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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

(9)  Income Taxes



The consolidated income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, was determined based upon estimates of the Company’s consolidated annual effective income tax rate for the years ending December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The difference between the consolidated annual effective income tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate is primarily attributable to foreign income taxes, state income taxes and the effect of certain permanent differences.



The Company’s estimated effective tax rate was 4.4% at September 30, 2018, compared to 1.5% at September 30, 2017.  



The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions based on an evaluation as to whether it is more likely than not that a position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. This evaluation is based on all available evidence and assumes that the appropriate tax authorities have full knowledge of all relevant information concerning the tax position. Once it has been determined that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained on its technical merits, the tax benefit recognized is based on the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $0.3 million, which if recognized, would reduce the Company’s effective tax rate. Total accrued interest relating to unrecognized tax benefits was less than $0.1 million as of September 30, 2018. The Company does not believe the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018 will change for the remainder of 2018.



The Company was notified on May 1, 2017 that its 2015 federal income tax return was selected for examination. The examination was concluded on June 20, 2018 with no impact to tax expense.