. In case there is a default overnight at the institution where cash is held, the Fund may incur losses.

 

Interest Rate Risk. The cash allocation of the Fund is held overnight with the Fund’s counterparties. In case rates fall below zero, the Fund might incur costs for holding cash.

 

Performance Information

 

The Fund’s performance information is only shown in the Fund summary when the Fund has had a full calendar year of operations. Updated performance information is available by calling the Fund toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

Management of the Fund

 

Investment Adviser

 

Arabesque Asset Management Ltd

 

3



 

Portfolio Managers

 

Dr. Hans-Robert Arndt is Head of Quantitative Research at Arabesque and has been with Arabesque since 2013. Dr. Arndt has been a Portfolio Manager to the Fund since its inception in 2017.

 

Philipp Müller, CFA is deputy portfolio manager and has been with Arabesque since 2014. Mr. Müller has been a Portfolio Manager to the Fund since its inception in 2017.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Minimum Investment Requirements

 

Account Type

 

Minimum

 

Investor Class

 

Institutional Class*

 

Regular Accounts

 

Initial Investment

 

$

2,500

 

$

1,000,000

 

 

 

Additional Investments

 

$

250

 

$

None

 

Individual Retirement Accounts

 

Initial Investment

 

$

[·]

 

$

[·]

 

 

 

Additional Investments

 

$

[·]

 

$

[·]

 

Automatic Investment Plan

 

Initial Investment

 

$

[100]

 

$

[·]

 

 

 

Additional Investments

 

$

[50]

 

$

[·]

 

 


*The minimum initial investment is $1,000,000. The initial investment minimum is waived for retirement plans that trade through omnibus accounts. The Fund may also waive the initial investment minimum for certain institutional accounts where it is believed to be in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. Examples include the following:

 

·                  the investor has agreed to make additional investments within a reasonable amount of time;

·                  discretionary wrap programs; and

·                  certain omnibus accounts, such as those purchasing for a fund of funds.

 

Registered investment advisers who invest through certain broker-dealers through an omnibus account may aggregate client orders to meet the $1,000,000 initial investment minimum, provided that the Fund is not required to pay a sub-transfer agent or similar administrative fees per shareholder account to any third party.

 

The Fund may also waive the investment minimum for current or former Directors, Trustees, Officers or employees. For these investors, the minimum initial investment is $2,000, and the minimum for each purchase of additional shares is $50. Additional requirements may apply.

 

You can only purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on days the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open and through the means described below.

 

Purchase or Redemption by Mail:

 

Regular Mail:

 

Arabesque Systematic Funds

FundVantage Trust

c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing

P.O. Box 9829

Providence, RI 02940-8029

 

Overnight Mail:

 

Arabesque Systematic Funds

 

4



 

FundVantage Trust

c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing

4400 Computer Drive

Westborough, MA 01581-1722

(xxx) xxx - xxxx

 

Purchase by Wire:

 

Please contact Fund shareholder services (“Shareholder Services”) toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx for current wire instructions.

 

Redemption by Telephone:

 

Please call Shareholder Services at (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains. Such distributions are not currently taxable when shares are held through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. However, subsequent withdrawals from any tax-deferred account in which the shares are held may be subject to federal income tax.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the financial intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

5



 

ARABESQUE SYSTEMATIC INTERNATIONAL FUND

 

Investment Objective

 

Arabesque Systematic International Fund (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation over the full market cycle with below benchmark levels of risk.

 

Fees and Expenses

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

 

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment):

 

 

 

Investor Class

 

Institutional Class

 

Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed within 30 days of purchase)

 

1.00

%

1.00

%

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):

 

Management Fees

 

0.75

%

0.75

%

Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Fees

 

0.25

%

None

 

Other Expenses(1)

 

[·]

%

[·]

%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(2)

 

[·]

%

[·]

%

Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)

 

[·]

%

[·]

%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)

 

[1.20]

%

[0.95]

%

 


(1)  Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

 

(2)  Arabesque Investment Management Ltd (“Arabesque” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to reduce its investment advisory fee and/or reimburse certain expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary to ensure that the Fund’s total operating expenses (excluding taxes, any class-specific fees and expenses, interest, extraordinary items, “Acquired Fund” fees and expenses and brokerage commissions) do not exceed 1.20% and 0.95%  (on an annual basis) with respect to the Fund’s average daily net assets of the Investor Class and the Institutional Class, respectively (the “Expense Limitation”). The Expense Limitation will remain in place until [August 31, 2020] unless the Board of Trustees of FundVantage Trust (the “Trust”) approves its earlier termination.

 

6



 

Example

 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares of a Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

 

 

1 Year

 

3 Years

 

Investor Class

 

$

[·]

 

$

[·]

 

Institutional Class

 

$

[·]

 

$

[·]

 

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Portfolio turnover is only shown when the Fund has had a full calendar year of operations.

 

Summary of Principal Investment Strategies

 

Under normal circumstances the Fund invests in a portfolio consisting of equity securities of international, developed market issuers and U.S. dollar denominated cash and cash instruments. The Fund typically maintains between 0% and 100% of its assets in the equity portion of its portfolio (the “equity portfolio”) and between 0% and 100% in the cash portion of its portfolio (the “cash portfolio”); however, the Adviser will rebalance the Fund’s assets daily and may allocate between 0% and 100% of its assets in either the equity portfolio or the cash portfolio. The Fund aims to provide risk-controlled equity upside exposure by dynamically allocating between equities and cash. The investment process is systematic and based on a set of rules which are implemented by quantitative processes overseen by Arabesque’s investment committee. This rules-based investment strategy combines a proprietary analysis of relevant non-financial issues, such as environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) risks, with a rules-based fundamental security analysis and a systematic asset allocation and risk management strategy.

 

The systematic investment strategy consists of three main components: (1) Construction of the Investment Universe, (2) Asset Allocation and (3) Stock Selection.

 

(1) Construction of the Investment Universe: The Fund considers all publicly listed international, developed market equities. The Fund combines Arabesque’s proprietary assessment of non-financial risk factors such as environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) issues, Arabesque’s proprietary assessment of alignment with the principles of the UN Global Compact, liquidity parameters such as market capitalization, daily turnover and free float to identify the Fund’s investment universe of eligible of international, developed market equity securities. The Fund does not consider for investment companies which generate more than 5% of its revenues from weapons, gambling or tobacco. The identification of the Fund’s investment universe of eligible of international, developed market equity securities is performed quarterly.

 

(2) Asset Allocation: On a daily basis, the Fund assesses the equity market risk and calculates the allocation between equity securities and cash for the Fund. The assessment is performed with a rules-based procedure. The allocation into equity securities ranges from 0% to 100% with the remainder of the Fund’s NAV invested into cash and cash instruments.

 

(3) Stock Selection: After determining the allocation to the equity portfolio, the Fund then selects securities with an initial target weight ranging from 0% to 1% per position from the investment universe. The stock selection is based on a rules-based portfolio optimization taking into consideration price information, financial data, analyst estimates and transaction costs.

 

The Fund’s stock selection process generally favors stocks with a positive price momentum. Every stock in the portfolio has a risk-limit which leads to the selective the selling of stocks, which have, in the Adviser’s view, a negative price

 

7



 

momentum. The combination of both effects typically leads to a ‘Moderate Growth’ bias of the Fund’s stock portfolio.

 

In certain instances, the Fund may use derivatives, such as options and futures contracts, as a substitute for direct investment in equity securities.  This would be done to facilitate the periodic rebalancing of the Fund’s portfolio in order to maintain its target allocation and assist in managing cash.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests primarily in non-U.S. equity securities. Non-U.S. equity securities are securities of companies that (i) have their principal securities trading market outside the U.S.; (ii) alone or on a consolidated basis derive 50% or more of annual revenue from goods produced, sales made or services performed outside the U.S.; (iii) are organized under the laws of, and have a principal office in, a country other than the U.S.; (iv) are depositary receipts of issuers described in (i) and (iii) above; or (v) are exchange-traded funds that invest in a country or countries other than the U.S. The Adviser will typically invest in at least three different countries.

 

Summary of Principal Risks

 

The Fund is subject to the principal risks summarized below. These risks could adversely affect the Fund’s NAV, yield and total return. It is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund.

 

Stock Market Risk. The risk that the market value of a security may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The prices of securities change in response to many factors including the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity.

 

Large-Capitalization Company Risk. Large-Capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in technology, and also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

 

Small- and Mid-Capitalization Company Risk. The risk that securities of small or mid-capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies. Generally the smaller the company size, the greater the risk.  Small and mid-capitalization companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, or may be dependent upon a small or inexperienced management group and their securities may trade less frequently and in lower volume than the securities of larger companies, which could lead to higher transaction costs.

 

Management Risk. As with any managed fund, the Adviser may not be successful in selecting the best-performing securities or investment techniques, and the Fund’s performance may lag behind that of similar funds. The Adviser may also miss out on an investment opportunity because the assets necessary to take advantage of the opportunity are tied up in less advantageous investments.

 

Asset-Allocation Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that the Adviser’s asset allocation decisions between equity securities, on the one hand, and cash instruments, on the other hand, will not anticipate market trends successfully. For example, investing too heavily in common stocks during a stock market decline may result in a failure to preserve capital. Conversely, investing too heavily in cash instruments during a period of stock market appreciation may result in lower total returns.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer will not make timely payments of principal and interest. A credit rating assigned to a particular debt security is essentially the opinion of an NRSRO as to the credit quality of an issuer and may prove to be inaccurate. The cash allocation for the Fund is held overnight with the Fund’s certain counterparties. The Fund will hold no more than 25% of the Fund’s NAV with any single counterparty. In case there is a default overnight at the institution where cash is held, the Fund may incur losses.

 

Interest Rate Risk. The cash allocation of the Fund is held overnight with the Fund’s counterparties. In case rates fall below zero, the Fund might incur costs for holding cash.

 

Currency Risk. Investment in foreign securities involves currency risk associated with securities that trade or are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and which may be affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

 

Performance Information

 

The Fund’s performance information is only shown in the Funds summary when the Fund has had a full calendar year of operations. Updated performance information is available by calling the Funds toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

Management of the Fund

 

Investment Adviser

 

Arabesque Asset Management Ltd

 

8



 

Portfolio Managers

 

Dr. Hans-Robert Arndt is Head of Quantitative Research at Arabesque and has been with Arabesque since 2013. Dr. Arndt has been a Portfolio Manager to the Fund since its inception in 2017.

 

Philipp Müller, CFA is deputy portfolio manager and has been with Arabesque since 2014. Mr. Müller has been a Portfolio Manager to the Fund since its inception in 2017.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Minimum Investment Requirements

 

Account Type

 

Minimum

 

Investor Class

 

Institutional Class*

 

Regular Accounts

 

Initial Investment

 

$

2,500

 

$

1,000,000

 

 

 

Additional Investments

 

$

250

 

$

None

 

Individual Retirement Accounts

 

Initial Investment

 

$

[·]

 

$

[·]

 

 

 

Additional Investments

 

$

[·]

 

$

[·]

 

Automatic Investment Plan

 

Initial Investment

 

$

[100]

 

$

[·]

 

 

 

Additional Investments

 

$

[50]

 

$

[·]

 

 


*The minimum initial investment is $1,000,000. The initial investment minimum is waived for retirement plans that trade through omnibus accounts. The Fund may also waive the initial investment minimum for certain institutional accounts where it is believed to be in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. Examples include the following:

 

·                  the investor has agreed to make additional investments within a reasonable amount of time;

·                  discretionary wrap programs; and

·                  certain omnibus accounts, such as those purchasing for a fund of funds.

 

Registered investment advisers who invest through certain broker-dealers through an omnibus account may aggregate client orders to meet the $1,000,000 initial investment minimum, provided that the Fund is not required to pay a sub-transfer agent or similar administrative fees per shareholder account to any third party.

 

The Fund may also waive the investment minimum for current or former Directors, Trustees, Officers or employees. For these investors, the minimum initial investment is $2,000, and the minimum for each purchase of additional shares is $50. Additional requirements may apply.

 

You can only purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on days the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open and through the means described below.

 

Purchase or Redemption by Mail:

 

Regular Mail:

 

Arabesque Systematic Funds

FundVantage Trust

c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing

P.O. Box 9829

Providence, RI 02940-8029

 

9



 

Overnight Mail:

 

Arabesque Systematic Funds

FundVantage Trust

c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing

4400 Computer Drive

Westborough, MA 01581-1722

(xxx) xxx - xxxx

 

Purchase by Wire:

 

Please contact Fund shareholder services (“Shareholder Services”) toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx for current wire instructions.

 

Redemption by Telephone:

 

Please call Shareholder Services at (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund intends to make distributions that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains. Such distributions are not currently taxable when shares are held through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. However, subsequent withdrawals from any tax-deferred account in which the shares are held may be subject to federal income tax.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the financial intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

10



 

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS’
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGIES AND RISKS

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

 

Arabesque Systematic USA Fund and Arabesque Systematic International Fund (each a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”) seek capital appreciation over the full market cycle with below benchmark levels of risk. There is no guarantee that the Funds will achieve its investment objective.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS’ INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

The Funds’ principal investment strategies are discussed in the “Fund Summaries” section. Principal investment strategies are those that the Adviser will use on a day-to-day basis to achieve each Fund’s investment objective. This section provides more information about these strategies, as well as information about some additional strategies that the Funds’ Adviser uses, or may use, to achieve the Funds’ objectives. Additional information about these investment strategies and practices and related risks is also provided in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

 

The Funds may borrow to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”).

 

The investments and strategies discussed above are those that the investment adviser will use under normal market conditions. The Adviser also may use other strategies and engage in other investment practices, which are described in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

 

In anticipation of or in response to adverse market or other conditions or atypical circumstances such as unusually large cash inflows or redemptions, the Funds may temporarily hold all or a portion of its assets in U.S. Government securities, money market funds, cash or cash equivalents. The investment adviser will determine when market conditions warrant temporary defensive measures. Under such conditions, a Fund may not invest in accordance with its investment objective or principal investment strategy and may not achieve its investment objective.

 

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RISKS

 

The Funds are subject to the principal risks summarized below. These risks could adversely affect a Fund’s NAV, yield and total return. It is possible to lose money by investing in a Fund.

 

·  Asset-Allocation Risk: Each Fund can allocate on a daily basis between cash and equities to reduce overall risk of a Fund. A Fund might be allocated in cash instruments during a time of strong equity performance. This might lead to a relative underperformance versus an investment that is invested into equities at all times.

 

·  Credit Risk: The cash allocations for the Funds are held overnight with each Fund’s trading partners (i.e., banks). A Fund will hold no more than 25% of the Fund’s NAV with any single trading partner. In case there is a default overnight where cash is held, a Fund may incur losses (“jump to default risk”)

 

·  Currency Risk (Arabesque Systematic International Fund): Investment in foreign securities involves currency risk associated with securities that trade or are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and which may be affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

 

·  Cybersecurity Risk: As part of its business, the Adviser processes, stores and transmits large amounts of electronic information, including information relating to the transactions of the Funds. The Adviser and Funds may be susceptible to operational and information security risks. Cybersecurity failures or breaches of the Funds or its service providers have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties and/or reputational damage. A Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

 

·  Foreign Securities Risk (Arabesque Systematic International Fund): Foreign (non-U.S.) securities may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. companies, due to less liquid securities and markets, and adverse economic, political, diplomatic, financial, and regulatory factors.

 

·  Geographic Concentration Risk (Arabesque Systematic International Fund): From time to time, the Fund may invest a substantial amount of its assets in issuers located in a limited number of countries. If the Fund concentrates its investments in this manner, it assumes the risk that economic, political and social conditions in those countries will have a significant impact on its investment performance.

 

·   High Portfolio Turnover Risk: A Fund may sell its securities, regardless of the length of time that they have been held, if the Adviser determines that it would be in the Fund’s best interest to do so. It is anticipated that the Funds will frequently adjust the size of the equity portfolio allocations. These transactions will increase the Funds’ “portfolio turnover” and the Funds may experience a high portfolio turnover rate (over 100%). High turnover rates generally result in higher brokerage costs to a Fund and in higher net taxable gain for shareholders, and may reduce a Fund’s returns. Frequent purchases and sales of portfolio securities may result in higher Fund expenses and may result in more significant distributions of short-term capital gains to investors, which are taxed as ordinary income.

 

·  Large-Capitalization Company Risk: Large-Capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in technology, and also may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

 

·  Management Risk: As with any managed fund, the Adviser may not be successful in selecting the best- performing securities or investment techniques, and a Fund’s performances may lag behind that of similar funds. The Adviser may also miss out on an investment opportunity because the assets necessary to take advantage of the opportunity are tied up in less advantageous investments. The Funds’ ESG policies may result in the Funds forgoing opportunities to buy certain securities when it might otherwise be advantageous to do so, or selling securities when it might be otherwise disadvantageous for it to do so. As a result, the Funds may perform differently than other funds that do not use ESG strategies.

 

·  Market Risk: The risk that the market value of a security may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Common and preferred stocks represent equity ownership in a company. The price of equity securities will fluctuate and can decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets, and reduce the value of a portfolio investing in equities. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors which affect a particular industry or

 

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industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Mid-cap companies may be more vulnerable than large-cap companies to adverse business or economic developments. Securities of such companies may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of large-cap companies and therefore may involve greater risk.

 

·  Mid-Cap Risk: In addition to large cap securities, the Funds may also invest in the securities of mid-cap companies. Investments in mid-cap companies may be riskier than investments in larger, more established companies. The securities of mid-cap companies may trade less frequently and in smaller volumes, and as a result, may be less liquid than securities of larger companies. In addition, mid-cap companies may be more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short-term. Because mid-cap companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources or may depend on a few key employees, they may be more susceptible to particular economic events or competitive factors than large capitalization companies.

 

·  Sector Risk: Although a Fund may not “concentrate” (invest 25% or more of its net assets) in any industry, it may focus its investments from time to time on one or more economic sectors. To the extent that it does so, developments affecting companies in that sector or sectors will likely have a magnified effect on a Fund’s NAV and total returns and may subject the Fund to greater risk of loss. Accordingly, the Funds could be considerably more volatile than a broad-based market index or other mutual funds that are diversified across a greater number of securities and sectors.

 

· Small-Cap Risk: Small cap risk is the risk that a company will be adversely affected or fail as a result of its small size. Smaller companies are more likely than larger companies to have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources, or to depend on a small, inexperienced management group. Stocks of these companies often trade less frequently and in lower volume than the securities of larger companies, which could lead to higher transaction costs. Generally the smaller the company size, the greater the risk.

 

· Systems Risk: The Funds depend on the Adviser to develop and implement appropriate systems for its activities. The Adviser relies extensively on computer programs and systems to implement and monitor the Funds’ investment strategies. The development, implementation and maintenance of these systems is complex and involves substantial research and modeling (which is then generally translated into computer code and manual and automated processes) and the retrieval, filtering, processing, translation and analysis of large amounts of financial and other corporate data. As a result, there is a risk of human or technological errors affecting the portfolio construction process and order origination, including errors in programming (e.g., “bugs” and classic coding errors), modeling, design, translational errors and compatibility issues with data sets and among systems. Similarly, with regard to trading and other systems or equipment that the Adviser utilizes, any or all of the following events may occur: (i) failures or interruptions in access to or the operations of such systems or equipment; (ii) loss of functionality; (iii) corruption; (iv) compromises in security; (v) loss of power; and (vi) other situations that adversely affect such systems or equipment. There can no guarantee that such defects or issues will be identified in time to avoid a material adverse effect on the Funds. For example, such failures could cause the Adviser to be induced to buy or sell certain investments it would not have if the failure had not occurred.

 

·  Valuation Risk: The risk that a Fund has valued certain of its securities at a higher price than it can sell them.

 

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities is available in the Funds’ SAI, which is available, free of charge, by calling (xxx) xxx-xxxx. The SAI may also be viewed or downloaded, free of charge, from the EDGAR database on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) website at www.sec.gov.

 

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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

 

The Board of Trustees of the Trust supervises the management, activities and affairs of the Funds and has approved contracts with various organizations to provide, among other services, the day-to-day management required by the Funds and its shareholders.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Arabesque Asset Management Ltd (“Arabesque” or the “Adviser”) is a registered investment adviser located at 68 Brook St, London, W1K 5DZ, UK, and regulated by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (reference number: 610729). Arabesque was founded in 2013 and, in addition to serving as the investment adviser to the Funds, Arabesque provides portfolio management services to other mutual funds, private funds, sub-advisory services for managed equity indices and separately managed accounts. As of December 31, 2016, Arabesque had approximately $43 million in assets under management. Arabesque, subject to the general oversight of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, has overall responsibility for directing the investments of the Funds in accordance with its investment objective, policies and limitations. For its services as Adviser to the Funds, Arabesque is entitled to receive an investment advisory fee of 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the Funds.

 

The Adviser may experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of the Funds, relating to: (i) the allocation of the Adviser’s time and resources between the Funds and other investment activities and clients; (ii) the allocation of investment opportunities by the Adviser and its affiliates among the Funds and other clients; (iii) compensation to the Adviser; (iv) the formation of additional investment funds by the Adviser; and (v) differing recommendations given by the Adviser to the Funds versus other clients.

 

A discussion of the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the investment management agreement between Arabesque and the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, will be provided in the Funds’ first annual or semi-annual report to shareholders following the commencement of operations.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

Dr. Hans-Robert Arndt is portfolio manager and Head of Quantitative Research at Arabesque. Dr. Arndt has been with Arabesque since 2013. Dr. Arndt is a Founding Partner of the firm. Prior to his position with Arabesque, Dr. Arndt was a Vice President in Sales and Structuring at Barclays from 2006 to 2013. Dr. Arndt is responsible for two other pooled investment vehicles managed by Arabesque with a total of $32.6 million under management.

 

Philipp Müller, CFA is deputy portfolio manager and leads ESG Research and Advisory for the Funds. He has been with Arabesque since 2014. Prior to his position with Arabesque, Mr. Müller was an Investment Solution Analyst at EIM S.A. from 2008-2014. Mr. Müller is responsible for two other pooled investment vehicles managed by Arabesque with a total of $10.7 million under management.

 

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SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

 

PRICING OF SHARES

 

The price of the Funds’ shares is based on its NAV. Each Fund values its assets, based on current market values when such values are available. The NAV per share of each Fund is calculated as follows:

 

 

Each Fund’s NAV per share is calculated once daily as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (typically 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on each business day (i.e., a day that the NYSE is open for business). The NYSE is generally open on Monday through Friday, except national holidays. The price at which a purchase, redemption or exchange is effected is based on the next calculation of NAV after the order is received in good form by an authorized financial institution or the transfer agent, plus any applicable sales charges.

 

The Funds’ equity securities listed on an exchange market system will generally be valued at the last sale price. Equity securities traded in the over-the-counter market are valued at their closing sale or official closing price. If there were no transactions on that day, securities traded principally on an exchange will be valued at the mean of the last bid and ask prices prior to the market close. Prices for equity securities normally are supplied by an independent pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees. Any assets held by the Funds that are denominated in foreign currencies are valued daily in U.S. dollars at the foreign currency exchange rates that are prevailing at the time that a Fund determines the daily NAV per share. Foreign securities may trade on weekends or other days when the Funds do not calculate NAV. As a result, the market value of these investments may change on days when you cannot buy or sell shares of the Funds. Investments in any mutual fund are valued at their respective NAVs as determined by those mutual funds each business day (which may use fair value pricing as disclosed in their prospectuses).

 

Securities that do not have a readily available current market value are valued in good faith under the direction of the Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees has adopted methods for valuing securities and other assets in circumstances where market quotes are not readily available and has delegated to the Adviser the responsibility for applying the valuation methods. In the event that market quotes are not readily available, and the security or asset cannot be valued pursuant to one of the valuation methods, the value of the security or asset will be determined in good faith by the Adviser. On a quarterly basis, the Adviser’s fair valuation determinations will be reviewed by the Trust’s Valuation Committee. The Trust’s policy is intended to result in a calculation of each Fund’s NAV that fairly reflects security values as of the time of pricing. However, fair values determined pursuant to each Fund’s procedures may not accurately reflect the price that a Fund could obtain for a security if it were to dispose of that security as of the time of pricing.

 

Market quotes are considered not readily available in circumstances where there is an absence of current or reliable market- based data (e.g., trade information, bid/asked information, broker quotes), including where events occur after the close of the relevant market, but prior to the close of the NYSE, that materially affect the values of a Fund’s securities or assets. In addition, market quotes are considered not readily available when, due to extraordinary circumstances, an exchange or market on which a security trades does not open for trading for the entire day and no other market prices are available.

 

Securities listed on certain non-U.S exchanges that close at a substantially earlier time than the NYSE (such as most European or Asian exchanges) are fair valued daily by an independent fair value pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees. The fair valuations for these securities may not be the same as quoted or published prices of the securities on their primary markets. Securities for which daily fair value prices from the independent fair value pricing service are not available are generally valued at the last quoted sale price at the close of an exchange on which the security is traded. Values of foreign securities, currencies, and other assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated

 

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into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of said currencies against the U.S. dollar, as of Valuation Time, as provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees.

 

Each Funds may fair value foreign securities if significant events that appear likely to affect the value of those securities occur between the time a foreign exchange closes and the time that the Fund prices its shares. Significant events may include: (i) a substantial gap between the closing time of a non-U.S. exchange and the close of the NYSE, (ii) events impacting a single issuer, (iii) governmental actions that affect securities in one sector or country, (iv) natural disasters or armed conflict, or (v) significant domestic or foreign market fluctuations. The Board of Trustees has delegated to the Adviser the responsibility for monitoring significant events that may materially affect the values of each Fund’s securities or assets and for determining whether the value of the applicable securities or assets should be re-evaluated in light of such significant events.

 

PURCHASE OF SHARES

 

Share Classes

 

The Trust offers Investor Class shares and Institutional Class shares of the Funds. Each Class of shares has different expenses and distribution arrangements to provide for different investment needs. This allows you to choose the class of shares most suitable for you depending on the amount and expected length of your investment and other relevant factors. Sales personnel may receive different compensation for selling each class of shares. Investor Class shares are for individuals, corporate investors and retirement plans. Institutional Class shares are available to individuals who can meet the required investment minimum and corporations or other institutions such as trusts, endowments, foundations or broker-dealers purchasing for the accounts of others. If you purchase Institutional Class shares through an institutional organization, you may be charged a transaction-based fee or other fee for the services of such organization.

 

Investor Class

 

Institutional Class

No initial sales charge

 

No initial sales charge

 

 

 

Higher annual expenses than Institutional Class shares due to distribution fee

 

Lower annual expenses than Investor Class shares due to no distribution fee

 

Shares representing interests in the Funds are offered on a continuous basis by the Funds’ principal underwriter, Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (the “Underwriter”). Shares of the Funds do not charge any sales loads or deferred sales loads in connection with the purchase of shares. Shares of the Funds are offered only to residents of states in which the shares are registered or qualified. You can purchase Investor Class and Institutional Class shares of the Funds through certain broker-dealers or directly through the transfer agent of the Funds, as discussed below. No share certificates are issued in connection with the purchase of Fund shares. The Funds reserve the right to waive the minimum initial investment requirement for any investor.

 

Investor Class Shares

 

Distribution Plan

 

The Board of Trustees, on behalf each Fund’s Investor Class shares, has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act that allows the Funds to pay distribution and service fees for the sale and distribution of its shares and for services provided to its shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of each Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time, these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost more than paying other types of sales charges. The distribution plan for Investor Class shares provides for payments of up to [0.25%] of the average daily net assets of each Fund’s Investor Class shares.

