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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Estimated Fair Value
 
As described above in Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements, as of the Effective Date, the Successor Company accounts for its investments, as well as its collateralized loan obligation secured notes at estimated fair value. Comparatively, the Predecessor Company accounted for certain of its corporate loans and its collateralized loan obligation secured notes at amortized cost.
 
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value, as well as the respective hierarchy classifications, of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are not carried at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 (amounts in thousands): 
 
Successor Company
 
As of December 31, 2015
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
$
807,496

 
$
807,496

 
$
807,496

 
$

 
$

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Senior notes
413,006

 
394,390

 
394,390

 

 

Junior subordinated notes
248,498

 
216,757

 

 

 
216,757

 
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value, as well as the respective hierarchy classifications, of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are not carried at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014 (amounts in thousands): 
 
Successor Company
 
As of December 31, 2014
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
$
610,912

 
$
610,912

 
$
610,912

 
$

 
$

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Senior notes
414,524

 
413,215

 
413,215

 

 

Junior subordinated notes
246,907

 
228,087

 

 

 
228,087



Fair Value Measurements
 
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value (amounts in thousands):
 
 
Successor Company
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable 
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Balance as of December 31, 2015
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate debt securities
$

 
$
172,912

 
$
194,986

 
$
367,898

Residential mortgage-backed securities

 

 
49,621

 
49,621

Total securities

 
172,912

 
244,607

 
417,519

Corporate loans

 
4,889,876

 
298,734

 
5,188,610

Equity investments, at estimated fair value
40,765

 
75,533

 
146,648

 
262,946

Interests in joint ventures and partnerships, at estimated fair value

 

 
888,408

 
888,408

Derivatives:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Foreign exchange forward contracts and options

 
37,120

 
3,637

 
40,757

Options

 

 
95

 
95

Total derivatives

 
37,120

 
3,732

 
40,852

Total
$
40,765

 
$
5,175,441

 
$
1,582,129

 
$
6,798,335

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Collateralized loan obligation secured notes
$

 
$
4,843,746

 
$

 
$
4,843,746

Derivatives:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

Interest rate swaps

 
41,743

 

 
41,743

Foreign exchange forward contracts and options

 
1,399

 
750

 
2,149

Total derivatives

 
43,142

 
750

 
43,892

Total
$

 
$
4,886,888

 
$
750

 
$
4,887,638


 
The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value (amounts in thousands):
 
 
Successor Company
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable 
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Balance as of
December 31,
 2014
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate debt securities
$

 
$
266,387

 
$
317,034

 
$
583,421

Residential mortgage-backed securities

 

 
55,184

 
55,184

Total securities

 
266,387

 
372,218

 
638,605

Corporate loans

 
6,159,487

 
347,077

 
6,506,564

Equity investments, at estimated fair value
25,692

 
73,967

 
81,719

 
181,378

Interests in joint ventures and partnerships, at estimated fair value

 

 
718,772

 
718,772

Other assets

 
4,645

 

 
4,645

Derivatives:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Foreign exchange forward contracts and options

 
28,354

 

 
28,354

Options

 

 
5,212

 
5,212

Total derivatives

 
28,354

 
5,212

 
33,566

Total
$
25,692

 
$
6,532,840

 
$
1,524,998

 
$
8,083,530

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Collateralized loan obligation secured notes
$

 
$

 
$
5,501,099

 
$
5,501,099

Derivatives:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest rate swaps

 
54,071

 

 
54,071

Foreign exchange forward contracts and options

 
926

 

 
926

Total rate of return swaps

 
130

 

 
130

Total derivatives

 
55,127

 

 
55,127

Total
$

 
$
55,127

 
$
5,501,099

 
$
5,556,226



Level 3 Fair Value Rollforward
 
The following table presents additional information about assets and liabilities, including derivatives, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value, for the year ended December 31, 2015 (amounts in thousands):
 
 
 
Successor Company
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Corporate
Debt
Securities
 
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
 
Corporate
Loans
 
Equity
Investments,
at Estimated
Fair Value
 
Interests in
Joint
Ventures and
Partnerships
 
Foreign Exchange Options, Net
 
Warrants
 
Options
 
Collateralized
Loan
Obligation
Secured Notes
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2015
$
317,034

 
$
55,184

 
$
347,077

 
$
81,719

 
$
718,772

 
$

 
$

 
$
5,212

 
$
5,501,099

Total gains or losses (for the period):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Included in earnings(1)
(37,716
)
 
8,398

 
(69,384
)
 