 

Institutional Class Shares

 

Sales of each Fund’s Institutional Class shares are not subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee. Institutional Class shares are available to individuals who can meet the required investment minimum and corporations or other institutions such as trusts, endowments, foundations or broker-dealers purchasing for the accounts

 

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of others. If you purchase Institutional Class shares through an institutional organization, you may be charged a transaction-based fee or other fee for the services of such organization.

 

The minimum initial investment is $1,000,000. The initial investment minimum is waived for retirement plans that trade through omnibus accounts. The Funds may also waive the initial investment minimum for certain institutional accounts where it is believed to be in the best interest of the Funds and its shareholders. Examples include the following:

 

·                  the investor has agreed to make additional investments within a reasonable amount of time;

·                  discretionary wrap programs; and

·                  certain omnibus accounts, such as those purchasing for a fund of funds.

 

Registered investment advisers who invest through certain broker-dealers through an omnibus account may aggregate client orders to meet the $1,000,000 initial investment minimum, provided that the Funds are not required to pay a sub-transfer agent or similar administrative fees per shareholder account to any third party.

 

A Fund may also waive the investment minimum for current or former Directors, Trustees, Officers or employees. For these investors, the minimum initial investment is $2,000, and the minimum for each purchase of additional shares is $50. Additional requirements may apply.

 

TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT

 

By Mail

 

Complete the application and mail it to BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNY Mellon Investment Servicing”) at the address noted below, together with a check payable to the Funds. Please make sure your check is for at least $2,500 with respect to Investor Class shares and at least $1,000,000 with respect to Institutional Class shares. Mail the application and your check to:

 

Regular Mail:

 

[Arabesque Systematic Funds]
FundVantage Trust
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
P.O. Box 9829
Providence, RI 02940-8029

 

Overnight Mail:

 

[Arabesque Systematic Funds]
FundVantage Trust
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
4400 Computer Drive
Westborough, MA 01581-1722
(xxx) xxx-xxxx

 

The Funds will only accept checks drawn on U.S. currency on domestic banks. The Funds will not accept any of the following: cash or cash equivalents, money orders, traveler’s checks, cashier’s checks, bank checks, official checks and treasurer’s checks, payable through checks, third party checks and third party transactions.

 

While the Funds do not generally accept foreign investors, it may in instances where either (i) an intermediary makes shares of the Funds available or (ii) the transfer agent, in the case of a direct to Fund subscription, has satisfied its internal procedures with respect to the establishment of foreign investor accounts. Please contact Shareholder Services at (xxx) xxx - xxx for more information.

 

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By Wire

 

To make a same-day wire investment, call Shareholder Services toll-free at (xxx) xxx-xxxx before 4:00 p.m. Eastern time for current wire instructions. An account number will be assigned to you. Please make sure your wire is for at least $2,500 with respect to Investor Class shares and at least $1,000,000 with respect to Institutional Class shares. Your wire must be received by the stock market close, typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, to receive that day’s price per share. Your bank may charge a wire fee.

 

Individual Retirement Account Investments

 

You may invest in the Funds through the following individual retirement accounts:

 

·  Traditional Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”)

·  Spousal IRAs

·  Roth Individual Retirement Accounts (“Roth IRAs”)

·  Simplified Employee Pension Plans (“SEP IRAs”)

 

Additional Information

 

If you have questions regarding the purchase of Fund shares, call Shareholder Services toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx before 4:00 p.m. Eastern time.

 

TO ADD TO AN ACCOUNT

 

By Mail

 

Fill out an investment slip from a previous confirmation and write your account number on your check. Please make sure that your check is payable to the Funds and that your additional investment is for at least $100 with respect to Investor Class shares. There is no minimum additional investment with respect to Institutional Class shares. Mail the slip and your check to:

 

Regular Mail:

 

[Arabesque Systematic Funds]
FundVantage Trust
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
P.O. Box 9829
Providence, RI 02940-8029

 

Overnight Mail:

 

[Arabesque Systematic Funds]
FundVantage Trust
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
4400 Computer Drive
Westborough, MA 01581-1722
(xxx) xxx - xxxx

 

By Wire

 

Call Shareholder Services toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx for current wire instructions. The wire must be received by the stock market close, typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, for same day processing. Your bank may charge a wire fee. Please make sure your wire is for at least $100 with respect to Investor Class shares. There is no minimum additional investment with respect to Institutional Class shares.

 

Automatic Investment Plan

 

You may open an automatic investment plan account for Investor Class shares with a $100 initial purchase and a $50.00 monthly investment and for Institutional Class shares with a $1,000,000 initial purchase. If you have an existing account that does not include the automatic investment plan, you can contact the Funds at (xxx) xxx - xxxx to establish an automatic investment plan. The automatic

 

18



 

investment plan provides a convenient method to have monies deducted directly from your bank account for investment in the Funds. You may authorize the automatic withdrawal of funds from your bank account for a monthly minimum amount of $50.00. The Funds may alter, modify or terminate this plan at any time. To begin participating in this plan, please complete the “Automatic Investment Plan” section found on the application or contact the Funds’ transfer agent at (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

Automated Clearing House (ACH) Purchase

 

Current shareholders may purchase additional shares via Automated Clearing House (“ACH”). To have this option added to your account, please send a letter to the Funds requesting this option and supply a voided check for the bank account. Only bank accounts held at domestic institutions that are ACH members may be used for these transactions.

 

You may not use ACH transactions for your initial purchase of Fund shares. ACH purchases will be effective at the closing price per share on the business day after the order is placed. The Funds may alter, modify or terminate this purchase option at any time.

 

Purchase Price

 

Purchase orders received by the Funds’ transfer agent before the close of regular trading on the NYSE on any business day will be priced at the NAV that is determined as of the close of trading on the NYSE. Purchase orders received in good order after the close of regular trading on the NYSE will be priced as of the close of regular trading on the following business day. “Good order” means that the purchase request is complete and includes all accurate required information. Purchase requests not in good order may be rejected.

 

Financial Intermediaries

 

You may purchase shares of the Funds through a financial intermediary who may charge additional fees and may require higher minimum investments or impose other limitations on buying and selling shares. “Financial intermediaries” include brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), insurance companies, investment advisers, financial advisers, financial planners, retirement or 401(k) plan administrators, their designated intermediaries and any other firm having a selling, administration or similar agreement. The financial intermediary is responsible for transmitting orders by close of business and may have an earlier cut-off time for purchase and sale requests. Purchase and redemption orders placed through a financial intermediary will be deemed to have been received and accepted by the Funds when the financial intermediary accepts the order. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary or nominee to promptly forward purchase or redemption orders and payments to the Funds. Customer orders will be priced at a Fund’s NAV next computed after they are accepted by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee. Financial intermediaries may also designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on a Fund’s behalf. Consult your investment representative for specific information.

 

It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary to transmit orders for the purchase of shares by its customers to the transfer agent and to deliver required funds on a timely basis, in accordance with the procedures stated above.

 

Networking and Sub-Transfer Agency Fees. The Funds may also directly enter into agreements with financial intermediaries pursuant to which it will pay the financial intermediary for services such as networking or sub-transfer agency, including the maintenance of “street name” or omnibus accounts and related sub-accounting, record-keeping and administrative services provided to such accounts. Payments made pursuant to such agreements are generally based on either (1) a percentage of the average daily net assets of clients serviced by such financial intermediary, or (2) the number of accounts serviced by such financial intermediary. Any payments made pursuant to such agreements are in addition to, rather than in lieu of, Rule 12b-1 distribution or shareholder service fees the financial intermediary may also be receiving. From time to time, the Adviser or its affiliates may pay a portion of the fees for networking or sub-transfer agency at its or their own expense and out of its or their own resources. These payments may be material to financial intermediaries relative to other compensation paid by the Funds and/or the Underwriter, the Adviser and their affiliates. The payments described above may differ and may vary from amounts paid to the Trust’s transfer agent for providing similar services to other accounts. The financial

 

19



 

intermediaries are not audited by the Funds, the Adviser or their service providers to determine whether such intermediary is providing the services for which they are receiving such payments.

 

Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries. The Adviser, and, from time to time, affiliates of the Adviser may also, at their own expense and out of their own resources, provide additional cash payments to financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Funds. These additional cash payments are payments over and above sales commissions or reallowances, distribution fees or servicing fees (including networking, administration and sub-transfer agency fees) payable to a financial intermediary which are disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus. These additional cash payments are generally made to financial intermediaries that provide sub-accounting, sub-transfer agency, shareholder or administrative services or marketing support. Marketing support may include: (i) access to sales meetings or conferences, sales representatives and financial intermediary management representatives; (ii) inclusion of the Funds on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or other sales programs to which financial intermediaries provide more marketing support than to other sales programs on which the Adviser or its affiliates may not need to make additional cash payments to be included; (iii) promotion of the sale of a Fund’s shares in communications with a financial intermediaries’ customers, sales representatives or management representatives; and/or (iv) other specified services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of a Fund’s shares. These additional cash payments also may be made as an expense reimbursement in cases where the financial intermediary provides shareholder services to Fund shareholders. The Adviser and its affiliates may also pay cash compensation in the form of finders’ fees or referral fees that vary depending on the dollar amount of shares sold.

 

The amount and value of additional cash payments vary for each financial intermediary. The additional cash payment arrangement between a particular financial intermediary and the Adviser or its affiliates may provide for increased rates of compensation as the dollar value of a Fund’s shares or particular class of shares sold or invested through such financial intermediary increases. The availability of these additional cash payments, the varying fee structure within a particular additional cash payment arrangement and the basis for and manner in which a financial intermediary compensates its sales representatives may create a financial incentive for a particular financial intermediary and its sales representatives to recommend a Fund’s shares over the shares of other mutual funds based, at least in part, on the level of compensation paid. A financial intermediary and its sales representatives may have similar financial incentives to recommend a particular class of a Fund’s shares over other classes of its shares. You should consult with your financial adviser and review carefully any disclosure by the financial firm as to compensation received by your financial adviser.

 

Although the Funds may use financial firms that sell the Funds’ shares to effect portfolio transactions for the Funds, the Funds and the Adviser will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when choosing financial firms to effect those transactions.

 

For more information about these additional cash payments made to financial intermediaries, please refer to the section entitled “Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries” located in the SAI.

 

Rights Reserved by the Funds

 

The Funds reserve the right to:

 

·  reject any purchase order;

 

·  suspend the offering of shares;

 

·  vary the initial and subsequent investment minimums;

 

·  waive the minimum investment requirement for any investor; and

 

·  redeem accounts with balances below the minimum after 30 days’ written notice.

 

Market Timing and Frequent Trading Policy

 

The Funds discourage frequent purchases and redemptions, and the Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures consistent with such position. The Funds are not designed to accommodate market timing or short-term trading. Frequent or excessive trades into or out of a Fund in an effort to anticipate changes in market prices of their investment portfolio is generally referred to as “market timing.”

 

20



 

Market timing can adversely impact the ability of the Adviser to invest assets in an orderly manner, which in turn may adversely impact the expenses and the performance of the Fund. These expenses are borne by all Fund shareholders, including long-term investors who do not generate such costs. Specifically, frequent trading may result in a Fund engaging in activities to a greater extent than it otherwise would, such as maintaining higher cash balances, using its line of credit and trading in portfolio securities, each of which may increase expenses and decrease performance. This occurs when market timers attempt to trade Fund shares when the NAV of a Fund does not reflect the value of the underlying portfolio securities.

 

To deter market timing and to minimize harm to a Fund and its shareholders, each Fund (i) charges a redemption fee of 1.00% on shares redeemed within thirty (30) days of purchase, and (ii) reserves the right to restrict, reject or cancel, without prior notice, any purchase order by market timers or by those persons a Fund believes are engaging in similar trading activity that, in the judgment of the Funds or the Adviser, may be disruptive to the Funds. The Funds will not be liable for any loss resulting from rejected purchase orders. No waivers of the provisions of this policy established to detect and deter market timing and other excessive trading activity are permitted that would harm the Funds and its shareholders or would subordinate the interests of the Funds and its shareholders to those of the Adviser or any affiliated person or associated person of the Adviser.

 

The Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) reviews on an as-needed basis, as determined by the CCO in coordination with the Adviser and other service providers, available information related to the trading activity in the Funds in order to assess the likelihood that the Funds may be the target of market timing or similar trading practices. If, in its judgment, a Fund or the Adviser detects excessive, short-term trading, such Fund may reject or restrict a purchase request and may further seek to close an investor’s account with such Fund. The Funds may modify their procedures from time to time without prior notice regarding the detection of excessive trading or to address specific circumstances. Each Fund will apply its procedures in a manner that, in the Fund’s judgment, will be uniform.

 

There is no guarantee that the Funds or its agents will be able to detect frequent trading activity or the shareholders engaged in such activity, or, if it is detected, to prevent its recurrence.

 

In order for a financial intermediary to purchase shares of a Fund for an “omnibus” account, in nominee name or on behalf of another person, the Trust will enter into shareholder information agreements with such financial intermediary or its agent. These agreements require each financial intermediary to provide a Fund access, upon request, to information about underlying shareholder transaction activity in these accounts. If a shareholder information agreement has not been entered into by a financial intermediary, such financial intermediary will be prohibited from purchasing Fund shares for an “omnibus” account, in nominee name or on behalf of another person. If necessary, a Fund may prohibit additional purchases of Fund shares by a financial intermediary or by certain customers of the financial intermediary. Financial intermediaries may also monitor their customers’ trading activities in a Fund. The criteria used by intermediaries to monitor for excessive trading may differ from the criteria used by a Fund. If a financial intermediary fails to enforce a Fund’s excessive trading policies, such Fund may take certain actions, including terminating the relationship.

 

REDEMPTION OF SHARES

 

You may “redeem” or sell your shares on any day the NYSE is open, either directly through the Funds’ transfer agent, BNY Mellon Investment Servicing, or through your broker-dealer. The price you receive will be the NAV next calculated after receipt of the request in good order. “Good order” means that the redemption request is complete and includes all accurate required information including any medallion signature guarantees, if necessary. The Funds charge a redemption fee of 1.00% on proceeds of shares redeemed within 30 days following their acquisition (see “Redemption Fee”).

 

Redemption Fee

 

The Funds charge a redemption fee of 1.00% on proceeds of shares redeemed within 30 days following their acquisition. The redemption fee will be calculated as a percentage of the NAV of total redemption proceeds. Those shares held the longest will be treated as being redeemed first and the shares held

 

21



 

shortest as being redeemed last. The fee will be paid directly to the Funds and is intended to offset the trading costs, market impact and other costs associated with short-term money movements in and out of the Funds. This redemption fee is not intended to accommodate short-term trading and the Funds will monitor the assessment of redemption fees against your account.

 

The 1% redemption fee will not be charged on the following transactions:

 

1.  Redemptions on shares held through retirement plans (including, without limitation, those maintained pursuant to Sections 401, 403, 408, 408A and 457 of the Code, and nonqualified plans), unless the plan has the systematic capability of assessing the redemption fee at the participant or individual account level;

 

2.  Redemptions requested following (a) the death of a shareholder, or (b) the post-purchase “disability” or “hardship” (as such terms are defined by the Code or the rules and regulations thereunder) of the shareholder or as required by law (i.e. a divorce settlement) provided that such death, disability, hardship or other event (i.e., divorce settlement) occurs after the shareholder’s account was established with the Funds;

 

3.  Redemptions initiated by a Fund (e.g., for failure to meet account minimums, to pay account fees funded by share redemptions, in the event of the liquidation of such Fund);

 

4.  Shares acquired through the reinvestment of distributions (dividends and capital gains);

 

5.  Redemptions in omnibus accounts where redemptions cannot be tracked to the individual shareholder;

 

6.  Redemptions by certain funds of funds and in connection with certain comprehensive fee programs, such as wrap fee accounts and automated rebalancing or asset allocation programs offered by financial intermediaries; and

 

7.  Redemptions for systematic withdrawal plans.

 

Redemption Policies

 

Payment for redemptions of Fund shares is usually made within one business day, but not later than seven calendar days after receipt of your redemption request, unless the check used to purchase the shares has not yet cleared. A Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment for more than seven days during any period when: (1) trading on the Exchange is restricted or the Exchange is closed for other than customary weekends and holidays, (2) the SEC has by order permitted such suspension for the protection of a Fund’s shareholders or (3) an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, making disposal of portfolio securities or valuation of net assets of a Fund not reasonably practicable. A Fund will automatically redeem shares if a purchase check is returned for insufficient funds and the shareholder’s account will be charged for any loss. The Funds reserve the right to reject any third party check. The Trust reserves the right to make a “redemption in kind” payment in portfolio securities rather than cash.

 

TO REDEEM FROM YOUR ACCOUNT

 

By Mail

 

To redeem your shares by mail:

 

·  Write a letter of instruction that includes: the name of the Fund, your account number, the name(s) in which the account is registered and the dollar value or number of shares you wish to sell.

 

·  Include all signatures and any additional documents that may be required.

 

·  Mail your request to:

 

Regular Mail:

 

[Arabesque Systematic Funds]
FundVantage Trust
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing

 

22



 

P.O. Box 9829
Providence, RI 02940-8029

 

Overnight Mail:

 

[Arabesque Systematic Funds]
FundVantage Trust
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
4400 Computer Drive
Westborough, MA 01581-1722
(xxx) xxx - xxxx

 

·  A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address in which the account is registered and may take up to seven days.

 

·  The Funds may require additional documentation or a medallion signature guarantee on any redemption request to help protect against fraud.

 

·  The Funds requires a medallion signature guarantee if the written redemption exceeds $50,000, the address of record has changed within the past 30 days or the proceeds are to be paid to a person other than the account owner of record.

 

23



 

By Telephone

 

To redeem your shares by telephone, call toll-free (xxx) xxx - xxxx. The proceeds will be paid to the registered owner: (1) by mail at the address on the account, or (2) by wire to the pre-designated bank account on the Fund’s account. To use the telephone redemption privilege, you must have selected this service on your original account application or submitted a subsequent medallion signature guaranteed request in writing to add this service to your account. The Funds and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing reserve the right to refuse any telephone transaction when they are unable to confirm to their satisfaction that a caller is the account owner or a person preauthorized by the account owner. BNY Mellon Investment Servicing has established security procedures to prevent unauthorized account access. Neither the Funds nor any of its service contractors will be liable for any loss or expense in acting upon telephone instructions that are reasonably believed to be genuine. The telephone transaction privilege may be suspended, limited, modified or terminated at any time without prior notice by the Funds or BNY Mellon Investment Servicing.

 

By Wire

 

In the case of redemption proceeds that are wired to a bank, the Funds transmit payments only on days that commercial banks are open for business and only to the bank and account previously authorized on your application or your medallion signature guaranteed letter of instruction. The Funds and BNY Mellon Investment Servicing will not be responsible for any delays in wired redemption proceeds due to heavy wire traffic over the Federal Reserve System. The Funds reserve the right to refuse a wire redemption if it believes that it is advisable to do so. You may also have your redemption proceeds sent to your bank via ACH. BNY Mellon Investment Servicing does not charge for this service, however please allow 2 to 3 business days for the transfer of money to reach your banking institution.

 

Systematic Withdrawal Plan

 

Once you have established an account with $10,000 or more, you may automatically receive funds from your account on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis (minimum withdrawal of $100). Call toll-free (xxx) xxx - xxxx to request a form to start the Systematic Withdrawal Plan.

 

Selling Recently Purchased Shares

 

If you wish to sell shares that were recently purchased by check, the Funds may delay mailing your redemption check for up to 15 business days after your redemption request to allow the purchase check to clear. The Funds reserve the right to reject any redemption request for shares recently purchased by check that has not cleared, and the Funds may require that a subsequent request be submitted. The Funds charge a redemption fee of 1.00% on proceeds of shares redeemed within 30 days following their acquisition (see “Redemption of Shares — Redemption Fee”).

 

Late Trading

 

Late trading is the practice of buying or selling Fund shares at the closing price after a Fund’s NAV has been set for the day. Federal securities laws governing mutual funds prohibit late trading. The Funds have adopted trading policies designed to comply with requirements of the federal securities laws.

 

TRANSACTION POLICIES

 

Timing of Purchase or Sale Requests

 

All requests received in good order by BNY Mellon Investment Servicing or authorized dealers of Fund shares before the close of regular trading on the NYSE, typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, will be executed the same day, at that day’s NAV. Such orders received after the close of regular trading of the NYSE will be executed the following day, at that day’s NAV. All investments must be in U.S. dollars. Purchase and redemption orders are executed only on days when the NYSE is open for trading. If the NYSE closes early, the deadlines for purchase and redemption orders are accelerated to the earlier closing time.

 

24



 

New York Stock Exchange Closings

 

The NYSE is typically closed for trading on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

 

Investments through Financial Intermediaries/Nominees

 

If you invest through a financial intermediary or nominee, such as a broker-dealer or financial adviser (rather than directly through the Funds), certain policies and fees regarding your investment in the Funds may be different than those described in this prospectus. Financial intermediaries and nominees may charge transaction fees and set different minimum investments or limitations or procedures on buying or selling shares. The Funds will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker, or, if applicable, a broker’s designee receives the order. It is the responsibility of the financial intermediary or nominee to promptly forward purchase or redemption orders and payments to the Funds. You will not be charged any additional fees by the Funds (other than those described in this prospectus) if you purchase or redeem shares directly through the Funds.

 

Account Minimum

 

You must keep at least [$2,500] worth of Investor Class and Institutional Class shares in your account to keep the account open. If, after giving you 30 days’ prior written notice, your account value is still below [$2,500] due to your redemptions (not including market fluctuations), the Funds may redeem your shares and send you a check for the redemption proceeds.

 

Medallion Signature Guarantees

 

The Funds may require additional documentation for the redemption of corporate, partnership or fiduciary accounts, or medallion signature guarantees for certain types of transfer requests or account registration changes. A medallion signature guarantee helps protect against fraud. A medallion signature guarantee is required if the written redemption exceeds $50,000, the address of record has changed within the past 30 days or the proceeds are to be paid to a person other than the account owner of record. When the Funds require a signature guarantee, a medallion signature must be provided. A medallion signature guarantee may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency, saving association or other financial institution that is participating in a medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association. The Funds recognize the following three medallion programs: (i) Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP), (ii) Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (SEMP) and (iii) New York Stock Exchange, Inc., Medallion Signature Program (MSP). Signature guarantees from a financial institution that does not participate in one of these programs will not be accepted. Please call Shareholder Services toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx for further information on obtaining a proper signature guarantee.

 

Customer Identification Program

 

Federal law requires the Funds to obtain, verify and record identifying information, which includes the name, residential or business street address, date of birth (for an individual), social security or taxpayer identification number or other identifying information for each investor who opens or reopens an account with the Funds. Applications without the required information, or without any indication that a social security or taxpayer identification number has been applied for, will not be accepted. After acceptance, to the extent permitted by applicable law or its customer identification program, the Funds reserve the right to: (a) place limits on transactions in any account until the identity of the investor is verified; or (b) refuse an investment in the Funds or to involuntarily redeem an investor’s shares and close an account in the event that an investor’s identity is not verified. A Fund and it agents will not be responsible for any loss in an investor’s account resulting from the investor’s delay in providing all required identifying information or from closing an account and redeeming an investor’s shares when an investor’s identity cannot be verified.

 

Other Documents

 

Additional documents may be required for purchases and redemptions when shares are registered in the name of a corporation, partnership, association, agent, fiduciary, trust, estate or other organization. For further information, please call Shareholder Services toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

25



 

SHAREHOLDER SERVICES

 

Your Account

 

If you have questions about your account, including purchases, redemptions and distributions, call Shareholder Services from Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., Eastern time. Call toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

Account Statements

 

The Funds currently provides the following account information:

 

·  confirmation statements after transactions (except for certain automatic transactions, such as those related to automatic investment plan purchases or dividend reinvestments);

 

·  account statements reflecting transactions made during the covered period (generally, monthly for Institutional Class shares, and quarterly or annually for Investor Class shares); and

 

·  tax information, which will be mailed each year by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) deadline, a copy of which will also be filed with the IRS, if necessary.

 

Financial statements with a summary of portfolio composition and performance will be available at least twice a year.

 

The Funds routinely provide the above shareholder services, but may charge additional fees for special services such as requests for historical transcripts of accounts.

 

With the exception of statutorily required items, the Funds may change any of the above practices without notice.

 

Delivery of Shareholder Documents

 

To reduce expenses, the Funds mail only one copy of its prospectus and each annual and semi-annual report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please call toll-free at (xxx) xxx - xxxx or, if your shares are held through a financial institution, please contact the financial institution directly. The Funds will begin sending you individual copies within 30 days after receiving your request.

 

DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Distributions of net investment income and net capital gain, if any, are declared and paid annually to you. The amount of any distribution will vary and there is no guarantee that the Funds will distribute either investment income or capital gains.

 

Distributions are payable to the shareholders of record at the time the distributions are declared (including holders of shares being redeemed, but excluding holders of shares being purchased). All distributions are reinvested in additional shares, unless you elect to receive the distributions in cash. Shares become entitled to receive distributions on the day after the shares are issued. If you invest in the Funds shortly before the ex-dividend date of a taxable distribution, the distribution will lower the value of that Fund’s shares by the amount of the distribution and, in effect, you will receive some of your investment back in the form of a taxable distribution.

 

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT TAXES

 

The tax information in this prospectus is provided only for general information purposes and only for U.S. taxpayers and should not be considered as tax advice or relied on by a shareholder or prospective investor.

 

General. The Funds intend to qualify annually to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code. As such, the Funds will not be subject to federal income tax on the earnings it distributes to shareholders provided it satisfies certain requirements and restrictions set forth in the Code one of which is to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of its income and gains each year. If for any taxable year a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC: (1) it will be subject to tax in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and will be subject to tax on a graduated basis at the corporate tax

 

26



 

rates then in effect; and (2) all distributions from its earnings and profits (as determined under federal income tax principles) will be taxable as ordinary dividend income eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders and the non-corporate shareholder long-term capital gain rate for “qualified dividend income” and ordinary rates for all other distributions, except for those treated as a return of capital.

 

Distributions. The Funds will make distributions to you that may be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains (which may be taxed at different rates depending on the length of time the Fund holds its assets). The dividends and distributions you receive may be subject to federal, state and local taxation, depending upon your tax situation. Distributions are taxable whether you reinvest such distributions in additional shares of the Funds or choose to receive cash.

 

Unless you are investing through a tax-deferred retirement account (such as a 401(k) or an IRA), you should consider avoiding a purchase of Fund shares shortly before a Funds makes a distribution, because making such a purchase can increase your taxes and the cost of the shares. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15, you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the Fund pays a distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19 (not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you owe tax on the $250 distribution you received — even if you reinvest it in more shares and have to pay the tax due on the dividend without receiving any cash to pay the taxes. To avoid “buying a dividend,” check the Funds’ distribution schedules before you invest.

 

Ordinary Income. Net investment income, except for qualified dividends, and short-term capital gains that are distributed to you are taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes regardless of how long you have held your Fund shares. Certain dividends distributed to non-corporate shareholders and designated by the Funds as “qualified dividend income” are eligible for the long-term capital gains tax rates. Short-term capital gains that are distributed to you are taxable as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes regardless of how long you have held your Fund shares.

 

Net Capital Gains. Net capital gains (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) distributed to you, if any, are taxable as long-term capital gains (based on a Fund’s holding period) for federal income tax purposes regardless of how long you have held your Fund shares.

 

Sale or Exchange of Shares. It is a taxable event for you if you sell shares of a Fund or exchange shares of a Fund for shares of another Fund. Depending on the purchase price and the sale price of the shares you sell or exchange, you may have a taxable gain or loss on the transaction. Any realized gain will be taxable to you, and, generally, will be capital gain, assuming you held the shares of the Fund as a capital asset. The capital gain will be long-term or short-term depending on how long you have held your shares in the Fund. Sales of shares of a Fund that you have held for twelve months or less will be a short-term capital gain or loss and if held for more than twelve months will constitute a long-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on a disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of capital gain dividends received by the shareholder and disallowed to the extent of any distributions of tax-exempt interest dividends, if any, received by the shareholder with respect to such shares.

 

Returns of Capital. If a Fund’s distributions exceed its taxable income and capital gains realized during a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in the same taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, to the extent of each shareholder’s basis in a Fund’s shares but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in a Fund and result in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those shares on which the distribution was received are sold.

 

Medicare Contribution Tax. Under current law, U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000, if married and filing jointly and $125,000 if married and filing separately) will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on net investment income including interest (excluding tax-exempt interest), dividends, and capital gains. If applicable, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of the individual’s (i) net investment income or (ii) the excess of modified adjusted gross income over $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly and $125,000 if married and filing separately).

 

27



 

IRAs and Other Tax-Qualified Plans. One major exception to these tax principles is that a distribution on or the sale or exchange of shares held in an IRA (or other tax-qualified plan) will not be currently taxable unless the shares were acquired with borrowed funds.

 

Backup Withholding. The Funds may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax on all taxable distributions and sales payable to shareholders who fail to provide their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the Internal Revenue Service that they are subject to backup withholding. The current backup withholding rate is 28%.

 

State and Local Income Taxes. This Prospectus does not discuss the state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Funds. You are urged and advised to consult your own tax adviser concerning state and local taxes, which may have different consequences from those of the federal income tax laws.

 

Non-U.S. Shareholders. Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. tax as a result of an investment in the Funds. The Funds are required to withhold 30% tax on certain payments made to foreign entities that do not qualify for reduced withholding rates under a treaty and do not meet specified information reporting requirements under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. This Prospectus does not discuss the U.S. or foreign country tax consequences of an investment by a non-U.S. shareholder in the Funds. Accordingly, non-U.S. shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisers as to the U.S. and foreign country tax consequences of an investment in the Funds.

 

Basis Reporting and Holding Periods. A shareholder is responsible for tracking the tax basis and holding periods of the shareholder’s shares in a Fund for federal income tax purposes. However, RICs, such as the Funds, must report cost basis information to you and the Internal Revenue Service when a shareholder sells or exchanges shares that are not in a tax deferred retirement account. The Funds will permit shareholders to elect from among several IRS accepted cost basis methods.

 

Statements and Notices. You will receive an annual statement outlining the tax status of your distributions. You may also receive written notices of certain foreign taxes and distributions paid by a Fund during the prior taxable year.

 

This section is only a summary of some important income tax considerations that may affect your investment in the Funds. More information regarding these considerations is included in the Funds’ SAI. You are urged and advised to consult your own tax adviser regarding the effects of an investment in the Funds on your tax situation.

 

28



 

[ARABESQUE SYSTEMATIC FUNDS]

of

FundVantage Trust

(xxx) xxx - xxxx

FOR MORE INFORMATION

 

For additional information about the Funds, the following documents are available free upon request:

 

Annual/Semi-Annual Reports

 

These reports will contain additional information about the Funds’ investments including performance data, information on the Funds’ portfolio holdings and operating results for the most recently completed fiscal year or half-year. The annual report will include a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during its last fiscal year. The Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports (once prepared) will be available, free of charge, by calling (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

 

The SAI provides additional technical and legal descriptions of the Funds’ policies, investment restrictions, risks and business structure, including a description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities holdings. The information in the SAI, as supplemented from time to time, is incorporated into this prospectus by this reference. This means that the SAI, for legal purposes, is part of this prospectus. The SAI is available, free of charge, by calling (xxx) xxx - xxxx.

 

Shareholder Inquiries

 

Copies of these documents and answers to questions about the Funds, including information on how to purchase or redeem Fund shares, may be obtained free of charge by contacting:

 

[Arabesque Systematic Funds]
FundVantage Trust
c/o BNY Mellon Investment Servicing
P.O. Box 9829
Providence, RI 02940-8029
(xxx) xxx - xxxx
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Eastern time

 

Securities and Exchange Commission

 

Reports and information about the Funds (including the SAI and annual and semi-annual reports) also may be viewed or downloaded, free of charge, from the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Such information can also be reviewed and copied at the Public Reference Room of the Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. Copies of this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov or, by writing the Public Reference Room of the SEC, Washington, D.C., 20549-1520. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090.

 

The investment company registration number is 811-22027

 



 

ARABESQUE SYSTEMATIC USA FUND

 

INVESTOR CLASS

 

INSTITUTIONAL
CLASS

[·]

 

[·]

 

ARABESQUE SYSTEMATIC INTERNATIONAL FUND

 

INVESTOR CLASS

 

INSTITUTIONAL
CLASS

[·]

 

[·]

 

OF

 

FUNDVANTAGE TRUST

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

[·], 2017

 

This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) provides information about the Arabesque Systematic USA Fund and Arabesque Systematic International Fund, (each a “Fund”) a series of FundVantage Trust (the “Trust”). Unless otherwise indicated, references to the “Fund” in this SAI refers to all Funds.

 

This SAI is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s current prospectus dated [·], 2017, as amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). This SAI is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the Prospectus. A copy of the Prospectus and annual reports to shareholders, when available, may be obtained without charge, upon request, by writing to the Fund at 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581-1722 or calling the Fund at (xxx) xxx-xxxx.

 



 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Page

General Information

3

Investment Policies

3

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

19

Investment Limitations

20

Trustees and Officers

22

Code of Ethics

28

Proxy Voting

28

Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities

30

Investment Advisory Services

30

Portfolio Manager

31

Administration and Accounting Services

33

Additional Service Providers

34

Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices

34

Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries

35

Distribution of Shares and Rule 12b-1 Plan

35

Capital Stock and Other Securities

38

Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares

38

Dividends

39

Taxation of the Fund

39

Appendix A — Description of Securities Ratings

B-1

Appendix B — Proxy Voting Policies

B-8

 

2



 

GENERAL INFORMATION

 

The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on August 28, 2006. The Trust is a series trust authorized to issue separate series or classes of shares of beneficial interest. The Trust has established the Fund as a separate series of the Trust. The Fund issues Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. Arabesque Asset Management Ltd (“Arabesque” or the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

The Fund is a diversified, open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). As a diversified fund, the Fund is limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the portion of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The Fund, however, intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), to relieve the Fund of any liability for federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders. The IRC test applies at the end of each fiscal quarter and generally requires that at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets be represented by the types of assets that satisfy the asset diversification requirement imposed by the 1940 Act. In addition, no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer. Stocks of particular issuers, or issuers in particular industries, may dominate the investment portfolio of the Fund, which may adversely affect the performance of the Fund or subject it to greater price volatility than that experienced by more diversified investment companies.

 

INVESTMENT POLICIES

 

The following supplements the information contained in the Prospectus concerning the investment objective and policies of the Fund. The information below does not describe every type of investment, technique or risk to which the Fund may be exposed. Much of the information contained in this SAI expands on subjects discussed in the Fund’s prospectus. No investment in the shares of the Fund should be made before reading the Prospectus.

 

BANK OBLIGATIONS. Bank obligations in which the Fund may invest include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and fixed time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. The Fund will not invest in fixed time deposits which (1) are not subject to prepayment or (2) provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits) if, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in such deposits, repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days and other illiquid assets.

 

Obligations of foreign banks involve somewhat different investment risks than those affecting obligations of United States banks, including the possibilities that their liquidity could be impaired because of future political and economic developments, that their obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of United States banks, that a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding taxes on interest income payable on those obligations, that foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized, that foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be adopted which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on those obligations and that the selection of those obligations may be more difficult because there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks or the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to United States banks. Foreign banks are not generally subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.

 

·                  BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCES. Bankers’ acceptances are credit instruments evidencing the obligation of a bank to pay a draft that has been drawn on it by a customer. These instruments

 

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reflect the obligation of both the bank and the drawer to pay the face amount of the instrument upon maturity.

 

·                  CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT. Certificates of deposit are certificates evidencing the indebtedness of a commercial bank to repay funds deposited with it for a definite period of time (usually from 14 days to one year) at a stated or variable interest rate. Variable rate certificates of deposit provide that the interest rate will fluctuate on designated dates based on changes in a designated base rate (such as the composite rate for certificates of deposit established by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York).

 

·                  TIME DEPOSITS. Time deposits are bank deposits for fixed periods of time. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which may vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits.

 

BORROWING. The Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time. This means that, in general, the Fund may borrow money from banks for any purpose on a secured basis in an amount up to 33-1/3% of the Fund’s total assets. The Fund may also borrow money for temporary administrative purposes on an unsecured basis in an amount not to exceed 5% of the Fund’s total assets.

 

Specifically, provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.

 

COMMON STOCK. Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company or other entity. This ownership interest often gives the Fund the right to vote on measures affecting the company’s organization and operations. Although common stocks generally have had a history of long-term growth in value, their prices are often volatile in the short-term and can be influenced by both general market risk and specific corporate risks. Accordingly, the Fund can lose money through its stock investments.

 

CYBER SECURITY RISK. The Fund and its service providers are susceptible to operational and information security risks due to cyber security incidents.  In general, cyber security incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events.  Cyber security attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption.  Cyber-attacks also may be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make services unavailable to intended users).  Cyber security incidents affecting the Adviser, Transfer Agent or Custodian or other service providers such as financial intermediaries have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, including by interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV; impediments to trading for the Fund’s portfolio; the inability of fund shareholders to transact business with the Fund; violations of applicable privacy, data security or other laws; regulatory fines and penalties; reputational damage; reimbursement or other compensation or remediation costs; legal fees; or additional compliance costs.  Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber security incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, counterparties with which the Fund engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions and other parties.  While information risk management systems and business continuity plans have been developed which are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security,

 

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there are inherent limitations in any cyber security risk management systems or business continuity plans, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified.

 

DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends interest and shareholder information regarding corporate actions. ADRs may be available through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt and a depositary. An unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary without participation by the issuer of the underlying security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the unsponsored facility. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through, to the holders of the receipts, voting rights with respect to the deposited securities. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities. These risks include foreign exchange risk as well as the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer’s country.

 

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS. In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund may, to the extent permitted by its investment objective and policies, purchase and sell (write) both put options and call options on securities, swap agreements, securities indexes, and foreign currencies, and enter into interest rate, and index futures contracts. The Fund also may purchase and sell foreign currency options for purposes of increasing exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another. The Fund may also enter into swap agreements with respect to interest rates, and indexes of securities. If other types of financial instruments, including other types of options, or futures contracts are traded in the future, the Fund may also use those instruments, provided that such instruments are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective.

 

The value of some derivative instruments in which the Fund invests may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like the other investments of the Fund, the ability of the Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend in part upon the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. If the Adviser incorrectly forecasts such factors and has taken positions in derivative instruments contrary to prevailing market trends, the Fund could be exposed to the risk of loss.

 

The Fund might not employ any of the strategies described below, and no assurance can be given that any strategy used will succeed. If the Adviser incorrectly forecasts interest rates, market values or other economic factors in using a derivatives strategy for the Fund, the Fund might have been in a better position if it had not entered into the transaction at all. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances. The use of these strategies involves certain special risks, including a possible imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of derivative instruments and price movements of related investments. While some strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in related investments or otherwise, due to the possible inability of the Fund to purchase or sell a portfolio security at a time that otherwise would be favorable, the possible need to sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time because the Fund is required to maintain asset coverage, offsetting positions in connection with transactions in derivative instruments or the possible inability of the Fund to close out or to liquidate its derivatives positions. In addition, the Fund’s use of such instruments may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates) than if it had not used such instruments. If the Fund gains exposure to an asset class using derivative instruments backed by a collateral portfolio of fixed income instruments, changes in the value of the fixed income instruments may result in greater or lesser exposure to that asset class than would have resulted from a direct investment in securities comprising that asset class.

 

Options on Securities and Indexes. The Fund may, to the extent specified herein or in the Prospectus, purchase and sell both put and call options on fixed income or other securities or indexes in standardized contracts traded on foreign or domestic securities exchanges, boards of trade, or similar entities, or quoted on the National Association

 

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of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System (“NASDAQ”) or on an over-the-counter market, and agreements, sometimes called cash puts, which may accompany the purchase of a new issue of bonds from a dealer.

 

An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. (An index is designed to reflect features of a particular financial or securities market, a specific group of financial instruments or securities or certain economic indicators.)

 

The Fund will write call options and put options only if they are “covered.” In the case of a call option on a security, the option is “covered” if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or other assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, in such amount are segregated or “earmarked”) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held by the Fund. For a call option on an index, the option is covered if the Fund maintains with its custodian assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, in an amount equal to the contract value of the index. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds a call on the same security or index as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written, or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the call written, provided the difference is maintained by the Fund in segregated or “earmarked” assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees. A put option on a security or an index is “covered” if the Fund segregates or “earmarks” assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees equal to the exercise price. A put option is also covered if the Fund holds a put on the same security or index as the put written where the exercise price of the put held is (i) equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the put written, provided the difference is maintained by the Fund in segregated or “earmarked” assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees.

 

If an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital loss equal to the premium paid. Prior to the earlier of exercise or expiration, an exchange traded option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series (type, exchange, underlying security or index, exercise price and expiration). There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund desires.

 

The Fund may sell put or call options it has previously purchased, which could result in a net gain or loss depending on whether the amount realized on the sale is more or less than the premium and other transaction costs paid on the put or call option which is sold. Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series. The Fund will realize a capital gain from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing option is less than the premium received from writing the option, or, if it is more, the Fund will realize a capital loss. If the premium received from a closing sale transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, the Fund will realize a capital gain or, if it is less, the Fund will realize a capital loss. The principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, interest rates, the current market price of the underlying security or index in relation to the exercise price of the option, the volatility of the underlying security or index, and the time remaining until the expiration date.

 

The premium paid for a put or call option purchased by the Fund is an asset of the Fund. The premium received for an option written by the Fund is recorded as a deferred credit. The value of an option purchased or written is marked to market daily and is valued at the closing price on the exchange on which it is traded or, if not traded on an exchange or no closing price is available, at the mean between the last bid and asked prices.

 

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The Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a combination of a call and a put written on the same underlying security. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Fund’s immediate obligations. The Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Fund will also segregate or “earmark” liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is “in the money.”

 

Risks Associated with Options on Securities and Indexes. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and on indexes. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events.

 

The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying security at the exercise price. If a put or call option purchased by the Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security remains equal to or greater than the exercise price (in the case of a put), or remains less than or equal to the exercise price (in the case of a call), the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security.

 

There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an option position. If the Fund were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If trading were suspended in an option purchased by the Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out the option. If restrictions on exercise were imposed, the Fund might be unable to exercise an option it has purchased. Except to the extent that a call option on an index written by the Fund is covered by an option on the same index purchased by the Fund, movements in the index may result in a loss to the Fund; however, such losses may be mitigated by changes in the value of the Fund’s securities during the period the option was outstanding. If the Fund were unable to close out a covered call option that it had written on a security, it would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise. As the writer of a covered call option, the Fund forgoes, during the option’s life, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security covering the call option above the sum of the premium and the exercise price of the call.

 

To the extent that the Fund writes a call option on a security it holds in its portfolio and intends to use such security as the sole means of “covering” its obligation under the call option, the Fund has, in return for the premium on the option, given up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying security above the exercise price during the option period, but, as long as its obligation under such call option continues, has retained the risk of loss should the price of the underlying security decline. If the Fund were unable to close out such a call option, the Fund would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise.

 

Futures Contracts. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security for a set price on a future date. These contracts are traded on exchanges, so that, in most cases, either party can close out its position on the exchange for cash, without delivering the security. The Fund may invest in futures contracts with respect to equity securities or equity indices. To the extent that the Fund may invest in foreign currency denominated securities, it may also invest in foreign currency futures contracts and options thereon.

 

A foreign currency or index futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, the cash value of an index at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes as well as financial instruments and foreign currencies and it is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future.

 

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Limitations on Use of Futures. The Fund will only enter into futures contracts which are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity or quoted on an automated quotation system.

 

When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by the Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with the custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) a specified amount of assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees (“initial margin”). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. Margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than U.S. exchanges. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Fund expects to earn interest income on its initial margin deposits. A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called “variation margin,” equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing the daily NAV, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions.

 

Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities or commodities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (same exchange, underlying security or index and delivery month). Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by purchasing a futures contract for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument with the same delivery date. If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.

 

When purchasing a futures contract, the Fund will maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, that, when added to the amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as margin, are equal to the market value of the futures contract. Alternatively, the Fund may “cover” their position by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a strike price as high as or higher than the price of the contract held by the Fund.

 

When selling a futures contract, the Fund will maintain with its custodian (and mark-to-market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees that are equal to the market value of the futures contract. Alternatively, the Fund may “cover” its position by owning the instruments underlying the futures contract (or, in the case of an index futures contract, a portfolio with a volatility substantially similar to that of the index on which the futures contract is based), or by holding a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price no higher than the price of the contract written by the Fund (or at a higher price if the difference is maintained in liquid assets with the Trust’s custodian).

 

With respect to futures contracts that are not legally required to “cash settle,” the Fund may cover the open position by setting aside or “earmarking” liquid assets in an amount equal to the market value of the futures contract. With respect to futures that are required to “cash settle,” however, the Fund is permitted to set aside or “earmark” liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked to market (net) obligation, if any, (in other words, the Fund’s daily net liability, if any) rather than the market value of the futures contract. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligation under cash-settled futures, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate assets equal to the full market value of the futures contract.

 

To the extent that securities with maturities greater than one year are used to segregate or “earmark” assets to cover the Fund’s obligations under futures contracts, such use will not eliminate the risk of a form of leverage, which may tend to exaggerate the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio and may require liquidation of portfolio positions when it is not advantageous to do so. However, any potential risk of leverage resulting from the use of securities with maturities greater than one year may be mitigated by the overall duration limit on the Fund’s portfolio securities. Thus, the use of a longer-term security may require the Fund to

 

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hold offsetting short-term securities to balance the Fund’s portfolio such that the Fund’s duration does not exceed the maximum permitted for the Fund in the Prospectus.

 

The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) provided under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”) also may limit the extent to which the Fund may enter into futures or forward contracts. See “Taxation of the Fund.”

 

Risks Associated with Futures. There are several risks associated with the use of futures. A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the margin deposits relating to the futures contract. There can be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in the hedging vehicle and in the Fund securities being hedged. In addition, there are significant differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given hedge not to achieve its objectives. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures on securities, including technical influences in futures trading, and differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities and creditworthiness of issuers. A decision as to whether, when and how to hedge involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected interest rate trends.

 

Futures contracts on U.S. Government securities historically have reacted to an increase or decrease in interest rates in a manner similar to that in which the underlying U.S. Government securities reacted. To the extent, however, that the Fund enters into such futures contracts, the value of such futures will not vary in direct proportion to the value of the Fund’s holdings. Thus, the anticipated spread between the price of the futures contract and the hedged security may be distorted due to differences in the nature of the markets. The spread also may be distorted by differences in initial and variation margin requirements, the liquidity of such markets and the participation of speculators in such markets.

 

Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.

 

There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures position, and that the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.

 

Tax Risk. The Fund intends to qualify annually to be treated as a RIC under the IRC. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must invest in assets which produce specific types of income (“Qualifying Income”). Whether the income from certain derivatives, swaps, is Qualifying Income must be determined on a case-by-case basis, and the Fund will endeavor to ensure that income that is not Qualifying Income will be limited to 10% or less of the Fund’s income. If the Fund does invest in these types of securities and the income is not determined to be Qualifying Income, it may cause the Fund to fail to qualify as a RIC under the IRC. See “Taxation of the Fund” below for additional information related to these restrictions.

 

Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts and Forward Currency Exchange Contracts and Options Thereon. Options on securities, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex

 

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foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Trust’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States and (v) lesser trading volume.

 

Swap Agreements and Options on Swap Agreements. The Fund may engage in swap transactions, including, but not limited to, swap agreements on equities and equity indexes. To the extent the Fund may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities, it also may invest in currency exchange rate swap agreements. The Fund also may enter into options on swap agreements (“swap options”).

 

The Fund may enter into swap transactions for any legal purpose consistent with its investment objectives and policies, such as attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining a return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a duration management technique, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date, or to gain exposure to certain markets in a more cost efficient manner.

 

OTC swap agreements are bilateral contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities or commodities representing a particular index. A “quanto” or “differential” swap combines both an interest rate and a currency transaction. Other forms of swap agreements include interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or “cap”; interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified rate, or “floor”; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.

 

The Fund also may enter into swap options. A swap option is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swap options.

 

Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swap option than it will incur when it purchases a swap option. When the Fund purchases a swap option, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swap option, upon exercise of the option the Fund will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.

 

Most types of swap agreements entered into by the Fund will calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently, the Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). The Fund’s current obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by the segregation or “earmarking” of assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, to avoid any potential leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio. Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be “senior securities” for purposes of the Fund’s investment restriction concerning senior securities.

 

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and related regulatory developments require the clearing and exchange-trading of many standardized OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and SEC recently defined as “swaps” including non-deliverable foreign exchange forwards, OTC foreign exchange options and swap options. Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing is occurring on a phased-in basis based on type of market participant and CFTC approval of contracts for central clearing. The Adviser will continue to monitor developments in this area, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Fund’s ability to enter into swap agreements.

 

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Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements or swap options will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter into OTC swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. Certain restrictions imposed on the Fund by the Internal Revenue Code may limit the Fund’s ability to use swap agreements. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including additional government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

 

Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with traditional investments. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the reference asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions. Because OTC swap agreements are two-party contracts that may be subject to contractual restrictions on transferability and termination and because they may have remaining terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid and subject to the Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. However, the Trust has adopted procedures pursuant to which the Adviser may determine swaps to be liquid under certain circumstances. To the extent that a swap is not liquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.

 

Like most other investments, swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to the Fund’s interest. The Fund bears the risk that the Adviser will not accurately forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors in establishing swap positions for the Fund. If the Adviser attempts to use a swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the Fund will be exposed to the risk that the swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the Fund. While hedging strategies involving swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other Fund investments. Many swaps are complex and often valued subjectively.

 

Correlation Risk. In certain cases, the value of derivatives may not correlate perfectly, or at all, with the value of the assets, reference rates or indexes they are designed to closely track. In this regard, certain funds seek to achieve their investment objectives, in part, by investing in derivatives positions that are designed to closely track the performance (or inverse performance) of an index on a daily basis. However, the overall investment strategy of the Fund is not designed or expected to produce returns which replicate the performance (or inverse performance) of the particular index, and the degree of variation could be substantial, particularly over longer periods. There are a number of factors which may prevent a mutual fund, or derivatives or other strategies used by the Fund, from achieving desired correlation (or inverse correlation) with an index. These may include, but are not limited to: (i) the impact of fund fees, expenses and transaction costs, including borrowing and brokerage costs/bid-ask spreads, which are not reflected in index returns; (ii) differences in the timing of daily calculations of the value of an index and the timing of the valuation of derivatives, securities and other assets held by the Fund and the determination of the NAV of fund shares; (iii) disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for derivative instruments or securities in which the Fund invests; (iv) the Fund having exposure to or holding less than all of the securities in the underlying index and/or having exposure to or holding securities not included in the underlying index; (v) large or unexpected movements of assets into and out of the Fund (due to share purchases or redemptions, for example), potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to the index; (vi) the impact of accounting standards or changes thereto; (vii) changes to the applicable index that are not disseminated in advance; and (viii) a possible need to conform the Fund’s portfolio holdings to comply with investment restrictions or policies or regulatory or tax law requirements.

 

Risk of Potential Government Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that additional government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures, options and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments potentially to the detriment of the Fund. It is impossible to fully predict the effects of past, present or future legislation and regulation in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse. It is possible that legislative and regulatory activity could limit or restrict the ability of the Fund to use

 

11



 

certain instruments as a part of its investment strategy. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also prevent the Fund from using certain instruments.

 

There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to implement their investment strategies. The futures, options and swaps markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading. The regulation of futures, options and swaps transactions in the U.S. is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action.

 

In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act sets forth a legislative framework for OTC derivatives, including financial instruments, such as swaps, in which the Fund may invest. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act makes broad changes to the OTC derivatives market, grants significant new authority to the SEC and the CFTC to regulate OTC derivatives and market participants, and requires clearing and exchange trading of many OTC derivatives transactions.

 

Provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act include new capital and margin requirements and the mandatory use of clearinghouse mechanisms for many OTC derivative transactions. The CFTC, SEC and other federal regulators have been developing the rules and regulations enacting the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. Because there is a prescribed phase-in period during which most of the mandated rulemaking and regulations will be implemented, it is not possible at this time to gauge the exact nature and full scope of the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on the Fund. However, swap dealers, major market participants and swap counterparties are experiencing, and will continue to experience, new and additional regulations, requirements, compliance burdens and associated costs. The new law and the rules to be promulgated thereunder may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective either through limits or requirements imposed on it or upon its counterparties. In particular, new position limits imposed on the Fund or its counterparties may impact the Fund’s ability to invest in futures, options and swaps in a manner that efficiently meets its investment objective. New requirements even if not directly applicable to the Fund, including capital requirements, changes to the CFTC speculative position limits regime and mandatory clearing, may increase the cost of a Fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.

 

Tax Risk. The Fund intends to qualify annually to be treated as a RIC under the IRC. To qualify as a RIC under the IRC, the Fund must invest in assets which produce the types of income specified in the IRC and the Treasury Regulations (“Qualifying Income”). Whether the income from certain derivatives, swaps is Qualifying Income must be determined on a case-by-case basis, and the Fund will endeavor to ensure that income that is not Qualifying Income will be limited to 10% or less of the Fund’s income. If the Fund does invest in these types of securities and the income is determined not to be Qualifying Income, it may cause the Fund to fail to qualify as a RIC under the IRC. See “Taxation of the Fund” below for additional information related to these restrictions.

 

FOREIGN CURRENCY AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS (With respect to the Arabesque Systematic International Fund only). A Fund may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities and may purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts (see “Derivative Instruments”) and may engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot (cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time or through forward currency contracts (“forwards”) with terms generally of less than one year. The Fund may engage in these transactions in order to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates in the purchase and sale of securities. The Fund may also use foreign currency options and foreign currency forward contracts to increase exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another.

 

A forward involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts may be bought or sold to protect the Fund against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar or to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency. Open positions in forwards used for non-hedging purposes will be covered by the segregation or “earmarking” of assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees and are marked-to-market daily. Although forwards are intended to minimize the risk of loss due

 

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to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might result should the value of such currencies increase.

 

Forwards will be used primarily to adjust the foreign exchange exposure of the Fund with a view to protecting the outlook, and the Fund might be expected to enter into such contracts under the following circumstances:

 

(i)

When the Adviser desires to lock in the U.S. dollar price on the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency.

 

 

(ii)

If a particular currency is expected to decrease against another currency, the Fund may sell the currency expected to decrease and purchase a currency which is expected to increase against the currency sold in an amount approximately equal to some or all of the Fund’s portfolio holdings denominated in the currency sold.