(42,472
)
 
(141,386
)
 
2,887

 
(2,412
)
 
(5,117
)
 

Transfers into Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3(2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(5,501,099
)
Purchases
10,001

 

 
12,775

 

 
351,184

 

 

 

 

Sales
(98,539
)
 

 
(25,511
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements
4,206

 
(13,961
)
 
33,777

 
107,401

 
(40,162
)
 

 
2,412

 

 

Ending balance as of December 31, 2015
$
194,986

 
$
49,621

 
$
298,734

 
$
146,648

 
$
888,408

 
$
2,887

 
$

 
$
95

 
$

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the reporting period(1)
$
(45,488
)
 
$
2,273

 
$
(67,368
)
 
$
(41,776
)
 
$
(141,386
)
 
$
2,887

 
$
(2,412
)
 
$
(5,117
)
 
$

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Amounts are included in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments or net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives and foreign exchange in the consolidated statements of operations.

(2)
CLO secured notes were transferred out of Level 3 due to the adoption of accounting guidance effective January 1, 2015, whereby the debt obligations of the Company's consolidated CLOs were measured on the basis of the estimated fair value of the financial assets of the CLOs. As such, as of December 31, 2015, these debt obligations were classified as Level 2. Refer to Note 2 to these consolidated financial statement for further discussion.

The following table presents additional information about assets, including derivatives, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value, for the eight months ended December 31, 2014 (amounts in thousands):
 
 
Successor Company
 
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Corporate Debt Securities
 
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
 
Corporate
Loans, at
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Equity
Investments,
at Estimated
Fair Value
 
Interests in
Joint
Ventures 
and
Partnerships
 
Foreign
Exchange
Options,
Net
 
Options
 
Collateralized Loan Obligations Secured Notes
Beginning balance as of May 1, 2014
$
156,500

 
$
59,623

 
$
294,218

 
$
157,765

 
$
472,467

 
$
8,854

 
$
6,684

 
$
5,663,665

Total gains or losses (for the period):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Included in earnings(1)
(16,973
)
 
4,981

 
(15,346
)
 
(2,005
)
 
(102,158
)
 
(8,854
)
 
(1,472
)
 
(4,123
)
Transfers into Level 3(2)

 

 
66,250

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3(3)

 

 

 
(1,230
)
 

 

 

 

Purchases
83,402

 

 
2,588

 

 
90,566

 

 

 
885,983

Sales
(26,433
)
 

 
(2,912
)
 
(17,535
)
 
(13,795
)
 

 

 

Settlements
120,538

 
(9,420
)
 
2,279

 
(55,276
)
 
271,692

 

 

 
(1,044,426
)
Ending balance as of December 31, 2014
$
317,034

 
$
55,184

 
$
347,077

 
$
81,719

 
$
718,772

 
$

 
$
5,212

 
$
5,501,099

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the eight months ended December 31, 2014 included in earnings for assets held at the end of the reporting period(1)
$
(16,787
)
 
$
386

 
$
(15,305
)
 
$
(791
)
 
$
(106,215
)
 
$

 
$
(1,472
)
 
$
(4,393
)
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Amounts are included in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments or net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives and foreign exchange in the consolidated statements of operations. Amounts for collateralized loan obligation secured notes, which represent liabilities measured at fair value, are included in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on debt in the consolidated statements of operations.
(2)
Corporate loans were transferred into Level 3 because observable market data was no longer available.
(3)
Equity investments, at estimated fair value were transferred out of Level 3 because observable market data became available.

The following table presents additional information about assets, including derivatives, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value, for the four months ended April 30, 2014 (amounts in thousands): 
 
Predecessor Company
 
Securities
Available-
For-Sale
 
Other
Securities,
at Estimated
Fair Value
 
Residential
Mortgage-
Backed
Securities
 
Corporate
Loans, at
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Equity
Investments,
at Estimated
Fair Value
 
Interests in
Joint
Ventures and
Partnerships
 
Foreign
Exchange
Options,
Net
 
Options
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2014
$
23,401

 
$
107,530

 
$
76,004

 
$
152,800

 
$
138,059

 
$
415,247

 
$
8,941

 
$
6,794

Total gains or losses (for the period):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Included in earnings(1)
22

 
3,059

 
3,088

 
(5,123
)
 
9,076

 
22,377

 
(813
)
 
(302
)
Included in other comprehensive income
121

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3(3)

 

 

 

 
(8,751
)
 

 

 

Purchases

 
25,000

 

 
8,822

 

 
42,683

 

 

Sales

 

 
(17,810
)
 

 

 

 

 

Settlements
(16
)
 
(10,078
)
 
(2,529
)
 
(3,104
)
 
120,593

 
14,113

 

 

Ending balance as of March 31, 2014
23,528

 
125,511

 
58,753

 
153,395

 
258,977

 
494,420

 
8,128

 
6,492

Total gains or losses (for the period):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings(1)
44

 
479

 
1,416

 
1,240

 
12,126

 
(24,158
)
 
726

 
192

Included in other comprehensive income
33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3(2)
6,937

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3(3)

 

 

 

 
(119,033
)
 

 

 

Purchases

 

 

 

 

 
1,615

 

 

Sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements
(32
)
 

 
(546
)
 
2,272

 

 
(1,184
)
 

 

Ending balance as of April 30, 2014
$
30,510

 
$
125,990

 
$
59,623

 
$
156,907

 
$
152,070

 
$
470,693

 
$
8,854

 
$
6,684

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for the four months ended April 30, 2014 for assets held at the end of the reporting period(1)
$
66

 
$
2,683

 
$
5,242

 
$
4,445

 
$
20,499

 
$
(1,781
)
 
$
(87
)
 
$
(110
)
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Amounts are included in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments or net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives and foreign exchange in the consolidated statements of operations.
(2)
Securities available-for-sale were transferred into Level 3 because observable market data was no longer available as a result of an asset-restructure.
(3)     Equity investments, at estimated fair value were transferred out of Level 3 because observable market data became available as a result of asset-restructures.

Certain interests in joint ventures and partnerships were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 during the eight months ended December 31, 2014 due to illiquid market conditions. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2015 and four months ended April 30, 2014.

Valuation Techniques and Inputs for Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
The following table presents additional information about valuation techniques and inputs used for assets and liabilities, including derivatives, that are measured at fair value and categorized within Level 3 as of December 31, 2015 (dollar amounts in thousands): 
Successor Company
 
Balance as of
December 31, 2015
 
Valuation
Techniques(1)
 
Unobservable
Inputs(2)
 
Weighted
Average(3)
 
Range
 
Impact to
Valuation
from an
Increase in
Input(4)
Assets:
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Corporate debt securities
$
194,986

 
Yield analysis
 
Yield
 
23%
 
6% - 31%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Net leverage
 
10x
 
10x-12x
 
Decrease

 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA multiple
 
7x
 
7x - 10x
 
Increase

 
 
 
 
 
Discount margin
 
750
 
750bps
 
Decrease

Residential mortgage – backed securities
$
49,621

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Probability of default
 
1%
 
0% - 3%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Loss severity
 
40%
 
35% - 45%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Constant prepayment rate
 
15%
 
12% - 18%
 
(5
)
Corporate loans
$
298,734

 
Yield Analysis
 
Yield
 
11%
 
3% - 18%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Net leverage
 
7x
 
1x - 19x
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
EBITDA multiple
 
9x
 
6x - 15x
 
Increase

Equity investments, at estimated fair value(6)
$
146,648

 
Inputs to market comparables, discounted cash flow and broker quotes
 
Illiquidity discount
 
11%
 
0% - 15%
 
Decrease

 
 
 
 
 
Weight ascribed to market comparables
 
52%
 
0% - 100%
 
(7
)
 
 

 
 
 
Weight ascribed to discounted cash flows
 
42%
 
0% - 100%
 
(8
)
 
 
 
 
 
Weight ascribed to broker quotes
 
6%
 
0% - 100%
 
(9
)
 
 

 
Market comparables
 
LTM EBITDA multiple
 
8x
 
4x - 13x
 
Increase

 
 

 
 
 
Forward EBITDA multiple
 
8x
 
3x - 11x
 
Increase

 
 

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
9%
 
7% - 14%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
LTM EBITDA exit multiple
 
8x
 
0x - 9x
 
Increase

 
 
 
Broker quotes
 
Offered quotes
 
4
 
0 - 5
 
Increase

Interests in joint ventures and partnerships(10)
$
888,408

 
Inputs to both market comparables and discounted cash flow
 
Weight ascribed to market comparables
 
43%
 
0% - 100%
 
(7
)
 
 

 
 
 
Weight ascribed to discounted cash flows
 
57%
 
0% - 100%
 
(8
)
 
 

 
Market comparables
 
LTM EBITDA multiple
 
5x
 
1x - 9x
 
Decrease

 
 