 

 

(iii)

If the Adviser wants to eliminate substantially all of the risk of owning a particular currency, and/or if the Adviser thinks that the Fund can benefit from price appreciation in a given country’s bonds but does not want to hold the currency, it may employ a direct hedge back into the U.S. dollar. In either case, the Fund would enter into a forward contract to sell the currency in which a portfolio security is denominated and purchase U.S. dollars at an exchange rate established at the time it initiated the contract. The cost of the direct hedge transaction may offset most, if not all, of the yield advantage offered by the foreign security, but the Fund would hope to benefit from an increase (if any) in the value of the bond.

 

 

(iv)

The Adviser might choose to use a proxy hedge, which may be less costly than a direct hedge. In this case, the Fund, having purchased a security, will sell a currency whose value is believed to be closely linked to the currency in which the security is denominated. Interest rates prevailing in the country whose currency was sold would be expected to be closer to those in the U.S. and lower than those of securities denominated in the currency of the original holding. This type of hedging entails greater risk than a direct hedge because it is dependent on a stable relationship between the two currencies paired as proxies and the relationships can be very unstable at times.

 

Costs of Hedging. When the Fund purchases a foreign bond with a higher interest rate than is available on U.S. bonds of a similar maturity, the additional yield on the foreign bond could be substantially reduced or lost if the Fund were to enter into a direct hedge by selling the foreign currency and purchasing the U.S. dollar. This is what is known as the “cost” of hedging. Proxy hedging attempts to reduce this cost through an indirect hedge back to the U.S. dollar.

 

It is important to note that hedging costs are treated as capital transactions and are not, therefore, deducted from the Fund’s dividend distribution and are not reflected in its yield. Instead such costs will, over time, be reflected in the Fund’s NAV per share.

 

The forecasting of currency market movement is extremely difficult, and whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a foreign currency forward contract. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if the Adviser’s predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks and may leave the Fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. Because foreign currency forward contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have flexibility to roll-over a foreign currency forward contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder.

 

The Fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies, so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these monies are converted back into U.S.

 

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dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.

 

Tax Consequences of Hedging. Under applicable tax law, the Fund may be required to limit its gains from hedging in foreign currency forwards, futures and options. The extent to which these limits apply is subject to tax regulations that, to date, have not been issued. Hedging may also result in the application of the mark-to-market and straddle provisions of the IRC. Those provisions could result in an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the Fund and could affect whether dividends paid by the Fund are classified as capital gains or ordinary income. See “Taxation of the Fund” below for additional information related to these tax issues.

 

Foreign Currency Exchange-Related Securities.

 

Foreign Currency Warrants. Foreign currency warrants such as Currency Exchange Warrants (“CEWs”) are warrants which entitle the holder to receive from their issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) which is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between a specified foreign currency and the U.S. dollar as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time. Foreign currency warrants have been issued in connection with U.S. dollar-denominated debt offerings by major corporate issuers in an attempt to reduce the foreign currency exchange risk which, from the point of view of prospective purchasers of the securities, is inherent in the international fixed-income marketplace. Foreign currency warrants may attempt to reduce the foreign exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event that the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese yen or the euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed). Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required either to sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, during which time the exchange rate could change significantly, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining “time value” of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants), and, in the case the warrants were “out-of-the-money,” in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants. Warrants are generally unsecured obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”). Unlike foreign currency options issued by OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants is generally considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving significantly larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to significant foreign exchange risk, including risks arising from complex political or economic factors.

 

Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities. Principal exchange rate linked securities (“PERLs”) are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and a particular foreign currency at or about that time. The return on “standard” PERLs is enhanced if the foreign currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the U.S. dollar and is adversely affected by increases in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar; “reverse” PERLs are like the “standard” securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the U.S. dollar and adversely impacted by increases in the value of foreign currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made in U.S. dollars at rates that reflect the degree of foreign currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). PERLs may

 

14



 

in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.

 

Performance Indexed Paper. Performance indexed paper (“PIPs”) is U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain foreign exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on PIPs is established at maturity as a function of spot exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a designated currency as of or about that time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.

 

FOREIGN SECURITIES (With respect to the Arabesque Systematic International Fund only). A Fund may invest in foreign securities, including securities from issuers located. Investing in foreign securities involves risks not typically associated with investing in securities of companies organized and operated in the United States that can increase the chances that the Fund will lose money. In addition to equity securities, foreign investments of a Fund may include: (a) debt obligations issued or guaranteed by foreign sovereign governments or their agencies, authorities, instrumentalities or political subdivisions, including a foreign state, province or municipality; (b) debt obligations of supranational organizations; (c) debt obligations of foreign banks and bank holding companies; (d) debt obligations of domestic banks and corporations issued in foreign currencies; (e) debt obligations denominated in the Euro; and (f) foreign corporate debt securities and commercial paper. Such securities may include loan participations and assignments, convertible securities and zero-coupon securities.

 

Currency Risk and Exchange Risk. Because foreign securities generally are denominated and pay dividends or interest in foreign currencies, the value of the Fund (if it invests in foreign securities as measured in U.S. dollars) will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in exchange rates. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency loses value because the currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar decreases in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency gains value because the currency is worth more U.S. dollars. This risk, generally known as “currency risk,” means that a stronger U.S. dollar will reduce returns for U.S. investors while a weak U.S. dollar will increase those returns.

 

Foreign Market Risk. A fund that may invest in foreign securities offers the potential for more diversification than a fund that invests only in the United States because securities traded on foreign markets have often (though not always) performed differently from securities traded in the United States. However, such investments often involve risks not present in U.S. investments that can increase the chances that the Fund will lose money. In particular, the Fund is subject to the risk that, because there are generally fewer investors on foreign exchanges and a smaller number of shares traded each day, it may be difficult for the Fund to buy and sell securities on those exchanges. In addition, prices of foreign securities may fluctuate more than prices of securities traded in the United States. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental actions such as the imposition of punitive taxes. In addition, the governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain industries. Any of these actions could severely affect security prices, impair the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell foreign securities or transfer the Fund’s assets or income back into the United States or otherwise adversely affect its operations. Other potential foreign market risks include exchange controls, difficulties in pricing securities, defaults on foreign government securities, difficulties in enforcing favorable legal judgments in foreign courts and political and social conditions, such as diplomatic relations, confiscatory taxation, expropriation, limitation on the removal of funds or assets or imposition of (or change in) exchange control regulations. Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the United States or other foreign countries. In addition, changes in government administrations or economic or monetary policies in the United States or abroad could result in appreciation or depreciation of portfolio securities and could favorably or adversely affect the Fund’s operations.

 

Public Availability of Information. In general, less information is publicly available with respect to foreign issuers than is available with respect to U.S. companies. Most foreign companies are also not subject to the uniform accounting and financial reporting requirements applicable to issuers in the United States. While the volume of transactions effected on foreign stock exchanges has increased in recent years, it remains appreciably below that of

 

15



 

the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”). Accordingly, the Fund’s foreign investments may be less liquid and their prices may be more volatile than comparable investments in securities in U.S. companies. In addition, there is generally less government supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers and issuers in foreign countries than in the United States.

 

Settlement Risk. Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States. Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations also may involve certain risks (such as delays in payment for or delivery of securities) not typically generated by the settlement of U.S. investments. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates in markets that still rely on physical settlement. Settlements in certain foreign countries at times have not kept pace with the number of securities transactions; these problems may make it difficult for the Fund to carry out transactions. If the Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a purchase of securities, it may miss attractive investment opportunities and certain of its assets may be uninvested with no return earned thereon for some period. If the Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a sale of securities, it may lose money if the value of the security then declines or, if it has contracted to sell the security to another party, the Fund could be liable to that party for any losses incurred. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes on income from sources in such countries.

 

Governmental Supervision and Regulation/Accounting Standards. Many foreign governments supervise and regulate stock exchanges, brokers and the sale of securities less than does the United States. Some countries may not have laws to protect investors comparable to the U.S. securities laws. For example, some foreign countries may have no laws or rules against insider trading. Insider trading occurs when a person buys or sells a company’s securities based on nonpublic information about that company. In addition, the U.S. Government has from time to time in the past imposed restrictions, through penalties and otherwise, on foreign investments by U.S. investors such as the Fund. Accounting standards in other countries are not necessarily the same as in the United States. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be harder for Fund management to completely and accurately determine a company’s financial condition. Also, brokerage commissions and other costs of buying or selling securities often are higher in foreign countries than they are in the United States. This reduces the amount the Fund can earn on its investments.

 

Certain Risks of Holding Fund Assets Outside the United States. The Fund generally holds foreign securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight over their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries may put limits on the Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or any of their agents goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for the Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount the Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in a higher operating expense ratio for the Fund as compared to investment companies that invest only in the United States.

 

Foreign Economy Risk. The economies of certain foreign markets often do not compare favorably with that of the United States with respect to such issues as growth of gross national product, reinvestment of capital, resources and balance of payments position. Certain such economies may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers and other protectionist or retaliatory measures.

 

Risks of Investing in Asia-Pacific Countries. In addition to the risks of foreign investing, the Asia-Pacific countries in which a Fund may invest are subject to certain additional or specific risks. In many of these markets, there is a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries. Many of these markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region such as in Japan and Hong Kong. Brokers in some Asia-Pacific countries typically are fewer in number and less well capitalized than brokers in the United States. These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment discussed below, result in potentially

 

16



 

fewer investment opportunities for the Fund and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of the Fund.

 

Restrictions on Foreign Investments in Asia-Pacific Countries. Some Asia-Pacific countries prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital markets, particularly their equity markets, by foreign entities such as the Fund. As illustrations, certain countries may require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company or limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of a company which may have less advantageous terms (including price and shareholder rights) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to obtain required governmental approvals in a timely manner. In addition, changes to restrictions on foreign ownership of securities subsequent to the Fund’s purchase of such securities may have an adverse effect on the value of such shares. Certain countries may restrict investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed important to national interests.

 

The expense ratios of funds investing significantly in foreign securities can be expected to be higher than those of funds investing primarily in domestic securities. The costs attributable to investing abroad are usually higher for several reasons, such as the higher cost of custody of foreign securities, higher commissions paid on comparable transactions on foreign markets and additional costs arising from delays in settlements of transactions involving foreign securities.

 

Risks of Investments in Russia. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities issued by companies located in Russia. Because of the recent formation of the Russian securities markets as well as the underdeveloped state of Russia’s banking system, settlement, clearing and registration of securities transactions are subject to significant risks. Ownership of shares is defined according to entries in the company’s share register and normally evidenced by extracts from the register. These extracts are not negotiable instruments and are not effective evidence of securities ownership. The registrars are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision nor are they licensed with any governmental entity. Also, there is no central registration system for shareholders and it is possible for the Fund to lose its registration through fraud, negligence or mere oversight. While the Fund will endeavor to ensure that its interest continues to be appropriately recorded either itself or through a custodian or other agent inspecting the share register and by obtaining extracts of share registers through regular confirmations, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible that subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the Fund of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interest. In addition, while applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for the Fund to enforce any rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of loss of share registration. While the Fund intends to invest directly in Russian companies that use an independent registrar, there can be no assurance that such investments will not result in a loss to the Fund.

 

P-notes. The Fund may invest in participatory notes (commonly known as P-notes), which are offshore derivative instruments issued to foreign institutional investors and their sub-accounts against underlying Indian securities listed on the Indian bourses. These securities are not registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India. Participatory notes are similar to ADRs and the risks of investing in participatory notes are similar to those discussed below with respect to securities of foreign issuers in general.

 

ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may not knowingly invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days at approximately the value at which they are being carried on the Fund’s books. The Board of Trustees has the ultimate responsibility for determining whether specific securities are liquid or illiquid. The Board of Trustees has delegated the function of making day to day determinations of liquidity to the Adviser, pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board of Trustees. The Adviser will monitor the liquidity of securities held by the Fund and report periodically on such decisions to the Board of Trustees. If the limitations on illiquid securities are exceeded, other than by a change in market values, the condition will be reported by the Adviser to the Board of Trustees. Illiquid securities would generally include repurchase agreements with notice/termination dates in excess of seven days and certain securities which are subject to trading restrictions because they are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). External market conditions may impact the liquidity of portfolio securities and may cause the Fund to sell or divest certain illiquid securities in order to comply with its limitation on holding illiquid securities, which may result in realized losses to the Fund.

 

17



 

INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in investment company securities issued by open-end and closed-end investment companies. Such investments are subject to limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act unless a SEC exemption is applicable or as may be permitted by rules under the 1940 Act or Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) staff interpretations thereof. The 1940 Act limitations currently provide, in part, that the Fund may not purchase shares of an investment company if: (a) such a purchase would cause the Fund to own in the aggregate more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the investment company; (b) such a purchase would cause the Fund to have more than 5% of its total assets invested in the investment company; or (c) more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the aggregate in all investment companies. As a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund would bear its pro-rata portion of the investment company’s expenses, including advisory fees, in addition to its own expenses. Although the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies, registered investment companies are permitted to invest in certain registered investment companies, beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A), subject to certain provisions of Section 12(d)(1), rules adopted by the SEC under Section 12 of the 1940 Act or terms and conditions set forth in a SEC exemptive order issued to such registered investment companies, including that such investment companies enter into an agreement with such registered investment companies.

 

MONEY MARKET FUNDS. The Fund may invest in the securities of money market mutual funds. Such investments are subject to limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder and applicable SEC staff interpretations thereof, or applicable exemptive relief granted by the SEC. (See “Investment Company Securities” above.)

 

PREFERRED STOCK. The Fund may invest in preferred stocks. Preferred stock has a preference over common stock in liquidation (and generally dividends as well) but is subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer in all respects. As a general rule, the market value of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, while the market price of convertible preferred stock generally also reflects some element of conversion value. Because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similar stated yield characteristics. Unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Preferred stock also may be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.

 

RESTRICTED SECURITIES. Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold to the public without registration under the 1933 Act or an exemption from registration. The Fund is subject to an investment limitation on the purchase of illiquid securities. Restricted securities, including securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, that are determined to be liquid are not subject to this limitation. This determination is to be made by the Adviser pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board of Trustees. Under these guidelines, the Adviser will consider the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, the number of dealers in, and potential purchasers for, the securities, dealer undertakings to make a market in the security and the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades. In purchasing such restricted securities, the Adviser intends to purchase securities that are exempt from registration under Rule 144A.

 

RIGHTS OFFERINGS AND WARRANTS TO PURCHASE SECURITIES. The Fund may participate in rights offerings and may purchase warrants, which are privileges issued by corporations enabling the owners to subscribe to and purchase a specified number of shares of the corporation at a specified price during a specified period of time.

 

Subscription rights normally have a short life span to expiration. The purchase of rights or warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a right or warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not exercised prior to the rights’ and warrants’ expiration. Also, the purchase of rights and/or warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the right and/or warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security’s market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security. Buying a warrant does not make the Fund a shareholder of the underlying stock. The warrant holder has no voting or dividend rights with respect to the underlying stock. A warrant does not carry any right to assets of the issuer, and for this reason investment in warrants may be more speculative than other equity-based investments.

 

U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Although all obligations of such agencies and instrumentalities are not direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury, the U.S. Government generally directly or indirectly backs payment of the interest and principal on these obligations. This support can range from securities supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (for example, GNMA securities) to securities that are supported solely or primarily by the creditworthiness of the issuer, such as securities of the FNMA, the FHLMC, the Tennessee Valley Authority, Federal Farm Credit Banks and Federal Home Loan Banks. In the case of obligations not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitments. Whether backed by full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury or not, U.S. Government obligations are not guaranteed against price movements due to fluctuating interest rates.

 

WHEN-ISSUED, DELAYED DELIVERY AND FORWARD COMMITMENT TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis. When such

 

18



 

purchases are outstanding, the Fund will segregate or “earmark” until the settlement date assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees, in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price. Typically, no income accrues on securities the Fund has committed to purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although the Fund may earn income on securities it has segregated or “earmarked.”

 

When purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations and takes such fluctuations into account when determining its NAV. Because the Fund is not required to pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with the Fund’s other investments. If the Fund remains substantially fully invested at a time when when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment purchases are outstanding, the purchases may result in a form of leverage.

 

When the Fund has sold a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment basis, the Fund does not participate in future gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the Fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or could suffer a loss. The Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a transaction after it is entered into and may sell when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment securities before they are delivered, which may result in a capital gain or loss. There is no percentage limitation on the extent to which the Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.

 

TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE POSITIONS. The Fund may, without limit, invest in U.S. Government securities, commercial paper and other money market instruments, money market funds, cash or cash equivalents in response to adverse market conditions, as a temporary defensive position. The result of this action may be that the Fund will be unable to achieve its investment objective.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

As required by the federal or state securities laws, including the 1940 Act, the Fund discloses portfolio holdings in applicable regulatory filings, including shareholder reports, reports on Form N-CSR, Form N-Q or such other filings, reports or disclosure documents as the applicable regulatory authorities may require.

 

The Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures regarding the selective disclosure of portfolio securities holdings. The policies and procedures are designed to allow disclosure of the Fund’s holdings information where it is deemed appropriate for the Fund’s operations or it is determined to be useful to the Fund’s shareholders without compromising the integrity or performance of the Fund. Except when there are legitimate business purposes for selective disclosure of the Fund’s holdings, the Fund will not provide or permit others to provide information about the Fund’s holdings on a selective basis. The Board of Trustees provides ongoing oversight of the Trust’s policies and procedures, and compliance with such policies and procedures. As part of this oversight function, the Trustees receive from the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) as necessary, reports on compliance with these policies and procedures. In addition, the Trustees receive an annual assessment of the adequacy and effect of the policies and procedures with respect to the Fund, and any changes thereto, and an annual review of the operation of the policies and procedures. Any deviation to this policy as well as any corrective action undertaken to address such deviations must be reported to the Trust’s Board, at its next quarterly Board of Trustees’ meeting or sooner, as determined by the Trust’s CCO.

 

The Fund may, but is not required to, post its schedule of investments on its website at regular intervals or from time to time at the discretion of the Adviser. This information may be as of the most recent practicable date available and need not be subject to a lag period prior to its posting on the website. In addition to its schedule of investments, the Fund may post portfolio holdings information and other information on a website including, but not limited to, information about the number of securities the Fund holds, a summary schedule of investments, the Fund’s top holdings, and a percentage breakdown of the Fund’s investments by geographic region, sector, industry and market capitalization. After any portfolio holdings information becomes publicly available (by posting on the website or otherwise); it may be mailed, e-mailed or otherwise transmitted to any person.

 

19



 

The following disclosures of aggregate, composite or descriptive information about the Fund or its portfolio holdings are not subject to the Trust’s policy on selective disclosure of portfolio information: (i) descriptions of allocations among classes, geographic regions, countries, industries or sectors; (ii) aggregated data such as average or median ratios or market capitalization; (iii) performance attribution by class, geographic region, country, industry or sector; (iv) aggregated risk statistics; (v) listing of top holdings without any reference to the amount of the Fund’s holdings; and (vi) such other information that, in the opinion of the CCO or designee, does not present material risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading of the Fund. The Fund’s portfolio holdings may also be disclosed, upon authorization by a designated officer of the Adviser, to financial consultants to assist them in determining the suitability of the Fund as an investment for their clients, in each case in accordance with the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the Adviser’s fiduciary duties to Fund shareholders.

 

Disclosures to financial consultants are also subject to a confidentiality agreement and/or trading restrictions.

 

The Board of Trustees of the Trust, a committee thereof, or an officer designated by the Board, may, in limited circumstances, permit other selective disclosure of portfolio holdings subject to a confidentiality agreement and/or trading restrictions.

 

The Fund may distribute or authorize the distribution of information about its holdings that is not publicly available (on a website or otherwise) to the Fund’s, or its Adviser’s, employees and affiliates that provide services to the Fund. The Fund may also distribute or authorize the distribution of information about the Fund’s holdings that is not publicly available (on a website or otherwise) to the Fund’s service providers who require access to the information (i) in order to fulfill their contractual duties relating to the Fund; (ii) to facilitate the transition of a newly hired investment adviser prior to the commencement of its duties; (iii) to facilitate the review of the Fund by a ranking or ratings agency; (iv) for the purpose of due diligence regarding a merger or acquisition; or (v) for the purpose of effecting in-kind redemption of securities to facilitate orderly redemption of the Fund’s assets and minimize impact on remaining shareholders of the Fund.

 

Each of the following third parties has been approved to receive portfolio holdings information: (i) the Fund’s administrator and accounting agent; (ii) the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, for use in providing audit opinions; (iii) financial printers, solely for the purpose of preparing the Fund’s reports or regulatory filings; (iv) the Fund’s custodian in connection with its custody of the Fund’s assets; (v) if applicable, a proxy voting service; or (vi) disclosure to a ranking or rating agency, such as Lipper, Inc., Morningstar, Inc., Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. Information may be provided to these parties at any time so long as each of these parties is contractually and ethically prohibited from sharing the Fund’s portfolio holding information without specific authorization. The Adviser and service providers have also established procedures to ensure that the Fund’s portfolio holdings information is only disclosed in accordance with these policies.

 

Under no circumstances may the Fund, the Adviser or their affiliates receive any consideration or compensation for disclosing portfolio holdings information.

 

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

The Fund has adopted the investment limitations set forth below. Except with respect to the asset coverage requirement under Section 18(f)(1) of the 1940 Act with respect to borrowing, if any percentage restriction on investment or utilization of assets is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the market values of the Fund or the Fund’s assets or redemptions of shares will not be considered a violation of the limitation. The asset coverage requirement under Section 18(f)(1) of the 1940 Act with respect to borrowings is an ongoing requirement. The following non-fundamental policies apply to the Fund and the Board of Trustees may change them without shareholder approval unless shareholder approval is required by the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. The Fund will not:

 

1.              Issue senior securities or borrow money, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and then not in excess of 33-1/3% of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount of the senior securities issued but reduced by any liabilities not constituting senior securities) at the time of the issuance or borrowing, except that the Fund may borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets (not including the amount borrowed) for temporary purposes such as clearance of portfolio

 

20



 

transactions and share redemptions. For purposes of these restrictions, the purchase or sale of securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the purchase and sale of options and futures contracts and collateral arrangements with respect thereto are not deemed to be the issuance of a senior security, a borrowing or a pledge of assets;

 

2.              Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets except to secure indebtedness permitted to be incurred by the Fund. (For the purpose of this restriction, the deposit in escrow of securities in connection with the writing of put and call options, collateralized loans of securities by and collateral arrangements with respect to margin for future contracts by the Fund are not deemed to be pledges or hypothecations);

 

3.              Underwrite any issue of securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be considered to be acting as underwriter in connection with the disposition of any portfolio security;

 

4.              Purchase or sell real estate or interests therein, although the Fund may purchase securities of issuers which engage in real estate operations and securities secured by real estate or interests therein, including real estate investment trusts;

 

5.              Invest 25% or more of the value of the Fund’s assets in securities of issuers in any one industry. This restriction does not apply to obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities or to securities issued by other investment companies. For purposes of this limitation, states, municipalities and their political subdivisions are not considered to be part of any industry;

 

6.              Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of owning securities or other instruments, but the Fund may purchase, sell or enter into financial options and futures, forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts or derivative instruments;

 

7.              Make loans, including of securities, provided that for purposes of this restriction, the acquisition of bonds, debentures, other debt securities or instruments, or participations or other interests therein and investments in government obligations, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or similar instruments will not be considered the making of a loan;

 

8.              Engage in short sales of securities or maintain a short position, except that the Fund may (a) sell short “against the box” and (b) maintain short positions in connection with its use of financial options and futures, forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts or derivative instruments; or

 

9.              Purchase securities on margin except for the use of short-term credit necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities, provided that the Fund may make initial and variation margin deposits in connection with permitted transactions in options and futures, forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts or derivative instruments.

 

When engaging in options, futures and forward currency contract strategies, the Fund will either: (1) earmark or set aside cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with the custodian in the prescribed amount; or (2) hold securities or other options or futures contracts whose values are expected to offset (“cover”) its obligations thereunder. Securities, currencies or other options or futures contracts used for cover cannot be sold or closed out while the strategy is outstanding, unless they are replaced with similar assets.

 

21



 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

The following tables present certain information regarding the Board of Trustees and officers of the Trust. The person listed under “Interested Trustee” below is an “interested person” of the Trust, the Adviser, another investment adviser of a series of the Trust, or Foreside Funds Distributors LLC, the principal underwriter of the Trust (“Underwriter”), within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Each person who is not an “interested person” of the Trust, the Adviser, another investment adviser of a series of the Trust, or the Underwriter within the meaning of the 1940 Act is referred to as an “Independent Trustee” and is listed under such heading below. Certain employees of BNY Mellon are officers of the Trust. They are not compensated by the Fund or the Trust. The address of each Trustee and officer as it relates to the Trust’s business is 301 Bellevue Parkway, 2nd Floor, Wilmington, DE 19809.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Principal

 

Number of
Funds in
Trust

 

Other

 

 

 

 

Term of Office

 

Occupation(s)

 

Complex

 

Directorships

Name and

 

Position(s) Held

 

and Length of

 

During Past

 

Overseen by

 

Held by

Date of Birth

 

with Trust

 

Time Served

 

Five Years

 

Trustee

 

Trustee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Robert J. Christian
Date of Birth: 2/49

 

Trustee and Chairman of the Board

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Trustee and Chairman since 2007.

 

Retired since February 2006; Executive Vice President of Wilmington Trust Company from February 1996 to February 2006; President of Rodney Square Management Corporation (“RSMC”) (investment advisory firm) from 1996 to 2005; Vice President of RSMC from 2005 to 2006.

 

[40]

 

Optimum Fund Trust (registered investment company) (6 portfolios).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Iqbal Mansur
Date of Birth: 6/55

 

Trustee

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Trustee since 2007.

 

University Professor, Widener University.

 

[40]

 

None.

 

22



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Principal

 

Number of
Funds in
Trust

 

Other

 

 

 

 

Term of Office

 

Occupation(s)

 

Complex

 

Directorships

Name and

 

Position(s) Held

 

and Length of

 

During Past

 

Overseen by

 

Held by

Date of Birth

 

with Trust

 

Time Served

 

Five Years

 

Trustee

 

Trustee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nicholas M. Marsini, Jr.
Date of Birth: 8/55

 

Trustee

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Trustee since 2016.

 

Retired since March 2016.  President of PNC Bank Delaware from June 2011 to March 2016; Executive Vice President Finance of BNY Mellon from July 2010 to January 2011; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of PNC Global Investment Servicing from September 1997 to July 2010.

 

[40]

 

None.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stephen M. Wynne
Date of Birth: 1/55

 

Trustee

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Trustee since 2009.

 

Retired since December 2010; Chief Executive Officer of US Funds Services, BNY Mellon Asset Servicing from July 2010 to December 2010; Chief Executive Officer of PNC Global Investment Servicing from March 2008 to July 2010; President, PNC Global Investment Servicing from 2003 to 2008.

 

[40]

 

Copeland Trust (registered investment company) (2 portfolios); Context Capital Funds (registered investment company) (1 portfolio).

 

23



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Principal

 

Number of
Funds in
Trust

 

Other

 

 

 

 

Term of Office

 

Occupation(s)

 

Complex

 

Directorships

Name and

 

Position(s) Held

 

and Length of

 

During Past

 

Overseen by

 

Held by

Date of Birth

 

with Trust

 

Time Served

 

Five Years

 

Trustee

 

Trustee

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nancy B. Wolcott
Date of Birth: 11/54

 

Trustee

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Trustee since 2011.