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
8%
 
6% - 20%
 
Decrease

 
 
 
 
 
Average price per BOE(11)
 
$20.61
 
$14.33 - $23.22
 
Increase

 
 
 
Yield analysis
 
Yield
 
16%
 
16%
 
Decrease

 
 
 
 
 
Net leverage
 
2x
 
2x
 
Decrease

 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA multiple
 
8x
 
8x
 
Increase

Foreign exchange options, net
$
2,887

 
Option pricing model
 
Forward and spot rates
 
11,500
 
6 -14,000
 
(12
)
Options(13)
$
95

 
Inputs to both market comparables and discounted cash flow
 
Illiquidity discount
 
10%
 
10%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Weight ascribed to market comparables
 
50%
 
50%
 
(7
)
 
 
 
 
 
Weight ascribed to discounted cash flows
 
50%
 
50%
 
(8
)
 
,

 
Market comparables
 
LTM EBITDA multiple
 
9x
 
9x
 
Increase

 
 
 
 
 
Forward EBITDA multiple
 
8x
 
8x
 
Increase

 
 

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
14%
 
14%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
LTM EBITDA exit multiple
 
8x
 
8x
 
Increase

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
For the assets that have more than one valuation technique, the Company may rely on the techniques individually or in aggregate based on a weight ascribed to each one ranging from 0-100%. When determining the weighting ascribed to each valuation methodology, the Company considers, among other factors, the availability of direct market comparables, the applicability of a discounted cash flow analysis and the expected hold period and manner of realization for the investment. These factors can result in different weightings among the investments and in certain instances, may result in up to a 100%weighting to a single methodology. Broker quotes obtained for valuation purposes are reviewed by the Company through other valuation techniques.
(2)
In determining certain of these inputs, management evaluates a variety of factors including economic conditions, industry and market developments; market valuations of comparable companies; and company specific developments including exit strategies and realization opportunities.
(3)
Weighted average amounts are based on the estimated fair values.
(4)
Unless otherwise noted, this column represents the directional change in the fair value of the Level 3 investments that would result from an increase to the corresponding unobservable input. A decrease to the unobservable input would have the opposite effect. Significant increases and decreases in these inputs in isolation could result in significantly higher or lower fair value measurements.
(5)
The impact of changes in prepayment speeds may have differing impacts depending on the seniority of the instrument. Generally, an increase in the constant prepayment speed will positively impact the overall valuation of traditional mortgage assets. In contrast, an increase in the constant prepayment rate will negatively impact the overall valuation of interest-only strips.
(6)
When determining the illiquidity discount to be applied to equity investments, at estimated fair value, the Company seeks to take a uniform approach across its portfolio and generally applies a minimum 5% discount to all private equity investments carried at estimated fair value. The Company then evaluates such investments to determine if factors exist that could make it more challenging to monetize the investment and, therefore, justify applying a higher illiquidity discount. These factors generally include the salability of the investment, whether the issuer is undergoing significant restructuring activity or similar factors, as well as characteristics about the issuer including its size and/or whether it is experiencing, or expected to experience, a significant decline in earnings. Depending on the applicability of these factors, the Company determines the amount of any incremental illiquidity discount to be applied above the 5% minimum, and during the time the Company holds the investment, the illiquidity discount may be increased or decreased, from time to time, based on changes to these factors. The amount of illiquidity discount applied at any time requires considerable judgment about what a market participant would consider and is based on the facts and circumstances of each individual investment. Accordingly, the illiquidity discount ultimately considered by a market participant upon the realization of any investment may be higher or lower than that estimated by the Company in its valuations. Of the total equity investments, at estimated fair value, $6.4 million was valued solely using broker quotes, while $11.3 million was valued solely using a market comparables technique.
(7)
The directional change from an increase in the weight ascribed to the market comparables approach would increase the fair value of the Level 3 investments if the market comparables approach results in a higher valuation than the discounted cash flow approach and broker quotes, if applicable. The opposite would be true if the market comparables approach results in a lower valuation than the discounted cash flow approach and broker quotes, if applicable.
(8)
The directional change from an increase in the weight ascribed to the discounted cash flow approach would increase the fair value of the Level 3 investments if the discounted cash flow approach results in a higher valuation than the market comparables approach and broker quotes, if applicable. The opposite would be true if the discounted cash flow approach results in a lower valuation than the market comparables approach and broker quotes, if applicable.
(9)
The directional change from an increase in the weight ascribed to broker quotes would increase the fair value of the Level 3 investments if the broker quotes results in a higher valuation than the market comparables and discounted cash flow approaches, if applicable. The opposite would be true if the broker quotes results in a lower valuation than the market comparables and discounted cash flow approaches, if applicable.
(10)
Inputs exclude an asset that was valued using an independent third party valuation firm. Of the total interest in joint ventures and partnerships, $164.4 million was valued solely using a discounted cash flow technique, while $98.9 million was valued solely using a market comparables technique and $17.5 million was valued solely using a yield analysis.
(11)
Natural resources assets with an estimated fair value of $114.1 million as of December 31, 2015 were valued using commodity prices. Commodity prices may be measured using a common volumetric equivalent where one barrel of oil equivalent (‘‘BOE’’) is determined using the ratio of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one barrel of oil, condensate or natural gas liquids. The price per BOE is provided to show the aggregate of all price inputs for these investments over a common volumetric equivalent although the valuations for specific investments may use price inputs specific to the asset for purposes of our valuations. The discounted cash flows include forecasted production of liquids (oil, condensate, and natural gas liquids) and natural gas with a forecasted revenue ratio of approximately 25% liquids and 75% natural gas.
(12)
Inputs include forward rates for investments in Chinese Yuan and Indian Rupees.
(13)
The total options were valued using 50% a discount cash flow technique and 50% a market comparables technique.