 

Retired since May 2014; EVP, Head of GFI Client Service Delivery, BNY Mellon from January 2012 to May 2014; EVP, Head of US Funds Services, BNY Mellon from July 2010 to January 2012; President of PNC Global Investment Servicing from 2008 to July 2010; Chief Operating Officer of PNC Global Investment Servicing from 2007 to 2008; Executive Vice President of PFPC Worldwide Inc. from 2006 to 2007.

 

[40]

 

None.

 


(1)         Ms. Wolcott may be deemed an “interested person” of the Trust as that term is defined in the 1940 Act by reason of her former position as Executive Vice President of BNY Mellon Asset Servicing, the administrator and accounting agent and transfer agent to the Trust.

 

24



 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

 

Name and Date
of Birth

 

Position(s) Held
with Trust

 

Term of Office and Length
of Time Served

 

Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past
Five Years

Joel L. Weiss
Date of Birth: 1/63

 

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Officer since 2007.

 

President of JW Fund Management LLC since June 2016; Vice President and Managing Director of BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. and predecessor firms from 1993 to June 2016.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

T. Richard Keyes
Date of Birth: 1/57

 

Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Officer since 2016.

 

President of TRK Fund Consulting LLC since July 2016; Head of Tax — U.S. Fund Services of BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. and predecessor firms from February 2006 to July 2016.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vincenzo A. Scarduzio
Date of Birth: 4/72

 

Secretary

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Officer since 2012.

 

Vice President and Counsel Regulatory Administration of BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. and predecessor firms since 2001.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

David C. Lebisky
Date of Birth: 5/72

 

Chief Compliance Officer

 

Shall serve until death, resignation or removal. Officer since 2015.

 

President of Lebisky Compliance Consulting LLC since October 2015; Senior Consultant, Freeh Group International Solutions, LLC (a global risk management firm) since 2015; Scotia Institutional Investments US, LP, Director of Regulatory Administration from 2010 to 2014.

 

LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE BOARD AND ITS COMMITTEES. The basic responsibilities of the Trustees are to monitor the Trust and its funds’ financial operations and performance, oversee the activities and legal compliance of the Adviser and other major service providers, keep themselves informed, and exercise their business judgment in making decisions important to the Trust’s proper functioning based on what the Trustees reasonably believe to be in the best interests of the shareholders. The Board of Trustees is comprised of five individuals, one of whom may be deemed to be an Interested Trustee (Ms. Wolcott). The remaining Trustees are Independent Trustees. The Board of Trustees meets multiple times during the year (but at least quarterly) to review the investment performance of the funds and other operational matters, including policies and procedures with respect to compliance with regulatory and other requirements.

 

25



 

The Board of Trustees has appointed an Independent Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman. The Chairman’s primary role is to participate in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board of Trustees and the identification of information to be presented to the Board of Trustees with respect to matters to be acted upon by the Board of Trustees. The Chairman also presides at all meetings of the Board of Trustees and acts as a liaison with service providers, officers, attorneys, and other Trustees generally between meetings. The Chairman may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board of Trustees from time to time. Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust or By-Laws, the designation of Chairman does not impose on such Independent Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board of Trustees, generally.

 

Each Trustee was appointed to serve on the Board of Trustees because of his or her experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills as set forth in the subsection “Trustee Qualifications,” below. Based on a review of the Board of Trustees and its function, the Trustees have determined that the leadership structure of the Board of Trustees is appropriate and that the Board of Trustees’ role in the risk oversight of the Trust, as discussed below, allows the Board of Trustees to effectively administer its oversight function.

 

The Board of Trustees has an Audit Committee and a Nominating and Governance Committee. The responsibilities of each committee and its members are described below.

 

AUDIT COMMITTEE. The Audit Committee is comprised of Messrs. Christian, Mansur, Marsini and Wynne, each of whom is an Independent Trustee. Mr. Wynne serves as the chairman of the Audit Committee. The Board of Trustees has adopted a written charter (the “Audit Committee Charter”) for the Audit Committee. Pursuant to the Audit Committee Charter, the Audit Committee has the responsibility, among others, to (1) select the Trust’s independent registered public accountants; (2) review and approve the scope of the independent registered public accountants’ audit activity; (3) oversee the audit process of the financial statements which are the subject of the independent registered public accountants’ certifications; and (4) review with such independent registered public accountants the adequacy of the Trust’s basic accounting system and the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal accounting controls. The Audit Committee meets at least two times per year. The Audit Committee met five times during the Trust’s fiscal year ended April 30, 2016.

 

NOMINATING AND GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE. The Nominating and Governance Committee is comprised of Messrs. Christian, Mansur, Marsini and Wynne. Mr. Mansur serves as the chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board of Trustees has adopted a written charter for the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for formulating a statement of corporate governance; assessing the size, structure and composition of the Board of Trustees; determining trustee qualification guidelines as well as compensation, insurance and indemnification of Trustees; identifying Trustee candidates; oversight of Board of Trustees self-evaluations; reviewing certain regulatory and corporate matters of the Trust; and identifying, from time to time, qualified candidates to serve as the CCO for the Trust. The Nominating and Governance Committee meets at least once a year. The Nominating and Governance Committee met three times during the Trust’s fiscal year ended April 30, 2016. The Nominating and Governance Committee identifies potential nominees in accordance with its Statement of Policy on Qualifications for Board of Trustees Membership. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominee candidates recommended by shareholders. Shareholders who wish to recommend individuals for consideration by the Nominating and Governance Committee as nominee candidates may do so by submitting a written recommendation to the Secretary of the Trust at: 301 Bellevue Parkway, 2nd Floor, Wilmington, DE 19809. Submissions must include sufficient biographical information concerning the recommended individual, including age, at least ten years of employment history with employer names and a description of the employer’s business, and a list of board memberships (if any). The submission must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board of Trustees and to serve if elected. Recommendations must be received in a sufficient time, as determined by the Nominating and Governance Committee in its sole discretion, prior to the date proposed for the consideration of nominee candidates by the Board of Trustees. Upon the written request of shareholders holding at least a 5% interest in the Trust’s shares in the aggregate, the Secretary shall present to any special meeting of shareholders such nominees for election as trustees as specified in such written request.

 

26



 

TRUSTEE QUALIFICATIONS. The following is a brief discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills that led to the Board of Trustees’ conclusion that each individual identified below is qualified to serve as a Trustee of the Trust.

 

The Board of Trustees believes that the Trustees’ ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Adviser, other service providers, counsel and independent auditors, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties, support the conclusion that each Trustee is qualified to serve as a Trustee of the Trust. In addition, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply as to each Trustee: Mr. Marsini is the former President of PNC Bank Delaware, former Executive Vice President Finance of BNY Mellon and former Chief Financial Officer of PNC Global Investment Servicing; Ms. Wolcott is the former Executive Vice President of Global Financial Institutions Client Service Delivery, BNY Mellon Asset Servicing, a provider of transfer agency, accounting and administrative services to mutual funds, former Head of US Funds Services, BNY Asset Servicing, and former President of PNC Global Investment Servicing; Mr. Wynne is the former Chief Executive Officer of US Funds Services, BNY Mellon Asset Servicing and former Chief Executive Officer of PNC Global Investment Servicing; Mr. Christian served as the Executive Vice President of Wilmington Trust and currently serves as the Trustee to other mutual fund complexes; Mr. Mansur is a Professor of Finance, School of Business Administration, at Widener University.

 

In its periodic self-assessment of the effectiveness of the Board of Trustees, the Board of Trustees considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the Board of Trustees’ overall composition so that the Board of Trustees, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the Trust and its funds. The summaries set forth above as to the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of the Trustees do not constitute holding out the Board of Trustees or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and do not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board of Trustees as a whole than would otherwise be the case.

 

RISK OVERSIGHT. Through its direct oversight role, and indirectly through its Committees, of officers and service providers, the Board of Trustees performs a risk oversight function for the Trust and its funds consisting, among other things, of the following activities: (1) at regular and special Board of Trustees meetings, and on an ad hoc basis as needed, receiving and reviewing reports related to the performance and operations of the Trust and its funds; (2) reviewing and approving, as applicable, the compliance policies and procedures of the Trust; (3) meeting with the portfolio management team to review investment strategies, techniques and the processes used to manage related risks; (4) meeting with representatives of key service providers, including the investment advisers, administrator, the distributor, the transfer agent, the custodian and the independent registered public accounting firms of the funds, to review and discuss the activities of the Trust and its funds and to provide direction with respect thereto; and (5) engaging the services of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust to test the compliance procedures of the Trust and its service providers.

 

SECURITY AND OTHER INTERESTS. The following table sets forth the equity securities in the Fund and in all registered investment companies overseen by the Trustees within the Trust Complex that the Trustees beneficially owned as of December 31, 2016.

 

Name of Trustee

 

Dollar Range of Equity Securities
in the Fund

 

Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in
All Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by Trustee
within the Family of Investment
Companies

Interested Trustee

 

 

 

 

Nancy B. Wolcott*

 

None

 

None

Independent Trustees

 

 

 

 

Robert J. Christian

 

None

 

Over $100,000

Iqbal Mansur

 

None

 

Over $100,000

Nicholas M. Marsini, Jr.

 

None

 

None

Stephen M. Wynne

 

None

 

$50,001 - $100,000

 

27



 

As of December 31, 2016, none of the Independent Trustees, or any of their immediate family members (i.e., spouse or dependent children) served as an officer, director or was an employee of the Trust, the Adviser or the Underwriter, or of any of their respective affiliates. Nor do any of such persons serve as an officer or director or is an employee of any company controlled by or under common control with such entities. Additionally, as of the same date, none of the Independent Trustees or any of their immediate family members (i.e., spouse or dependent children) owned beneficially or of record any interest in the Adviser or the Underwriter, or in any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such entities.

 

COMPENSATION. In addition to the fees below, the Trust reimburses the Trustees for their related business expenses. The following table sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to each of the Trustees for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2016.

 

 

 

 

 

Pension or
Retirement
Benefits Accrued as

 

 

 

 

 

Name of Trustee

 

Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust

 

Part
of the Trust’s
Expenses

 

Estimated Annual
Benefits upon
Retirement

 

Total Compensation
from the Trust
Complex

 

Robert J. Christian

 

$

98,833

 

$

0

 

$

0

 

$

98,833

 

Iqbal Mansur

 

$

89,750

 

$

0

 

$

0

 

$

89,750

 

Nicholas M. Marsini, Jr.*

 

$

58,000

 

$

0

 

$

0

 

$

58,000

 

Nancy B. Wolcott

 

$

99,500

 

$

0

 

$

0

 

$

99,500

 

Stephen M. Wynne

 

$

111,750

 

$

0

 

$

0

 

$

111,750

 

 


* Effective April 1, 2016, Nicholas M. Marsini, Jr. was appointed as a Trustee of the Trust.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

In accordance with Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act, each of the Trust and the Adviser has adopted a code of ethics (each, a “Code” and together, the “Codes”).

 

The Codes are intended to prohibit or restrict transactions that may be deemed to create a conflict of interest among the Adviser or the Trust. Each Code identifies the specific employees, officers or other persons who are subject thereto and all are required to abide by the provisions thereunder. Persons covered under the Codes may engage in personal trading for their own accounts, including securities that may also be purchased or held or traded by the Fund under certain circumstances.

 

Under the Code adopted by the Trust, personal trading is subject to specific restrictions, limitations, guidelines and other conditions. Under the Code adopted by the Adviser, personal trading is subject to rules governing pre-clearance and other conditions set forth in its Code.

 

On an annual basis or whenever deemed necessary, the Board of Trustees reviews reports regarding all of the Codes including information about any material violations of the Codes. The Codes are on public file as exhibits to the Trust’s registration statement with the SEC.

 

PROXY VOTING

 

The Board of Trustees has adopted the Adviser’s proxy voting procedures and has delegated the responsibility for exercising the voting rights associated with the securities purchased and/or held by the Fund to the Adviser, subject to the Board of Trustees’ continuing oversight. In exercising its voting obligations, the Adviser is guided by general fiduciary principles. It must act prudently, solely in the interest of the Fund, and for the purpose of providing benefits to the Fund. The Adviser has delegated its proxy voting activities to an external service provider, Hermes EOS (“HEOS”) and has adopted the proxy voting guidelines of HEOS. HEOS votes at company meetings on behalf of the Adviser in line with its voting policy and in a way that is consistent with a hierarchy of external global

 

28



 

principles, overlaid with HEOS developed regional principals which have themselves been based on external local market standards. HEOS seeks to apply a standard of generally accepted good governance practice on behalf of proxy voting clients while also factoring in relevant regional differences in governance practice. Further details can be found in HEOS’s Voting Policy Guidelines which is updated from time to time.

 

HEOS’s proxy voting policies and procedures are attached herewith as Appendix B. The Fund is required to file annually its proxy voting record on Form N-PX with the SEC. Form N-PX is required to be filed by August 31 of each year and when filed will be available by request by calling the Fund at (xxx) xxx-xxxx or on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

29



 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

 

A principal shareholder is any person who owns (either of record or beneficially) 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Any person who directly or indirectly owns 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, may be deemed an “affiliated person” of the Fund, as such term is defined in the 1940 Act. A control person is one who owns, either directly or indirectly, more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund could be deemed under control of the Adviser or affiliates of the Adviser, who had voting authority with respect to approximately 100% of the value of the outstanding interest in the Fund on such date. However, the Trust believes that once the Fund commences investment operations and its shares are sold to the public, the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ control will be diluted over time. Additionally, as of the same date, none of the Trustees and officers of the Trust owned individually and together in excess of 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES

 

Arabesque Asset Management Ltd is a registered investment adviser located at 68 Brook St, London, W1K 5DZ, United Kingdom, and regulated by the UK Financial Conduct Authority (reference number: 610729).  Arabesque was founded in 2013 and, in addition to serving as the investment adviser to the Fund, provides portfolio management services to other pooled investment vehicles, segregated managed accounts and acts as an index advisor. As of December 31, 2016, Arabesque had approximately $43 million in assets under management.

 

Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, the Adviser manages the assets of the Fund (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”). The Investment Advisory Agreement has an initial term of two years and continues in effect from year to year thereafter if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees including a majority of the Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated by the Fund on 60 days’ written notice or the Adviser on 90 days’ written notice without penalty. The Investment Advisory Agreement will also terminate automatically in the event of its assignment as defined in the 1940 Act.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual investment advisory fee, paid monthly, comprising 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Each class of shares of the Fund bears its respective pro-rata portion of the advisory fee payable by the Fund. The Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its investment advisory fee and/or reimburse certain expenses of the Fund to the extent necessary to ensure that the Fund’s total operating expenses (excluding taxes, any class-specific fees and expenses, interest, extraordinary items, “Acquired Fund” fees and expenses and brokerage commissions) do not exceed 1.20% and 0.95% (on an annual basis) with respect to the Fund’s average daily net assets for the Investor Class and Institutional Class shares, respectively (the “Expense Limitation”). The Expense Limitation will remain in place until August 31, 2020 unless the Board of Trustees of FundVantage Trust (the “Trust”) approves its earlier termination.

 

Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser agrees to: (a) direct the investments of the Fund, subject to and in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective, policies and limitations set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI; (b) purchase and sell for the Fund, securities and other investments consistent with the Fund’s objective and policies; (c) supply office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary for servicing the investments of the Fund; (d) pay the salaries of all personnel of the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities on behalf of the Trust; (e) make available and provide such information as the Trust and/or its administrator may reasonably request for use in the preparation of its registration statement, reports and other documents required by any applicable federal, foreign or state statutes or regulations; and (f) make its officers and employees available to the Trustees and officers of the Trust for consultation and discussion regarding the management of the Fund and its investment activities. Additionally, the Adviser agrees to create and maintain all necessary records in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations pertaining to the various functions performed by it and not otherwise created and maintained by another party pursuant to contract with the Fund. The

 

30



 

Trust and/or the Adviser may at any time or times, upon approval by the Board of Trustees, enter into one or more sub-advisory agreements with a sub-adviser pursuant to which the Adviser delegates any or all of its duties as listed.

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the agreement relates, except to the extent of a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its obligations and duties under the agreement.

 

The salaries of personnel of the Adviser performing services for the Fund relating to research, statistical and investment activities are paid by the Adviser.

 

Arabesque Asset Management Ltd is overseen by the Board of Directors of the group. The Board of Directors is comprised of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman, and four directors.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGER

 

The management of the Fund is the responsibility of investment professionals employed by the Adviser. The information provided below supplements the information provided in the Prospectus under the heading “Portfolio Manager” with respect to the investment professional responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund, including information regarding:

 

(i)                                     “Other Accounts Managed.” Other accounts managed by Dr. Hans-Robert Arndt, who is the portfolio manager responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund;

 

(ii)                                  “Material Conflicts of Interest.” Material conflicts of interest identified by the Adviser that may arise in connection with a portfolio manager’s management of the Fund’s investments and investments of other accounts managed. These potential conflicts of interest include material conflicts between the investment strategy of the Fund and the investment strategy of the other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and conflicts associated with the allocation of investment opportunities between the Fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio manager. Additional conflicts of interest may potentially exist or arise that are not discussed below;

 

(iii)                               “Compensation.” A description of the structure of and method used to determine the compensation received by the Fund’s portfolio manager or management team members from the Fund, the Adviser or any other source with respect to managing the Fund and any other accounts as of December 31, 2016; and

 

(iv)                              “Ownership of Securities.” Information regarding the portfolio manager’s dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned in the Fund.

 

31



 

Other Accounts Managed. The table below includes details regarding the number of other registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed by Dr. Arndt, total assets under management for each type of account and total assets in each type of account with performance-based advisory fees as of December 31, 2016:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of
Accounts

 

Managed subject
to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Managed subject to

 

a Performance

 

 

 

Total Number
of Accounts

 

Total Assets

 

a
Performance Based

 

Based Advisory
Fee

 

Type of Accounts

 

Managed

 

(millions)

 

Advisory Fee

 

(millions)

 

Other Registered Investment Companies:

 

0

 

$

0

 

0

 

$

0

 

Other Pooled Investment Vehicles:

 

2

 

$

32.6

 

0

 

$

0

 

Other Accounts:

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

 

Material Conflicts of Interest. Arabesque provides advisory services to other clients which invest in securities of the same type in which the Fund invests. The Adviser is aware of its obligation to ensure that when orders for the same securities are entered on behalf of the Fund and other accounts, the Fund receives fair and equitable allocation of these orders, particularly where affiliated accounts may participate. The Adviser attempts to mitigate potential conflicts of interest by adopting policies and procedures regarding trade execution, brokerage allocation and order aggregation which provide a methodology for ensuring fair treatment for all clients in situations where orders cannot be completely filled or filled at different prices.

 

Where Arabesque has an arrangement with a third party (a “Third Party Partner”) by which Arabesque offers replications, or partial replications, of its strategies to those Third Party Partners in order for those Third Party Partners to trade those strategies on behalf of their clients, Arabesque may be required to comply with certain compliance policies and procedures of such Third Party Partners with regard to conflicts of interest, compensation and remuneration of the Third Party Partners’ staff, and marketing materials, among others. Where such a situation occurs, the relevant provisions of the Third Party Partner’s policies and procedures will take precedence over Arabesque’s policies and procedures in these areas. Arabesque’s CCO will be responsible for distributing such policies to staff and ensuring that all staff adhere to those policies when conducting business with the Third Party Partner.

 

Where Arabesque has an arrangement with a third party (a “Third Party Partner”) by which Arabesque offers replications, or partial replications, of its strategies to those Third Party Partners in order for those Third Party Partners to trade those strategies on behalf of their clients (“Third Party Partner Trades”), Arabesque will seek to ensure that all investors are at all times treated fairly, equitably and transparently. This may require Arabesque to take the Third Party Partner Trades into account when Arabesque executes trades for its own clients (“Arabesque Trades”). Arabesque will therefore monitor the volume of both the Arabesque Trades and the Third Party Partner Trades and will implement procedures in which the Arabesque Trades and the Third Party Partner Trades may be sequenced for execution or limited in volume participation in order to ensure that no investors into Arabesque strategies are disadvantaged in the execution of trades. For the avoidance of doubt, no individual group of investors, regardless of regulatory jurisdiction, whether investing via SICAVs, other open-ended investment vehicles, wrap fee programmes, segregated mandates, or any other format, will be advantaged or disadvantaged. All steps taken to ensure fair and best execution for all parties involved must be in line with the rules and regulations of all regulators involved.

 

Compensation. The Adviser compensates the Fund’s portfolio managers for management of the Fund. The portfolio managers are compensated with a base salary plus a variable component linked to the Adviser’s profitability. Discretionary bonuses must be invested in the Adviser’s funds and are paid out in equal portions over the following three years. The Adviser’s compensation strategy is to provide for long-term alignment of interests among portfolio managers and the Adviser. As such, there is no compensation element for portfolio managers that is tied to portfolio performance, except insofar as portfolio performance contributes to the profitability of the Adviser as a whole.

 

32



 

Ownership of Shares of the Fund. The Fund had not commenced operations as of the Trust’s fiscal year end April 30, 2016.

 

ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING SERVICES

 

Pursuant to an Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated July 19, 2007, BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNY Mellon Investment Servicing”) performs certain administrative services for the Trust including, among other things, assisting in the preparation of the annual post-effective amendments to the Trust’s registration statement, assisting in obtaining the fidelity bond and trustees’ and officers’/errors and omissions insurance policies, preparing notices, agendas, and resolutions for quarterly Board of Trustees meetings, maintaining the Trust’s corporate calendar, maintaining Trust contract files and providing executive and administrative services to support the Independent Trustees. BNY Mellon Investment Servicing also performs certain administrative and accounting services for the Trust such as preparing shareholder reports, providing statistical and research data, assisting the Adviser in compliance monitoring activities, and preparing and filing federal and state tax returns on behalf of the Trust. In addition, BNY Mellon Investment Servicing prepares and files certain reports with the appropriate regulatory agencies and prepares certain materials required by the SEC or any state securities commission having jurisdiction over the Trust. The accounting services performed by BNY Mellon Investment Servicing include determining the NAV per share of the Fund and maintaining records relating to the securities transactions of the Fund. BNY Mellon Investment Servicing is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.

 

33



 

ADDITIONAL SERVICE PROVIDERS

 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM. [                                  ], serves as the independent registered public accounting firm to the Fund.

 

LEGAL COUNSEL. Pepper Hamilton LLP, 3000 Two Logan Square, 18th and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19103, serves as counsel to the Trust.

 

CUSTODIAN. The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Custodian”), 225 Liberty Street, New York, NY 10286, serves as the Fund’s custodian. The Custodian’s services include, in addition to the custody of all cash and securities owned by the Trust, the maintenance of custody accounts in the Custodian’s trust department, the segregation of all certificated securities owned by the Trust, the appointment of authorized agents as sub-custodians, disbursement of funds from the custody accounts of the Trust, releasing and delivering securities from the custody accounts of the Trust, maintaining records with respect to such custody accounts, delivering to the Trust a daily and monthly statement with respect to such custody accounts and causing proxies to be executed.

 

TRANSFER AGENT. BNY Mellon Investment Servicing, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581, serves as the Trust’s Transfer Agent and Dividend Paying Agent.

 

BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES

 

Subject to policies established by the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is primarily responsible for the execution of the Fund’s portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage. The Adviser has no obligation to deal with any dealer or group of dealers in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities of the Fund. The Adviser often deals directly with the dealers who make a market in the securities involved except in those circumstances where better prices and execution are available elsewhere. It is the objective of the Adviser to seek to obtain the best results in conducting portfolio transactions for the Fund, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable dealer-spread or commission), the size, type and difficulty of the transaction involved, the firm’s general execution and operations facilities and the firm’s risk in positioning the securities involved. The cost of portfolio securities transactions of the Fund primarily consists of dealer or underwriter spreads and brokerage commissions.

 

While reasonable competitive spreads or commissions are sought, the Fund will not necessarily be paying the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to obtaining the best net results, dealers who provide supplemental investment research (such as quantitative and modeling information assessments and statistical data and provide other similar services) to the Adviser may receive orders for transactions by the Fund. Information so received will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Adviser under the Investment Advisory Agreement and the expense of the Adviser will not necessarily be reduced as a result of the receipt of such supplemental information. Supplemental investment research obtained from such dealers may be used by the Adviser in servicing all of its accounts and such research may or may not be useful to the Adviser in connection with the Fund. In addition, as permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Adviser may pay a broker-dealer that provides brokerage and research services an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission that another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the amount is believed by the Adviser to be reasonable in relation to the value of the overall quality of the brokerage and research services provided. Other clients of the Adviser may indirectly benefit from the provision of these services to the Adviser, and the Fund may indirectly benefit from services provided to the Adviser as a result of transactions for other clients. In all cases, The Adviser understands its on-going obligation to seek “best execution” of its clients’ transactions. The Adviser considers the range of services provided by brokers in selecting those with whom to place trades including, but not limited to, price and costs, market and product coverage, access to or provision of liquidity, speed and reliability of execution and/or reliable operations and settlement. Only approved brokers (on the ‘Approved Broker List’) may be used. The Adviser’s Investment Committee consists of the CEO, CIO, senior members of trading, portfolio management and investment research teams meets on a semi-annual basis to determine the performance of each approved broker. The Adviser’s Compliance reviews a sample of trades on a quarterly basis to ensure they were conducted in accordance with the Best Execution Policy. The Adviser’s Best Execution Policy is reviewed on at least an annual basis to ensure it still

 

34



 

facilitates obtaining the best possible result for its clients. The Fund invests in securities traded in the over-the-counter markets, and the Fund can deal directly with dealers who make markets in the securities involved, except in those circumstances where better execution is available elsewhere.

 

Under the 1940 Act, except as permitted by exemptive order or rule, persons affiliated with the Fund are prohibited from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase and sale of securities. However, affiliated persons of the Fund may serve as its brokers in certain over-the-counter transactions conducted on an agency basis.

 

Securities held by the Fund may also be held by, or be appropriate investments for, other funds or investment advisory clients for which the Adviser or its affiliates act as an adviser. Because of different investment objectives or other factors, a particular security may be bought for an advisory client when other clients are selling the same security. If purchases or sales of securities by the Adviser for the Fund or other funds for which it acts as investment adviser or for other advisory clients arise for consideration at or about the same time, transactions in such securities may be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective funds and clients in a manner deemed by the Adviser to be on a fair & equitable basis. Transactions effected by the Adviser (or its affiliates) on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price.

 

The Fund may at times invest in securities of its regular broker-dealers or a parent of its regular broker-dealers. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser has an agreement or understanding with a broker-dealer, or other arrangements to direct the Fund’s brokerage transactions to a broker-dealer because of the research services such broker provides to the Fund or the Adviser. While the Adviser does not have arrangements with any broker-dealers to direct such brokerage transactions to them because of research services provided, the Adviser may receive research services from such broker-dealers.

 

ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

The additional compensation to financial intermediaries described in the Prospectus may be calculated based on factors determined by the Adviser and its affiliates from time to time, including: the value of the Fund’s shares sold to, or held by, a financial intermediary’s customers; gross sales of the Fund’s shares by a financial intermediary; or a negotiated lump sum payment.

 

In addition to the additional cash payments to financial intermediaries described in the Prospectus, subject to applicable FINRA rules and regulations, the Adviser and its affiliates may provide compensation to financial intermediaries that may enable the Adviser and its affiliates to sponsor or participate in educational or training programs, sales contests and other promotions involving the sales representatives and other employees of financial intermediaries in order to promote the sale of the Fund’s shares. The Adviser and its affiliates may also pay for the travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of financial intermediaries and their sales representatives and other employees in connection with such educational or training programs, sales contests and other promotions. These payments may vary with each such event.

 

DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES AND RULE 12B-1 PLAN

 

Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (the “Underwriter”), located at 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312, serves as a principal underwriter of the Fund’s shares pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement with the Trust. Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Underwriter acts as an agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Underwriter continuously distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Underwriter has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of shares of the Fund. The Underwriter and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Funds. The Underwriter is not affiliated with the Adviser, or any other service provider for the Trust.

 

35



 

To the extent that the Underwriter receives fees under the Fund’s Plan of Distribution adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “12b-1 Plan”), the Underwriter will enter into arrangements with broker-dealers, financial intermediaries, or other financial institutions for the furnishing of marketing or sales services with respect to the Investor Class shares as may be required pursuant to such plan.

 

Moreover, to the extent that the Underwriter receives shareholder service fees under any shareholder services plan adopted by the Fund, the Underwriter will enter into arrangements with broker-dealers, financial intermediaries, or other financial institutions for the furnishing of personal or account maintenance services with respect to the relevant shareholders of the Fund as may be required pursuant to such plan. The Underwriter receives no underwriting commissions or Rule 12b-1 fees in connection with the sale of the Fund’s Institutional Class shares. The Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of Independent Trustees, have determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the 12b-1 Plan will benefit the Trust, the Fund and the shareholders of the Fund’s Investor Class shares.

 

The Underwriter may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial institutions for distribution of shares of the Fund. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Fund and/or the Adviser, rather than the Underwriter, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Underwriter. These financial institutions may perform other non-distribution related services for which they receive fees from the Adviser and/or the Fund in addition to sales commissions or Rule 12b-1 fees. These financial institutions may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.

 

The Underwriting Agreement continues in effect for successive annual periods provided such continuance is approved at least annually by a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Underwriter, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the agreement, will not be liable to the Fund or its shareholders for losses arising in connection with the sale of Fund shares.

 

The Underwriting Agreement terminates automatically in the event of an assignment. The Underwriting Agreement is also terminable without payment of any penalty with respect to the Fund (i) by vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Fund who are not interested persons of the Trust or the Fund and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Plan of the Fund or any agreements related to the 12b-1 Plan or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on sixty (60) days written notice to the Underwriter; or (ii) by the Underwriter on sixty (60) days written notice to the Fund. The Underwriter will be compensated for distribution services according to the 12b-1 Plan regardless of the Underwriter’s expenses. The Underwriter uses the entire 12b-1 for distribution expenses and does not retain any amounts for profit. The Underwriter does not receive compensation from the Funds for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a 12b-1 Plan is effective. The Advisor pays the Underwriter a fee for certain distribution-related services.

 

The 12b-1 Plan provides that the Underwriter will be paid for distribution activities such as public relations services, telephone services, sales presentations, media charges, preparation, printing and mailing advertising and sales literature, data processing necessary to support a distribution effort and printing and mailing of prospectuses to prospective shareholders. Additionally, the Underwriter may pay certain financial institutions such as banks or broker-dealers who have entered into servicing agreements with the Underwriter and other financial institutions for distribution and shareholder servicing activities.

 

The 12b-1 Plan further provides that payment shall be made for any month only to the extent that such payment does not exceed 0.25% on an annualized basis of the Fund’s Investor Class Shares average net assets, except with respect to limitations set from time to time by the Board of Trustees.

 

Under the 12b-1 Plan, if any payments made by the Adviser out of its advisory fee, not to exceed the amount of that fee, to any third parties (including banks), including payments for shareholder servicing and transfer agent functions, were deemed to be indirect financing by a Fund of the distribution of its Investor Class shares, such payments are authorized. A Fund may execute portfolio transactions with and purchase securities issued by depository institutions

 

36



 

that receive payments under the 12b-1 Plan. No preference for instruments issued by such depository institutions is shown in the selection of investments.

 

37



 

CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES

 

The Trust issues and offers separate classes of shares of the Fund: Investor Class and Institutional Class shares. The shares of the Fund, when issued and paid for in accordance with the Prospectus, will be fully paid and non-assessable shares, with equal voting rights and no preferences as to conversion, exchange, dividends, redemption or any other feature.

 

The separate classes of shares of the Fund represent interests in the same portfolio of investments, have the same rights and are identical in all respects, except that Investor Class shares bear Rule 12b-1 distribution expenses and have exclusive voting rights with respect to the 12b-1 Plan pursuant to which the distribution fee may be paid.

 

The net income attributable to a class of shares and the dividends payable on such shares will be reduced by the amount of any applicable shareholder service or Rule 12b-1 distribution fees. Accordingly, the NAV of the Investor Class shares will be reduced by such amount to the extent the Fund has undistributed net income.

 

Shares of the Fund entitle holders to one vote per share and fractional votes for fractional shares held. Shares have non-cumulative voting rights, do not have preemptive or subscription rights and are transferable. Each class takes separate votes on matters affecting only that class.

 

The Fund does not hold an annual meeting of shareholders. The Trustees are required to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of any Trustee when requested in writing to do so by the shareholders of record owning not less than 10% of the Fund’s outstanding shares.

 

PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES

 

PURCHASE OF SHARES. Information regarding the purchase of shares is discussed in the “Purchase of Shares” section of the Prospectus.

 

REDEMPTION OF SHARES. Information regarding the redemption of shares is discussed in the “Redemption of Shares” section of the Prospectus.

 

PRICING OF SHARES. For the Fund, the NAV per share of the Fund is determined by dividing the value of the Fund’s net assets by the total number of the Fund’s shares outstanding. This determination is made by BNY Mellon Investment Servicing, as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) (typically 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) each day the Fund is open for business. The Fund is open for business on days when the Exchange is open for business.

 

In valuing the Fund’s assets, a security listed on an exchange (and not subject to restrictions against sale by the Fund on an exchange) will be valued at its last sale price on the exchange on the day the security is valued. Lacking any sales on such day, the security will be valued at the mean between the closing asked price and the closing bid price. Securities listed on multiple exchanges (and not subject to restriction against sale by the Fund on such exchanges) will be similarly valued, using quotations on the exchange on which the security is traded most extensively. Unlisted securities that are quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers’ National Market System, for which there have been sales of such securities on such day, shall be valued at the official closing price on such system on the day the security is valued. If there are no such sales on such day, the value shall be the mean between the closing asked price and the closing bid price. The value of such securities quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market System, but not listed on the National Market System, shall be valued at the mean between the closing asked price and the closing bid price.

 

Unlisted securities that are not quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market System and for which over-the-counter market quotations are readily available will be valued at the mean between the current bid and asked prices for such security in the over-the-counter market. Other unlisted securities (and listed securities subject to restriction on sale), and foreign securities, will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith under the direction of the Board of Trustees although the actual calculation may be done by others. Short-term investments with remaining maturities of less than 61 days are valued at amortized cost.

 

38



 

DIVIDENDS

 

The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income, if any. Dividends from the Fund’s net investment income are declared and paid annually to the shareholders. Distributions, if any, of net short-term capital gain and net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over the short-term capital loss) realized by the Fund, after deducting any available capital loss carryovers are declared and paid to its shareholders annually.

 

The Fund’s dividends and distributions are taxable to shareholders (other than retirement plans and other tax-exempt investors) whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. A dividend or distribution paid by the Fund has the effect of reducing the NAV per share on the ex-dividend date by the amount of the dividend distribution. A dividend or distribution declared shortly after a purchase of shares by an investor would, therefore, represent, in substance, a return of capital to the shareholder with respect to such shares even though it would be subject to federal income tax. This is called “buying a dividend.” To avoid “buying a dividend,” check the Fund’s distribution dates before you invest.

 

A statement will be sent to you after the end of each year detailing the tax status of your distributions. Please see “Taxation of the Fund” below for more information on the federal income tax consequences of dividends and other distributions made by the Fund.

 

TAXATION OF THE FUND

 

The following discussion summarizes certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. This discussion is for general information only and does not purport to consider all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that might be relevant to beneficial owners of shares of the Fund. The summary discussion that follows may not be considered to be individual tax advice and may not be relied upon by any shareholder. The summary is based upon provisions of the IRC, applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations (whether temporary, proposed or final) promulgated thereunder (the “Regulations”), and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, as are in effect as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, which change could be retroactive and may affect the conclusions expressed herein. The summary applies only to beneficial owners of shares of the Fund in whose hands such shares are capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the IRC, and may not apply to certain types of beneficial owners of shares of the Fund, including, but not limited to insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, shareholders holding the Fund’s shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as an individual retirement account (an “IRA”), a 401(k) plan account, or other qualified retirement account), financial institutions, pass-through entities, broker-dealers, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, persons who are neither a citizen nor resident of the United States, shareholders holding the Fund’s shares as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction and shareholders who are subject to the alternative minimum tax. Persons who may be subject to tax in more than one country should consult the provisions of any applicable tax treaty to determine the potential tax consequences to them.

 

If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds a Fund’s common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of such partnership.  A partner of a partnership holding a Fund’s common stock should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the partner of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of a Fund’s common stock by the partnership.

 

The summary assumes that shareholders will hold a Fund’s common stock as capital assets, which generally means as property held for investment.  This discussion addresses only the U.S. income tax consequences of an investment by U.S. shareholders, and, therefore, does not address U.S. estate and gift tax rules, U.S. state or local taxation, the alternative minimum tax, excise taxes, transfer taxes or foreign taxes.

 

For purposes of the following discussion, “U.S. shareholder” is a shareholder that is (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation) created or organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (ii) an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S. persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the

 

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trust or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.  A ‘Non-U.S. shareholder” is a person that is neither a U.S. shareholder nor an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

The Fund has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to the federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. In addition, the following discussion applicable to shareholders of the Fund addresses only some of the federal income tax considerations generally affecting investments in such Fund. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisor with respect to the tax consequences of the ownership, purchase and disposition of an investment in the Fund including, but not limited to, the applicability of state, local, foreign and other tax laws affecting the particular shareholder and to possible effects of changes in federal or other tax laws.

 

GENERAL. The Fund has elected, and intends to continue to qualify each year for, taxation as a RIC under subchapter M of the IRC. By qualifying as a RIC, the Fund (but not the shareholders) will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of its investment company taxable income and net realized capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders.

 

Shareholders should be aware that investments made by the Fund, some of which are described below, may involve complex tax rules some of which may result in income or gain recognition by a shareholder without the concurrent receipt of cash. Although the Fund seeks to avoid significant noncash income, such noncash income could be recognized by the Fund, in which case it may distribute cash derived from other sources in order to meet the minimum distribution requirements described below. Cash to make the required minimum distributions may be obtained from sales proceeds of securities held by the Fund (even if such sales are not advantageous) or, if permitted by its governing documents and other regulatory restrictions, through borrowing the amounts required to be distributed.

 

QUALIFICATION AS A REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY. Qualification as a RIC under the IRC requires, among other things, that the Fund: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and (ii) net income from certain qualified publicly traded partnerships (together with (i), the “Qualifying Income Requirement”), and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year: (i) at least 50% of the value of its assets is comprised of cash, cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with those other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of such Fund’s total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or the securities (other than the securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers controlled by it and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (together with (i) the “Diversification Requirement”).

 

The Treasury Department is authorized to promulgate regulations under which gains from foreign currencies (and options, futures, and forward contracts on foreign currency) would constitute qualifying income for purposes of the Qualifying Income Requirement only if such gains are directly related to the principal business of the Fund in investing in stock or securities or options and futures with respect to stock or securities. To date, no such regulations have been issued.

 

As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders in any taxable year for which it distributes, in compliance with the IRC’s timing and other requirements the sum of (i) at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, taxable interest, taxable original issue discount income, market discount income, income from securities lending, net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, certain net realized foreign currency exchange gains, and any other taxable income other than “net capital gain” as defined below and is reduced by deductible expenses all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid); and (ii) 90% of its tax-

 

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exempt interest, if any, net of certain expenses allocable thereto (“net tax-exempt interest”). The Fund may retain for investment all or a portion of its net capital gain (i.e., the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss). If the Fund retains any investment company taxable income or net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it may designate the retained amount as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, who will be (i) required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount; and (ii) entitled to credit their proportionate shares of tax paid by the Fund against their federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of the shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in the shareholder’s gross income and decreased by the federal income tax paid by the Fund on that amount of capital gain.

 

The qualifying income and asset requirements that must be met under the IRC in order for the Fund to qualify as a RIC, as described above, may limit the extent to which it will be able to engage in derivative transactions. Rules governing the federal income tax aspects of derivatives, including swap agreements, are not entirely clear in certain respects, particularly in light of two IRS revenue rulings issued in 2006. Revenue Ruling 2006-1 held that income from a derivative contract with respect to a commodity index is not qualifying income for a RIC. Subsequently, the IRS issued Revenue Ruling 2006-31 in which it stated that the holding in Revenue Ruling 2006-1 “was not intended to preclude a conclusion that the income from certain instruments (such as certain structured notes) that create a commodity exposure for the holder is qualifying income.” Accordingly, the Fund’s ability to invest in derivative transactions may be limited by the Qualifying Income Requirement.

 

For purposes of the Qualifying Income Requirement described above, all of the net income of a RIC derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (generally, defined as a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in clause (i) of the Qualifying Income Requirement described above) will be treated as qualifying income. Income derived from a partnership (other than a qualified publicly traded partnership) will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the IRC do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

For purposes of the Diversification Requirement described above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

If the Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income Requirement or the Diversification Requirement in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures to satisfy the Diversification Requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. If the applicable relief provisions are not available or cannot be met, the Fund will fail to qualify as a RIC and will be subject to tax in the same manner as an ordinary corporation subject to tax on a graduated basis with a maximum tax rate of 35% and all distributions from earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) to its shareholders will be taxable as ordinary dividend income eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders, and either (i) the 20% long-term capital gains tax rate for non-corporate shareholders with taxable income in excess of $400,000 ($450,000 if married and filing jointly) or (ii) the 15% long-term capital gains tax rate (0% for non-corporate shareholders in lower income tax brackets) for non-corporate shareholders with taxable income of less than the threshold amounts. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for a period of greater than two taxable years, the Fund generally would be required to recognize any built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets upon a sale of such assets within ten years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year.

 

EXCISE TAX. If the Fund fails to distribute by December 31 of each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of (1) at least 98% of its taxable ordinary income (excluding capital gains and losses) for such year, (2) at least 98.2% of the excess of its capital gains over its capital losses (as adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the twelve month period ending on October 31 of such year), and (3) all taxable ordinary income and the excess of capital gains over capital losses for the prior year that were not distributed during such year and on which it did not pay federal income

 

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tax, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax (the “Excise Tax”) on the undistributed amounts. A distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of the calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November, or December of that year to shareholders of record on a date in such month and paid by it during January of the following year. Such distributions will be taxable to shareholders (other than those not subject to federal income tax) in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received. The Fund intends to actually distribute or be deemed to have distributed substantially all of its net income and gain, if any, by the end of each calendar year in compliance with these requirements so that it will generally not be required to pay the Excise Tax. The Fund may, in certain circumstances, be required to liquidate its investments in order to make sufficient distributions to avoid Excise Tax liability at a time when an investment adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so. Liquidation of investments in such circumstances may affect the ability of the Fund to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a RIC. However, no assurances can be given that the Fund will not be subject to the Excise Tax and, in fact, in certain instances, if warranted, the Fund may choose to pay the Excise Tax as opposed to making an additional distribution.

 

CAPITAL LOSS CARRYFORWARDS. For losses arising from tax years beginning before December 22, 2010, the Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss from any year to offset its capital gains, if any, realized during the eight years following the year of the loss and such capital loss carryforward is treated as a short-term capital loss in the year to which it is carried. For capital losses realized with respect to tax years of the Fund beginning after December 22, 2010, the Fund may carry capital losses forward indefinitely. For capital losses realized in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gain is treated as short-term capital losses arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year and the excess of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gain is treated as long-term capital losses arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year. If future capital gains are offset by carried forward capital losses, such future capital gains are not subject to Fund-level federal income taxation, regardless of whether they are distributed to shareholders. Accordingly, the Fund does not expect to distribute any such offsetting capital gains. The Fund cannot carry back or carry forward any net operating losses.

 

OPTIONS, FUTURES AND FORWARD CONTRACTS. The writing (selling) and purchasing of options and futures contracts and entering into forward currency contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of the gains and losses the Fund realizes in connection with such transactions.

 

Gains and losses on the sale, lapse, or other termination of options and futures contracts, options thereon and certain forward contracts (except certain foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts) will generally be treated as capital gains and losses. Some regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency contracts, and certain non-equity options (such as certain listed options or options on broad based securities indexes) held by the Fund (“Section 1256 contracts”), other than contracts on which it has made a “mixed-straddle election,” will be required to be “marked-to-market” for federal income tax purposes, that is, treated as having been sold at their market value on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year. These provisions may require the Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Any gain or loss recognized on actual or deemed sales of Section 1256 contracts will be treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary income or loss as described below. Transactions that qualify as designated hedges are exempt from the mark-to-market rule, but may require the Fund to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts, foreign currency contracts and certain options to the extent of any unrecognized gains on related positions held by it.

 

The tax provisions described above applicable to options, futures and forward contracts may affect the amount, timing, and character of the Fund’s distributions to its shareholders. For example, the Section 1256 rules described above may operate to increase the amount the Fund must distribute to satisfy the minimum distribution requirement for the portion treated as short-term capital gain which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income, and to increase the net capital gain it recognizes, without, in either case, increasing the cash available to it. The Fund may elect to exclude certain transactions from the operation of Section 1256, although doing so may have the effect of increasing the relative proportion of net short-term capital gain (taxable as ordinary income) and, thus, increasing the amount of dividends it must distribute. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax.

 

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When a covered call or put option written (sold) by the Fund expires such Fund will realize a short-term capital gain equal to the amount of the premium it received for writing the option. When the Fund terminates its obligations under such an option by entering into a closing transaction, it will realize a short-term capital gain (or loss), depending on whether the cost of the closing transaction is less than (or exceeds) the premium received when it wrote the option. When a covered call option written by the Fund is exercised, such Fund will be treated as having sold the underlying security, producing long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending upon the holding period of the underlying security and whether the sum of the option price received upon the exercise plus the premium received when it wrote the option is more or less than the basis of the underlying security.

 

SWAPS AND DERIVATIVES. As a result of entering into swap or derivative agreements, the Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. The Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap or derivative is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap, derivative or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap or derivative will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to a swap or derivative for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps or derivatives, the Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or derivatives or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps or derivatives to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss. The Fund’s transactions in swaps or other derivatives may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sales, wash sales and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains or losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders.

 

Rules governing the tax aspects of swap or derivative agreements are not entirely clear in certain respects, in particular whether income generated is Qualifying Income. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems appropriate, the IRS might not accept such treatment. If the IRS did not accept such treatment, the status of the Fund as a RIC might be adversely affected. The Fund intends to monitor developments in this area. Certain requirements that must be met under the IRC in order for the Fund to qualify as a RIC may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in swap agreements and certain derivatives.

 

CONSTRUCTIVE SALES. Certain rules may affect the timing and character of gain if the Fund engages in transactions that reduce or eliminate its risk of loss with respect to appreciated financial positions. If the Fund enters into certain transactions (including a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract, a futures or forward contract, or other transactions identified in Treasury regulations) in property while holding an appreciated financial position in substantially identical property, it will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the appreciated financial position and will be taxed on any gain (but not loss) from the constructive sale. The character of gain from a constructive sale will depend upon the Fund’s holding period in the appreciated financial position. Loss from a constructive sale would be recognized when the position was subsequently disposed of, and its character would depend on the Fund’s holding period and the application of various loss deferral provisions of the IRC.

 

In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or other such contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property by the Fund will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to the Fund’s transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60- day period is the Fund’s risk of loss regarding the position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).

 

WASH SALES. The Fund may be impacted in certain circumstances by special rules relating to “wash sales.” In general, the wash sale rules prevent the recognition of a loss by the Fund from the disposition of stock or securities at a loss in a case in which identical or substantially identical stock or securities (or an option to acquire such property) is or has been acquired by it within 30 days before or 30 days after the sale.

 

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PASSIVE FOREIGN INVESTMENT COMPANIES. The Fund may invest in a non-U.S. corporation, which could be treated as a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) or become a PFIC under the IRC. A PFIC is generally defined as a foreign corporation that meets either of the following tests: (1) at least 75% of its gross income for its taxable year is income from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, certain rents and royalties, or capital gains); or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, such passive income. If the Fund acquires any equity interest in a PFIC, the Fund could be subject to federal income tax and interest charges on “excess distributions” received with respect to such PFIC stock or on any gain from the sale of such PFIC stock (collectively “PFIC income”), plus interest thereon even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a taxable dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. The Fund’s distributions of PFIC income, if any, will be taxable as ordinary income even though, absent the application of the PFIC rules, some portion of the distributions may have been classified as capital gain.

 

The Fund will not be permitted to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for taxes and interest charges incurred with respect to a PFIC. Payment of this tax would therefore reduce the Fund’s economic return from its investment in PFIC shares. To the extent the Fund invests in a PFIC, it may elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”), then instead of the tax and interest obligation described above on excess distributions, the Fund would be required to include in income each taxable year its pro rata share of the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain. As a result of a QEF election, the Fund would likely have to distribute to its shareholders an amount equal to the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain to satisfy the IRC’s minimum distribution requirement described herein and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax even if the QEF did not distribute those earnings and gain to the Fund. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements in making the election.

 

The Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” its stock in any PFIC. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in ordinary income each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the PFIC stock over the Fund’s adjusted basis therein as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, the Fund also may deduct (as an ordinary, not capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in the PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock it included in income for prior taxable years under the election. The Fund’s adjusted basis in its PFIC stock subject to the election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder. In either case, the Fund may be required to recognize taxable income or gain without the concurrent receipt of cash.

 

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. Foreign currency gains and losses realized by the Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt instruments, certain options, futures contracts, forward contracts, and similar instruments relating to foreign currency, foreign currencies, and foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables are subject to Section 988 of the IRC, which causes such gains and losses to be treated as ordinary income or loss and may affect the amount and timing of recognition of the Fund’s income. In some cases elections may be available that would alter this treatment, but such elections could be detrimental to the Fund by creating current recognition of income without the concurrent recognition of cash. If a foreign currency loss treated as an ordinary loss under Section 988 were to exceed the Fund’s investment company taxable income (computed without regard to such loss) for a taxable year the resulting loss would not be deductible by it or its shareholders in future years. The foreign currency income or loss will also increase or decrease the Fund’s investment company income distributable to its shareholders.

 

FOREIGN TAXATION. Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets at the close of any taxable year consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations and it meets the distribution requirements described above, the Fund may file an election (the “pass-through election”) with the IRS pursuant to which shareholders of the Fund would be required to (i) include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) their pro rata shares of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund even though not actually received by such shareholders; and (ii) treat such respective pro rata portions as foreign income taxes paid by them. The Fund will furnish its shareholders with a written statement providing the amount of foreign taxes paid by the Fund that will “pass-through” for the year, if any.

 

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Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder’s U.S. tax attributable to his or her total foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Fund’s income will flow through to shareholders. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income, and to certain other types of income. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Various limitations, including a minimum holding period requirement, apply to limit the credit and deduction for foreign taxes for purposes of regular federal tax and alternative minimum tax.

 

REITs. The Fund may invest in REITs. Investments in REIT equity securities may require the Fund to accrue and distribute taxable income without the concurrent receipt of cash. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. The Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities may at other times result in its receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to its shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.

 

The Fund may invest in REITs that hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”), or such REITs may themselves constitute TMPs. Under an IRS notice, and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Fund’s income from a REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a REMIC or a TMP (referred to in the IRC as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as the Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of such RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or invested in the TMP directly. As a result, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for certain tax-exempt shareholders, including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan and other tax-exempt entities. See “Tax-Exempt Shareholders.”

 

DISTRIBUTIONS. Distributions paid out of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined at the end of the year), whether reinvested in additional shares or paid in cash, are generally taxable and must be reported by each shareholder who is required to file a federal income tax return except in the case of certain tax-exempt shareholders. Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, as computed for federal income tax purposes, will first be treated as a return of capital up to the amount of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares and then as capital gain, assuming the shareholder holds his or her shares as a capital asset. A return of capital is not taxable, but reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in the shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by a shareholder of the Fund’s shares. Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or receive them in additional shares.

 

For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable as ordinary income, and distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the Fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions designated by the Fund as “capital gain dividends” (distributions from the excess of net long-term capital gain over short-term capital losses) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain regardless of the length of time they have held their shares of the Fund. Such dividends do not qualify as dividends for purposes of the dividends received deduction described below.

 

Non-corporate shareholders of the Fund may be eligible for the long-term capital gain tax rate applicable to distributions of “qualified dividend income” received by such non-corporate shareholders. The long-term capital gains tax rate is 20% for non-corporate shareholders with taxable income in excess of $400,000 ($450,000 if married and filing jointly) and 15% (0% for non-corporate shareholders in lower income tax brackets) for non-corporate shareholders with taxable income of less than the threshold amounts. The Fund’s distribution will be treated as qualified dividend income and therefore eligible for the long-term capital gains tax rate to the extent that it receives dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding periods and other requirements are met. A corporate shareholder of the Fund may be eligible for the dividends received deduction with respect to the Fund’s distributions attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations, which, if received directly by the corporate shareholder, would qualify for such a deduction. For eligible corporate shareholders, the dividends received deduction may be subject to certain

 

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reductions, and a distribution by the Fund attributable to dividends of a domestic corporation will be eligible for the deduction only if certain holding period and other requirements are met.

 

Under current law, a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax applies to net investment income including interest (excluding, tax-exempt interest), dividends, and capital gains of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.

 

The Fund will furnish a statement to shareholders providing the federal income tax status of its dividends and distributions including the portion of such dividends, if any, that qualifies as long-term capital gain.

 

Different tax treatment, including penalties on certain excess contributions and deferrals, certain pre-retirement and post-retirement distributions and certain prohibited transactions, is accorded to accounts maintained as qualified retirement plans. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors for more information.

 

PURCHASES OF FUND SHARES. Prior to purchasing shares in the Fund, the impact of dividends or distributions which are expected to be or have been declared, but not paid, should be carefully considered. Any dividend or distribution declared shortly after a purchase of such shares of the Fund prior to the record date will have the effect of reducing the per share net asset value by the per share amount of the dividend or distribution, and to the extent the distribution consists of the Fund’s taxable income, the purchasing shareholder will be taxed on the taxable portion of the dividend or distribution received even though some or all of the amount distributed is effectively a return of capital. This is called “buying a dividend.” To avoid “buying a dividend,” check the Fund’s distribution dates before you invest.