The following table presents additional information about valuation techniques and inputs used for assets, including derivatives, that are measured at fair value and categorized within Level 3 as of December 31, 2014 (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
Successor Company
 
Balance as of
December 31,
2014
 
Valuation
Techniques(1)
 
Unobservable
Inputs(2)
 
Weighted
Average(3)
 
Range
 
Impact to
Valuation
from an
Increase in
Input(4)
Assets:
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Corporate debt securities
$
317,034

 
Yield analysis
 
Yield
 
17%
 
3% - 19%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Net leverage
 
6x
 
5x - 12x
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
EBITDA multiple
 
7x
 
4x - 11x
 
Increase

 
 
 
 
 
Discount margin
 
905bps
 
625bps - 1100bps
 
Decrease

 
 

 
Broker quotes
 
Offered quotes
 
101
 
101
 
Increase

Residential mortgage-backed securities
$
55,184

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Probability of defaults
 
8%
 
0% - 21%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Loss severity
 
26%
 
12% - 45%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Constant prepayment rate
 
12%
 
4% - 19%
 
(5
)
Corporate loans, at estimated fair value
$
347,077

 
Yield Analysis
 
Yield
 
12%
 
3% - 21%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
Net leverage
 
6x
 
1x - 13x
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
EBITDA multiple
 
9x
 
5x - 12x
 
Increase

Equity investments, at estimated fair value(6)
$
81,719

 
Inputs to both market comparables and discounted cash flow
 
Weight ascribed to market comparables
 
97%
 
0% - 100%
 
(7
)
 
 

 
 
 
Weight ascribed to discounted cash flows
 
83%
 
0% - 100%
 
(8
)
 
 

 
Market comparables
 
LTM EBITDA multiple
 
4x
 
1x - 12x
 
Increase

 
 

 
 
 
Forward EBITDA multiple
 
7x
 
4x - 11x
 
Increase

 
 

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
13%
 
9% - 16%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
LTM EBITDA exit multiple
 
8x
 
5x - 10x
 
Increase

Interests in joint ventures and partnerships(9)
$
718,772

 
Inputs to both market comparables and discounted cash flow
 
Weight ascribed to market comparables
 
54%
 
0% - 100%
 
(7
)
 
 

 
 
 
Weight ascribed to discounted cash flows
 
79%
 
0% - 100%
 
(8
)
 
 

 
Market comparables
 
Current capitalization rate
 
7%
 
4% - 15%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
LTM EBITDA multiple
 
11x
 
10x - 13x
 
Increase

 
 
 
 
 
Control Premium
 
15%
 
15%
 
Increase

 
 

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
12%
 
7% - 20%
 
Decrease

 
 
 
 
 
Average Price per BOE(10)
 
$30.16
 
$21.46 - $35.67
 
Increase

Options(11)
$
5,212

 
Inputs to both market comparables and discounted cash flow
 
Weight ascribed to market comparables
 
50%
 
50%
 
(7
)
 
 

 
 
 
Weight ascribed to discounted cash flows
 
50%
 
50%
 
(8
)
 
 

 
Market comparables
 
LTM EBITDA multiple
 
9x
 
9x
 
Increase

 
 

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
14%
 
14%
 
Decrease

 
 

 
 
 
LTM EBITDA exit multiple
 
11x
 
11x
 
Increase

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligation secured notes
$
5,501,099

 
Yield analysis
 
Discount margin
 
255bps
 
95bps - 1000bps
 
Decrease

 
 
 
Discounted cash flows
 
Probability of default
 
3%
 
2% - 3%
 
Decrease

 
 
 
 
 
Loss Severity
 
32%
 
30% - 37%
 
Decrease

 

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
For the assets that have more than one valuation technique, the Company may rely on the techniques individually or in aggregate based on a weight ascribed to each one ranging from 0-100%. When determining the weighting ascribed to each valuation methodology, the Company considers, among other factors, the availability of direct market comparables, the applicability of a discounted cash flow analysis and the expected hold period and manner of realization for the investment. These factors can result in different weightings among the investments and in certain instances, may result in up to a 100% weighting to a single methodology. Broker quotes obtained for valuation purposes are reviewed by the Company through other valuation techniques.
(2)
In determining certain of these inputs, management evaluates a variety of factors including economic conditions, industry and market developments; market valuations of comparable companies; and company specific developments including exit strategies and realization opportunities.
(3)
Weighted average amounts are based on the estimated fair values.
(4)
Unless otherwise noted, this column represents the directional change in the fair value of the Level 3 investments that would result from an increase to the corresponding unobservable input. A decrease to the unobservable input would have the opposite effect. Significant increases and decreases in these inputs in isolation could result in significantly higher or lower fair value measurements.
(5)
The impact of changes in prepayment speeds may have differing impacts depending on the seniority of the instrument. Generally, an increase in the constant prepayment speed will positively impact the overall valuation of traditional mortgage assets. In contrast, an increase in the constant prepayment rate will negatively impact the overall valuation of interest-only strips.
(6)
When determining the illiquidity discount to be applied to equity investments, at estimated fair value, the Company seeks to take a uniform approach across its portfolio and generally applies a minimum 5% discount to all private equity investments carried at estimated fair value. The Company then evaluates such investments to determine if factors exist that could make it more challenging to monetize the investment and, therefore, justify applying a higher illiquidity discount. These factors generally include the salability of the investment, whether the issuer is undergoing significant restructuring activity or similar factors, as well as characteristics about the issuer including its size and/or whether it is experiencing, or expected to experience, a significant decline in earnings. Depending on the applicability of these factors, the Company determines the amount of any incremental illiquidity discount to be applied above the 5% minimum, and during the time the Company holds the investment, the illiquidity discount may be increased or decreased, from time to time, based on changes to these factors. The amount of illiquidity discount applied at any time requires considerable judgment about what a market participant would consider and is based on the facts and circumstances of each individual investment. Accordingly, the illiquidity discount ultimately considered by a market participant upon the realization of any investment may be higher or lower than that estimated by the Company in its valuations. Of the total equity investments, at estimated fair value, $9.5 million was valued solely using a discounted cash flow technique, while $67.4 million was valued solely using a market comparables technique.
(7)
The directional change from an increase in the weight ascribed to the market comparables approach would increase the fair value of the Level 3 investments if the market comparables approach results in a higher valuation than the discounted cash flow approach. The opposite would be true if the market comparables approach results in a lower valuation than the discounted cash flow approach.
(8)
The directional change from an increase in the weight ascribed to the discounted cash flow approach would increase the fair value of the Level 3 investments if the discounted cash flow approach results in a higher valuation than the market comparables approach. The opposite would be true if the discounted cash flow approach results in a lower valuation than the market comparables approach.
(9)
Inputs exclude an asset that was valued using an independent third party valuation firm. Of the total interests in joint ventures and partnerships, $207.6 million was valued solely using a discounted cash flow technique, while $20.4 million was valued solely using a market comparables technique.
(10)
Natural resources assets with an estimated fair value of $176.4 million as of December 31, 2014 were valued using commodity prices. Commodity prices may be measured using a common volumetric equivalent where one BOE is determined using the ratio of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one barrel of oil, condensate or natural gas liquids. The price per BOE is provided to show the aggregate of all price inputs for these investments over a common volumetric equivalent although the valuations for specific investments may use price inputs specific to the asset for purposes of our valuations. The discounted cash flows include forecasted production of liquids (oil, condensate, and natural gas liquids) and natural gas with a forecasted revenue ratio of approximately 23% liquids and 77% natural gas.
(11)
The total options were valued using 50% a discount cash flow technique and 50% a market comparables technique.