 

SALES, EXCHANGES OR REDEMPTIONS. Upon the disposition of shares of the Fund (whether by redemption, sale or exchange), a shareholder may realize a capital gain or loss. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term or short-term depending upon the shareholder’s holding period for the shares. The capital gain will be long-term if the shares were held for more than 12 months and short-term if held for 12 months or less. If a shareholder sells or exchanges shares of the Fund within 90 days of having acquired such shares and if, before January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year of the sale or exchange, as a result of having initially acquired those shares, the shareholder subsequently pays a reduced sales charge on a new purchase of shares of the Fund, the sales charge previously incurred in acquiring the Fund’s shares generally shall not be taken into account (to the extent the previous sales charges do not exceed the reduction in sales charges on the new purchase) for the purpose of determining the amount of gain or loss on the disposition, but generally will be treated as having been incurred in the new purchase. Any loss realized on a disposition will be disallowed under the “wash sale” rules to the extent that the shares disposed of by the shareholder are replaced by the shareholder within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on a disposition of shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions of capital gain dividends received by the shareholder and disallowed to the extent of any distributions of tax-exempt interest dividends received by the shareholder with respect to such shares. Capital losses are generally deductible only against capital gains except that individuals may deduct up to $3,000 of capital losses against ordinary income.

 

The 3.8% Medicare contribution tax (applied as described above) will apply to gains from the sale or exchange of shares of the Fund.

 

BACKUP WITHHOLDING. The Fund generally is required to withhold, and remit to the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain exemptions, an amount equal to 28% of all distributions and redemption proceeds paid or credited to a shareholder of the Fund if (i) the shareholder fails to furnish the Fund with the correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”) certified under penalties of perjury, (ii) the shareholder fails to provide a certified statement that the shareholder is not subject to “backup withholding,” or (iii) the IRS or a broker has notified the Fund that the number furnished by the shareholder is incorrect or that the shareholder is subject to backup withholding as a result of failure to report interest or dividend income. If the backup withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions or proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.

 

46



 

STATE AND LOCAL TAXES. State and local laws often differ from federal income tax laws with respect to the treatment of specific items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit.

 

Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors as to the state and local tax rules affecting investments in the Fund.

 

NON-U.S. SHAREHOLDERS. Distributions made to non-U.S. shareholders attributable to net investment income generally are subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding at a 30% rate (or such lower rate provided under an applicable income tax treaty). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a distribution described above is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by a non-U.S. shareholder within the United States (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States), federal income tax withholding and exemptions attributable to foreign persons will not apply. Instead, distribution will be subject to withholding at the highest applicable U.S. tax rate (currently 39.6% in the case of individuals and 35% in the case of corporations) and the non-U.S. shareholders will be subject to the federal income tax reporting requirements generally applicable to U.S. persons described above.

 

Under U.S. federal tax law, a non-U.S. shareholder is not, in general, subject to federal income tax or withholding tax on capital gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Fund, or on capital gains dividends, provided that the Fund obtains a properly completed and signed certificate of foreign status, unless (i) such gains or distributions are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by the non-U.S. shareholder within the United States (or, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States of the non-U.S. shareholder); (ii) in the case of an individual non-U.S. shareholder, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met; or (iii) the shares of the Fund constitute U.S. real property interests (“USRPIs”), as described below.

 

Under current law, if the Fund is considered to be a “United States Real Property Holding Corporation” (as defined in the IRC and Treasury Regulations), then distributions attributable to certain underlying REIT investments and redemption proceeds paid to a non-U.S. shareholder that owns at least 5% of the Fund, generally will cause the non-U.S. shareholder to treat such gain or distribution as income effectively connected with a trade or business in the United States, subject such gain or distribution to withholding tax, and cause the non-U.S. shareholder to be required to file a federal income tax return. In addition, in any year where at least 50% of the Fund’s assets are USRPIs (as defined in the IRC and Treasury Regulations), distributions of the Fund that are attributable to gains from the sale or exchange of shares in USRPIs may be subject to U.S. withholding tax (regardless of such shareholder’s percentage interest in the Fund) and may require the non-U.S. shareholder to file a U.S. federal income tax return in order to receive a refund (if any) of the withheld amount.

 

Subject to the additional rules described herein, federal income tax withholding will apply to distributions attributable to dividends and other investment income distributed by the Fund. The federal income tax withholding rate may be reduced (and, in some cases, eliminated) under an applicable tax treaty between the United States and the non-U.S. shareholder’s country of residence or incorporation. In order to qualify for treaty benefits, a non-U.S. shareholder must comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its foreign status (generally by providing the Fund with a properly completed Form W-8BEN). All non-U.S. shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

Pursuant to the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), a 30% withholding tax generally is imposed on payments of interest and dividends to (i) foreign financial institutions including non-U.S. investment funds and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless the foreign financial institution or foreign entity provides the withholding agent with documentation sufficient to show that it is compliant with FATCA (generally by providing the Fund with a properly completed Form W-8BEN or Form W-8BEN-E, as applicable).  If the payment is subject to the 30% withholding tax under FATCA, a non-U.S. shareholder will not be subject to the 30% withholding tax described above on the same income.  Starting in 2019, payments of the gross proceeds (including distributions designated as capital gain dividends to the extent the payment is attributable to property that produces U.S. source interest or dividends) may also be subject to FATCA withholding absent proof of FATCA compliance prior to January 1, 2019.

 

47



 

Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of this new reporting and withholding regime to their own tax situation.

 

Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

FOREIGN BANK AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS AND FOREIGN FINANCIAL ASSETS REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. A shareholder that owns directly or indirectly more than 50% by vote or value of the Fund, is urged and advised to consult its own tax advisor regarding its filing obligations with respect to IRS Form FinCEN 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts.

 

Also, under recently enacted rules, subject to exceptions, individuals (and, to the extent provided in forthcoming future U.S. Treasury regulations, certain domestic entities) must report annually their interests in “specified foreign financial assets” on their U.S. federal income tax returns. It is currently unclear whether and under what circumstances shareholders would be required to report their indirect interests in the Fund’s “specified foreign financial assets” (if any) under these new rules.

 

Shareholders may be subject to substantial penalties for failure to comply with these reporting requirements. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors to determine whether these reporting requirements are applicable to them.

 

TAX-EXEMPT SHAREHOLDERS. A tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund as a result of the Fund’s investments and if shares in the Fund constitute debt financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of IRC Section 514(b).

 

It is possible that a tax-exempt shareholder of the Fund will also recognize UBTI if the Fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” (as described above) derived from direct or indirect investments in REMIC residual interests or TMPs. Furthermore, any investment in a residual interest of a CMO that has elected to be treated as a REMIC can create complex tax consequences, especially if the Fund has state or local governments or other tax-exempt organizations as shareholders.

 

In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (“CRTs”) that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or in TMPs.

 

Tax-exempt shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.

 

TAX SHELTER REPORTING REGULATIONS. Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

TAX BASIS INFORMATION. For shares of the Fund that are redeemed, your financial intermediary or the Fund (if a shareholder holds the shares in the Fund direct account) will report gains and losses realized on redemptions of shares for shareholders who are individuals and S corporations purchased after January 1, 2012 to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). This information will also be reported to a shareholder on Form 1099-B and the IRS each year. In calculating the gain or loss on redemptions of shares, the average cost method will be used to determine the cost basis of the Fund’s shares purchased after January 1, 2012 unless the shareholder instructs the Fund in writing that the shareholder wants to use another available method for cost basis reporting (for example, First In, First Out (FIFO), Last In, First Out (LIFO), Specific Lot Identification (SLID) or High Cost, First Out (HIFO)). If the shareholder designated SLID as the shareholder’s tax cost basis method, the shareholder will also need to designate a secondary cost basis method (Secondary Method). If a Secondary Method is not provided, the Fund will designate

 

48



 

FIFO as the Secondary Method and will use the Secondary Method with respect to systematic withdrawals that are made.

 

A shareholder’s financial intermediary or the Fund (if a shareholder holds the shares in the Fund direct account) is also required to report gains and losses to the IRS in connection with redemptions of shares by S corporations purchased after January 1, 2012. If a shareholder is a corporation and has not instructed the Fund that it is a C corporation in its Account Application or by written instruction, the Fund will treat the shareholder as an S corporation and file a Form 1099-B.

 

Shareholders are urged and advised to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund including, but not limited to, the applicability of state, local, foreign and other tax laws affecting the particular shareholder and to possible effects of changes in federal or other tax laws.

 

This summary is provided for general information only and should not be considered tax advice or relied on by an investor.

 

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APPENDIX A

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s® (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of debt obligations. A description of the ratings assigned by Moody’s, S&P® and Fitch are provided below. These ratings represent the opinions of these rating services as to the quality of the securities that they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. An adviser attempts to discern variations in credit rankings of the rating services and to anticipate changes in credit ranking. However, subsequent to purchase by a fund, an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum rating required for purchase by a fund. In that event, an adviser will consider whether it is in the best interest of a fund to continue to hold the securities.

 

Moody’s credit ratings are current opinions of the relative future credit risk of entities, credit commitments, or debt or debt-like securities. Moody’s defines credit risk as the risk that an entity may not meet its contractual, financial obligations as they come due and any estimated financial loss in the event of default. Credit ratings do not address any other risk, including but not limited to: liquidity risk, market value risk, or price volatility. Credit ratings are not statements of current or historical fact. Credit ratings do not constitute investment or financial advice, and credit ratings are not recommendations to purchase, sell, or hold particular securities. Credit ratings do not comment on the suitability of an investment for any particular investor. Moody’s issues its credit ratings with the expectation and understanding that each investor will make its own study and evaluation of each security that is under consideration for purchase, holding, or sale.

 

An S&P issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

 

Fitch credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving their money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

 

Short-Term Credit Ratings

 

Moody’s

 

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments.

 

Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

 

“P-1” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

“P-2” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

“P-3” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

B-1



 

“NP” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

S&P

 

S&P’s short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

 

Dual ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating.

 

The following summarizes the rating categories used by S&P for short-term issues:

 

“A-1” - Obligations are rated in the highest category and indicate that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

“A-2” - Obligations are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

“A-3” - Obligations exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“B” - Obligations are regarded as vulnerable and having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

 

“C” - Obligations are currently vulnerable to nonpayment and are dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“D” - Obligations are in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

 

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks - Standard & Poor’s issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.

 

Fitch

 

A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream, and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.

 

B-2



 

The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:

 

“F1” — Highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

“F2” — Good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

 

“F3” — Fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

 

“B” — Speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

“C” — High short-term default risk. This designation indicates that default is a real possibility.

 

“RD” — Restricted default. This designation indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations.

 

“D” — Default. This designation indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

 

Specific limitations relevant to the Short-Term Ratings scale include:

 

·                        The ratings do not predict a specific percentage of default likelihood over any given time period.

 

·                        The ratings do not opine on the market value of any issuer’s securities or stock, or the likelihood that this value may change.

 

·                        The ratings do not opine on the liquidity of the issuer’s securities or stock.

 

·                        The ratings do not opine on the possible loss severity on an obligation should an obligation default.

 

·                        The ratings do not opine on any quality related to an issuer or transaction’s profile other than the agency’s opinion on the relative vulnerability to default of the rated issuer or obligation.

 

Ratings assigned by Fitch Ratings articulate an opinion on discrete and specific areas of risk. The above list is not exhaustive.

 

Long-Term Credit Ratings

 

Moody’s

 

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:

 

“Aaa” - Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

 

“Aa” - Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

“A” - Obligations rated “A” are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

B-3



 

“Baa” - Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

“Ba” - Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

“B” - Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

“Caa” - Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

“Ca” - Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

“C” - Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb”) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

 

S&P

 

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P’s analysis of the following considerations:

 

·                  Likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

 

·                  Nature of and provisions of the obligation, and the promise S&P imputes.

 

·                  Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

 

Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

 

The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P for long-term issues:

 

“AAA” - An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

“AA” - An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.

 

“A” - An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.

 

B-4



 

“BBB” - An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC,” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

 

“BB” - An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“B” - An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“CCC” - An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

“CC” - An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

 

“C” — An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are higher rated.

 

“D” - An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

 

NR” - This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

Plus (+) or minus (-) - The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

 

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks - Standard & Poor’s issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.

 

Fitch

 

Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns and insurance companies, are generally assigned Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs). IDRs opine on an entity’s relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The “threshold” default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address

 

B-5



 

relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts, although the agency recognizes that issuers may also make pre-emptive and therefore voluntary use of such mechanisms.

 

In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency’s view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default. For historical information on the default experience of Fitch-rated issuers, please consult the transition and default performance studies available from the Fitch Ratings website.

 

The following summarizes long-term IDR categories used by Fitch:

 

“AAA” — Highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

“AA” — Very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

“A” — High credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

“BBB” — Good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

 

“BB” — Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.

 

“B” — Highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.

 

“CCC” — Substantial credit risk. “CCC” ratings indicate that default is a real possibility.

 

“CC” — Very high levels of credit risk. “CC” ratings indicate default of some kind appears probable.

 

“C” — Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. “C” ratings indicate default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C’ category rating for an issuer include:

 

a.                                the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;

 

b.                                the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or

 

c.                                 Fitch Ratings otherwise believes a condition of “RD” or “D” to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.

 

“RD” - Restricted default. “RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Rating’s opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased business. This would include:

 

a.                                      the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;

 

B-6



 

b.                                      the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation;

 

c.                                       the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or

 

d.                                      execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.

 

“D” — Default. “D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch Ratings’ opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.

 

Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.

 

“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.

 

In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency’s opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer’s financial obligations or local commercial practice.

 

Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” Long-Term IDR category, or to Long-Term IDR categories below “B.”

 

Specific limitations relevant to the issuer credit rating scale include:

 

·                  The ratings do not predict a specific percentage of default likelihood over any given time period.

 

·                  The ratings do not opine on the market value of any issuer’s securities or stock, or the likelihood that this value may change.

 

·                  The ratings do not opine on the liquidity of the issuer’s securities or stock.

 

·                  The ratings do not opine on the possible loss severity on an obligation should an issuer default.

 

·                  The ratings do not opine on the suitability of an issuer as a counterparty to trade credit.

 

·                  The ratings do not opine on any quality related to an issuer’s business, operational or financial profile other than the agency’s opinion on its relative vulnerability to default.

 

Ratings assigned by Fitch Ratings articulate an opinion on discrete and specific areas of risk. The above list is not exhaustive.

 

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APPENDIX B

 

PROXY VOTING POLICY

 

Hermes EOS — Voting Policy Guidelines

 

2015

 

Hermes EOS (“HEOS”) votes at company meetings on behalf of proxy voting clients in line with their respective voting policies and in a way that is consistent with a hierarchy of external global principles, overlaid with HEOS-developed regional principles which have themselves been based on external local market standards. In this way, HEOS seeks to apply a standard of generally accepted good governance practice on behalf of proxy voting clients, while also factoring in relevant regional differences in governance practice.

 

Global approach

 

HEOS relies on two main global governance standards when determining how to vote on behalf of proxy voting clients. The first set of principles on which voting decisions are made are the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (2004).(1)  These OECD principles cover six main areas, listed below.

 

OECD Principles of Corporate Governance

 

1. Ensuring the basis for an effective corporate governance framework

2. The rights of shareholders and key ownership functions

3. The equitable treatment of shareholders

4. The role of stakeholders in corporate governance

5. Disclosure and transparency

6. The responsibilities of the board

 

With regard to HEOS’ voting decisions, those OECD principles of most frequent relevance relate to; equitable treatment of shareholders, disclosure and transparency and responsibilities of the board.

 

HEOS voting decisions also rely on the ICGN Global Corporate Governance Guidelines (2009).(2) These ICGN guidelines are based on the above-referenced OECD principles but also include greater detail on matters of focus for ICGN. The ICGN guidelines cover nine main areas, listed below.

 

ICGN Global Corporate Governance Guidelines

 

1. Corporate objective

2. Corporate boards

3. Corporate culture

4. Risk Management

5. Remuneration

6. Audit

7. Disclosure and transparency

8. Shareholder rights

9. Shareholder responsibilities

 

The ICGN guidelines also offer greater guidance on two areas of remuneration, executive remuneration and non-executive director remuneration, via two additional guidance documents. HEOS also follows these guidance

 


(1)  http://www.oecd.org/corporate/oecdprinciplesofcorporategovernance.htm

(2)  https://www.icgn.org/best-practice

 

B-8



 

documents when making voting decisions. With regard to HEOS’ voting decisions, those ICGN guidelines of most frequent relevance relate to corporate boards, remuneration, audit and shareholder rights.

 

In addition to the OECD principles and ICGN guidelines described above, HEOS offers further clarity on how it makes voting decisions via its own Hermes Responsible Ownership Principles. These HEOS principles cover six main areas, listed below.

 

The Hermes Responsible Ownership Principles

 

1. Transparency and communication

2. Corporate culture

3. Strategy

4. Financial disciplines and structure and risk management

5. Stakeholders, environmental and social issues

6. Governance

 

With regard to HEOS’ voting decisions, the HEOS principle of most frequent relevance relates to governance.

 

Regional differences

 

Because governance conventions differ across global markets, HEOS has found it necessary to tailor its approach when voting proxy voting client holdings to accepted local market conventions. HEOS applies local market conventions in 17 markets around the world as a final overlay in the voting decision-making process. Those 17 markets for which HEOS has developed region-specific principles are listed below.

 

HEOS Regional Principles

 

·                  Australia

·                  Brazil

·                  Canada

·                  China (incl. Hong Kong)

·                  France

·                  Germany

·                  Italy

·                  Japan

·                  Latin America

·                  Mexico

·                  Russia

·                  South Africa

·                  Spain

·                  Sweden

·                  Switzerland

·                  United Kingdom

 

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·                  United States

 

Where possible, HEOS has built its regional principles on top of a suitable local market standard. This has been possible for 15 of the 17 regional principles. These local market standards are listed below.

 

Associated Local Market Standards

 

·                  Australia:

The ASX Corporate Governance Principles(3)

 

 

·                  Brazil:

Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa’s “Code of Best Practice”(4)

 

 

·                  China:

The Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies(5)

 

 

·                  China (Hong Kong):

The Corporate Governance Code(6)

 

 

·                  France:

The Principles for the Corporate Governance of Listed Companies(7)

 

 

·                  Germany:

The German Corporate Governance Code(8)

 

 

·                  Italy:

The Italian Corporate Governance Code(9)

 

 

·                  Japan:

The Asian Corporate Governance Association’s “White Paper on Corporate Governance in Japan”(10)

 

 

·                  Latin America:

The Latin American Roundtable’s “White Paper on Corporate Governance”(11)

 

 

·                  Mexico:

The Code of Best Practices in Corporate Governance

 

 

·                  Russia:

The Federal Commission for the Securities Markets’ “Code of Corporate Conduct”, and the OECD’s “White Paper on Corporate Governance in Russia”(12)

 

 

·                  South Africa:

King Code III(13)

 

 

·                  Spain:

The Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores’ “Unified Good Governance Code of Listed Companies”(14)

 

 

·                  Sweden:

The Swedish Code of Corporate Governance(15)

 

 

·                  Switzerland:

The Swiss Code of Best Practice for Corporate Governance(16)

 


(3)  http://www.asx.com.au/governance/corporate-governance.htm

(4)  http://www.ibgc.org.br/CodeBestPractices.aspx

(5)  http://www.ecgi.org/codes/documents/code_en.pdf

(6)  https://www.hkex.com.hk/eng/rulesreg/listrules/mbrules/documents/appendix_14.pdf

(7)  http://www.ecgi.org/codes

(8)  http://www.corporate-governance-code.de/eng/download/kodex_2010/German-Corporate-Governance-Code-2010.pdf

(9)  http://www.ecgi.org/codes/code.php?code_id=188

(10)  http://www.acgaasia.org/

(11)  http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/25/2/18976210.pdf

(12)  http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/10/3/2789982.pdf

(13)  http://african.ipapercms.dk/IOD/KINGIII/kingiiicode/

(14)  http://www.cnmv.es/DocPortal/Publicaciones/CodigoGov/Codigo_unificado_Ing_04en.pdf

(15)  http://www.corporategovernanceboard.se/

 

B-10



 

·                  United Kingdom:

The UK Corporate Governance Code(17)

 

Thematic guidelines

 

HEOS has also developed guidelines to assist its approach to stewardship in relation to specific themes, sectors and asset classes. Among these are:

 

·                  HEOS Responsible Ownership Principles

·                  HEOS Environmental Principles

·                  HEOS Remuneration Principles

·                  HEOS Board Diversity

·                  HEOS Islam & Responsible Ownership: Belief in your investment

 

Implementation

 

HEOS makes use of an electronic voting platform to lodge votes on behalf of each proxy voting client. In the interests of efficiency, HEOS has developed a set of logic rules for each market in order to apply the approach described above that interact with the electronic voting platform to aid HEOS analysts in determining how votes will be cast on behalf of a proxy voting client. These logic rules are maintained by HEOS analysts to reflect the latest understanding of how best to implement a proxy voting client’s voting policy. Proxy voting clients may inspect these logic rules at any time by accessing the electronic template file in which they reside.

 


(16)  http://www.economiesuisse.ch/de/PDF%20Download%20Files/PosPap_CorpLaw_20020627_e.pdf

(17)  http://www.frc.org.uk/corporate/ukcgcode.cfm

 

B-11



 

FUNDVANTAGE TRUST
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28.  Exhibits.

 

(a)(i)

 

Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on May 18, 2012.

(a)(ii)

 

Certificate of Trust. Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the Commission on March 7, 2007.

(a)(iii)

 

Amended and Restated Schedule A to Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust to be filed by amendment.

(b)

 

By-Laws. Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the Commission on March 7, 2007.

(c)

 

See, Articles 3, 7 and 8 of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the Commission on May 18, 2012.

(d)(i)

 

[Reserved]

(d)(ii)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with Lateef Investment Management, L.P. (“Lateef”) dated April 23, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on June 28, 2013.

(d)(iii)

 

[Reserved]

(d)(iv)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with TOBAM dated August 17, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 140 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the Commission on September 28, 2016.

(d)(v)

 

[Reserved]

(d)(vi)

 

[Reserved]

(d)(vii)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with Private Capital Management, LLC (“Private Capital”) dated October 28, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on March 19, 2014.

(d)(viii)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with Estabrook Capital Management LLC (“Estabrook”) dated July 22, 2010. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 30, 2010.

(d)(ix)

 

(A)            Investment Advisory Agreement with the Asset Management Group of Bank of Hawaii (“AMG of BOH”) dated June 25, 2010. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 1, 2010.

 

 

(B)            Form of Amended and Restated Schedules A and B to the Investment Advisory Agreement with AMG of BOH. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on March 19, 2014.

(d)(x)

 

(A)            Investment Advisory Agreement with Polen Capital Management, LLC (“Polen”) dated October 19, 2012. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2013.

 

 

(B)            Amended and Restated Schedule A and B to the Investment Advisory Agreement with Polen. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 2, 2015.

 

 

(C)            Form of Amended and Restated Schedules A and B to the Investment Advisory Agreement with Polen. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(d)(xi)

 

(A)            Investment Advisory Agreement with DuPont Capital Management Corporation (“DuPont Capital”) dated August 9, 2010. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on June 15, 2011.

 

 

(B)            Amended and Restated Schedules A and B to the Investment Advisory Agreement with DuPont Capital. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on March 19, 2014.

(d)(xii)

 

(A)            Investment Advisory Agreement with Gotham Asset Management, LLC (“Gotham”) dated

 



 

 

 

November 2, 2010. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on November 3, 2010.

 

 

(B)            Amended and Restated Schedules A and B to the Investment Advisory Agreement with Gotham dated September 30, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(d)(xiii)

 

Interim Investment Advisory Agreement with Shelton Capital Management (“Shelton”). Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(d)(xiv)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with Cutwater Investor Services Corporation d/b/a Insight Investment (“Insight”) for the Investment Grade Bond Fund (formerly, the Cutwater Investment Grade Bond Fund) dated January 2, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(d)(xv)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with Equity Investment Corporation (“EIC”) dated September 30, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(d)(xvi)

 

Form of Investment Advisory Agreement with Arabesque Asset Management Ltd for the Arabesque Systematic USA Fund and the Arabesque Systematic International Fund to be filed by amendment.

(d)(xvii)

 

[Reserved]

(d)(xviii)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with Choice Financial Partners, Inc., d/b/a EquityCompass Strategies (“EquityCompass”) dated September 26, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on March 19, 2014.

(d)(xix)

 

[Reserved]

(d)(xx)

 

[Reserved]

(d)(xxi)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with BRAM US LLC (“BRAM”) dated December 18, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on March 19, 2014.

(d)(xxii)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with Mount Lucas Management LP (“Mount Lucas”) dated March 19, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on May 15, 2014.

(d)(xxiii)

 

Investment Advisory Agreement with SkyBridge Capital II, LLC (“SkyBridge”) dated April 7, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on May 15, 2014.

(e)(i)

 

Underwriting Agreement with Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (“Foreside”) dated April 1, 2012. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on April 13, 2012.

(e)(ii)

 

Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated May 21, 2012. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 27, 2012.

(e)(iii)

 

Second Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated June 1, 2012. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 27, 2012.

(e)(iv)

 

Third Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated August 27, 2012. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2013.

(e)(v)

 

Fourth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated May 28, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2013.

(e)(vi)

 

Fifth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated September 1, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2014.

(e)(vii)

 

Sixth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated September 27, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2014.

(e)(viii)

 

Seventh Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated March 19, 2014. Incorporated

 



 

 

 

by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2014.

(e)(ix)

 

Eighth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated March 20, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 121 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2015.

(e)(x)

 

Ninth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated June 11, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 121 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2015.

(e)(xi)

 

Tenth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated September 23, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 121 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2015.

(e)(xii)

 

Eleventh Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated December 31, 2014.  Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 121 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2015.

(e)(xiii)

 

Twelfth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated March 31, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 121 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2015.

(e)(xiv)

 

Thirteenth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated June 30, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 15, 2016.

(e)(xv)

 

Fourteenth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated September 30, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 15, 2016.

(e)(xvi)

 

Fifteenth Amendment to Underwriting Agreement with Foreside dated April 1, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(f)

 

Not applicable.

(g)(i)

 

(A)            Custody Agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon dated March 14, 2011. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

 

 

(B)            Amended and Restated Schedule II to the Custody Agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon dated as of April 15, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(g)(ii)

 

Foreign Custody Manager Agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon dated March 14, 2011. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

(h)(i)

 

(A)            Transfer Agency Services Agreement with BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (formerly, PFPC Inc.) dated July 19, 2007. Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 27, 2007.

 

 

(B)            Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement dated as of April 15, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

 

 

(C)            Red Flags Services Amendment to Transfer Agency Services Agreement dated May 1, 2009. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

(h)(ii)

 

(A)            Administration and Accounting Services Agreement with BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (formerly, PFPC Inc.) dated July 19, 2007. Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 27, 2007.

 

 

(B)            Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated as of dated April 15, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

 

 

(C)            Fair Value Services Amendment to the Administration and Accounting Services Agreement

 



 

 

 

dated August 12, 2010. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 30, 2010.

 

 

(D)            Amendment to the Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated December 2, 2010. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

(h)(iii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Absolute 500 Core Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(h)(iv)

 

Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement with Lateef dated August 30, 2010, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(v)

 

Amended and Restated Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Private Capital dated May 27, 2010, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(vi)

 

Amended and Restated Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Estabrook dated July 22, 2010, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(vii)

 

Amended and Restated Fee Waiver Agreement with AMG of BOH dated June 25, 2010, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(viii)

 

Amended and Restated Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with DuPont Capital for the DuPont Capital Emerging Markets Fund dated August 11, 2010, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(ix)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with TOBAM for the TOBAM Emerging Markets Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 140 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the Commission on September 28, 2016.

(h)(x)

 

Amended and Restated Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Polen for the Polen Growth Fund dated June 20, 2010, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(xi)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with EIC dated April 21, 2011, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(xii)

 

Amended and Restated Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with DuPont Capital for the DuPont Capital Emerging Markets Debt Fund dated September 23, 2013, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(xiii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Institutional Value Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 15, 2016.

(h)(xiv)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Polen for the Polen Global Growth Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 2, 2015.

(h)(xv)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Absolute Return Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2012

(h)(xvi)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Enhanced Return Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on June 17, 2013.

(h)(xvii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Neutral Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on September 26, 2013.

(h)(xviii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement regarding Dividend and Interest Expense on

 



 

 

 

Securities Sold Short with Shelton for the Shelton Tactical Credit Fund (formerly, WHV/Acuity Tactical Credit Long/Short Fund). Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(xix)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with EquityCompass for the Quality Dividend Fund dated September 26, 2013, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(h)(xx)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Hedged Plus Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 129 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on March 30, 2016.

(h)(xxi)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with BRAM for the Bradesco Latin American Equity Fund and the Bradesco Latin American Hard Currency Bond Fund (formerly, Bradesco Brazilian Hard Currency Bond Fund) dated December 18, 2013, as amended and restated August 31, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 140 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the Commission on September 28, 2016.

(h)(xxii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Mount Lucas for the Mount Lucas U.S. Focused Equity Fund dated March 19, 2014, as amended and restated August 31, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 121 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2015.

(h)(xxiii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with SkyBridge for the SkyBridge Dividend Value Fund dated April 7, 2014, as amended and restated August 31, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 121 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2015.

(h)(xxiv)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Enhanced 500 Core Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(h)(xxv)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Absolute 500 Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 28, 2014.

(h)(xxvi)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Hedged Core Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(h)(xxvii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Enhanced 500 Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 15, 2015.

(h)(xxviii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Total Return Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on April 1, 2015.

(h)(xxix)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Index Plus Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on April 1, 2015.

(h)(xxx)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Shelton for the Shelton International Select Equity Fund (formerly, WHV International Equity Fund) and Shelton Tactical Credit Fund (formerly, WHV/Acuity Tactical Credit Long/Short Fund). Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2016.

(h)(xxxi)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Index Core Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(h)(xxxii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Neutral 500 Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(h)(xxxiii)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Defensive Long Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(h)(xxxiv)

 

Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Gotham for the Gotham Defensive Long 500

 



 

 

 

Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(h)(xxxvii)

 

Form of Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Arabesque Asset Management Ltd for Arabesque Systematic USA Fund to be filed by amendment.

(h)(xxxviii)

 

Form of Expense Limitation/Reimbursement Agreement with Arabesque Asset Management Ltd for Arabesque Systematic International Fund to be filed by amendment.

(i)

 

Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP is filed herewith.

(j)

 

Not applicable.

(k)

 

Not applicable.

(l)

 

Initial Capital Agreement. Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 27, 2007.

(m)(i)

 

Plan of Distribution Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (“12b-1 Plan”) for Insight Funds. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on June 24, 2010.

(m)(ii)

 

12b-1 Plan for the Lateef Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 6, 2007.

(m)(iii)

 

Form of selling and/or services agreement related to Rule 12b-1 Plans. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

(m)(iv)

 

12b-1 Plan for the Shelton International Select Equity Fund (formerly, WHV International Equity Fund) and Shelton Tactical Credit Fund (formerly, WHV/Acuity Tactical Credit Long/Short Fund). Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(m)(v)

 

12b-1 Plan for the Private Capital Management Value Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

(m)(vi)

 

Form of 12b-1 Plan for the Estabrook Value Fund and Estabrook Investment Grade Fixed Income Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on February 16, 2010.

(m)(vii)

 

12b-1 Plan for the Polen Growth Fund, Polen Global Growth Fund and Polen International Growth Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to Registrant’s Registration Statement was filed with the Commission on October 14, 2016.

(m)(viii)

 

12b-1 Plan for TOBAM Emerging Markets Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 1, 2016.

(m)(ix)

 

[Reserved]

(m)(x)

 

12b-1 Plan for EIC Value Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on April 21, 2011.

(m)(xi)

 

12b-1 Plan for Quality Dividend Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on June 27, 2013.

(m)(xii)

 

[Reserved]

(m)(xiii)

 

12b-1 Plan for SkyBridge Dividend Value Fund. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 14, 2014.

(m)(xiv)

 

12b-1 Plan for Bradesco Latin American Equity Fund and the Bradesco Latin American Hard Currency Bond Fund (formerly, Bradesco Brazilian Hard Currency Bond Fund). Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 14, 2014.

(m)(xv)

 

Form of 12b-1 Plan for Arabesque Systematic USA Fund to be filed by amendment.

(m)(xvi)

 

Form of 12b-1 Plan for Arabesque Systematic International Fund to be filed by amendment.

(n)

 

Amended and Restated Multiple Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 1, 2016.

(o)

 

[RESERVED]

(p)(i)

 

Code of Ethics of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

 



 

(p)(ii)

 

Code of Ethics of Insight. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 15, 2016.

(p)(iii)

 

[Reserved]

(p)(iv)

 

Code of Ethics of Lateef. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

(p)(v)

 

Code of Ethics of TOBAM. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 1, 2016.

(p)(vi)

 

Code of Ethics of WHV. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 15, 2016.

(p)(vii)

 

Code of Ethics of Shelton to be filed by amendment.

(p)(viii)

 

[Reserved]

(p)(ix)

 

Code of Ethics of Private Capital. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

(p)(x)

 

Code of Ethics of Estabrook. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 27, 2012.

(p)(xi)

 

Code of Ethics of AMG of BOH. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on March 12, 2010.

(p)(xii)

 

Code of Ethics of JPMIM. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 27, 2012.

(p)(xiii)

 

Code of Ethics of Polen. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on April 8, 2010.

(p)(xiv)

 

Code of Ethics of DuPont. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on August 29, 2011.

(p)(xv)

 

Code of Ethics of Gotham. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 27, 2012.

(p)(xvi)

 

[Reserved]

(p)(xvii)

 

Code of Ethics of EIC. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on April 21, 2011.

(p)(xix)

 

Code of Ethics of EquityCompass. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 15, 2016.

(p)(xx)

 

[Reserved]

(p)(xxii)

 

Code of Ethics of BRAM. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 15, 2016.

(p)(xxiii)

 

Code of Ethics of Mount Lucas. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 14, 2014.

(p)(xxiv)

 

Code of Ethics of SkyBridge. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on January 14, 2014.

(p)(xxv)

 

[Reserved]

(p)(xxvi)

 

Code of Ethics of Acuity. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on October 16, 2014.

(p)(xxvii)

 

Code of Ethics for Arabesque to be filed by amendment.

(q)(i)

 

Powers of Attorney for Robert J. Christian, Iqbal Mansur, Nancy B. Wolcott and Stephen M. Wynne. Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-14 as filed with the SEC on December 13, 2013.

(q)(ii)

 

Power of Attorney for Nicholas M. Marsini, Jr. Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to Registrant’s Registration Statement as filed with the Commission on July 1, 2016.

 

Item 29.  Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Registrant.

 

None.

 

Item 30.  Indemnification.

 

The Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Agreement”) and by-laws provide, among other things, that the trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent,

 



 

employee, investment adviser or distributor of the Registrant, nor shall any trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other trustee, and the Registrant out of its assets may indemnify and hold harmless each trustee and officer of the Registrant from and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses and damages whatsoever arising out of or related to such trustee’s performance of his or her duties as a trustee or officer of the Registrant; provided that the trustees and officers of the Registrant shall not be entitled to an indemnification or held harmless if such liabilities were a result of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. (See Article 5 and 9 of the Agreement which has been incorporated by reference as Exhibit 28(a)(i) and the Registrant’s By-Laws which have been incorporated by reference as Exhibit 28(b).)

 

Each Investment Advisory Agreement with Insight, Lateef, Private Capital, Estabrook, AMG of BOH, Polen, DuPont Capital, Gotham, EIC, EquityCompass, BRAM, Mount Lucas, SkyBridge, TOBAM, Arabesque and Shelton provides, among other things, that an investment adviser shall not be liable for any loss suffered by the Registrant with respect to its duties under the agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the investment adviser in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the agreement (“disabling conduct”).  In addition, the Registrant has agreed to indemnify an investment adviser against and hold it harmless from any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) resulting from any claim, demand, action or suit not resulting from disabling conduct by the investment adviser. (See Investment Advisory Agreements which have been incorporated by reference as Exhibits 28(d)(ii), 28(d)(iv), 28(d)(vii)-(xii), 28(d)(xiv), 28(d)(xv), 28(d)(xviii), 28(d)(xxi)-(xxiii)).

 

The Underwriting Agreement with Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (the “Underwriter”) provides, among other things, that the Registrant will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Underwriter and its affiliates and their respective directors, trustees, officers, agents and employees from all claims, suits, actions, damages, losses, liabilities, obligations, costs and reasonable expenses (including attorneys’ fees and court costs, travel costs and other reasonable out-of-pocket costs related to dispute resolution) arising directly or indirectly from (a) any action or omission to act by any prior service provider of the Registrant, and (b) any action taken or omitted to be taken by the Underwriter in connection with the provision of services to the Registrant except that the Underwriter shall be liable for any damages arising out of its failure to perform its duties under the agreement to the extent such damages arise out of the Underwriter’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of such duties. (See the Underwriting Agreement which has been incorporated by reference as Exhibits 28(e)(i)-(e)(xvi).)

 

Item 31.  Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisers.

 

Cutwater Investor Services Corp. (“Cutwater” or the “Adviser”) is an SEC-registered investment adviser located at 200 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10166. Formerly a wholly-owned subsidiary of MBIA Asset Management, parent company Cutwater Holdings, LLC began operations in January 1991. In February 2010, Cutwater Holdings, LLC was restructured into Cutwater Asset Management, an independent operating subsidiary of MBIA Inc., a New York Stock Exchange-listed company. Cutwater Asset Management is comprised of Cutwater Investor Services Corp. and Cutwater Asset Management Corp., an SEC registered investment adviser (and a FINRA member), which provides investment management services to selected clients.

 

BNY Mellon acquired Cutwater Asset Management from MBIA Inc. on January 2, 2015. Cutwater Asset Management is now operated by Insight Investment, one of the UK’s largest active investment managers. BNY Mellon is a publicly held NYSE listed company and reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The directors and officers of Cutwater are provided on Cutwater’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 107200), which is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names and businesses of certain directors and officers of Cutwater who were engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature during the past two years.

 

Name

 

Position with Cutwater

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Clifford D. Corso

 

Director and Chief Executive Officer

 

CEO — Insight North America; Executive Vice President, and Chief Investment Officer — Cutwater Asset Management

 



 

Charles Farquharson

 

Director

 

Chief Risk Officer — Insight Investment

Mitchell Evan Harris

 

Chairman

 

CEO, Investment Management — BNY Mellon, President Investment Management — BNY Mellon

Abdallah Habib Nauphal

 

Director

 

CEO— Insight Investment; CEO and CIO, Investment — Insight Investment

Gregory Allan Brisk

 

Director

 

Head of Investment Management Governance — BNY Mellon; Chief Compliance and Risk Officer, Investment Management Group— BNY Mellon

Robin Jayne Shulman

 

Chief Compliance Officer

 

Chief Compliance Officer — Insight North America; Chief Compliance Officer - Horizon Kinetics LLC, Kinetics Funds Distributor LLC, and KBD Securities, LLC

 

Lateef is a registered investment adviser located at 300 Drakes Landing Road, Suite 210, Greenbrae, California 94904. The general partner, limited partners, officers and directors of Lateef are provided on Lateef’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 107049), which is incorporated herein by reference. The partners, directors and officers of Lateef are not engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Private Capital is a registered investment adviser located at 8889 Pelican Bay Boulevard, Suite 500, Naples, Florida 34108. The officers of Private Capital are provided on Private Capital’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 104672), which is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names and businesses of certain officers of Private Capital who are engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Name

 

Position with Private Capital

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Charles D. Atkins

 

President, Chief Compliance Officer and General Counsel

 

General Counsel of Carnes Capital Corporation, 8889 Pelican Bay Blvd., Suite 500, Naples, FL 34108-7512

David G. Joyce

 

Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

 

Chief Financial Officer of Carnes Capital Corporation, 8889 Pelican Bay Blvd., Suite 500, Naples, FL 34108-7512

 

Estabrook is a registered investment adviser located at 900 Third Avenue, 10th Floor, New York, New York 10022. The members, directors and officers of Estabrook are provided on Estabrook’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 128856), which is incorporated herein by reference. The members, directors and officers of Estabrook are not engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature

 

AMG of BOH is a registered investment adviser located at 130 Merchant Street, Suite 370, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813. The members and officers of AMG of BOH are provided on AMG of BOH’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 112324), which is incorporated herein by reference. The members, directors and officers of AMG are not engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Polen is a registered investment adviser located at 1825 NW Corporate Blvd., Suite 300, Boca Raton, Florida 33431. The directors and officers of Polen are provided on Polen’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 106093), which is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names and businesses of certain directors and officers of Polen who are engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Name

 

Position with Polen

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Stanley C. Moss

 

Chief Executive Officer

 

Chairman and Director, Polen Capital Investment Funds plc.

 



 

DuPont Capital is a registered investment adviser located at Delaware Corporate Center, One Righter Parkway, Suite 3200, Wilmington, Delaware 19803. The directors and officers of DuPont Capital are provided on DuPont Capital’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 107145), which is incorporated herein by reference. Certain directors and officers of DuPont Capital have roles and responsibilities respecting DuPont Capital’s parent company, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates and/or DuPont Capital’s wholly owned broker dealer subsidiary, DuPont Capital Management Marketing Corporation. The directors and officers of DuPont Capital are not engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Gotham is a registered investment adviser located at 535 Madison Avenue, 30th Floor, New York, New York 10022. The members, directors and officers of Gotham are provided on Gotham’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 149335), which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Name

 

Position with Gotham

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Joel Greenblatt

 

Managing Principal and Co-Chief Investment Officer

 

Director, Pzena Investment Management, Inc. 120 West 45th Street 20th Floor New York, NY 10036 Board Member, Investment Board for the University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania - The Office of Investments 3535 Market Street, Suite 200 Philadelphia, PA 19104-3309

 

EIC is a registered investment adviser located at 3007 Piedmont Road, NE, Suite 200 Atlanta, Georgia 30305. The members and officers of EIC are provided on EIC’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 283930), which is incorporated herein by reference. The members, directors and officers of EIC are not engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

EquityCompass is a registered investment adviser located at 1 South Street, 16th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21202. The members, directors and officers of EquityCompass are provided on EquityCompass’ most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 145420), which is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names and businesses of certain directors and officers of EquityCompass who are engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Name

 

Position with EquityCompass

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Elizabeth A. Watkins

 

Chief Compliance Officer

 

Chief Compliance Officer, Thomas Weisel Capital Management LLC, Thomas Weisel Global Growth Partners LLC, Ziegler Capital Management, LLC, Sagewood Asset Management LLC

Margaret M. Baer

 

Secretary

 

Chief Administrative and Operating Officer, Ziegler Capital Management, LLC

 

BRAM US LLC is a registered investment adviser located on 450 Park Avenue, 32nd Floor, New York, NY 10022. The partners, directors and officers of BRAM are provided on BRAM’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 159558), which is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names and businesses of certain directors and officers of BRAM who are engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Name

 

Position with BRAM
US LLC

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

VINCIUS JOSE DE ALMEIDA ALBERNAZ

 

President

 

CEO, Bradesco Asset Management DTVM, 1450 Av Paulista 6th Floor Sao Paulo-SP 01310-917 Brazil

RICARDO PEREIRA DE ALMEIDA

 

Secretary

 

Superintendent, CIO, Bradesco Asset Management DTVM, 1450 Av Paulista 6th Floor Sao Paulo-SP 01310-917 Brazil

LUIS GUEDES FERREIRA

 

Assistant Secretary

 

Senior Portfolio Manager, Head of Equities,

 



 

COSTA

 

 

 

Bradesco Asset Management DTVM, 1450 Av Paulista 6th Floor Sao Paulo-SP 01310-917 Brazil

ALEXANDRE DA CUNHA MATHIAS

 

Assistant Secretary

 

Head of Products, Bradesco Asset Management DTVM, 1450 Av Paulista 6th Floor Sao Paulo-SP 01310-917 Brazil

LUIZ OSÓRIO LEÃO FILHO

 

Vice President

 

Head of International Business Development, Bradesco Asset Management DTVM, 1450 Av Paulista 6th Floor Sao Paulo-SP 01310-917 Brazil

ISABELA BEHAR

 

Chief Compliance Officer

 

CCO, Bradesco Securities, Inc., 450 Park Avenue, 32nd Floor, New York, NY 10022

 

Mount Lucas is a registered investment adviser located at 405 South State Street, Newtown, PA 18940. The members, directors and officers of Mount Lucas are provided on Mount Lucas’ most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 108255), which is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names and businesses of certain directors and officers of Mount Lucas who are engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Name

 

Position with Mount
Lucas

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Roger E. Alcaly

 

Chairman

 

None

Charles S. Crow

 

Chief Compliance Officer

 

Director (independent), 1st Constitution Bancorp 2650 Route 130 & DeyRoad Cranbury, NJ 08512; Principal, Crow & Cushing, 100 Canal Pointe Boulevard Suite 214 Princeton, NJ 08540

 

SkyBridge is a registered investment adviser located at 527 Madison Avenue, 16th Floor, New York, NY 10022. The members, directors and officers of SkyBridge, which are required to be provided on SkyBridge’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 148152) are set forth therein, which is incorporated herein by reference. The members, directors and officers of SkyBridge are not engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

TOBAM is a registered investment adviser, located at 49-53, Avenue des Champs-Elysées, 75008 Paris, France. The members, directors and officers of TOBAM are provided on TOBAM’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 157107), which is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names and other substantial business activity of each director, officer or partner of TOBAM who is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years, for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner, or trustee, in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Name

 

Position with
TOBAM

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Yves Choueifaty

 

CEO

 

President of Wenow, a French start-up that designs and develops connected objects to reduce the impact of vehicles on the climate (see www.wenow.com).

 

Shelton is a registered investment adviser located at 1050 17th Street, Suite 1710, Denver, CO 80265. Shelton has been engaged during the past two fiscal years as the investment adviser to the Shelton Greater China Fund, a series of SCM Trust, an open-end management investment company, and to the Shelton Funds (and its predecessors), a diversified, open-end management investment company, which comprises the following series: California Tax-Free Income Fund, US Government Securities Fund, The United States Treasury Trust, S&P 500 Index Fund, S&P MidCap Index Fund, S&P SmallCap Index Fund, Shelton Core Value Fund, European Growth & Income Fund, Nasdaq-100 Index Fund, Shelton Green Alpha Fund and Short-Term U.S. Government Bond Fund. The partners, directors and/or officers of Shelton which are required to be provided on Shelton’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 104720) are set forth therein, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 



 

Set forth below are the names and other substantial business activity of each director, officer or partner of Shelton who is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years, for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner, or trustee, in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Name

 

Position with Shelton

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Stephen C. Rogers

 

President and Portfolio Manager

 

Chairman of Shelton Funds and SCM Trust

Teresa Axelson

 

Chief Compliance Officer

 

Secretary of Shelton Funds and SCM Trust

 

Arabesque is a registered investment adviser located at 68 Brook St, London W1K 5DZ, UK. The members, directors and officers of Arabesque are provided on Arabesque’s most recently filed Schedule A of Form ADV (IARD No. 282729), which is incorporated herein by reference. Set forth below are the names and other substantial business activity of each director, officer or partner of Arabesque who is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years, for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner, or trustee, in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature.

 

Name

 

Position with Arabesque

 

Other Substantial Business Activities

Omar Selim

 

Chief Executive Officer

 

Partner, Arabesque Partners

 

Item 32.  Foreside Funds Distributors LLC

 

Item 32(a)                                      Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

1.                   Aston Funds

2.                   E.I.I. Realty Securities Trust

3.                   FundVantage Trust

4.                   GuideStone Funds

5.                   Kalmar Pooled Investment Trust

6.                   Matthews International Funds (d/b/a Matthews Asia Funds)

7.                   Metropolitan West Funds

8.                   The Motley Fool Funds Trust

9.                   New Alternatives Fund

10.            Old Westbury Funds, Inc.

11.            The RBB Fund, Inc.

12.            The Torray Fund

13.            Versus Capital Multi-Manager Real Estate Income Fund LLC (f/k/a Versus Global Multi-Manager Real Estate Income Fund LLC)

 

Item 32(b)                                      The following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter.  The Distributor’s main business address is 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312.

 

Richard J. Berthy

 

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101

 

President, Treasurer and Manager

 

None

Mark A. Fairbanks

 

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101

 

Vice President

 

None

Jennifer K. DiValerio

 

899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Vice President

 

None

Susan K. Moscaritolo

 

899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312

 

Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer

 

None

Jennifer E. Hoopes

 

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101

 

Secretary

 

None

 



 

Item 32(c)             Not applicable.

 

Item 33.  Locations of Accounts and Records.

 

All accounts and records are maintained by the Registrant, or on its behalf by the following entities:

 

(1)                   Insight, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 (for certain records of the Insight Funds);

(2)                   Lateef, 300 Drakes Landing Road, Suite 210, Greenbrae, California 94904 (for certain records of the Lateef Fund);

(3)                   Boston Advisors LLC, One Liberty Square, 10th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02109 (for certain records of the Boston Advisors Broad Allocation Strategy Fund) (series liquidated on December 18, 2014);

(4)                   Piedmont Investment Advisors, LLC, 300 West Morgan Street, Suite 1200 Durham, North Carolina 27701 (for certain records of the Corverus Strategic Equity Fund) (series liquidated on July 20, 2012);

(5)                   WHV, 301 Battery Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, California 94111 (for certain records of the Shelton International Select Equity Fund (formerly, WHV International Equity Fund), Shelton Tactical Credit Fund (formerly, WHV/Acuity Tactical Credit Long/Short Fund), WHV Emerging Markets Equity Fund (series liquidated on December 20, 2013), WHV/Seizert Small Cap Equity Fund (series liquidated on April 29, 2016, WHV/EAM International Small Cap Equity Fund (series liquidated on March 31, 2016) and WHV/EAM Emerging Markets Small Cap Equity Fund (series liquidated on March 31, 2016));

(6)                   [Reserved];

(7)                   Seizert, 185 Oakland Ave., Suite 100, Birmingham, Michigan 48009 (for certain records of the WHV/Seizert Small Cap Equity Fund) (series liquidated on April 29, 2016);

(8)                   [Reserved]

(9)                   [Reserved]

(10)            Private Capital, 8889 Pelican Bay Boulevard, Suite 500, Naples, Florida 34108 (for certain records of the Private Capital Management Value Fund);

(11)            Estabrook, 900 Third Avenue, 10th Floor, New York, New York 10022 (for certain records of the Estabrook Funds);

(12)            AMG of BOH, 130 Merchant Street, Suite 370, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 (for certain records of the Pacific Capital Funds and of the U.S.  Government Money Market Fund);

(13)            Polen, 1825 NW Corporate Blvd., Suite 300, Boca Raton, Florida 33431 (for certain records of the Polen Growth Fund and Polen Global Growth Fund);

(14)            DuPont Capital, Delaware Corporate Center, One Righter Parkway, Suite 3200, Wilmington, Delaware 19803 (for certain records of the DuPont Capital Funds);

(15)            Gotham, 535 Madison Avenue, 30th Floor, New York, New York (for certain records of the Formula Funds (series liquidated and/or merged with Gotham Funds) and Gotham Funds);

(16)            Montibus Capital Management LLC, 805 SW Broadway, Suite 2400, Portland, Oregon 97205 (for certain records of the Montibus Small Cap Growth Fund) (series liquidated on August 24, 2015);

(17)            Compak Asset Management, 8105 Irvine Center Drive, Suite 1100, Irvine, California 92618 (for certain records of the Compak Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund) (series liquidated on September 13, 2013);

(18)            EIC, 3007 Piedmont Road, NE, Suite 200 Atlanta, Georgia 30305 (for certain records of the EIC Value Fund);

(19)            SNW Asset Management, LLC, 2001 Sixth Ave.  Suite 2310, Seattle, Washington 98121(for certain records of the SNW Oregon Short-Term Tax-Exempt Bond Fund (series liquidated on June 29, 2012));

(20)            Heitman, 191 North Wacker Drive, Suite 2500, Chicago, Illinois 60606 (for certain records of the Heitman REIT Fund) (series liquidated on April 25, 2014);

(21)            EquityCompass, 1 South Street, 16th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21202 (for certain records of the Quality Dividend Fund);

(22)            BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., Registrant’s administrator, transfer agent, dividend-paying agent and accounting services agent, 301 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809;

(23)            Sirios Capital Management, L.P., One International Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 (for certain records of the Sirios Focus Fund (series liquidated on October 30, 2015);

(24)            BRAM, 450 Park Avenue, 32nd Floor, New York, NY 10022 (for certain records of the Bradesco Latin American Equity Fund and Bradesco Latin American Hard Currency Bond Fund);

 



 

(25)            Mount Lucas, 1450, 405 South State Street, Newtown, PA 18940 (for certain records of the Mount Lucas U.S.  Focused Equity Fund);

(26)            SkyBridge, 527 Madison Avenue, 16th Floor, New York, NY 10022 (for certain records of the SkyBridge Dividend Value Fund);

(27)            EAM Global, 2533 South Coast Highway 101, Suite 240, Cardiff by the Sea, CA 92007 (for certain records of the WHV/EAM International Small Cap Equity Fund, and the WHV/EAM Emerging Markets Small Cap Equity Fund (both series liquidated on March 31, 2016));

(28)            Acuity, 60 Arch Street, 2nd Floor, Greenwich, CT 06830 (for certain records of the WHV/Acuity Tactical Credit Long/Short Fund);

(29)            TOBAM, 49-53, Avenue des Champs-Elysées, 75008 Paris, France (for certain records of the TOBAM Emerging Markets Fund);

(30)            Shelton, 1050 17th Street, Suite 1710, Denver, CO 80265 (for certain records of the Shelton International Select Equity Fund (formerly, WHV International Equity Fund) and Shelton Tactical Credit Fund (formerly, WHV/Acuity Tactical Credit Long/Short Fund)); and

(31)            Arabesque, 68 Brook St, London W1K 5DZ, UK (for certain records of the Arabesque Systematic USA Fund and the Arabesque Systematic Fund).

 

Item 34.  Management Services.

 

There are no management-related service contracts not discussed in Parts A or B.

 

Item 35.  Undertakings.

 

Pursuant to Rule 484 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant furnishes the following undertaking:

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.  In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 



 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 148 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Wilmington, State of Delaware on the 20th day of January, 2017.

 

 

 

FUNDVANTAGE TRUST

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Joel L. Weiss

 

 

Joel L. Weiss, President and CEO

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 148 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

/s/ Robert J. Christian*

 

Trustee

 

January 20, 2017

Robert J. Christian

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Iqbal Mansur*

 

Trustee

 

January 20, 2017

Iqbal Mansur

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Nicholas M. Marsini, Jr.*

 

Trustee

 

January 20, 2017

Nicholas M. Marsini, Jr.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Nancy B. Wolcott*

 

Trustee

 

January 20, 2017

Nancy B. Wolcott

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Stephen M. Wynne*

 

Trustee

 

January 20, 2017

Stephen M. Wynne

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ T. Richard Keyes

 

Treasurer and CFO

 

January 20, 2017

T. Richard Keyes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Joel L. Weiss

 

President and CEO

 

January 20, 2017

Joel L. Weiss

 

 

 

 

 

 

* By:

/s/ Joel L. Weiss

 

 

Joel L. Weiss

 

 

Attorney-in-Fact

 

 



 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

EXHIBIT
NO.

 

DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT

Item 28.

 

Exhibits.

(i)

 

Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP