10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-37901

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-4429448
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1855 S. Grant Street San Mateo, CA	94402
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 931-3200

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	COUP	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Global Select Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of June 4, 2020, the Registrant had 67,073,897 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	40
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	42
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	42
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	67
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	67
Item 5.	Other Information	67
Item 6.	Exhibits	68
	Exhibit Index	68
	Signatures	69

i

NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations and financial condition, customer lifetime value, strategy and plans, market size and opportunity, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities, product capabilities, our expectations for future operations and our convertible senior notes, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “design,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “would” or the negative version of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, strategy, short- and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations” and “Risk Factors.”

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, except as required by law, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

1

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	April 30,			January 31,
	2020			2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	295,806		$	268,045
Marketable securities		409,974			499,160
Accounts receivable, net of allowances		90,258			118,508
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		25,963			31,636
Deferred commissions, current portion		12,096			11,982
Total current assets		834,097			929,331
Property and equipment, net		21,040			18,802
Deferred commissions, net of current portion		29,652			30,921
Goodwill		443,086			442,112
Intangible assets, net		119,795			128,660
Operating lease right-of-use assets		30,176			32,026
Other assets		13,316			12,221
Total assets	$	1,491,162		$	1,594,073
Liabilities, Temporary Equity and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,568		$	3,517
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		45,689			54,245
Deferred revenue, current portion		240,680			257,692
Current portion of convertible senior notes, net (Note 9)		114,165			187,115
Operating lease liabilities, current portion		8,069			8,199
Total current liabilities		411,171			510,768
Convertible senior notes, net (Note 9)		571,897			562,612
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		3,800			4,091
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		23,451			25,490
Other liabilities		14,969			28,620
Total liabilities		1,025,288			1,131,581
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Temporary equity (Note 9)		752			16,835
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized    at April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020; zero shares issued and outstanding    at April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 625,000,000 shares authorized    at April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020; 66,827,590 and 64,528,970    shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020,    respectively		7			7
Additional paid-in capital		822,713			790,468
Accumulated other comprehensive income		2,907			871
Accumulated deficit		(360,505	)		(345,689	)
Total stockholders’ equity		465,122			445,657
Total liabilities, temporary equity and stockholders’ equity	$	1,491,162		$	1,594,073

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Revenues:
Subscription	$	105,735		$	72,957
Professional services and other		13,479			8,387
Total revenues		119,214			81,344
Cost of revenues:
Subscription		29,002			17,403
Professional services and other		13,836			9,926
Total cost of revenues		42,838			27,329
Gross profit		76,376			54,015
Operating expenses:
Research and development		26,719			21,014
Sales and marketing		46,139			33,610
General and administrative		9,144			17,198
Total operating expenses		82,002			71,822
Loss from operations		(5,626	)		(17,807	)
Interest expense		(12,289	)		(3,175	)
Interest income and other, net		3,328			924
Loss before provision for income taxes		(14,587	)		(20,058	)
Provision for income taxes		229			410
Net loss	$	(14,816	)	$	(20,468	)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and    diluted	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.34	)
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per    share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		65,468			60,785

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Net loss	$	(14,816	)	$	(20,468	)
Other comprehensive gain (loss) in relation to defined benefit    plans, net of tax		397			(539	)
Changes in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of    tax		1,639			(47	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(12,780	)	$	(21,054	)

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020
	Common Stock					Additional Paid-In			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Accumulated			Total Stockholders'
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Income			Deficit			Equity
Balance at January 31, 2020		64,528,970		$	7	$	790,468		$	871		$	(345,689	)	$	445,657
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions		37,568			—		—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock for employee share purchase plan		104,818			—		7,391			—			—			7,391
Exercise of stock options		404,858			—		3,228			—			—			3,228
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—		24,547			—			—			24,547
Vested restricted stock units		298,155			—		—			—			—			—
Temporary equity reclassification		—			—		(752	)		—			—			(752	)
Settlement of convertible senior notes (Note 9)		1,453,221			—		(2,169	)		—			—			(2,169	)
Other comprehensive income		—			—		—			2,036			—			2,036
Net loss		—			—		—			—			(14,816	)		(14,816	)
Balance at April 30, 2020		66,827,590		$	7	$	822,713		$	2,907		$	(360,505	)	$	465,122
	Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Common Stock					Additional Paid-In			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Accumulated			Total Stockholders'
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Income (loss)			Deficit			Equity
Balance at January 31, 2019		60,455,381		$	6	$	567,797		$	335		$	(254,857	)	$	313,281
Cancellation of common stock from acquisitions (Note 4)		(7,784	)		—		—			—			—			-
Issuance of common stock for employee share purchase plan		108,758			—		5,396			—			—			5,396
Exercise of stock options		856,295			1		4,481			—			—			4,482
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—		17,061			—			—			17,061
Vested restricted stock units		227,923			—		—			—			—			—
Other comprehensive loss		—			—		—			(586	)		—			(586	)
Net loss		—			—		—			—			(20,468	)		(20,468	)
Balance at April 30, 2019		61,640,573		$	7	$	594,735		$	(251	)	$	(275,325	)	$	319,166

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(14,816	)	$	(20,468	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		10,502			4,036
Accretion of discounts on marketable securities, net		471			731
Amortization of deferred commissions		3,162			1,980
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs		11,950			2,961
Stock-based compensation		24,197			16,845
Gain on conversion of convertible senior notes		(2,571	)		—
Repayments of convertible senior notes attributable to debt discount (Note 9)		(10,604	)		—
Other		881			92
Changes in operating assets and liabilities net of effects from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		26,633			29,405
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,945			(4,370	)
Other assets		595			1,895
Deferred commissions		(2,007	)		(3,763	)
Accounts payable		(885	)		(788	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(20,742	)		(3,519	)
Deferred revenue		(17,303	)		(6,244	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		15,408			18,793
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of marketable securities		(49,514	)		(64,789	)
Maturities of marketable securities		137,143			44,796
Sales of marketable securities		2,929			199,314
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(3,604	)		—
Purchases of property and equipment		(3,599	)		(2,654	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		83,355			176,667
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of convertible senior notes attributable to principal		(81,444	)		—
Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options		2,938			4,339
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan		7,391			5,396
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(71,115	)		9,735
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		27,648			205,195
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year		268,280			141,319
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	295,928		$	346,514
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed    consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	295,806		$	346,446
Restricted cash included in other assets		122			68
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	295,928		$	346,514

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow data
Cash paid for income taxes	$	554	$	509
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other    liabilities	$	476	$	683

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

COUPA SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

Coupa Software Incorporated (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2006. The Company provides a comprehensive, cloud-based business spend management (or “BSM”) platform that provides greater visibility into and control over how companies spend money. The BSM platform enables businesses to achieve savings that drive profitability. The Company is based in San Mateo, California.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on March 20, 2020 (the “Form 10-K”). The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated during consolidation.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2020, included herein, was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures including certain notes required by GAAP on an annual reporting basis. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any other period.

There have been no changes to the significant accounting policies described in the Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020, other than the adoption of accounting pronouncements as described in the “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” section below.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its significant estimates including, but not limited to, the lives of tangible and intangible assets, stock-based compensation, the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration, the estimate of credit losses on accounts receivable and marketable securities, the valuation of acquired intangible assets and the recoverability or impairment of intangible assets, including goodwill, revenue recognition, convertible senior notes fair value, the benefit period of deferred commissions, and provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market-specific and relevant assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the financial position and results of operations.

Concentration of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. Cash deposits exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents to date. Refer to Note 14, “Significant Customers and Geographic Information” for additional information on significant customers during the period.

8

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company’s comprehensive loss consists of net loss, other comprehensive gain (loss) in relation to defined benefits plans, net of tax, and changes in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax. The other comprehensive gain (loss) in relation to defined benefits plans represents net deferred gains and losses and prior service costs and credits for the defined benefit pension plans. 

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Subsequent changes in fair value of these financial assets and liabilities are recognized in earnings or other comprehensive loss when they occur. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.

The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

• Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted price in active markets for identical assets or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially full term of assets or liabilities.

• Level 3 - Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from subscription fees and professional services fees. Revenues are recognized when control of these services are transferred to the Company’s customers in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenues are recognized net of applicable taxes imposed on the related transaction. The Company’s revenue recognition policy follows guidance from Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five-step framework:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

9

Subscription Revenues

The Company offers subscriptions to its cloud-based business spend management platform, including procurement, invoicing and expense management. Subscription revenues consist primarily of fees to provide the Company’s customers access to its cloud-based platform, which includes routine customer support. Subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software, are non-cancelable, and do not contain general rights of return. Generally, subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement, beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Subscription contracts typically have a term of three years with invoicing occurring in annual installments at the beginning of each year in the subscription period. Subscription revenues also include fees to provide support and updates to legacy Exari customers. The support and update revenues associated with these customers are recognized ratably over the contract term.

Professional Services Revenues and Other

The Company offers professional services which primarily include deployment services, optimization services, and training. Professional services are generally sold on a fixed-fee or time-and-materials basis. For services billed on a fixed-fee basis, invoicing typically occurs in advance, and revenue is recognized over time based on the proportion performed. For services billed on a time-and-materials basis, revenue is recognized over time as services are performed.

Refer to Note 14, “Significant Customers and Geographic Information” for additional information on disaggregated revenue during the period.

Significant Judgments

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. Subscription and professional services are both distinct performance obligations that are accounted for separately. In contracts with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis.

The determination of standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation requires judgment. The Company determines SSP for performance obligations based on overall pricing objectives, which take into consideration market conditions and entity-specific factors. This includes a review of historical data related to the size of arrangements, the cloud applications being sold, customer demographics and the numbers and types of users within the arrangements. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for performance obligations. There is typically more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by considerations such as size and type of customer.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing for contracts with customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition. Subscription and fixed-fee professional services arrangements are commonly billed in advance, recognized as deferred revenue, and then amortized into revenue over time. However, other professional services arrangements, primarily those recognized on a time-and-materials basis, are billed in arrears following services that have been rendered. This may result in revenue recognition greater than invoiced amounts which results in a receivable balance. Receivables represent an unconditional right to payment. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the balance of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, was $90.3 million and $118.5 million, respectively. Of these balances, $5.6 million and $6.1 million represent short-term unbilled receivable amounts as of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the Company had long-term unbilled receivables of approximately $310,000 and $350,000, respectively, which were included in Other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

When the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company uses judgment to determine whether the contract includes a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price. Various factors are considered in this determination including the duration of the contract, payment terms, and other circumstances. Generally, the Company determined that contracts do not include a significant financing component. The Company applies the practical expedient for instances where, at contract inception, the expected timing difference between when promised goods or services are transferred and associated payment will be one year or less. Payment terms vary by contract type, however arrangements typically stipulate a requirement for the customer to pay within 30 days.

10

At any point in the contract term, the transaction price may be allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or are partially unsatisfied. These amounts relate to remaining performance obligations on non-cancelable contracts which include both the deferred revenue balance and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. As of April 30, 2020, approximately $701.8 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations, a majority of which is related to multi-year subscription arrangements. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately three-fourths of these remaining performance obligations within the next 24 months and the remainder thereafter. The Company applies the practical expedient to exclude remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. During the three months ended April 30, 2020, the revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was approximately $3.4 million.  

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Losses

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business and does not require cash collateral or other security to support the collection of customer receivables. The Company estimates the amount of uncollectible accounts receivable at the end of each reporting period and provides a reserve when needed based on an assessment of various factors including the aging of the receivable balance, historical experience, and expectations of forward-looking loss estimates. When developing the expectations of forward-looking loss estimates, the Company take into consideration forecasts of future economic conditions, information about past events, such as historical trends of write-offs, and customer-specific circumstances, such as bankruptcies and disputes. Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible. The allowances for doubtful accounts and credit losses were approximately $1.3 million as of April 30, 2020 and not material as of January 31, 2020.    

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of financial instruments such as U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency obligations, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, asset backed securities and certificates of deposit. The Company classifies marketable securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. All marketable securities are recorded at estimated fair value. Credit losses related to the marketable securities are recorded in interest income and other, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. Any remaining unrealized losses, or any unrealized gains, for marketable securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity.

If quoted prices for identical instruments are available in an active market, marketable securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets are not available, fair values are estimated using quoted prices of similar instruments and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of customer billings or payments received in advance of the recognition of revenue and is recognized as revenue as the revenue recognition criteria are met. The Company generally invoices its customers annually for the forthcoming year of service. Accordingly, the Company’s deferred revenue balance does not include revenue for future years of multiple year non-cancellable contracts that have not yet been billed. During the three months ended April 30, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $83.3 million that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 31, 2020.  

Deferred Commissions

Commissions are earned by sales personnel upon the execution of the sales contract by the customer, and commission payments are made shortly after they are earned. Commission costs can be associated specifically with subscription and professional services arrangements. Commissions earned by the Company’s sales personnel are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and then amortized over a period of benefit of five years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its past experience with customers, future cash flows expected from customers, industry peers and other available information.  

The Company capitalized commission costs of $2.0 million and $3.8 million and amortized $3.2 million and $2.0 million to sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.     

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Leases

Leases arise from contracts which convey the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leasing arrangements are primarily for office space used to conduct operations.

Leases are classified at commencement as either operating or finance leases. As of April 30, 2020, all of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. Rent expense for operating leases is recognized using the straight-line method over the term of the agreement beginning on the lease commencement date.

At commencement, the Company records a lease liability at the present value of future lease payments, net of any future lease incentives to be received. Lease agreements may include options to renew the lease term, which is not included in the lease periods to calculate future lease payments unless it is reasonably certain the Company will renew the lease. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. In determining the appropriate IBR, the Company considers information including, but not limited to, the lease term and the currency in which the arrangement is denominated.

At commencement, the Company also records a corresponding right-of-use asset, which is calculated based on the amount of the lease liability, adjusted for any advance lease payments made and initial direct costs incurred. Right-of-use assets are subject to evaluation for impairment or disposal on a basis consistent with other long-lived assets.

As of April 30, 2020, the Company was not a lessor in leasing arrangements or a party to any sublease arrangements.

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, including trade receivables. ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model that requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard on February 1, 2020, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.   

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The standard simplifies the accounting for incomes taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The standard also clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The standard also improves consistent application of and simplifies GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The amendment is effective for fiscal years, and interim period within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this standard on February 1, 2020, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, which amends FASB ASC Topic 715, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The amendments in this guidance modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments in this guidance remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and method of adoption and the related impact of ASU No. 2018-14 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Note 3. Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of available-for-sale marketable securities, excluding those securities classified within cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

	April 30, 2020
	Amortized Costs		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	273,635	$	1,734	$	—		$	275,369
Corporate notes and bonds		120,234		559		(60	)		120,733
Asset backed securities		5,014		21		—			5,035
U.S. agency obligations		5,001		—		(2	)		4,999
Certificates of deposit		3,838		—		—			3,838
Total marketable securities	$	407,722	$	2,314	$	(62	)	$	409,974

	January 31, 2020
	Amortized Costs		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	306,871	$	324	$	—	$	307,195
Corporate notes and bonds		155,751		272		—		156,023
Commercial paper		15,977		—		—		15,977
Asset backed securities		15,501		17		—		15,518
Certificates of deposit		4,447		—		—		4,447
Total marketable securities	$	498,547	$	613	$	—	$	499,160

As of April 30, 2020, the fair values of available-for-sale marketable securities, by remaining contractual maturity, were as follows (in thousands):

Due within one year	$	331,806
Due in one year through five years	78,168
Total	$	409,974

The Company's marketable securities consist primarily of US Treasury securities and high credit quality corporate notes and bonds. As the Company views its marketable securities as available to support its current operations, it has classified all available for sale securities as short-term.

The Company regularly reviews the changes to the rating of its debt securities by rating agencies as well as reasonably monitors the surrounding economic conditions to assess the risk of expected credit losses. As of April 30, 2020, the unrealized losses and the related risk of expected credit losses was insignificant.

Note 4. Business Combinations

Yapta, Inc.

On December 13, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Yapta, Inc., (“Yapta”). Yapta developed technology that enables the Company to offer price assurance capabilities that dynamically track prices on airline and hotel reservations and instantly rebooks them at the lowest available price, without impacting the traveler experience. The purchase consideration comprised of approximately $98.7 million in cash and $12.5 million in cash contingent on the achievement of Yapta’s revenues target during the twelve months starting from the transaction closing date. Approximately $9.8 million of the purchase consideration is being held in escrow for fifteen months after the transaction closing day.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and, accordingly, the total fair value of purchase consideration was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values on the acquisition date. The contingent cash consideration was classified as a liability and included in other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet, subject to measurement on a recurring basis at fair value. The valuation of the contingent consideration was determined based on the probable achievement of Yapta’s revenues target within a specified time period from the transaction date. As of the acquisition date and January 31, 2020, the fair value of the contingent consideration payable was determined to be $12.5 million. For the three months ended April 30, 2020, Yapta did not achieve the initially forecasted revenues, largely caused by the reduced business

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travel activity arising from the pandemic related to the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”). As of April 30, 2020, the Company estimated that Yapta will not be able to achieve the revenues target during the measurement period of twelve months starting from the transaction closing date. As a result, the fair value of the contingent consideration was determined to be zero as of April 30, 2020, resulting in a reversal of $12.5 million of contingent liabilities with an offset to general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2020. The Company will continue to track Yapta’s revenues and evaluate the fair value of the contingent consideration during the remaining revenues target measurement period.

The major classes of assets and liabilities to which the Company has allocated the total fair value of purchase consideration of $111.2 million were as follows (in thousands):

	December 13, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	333
Accounts receivable		3,700
Intangible assets		39,710
Other assets		1,648
Goodwill		70,694
Deferred tax liability, net		(2,347	)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(2,554	)
Total consideration	$	111,184

The purchase price allocation is preliminary. The Company continues to collect information with regards to its estimates and assumptions, including potential liabilities and contingencies. The Company will record adjustments to the fair value of the net assets acquired and goodwill within the measurement period, if necessary. The goodwill recognized was primarily attributed to increased synergies that are expected to be achieved from the integration of Yapta and is not deductible for income tax purposes. The Company determined the fair values of intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the assistance of third-party valuation consultants. Based on this valuation, the intangible assets acquired were (in thousands):  

	Fair Value		Useful life (in Years)
Developed technology	$	31,300	4
Customer relationships		8,300	5
Trademarks		110	0.5
Total intangible assets	$	39,710

The Company incurred costs related to this acquisition of approximately $0.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2020. All acquisition related costs were expensed as incurred and have been recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The revenue and earnings of the acquired business have been included in the Company’s results since the acquisition date and are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial results. Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition have not been presented as the financial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements would be immaterial.

Exari Group, Inc.

On May 6, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Exari Group, Inc. (“Exari”) for consideration of approximately $214.6 million in cash. The acquisition extends the Company’s BSM platform with advanced contract lifecycle management capabilities to enable companies to comprehensively manage their contract lifecycle and operationalize their contracts against spend transactions.

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The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and, accordingly, the total fair value of purchase consideration was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values on the acquisition date. The major classes of assets and liabilities to which the Company has allocated the fair value of purchase consideration were as follows (in thousands):

	May 6, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,337
Accounts receivable		7,863
Intangible assets		57,000
Other assets		5,646
Goodwill		163,170
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		(6,232	)
Deferred revenue		(4,443	)
Deferred tax liability, net		(11,046	)
Other non-current liabilities		(3,679	)
Total consideration	$	214,616

The goodwill recognized was primarily attributed to increased synergies that are expected to be achieved from the integration of Exari and is partially deductible for income tax purposes. The Company determined the fair values of intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the assistance of third-party valuation consultants. Based on this valuation, the intangible assets acquired were (in thousands):  

	Fair Value		Useful life (in Years)
Developed technology	$	45,400	3 to 5
Customer relationships		11,100	5
Trademarks		500	1
Total intangible assets	$	57,000

The Company incurred costs related to this acquisition of approximately $2.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2020. All acquisition related costs were expensed as incurred and have been recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

The following table summarizes the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at April 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:(1)
Money market funds	$	177,344	$	—	$	—	$	177,344
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury securities		—		275,369		—		275,369
Corporate notes and bonds		—		120,733		—		120,733
Asset backed securities		—		5,035		—		5,035
U.S. agency obligations		—		4,999		—		4,999
Certificate of deposit		—		3,838		—		3,838
Total assets	$	177,344	$	409,974	$	—	$	587,318

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents.

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The following table summarizes the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at January 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:(1)
Money market funds	$	120,242	$	—	$	—	$	120,242
Corporate notes and bonds		—		2,011		—		2,011
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury securities		—		307,195		—		307,195
Corporate notes and bonds		—		156,023		—		156,023
Commercial paper		—		15,977		—		15,977
Asset backed securities		—		15,518		—		15,518
Certificates of deposit		—		4,447		—		4,447
Total assets	$	120,242	$	501,171	$	—	$	621,413
Other liabilities:
Contingent consideration payable	$	—	$	—	$	12,500	$	12,500
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,500	$	12,500

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents.

The contingent consideration payable of $12.5 million as of January 31, 2020 represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with the acquisition of Yapta that is contingent upon the achievement of Yapta’s revenues target during the twelve months from the transaction closing day. As of April 30, 2020, the contingent consideration payable of $12.5 million was reversed as a result of a reassessment of the fair value. Refer to Note 4, “Business Combinations”, for further details on the contingent consideration.

The Company has $805.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.125% convertible senior notes due in 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and $138.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.375% convertible senior notes due in 2023 (the “2023 Notes” and together with the 2025 Notes, the “Convertible Notes”), outstanding as of April 30, 2020. Refer to Note 9, “Convertible Senior Notes” for further details on the Convertible Notes.

The Company carries the Convertible Notes at par value less the portion allocated to equity and the related unamortized discount and issuance costs on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and presents the fair value for disclosure purposes only. The estimated fair value of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, based on a market approach as of April 30, 2020 was approximately $1,027.6 million and $546.0 million, respectively, which represents a Level 2 valuation. The estimated fair value of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, based on a market approach as of January 31, 2020 was approximately $1,015.3 million and $858.3 million, respectively, which represents a Level 2 valuation. The estimated fair value was determined based on the estimated or actual bids and offers of the Convertible Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trade completed prior to the end of the period.

Note 6. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	April 30,			January 31,
	2020			2020
Furniture and equipment	$	7,892		$	6,767
Software development costs		35,947			33,326
Leasehold improvements		1,873			1,880
Construction in progress		471			45
Total property and equipment		46,183			42,018
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(25,143	)		(23,216	)
Property and equipment, net	$	21,040		$	18,802

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment, excluding software development costs, was approximately $552,000 and $339,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Amortization expense related to software development costs was approximately $1.4 million and $657,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following tables represent the changes in goodwill (in thousands):

Balance at January 31, 2020	$	442,112
Adjustment		974
Balance at April 30, 2020	$	443,086

Other Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the other intangible assets balances (in thousands):

			As of
			April 30, 2020							January 31, 2020
	Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives (in Years)		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology		3.6	$	125,135	$	(33,650	)	$	91,485	$	125,135	$	(26,840	)	$	98,295
Customer relationships		3.9		38,294		(9,991	)		28,303		38,294		(8,061	)		30,233
Trademarks		0.1		955		(948	)		7		955		(823	)		132
Total other intangible assets			$	164,384	$	(44,589	)	$	119,795	$	164,384	$	(35,724	)	$	128,660

Amortization expense related to other intangible assets was approximately $8.9 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

As of April 30, 2020, the future amortization expense of other intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending January 31,
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	26,228
2022		34,538
2023		29,985
2024		23,868
2025		5,176
Thereafter		—
Total	$	119,795

Note 8. Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. The holders of the common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”), subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. No dividends have been declared or paid since inception.

Preferred Stock 

As of April 30, 2020, the Company had authorized 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, of which no shares were issued and outstanding.

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2016 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) was approved by the Company’s stockholders in September 2016. The 2016 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and performance cash awards. Awards could be granted under the 2016 Plan beginning on the effective date of the registration statement, October 5, 2016. The 2016 Plan replaced the Company’s 2006 Stock Plan; however, awards outstanding under the 2006 Stock Plan will continue to be governed by their existing terms.

As of April 30, 2020, the Company had 10,051,349 shares of its common stock available for future issuance under the 2016 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan will automatically increase on the first day of each fiscal year during the term of the 2016 Plan by a number of shares equal to 5% of its outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the prior fiscal year. The number and class of shares reserved under the Company’s 2016 Plan will be adjusted in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other changes in its capitalization.

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s 2006 Stock Plan and the 2016 Plan during the three months ended April 30, 2020 (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):

	Options Outstanding
	Outstanding Stock Options			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance at January 31, 2020		4,233,435		$	17.28		6.36	$	609,061
Option grants		—			—		—		—
Options exercised		(404,858	)	$	7.97		—		—
Options forfeited		(4,011	)	$	12.52		—		—
Balance at April 30, 2020		3,824,566		$	18.27		6.19	$	603,589
Exercisable at April 30, 2020		3,075,574		$	11.44		5.83	$	506,393

(1) The above table includes 878,869 stock options with market and service based conditions.

The options exercisable as of April 30, 2020 include options that can be exercised prior to vesting. The aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and exercisable as of April 30, 2020 is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of April 30, 2020. The aggregate intrinsic value of exercised options was $59.5 million and $76.8 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of the exercise date.

No options were granted during the three months ended April 30, 2020. For the three months ended April 30, 2019, the weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted was $41.81 per share. The total grant date fair value of options vested was $1.5 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s RSUs during the three months ended April 30, 2020:

	Number of RSUs Outstanding			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Awarded and unvested at January 31, 2020		2,830,782		$	70.90
Awards granted		922,039		$	146.26
Awards vested		(298,155	)	$	55.06
Awards forfeited		(55,192	)	$	79.11
Awarded and unvested at April 30, 2020		3,399,474		$	92.60

(1) The above table includes 100,178 restricted share units with market and service based conditions.

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Market-based Options and Awards

In September 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company granted 544,127 stock options to the Chief Executive Officer (the “2016 CEO Grant”) under the 2006 Stock Plan with an exercise price of $13.04 per share. The 2016 CEO Grant is eligible to vest based on the achievement of market capital appreciation targets after the consummation of the initial public offering, as well as continuous service over a four-year period following the grant date. In March 2018, the Board of Directors granted 334,742 stock options to the Chief Executive Officer (the “2018 CEO Grant”) under the 2016 Equity Plan with an exercise price of $48.47 per share. The 2018 CEO Grant is eligible to vest based on the achievement of a stock price appreciation target as well as continuous service over a four-year period following the grant date. The fair values of the 2016 and 2018 CEO Grants were determined using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The Company amortizes the fair value of the option awards using the graded-vesting method.

In March 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company granted market-based restricted stock unit awards (the “2020 PSU Grant”) to certain members of management. The target number of market-based restricted stock unit awards granted was 100,178. The number of shares that could be earned will range from 0% to 200% of the target number of shares, based on the relative growth of the per share price of the Company’s common stock as compared to the NASDAQ Composite Index over the three-year performance period ending on the third anniversary of the date of grant and subject to continuous employment through such date. The fair value of the 2020 PSU Grant was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The Company amortizes the fair value of the 2020 PSU Grant using the straight-line method over the three-year performance term.

As of April 30, 2020, all market-based milestones of the 2016 CEO Grant were achieved, resulting in 487,447 shares being vested and exercisable. As of April 30, 2020, the market-based milestone was not achieved on the 2018 CEO Grant or the 2020 PSU Grant, resulting in no shares being vested and exercisable. Stock-based compensation expense recognized for market-based awards was approximately $1.0 million and $410,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.   

2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Board of Directors adopted the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) in September 2016 and it has been approved by the Company’s stockholders. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions and is intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code.

As of April 30, 2020, the Company had 1,860,302 shares of its common stock available for future issuance under the ESPP. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase on the first day of each fiscal year during the term of the ESPP by a number of shares equal to the least of (i) 1% of its outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the prior fiscal year, (ii) 1,250,000 shares or (iii) a lesser number of shares determined by the Board of Directors. The number and class of shares reserved under the ESPP will be adjusted in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other changes in its capitalization.

Each offering period will last a number of months determined by the administrator, up to a maximum of 27 months. The initial offering period began on the effective date of the Company’s initial public offering, October 5, 2016, and ended on September 15, 2018, and new 24 month offering periods will begin on each March 16 and September 16 thereafter. Currently, each offering period consists of four consecutive purchase periods, of approximately six months duration, at the end of which payroll contributions are used to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Participants may purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions, up to a maximum of 15% of their eligible compensation. Participants may withdraw from the ESPP and receive a refund of their accumulated payroll contributions at any time prior to a purchase date. Unless changed by the administrator, the purchase price for each share of common stock purchased under the ESPP will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value per share on the first day of the applicable offering period or the fair market value per share on the applicable purchase date.

As of April 30, 2020, 1,267,131 shares of common stock were purchased under the 2016 ESPP. The Company selected the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as the method for determining the estimated fair value for the Company’s 2016 ESPP. As of April 30, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to the 2016 ESPP was $9.2 million which will be amortized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.5 years.

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Stock-based Compensation

The Company’s total stock-based compensation expense as of the dates indicated was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	$	2,158	$	1,388
Professional services and other		2,412		1,445
Research and development		6,124		4,048
Sales and marketing		7,513		4,839
General and administrative		5,990		5,125
Total	$	24,197	$	16,845

Stock-based compensation capitalized in capitalized software development costs was approximately $2.4 million and $1.2 million at April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of April 30, 2020, there was approximately $9.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted to employees under the Company’s 2006 Stock Plan and 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. This unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted-average amortization period of approximately 2.0 years.

As of April 30, 2020, there was approximately $295.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units granted to employees under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. This unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted-average amortization period of approximately 2.7 years.

The fair values of the Company’s stock options granted during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 were estimated using the following assumptions:

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Employee Stock Options:
Expected term (in years)	—			6.0
Volatility	—		42.7%
Risk-free interest rate	—		2.4%
Dividend yield	—		—
Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
Expected term (in years)	0.5 - 2.0		0.5 - 2.0
Volatility	48.6% - 54.8%		45.5% - 65.9%
Risk-free interest rate	0.3% - 0.4%		2.4% - 2.5%
Dividend yield	—		—
Market-based Award
Expected term (in years)		3.0	—
Volatility	48.4%		—
Risk-free interest rate	0.4%		—
Dividend yield	—		—

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These assumptions and estimates are as follows:

• Fair Value of Common Stock. The Company used the publicly quoted price as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market as the fair value of its common stock.

• Expected Term. The expected term represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. To determine the expected term for employee stock options, the Company generally applies the simplified approach in which the expected term of an award is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and the expiration date of the award as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis for an estimate of expected term. The expected term for the employee stock purchase plan ranges from six months, the length of one purchase period, to two years, the length of one offering period. The market-based awards have a three-year expected term.

• Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities approximately equal to the term of employee stock option or market-based awards.

• Expected Volatility. The Company uses its own sufficient historical trading prices to calculate the expected volatility in determining the fair value of the shares granted under the ESPP and market-based awards. The Company uses its own historical volatility in combination with publicly traded peers’ volatility to determine the expected volatility of stock options. In considering peer companies, characteristics such as industry, stage of development, size and financial leverage were considered.

Note 9. Convertible Senior Notes

2025 Notes

In June 2019, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain counterparties relating to the Company’s sale of $805.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 0.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 to the counterparties in a private placement in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and for initial resale by the Initial Purchasers to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The 2025 Notes consisted of a $700.0 million initial placement and an overallotment option that provided the initial purchasers of the 2025 Notes with the option to purchase an additional $105.0 million of the 2025 Notes, which was exercised in full by the counterparties prior to the 2025 Notes issuance. On June 11, 2019, for a total of $805.0 million, the 2025 Notes were issued in accordance with an Indenture (the “Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee.

The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2025 Notes were $667.4 million, net of debt issuance costs, including the underwriting discount and the cash used to purchase the capped call, discussed below.

The 2025 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company, and interest is payable semi-annually in cash at a rate of 0.125% per annum on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2019. The 2025 Notes will mature on June 15, 2025 unless redeemed, repurchased or converted prior to such date. Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 15, 2025, the 2025 Notes are convertible at the option of holders during certain periods, upon satisfaction of certain conditions. On or after March 15, 2025, the 2025 Notes are convertible at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. The 2025 Notes will have an initial conversion rate of 6.2658 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $159.60 per share of its common stock). The conversion rate is subject to customary adjustments for certain events as described in the Indenture. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election. It is the Company’s current intent to settle conversions of the 2025 Notes through combination settlement, which involves repayment of the principal portion in cash and any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount in shares of its common stock.

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Holders may convert their 2025 Notes, at their option, prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 15, 2025, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances:

• during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on July 31, 2019 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of its common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

• during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “Measurement Period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Notes for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sales price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

• after the Company’s issuance of a notice of redemption and prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

• upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as defined in the Indenture.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change, as described in the Indenture, subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2025 Notes. The fundamental change repurchase price is equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. If holders elect to convert their 2025 Notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or during a redemption period, as described in the Indenture, the Company will, to the extent provided in the Indenture, increase the conversion rate applicable to the 2025 Notes.

The 2025 Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of its indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2025 Notes, and equal in right of payment to any of its indebtedness that is not so subordinated. The 2025 Notes are effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) and any preferred equity of its current or future subsidiaries.

The Indenture contains customary events of default with respect to the 2025 Notes and provides that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, the Trustee may, and the Trustee at the request of holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the 2025 Notes shall declare all principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, of the 2025 Notes to be due and payable. In case of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, involving the Company, all of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the 2025 Notes will automatically become due and payable.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2025 Notes, the Company separated the 2025 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature using a discounted cash flow model with a discount rate determined using observable yields for stand-alone debt instruments with a comparable credit rating and term. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2025 Notes as a whole. The difference between the principal amount of the 2025 Notes and the liability component, equal to $252.9 million (the “debt discount”), is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2025 Notes. The equity component of the 2025 Notes will not be remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

The Company incurred $18.8 million of transaction costs related to the issuance of the 2025 Notes. The Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 2025 Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2025 Notes using the effective interest method, and issuance costs attributable to the equity component are included along with the equity component in stockholders' equity.

The 2025 Notes were not convertible at April 30, 2020, as none of the 2025 Notes conversion conditions were met.

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2023 Notes

In January 2018, the Company issued 2023 Notes in aggregate principal amount of $230.0 million in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes are $200.4 million, net of debt issuance costs, including the underwriting discount and the cash used to purchase the capped call, discussed below. The 2023 Notes have an initial conversion rate of 22.4685 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $44.5068 per share of its common stock). The interest rate is fixed at 0.375% per annum for the 2023 Notes and is payable semi-annually in arrears on July 15 and January 15 of each year, which commenced on July 15, 2018. Refer to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended January 31, 2019 for details of the issuance of 2023 Notes.

For more than twenty trading days during the thirty consecutive trading days ended April 30, 2020, the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the 2023 Notes. As a result, the 2023 Notes were convertible at the option of the holders and remained classified as current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2020.

The conversion condition for the 2023 Notes was initially met during the three months ended April 30, 2019, and has been met for each subsequent fiscal quarter. Through April 30 2020, the Company received conversion requests on the principal amount of the 2023 Notes totaling approximately $96.0 million, out of which approximately $92.0 million on the principal amount was settled during the quarter ended April 30, 2020 by paying cash for the principal amount of $92.0 million and issuing approximately 1.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock, bearing a fair value of approximately $203.4 million. During the quarter ended April 30, 2020, the Company recognized a gain on conversion of the convertible senior notes of approximately $2.6 million representing the net carrying amount in excess of the fair value of the liability component of the converted notes on the respective settlement dates. The amount is included in interest income and other, net in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

In relation to the $4.0 million principal amount of unsettled conversion requests, as of April 30, 2020, the Company reclassified a portion of the equity of approximately $752,000, representing the difference between the principal and net carrying amount of the notes requested for conversion, into temporary equity, as these requests will be settled during the subsequent quarter. In addition, from May 1, 2020 to the date of this filing, the Company has received additional conversion requests for $28.9 million principal amount, which are expected to be settled during the quarter ending July 31, 2020.

The 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of						As of
	April 30, 2020						January 31, 2020
	2025 Notes			2023 Notes			2025 Notes			2023 Notes
Liability:
Principal	$	805,000		$	137,953		$	805,000		$	230,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs (1)		(233,103	)		(23,788	)		(242,388	)		(42,885	)
Net carrying amount	$	571,897		$	114,165		$	562,612		$	187,115
Carrying amount of the equity component (2)	$	246,967		$	41,441		$	246,967		$	60,470

(1) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within Convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining lives of the Notes. The 2025 Notes are classified as long-term liabilities and the 2023 Notes are classified as current liabilities.

(2) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within additional paid-in capital and temporary equity.

The effective interest rates of the liability component of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, excluding each notes conversions options, is 7.05% and 7.66%, respectively. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 2025 Notes exceeded the principal amount by $83.2 million and $7.8 million, respectively. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 2023 Notes exceeded the principal amount by $407.9 million and $602.8 million, respectively.

During the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $11.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of interest expense related to the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, and $400,000 and $200,000, respectively, of coupon interest expense.     

As of April 30, 2020, the remaining life of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes is approximately 5.1 years and 2.7 years, respectively.

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Capped Calls

In conjunction with the issuance of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, the Company entered into capped call transactions (the “Capped Calls”) on the Company’s stock with certain counterparties at a price of $118.7 million and $23.3 million, respectively.

The Capped Calls exercise price is equal to the initial conversion price of each of the Convertible Notes, and the cap price is $295.55 per share for 2025 Notes and $63.821 per share for 2023 Notes, both subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call transactions. If either convertible notes conversion option is exercised, the corresponding convertible note capped call will become exercisable on the same date. As of the date of filing, the Company has not exercised the Capped Calls.

By entering into the Capped Calls, the Company expects to reduce the potential dilution to its common stock (or, in the event the conversion is settled in cash, to reduce its cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion its stock price exceeds the conversion price.

The cost of the Capped Calls is not expected to be tax-deductible as the Company did not elect to integrate the Capped Calls into the respective convertible notes for tax purposes. The cost of the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction of the Company’s additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

The Company leases office space under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through July 2027. For the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, lease costs in relation to long-term leases were approximately $2.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. For the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, short-term leases costs were approximately $300,000 and $400,000, respectively. Variable lease costs were immaterial for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019. Certain lease agreements include options to renew or terminate the lease, which are not reasonably certain to be exercised and therefore are not factored into the determination of lease payments or the lease right-of-use asset/lease liability.

For the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, cash paid for operating lease liabilities was approximately $2.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively. For the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, right-of-use assets obtained in exchange of lease obligations was approximately $125,000 and $1.1 million, respectively. As of April 30, 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 4.0 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 6.36%.

Additionally, the Company has current contractual purchase obligations for hosting services that support business operations. As of April 30, 2020, the remaining maturities of operating lease liabilities and future purchase obligations are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending January 31,	Operating Lease Obligations			Future Purchase Obligations of Hosting Services
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	7,453		$	7,294
2022		9,108			14,121
2023		8,165			15,000
2024		7,262			2,500
2025		2,661			—
Thereafter		917			—
Total payments		35,566		$	38,915
Less imputed interest		(4,046	)
Total	$	31,520

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Contingencies

The Company may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. The Company accrues estimates for resolution of legal and other contingencies when losses are probable and estimable. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Warranties and Indemnifications

The Company’s cloud-based software platform and applications are typically warranted against material decreases in functionality and to perform in a manner consistent with general industry standards and in accordance with the Company’s online documentation under normal use and circumstances.

The Company includes service level commitments to its customers, typically regarding certain levels of uptime reliability and performance and if the Company fails to meet those levels, customers can receive credits and in some cases, terminate their relationship with the Company. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such commitments.

The Company generally agrees to defend and indemnify its customers against legal claims that the Company’s platform infringes patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties. To date, the Company has not been required to make any payment resulting from such infringement claims and has not recorded any related liabilities. In addition, the Company has indemnification agreements with its directors and certain of its officers that require the Company to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs, and not accrued any liabilities in its condensed consolidated financial statements, as a result of these obligations.

Note 11. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to federal and various state income taxes in the United States as well as income taxes in foreign jurisdictions in which it conducts business. The Company does not provide for federal income taxes on the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as such earnings are reinvested indefinitely.

The Company recorded a tax provision of approximately $229,000 and $410,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, representing effective tax rates of (1.57%) and (2.04%), respectively.  

The difference between the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% and the Company's effective tax rate in all periods presented is primarily due to a full valuation allowance related to the Company's U.S. deferred tax assets and foreign expense on the Company's profitable jurisdictions.  

The Company's material income tax jurisdictions are the United States (federal) and California. As a result of net operating loss carryforwards, the Company is subject to audits for tax years 2006 and onward for federal purposes and 2009 and onward for California purposes. There are tax years which remain subject to examination in various other state and foreign jurisdictions that are not material to the Company's financial statements.

On March 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES” Act). The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses, temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, temporary suspension of certain payment requirements for the employer portion of Social Security taxes, technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of certain qualified improvement property, and the creation of certain refundable employee retention credits. The Company does not expect there to be a significant tax impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements at this time, and will continue to assess the implications of the CARES Act and its continuing developments and interpretations.            

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Note 12. Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities as they do not share in losses. During periods when the Company is in a net loss position, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive given the net loss of the Company.

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(14,816	)	$	(20,468	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		65,468			60,785
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders,    basic and diluted	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.34	)

Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	As of April 30,
	2020		2019
Options to purchase common stock		3,824,566		6,097,917
RSUs		3,399,474		3,582,499
Unvested common shares subject to repurchase		66,450		161,651
Shares committed under the ESPP		30,751		30,913
Contingent stock consideration for DCR acquisition		377,138		377,138
Holdback shares for Aquiire acquisition		—		37,570
Total		7,698,379		10,287,688

Additionally, approximately 5.0 million and 3.1 million shares underlying the conversion option in the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, respectively, are not considered in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. These number of shares are subject to adjustment up to approximately 6.8 million and 4.1 million shares for the 2025 and 2023 Notes, respectively, if certain corporate events occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company issues a notice of redemption. The Company uses the treasury stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, if applicable. During the three months ended April 30, 2020, the average market price of the Company’s common stock exceeded the conversion price of the 2023 Notes of $44.51 per share and did not exceed the conversion price of the 2025 Notes of $159.60 per share.

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Note 13. Business Segment Information

The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The CEO reviews the financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating the Company’s financial performance. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates in a single reporting segment: cloud platform.

Note 14. Significant Customers and Geographic Information

No customer balance comprised 10% or more of total accounts receivable at April 30, 2020 or January 31, 2020.

During the three months ended April 30, 2020 and April 30, 2019, revenues by geographic area, based on billing addresses of the customers, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
United States	$	78,716	$	50,780
Foreign countries		40,498		30,564
Total revenues	$	119,214	$	81,344

No single foreign country represented more than 10% of the Company’s revenues in any period. Additionally, no single customer represented more than 10% of the Company’s revenues in any period.

Note 15. Related Parties

Morgan Stanley was a counterparty to certain capped call transactions with the Company, an initial purchaser in the offering of the 2025 Notes and the 2023 Notes, a customer of the Company, and held more than 10% of the Company’s voting common stock during the quarter ended April 30, 2020. In June 2019 and January 2018, the Company paid fees of approximately $29.7 million and $7.0 million to Morgan Stanley who was one of the counterparties to the capped calls that the Company purchased in connection with the issuance of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, respectively. Morgan Stanley also earned fees of $8.0 million and $2.8 million for acting as an initial purchaser of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, respectively. As of and for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, the receivables balance and the Company’s revenue recognized from this customer were not material.           

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As discussed in the section titled “Note About Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, impacts on our business and general economic conditions due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, those identified below, those discussed in “Note About Forward-Looking Statements” and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part II, Item 1A in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

We are a leading provider of business spend management (“BSM”) solutions, with a comprehensive, cloud-based platform that connects our customers with more than five million suppliers globally.

Our platform provides greater visibility into and control over how companies spend money. Using our platform, businesses are able to achieve real, measurable value and savings that drive their profitability; we call this “Value as a Service.” We refer to the process companies use to purchase goods and services as business spend management and to the money that they manage with this process as spend under management. We offer a comprehensive, cloud-based BSM platform that is tightly integrated and delivers a broad range of capabilities that would otherwise require the purchase and use of multiple disparate point applications. The core of our platform consists of procurement, invoicing and expense management modules that form our transactional engine and capture a company’s spend. In addition, our platform offers supporting modules to help companies further manage their spend, including strategic sourcing, spend analysis, contract management, supplier management, contingent workforce, inventory management, and our newly released Coupa Pay module. We also offer a purchasing program, Coupa Advantage, that leverages the collective buying power of Coupa customers, and we provide benchmarking and insights to customers on our BSM platform through a solution we refer to as Community Intelligence. Moreover, through our Coupa Open Business Network, suppliers of all sizes can easily interact with buyers electronically, thus significantly reducing paper, improving operating efficiencies and reducing costs.

We offer access to our platform under a Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) business model. At the time of initial deployment, our customers often make a set of common functions available to the majority of their licensed employees, as well as incremental modules for select employees and procurement specialists, whom we refer to as power users. Therefore, we are typically able to capture a majority of the expected annual recurring revenue opportunity at the inception of our customer relationships, rather than targeting specific power users at the outset of the customer relationship with the intention of expanding and getting more annual recurring revenue at later stages of the customer relationship. Customers can rapidly implement our platform, with implementation periods typically ranging from a few weeks to several months. Customers also benefit from software updates that typically require little downtime.

We market and sell our solutions to a broad range of enterprises worldwide. We have a diverse, multi-national customer base spanning various sizes and industries and no significant customer concentration. No customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

We market our platform primarily through a direct sales force and also benefit from leads driven by our partner ecosystem. Our initial contract terms are typically three years, although some customers commit for longer or shorter periods. Substantially all of our customers pay annually, one year in advance. Our subscription fee includes access to our service, technical support and management of the hosting infrastructure. We generally recognize revenues from our subscription fees ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement. We do not charge suppliers who are on our platform to transact with our customers. We believe this approach helps attract more suppliers to our platform and increases the value of our platform to customers.

We have continued to make significant expenditures and investments for long-term growth, including investment in our platform and infrastructure to deliver new functionality and modules to meet the evolving needs of our customers and to take advantage of our market opportunity. We intend to continue to increase our investment in sales and marketing, as we further expand our sales teams, increase our marketing activities, and grow our international operations. Internationally, we currently offer our platform in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, Latin America and Asia-Pacific, including Japan. The combined revenues from non-U.S. regions, as determined based on the billing address of our customers, constituted 34% and 38% of our total revenues for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We believe there is opportunity to increase our international revenues in absolute dollars and as a percentage of our total revenues. As a result, we are increasingly investing in our international operations and we intend to expand our footprint in international markets.

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Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks that are different from those in the United States. While we are gaining additional experience with international operations, our international expansion efforts may not be successful in creating additional demand for our platform outside of the United States or in effectively selling subscriptions to our platform in any or all of the international markets we enter.

A novel strain of the coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) first identified in China in late 2019 has spread globally and resulted in the imposition of numerous unprecedented measures to try to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, shut downs, quarantines, shelter-in-place and social distancing orders. In March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the COVID-19 as a pandemic. As of the filing date, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our financial condition or results of operations remains uncertain. While our revenues, billings and earnings are relatively predictable as a result of our subscription-based business model, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the seasonality we historically experience, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations and overall financial performance until future periods, if at all. Also, we may experience decreased customer demand, reduced customer spend, shorter contract duration, longer sales cycles and extended payment terms that could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods. The extent and continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak; government responses to the pandemic; impact on our customers and our sales cycles; extent of delays in hiring and onboarding new employees; and effect on our partners, vendors and supply chains, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict. Additionally, due to concerns over the COVID-19 pandemic, we have postponed our in-person, annual Inspire conferences and other in-person marketing events. In the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we closed our offices globally and required our employees to work remotely. These changes remain in effect in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 and could extend into future quarters. The impact, if any, of these and any additional operational changes we may implement is uncertain, but changes we have implemented have not materially impaired and are not expected to materially impair our ability to maintain operations, including financial reporting systems, internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. See the section “Risk Factors” for further discussion of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.

Our Business Model

Our business model focuses on maximizing the lifetime value of a customer relationship, and we continue to make significant investments in order to grow our customer base. Due to our subscription model, we recognize subscription revenues ratably over the term of the subscription period. As a result, the profitability of a customer to our business in any particular period depends in part upon how long a customer has been a subscriber on our platform. In general, the associated upfront costs with respect to new customers are higher in the first year than the aggregate revenues we recognize from those new customers in the first year. We believe that, over time, as our customer base grows and a relatively higher percentage of our subscription revenues are attributable to renewals versus new customers or upsells to existing customers, associated sales and marketing expenses and other allocated upfront costs as a percentage of revenues will decrease, subject to investments we plan to make in our business. Over the lifetime of the customer relationship, we also incur sales and marketing costs to manage the account, renew or upsell the customer to more modules and more users. However, these costs are significantly less than the costs initially incurred to acquire the customer. We calculate the lifetime value of our customers and associated customer acquisition costs for a particular year by comparing (i) gross profit from net new subscription revenues for the year multiplied by the inverse of the estimated subscription renewal rate to (ii) total sales and marketing expense incurred in the preceding year. On this basis, we estimate that for each of fiscal 2020, 2019, and 2018, the calculated lifetime value of our customers has exceeded six times the associated cost of acquiring them.

Key Metrics

We review the following key metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans and make strategic decisions:

	As of April 30,
	2020		2019
Cumulative spend under management (in billions)	$	1,785.9	$	1,197.5
Remaining performance obligations (in millions)	$	701.8	$	497.4
Deferred revenue (in millions)	$	244.5	$	176.3

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Cumulative Spend Under Management

Cumulative spend under management represents the aggregate dollar value of transactions through our core platform for all of our customers collectively since we launched our core platform. We define our core platform as our procurement, invoicing and expense management modules. We calculate this metric by aggregating the actual transaction data for purchase orders, invoices and expenses from customers using our core platform. Cumulative spend under management does not include spending data or transactions associated with modules from acquired companies. We regularly review our process for calculating this metric and periodically make adjustments to improve its accuracy. We believe that any such adjustments are immaterial unless otherwise stated.

The cumulative spend under management metric presented above does not directly correlate to our revenue or results of operations because we do not generally charge our customers based on actual usage of our core platform. However, we believe the cumulative spend under management metric does illustrate the adoption, scale and value of our platform, which we believe enhances our ability to maintain existing customers and attract new customers.

Remaining Performance Obligations and Deferred Revenue

Remaining performance obligations represents the amount of consideration allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations related to non-cancelable contracts, which include both the deferred revenue balance and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. In calculating the remaining performance obligation amount, we elected to apply the two expedients under the revenue standard to exclude remaining performance obligations amounts related to contracts that are twelve months or less and contracts where revenue is being recognized under the as-invoiced method.

We generally execute multiple year subscription contracts for our platform and invoice an initial amount at contract signing followed by subsequent annual invoices. At any point in the contract term, there might be amounts that are not due for billing yet. These amounts are not recorded in our consolidated financial statements, and are considered to be part of the remaining performance obligations amount.

The remaining performance obligations amount is intended to provide visibility into future revenue streams. We expect remaining performance obligations to fluctuate up or down from period to period for several possible reasons, including amounts, timing, and duration of customer contracts (including changes that we may see to customer contracts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic), as well as timing of billing cycles for each order.

Our deferred revenue consists of amounts that have been invoiced but not yet recognized as revenues as of the end of a reporting period. The majority of our deferred revenue balance consists of subscription revenues that are recognized ratably over the related contractual period.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

We offer subscriptions to our cloud-based BSM platform, including procurement, invoicing and expense management. We derive our revenues primarily from subscription fees and professional services fees. Subscription revenues consist primarily of fees to provide our customers access to our cloud-based platform, which includes routine customer support at no additional cost. Subscription revenues also includes fees to provide support and updates to legacy Exari customers. The support and update revenues associated with these customers are recognized ratably over the contract term. Professional services fees include deployment services, optimization services, and training. Subscription revenues are a function of renewal rates, the number of customers, the number of users at each customer, the number of modules subscribed to by each customer, and the price of our modules.

Generally, subscription fees are recognized ratably as revenues over the contract term beginning on the date the application is made available to the customer. Our new business subscriptions typically have a term of three years, although some customers commit for longer or shorter periods. We generally invoice our customers in annual installments at the beginning of each year in the subscription period. Amounts that have been invoiced are initially recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized ratably over the subscription period. Amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods are reflected as remaining performance obligations within our notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Professional services revenues consist primarily of fees associated with the implementation and configuration of our subscription service. Professional services are generally sold on a time-and-materials or fixed-fee basis. Revenue for both time-and-material and fixed-fee arrangements are recognized over-time as the services are performed. We have the ability to reasonably measure progress towards completion of the professional services arrangements. For fixed-fee arrangements, we recognize revenue on the basis of performed hours relative to the total estimated hours to complete satisfaction of the professional service arrangement.

Our professional services engagements typically span from a few weeks to several months. For this reason, our professional services revenues may fluctuate significantly from period to period. The terms of our typical professional services arrangements provide that our customers pay us within 30 days from the invoice date. Fixed-fee services arrangements are generally invoiced in advance. We have made significant investments in our professional services business that are designed to ensure customer success and adoption of our platform. We are continuing to invest in expanding our professional services partner ecosystem to further support our customers. As the professional services practices of our partner firms continue to develop, we expect them to increasingly contract directly with our subscription customers and we incentivize our sales force to further this objective.

Cost of Revenues

Subscription

Cost of subscription consists primarily of expenses related to hosting our service and providing customer support. Significant expenses are comprised of data center capacity costs; personnel and related costs directly associated with our cloud infrastructure and customer support, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation; allocated overhead; and amortization of acquired developed technology and capitalized software development costs.

Professional Services and Other Cost of Revenues

Cost of professional services and other cost of revenues consist primarily of personnel and related costs directly associated with our professional services and training departments, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation; the costs of contracted third-party vendors; and allocated overhead. These costs are generally expensed in the period incurred.

Professional services associated with the implementation and configuration of our subscription platform are performed directly by our services team, as well as by contracted third-party vendors. In cases in which third-party vendors invoice us for services performed for our customers, those fees are accrued over the requisite service period.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs of our development team, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation expense and allocated overhead costs. Our cycle of frequent updates has facilitated rapid innovation and the introduction of new modules throughout our history. We have aggressively invested, and intend to continue to invest, in developing technology to support our growth. We capitalize certain software development costs that are attributable to developing new modules and features and adding incremental functionality to our platform, and we amortize such costs as costs of subscription revenues over the estimated life of the new application or incremental functionality, which is typically either two or three years.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs directly associated with our sales and marketing staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, commissions and stock-based compensation. Commissions earned by our sales force that are considered incremental costs for obtaining a non-cancelable subscription contract are deferred and amortized over a period of benefit that we have determined to be five years. Other sales and marketing costs include promotional events to promote our brand, including our Inspire conferences, advertising, allocated overhead and amortization of customer relationships and trademark.

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of personnel costs and related expenses for executive, finance, legal, human resources, recruiting, and administrative personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense; professional fees for external legal, accounting, recruiting and other consulting services and allocated overhead costs. For the quarter ended April 30, 2020, the general and administrative expenses included a benefit of $12.5 million related to reversal of Yapta contingent consideration payable, as explained in Note 4, “Business Combinations” in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense associated with our 2023 and 2025 convertible senior notes.

Interest Income and Other, Net

Interest income and other, net consists primarily of interest income earned on our investments in marketable securities and cash and cash equivalents, gain on conversion of convertible senior notes, in addition to the effects of exchange rates on our foreign currency-denominated asset and liability balances. All translation adjustments are recorded as foreign currency gains (losses) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. 

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes related to foreign and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets of our U.S. entities as we have concluded that it is not more likely than not that the deferred assets will be utilized.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth selected condensed consolidated statements of operations data and such data as a percentage of total revenues for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Subscription	$	105,735		$	72,957
Professional services and other		13,479			8,387
Total revenues		119,214			81,344
Cost of revenues:
Subscription		29,002			17,403
Professional services and other		13,836			9,926
Total cost of revenues		42,838			27,329
Gross profit		76,376			54,015
Operating expenses:
Research and development		26,719			21,014
Sales and marketing		46,139			33,610
General and administrative		9,144			17,198
Total operating expenses		82,002			71,822
Loss from operations		(5,626	)		(17,807	)
Interest expense		(12,289	)		(3,175	)
Interest income and other, net		3,328			924
Loss before provision for income taxes		(14,587	)		(20,058	)
Provision for income taxes		229			410
Net loss	$	(14,816	)	$	(20,468	)

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	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020				2019
Revenues:
Subscription		89		%		90		%
Professional services and other		11				10
Total revenues		100				100
Cost of revenues:
Subscription		24				21
Professional services and other		12				12
Total cost of revenues		36				33
Gross profit		64				67
Operating expenses:
Research and development		22				26
Sales and marketing		39				41
General and administrative		8				21
Total operating expenses		69				88
Loss from operations		(5	)			(21	)
Interest expense		(10	)			(4	)
Interest income and other, net		3				1
Loss before provision for income taxes		(12	)			(24	)
Provision for income taxes		—				1
Net loss		(12	)	%		(25	)	%

Revenues

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
Subscription	$	105,735	$	72,957		45	%
Professional services and other		13,479		8,387		61	%
Total revenues	$	119,214	$	81,344		47	%

Total revenues were $119.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $81.3 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019, an increase of $37.9 million, or 47%. Subscription revenues were $105.7 million, or 89% of total revenues, for the three months ended April 30, 2020, compared to $73.0 million, or 90% of total revenues, for the three months ended April 30, 2019. This increase in absolute dollars was primarily due to the acquisition of new customers and the sale of additional modules and users to existing customers, and to a lesser extent, new revenues generated by the acquisitions completed during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. Professional services revenues were $13.5 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $8.4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019. The increase of $5.1 million, or 61%, was primarily due to an increase in customers and training revenues, and new revenues generated from an acquisition completed during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. We continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic carefully and its impact on our customers, customer acquisitions and renewal rates.

Cost of Revenues

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
Subscription	$	29,002	$	17,403		67	%
Professional services and other		13,836		9,926		39	%
Total cost of revenues	$	42,838	$	27,329		57	%

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Cost of subscriptions was $29.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $17.4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019, an increase of $11.6 million, or 67%. The increase in cost of subscriptions was primarily due to an increase of $4.4 million in intangible amortization, $3.9 million in hosting fees to accommodate increased customer spend, $1.5 million increase in employee compensation costs related to higher headcount, including stock-based compensation costs and $1.8 million in other costs driven by our overall growth. We expect our cost of subscriptions to increase in absolute dollars as we provide subscription services to more customers and increase usage within our existing customers.

Cost of professional services was $13.8 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $9.9 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019, an increase of $3.9 million, or 39%. The increase in cost of professional services was primarily due to an increase of $2.9 million in employee compensation costs related to higher headcount, including stock-based compensation costs, $0.7 million for professional and outside services primarily related to customer implementations, and $0.3 million in other costs driven by our overall growth.

We continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic carefully and its impact on our cost profile in providing hosting solutions and services to our customers.

Gross Profit

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
Gross profit	$	76,376	$	54,015		41	%

Gross profit was $76.4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020, compared to $54.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019, an increase of $22.4 million, or 41%. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to the acquisition of new customers, and the sale of new additional users or modules to existing customers, and to a lesser extent, new revenues generated by the acquisitions completed during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. Gross margin was 64% for the three months ended April 30, 2020, compared to 66% for the three months ended April 30, 2019. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to the increase in amortization of developed technology assets related to the acquisitions completed during the year ended January 31, 2020.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
Research and development	$	26,719	$	21,014		27	%

Research and development expenses were $26.7 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $21.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019, an increase of $5.7 million, or 27%. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $5.7 million in employee compensation costs related to higher headcount, including stock-based compensation costs. We expect research and development expenses will continue to increase in fiscal 2021 in absolute dollars as we continue to invest in research and development activities.

Sales and Marketing

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	46,139	$	33,610		37	%

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Sales and marketing expenses were $46.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $33.6 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019, an increase of $12.5 million, or 37%. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $10.1 million in employee compensation costs related to higher headcount, including stock-based compensation costs, $2.2 million related to facilities, and other costs and $1.0 million increase in customer relationship amortization partially offset by a decrease of $0.8 million in travel costs. As of April 30, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we canceled our in-person, annual Inspire conferences and other in-person marketing events and postponed to next year. The expenses incurred in connection with the cancellation of the conferences were not material for the three months ended April 30, 2020.

Given the unprecedented nature of this pandemic and the uncertainty around its duration, we expect certain sales and marketing expenses to decrease due in part to the anticipated reduction in travel cancellation of events. However, we intend to continue to expand our direct sales organization, increase our marketing activities, grow our international operations and build brand awareness. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars for the year ending January 31, 2021 compared to the year ended January 31, 2020.

General and Administrative

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
General and administrative	$	9,144	$	17,198		(47	%)

General and administrative expenses were $9.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $17.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019, a decrease of $8.1 million, or (47%). The decrease was primarily due to a benefit of $12.5 million arising from the reversal of the Yapta contingent consideration liability during the quarter ended April 30, 2020, as explained in Note 4, “Business Combinations” in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, partially offset by an increase of $1.8 million in employee compensation costs related to higher headcount, including stock-based compensation costs, an increase of $1.7 million for professional and outside service costs, and an increase of $0.9 million related to facilities and other costs driven by our overall growth. We expect general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in fiscal 2021 in absolute dollars due to the growth of our company and the one-time nature of the contingent consideration liability reversal.

Interest Expense

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
Interest expense	$	12,289	$	3,175		287	%

Interest expense was $12.3 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019. The $9.1 million increase in interest expense was primarily due to amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs on our 2025 Notes issued in the second quarter of fiscal 2020.

Interest Income and Other, Net

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
Interest income and other, net	$	3,328	$	924		260	%

Interest income and other, net was $3.3 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019. The $2.4 million increase in interest income and other, net was primarily due to a $2.6 million gain on the early conversion of the 2023 Notes and a $0.7 million increase in interest income earned from our greater investment in marketable securities and money market funds, partially offset by a $0.9 million net currency loss.   

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Provision for Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019		% Change
	(in thousands)
Provision for income taxes	$	229	$	410		(44	%)

Provision for income taxes was $0.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily related to income taxes from foreign and state juridisctions offset by the release of a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. We maintain a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets of our U.S. entities as we have concluded that it is unlikely that these deferred income tax assets will be utilized.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and cash generated from operations. As of April 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $295.8 million, and marketable securities of $410.0 million. We had outstanding 2023 Notes and 2025 Notes with principal amounts of $138.0 million and $805.0 million, respectively, as of April 30, 2020.

As of April 30, 2020, the remaining 2023 Notes with a principal amount of $138.0 million are convertible at the option of the holders. We have the ability to settle the Convertible Notes in cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock at our own election. As of April 30, 2020, there were unsettled conversion requests in principal amount of $4.0 million of our 2023 Notes. Additionally, from May 1, 2020 to the date of this filing, we received requests to convert $28.9 million in principal amount of our 2023 Notes. The conversion requests on the 2023 Notes for an aggregate principal amount of $32.9 million are expected to be settled during the quarter ending July 31, 2020, and we elected to settle the principal amount of the conversion requests in cash and the incremental conversion value in shares. The 2025 Notes were not convertible as of April 30, 2020. It is our current intent to settle conversions of the remaining 2023 Notes and the 2025 Notes through combination settlement, which involves repayment of the principal portion in cash and any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount in shares of our common stock. We have decided not to exercise the capped calls entered into in conjunction with the 2023 Notes.

In conjunction with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, we entered into capped call transactions that reduce our exposure to additional cash payments above principal balances in the event of a cash conversion of the Convertible Notes. We may owe additional cash to the noteholders upon early conversion if our stock price exceeds $63.821 per share for the 2023 Notes or $295.55 for the 2025 Notes. Although our incremental exposure to the additional cash payment above the principal amount of the Convertible Notes is reduced by the capped calls, conversion of the Convertible Notes by noteholders may cause dilution to the ownership interests of existing stockholders.

Our cash equivalents are comprised primarily of bank deposits and money market funds. Cash from operations could be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other risks detailed in Part II, Item 1A titled “Risk Factors.” However, we believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at least the next 12 months from the filing date of these financial statements.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our pace of growth, subscription renewal activity, the timing and extent of spend to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced services offerings and the continuing market acceptance of our services. We continually assess potential acquisitions and expect to continue to pursue acquisitions of or investments in complementary businesses, services and technologies and intellectual property rights. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended April 30, 2020 was $15.4 million, compared to $18.8 million for the three months ended April 30, 2019. The decrease of $3.4 million was primarily driven by approximately $10.6 million repayments of convertible notes attributable to debt discount which was classified as cash outflows in operating activities for the three months ended April 30, 2020, partially offset by an increase in cash collections from customers.

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Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended April 30, 2020 of $83.4 million was primarily related to $90.6 million of net maturity of short-term marketable securities, partially offset by $3.6 million release of holdback purchase consideration related to previous business acquisitions, and $3.6 million for purchases of property and equipment.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended April 30, 2020 of $71.1 million was primarily due to approximately $81.4 million repayments of convertible notes attributable to the principal amount, partially offset by net proceeds of $10.3 million from the exercise of stock options and proceeds received for common stock issued under the ESPP plan during the quarter.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Through April 30, 2020, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Commitments and Contractual Obligations

Our principal commitments and contractual obligations consist of our Convertible Notes, obligations under operating leases for office facilities and contractual purchase obligations for hosting services that support our business operations. The following table summarizes our non-cancelable contractual obligations as of April 30, 2020:

			Payments Due by Period
	Total		Less Than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More Than 5 Years
			(in thousands)
Convertible senior notes (1)	$	942,953	$	32,933	$	105,020	$	—	$	805,000
Aggregate interest obligations (1)(2)		6,716		1,400		2,800		2,013		503
Operating lease obligations		35,713		9,927		16,751		8,320		715
Purchase obligations		38,915		10,165		28,750		—		—
Total contractual obligations	$	1,024,297	$	54,425	$	153,321	$	10,333	$	806,218

(1) The conversion period for the 2023 Notes was open as of April 30, 2020, and as such the net carrying value of the 2023 Notes is included within current liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The principal balance of $138.0 million of the 2023 Notes is reflected in the payment period in the table above based on the contractual maturity assuming no conversion.

(2) Represents estimated aggregate interest obligations for our outstanding Convertible Notes that are payable in cash.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

With the exception of changes described within Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies” due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements for analysis of recent accounting pronouncements that are applicable to our business.

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Non‑GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we believe the following non‑GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We regularly review the measures set forth below as we evaluate our business (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Non-GAAP operating profit	$	14,937	$	2,216
Non-GAAP net profit	$	14,460	$	2,145
Adjusted free cash flows	$	22,413	$	16,139

We define non‑GAAP operating profit as loss from operations before stock‑based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets and the change in fair value of contingent consideration related to acquisition earnout payments. We define non‑GAAP net profit as net loss before stock‑based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, the change in fair value of contingent consideration related to acquisition earnout payments, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, gain on conversion of convertible senior notes, and related tax effects, including non-recurring income tax adjustments. We define adjusted free cash flows as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property and equipment plus repayments of convertible senior notes attributable to debt discount.

We believe non‑GAAP operating profit and non-GAAP net profit provide investors and other users of our financial information consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period to period comparisons of operations. We believe non‑GAAP operating profit and non-GAAP net profit are useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry, as these metrics generally eliminate the effects of certain items that may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance. We believe information regarding adjusted free cash flows provides useful information to investors because it is an indicator of the strength and performance of our business operations.

We use non‑GAAP operating profit, non-GAAP net profit and adjusted free cash flows in conjunction with traditional GAAP measures as part of our overall assessment of our performance, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts, to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies and to communicate with our board of directors concerning our financial performance. Our definitions may differ from the definitions used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. In addition, other companies may not publish these or similar metrics. Thus, our non‑GAAP operating profit, non-GAAP net profit and adjusted free cash flows should be considered in addition to, not as substitutes for, or in isolation from, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

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We compensate for these limitations by providing investors and other users of our financial information a reconciliation of non‑GAAP operating profit to loss from operations, non-GAAP net profit to net loss, and adjusted free cash flows to net cash provided by operating activities. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure and to view non‑GAAP operating profit, non-GAAP net profit, and adjusted free cash flows in conjunction with loss from operations, net loss, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The following tables provide a reconciliation of loss from operations to non‑GAAP operating profit, from net loss to non-GAAP net profit, and from net cash provided by operating activities to adjusted free cash flows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Loss from operations	$	(5,626	)	$	(17,807	)
Stock-based compensation		24,197			16,845
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		8,866			3,178
Change in fair value of contingent consideration payable		(12,500	)		—
Non-GAAP operating profit	$	14,937		$	2,216

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Net loss	$	(14,816	)	$	(20,468	)
Stock-based compensation		24,197			16,845
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		8,866			3,178
Change in fair value of contingent consideration payable		(12,500	)		—
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs		11,950			2,960
Gain on conversion of convertible senior notes		(2,571	)		—
Income tax effects and adjustments		(666	)		(370	)
Non-GAAP net profit	$	14,460		$	2,145

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	15,408		$	18,793
Less: purchases of property and equipment		(3,599	)		(2,654	)
Add: repayments of convertible senior notes attributable to debt discount		10,604			—
Adjusted free cash flows	$	22,413		$	16,139

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Euro and British Pound Sterling. Due to the relative size of our international operations to date, our foreign currency exposure has been fairly limited and thus we have not instituted a hedging program. We performed a sensitivity analysis as of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, and determined that, without hedging the exposure, a 10% change in the value of the U.S. dollar would result in an approximate $4.1 million and $6.3 million impact on our net losses, respectively. We expect our international operations to continue to grow in the near term and we are continually monitoring the foreign currency exposure to determine when we should begin a hedging program. In addition, we will continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic carefully and its impact on our foreign currencies. The majority of our agreements have been and we expect will continue to be denominated in U.S. dollars.

Market Risk and Market Interest Risk

In June 2019, we issued $805.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2025. In January 2018, we issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.375% convertible senior notes due 2023 of which approximately $92.0 million aggregate principal amount had been settled by April 30, 2020. The 2025 Note and 2023 Notes have fixed annual interest rates at 0.125% and 0.375%, respectively and, therefore, we do not have economic interest rate exposure on our Convertible Notes. However, the values of the Convertible Notes are exposed to interest rate risk. Generally, the fair market value of our fixed interest rate Convertible Notes will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. In addition, the fair values of the Convertible Notes are affected by our stock price. The fair value of the convertible senior notes will generally increase as our common stock price increases and will generally decrease as our common stock price declines in value. Additionally, we carry the convertible senior notes at face value less unamortized discount and issuance costs on our balance sheet, and we present the fair value for required disclosure purposes only.

Our exposure to interest rate risk also is related to our interest-bearing assets, primarily our cash and cash equivalents. Fluctuations in interest rates impact the yield of the investment. A hypothetical 100 basis points increase in interest rates would have impacted interest income by $600,000 for each of the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of business. As our growth continues, we may become party to an increasing number of litigation matters and claims. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

A description of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business is set forth below. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” particularly before deciding whether to invest in our securities. The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In such an event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have a limited operating history at our current scale, which makes it difficult to predict our future operating results.

We were incorporated in 2006 and introduced our first cloud-based software solution shortly thereafter.  Over time we have invested in building a comprehensive, integrated platform of business spend management (“BSM”) services, including through acquisitions, and in marketing, selling and supporting this platform.  Although in recent years we have grown our annual revenues each year at a substantial rate, our historical revenue growth should not be considered indicative of our future performance. Further, in future periods, our revenue growth could slow or our revenues could decline for a number of reasons, including any reduction in demand for our platform, increased competition, contraction of our overall market, international or domestic economic instability, downturns or other events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, our inability to accurately forecast demand for our platform or our failure, for any reason, to capitalize on growth opportunities.

As a result of our limited operating history, our ability to forecast our future operating results is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. We have encountered and will encounter risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, such as the risks and uncertainties described in this report. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties (which we use to plan our business) are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer.

We face risks related to the current COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.  

Aspects of our business have been and could continue to be adversely affected by the recent pandemic of respiratory illness caused by a novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing the Coronavirus Disease 2019, also known as COVID-19. Global health concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic have been weighing on the macroeconomic environment, and the pandemic has significantly increased economic and stock market volatility and uncertainty.  In response to the pandemic, government authorities have implemented measures to try to contain the virus or mitigate the harm, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders, and mandatory shutdowns of non-essential businesses.  These measures by government authorities may continue to remain in place for a significant period of time, and they have and may continue to adversely affect our sales activities, operations and growth prospects.  These restrictions, and changes in consumer and business spending behavior prompted by the pandemic, have forced businesses in the United States and other jurisdictions to reduce or suspend their operations, lay-off employees, and in some cases shutdown operations—a pattern of global economic phenomena for which there is little precedent in modern times.  Although we derive most of our revenue from sales to enterprise customers (a segment that tends to be more resilient to economic volatility), a prolonged downturn is likely to impact many of our enterprise customers adversely.  The extent of the damage to this segment of our customer base may not be apparent as quickly as for other segments, and is likely to differ by industry.  

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The COVID-19 pandemic had and may continue to have an adverse impact us in a number of ways, any of which individually or together could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.  For example, the pandemic may limit the ability of our suppliers and business partners to perform under their contracts with us, and we may not be able to find and engage additional or substitute suppliers and partners in a timely manner and on terms acceptable to us. We believe that many businesses have been and may continue to  be more reluctant to invest in the purchase and implementation of a new software solution like ours in the near term because of the economic uncertainty.  This trend may make it more difficult for us to acquire new customers and could lead to longer sales cycles and greater uncertainty around the timing and likelihood of closing sales opportunities to which we have already devoted meaningful time and resources.  Our existing customers may reduce their subscriptions or fail to add new users or adopt new modules at the rate we expect based on past experience.  We may have difficulty collecting payment from some customers on a timely basis or at all, and we may see higher rates of bankruptcies, restructurings, dissolutions and similar events among our customer base.  In addition, if our results of operations or our assessment of our growth prospects or potential for future profitability fail to meet investor and analyst expectations for any particular financial period, our stock price may experience a substantial decline, even if our revenues have increased or our margins have improved relative to past periods

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, mandating that all non-essential personnel work from home, temporary closures of our offices, and cancellation of physical participation in sales activities, meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners. The COVID-19 pandemic has already created logistical challenges for our business operations, in particular those associated with the transition to an entirely remote workforce.  For example, our personnel located at our headquarters in California and elsewhere in the United States and in other countries, are currently subject to shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders from state and local governments which in some cases have forced them to work from home since mid-March of this year.  In addition to the limitations imposed by this new work environment, many of our employees must contend with additional challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic (over which we have no control), such as unexpected child-care and home-schooling responsibilities, among others.  If significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively, including due to illness, quarantines, social distancing, government actions or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations will be further impacted.

If and when local regulations permit, we may decide to re-open one or more of our offices and allow our employees to return to work, which would create additional risks and operational challenges.  For example, based on current guidance from California state authorities, we believe that we could be ready to re-open our San Mateo headquarters in the relatively near future.  We anticipate that the re-opening of our offices will require non-trivial investments in the design, implementation and enforcement of new workplace safety protocols.  These efforts may divert management attention, and the protocols may create logistical challenges for our workforce which could adversely impact employee productivity and morale.  Even if we follow what we believe to be best practices, there can be no assurance that our measures will prevent the transmission of COVID-19 between workers.  Any incidents of actual or perceived transmission may expose us to liability from employee claims, adversely impact employee productivity and morale, and even result in negative publicity and reputational harm.

In addition, the stock market has been unusually volatile during the COVID-19 pandemic and such volatility may continue.  As a result, our stock price may be adversely impacted for reasons unrelated to our performance.  A decline in stock price may make it more difficult for us to raise capital on terms acceptable to us or at all.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or address its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activities can resume. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, results of operations and financial condition, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section. Even after the pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.  For the reasons discussed above and others that we may not have foreseen, we expect that the pandemic will have adverse impacts to aspects of our business in the near term, any of which individually or together may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, growth prospects and stock price.

Weakened global economic conditions, including those from the recent COVID-19 pandemic, may harm our industry, business and results of operations.

Our overall performance depends in part on worldwide economic conditions. Global financial developments, downturns and global health crises or pandemics seemingly unrelated to us or the enterprise software industry may harm us, including disruptions or restrictions on our employees’ ability to work and travel. The United States and other key international economies have been affected from time to time by falling demand for a variety of goods and services, restricted credit, poor liquidity, reduced corporate

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profitability, volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies, outbreaks of COVID-19 and the resulting impact on business continuity and travel, and overall uncertainty with respect to the economy, including with respect to tariff and trade issues. In particular, the economies of countries in Europe have been experiencing weakness associated with high sovereign debt levels, weakness in the banking sector and uncertainty over the future of the Euro zone, including instability as a result of “Brexit,” the United Kingdom’s decision to exit the European Union. We are unable to predict how and to what extent Brexit will impact our business and operating results. We have operations, as well as current and potential new customers, throughout most of Europe. If economic conditions in Europe and other key markets for our platform continue to remain uncertain or deteriorate further as a result of COVID-19 or otherwise, many customers may delay or reduce their information technology spending.

The growth of our revenues and potential profitability of our business depends on demand for platform and modules generally, and business spend management specifically. In addition, our revenues are dependent on the number of users of our modules. Historically, during economic downturns there have been reductions in spending on enterprise software as well as pressure for extended billing terms or pricing discounts, which would limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our operating results. These conditions affect the rate of enterprise software spending and could adversely affect our customers’ ability or willingness to subscribe to our platform, delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscriptions or affect renewal rates, all of which could harm our operating results. While it remains a developing situation, the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting quarantines, restrictions on travel and business disruptions with respect to us, our customers or partners are adversely affecting our business. Although we are continuing to monitor and assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change.

Because our platform is sold to large enterprises with complex operating environments, we encounter long and unpredictable sales cycles, which could adversely affect our operating results in a given period.

Our ability to increase revenues and achieve profitability depends, in large part, on our ability to continue to attract large enterprises to our platform and grow this segment of our customer base.  We expect to continue to focus most of our sales efforts on these customers in the near future.  Accordingly, we will continue to face greater costs, longer sales cycles and less predictability in completing some of our sales, than would be expected from selling to a predominantly small business or midmarket target customer base. A delay in or failure to close a large sale to one or more prospective new customers could cause us to fail to meet the expectations of management or analysts, harm our business and financial results, and cause our financial results to vary significantly from period to period.

Our typical sales cycle ranges from three to nine months.  The wide range reflects that a number of timing factors that can vary significantly between prospective customers, many of which we cannot control, including:

• customers’ budgetary constraints and priorities;

• the timing of customers’ budget cycles;

• the need by some customers for lengthy evaluations; and

• the length and timing of customers’ approval processes.

In addition, as a result of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, many local governements as well as enterprises have limited travel and in person meetings and implemented other restrictions that are making the sales process more lengthy and difficult, particularly for new customers.

Large enterprises tend to have more complex operating environments than smaller businesses, making it more difficult and time-consuming for us to demonstrate the value of our platform to these prospective customers. In the large enterprise market, the customer’s decision to use our platform may be an enterprise-wide decision; therefore, these types of sales require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our platform, which causes us to expend substantial time, effort and money educating them as to the value of our platform. In addition, we have no assurance that a prospective customer will ultimately purchase any services from us at all, regardless of the amount of time or resources we have spent on the opportunity.  For example, our target customer may decide in the end to purchase software from one of our larger, more established competitors because they are unsure about moving forward with a newer and less well-known brand such as ours.

As a result of the variability and length of the sales cycle, we have only a limited ability to forecast the timing of sales, and our results of operations may differ from expectations.

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If our security measures are breached or unauthorized access to customer data is otherwise obtained, our platform may be perceived as not being secure, customers may reduce the use of or stop using our platform and we may incur significant liabilities.

Our platform involves the storage and transmission of customer data, including, for example, sensitive and proprietary information about our customers’ spending. We may become the target of cyber-attacks by third parties seeking unauthorized access to our data or users' data or to disrupt our platform. Computer malware, viruses, spear phishing attacks, and general hacking have become more prevalent in our industry, particularly against cloud services. Any unauthorized access or security breaches could result in the loss of sensitive customer information, litigation, fines and penalties, liability under indemnity obligations and other economic and reputational damage.  While we have security measures in place that are designed to protect customer information and prevent data loss and other security breaches, if these measures are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, and someone obtains unauthorized access to our customers’ data, we could face loss of business, regulatory investigations or orders, and our reputation could be severely damaged.  In addition, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate the problem, as well as incur significant costs and liabilities, including due to litigation, indemnity obligations, damages for contract breach, penalties for violation of applicable laws or regulations, and costs for remediation and other incentives offered to customers or other business partners in an effort to maintain business relationships after a breach.

We cannot assure you that any limitations of liability provisions in our contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim relating to a security lapse or breach. We also cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims related to a security breach, or that the insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, operating results, and reputation.

Cyber-attacks and other malicious Internet-based activities continue to increase generally. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or users to disclose information to gain access to our data or our customers’ data. If any of these events occur, our or our customers’ information could be accessed or disclosed improperly. Any or all of these issues could negatively affect our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to elect to not renew their subscriptions, result in reputational damage or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.

Our results of operations and key metrics discussed elsewhere in this report, such as remaining performance obligations and deferred revenue, may vary significantly in the future and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results and key metrics may not provide a full picture of our performance. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter or year should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly financial results and metrics may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, as a result they may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. These quarterly fluctuations may negatively affect the value of our common stock. Factors that may cause these fluctuations include, without limitation:

• our ability to attract new customers and complete the sale of our platform to them within the range of our typical sales cycle;

• the addition or loss of one or more of our larger customers, including as the result of acquisitions or consolidations;

• the timing of recognition of revenues;

• the amount and timing of operating expenses;

• general economic, industry and market conditions, both domestically and internationally, including the impact of the market volatility and economic downturn caused by COVID-19 or any other worldwide pandemic on our business, including but not limited to a decreased demand for our platform and services, negative impacts on our revenue results, an increasing unpredictability in expenses and cash flow, and a decreased ability by our customers to pay for our platform and services;

• the timing of our billing and collections;

• customer renewal and expansion rates;

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• security breaches of, technical difficulties with, or interruptions to the delivery and use of our products on our platform;

• the amount and timing of completion of professional services engagements;

• increases or decreases in the number of users for our platform, increases or decreases in the modules purchased for our platform or pricing changes upon any renewals of customer agreements;

• changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;

• seasonal variations in sales of our software subscriptions, which have historically been highest in the fourth quarter of a calendar year but may vary in future quarters;

• the timing and success of new product or module introductions by us or our competitors or any other change in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors, customers or strategic partners;

• changes in foreign currency exchange rates;

• extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related expenses or settlement payments;

• sales tax and other tax determinations by authorities in the jurisdictions in which we conduct business;

• the impact of new accounting pronouncements and the adoption thereof;

• fluctuations in stock-based compensation expense;

• expenses in connection with mergers, acquisitions or other strategic transactions; and

• the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses and potential future charges for impairment of goodwill or intangibles from acquired companies.

Further, in future periods, our revenue growth could slow or our revenues could decline for a number of reasons, including slowing demand for our offerings, increasing competition, a decrease in the growth of our overall market, global economic conditions, or our failure, for any reason, to continue to capitalize on growth opportunities.  In addition, our growth rate may slow in the future as our market penetration rates increase. As a result, our revenues, operating results and cash flows may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis and revenue growth rates may not be sustainable and may decline in the future, and we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in future periods, which could harm our business and cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.

The market for business spend management software is highly competitive, with relatively low barriers to entry for some software or service organizations. Our competitors include Oracle Corporation (“Oracle”), SAP AG (“SAP”) and Workday, Inc. (“Workday”), well-established providers of enterprise resource management (“ERP”) solutions, including BSM software that have long-standing relationships with many customers. Some customers may be hesitant to switch or to adopt cloud-based software such as ours for this part of their business and prefer to maintain their existing relationships with their legacy software vendors. Oracle, SAP and Workday are larger and have greater name recognition, much longer operating histories, larger marketing budgets and significantly greater resources than we do. These vendors, as well as other competitors, may offer business spend management software on a standalone basis at a low price or bundled as part of a larger product sale. In order to take advantage of customer demand for cloud-based software, legacy vendors are expanding their cloud-based software through acquisitions and organic development. Legacy vendors may also seek to partner with other leading cloud providers. We also face competition from custom-built software vendors and from vendors of specific applications, some of which offer cloud-based solutions.

We may also face competition from a variety of vendors of cloud-based and on-premise software products and point solutions that may have some of the core functionality of our BSM services (such as procure-to-pay) but that address only a portion of the capabilities and features of our platform. In addition, other companies that provide cloud-based software in different target markets may develop software or acquire companies that operate in our target markets, and some potential customers may elect to develop their own internal software. With the introduction of new technologies and market entrants, we expect this competition to intensify in the future.

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Some of our competitors are able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products and services. Furthermore, our current or potential competitors may be acquired by third parties with greater available resources and the ability to initiate or withstand substantial price competition. In addition, many of our competitors have established marketing relationships, access to larger customer bases and major distribution agreements with consultants, system integrators and resellers. Our competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their product offerings or resources. If our platform does not become more accepted relative to our competitors’, or if our competitors are successful in bringing their products or services to market earlier than ours, or if their products or services are more technologically capable than ours, then our revenues could be adversely affected. In addition, some of our competitors may offer their products and services at a lower price. If we are unable to achieve our target pricing levels, our operating results will be negatively affected. Pricing pressures and increased competition could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses or a failure to maintain or improve our competitive market position, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Our business depends substantially on our customers renewing their subscriptions and purchasing additional subscriptions from us. Any decline in our customer renewals would harm our future operating results.

In order for us to maintain or improve our operating results, it is important that our customers renew their subscriptions when the initial contract term expires and add additional authorized users and additional business spend management modules to their subscriptions. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions, and we cannot assure you that our customers will renew subscriptions with a similar contract period or with the same or a greater number of authorized users and modules. Some of our customers have elected not to renew their agreements with us, and we may not be able to accurately predict renewal rates.

Our renewal rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction with our subscription service, our professional services, our customer support, our prices and contract length, the prices of competing solutions, mergers and acquisitions affecting our customer base, the effects of global economic conditions or reductions in our customers’ spending levels. Our future success also depends in part on our ability to add additional authorized users and modules to the subscriptions of our current customers. If our customers do not renew their subscriptions, renew on less favorable terms or fail to add more authorized users or additional business spend management modules, our revenues may decline, and we may not realize improved operating results from our customer base.

If we are unable to attract new customers, the growth of our revenues will be adversely affected.

To increase our revenues, we must add new customers, particularly large enterprise customers, increase the number of users at existing customers and sell additional modules to current customers. The expansion of our customer base is critical to our ability to continue the growth of our revenues.  If we do not grow our customer base, our revenues will slow in future periods or will start to decline, as a result of customers not renewing. This is particularly true for us because we are typically able to capture a majority of the expected annual recurring revenue opportunity at the inception of our customer relationships, rather than targeting specific power users at the outset of the customer relationship with the intention of expanding and getting more annual recurring revenue at later stages of the customer relationship

If competitors introduce lower cost and/or differentiated products or services that are perceived to compete with ours or are better able to adapt to changing market conditions, our ability to sell based on factors such as pricing, technology and functionality could be impaired. As a result, we may be unable to attract new customers at rates or on terms that would be favorable or comparable to prior periods, which could have an adverse effect on the growth of our revenues.

We have experienced rapid growth and expect our growth to continue and if we fail to manage our growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or adequately address competitive challenges.

We have experienced a rapid growth in our business, headcount and operations in recent years. We anticipate that we will continue to expand our operations and headcount, including internationally, in the near future. This growth has placed, and future growth will place, a significant strain on our management, administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. Our success will depend in part on our ability to manage this growth effectively. Although our business has experienced significant growth, we cannot provide any assurance that our business will continue to grow at the same rate or at all. The rapid growth in our headcount and operations has placed and will continue to place significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. As we continue to grow, we must effectively integrate, develop and motivate a large number of new employees, while maintaining the effectiveness of our business execution and the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture. In particular, we intend to continue to make directed and substantial investments to expand our research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative organizations, as well as our international operations.

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To effectively manage growth, we must continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, and our reporting systems and procedures by, among other things:

• improving our key business applications, processes and IT infrastructure to support our business needs;

• enhancing information and communication systems to ensure that our employees and offices around the world are well-coordinated and can effectively communicate with each other and our growing base of customers and channel partners;

• enhancing our internal controls to ensure timely and accurate reporting of all of our operations and financial results; and

• appropriately documenting our IT systems and our business processes.

The systems enhancements and improvements necessary to support our business as we continue to scale will require significant capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources. If we fail to implement these improvements effectively, our ability to manage our expected growth, ensure uninterrupted operation of key business systems and comply with the rules and regulations that are applicable to public reporting companies will be impaired. Additionally, failure to effectively manage growth could result in difficulty or delays in deploying customers, declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increases in costs, difficulties in introducing new features and/or other operational difficulties, any of which could adversely affect our business performance and results of operations.

Acquisitions could be difficult to identify, pose integration challenges, divert the attention of management, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We have in the past acquired and may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, products or technologies that we believe could complement or expand our platform, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. For example, we acquired Yapta, Inc. in December 2019, Exari Group, Inc. in May 2019, Hiperos LLC in December 2018, Vinimaya, Inc. (d/b/a Aquiire) in October 2018 and acquired certain assets from DCR Workforce in August 2018. Acquisitions may disrupt our business, divert our resources and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for development of our existing business.

In addition, we may not be able to integrate the acquired personnel, operations and technologies successfully, or effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including:

• inability to integrate or benefit from acquired technologies or services in a profitable manner;

• unanticipated costs, accounting charges or other liabilities associated with the acquisition;

• incurrence of acquisition-related costs;

• difficulty integrating the accounting systems, internal controls, operations and personnel of the acquired business;

• difficulties and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy products and hosting infrastructure of the acquired business, including due to language, geographical or cultural differences;

• difficulty fulfilling the contractual obligations or expectations of customers of acquired businesses or converting the customers of the acquired business onto our platform and contract terms, including disparities in the revenues, licensing, support or professional services model of the acquired company;

• adverse effects to our existing business relationships with business partners and customers as a result of the acquisition;

• the potential loss of key employees;

• use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business; and

• use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the acquisition.

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In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill must be assessed for impairment at least annually, and other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, our exposure to risks associated with various claims, including the use of intellectual property, may be increased as a result of acquisitions of other companies. For example, we may have a lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to intellectual property or the care taken to safeguard against infringement risks with respect to the acquired company or technology. In addition, third parties may make infringement and similar or related claims after we have acquired technology that has not been asserted prior to our acquisition. Acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, if an acquired business fails to meet our expectations, our operating results, business and financial position may suffer.

Our customers may fail to pay us in accordance with the terms of their agreements, necessitating action by us to compel payment.

We typically enter into multiple year, non-cancelable arrangements with our customers. If customers fail to pay us under the terms of our agreements, we may be adversely affected both from the inability to collect amounts due and the cost of enforcing the terms of our contracts, including litigation. The risk of such negative effects increases with the term length of our customer arrangements. Furthermore, some of our customers may seek bankruptcy protection or other similar relief and fail to pay amounts due to us, or pay those amounts more slowly, either of which could adversely affect our operating results, financial position and cash flow. The recent and ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic may also increase the likelihood of these risks.

Because we recognize subscription revenues over the term of the contract, fluctuations in new sales and renewals may not be immediately reflected in our operating results and may be difficult to discern.

We generally recognize subscription revenues from customers ratably over the terms of their contracts. Most of the subscription revenues we report on each quarter are derived from the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscriptions entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any single quarter would likely have only a small impact on our revenues for that quarter. However, such a decline would negatively affect our revenues in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our platform, delays in our sales cycles as a result of COVID-19 and potential changes in our pricing policies or rate of renewals, may not be fully apparent from our reported results of operations until future periods.

We may be unable to adjust our cost structure to reflect the changes in revenues. In addition, a significant majority of our costs are expensed as incurred, while subscription revenues are recognized over the life of the customer agreement. As a result, increased growth in the number of our customers could result in our recognition of more costs than revenues in the earlier periods of the terms of our agreements. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenues through additional sales in any period, as revenues from new customers must be recognized over the applicable subscription term.

If we fail to develop widespread brand awareness cost-effectively, our business may suffer.

We believe that developing and maintaining widespread awareness of our brand in a cost-effective manner is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our platform and attracting new customers. For example, widespread awareness of our brand is critical to ensuring that we are invited to participate in requests for proposals from prospective customers. Our success in this area will depend on a wide range of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:

• the efficacy of our marketing efforts;

• our ability to offer high-quality, innovative and error- and bug-free modules;

• our ability to retain existing customers and obtain new customers;

• the ability of our customers to achieve successful results by using our platform;

• the quality and perceived value of our platform;

• our ability to successfully differentiate our offerings from those of our competitors;

• actions of competitors and other third parties;

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• our ability to provide customer support and professional services;

• any misuse or perceived misuse of our platform and modules;

• positive or negative publicity;

• interruptions, delays or attacks on our platform or modules; and

• litigation, legislative or regulatory-related developments.

The COVID-19 pandemic and regulatory restrictions adopted in response have forced us to suspend or reduce some of our marketing activities, particularly those that require travel and in-person participation.  Brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or increase revenues, and, even if they do, any increase in revenues may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, or incur substantial expenses in doing so, we may fail to attract or retain customers necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand-building efforts or to achieve the widespread brand awareness that is critical for broad customer adoption of our platform.

Furthermore, negative publicity (whether or not justified) relating to events or activities attributed to us, our employees, our partners or others associated with any of these parties, may tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Damage to our reputation and loss of brand equity could reduce demand for our platform and have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, any attempts to rebuild our reputation and restore the value of our brands may be costly and time consuming, and such efforts may not ultimately be successful.

Changes in privacy laws, regulations, and standards may cause our business to suffer.

Our customers can use our platform to collect, use and store certain types of personal or identifying information regarding their employees and suppliers. Federal, state and foreign government bodies and agencies have adopted, are considering adopting or may adopt laws and regulations regarding the collection, use, storage and disclosure of personal information obtained from consumers and individuals, such as compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the recently created EU-U.S. Privacy Shield. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, such laws and regulations that are applicable to the businesses of our customers may limit the use and adoption of our platform and reduce overall demand or lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities for any noncompliance with such privacy laws. Furthermore, privacy concerns may cause our customers’ employees to resist providing the personal data necessary to allow our customers to use our platform effectively. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our platform in certain industries.

All of these domestic and international legislative and regulatory initiatives may adversely affect our customers’ ability to process, handle, store, use and transmit demographic and personal information from their employees, customers and suppliers, which could reduce demand for our platform. The European Union (“EU”) and many countries in Europe have stringent privacy laws and regulations, which may affect our ability to operate cost effectively in certain European countries. In particular, the EU has adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) which went into effect on May 25, 2018 and contains numerous requirements and changes, including more robust obligations on data processors and heavier documentation requirements for data protection compliance programs by companies. Specifically, the GDPR introduced numerous privacy-related changes for companies operating in the EU, including greater control for data subjects (e.g., the “right to be forgotten”), increased data portability for EU consumers, data breach notification requirements, and increased fines. In particular, under the GDPR, fines of up to 20 million Euros or up to 4% of the annual global revenue of the noncompliant company, whichever is greater, could be imposed for violations of certain of the GDPR’s requirements. Complying with the GDPR may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to change our business practices. Despite our efforts to bring practices into compliance with the GDPR, we may not be successful either due to internal or external factors such as resource allocation limitations or a lack of vendor cooperation. Non-compliance could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities, customers, data subjects or others. We may also experience difficulty retaining or obtaining new European or multi-national customers due to the compliance cost, potential risk exposure, and uncertainty for these entities, and we may experience significantly increased liability with respect to these customers pursuant to the terms set forth in our engagements with them. We may find it necessary to establish systems in the EU to maintain personal data originating from the EU, which may involve substantial expense and distraction from other aspects of our business. In the meantime, there could be uncertainty as to how to comply with EU privacy law.

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In addition, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 which took effect on January 1, 2020, and which will broadly define personal information, give California residents expanded privacy rights and protections and provide for civil penalties for violations. The effects of this legislation are potentially far-reaching and may require us to modify our data management practices and to incur substantial expense in an effort to comply.

Because the interpretation and application of many privacy and data protection laws along with contractually imposed industry standards are uncertain, it is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data management practices or the features of our products and platform capabilities. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, lawsuits, and other claims and penalties, we could be required to fundamentally change our business activities and practices or modify our products and platform capabilities, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Any inability to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable privacy and data security laws, regulations, and policies, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales, and adversely affect our business. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the laws, regulations, and policies that are applicable to the businesses of our customers may limit the use and adoption of, and reduce the overall demand for, our products. Privacy and data security concerns, whether valid or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our products, particularly in certain industries and foreign countries. If we are not able to adjust to changing laws, regulations, and standards related to the Internet, our business may be harmed.

We may be sued by third parties for various claims including alleged infringement of their proprietary rights.

We are involved in various legal matters arising from normal course of business activities. These may include claims, suits, and other proceedings involving alleged infringement of third-party patents and other intellectual property rights, as well as commercial, corporate and securities, labor and employment, wage and hour, and other matters. In particular, there has been considerable activity in our industry to develop and enforce intellectual property rights. Our success depends upon our not infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others. Our competitors, as well as a number of other entities and individuals, may own or claim to own intellectual property relating to our industry. In the past third parties have claimed and in the future third parties may claim that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon such rights.

We may experience future claims that our platform and underlying technology infringe or violate others’ intellectual property rights, and it is possible we may be found to be infringing upon such rights. We may be unaware of the intellectual property rights that others may claim cover some or all of our technology or services. Any claims or litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses and, if successfully asserted against us, could require that we pay substantial damages or ongoing royalty payments, prevent us from offering our services or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. We may also be obligated to indemnify our customers and business partners or to pay substantial settlement costs, including royalty payments, in connection with any such claim or litigation and to obtain licenses, modify our platform or refund fees, which could be costly. Even if we were to prevail in such a dispute, any litigation regarding our intellectual property could be costly, distracting and time-consuming and could harm our brand, business, results of operations and financial condition.

The profitability of our customer relationships may fluctuate.

Our business model focuses on maximizing the lifetime value of our customer relationships and we need to make significant investments in order to add new customers to grow our customer base. The profitability of a customer relationship in any particular period depends in part on how long the customer has been a subscriber on our platform. In general, the upfront costs associated with new customers are higher in the first year than the aggregate revenues we recognize from those new customers in the first year.

We review the lifetime value and associated acquisition costs of our customers, as discussed further in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this quarterly report. The lifetime value of our customers and customer acquisition costs has and will continue to fluctuate from one period to another depending upon the amount of our net new subscription revenues (which depends on the number of new customers in a period, upsells of additional modules to existing customers and changes in subscription fees charged to existing customers), gross margins (which depends on investments in and other changes to our cost of customer support and allocated overhead), sales and marketing expenses and renewal rates (which depend on our ability to maintain or grow subscription fees from customers). These amounts have fluctuated from quarter to quarter and will continue to fluctuate in the future. We may not experience lifetime value to customer acquisition cost ratios in future years or periods similar to those we have achieved to date. Furthermore, as a result of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible that customers may not renew or may temporarily halt paying us, which would adversely affect our lifetime value metrics.  Other companies may calculate lifetime value and customer acquisition costs differently than our chosen method and, therefore, may not be directly comparable.

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We depend on our senior management team and the loss of our chief executive officer or one or more key employees or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled employees could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our key executive officers. In particular, our chief executive officer, Robert Bernshteyn, is critical to our vision, strategic direction, culture and overall business success. We also rely on our leadership team in the areas of research and development, marketing, sales, services and general and administrative functions, and on mission-critical individual contributors in research and development. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. We do not maintain key-man insurance for Mr. Bernshteyn or any other member of our senior management team. We do not have employment agreements with our executive officers or other key personnel that require them to continue to work for us for any specified period and, therefore, they could terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of one or more of our executive officers or key employees could have a serious adverse effect on our business.

To execute our growth plan, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, especially for engineers with high levels of experience in designing and developing software for Internet-related services. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. If we hire employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or our company have breached their legal obligations, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources. In addition, job candidates and existing employees in the San Francisco Bay Area often consider the value of the stock awards they receive in connection with their employment. If the perceived value of our stock declines, it may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled employees. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be adversely affected.

If we cannot maintain our company culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, passion and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success and our business may be harmed.

We believe that a critical component of our success has been our company culture, which is based on our core values of ensuring customer success, focusing on results and striving for excellence. We have invested substantial time and resources in building our team within this company culture. As we grow we may find it difficult to maintain these important aspects of our company culture. If we fail to preserve our culture, our ability to retain and recruit personnel and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives could be compromised, potentially harming our business.

We have a history of cumulative losses, and we do not expect to be profitable for the foreseeable future.

We incurred net losses of $90.8 million, $55.5 million, and $43.8 million in the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and we incurred net losses of $14.8 million in the three months ended April 30, 2020. We had an accumulated deficit of $360.5 million at April 30, 2020. Our losses and accumulated deficit reflect the substantial investments we made to acquire new customers and develop our platform. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the future due to anticipated increases in sales and marketing expenses, research and development expenses, operations costs and general and administrative costs, and, therefore, we expect our losses to continue for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, to the extent we are successful in gaining new customers, we will also incur increased losses because many costs associated with acquiring new customers are generally incurred up front, while subscription revenues are generally recognized ratably over the terms of the agreements (typically three years, although some customers commit for longer or shorter periods). If we are unable to maintain consistent or increasing revenue or revenue growth, the market price of our common stock could be volatile, and it may be difficult for us to achieve and maintain profitability or maintain or increase cash flow on a consistent basis. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will achieve profitability in the future, or that, if we do become profitable, we will sustain profitability or achieve our target margins on a midterm or long-term basis.

We do not have a long history with our subscription or pricing models and changes could adversely affect our operating results.

We have limited experience with respect to determining the optimal prices and contract length for our platform. As the markets for our software subscriptions grow, as new competitors introduce new products or services that compete with ours or as we enter into new international markets, we may be unable to attract new customers at the same price or based on the same pricing model as we have used historically. Large customers, which are the focus of our sales efforts, may demand higher price discounts than in the past. As a result, in the future we may be required to reduce our prices, offer shorter contract durations or offer alternative pricing models, which could adversely affect our revenues, gross margin, profitability, financial position and cash flow.

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If we are not able to provide successful and timely enhancements, new features and modifications for our platform and modules, we may lose existing customers or fail to attract new customers and our revenues and financial performance may suffer.

If we are unable to provide enhancements and new features for our existing modules or new modules that achieve market acceptance or to integrate technology, products and services that we acquire into our platform, our business could be adversely affected. The success of enhancements, new features and modules depends on several factors, including the timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of the enhancements or new features or modules. Failure in this regard may significantly impair the growth of our revenues. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, delays in the planned release dates of enhancements to our platform, and we have discovered, and may in the future discover, errors in new releases after their introduction. Either situation could result in adverse publicity, loss of sales, delay in market acceptance of our platform or customer claims, including, among other things, warranty claims against us, any of which could cause us to lose existing customers or affect our ability to attract new customers.

We rely on Amazon Web Services to deliver our platform and modules to our customers, and any disruption in service from Amazon Web Services or material change to our arrangement with Amazon Web Services could adversely affect our business.

We rely upon Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) to operate certain aspects of our platform and any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS could impair our ability to deliver our platform and modules to our customers, resulting in customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation, loss of customers and harm to our business. We have architected our software and computer systems to use data processing, storage capabilities and other services provided by AWS. Currently, most of our cloud service infrastructure is run on AWS. Given this, we cannot easily switch our AWS operations to another cloud provider, so any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS would adversely affect our operations and potentially our business.

AWS provides us with computing and storage capacity pursuant to an agreement that continues until terminated by either party. AWS may terminate the agreement for cause with 30 days’ prior written notice, including any material default or breach of the agreement by us that we do not cure within the 30 day period. Additionally, AWS has the right to terminate the agreement immediately with notice to us in certain scenarios such as if AWS believes providing the services could create a substantial economic or technical burden or material security risk for AWS, or in order to comply with the law or requests of governmental entities. The agreement requires AWS to provide us their standard computing and storage capacity and related support in exchange for timely payment by us. If any of our arrangements with AWS were terminated, we could experience interruptions in our software as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging new facilities and services.

We utilize third-party data center hosting facilities operated by AWS, located in various facilities around the world. Our operations depend, in part, on AWS’s abilities to protect these facilities against damage or interruption due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, natural disasters, power or telecommunications failures, criminal acts, capacity constraints and similar events. For instance, in February 2017, AWS suffered a significant outage in the United States that had a widespread impact on the ability of certain of our customers to fully use our modules for a small period of time. Despite precautions taken at these data centers, the occurrence of spikes in usage volume, a natural disaster, an act of terrorism, vandalism or sabotage, a decision to close a facility without adequate notice or other unanticipated problems at a facility could result in lengthy interruptions in the availability of our platform. Even with current and planned disaster recovery arrangements, our business could be harmed. Also, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. These factors in turn could further reduce our revenues, subject us to liability and cause us to issue credits or cause customers to fail to renew their subscriptions, any of which could harm our business.

If we are unable to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock may be negatively affected.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and provide a management report on the internal controls over financial reporting, which must be attested to by our independent registered public accounting firm. If we have a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting (including in the control environment of our acquired companies), we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. In the future, we may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing, and any required remediation in a timely fashion, or otherwise assert that our internal controls are effective, and additionally, our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

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If in the future we identify material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting (including in the control environment of our acquired companies), if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, if we are unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Nasdaq or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources to address.

Our international operations and sales to customers outside the United States or with international operations expose us to risks inherent in international sales.

A key element of our growth strategy is to expand our international operations and develop a worldwide customer base. The revenues from non-U.S. regions, as determined based on the billing address of our customers, constituted 36%, 38% and 35% of our total revenues for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively, and constituted 34% of total revenues for the three months ended April 30, 2020. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks that are different from those in the United States. While we are gaining additional experience with international operations, our international expansion efforts may not be successful in creating additional demand for our platform outside of the United States or in effectively selling subscriptions to our platform in all of the international markets we enter. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to grow our combined revenues from non-U.S. regions as a percentage of our total revenues. In addition, we will face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business, including:

• the need to localize and adapt our platform for specific countries, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;

• data privacy laws that require customer data to be stored and processed in a designated territory;

• difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations and working with foreign partners;

• different pricing environments, longer sales cycles and longer accounts receivable payment cycles and collections issues;

• new and different sources of competition;

• weaker protection for intellectual property and other legal rights than in the United States and practical difficulties in enforcing intellectual property and other rights outside of the United States;

• laws and business practices favoring local competitors;

• compliance challenges related to the complexity of multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, privacy and data protection laws and regulations;

• increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;

• restrictions on the transfer of funds;

• fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could increase the price of our products outside of the United States, increase the expenses of our international operations and expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk;

• adverse tax consequences;

• unstable regional and economic political conditions;

• uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions imposed by government authorities to combat the virus, which may impact our international operations and growth prospects differently than our operations and growth prospects in the United States due to differences in, for example, virus transmission rates, the effectiveness of government responses, the quality of the regional health care systems, and the economic resilience of the regions, among other factors; and

• the fragmentation of longstanding regulatory frameworks caused by Brexit.

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As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international sales and operations. Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully, or to comply with these laws and regulations, could harm our operations, reduce our sales and harm our business, operating results and financial condition. For example, in certain foreign countries, particularly those with developing economies, certain business practices that are prohibited by laws and regulations applicable to us, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, may be more commonplace. Although we have policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, our employees, contractors and agents, as well as channel partners involved in our international sales, may take actions in violation of our policies. Any such violation could have an adverse effect on our business and reputation.

Some of our business partners also have international operations and are subject to the risks described above. Even if we are able to successfully manage the risks of international operations, our business may be adversely affected if our business partners are not able to successfully manage these risks.

If we fail to manage our technical operations infrastructure, our existing customers may experience service outages and our new customers may experience delays in the implementation of our platform.

We have experienced significant growth in the number of users, transactions and data that our operations infrastructure supports. We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity in our operations infrastructure to meet the needs of all of our customers, as well as to facilitate the rapid provision of new customer implementations and the expansion of existing customer implementations. In addition, we need to properly manage our technological operations infrastructure in order to support version control, changes in hardware and software parameters and the evolution of our platform. However, the provision of new hosting infrastructure requires significant lead time. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, website disruptions, outages and other performance problems. These problems may be caused by a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, viruses, security attacks, fraud, spikes in customer usage and denial of service issues. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. If we do not accurately predict our infrastructure requirements, our customers may experience service outages that may subject us to financial penalties, financial liabilities and customer losses. If our operations infrastructure fails to keep pace with increased sales, customers may experience delays as we seek to obtain additional capacity, which could adversely affect our revenue as well as our reputation.

Our business could be adversely affected if our customers are not satisfied with the implementation services provided by us or our partners.

Our business depends on our ability to satisfy our customers, both with respect to our platform and modules and the professional services that are performed to help our customers use features and functions that address their business needs. Professional services may be performed by our own staff, by a third-party partner or by a combination of the two. Our strategy is to work with partners to increase the breadth of capability and depth of capacity for delivery of these services to our customers, and we expect the number of our partner-led implementations to continue to increase over time. If a customer is not satisfied with the quality of work performed by us or a partner or with a virtual implementation or with the type of professional services or modules delivered, we may incur additional costs in addressing the situation, the profitability of that work might be impaired and the customer’s dissatisfaction with our services or those of our partners could damage our ability to retain that customer or expand the number of modules subscribed to by that customer. In addition, negative publicity related to our customer relationships, regardless of its accuracy, may further damage our business by affecting our ability to compete for new business with current and prospective customers.

We typically provide service level commitments under our customer contracts. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we could be obligated to provide credits or refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused subscription services or face contract terminations, which could adversely affect our revenues.

Our customer agreements typically provide service level commitments on a monthly basis. If we are unable to meet the stated service level commitments or suffer extended periods of unavailability for our platform, we may be contractually obligated to provide these customers with service credits, typically 10% of the customer’s subscription fees for the month in which the service level was not met, and we could face contract terminations, in which case we would be subject to refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused subscription services. Our revenues could be significantly affected if we suffer unexcused downtime under our agreements with our customers. Any extended service outages could adversely affect our reputation, revenues and operating results.

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If we fail to integrate our platform with a variety of third-party technologies, our platform may become less marketable and less competitive or obsolete and our operating results may be harmed.

Our platform must integrate with a variety of third-party technologies, and we need to continuously modify and enhance our platform to adapt to changes in cloud-enabled hardware, software, networking, browser and database technologies. Any failure of our platform to operate effectively with future technologies could reduce the demand for our platform, resulting in customer dissatisfaction and harm to our business. If we are unable to respond to these changes in a cost-effective manner or if third-party developers and technology are unable or unwilling to provide necessary or complementary integrations, our platform may become less marketable and less competitive or obsolete and our operating results may be negatively affected. In addition, an increasing number of individuals within the enterprise are utilizing mobile devices to access the Internet and corporate resources and to conduct business. If we cannot continue to effectively make our platform available on these mobile devices and offer the information, services and functionality required by enterprises that widely use mobile devices, we may experience difficulty attracting and retaining customers.

Any failure to offer high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.

Once our modules are implemented, our customers depend on our support organization to resolve technical issues relating to our modules. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services. We also may be unable to modify the format of our support services to compete with changes in support services provided by our competitors. Increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenues, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent on our platform and business reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality technical support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to sell subscriptions to our modules to existing and prospective customers and our business, operating results and financial position.

Failure to effectively develop and expand our marketing and sales capabilities could harm our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our platform.

Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our platform will depend to a significant extent on our ability to expand our marketing and sales operations, both domestically and internationally. We plan to continue expanding our direct sales force and engaging additional partners that can provide sales referrals. This expansion will require us to invest significant financial and other resources. Our business will be harmed if our efforts do not generate a corresponding increase in revenues. We may not achieve anticipated revenue growth from expanding our direct sales force if we are unable to hire and develop talented direct sales personnel, if our new direct sales personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time or if we are unable to retain our existing direct sales personnel. It often takes six months or longer before our sales representatives are fully-trained and productive. We also may not achieve anticipated growth in revenues from our partners if we are unable to attract and retain additional motivated partners, if any existing or future channel partners fail to successfully market, resell, implement or support our platform for their customers, or if they represent multiple providers and devote greater resources to market, resell, implement and support the products and solutions of these other providers. For example, some of our partners also sell or provide integration and administration services for our competitors’ products, and if such partners devote greater resources to marketing, reselling and supporting competing products, this could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The loss of one or more of our key customers could negatively affect our ability to market our platform.

We rely on our reputation and recommendations from key customers in order to promote subscriptions to our platform. The loss of any of our key customers could have a significant impact on our revenues, reputation and our ability to obtain new customers. We may lose customers for a variety of reasons, including the decision of a business customer to commence bankruptcy proceedings, restructure itself, dissolve or otherwise cease operations. We believe the risk of such events has increased with the recent COVID-19 pandemic and further increase as the pandemic continues. In addition, acquisitions of our customers by unrelated third parties could lead to cancellation of our contracts with those customers or by the acquiring companies, thereby reducing the number of our existing and potential customers.

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Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. Accounting for revenue from sales of subscriptions to software is particularly complex, is often the subject of intense scrutiny by the SEC and will evolve as FASB continues to consider applicable accounting standards in this area. A change in accounting principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results for periods prior and subsequent to such change. We may adopt new accounting standards retrospectively to prior periods and the adoption may result in an adverse change to previously reported results. Additionally, the adoption of these standards may potentially require enhancements or changes in our systems and will require significant time and cost on behalf of our financial management.

We may face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As our international operations expand, our exposure to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates grows because our international contracts are sometimes denominated in local currencies, in particular with respect to the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Swedish Krona, Swiss Franc, and Australian Dollar. Over time, an increasing portion of our international contracts may be denominated in local currencies. Therefore, as exchange rates vary, revenues, cost of revenues, operating expenses and other operating results, when re-measured, may differ materially from expectations. We do not currently engage in currency hedging activities to limit the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. However, in the future, we may use derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option contracts, to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any or more than a portion of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place. Additionally, the use of hedging instruments may introduce additional risks if we are unable to structure effective hedges with such instruments. Moreover, we anticipate growing our business further outside of the United States, and the effects of movements in currency exchange rates will increase as our transaction volume outside of the United States increases. These effects of movements in currency exchange rates could also affect our customers. A strengthening of the U.S. dollar could increase the real cost of our platform to our customers outside of the United States, which could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

If we cannot continue to expand the use of our platform, our ability to grow our business may be harmed and the growth rate of our revenues may decline.

Our ability to grow our business depends in part on our ability to compete in the market for the additional modules on our platform, including strategic sourcing, inventory, contracts, supplier management and spend analysis. Our efforts to market these other modules is relatively new and we have allocated significant resources to develop, acquire or otherwise bring to market these modules, and it is uncertain whether these other modules will ever result in significant revenues for us. While we have recently acquired businesses related to certain of these modules, there can be no assurance that these acquisitions will facilitate our efforts to market and sell these other modules in a cost-effective manner. Further, the introduction of new modules beyond these markets may not be successful.

Large customers often demand more configuration and integration services, or customized features and functions that we do not offer, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.

We have historically focused our sales and marketing efforts on large enterprise customers and expect this trend to continue in the near future.  Large customers may demand more configuration and integration services, which generally increases our upfront investment in sales and deployment efforts—even for deployments that are handled primarily by one of our implementation partners—with no guarantee that these customers will increase the scope of their subscription in order to offset our greater upfront costs. As a result of these factors, we and our partners must devote a significant amount of sales support and professional services resources to individual customers, increasing the cost and time required to complete sales. Additionally, our platform does not currently permit customers to modify our code. If prospective customers require customized features or functions that we do not offer and that would be difficult for them to deploy themselves, then the market for our platform will be more limited and our business could suffer.

If our platform fails to perform properly, our reputation could be adversely affected, our market share could decline and we could be subject to liability claims.

Our platform is inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors. Any defects in functionality or that cause interruptions in the availability of our platform could result in:

• loss or delayed market acceptance and sales;

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• breach of warranty claims;

• sales credits or refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused subscription services;

• loss of customers;

• loss of customer data;

• diversion of development and customer service resources; and

• Negative publicity and injury to our reputation.

The costs incurred in correcting any material defects or errors might be substantial and could adversely affect our operating results.

Because of the large amount of data that we collect and manage, it is possible that hardware failures or errors in our systems could result in data loss or corruption or cause the information that we collect to be incomplete or contain inaccuracies that our customers regard as significant. Furthermore, the availability or performance of our platform could be adversely affected by a number of factors, including customers’ inability to access the Internet, failure of our network or software systems, security breaches or variability in user traffic for our platform. We may be required to issue credits or refunds for prepaid amounts related to unused services or otherwise be liable to our customers for damages they incur resulting from certain of these events. For example, our customers access our modules through their Internet service providers. If a service provider fails to provide sufficient capacity to support our modules or otherwise experiences service outages, such failure could interrupt our customers’ access to our modules and adversely affect their perception of our modules’ reliability. In addition to potential liability, if we experience interruptions in the availability of our platform, our reputation could be adversely affected and we could lose customers.

Our errors and omissions insurance may be inadequate or may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, our policy may not cover all claims made against us and defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention.

Our growth depends in part on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.

We have established strategic relationships with a number of other companies. In order to grow our business, we anticipate that we will continue to establish and maintain relationships with third parties, such as implementation partners, system integrator partners and technology providers. Identifying partners, and negotiating and documenting relationships with them, requires significant time and resources. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to third parties to favor their products or services or to prevent or reduce subscriptions to our services. In addition, acquisitions of our partners by our competitors could result in a decrease in the number of our current and potential customers, as our partners may no longer facilitate the adoption of our platform by potential customers.

If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with third parties, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenues could be impaired and our operating results could suffer. Even if we are successful in our strategic relationships, we cannot assure you that these relationships will result in increased customer usage of our platform or increased revenues.

Our estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth that we have publicly disclosed may prove to be inaccurate, and even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate and could be adversely affected in the near term by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our estimates and forecasts relating to the size and expected growth of our market that we have publicly disclosed may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the market in which we compete meets our size estimates and forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates.

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Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could impair our ability to protect our proprietary technology and our brand.

Our success and ability to compete depend in part upon our intellectual property. We primarily rely on copyright, patent, trade secret and trademark laws, trade secret protection and confidentiality or contractual agreements with our employees, customers, partners and others to protect our intellectual property rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property rights may be inadequate.

In order to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to expend significant resources to monitor and protect such rights. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our failure to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could seriously adversely affect our brand and our business. For example, such failures could delay further sales or the implementation of our platform, impair the functionality of our platform, delay introductions of new modules, result in our substituting inferior or more costly technologies into our platform, or injure our reputation.

Our platform utilizes open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses could negatively affect our business.

Our platform utilizes software governed by open source licenses, including for example the MIT License and the Apache License. The terms of various open source licenses have not been interpreted by United States courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market our platform. By the terms of certain open source licenses, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software and make it available under open source licenses. In the event that portions of our proprietary software are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, or to re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our technologies and services. We have established processes to help alleviate these risks, but we cannot assure you that our processes for controlling our use of open source software in our platform will be effective. In addition to risks related to license requirements, the use of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with the use of open source software cannot be eliminated and could negatively affect our business.

We employ third-party licensed software for use in or with our platform, and the inability to maintain these licenses or errors in the software we license could result in increased costs, or reduced service levels, which could adversely affect our business.

Our platform incorporates certain third-party software obtained under licenses from other companies. We anticipate that we will continue to rely on such third-party software and development tools from third parties in the future. Although we believe that there are commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently license, this may not always be the case, or it may be difficult or costly to replace. In addition, integration of the software used in our platform with new third-party software may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources. Also, to the extent that our platform depends upon the successful operation of third-party software in conjunction with our software, any undetected errors or defects in this third-party software could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our platform, delay new module introductions, result in a failure of our modules and injure our reputation. Our use of additional or alternative third-party software would require us to enter into license agreements with third parties, which may be time consuming to negotiate or result in increased licensing costs.

We have incurred and will continue to incur significantly increased costs and devote substantial management time as a result of operating as a public company.

As a public company, we have incurred and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. For example, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are required to comply with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Global Select Market, including the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices. Compliance with these requirements has increased our legal and financial compliance costs and made some activities more time consuming and costly. In addition, our management and other personnel need to divert attention from operational and other business matters to devote substantial time to these public company requirements. In particular, we are incurring significant expenses and devoting substantial management effort toward ensuring ongoing compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We have hired and may need to continue to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge and maintain an internal audit function. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of being a public company.

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In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs, and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be adversely affected.

The rules and regulations applicable to public companies make it more expensive for us to obtain and maintain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.

Contractual disputes with our customers could be costly, time-consuming and harm our reputation.

Our business is contract intensive and we are party to contracts with our customers all over the world. Our contracts can contain a variety of terms, including service levels, security obligations, indemnification and regulatory requirements. Contract terms may not always be standardized across our customers and can be subject to differing interpretations, which could result in disputes with our customers from time to time. If our customers notify us of a contract breach or otherwise dispute our contract, the resolution of such disputes in a manner adverse to our interests could negatively affect our operating results.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as power disruptions, computer viruses, data security breaches or terrorism.

Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or flood, occurring at our headquarters, at one of our other facilities, at any of our cloud hosting provider facilities, or where a business partner is located could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, the rapid spread of COVID-19 globally in early 2020 has resulted in travel restrictions and in some cases, prohibitions of non-essential travel, disruption and shutdown of businesses and greater uncertainty in global financial markets. Prolonged health concerns or political or governmental developments in countries in which we or our customers, partners and service providers operate could result in further economic, social or labor instability, slow our sales process, result in customers not purchasing or renewing our products or failing to make payments, and could otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operations and financial condition. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and will include emerging information concerning the re-opening of private businesses, infection rates and the actions taken by governments and private businesses to attempt to contain and cope with COVID-19. Continued contractions in the travel and hospitality industries, along with any effects on supply chain or on other industries in which our customers or partners operate, could materially and adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Further, if a natural disaster or man-made problem were to affect Internet service providers, this could adversely affect the ability of our customers to use our products and platform. Although we maintain incident management and disaster response plans, in the event of a major disruption caused by a natural disaster or man-made problem, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in our development activities, lengthy interruptions in service, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to the tax laws of various jurisdictions, which are subject to unanticipated changes and to interpretation, which could harm our future results.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and foreign jurisdictions, and our domestic and international tax liabilities are subject to the allocation of expenses in differing jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings and losses in countries with differing statutory tax rates, certain non-deductible expenses as a result of acquisitions, the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in federal, state, or international tax laws and accounting principles.

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Further, each jurisdiction has different rules and regulations governing sales and use, value added, and similar taxes, and these rules and regulations are subject to varying interpretations that change over time. Certain jurisdictions in which we did not collect such taxes may assert that such taxes are applicable, which could result in tax assessments, penalties, and interest, and we may be required to collect such taxes in the future. In addition, we may be subject to income tax audits by many tax jurisdictions throughout the world, many of which have not established clear guidance on the tax treatment of cloud-based companies. Any tax assessments, penalties, and interest, or future requirements may adversely affect our results of operations. Moreover, imposition of such taxes on us going forward would effectively increase the cost of our products to our customers and might adversely affect our ability to retain existing customers or to gain new customers in the areas in which such taxes are imposed.

In addition, the application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions, including the United States, to our international business activities is subject to interpretation and depends on our ability to operate our business in a manner consistent with our corporate structure. As we operate in numerous taxing jurisdictions, the application of tax laws can also be subject to diverging and sometimes conflicting interpretations by tax authorities of these jurisdictions. Our determination of our tax liability is subject to review by applicable United States and foreign tax authorities. Any adverse outcome of such a review could harm our operating results and financial condition.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive federal tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes changes to the corporate tax rate, business-related deductions and taxation of foreign earnings, among others, that will generally be effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. These changes could have a material adverse impact on the value of our U.S. deferred tax assets, result in significant one-time charges in the current or future taxable years and increase our future U.S. tax expense. For example, while the Tax Act allows for federal net operating losses incurred in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 to be carried forward indefinitely, the Tax Act also imposes an 80% limitation on the use of net operating losses that are generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. We are continuing to evaluate the Tax Act and its requirements, as well as its application to our business and its impact on our effective tax rate. At this stage, it is unclear how many U.S. states will incorporate these federal law changes, or portions thereof, into their tax codes. The implementation by us of new practices and processes designed to comply with, and benefit from, the Tax Act and its rules and regulations could require us to make substantial changes to our business practices, allocate additional resources, and increase our costs, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to utilize a significant portion of our net operating loss or research tax credit carryforwards, which could adversely affect our potential profitability.

We have federal and state net operating loss carryforwards due to prior period losses, which if not utilized will begin to expire in 2026 and 2029 for federal and state purposes, respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our potential profitability.

In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, such as research tax credits, in any taxable year may be limited if we experience an “ownership change.” Such an “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. As of our initial public offering and our subsequent follow-on offering we have not had an ownership change that has triggered any material limitation on the use of our tax attributes for purposes of Section 382 of the Code. Subsequent changes in our stock ownership, however, could cause an “ownership change.” It is possible that an ownership change, or any future ownership change, could have a material effect on the use of our net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, which could adversely affect our potential profitability.

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We have incurred substantial indebtedness that may decrease our business flexibility, access to capital, and/or increase our borrowing costs, and we may still incur substantially more debt, which may adversely affect our operations and financial results.

In January 2018, we issued $230 million aggregate principal amount of 0.375% convertible senior notes due 2023, which we refer to as the 2023 Notes, and in June 2019, we issued $805 million aggregate principal amount of our 0.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025, which we refer to as our 2025 Notes, which we collectively refer to as the Convertible Notes. As of April 30, 2020, we had $614.1 million in total long-term liabilities outstanding, comprised primarily of $571.9 million related to the 2025 Notes. Our indebtedness may:

• limit our ability to borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general business purposes;

• limit our ability to use our cash flow or obtain additional financing for future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general business purposes;

• require us to use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make debt service payments;

• limit our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business and industry;

• place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our less leveraged competitors; and

• increase our vulnerability to the impact of adverse economic and industry conditions.

Further, the indenture governing the Convertible Notes does not restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness and we and our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in any future debt instruments existing at the time, some of which may be secured indebtedness.

Servicing our debt will require a significant amount of cash. We may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt, and we may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the Convertible Notes in cash or to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on, or to refinance our indebtedness, including the amounts payable under the Convertible Notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our indebtedness and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt, or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

Further, holders of the Convertible Notes have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a “fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes (the “indenture”)) before the maturity date at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Convertible Notes being converted. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of Convertible Notes surrendered therefor or pay cash with respect to Convertible Notes being converted.

The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes, when triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes is triggered, holders of the Convertible Notes will be entitled to convert their Convertible Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Convertible Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation in cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. As disclosed in Note 9 of notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, the conditional conversion feature of the 2023 Notes was triggered as of April 30, 2020.

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In addition, even if certain holders of Convertible Notes do not elect to convert their Convertible Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Convertible Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Convertible Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results.

Under Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”), an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the Convertible Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for the Convertible Notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date and the value of the equity component would be treated as debt discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the Convertible Notes. As a result, we will be required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the Convertible Notes to their face amount over the term of the Convertible Notes. We will report larger net losses (or lower net income) in our financial results because ASC 470-20 will require interest to include both the amortization of the debt discount and the instrument’s non-convertible coupon interest rate, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results, the trading price of our common stock and the trading price of the Convertible Notes.

In addition, under certain circumstances, convertible debt instruments (such as the Convertible Notes) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash may be accounted for utilizing the treasury stock method, the effect of which is that the shares issuable upon conversion of such Convertible Notes are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of such Convertible Notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, for diluted earnings per share purposes, the transaction is accounted for as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess, if we elected to settle such excess in shares, are issued. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit the use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable or otherwise elect not to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, then our diluted earnings per share could be adversely affected.

The capped call transactions may affect the value of the Convertible Notes and our common stock.

In connection with the pricing of the Convertible Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with certain financial institutions. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce or offset the potential dilution upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.

In connection with establishing their initial hedges of the capped call transactions, these financial institutions or their respective affiliates likely purchased shares of our common stock and/or entered into various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock concurrently with or shortly after the pricing of the Convertible Notes. These financial institutions or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions following the pricing of the Convertible Notes and prior to the maturity of the Convertible Notes (and are likely to do so during any observation period related to a conversion of Convertible Notes). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock or the Convertible Notes.

The potential effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the price of our common stock or the Convertible Notes will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of these activities could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

Conversion of the Convertible Notes will dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders, including holders who had previously converted their Convertible Notes, or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock.

The conversion of some or all of the Convertible Notes will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent we deliver shares of our common stock upon conversion of any of the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes are currently convertible and may from time to time in the future be convertible at the option of their holders prior to their scheduled terms under certain circumstances. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Convertible Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Convertible Notes could be used to satisfy short positions, or anticipated conversion of the Convertible Notes into shares of our common stock could depress the price of our common stock.

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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our stock price has been subject to fluctuations, and will likely continue to be subject to fluctuations and decline, due to factors beyond our control and you may lose all or part of your investment.

The market price of our common stock is subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors, as well as the volatility of our common stock, could affect the price at which our convertible noteholders could sell the common stock received upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and could also impact the trading price of the Convertible Notes. Since shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in October 2016 at a price of $18.00 per share, the reported high and low sales prices of our common stock has ranged from $22.50 to $180.54 through April 30, 2020. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

• the overall performance of the equity markets;

• our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;

• changes in our projected or target operating results and key metrics that we provide to the public, as well as those published by research analysts that follow our stock, our failure to meet or exceed these projections or targets or changes in recommendations by securities analysts;

• changes in our financial, operating or other metrics, regardless of whether we consider those metrics as reflective of the current state or long-term prospects of our business, and how those results compare to securities analyst expectations, including whether those results fail to meet, exceed, or significantly exceed securities analyst expectations;

• announcements of technological innovations, pricing changes, new software or enhancements to services, acquisitions, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;

• announcements of our intent to conduct debt or equity financings or repurchases, redemptions, conversions or the like;

• disruptions in our services due to computer hardware, software or network problems;

• announcements of customer additions and customer cancellations or delays in customer purchases;

• recruitment or departure of key personnel;

• the economy as a whole, market conditions in our industry and the industries of our customers;

• extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related expenses or settlement payments;

• conversion of the Convertible Notes;

• the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on the global economy, our results of operations, enterprise software spending and business continuity;

• the size of our market float; and

• any other factors discussed in this quarterly report.

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and adversely affect our business.

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Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that they might occur, could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

The price of our common stock could decline if there are substantial sales of our common stock, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers, and significant stockholders. The shares held by these persons may be sold in the public market in the United States, subject to prior registration in the United States, if required, or reliance upon an exemption from United States registration, including, in the case of shares held by affiliates or control persons, compliance with the volume restrictions of Rule 144. In addition, some of our executive officers have entered into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans under which they have contracted with a broker to sell shares of our common stock on a periodic basis.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, for whatever reason, including as a result of the conversion of the outstanding Convertible Notes, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline or make it more difficult for our stockholders to sell their common stock at a time and price that they deem appropriate and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity or equity linked securities. In addition, we have filed a registration statement to register shares reserved for future issuance under our equity compensation plans. Subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods and, in the case of shares held by affiliates or control persons, compliance with the volume restrictions of Rule 144, the shares issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options, settlement of outstanding restricted stock units, or conversion of the Convertible Notes into common stock will be available for immediate resale in the United States in the open market.

We have also reserved a substantial amount of shares of our common stock in connection with awards issued under our equity incentive plans and upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, the issuance of which will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such issuance or conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.

We are unable to predict the effect that sales, or the perception that our shares may be available for sale, will have on the prevailing market price of our common stock and the trading price of the Convertible Notes.

If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If industry analysts cease coverage of us, the trading price for our common stock and the trading price of the Convertible Notes will be negatively affected. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business or if our results fall short of the projected results published by one or more research analyst, our common stock price and the trading price of the Convertible Notes will likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which might cause our common stock price and trading volume, and the trading price of the Convertible Notes, to decline.

In addition, independent industry analysts, such as Gartner and Forrester, often provide reviews of our products and platform capabilities, as well as those of our competitors, and perception of our offerings in the marketplace may be significantly influenced by these reviews. We have no control over what these industry analysts report, and because industry analysts may influence current and potential customers, our brand could be harmed if they do not provide a positive review of our products and platform capabilities or view us as a market leader.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, stockholders, including holders of our Convertible Notes who receive shares of our common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment.

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Delaware law, provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (“Restated Certificate”) and amended and restated bylaws (“Restated Bylaws”), and provisions in the indenture for our Convertible Notes could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our common stock and Convertible Notes.

Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our Restated Certificate and Restated Bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult, including the following:

• the requirement of a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors;

• the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquiror;

• the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

• a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

• the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders be called only by a majority vote of our entire board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors or our chief executive officer, which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including to remove directors;

• the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend the provisions of our Restated Certificate relating to the management of our business or our Restated Bylaws, which may inhibit the ability of an acquiror to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and

• advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquiror from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a certain period of time. A Delaware corporation may opt out of this provision by express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or by amendment to its certificate of incorporation or bylaws approved by its stockholders. However, we have not opted out of this provision.

In addition, if a fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes, holders of the Convertible Notes will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Convertible Notes. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture) occurs prior the maturity date, we will in some cases be required to increase the conversion rate of the Convertible Notes for a holder that elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. These features of the Convertible Notes may make a potential acquisition more expensive for a potential acquiror, which may in turn make it less likely for a potential acquiror to offer to purchase our company, or reduce the amount of consideration offered for each share of our common stock in a potential acquisition.  Furthermore, the indenture prohibits us from engaging in certain mergers or acquisitions unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the Convertible Notes.

These and other provisions in our Restated Certificate, Restated Bylaws, Convertible Notes, indenture and in Delaware law could deter or prevent a third party from acquiring us or could make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirors to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are opposed by our then-current board of directors, including to delay or impede a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest involving our company. The existence of these provisions could negatively affect the price of our common stock and the trading price of the Convertible Notes and limit opportunities for you to realize value in a corporate transaction.

66

Our Restated Certificate provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our Restated Certificate provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our Restated Certificate or our Restated Bylaws or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees and may discourage these types of lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we might incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions. For the avoidance of doubt, these choice of forum provisions may not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Not applicable.

67

Item 6. Exhibits.

We have filed the exhibits listed below.

Exhibit Index

Exhibit		Incorporated by Reference
Number	Exhibit Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1†	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2†	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

† The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Coupa Software Incorporated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

68

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Coupa Software Incorporated
Date: June 8, 2020	By:	/s/ Robert Bernshteyn
		Robert Bernshteyn
		Chief Executive Officer, Director and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: June 8, 2020	By:	/s/ Todd Ford
		Todd Ford
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

69

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Robert Bernshteyn, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Coupa Software Incorporated;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 8, 2020	By:	/s/ Robert Bernshteyn
	Name:	Robert Bernshteyn
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		and Chairman of the Board
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Todd Ford, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Coupa Software Incorporated;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 8, 2020	By:	/s/ Todd Ford
	Name:	Todd Ford
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Robert Bernshteyn, Chief Executive Officer of Coupa Software Incorporated (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1)The quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the Company for the quarter ended April 30, 2020 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 8, 2020	By:	/s/ Robert Bernshteyn
	Name:	Robert Bernshteyn
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		and Chairman of the Board
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Todd Ford, Chief Financial Officer of Coupa Software Incorporated (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1)The quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the Company for the quarter ended April 30, 2020 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 8, 2020	By:	/s/ Todd Ford
	Name:	Todd Ford
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Marketable Securities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Investments Debt And Equity Securities [Abstract]

Summary of Available-for-sale Marketable Securities Excluding Securities Classified within Cash and Cash Equivalents on Consolidated Balance Sheets

The following is a summary of available-for-sale marketable securities, excluding those securities classified within cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

	April 30, 2020
	Amortized Costs		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	273,635	$	1,734	$	—		$	275,369
Corporate notes and bonds		120,234		559		(60	)		120,733
Asset backed securities		5,014		21		—			5,035
U.S. agency obligations		5,001		—		(2	)		4,999
Certificates of deposit		3,838		—		—			3,838
Total marketable securities	$	407,722	$	2,314	$	(62	)	$	409,974

	January 31, 2020
	Amortized Costs		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	306,871	$	324	$	—	$	307,195
Corporate notes and bonds		155,751		272		—		156,023
Commercial paper		15,977		—		—		15,977
Asset backed securities		15,501		17		—		15,518
Certificates of deposit		4,447		—		—		4,447
Total marketable securities	$	498,547	$	613	$	—	$	499,160

Schedule of Fair Values of Available-for-sale Marketable Securities by Remaining Contractual Maturity

As of April 30, 2020, the fair values of available-for-sale marketable securities, by remaining contractual maturity, were as follows (in thousands):

Due within one year	$	331,806
Due in one year through five years	78,168
Total	$	409,974

XML

Business Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segment Information

Note 13. Business Segment Information

The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The CEO reviews the financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating the Company’s financial performance. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it operates in a single reporting segment: cloud platform.

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Changes in Goodwill

The following tables represent the changes in goodwill (in thousands):

Balance at January 31, 2020	$	442,112
Adjustment		974
Balance at April 30, 2020	$	443,086

Summary of Other Intangible Assets Balances

The following table summarizes the other intangible assets balances (in thousands):

			As of
			April 30, 2020							January 31, 2020
	Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives (in Years)		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology		3.6	$	125,135	$	(33,650	)	$	91,485	$	125,135	$	(26,840	)	$	98,295
Customer relationships		3.9		38,294		(9,991	)		28,303		38,294		(8,061	)		30,233
Trademarks		0.1		955		(948	)		7		955		(823	)		132
Total other intangible assets			$	164,384	$	(44,589	)	$	119,795	$	164,384	$	(35,724	)	$	128,660

Future Amortization Expense of Other Intangible Assets

As of April 30, 2020, the future amortization expense of other intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending January 31,
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	26,228
2022		34,538
2023		29,985
2024		23,868
2025		5,176
Thereafter		—
Total	$	119,795

XML

Organization and Description of Business

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Description of Business

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

Coupa Software Incorporated (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2006. The Company provides a comprehensive, cloud-based business spend management (or “BSM”) platform that provides greater visibility into and control over how companies spend money. The BSM platform enables businesses to achieve savings that drive profitability. The Company is based in San Mateo, California.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31.

XML

Significant Customers and Geographic Information - Revenues by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Entity Wide Information Revenue From External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 119,214	$ 81,344
United States
Entity Wide Information Revenue From External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	78,716	50,780
Foreign Countries
Entity Wide Information Revenue From External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 40,498	$ 30,564

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 119,214,000	$ 81,344,000
Cost of revenues:
Cost of revenues	42,838,000	27,329,000
Gross profit	76,376,000	54,015,000
Operating expenses:
Research and development	26,719,000	21,014,000
Sales and marketing	46,139,000	33,610,000
General and administrative	9,144,000	17,198,000
Total operating expenses	82,002,000	71,822,000
Loss from operations	(5,626,000)	(17,807,000)
Interest expense	(12,289,000)	(3,175,000)
Interest income and other, net	3,328,000	924,000
Loss before provision for income taxes	(14,587,000)	(20,058,000)
Provision for income taxes	229,000	410,000
Net loss	$ (14,816,000)	$ (20,468,000)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (0.23)	$ (0.34)
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	65,468	60,785
Subscription
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 105,735,000	$ 72,957,000
Cost of revenues:
Cost of revenues	29,002,000	17,403,000
Professional Services and Other
Revenues:
Revenues	13,479,000	8,387,000
Cost of revenues:
Cost of revenues	$ 13,836,000	$ 9,926,000

XML

Net Loss per Share - Potentially Dilutive Securities Not Included in Diluted per Share Calculations (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	7,698,379	10,287,688
Options to purchase common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	3,824,566	6,097,917
RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	3,399,474	3,582,499
Unvested common shares subject to repurchase
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	66,450	161,651
Shares committed under the ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	30,751	30,913
Contingent stock consideration for DCR acquisition
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	377,138	377,138
Holdback shares for Aquiire acquisition
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share		37,570

XML

Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		171 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2016 $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($) Vote Period $ / shares shares	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($) Vote $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock voting rights			Each share of common stock has the right to one vote.
Number of common stock voting rights | Vote			1		1
Dividends declared | $					$ 0
Dividends paid | $					$ 0
Preferred stock, shares authorized			25,000,000		25,000,000	25,000,000
Preferred stock, par value | $ / shares			$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares issued			0		0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding			0		0	0
Aggregate intrinsic value of exercised options | $			$ 59,500,000	$ 76,800,000
Number of stock options granted			0
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted | $ / shares				$ 41.81
Total grant date fair value of options vested | $			$ 1,500,000	$ 2,000,000.0
Stock-based compensation expense recognized for market-based awards | $			24,197,000	16,845,000
Capitalized Software Development Costs
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation capitalized in capitalized software development costs | $			$ 2,400,000	$ 1,200,000
2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance			1,860,302		1,860,302
Increase in number of shares reserved for issuance as percentage of outstanding shares of common stock on last day of prior fiscal year			1.00%
Increase in common stock reserved for issuance shares			1,250,000		1,250,000
Duration of maximum offering period			27 months
Initial offering period end date			Sep. 15, 2018
Duration of new offering period			24 months
Number of consecutive purchase periods | Period			4
Duration of consecutive purchase period			6 months
Maximum percentage of eligible compensation for participants to purchase common stock through payroll deductions			15.00%		15.00%
Purchase price for each share of common stock as percentage of lower of fair market value per share on first day of applicable offering period			85.00%
Number of shares of common stock purchased			1,267,131
Total unrecognized compensation cost | $			$ 9,200,000		$ 9,200,000
Total unrecognized compensation cost, weighted-average amortization period			1 year 6 months
Minimum | 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)			6 months	6 months
Maximum | 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)			2 years	2 years
Employee Stock Options
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)				6 years
Market-Based Award
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)			3 years
2016 Equity Incentive Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance			10,051,349		10,051,349
Increase in number of shares reserved for issuance as percentage of outstanding shares of common stock on last day of prior fiscal year			5.00%
2016 Equity Incentive Plan | Market Based Restricted Stock Unit Awards
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Number of RSUs Outstanding, Awards granted			100,178
Performance term			3 years
2016 Equity Incentive Plan | Market Based Restricted Stock Unit Awards | Minimum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Options earning percentage			0.00%
2016 Equity Incentive Plan | Market Based Restricted Stock Unit Awards | Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Options earning percentage			200.00%
2016 Equity Incentive Plan | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Number of RSUs Outstanding, Awards granted			922,039
Total unrecognized compensation cost, weighted-average amortization period			2 years 8 months 12 days
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units | $			$ 295,800,000		$ 295,800,000
2006 Stock Plan | Market-Based Award | Chief Executive Officer
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Number of stock options granted		544,127
Stock options granted, exercise price | $ / shares		$ 13.04
Stock option vesting period		4 years
Stock option, number of shares vested and exercisable			487,447		487,447
Stock-based compensation expense recognized for market-based awards | $			$ 1,000,000.0	$ 410,000
2016 Equity Plan | Market-Based Award | Chief Executive Officer
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Number of stock options granted	334,742
Stock options granted, exercise price | $ / shares	$ 48.47
Stock option vesting period	4 years
Stock option, number of shares vested and exercisable			0		0
2006 Stock Plan and 2016 Equity Incentive Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options | $			$ 9,600,000		$ 9,600,000
2006 Stock Plan and 2016 Equity Incentive Plan | Employee Stock Options
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost, weighted-average amortization period			2 years

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Fair Value Hierarchy for Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		$ 409,974	$ 499,160
Corporate notes and bonds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		120,733	156,023
U.S. treasury securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		275,369	307,195
U.S. agency obligations
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		4,999
Asset backed securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		5,035	15,518
Fair value measurements recurring
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets		587,318	621,413
Total liabilities			12,500
Fair value measurements recurring | Certificates of deposit
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		3,838	4,447
Fair value measurements recurring | Money market funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	[1]	177,344	120,242
Fair value measurements recurring | Corporate notes and bonds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	[1]		2,011
Marketable securities		120,733	156,023
Fair value measurements recurring | U.S. treasury securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		275,369	307,195
Fair value measurements recurring | U.S. agency obligations
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		4,999
Fair value measurements recurring | Commercial paper
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities			15,977
Fair value measurements recurring | Asset backed securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		5,035	15,518
Fair value measurements recurring | Contingent consideration payable
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other liabilities			12,500
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 1
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets		177,344	120,242
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 1 | Money market funds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	[1]	177,344	120,242
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 2
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets		409,974	501,171
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 2 | Certificates of deposit
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		3,838	4,447
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 2 | Corporate notes and bonds
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	[1]		2,011
Marketable securities		120,733	156,023
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 2 | U.S. treasury securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		275,369	307,195
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 2 | U.S. agency obligations
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		4,999
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 2 | Commercial paper
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities			15,977
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 2 | Asset backed securities
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable securities		$ 5,035	15,518
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 3
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total liabilities			12,500
Fair value measurements recurring | Level 3 | Contingent consideration payable
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other liabilities			$ 12,500

[1] Included in cash and cash equivalents.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 442,112
Adjustment	974
Ending balance	$ 443,086

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Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 24,197	$ 16,845
Subscription
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	2,158	1,388
Professional services and other
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	2,412	1,445
Research and development
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	6,124	4,048
Sales and marketing
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	7,513	4,839
General and administrative
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 5,990	$ 5,125

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Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock Options, grants	0
2006 Stock Plan and 2016 Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock Options, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	4,233,435
Stock Options, exercised	(404,858)
Stock Options, forfeited	(4,011)
Stock Options, Outstanding, Ending Balance	3,824,566	4,233,435
Stock Options, Exercisable	3,075,574
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 17.28
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options exercised	7.97
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options forfeited	12.52
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Options Outstanding, Ending Balance	18.27	$ 17.28
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Exercisable	$ 11.44
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years), Options Outstanding	6 years 2 months 8 days	6 years 4 months 9 days
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years), Exercisable	5 years 9 months 29 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Options Outstanding	$ 603,589	$ 609,061
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable	$ 506,393

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Non-cancelable operating leases expiration dates	through July 2027
Long term leases costs	$ 2,600,000	$ 1,800,000
Short term leases costs	300,000	400,000
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	2,700,000	1,700,000
Operating lease,right-of-use assets obtained in exchange of lease obligations	$ 125,000	$ 1,100,000
Operating lease, weighted-average remaining lease term	4 years
Operating lease, weighted-average discount rate	6.36%

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Business Combinations - Summary of Major Classes of Assets and Liabilities Allocated the Purchase Price (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Dec. 13, 2019	May 06, 2019
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 443,086	$ 442,112
Yapta
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents			$ 333
Accounts receivable			3,700
Intangible assets			39,710
Other assets			1,648
Goodwill			70,694
Deferred tax liability, net			(2,347)
Accounts payable and other liabilities			(2,554)
Total consideration			$ 111,184
Exari
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents				$ 6,337
Accounts receivable				7,863
Intangible assets				57,000
Other assets				5,646
Goodwill				163,170
Deferred revenue				(4,443)
Deferred tax liability, net				(11,046)
Accounts payable and other liabilities				(6,232)
Other non-current liabilities				(3,679)
Total consideration				$ 214,616

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Remaining Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities and Future Purchase Obligations

Additionally, the Company has current contractual purchase obligations for hosting services that support business operations. As of April 30, 2020, the remaining maturities of operating lease liabilities and future purchase obligations are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending January 31,	Operating Lease Obligations			Future Purchase Obligations of Hosting Services
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	7,453		$	7,294
2022		9,108			14,121
2023		8,165			15,000
2024		7,262			2,500
2025		2,661			—
Thereafter		917			—
Total payments		35,566		$	38,915
Less imputed interest		(4,046	)
Total	$	31,520

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Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details1) - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2020-05-01	Apr. 30, 2020
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenue expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligation with in next 24 months	75.00%
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	24 months

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Convertible Senior Notes

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Senior Notes

Note 9. Convertible Senior Notes

2025 Notes

In June 2019, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain counterparties relating to the Company’s sale of $805.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 0.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 to the counterparties in a private placement in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and for initial resale by the Initial Purchasers to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The 2025 Notes consisted of a $700.0 million initial placement and an overallotment option that provided the initial purchasers of the 2025 Notes with the option to purchase an additional $105.0 million of the 2025 Notes, which was exercised in full by the counterparties prior to the 2025 Notes issuance. On June 11, 2019, for a total of $805.0 million, the 2025 Notes were issued in accordance with an Indenture (the “Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee.

The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2025 Notes were $667.4 million, net of debt issuance costs, including the underwriting discount and the cash used to purchase the capped call, discussed below.

The 2025 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company, and interest is payable semi-annually in cash at a rate of 0.125% per annum on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2019. The 2025 Notes will mature on June 15, 2025 unless redeemed, repurchased or converted prior to such date. Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 15, 2025, the 2025 Notes are convertible at the option of holders during certain periods, upon satisfaction of certain conditions. On or after March 15, 2025, the 2025 Notes are convertible at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. The 2025 Notes will have an initial conversion rate of 6.2658 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $159.60 per share of its common stock). The conversion rate is subject to customary adjustments for certain events as described in the Indenture. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election. It is the Company’s current intent to settle conversions of the 2025 Notes through combination settlement, which involves repayment of the principal portion in cash and any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount in shares of its common stock.

Holders may convert their 2025 Notes, at their option, prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 15, 2025, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances:

• during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on July 31, 2019 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of its common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

• during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “Measurement Period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Notes for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sales price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

• after the Company’s issuance of a notice of redemption and prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

• upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as defined in the Indenture.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change, as described in the Indenture, subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2025 Notes. The fundamental change repurchase price is equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. If holders elect to convert their 2025 Notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change or during a redemption period, as described in the Indenture, the Company will, to the extent provided in the Indenture, increase the conversion rate applicable to the 2025 Notes.

The 2025 Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of its indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2025 Notes, and equal in right of payment to any of its indebtedness that is not so subordinated. The 2025 Notes are effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) and any preferred equity of its current or future subsidiaries.

The Indenture contains customary events of default with respect to the 2025 Notes and provides that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, the Trustee may, and the Trustee at the request of holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the 2025 Notes shall declare all principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, of the 2025 Notes to be due and payable. In case of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, involving the Company, all of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the 2025 Notes will automatically become due and payable.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2025 Notes, the Company separated the 2025 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature using a discounted cash flow model with a discount rate determined using observable yields for stand-alone debt instruments with a comparable credit rating and term. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2025 Notes as a whole. The difference between the principal amount of the 2025 Notes and the liability component, equal to $252.9 million (the “debt discount”), is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2025 Notes. The equity component of the 2025 Notes will not be remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

The Company incurred $18.8 million of transaction costs related to the issuance of the 2025 Notes. The Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the 2025 Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2025 Notes using the effective interest method, and issuance costs attributable to the equity component are included along with the equity component in stockholders' equity.

The 2025 Notes were not convertible at April 30, 2020, as none of the 2025 Notes conversion conditions were met.

2023 Notes

In January 2018, the Company issued 2023 Notes in aggregate principal amount of $230.0 million in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes are $200.4 million, net of debt issuance costs, including the underwriting discount and the cash used to purchase the capped call, discussed below. The 2023 Notes have an initial conversion rate of 22.4685 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $44.5068 per share of its common stock). The interest rate is fixed at 0.375% per annum for the 2023 Notes and is payable semi-annually in arrears on July 15 and January 15 of each year, which commenced on July 15, 2018. Refer to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended January 31, 2019 for details of the issuance of 2023 Notes.

For more than twenty trading days during the thirty consecutive trading days ended April 30, 2020, the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the 2023 Notes. As a result, the 2023 Notes were convertible at the option of the holders and remained classified as current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2020.

The conversion condition for the 2023 Notes was initially met during the three months ended April 30, 2019, and has been met for each subsequent fiscal quarter. Through April 30 2020, the Company received conversion requests on the principal amount of the 2023 Notes totaling approximately $96.0 million, out of which approximately $92.0 million on the principal amount was settled during the quarter ended April 30, 2020 by paying cash for the principal amount of $92.0 million and issuing approximately 1.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock, bearing a fair value of approximately $203.4 million. During the quarter ended April 30, 2020, the Company recognized a gain on conversion of the convertible senior notes of approximately $2.6 million representing the net carrying amount in excess of the fair value of the liability component of the converted notes on the respective settlement dates. The amount is included in interest income and other, net in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

In relation to the $4.0 million principal amount of unsettled conversion requests, as of April 30, 2020, the Company reclassified a portion of the equity of approximately $752,000, representing the difference between the principal and net carrying amount of the notes requested for conversion, into temporary equity, as these requests will be settled during the subsequent quarter. In addition, from May 1, 2020 to the date of this filing, the Company has received additional conversion requests for $28.9 million principal amount, which are expected to be settled during the quarter ending July 31, 2020.

The 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of						As of
	April 30, 2020						January 31, 2020
	2025 Notes			2023 Notes			2025 Notes			2023 Notes
Liability:
Principal	$	805,000		$	137,953		$	805,000		$	230,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs (1)		(233,103	)		(23,788	)		(242,388	)		(42,885	)
Net carrying amount	$	571,897		$	114,165		$	562,612		$	187,115
Carrying amount of the equity component (2)	$	246,967		$	41,441		$	246,967		$	60,470

(1) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within Convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining lives of the Notes. The 2025 Notes are classified as long-term liabilities and the 2023 Notes are classified as current liabilities.

(2) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within additional paid-in capital and temporary equity.

The effective interest rates of the liability component of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, excluding each notes conversions options, is 7.05% and 7.66%, respectively. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 2025 Notes exceeded the principal amount by $83.2 million and $7.8 million, respectively. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 2023 Notes exceeded the principal amount by $407.9 million and $602.8 million, respectively.

During the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $11.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of interest expense related to the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, and $400,000 and $200,000, respectively, of coupon interest expense.     

As of April 30, 2020, the remaining life of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes is approximately 5.1 years and 2.7 years, respectively.

Capped Calls

In conjunction with the issuance of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, the Company entered into capped call transactions (the “Capped Calls”) on the Company’s stock with certain counterparties at a price of $118.7 million and $23.3 million, respectively.

The Capped Calls exercise price is equal to the initial conversion price of each of the Convertible Notes, and the cap price is $295.55 per share for 2025 Notes and $63.821 per share for 2023 Notes, both subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call transactions. If either convertible notes conversion option is exercised, the corresponding convertible note capped call will become exercisable on the same date. As of the date of filing, the Company has not exercised the Capped Calls.

By entering into the Capped Calls, the Company expects to reduce the potential dilution to its common stock (or, in the event the conversion is settled in cash, to reduce its cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion its stock price exceeds the conversion price.

The cost of the Capped Calls is not expected to be tax-deductible as the Company did not elect to integrate the Capped Calls into the respective convertible notes for tax purposes. The cost of the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction of the Company’s additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

The following table summarizes the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at April 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:(1)
Money market funds	$	177,344	$	—	$	—	$	177,344
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury securities		—		275,369		—		275,369
Corporate notes and bonds		—		120,733		—		120,733
Asset backed securities		—		5,035		—		5,035
U.S. agency obligations		—		4,999		—		4,999
Certificate of deposit		—		3,838		—		3,838
Total assets	$	177,344	$	409,974	$	—	$	587,318

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents.

The following table summarizes the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at January 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:(1)
Money market funds	$	120,242	$	—	$	—	$	120,242
Corporate notes and bonds		—		2,011		—		2,011
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury securities		—		307,195		—		307,195
Corporate notes and bonds		—		156,023		—		156,023
Commercial paper		—		15,977		—		15,977
Asset backed securities		—		15,518		—		15,518
Certificates of deposit		—		4,447		—		4,447
Total assets	$	120,242	$	501,171	$	—	$	621,413
Other liabilities:
Contingent consideration payable	$	—	$	—	$	12,500	$	12,500
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,500	$	12,500

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents.

The contingent consideration payable of $12.5 million as of January 31, 2020 represents the estimated fair value of the additional variable cash consideration payable in connection with the acquisition of Yapta that is contingent upon the achievement of Yapta’s revenues target during the twelve months from the transaction closing day. As of April 30, 2020, the contingent consideration payable of $12.5 million was reversed as a result of a reassessment of the fair value. Refer to Note 4, “Business Combinations”, for further details on the contingent consideration.

The Company has $805.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.125% convertible senior notes due in 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and $138.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.375% convertible senior notes due in 2023 (the “2023 Notes” and together with the 2025 Notes, the “Convertible Notes”), outstanding as of April 30, 2020. Refer to Note 9, “Convertible Senior Notes” for further details on the Convertible Notes.

The Company carries the Convertible Notes at par value less the portion allocated to equity and the related unamortized discount and issuance costs on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and presents the fair value for disclosure purposes only. The estimated fair value of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, based on a market approach as of April 30, 2020 was approximately $1,027.6 million and $546.0 million, respectively, which represents a Level 2 valuation. The estimated fair value of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, based on a market approach as of January 31, 2020 was approximately $1,015.3 million and $858.3 million, respectively, which represents a Level 2 valuation. The estimated fair value was determined based on the estimated or actual bids and offers of the Convertible Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trade completed prior to the end of the period.

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Remaining Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities and Future Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Operating Lease Obligations
2021 (remaining nine months)	$ 7,453
2022	9,108
2023	8,165
2024	7,262
2025	2,661
Thereafter	917
Total payments	35,566
Less imputed interest	(4,046)
Total	31,520
Future Purchase Obligations of Hosting Services
2021 (remaining nine months)	7,294
2022	14,121
2023	15,000
2024	2,500
Total payments	$ 38,915

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Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Assumptions used to Estimate Fair Values of Stock Options Granted (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Employee Stock Options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)		6 years
Volatility		42.70%
Risk-free interest rate		2.40%
Market-Based Award
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	3 years
Volatility	48.40%
Risk-free interest rate	0.40%
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Volatility, minimum	48.60%	45.50%
Volatility, maximum	54.80%	65.90%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	0.30%	2.40%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	0.40%	2.50%
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Minimum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 months	6 months
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Maximum
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	2 years	2 years

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Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Parenthetical) (Details) - 2006 Stock Plan and 2016 Plan - shares	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options outstanding number	3,824,566	4,233,435
Market and Service Based Stock Options
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options outstanding number	878,869

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Convertible Senior Notes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Debt Instruments [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Convertible Senior Notes

The 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of						As of
	April 30, 2020						January 31, 2020
	2025 Notes			2023 Notes			2025 Notes			2023 Notes
Liability:
Principal	$	805,000		$	137,953		$	805,000		$	230,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs (1)		(233,103	)		(23,788	)		(242,388	)		(42,885	)
Net carrying amount	$	571,897		$	114,165		$	562,612		$	187,115
Carrying amount of the equity component (2)	$	246,967		$	41,441		$	246,967		$	60,470

(1) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within Convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining lives of the Notes. The 2025 Notes are classified as long-term liabilities and the 2023 Notes are classified as current liabilities.

(2) Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within additional paid-in capital and temporary equity.

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Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2020
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Subscriptions revenue contracts term	3 years
Accounts receivable, net of allowances	$ 90,258,000		$ 118,508,000
Short-term unbilled receivable	5,600,000		6,100,000
Revenue expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligation	701,800,000
Revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods	3,400,000
Allowances for doubtful accounts and credit losses	1,300,000
Revenue recognized from deferred revenue	$ 83,300,000
Deferred commission, amortization period	5 years
Capitalized commission costs	$ 2,000,000.0	$ 3,800,000
Amortization of deferred commissions	$ 3,200,000	$ 2,000,000.0
Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Payment terms of customers	30 days
Other Assets
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Long-term unbilled receivables	$ 310,000		$ 350,000

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Business Combinations - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 13, 2019	May 06, 2019	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Yapta
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, effective date of acquisition	Dec. 13, 2019
Business acquisition consideration paid in cash	$ 98,700
Cash contingent achievement of target revenue	12,500
Amount held in escrow deposit	$ 9,800
Escrow deposit held in period	15 months
Contingent consideration payable	$ 12,500		$ 0	$ 12,500
Reversal of contingent liability			12,500
Total fair value of purchase consideration	$ 111,184
Yapta | General and Administrative Expenses
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Reversal of contingent liability			$ 12,500
Acquisition related costs				800
Exari
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, effective date of acquisition		May 06, 2019
Business acquisition consideration paid in cash		$ 214,600
Total fair value of purchase consideration		$ 214,616
Exari | General and Administrative Expenses
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisition related costs				$ 2,800

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

The Company leases office space under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through July 2027. For the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, lease costs in relation to long-term leases were approximately $2.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively. For the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, short-term leases costs were approximately $300,000 and $400,000, respectively. Variable lease costs were immaterial for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019. Certain lease agreements include options to renew or terminate the lease, which are not reasonably certain to be exercised and therefore are not factored into the determination of lease payments or the lease right-of-use asset/lease liability.

For the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, cash paid for operating lease liabilities was approximately $2.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively. For the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, right-of-use assets obtained in exchange of lease obligations was approximately $125,000 and $1.1 million, respectively. As of April 30, 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 4.0 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 6.36%.

Additionally, the Company has current contractual purchase obligations for hosting services that support business operations. As of April 30, 2020, the remaining maturities of operating lease liabilities and future purchase obligations are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending January 31,	Operating Lease Obligations			Future Purchase Obligations of Hosting Services
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	7,453		$	7,294
2022		9,108			14,121
2023		8,165			15,000
2024		7,262			2,500
2025		2,661			—
Thereafter		917			—
Total payments		35,566		$	38,915
Less imputed interest		(4,046	)
Total	$	31,520

Contingencies

The Company may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. The Company accrues estimates for resolution of legal and other contingencies when losses are probable and estimable. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Warranties and Indemnifications

The Company’s cloud-based software platform and applications are typically warranted against material decreases in functionality and to perform in a manner consistent with general industry standards and in accordance with the Company’s online documentation under normal use and circumstances.

The Company includes service level commitments to its customers, typically regarding certain levels of uptime reliability and performance and if the Company fails to meet those levels, customers can receive credits and in some cases, terminate their relationship with the Company. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such commitments.

The Company generally agrees to defend and indemnify its customers against legal claims that the Company’s platform infringes patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties. To date, the Company has not been required to make any payment resulting from such infringement claims and has not recorded any related liabilities. In addition, the Company has indemnification agreements with its directors and certain of its officers that require the Company to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs, and not accrued any liabilities in its condensed consolidated financial statements, as a result of these obligations.

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Property and Equipment, Net

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

Note 6. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	April 30,			January 31,
	2020			2020
Furniture and equipment	$	7,892		$	6,767
Software development costs		35,947			33,326
Leasehold improvements		1,873			1,880
Construction in progress		471			45
Total property and equipment		46,183			42,018
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(25,143	)		(23,216	)
Property and equipment, net	$	21,040		$	18,802

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment, excluding software development costs, was approximately $552,000 and $339,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Amortization expense related to software development costs was approximately $1.4 million and $657,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Option Activity

	Options Outstanding
	Outstanding Stock Options			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance at January 31, 2020		4,233,435		$	17.28		6.36	$	609,061
Option grants		—			—		—		—
Options exercised		(404,858	)	$	7.97		—		—
Options forfeited		(4,011	)	$	12.52		—		—
Balance at April 30, 2020		3,824,566		$	18.27		6.19	$	603,589
Exercisable at April 30, 2020		3,075,574		$	11.44		5.83	$	506,393

(1) The above table includes 878,869 stock options with market and service based conditions.

Summary of Activity Related to RSUs

	Number of RSUs Outstanding			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Awarded and unvested at January 31, 2020		2,830,782		$	70.90
Awards granted		922,039		$	146.26
Awards vested		(298,155	)	$	55.06
Awards forfeited		(55,192	)	$	79.11
Awarded and unvested at April 30, 2020		3,399,474		$	92.60

(1) The above table includes 100,178 restricted share units with market and service based conditions.

Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company’s total stock-based compensation expense as of the dates indicated was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	$	2,158	$	1,388
Professional services and other		2,412		1,445
Research and development		6,124		4,048
Sales and marketing		7,513		4,839
General and administrative		5,990		5,125
Total	$	24,197	$	16,845

Assumptions used to Estimate Fair Values of Stock Options Granted

The fair values of the Company’s stock options granted during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 were estimated using the following assumptions:

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Employee Stock Options:
Expected term (in years)	—			6.0
Volatility	—		42.7%
Risk-free interest rate	—		2.4%
Dividend yield	—		—
Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
Expected term (in years)	0.5 - 2.0		0.5 - 2.0
Volatility	48.6% - 54.8%		45.5% - 65.9%
Risk-free interest rate	0.3% - 0.4%		2.4% - 2.5%
Dividend yield	—		—
Market-based Award
Expected term (in years)		3.0	—
Volatility	48.4%		—
Risk-free interest rate	0.4%		—
Dividend yield	—		—

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Business Combinations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Yapta

Summary of Major Classes of Assets and Liabilities Allocated the Fair Value of Purchase Consideration

The major classes of assets and liabilities to which the Company has allocated the total fair value of purchase consideration of $111.2 million were as follows (in thousands):

	December 13, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	333
Accounts receivable		3,700
Intangible assets		39,710
Other assets		1,648
Goodwill		70,694
Deferred tax liability, net		(2,347	)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(2,554	)
Total consideration	$	111,184

Summary of Intangible Assets Acquired Based on Valuation

Based on this valuation, the intangible assets acquired were (in thousands):

	Fair Value		Useful life (in Years)
Developed technology	$	31,300	4
Customer relationships		8,300	5
Trademarks		110	0.5
Total intangible assets	$	39,710

Exari

Summary of Major Classes of Assets and Liabilities Allocated the Fair Value of Purchase Consideration

The major classes of assets and liabilities to which the Company has allocated the fair value of purchase consideration were as follows (in thousands):

	May 6, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,337
Accounts receivable		7,863
Intangible assets		57,000
Other assets		5,646
Goodwill		163,170
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		(6,232	)
Deferred revenue		(4,443	)
Deferred tax liability, net		(11,046	)
Other non-current liabilities		(3,679	)
Total consideration	$	214,616

Summary of Intangible Assets Acquired Based on Valuation

Based on this valuation, the intangible assets acquired were (in thousands):

	Fair Value		Useful life (in Years)
Developed technology	$	45,400	3 to 5
Customer relationships		11,100	5
Trademarks		500	1
Total intangible assets	$	57,000

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Significant Customers and Geographic Information

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Geographic Areas Revenues From External Customers [Abstract]

Significant Customers and Geographic Information

Note 14. Significant Customers and Geographic Information

No customer balance comprised 10% or more of total accounts receivable at April 30, 2020 or January 31, 2020.

During the three months ended April 30, 2020 and April 30, 2019, revenues by geographic area, based on billing addresses of the customers, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
United States	$	78,716	$	50,780
Foreign countries		40,498		30,564
Total revenues	$	119,214	$	81,344

No single foreign country represented more than 10% of the Company’s revenues in any period. Additionally, no single customer represented more than 10% of the Company’s revenues in any period.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jun. 04, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Apr. 30, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Trading Symbol	COUP
Entity Registrant Name	COUPA SOFTWARE INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001385867
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--01-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		67,073,897
Entity File Number	001-37901
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-4429448
Entity Address, Address Line One	1855 S. Grant Street
Entity Address, City or Town	San Mateo
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94402
City Area Code	650
Local Phone Number	931-3200
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock

XML

Related Parties - Additional Information (Details) - Morgan Stanley - Capped Call Options - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2020
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Fees paid	$ 29.7	$ 7.0
2025 Notes
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Fees earned			$ 8.0
2023 Notes
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Fees earned			$ 2.8
Minimum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Common stock, voting percentage			10.00%

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (14,816)	$ (20,468)
Other comprehensive gain (loss) in relation to defined benefit plans, net of tax	397	(539)
Changes in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	1,639	(47)
Comprehensive loss	$ (12,780)	$ (21,054)

XML

Net Loss per Share - Additional Information (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2018
2025 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Additionally shares underlying conversion option	5.0
Convertible, conversion price per share		$ 159.60
2025 Notes | Maximum
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of shares subject to adjustment	6.8
2023 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Additionally shares underlying conversion option	3.1
Convertible, conversion price per share			$ 44.5068
2023 Notes | Maximum
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Number of shares subject to adjustment	4.1
Common Stock | 2025 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Convertible, conversion price per share	$ 159.60
Common Stock | 2023 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Additionally shares underlying conversion option	1.5
Convertible, conversion price per share	$ 44.51

XML

Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on March 20, 2020 (the “Form 10-K”). The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated during consolidation.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2020, included herein, was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures including certain notes required by GAAP on an annual reporting basis. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any other period.

There have been no changes to the significant accounting policies described in the Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020, other than the adoption of accounting pronouncements as described in the “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” section below.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its significant estimates including, but not limited to, the lives of tangible and intangible assets, stock-based compensation, the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration, the estimate of credit losses on accounts receivable and marketable securities, the valuation of acquired intangible assets and the recoverability or impairment of intangible assets, including goodwill, revenue recognition, convertible senior notes fair value, the benefit period of deferred commissions, and provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market-specific and relevant assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the financial position and results of operations.

Concentration of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. Cash deposits exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents to date. Refer to Note 14, “Significant Customers and Geographic Information” for additional information on significant customers during the period.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company’s comprehensive loss consists of net loss, other comprehensive gain (loss) in relation to defined benefits plans, net of tax, and changes in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax. The other comprehensive gain (loss) in relation to defined benefits plans represents net deferred gains and losses and prior service costs and credits for the defined benefit pension plans. 

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Subsequent changes in fair value of these financial assets and liabilities are recognized in earnings or other comprehensive loss when they occur. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.

The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

• Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted price in active markets for identical assets or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially full term of assets or liabilities.

• Level 3 - Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from subscription fees and professional services fees. Revenues are recognized when control of these services are transferred to the Company’s customers in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenues are recognized net of applicable taxes imposed on the related transaction. The Company’s revenue recognition policy follows guidance from Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five-step framework:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Subscription Revenues

The Company offers subscriptions to its cloud-based business spend management platform, including procurement, invoicing and expense management. Subscription revenues consist primarily of fees to provide the Company’s customers access to its cloud-based platform, which includes routine customer support. Subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software, are non-cancelable, and do not contain general rights of return. Generally, subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement, beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Subscription contracts typically have a term of three years with invoicing occurring in annual installments at the beginning of each year in the subscription period. Subscription revenues also include fees to provide support and updates to legacy Exari customers. The support and update revenues associated with these customers are recognized ratably over the contract term.

Professional Services Revenues and Other

The Company offers professional services which primarily include deployment services, optimization services, and training. Professional services are generally sold on a fixed-fee or time-and-materials basis. For services billed on a fixed-fee basis, invoicing typically occurs in advance, and revenue is recognized over time based on the proportion performed. For services billed on a time-and-materials basis, revenue is recognized over time as services are performed.

Refer to Note 14, “Significant Customers and Geographic Information” for additional information on disaggregated revenue during the period.

Significant Judgments

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. Subscription and professional services are both distinct performance obligations that are accounted for separately. In contracts with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis.

The determination of standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation requires judgment. The Company determines SSP for performance obligations based on overall pricing objectives, which take into consideration market conditions and entity-specific factors. This includes a review of historical data related to the size of arrangements, the cloud applications being sold, customer demographics and the numbers and types of users within the arrangements. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for performance obligations. There is typically more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by considerations such as size and type of customer.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing for contracts with customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition. Subscription and fixed-fee professional services arrangements are commonly billed in advance, recognized as deferred revenue, and then amortized into revenue over time. However, other professional services arrangements, primarily those recognized on a time-and-materials basis, are billed in arrears following services that have been rendered. This may result in revenue recognition greater than invoiced amounts which results in a receivable balance. Receivables represent an unconditional right to payment. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the balance of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, was $90.3 million and $118.5 million, respectively. Of these balances, $5.6 million and $6.1 million represent short-term unbilled receivable amounts as of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the Company had long-term unbilled receivables of approximately $310,000 and $350,000, respectively, which were included in Other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

When the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company uses judgment to determine whether the contract includes a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price. Various factors are considered in this determination including the duration of the contract, payment terms, and other circumstances. Generally, the Company determined that contracts do not include a significant financing component. The Company applies the practical expedient for instances where, at contract inception, the expected timing difference between when promised goods or services are transferred and associated payment will be one year or less. Payment terms vary by contract type, however arrangements typically stipulate a requirement for the customer to pay within 30 days.

At any point in the contract term, the transaction price may be allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or are partially unsatisfied. These amounts relate to remaining performance obligations on non-cancelable contracts which include both the deferred revenue balance and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. As of April 30, 2020, approximately $701.8 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations, a majority of which is related to multi-year subscription arrangements. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately three-fourths of these remaining performance obligations within the next 24 months and the remainder thereafter. The Company applies the practical expedient to exclude remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. During the three months ended April 30, 2020, the revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was approximately $3.4 million.  

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Losses

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business and does not require cash collateral or other security to support the collection of customer receivables. The Company estimates the amount of uncollectible accounts receivable at the end of each reporting period and provides a reserve when needed based on an assessment of various factors including the aging of the receivable balance, historical experience, and expectations of forward-looking loss estimates. When developing the expectations of forward-looking loss estimates, the Company take into consideration forecasts of future economic conditions, information about past events, such as historical trends of write-offs, and customer-specific circumstances, such as bankruptcies and disputes. Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible. The allowances for doubtful accounts and credit losses were approximately $1.3 million as of April 30, 2020 and not material as of January 31, 2020.    

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of financial instruments such as U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency obligations, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, asset backed securities and certificates of deposit. The Company classifies marketable securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. All marketable securities are recorded at estimated fair value. Credit losses related to the marketable securities are recorded in interest income and other, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. Any remaining unrealized losses, or any unrealized gains, for marketable securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity.

If quoted prices for identical instruments are available in an active market, marketable securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets are not available, fair values are estimated using quoted prices of similar instruments and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of customer billings or payments received in advance of the recognition of revenue and is recognized as revenue as the revenue recognition criteria are met. The Company generally invoices its customers annually for the forthcoming year of service. Accordingly, the Company’s deferred revenue balance does not include revenue for future years of multiple year non-cancellable contracts that have not yet been billed. During the three months ended April 30, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $83.3 million that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 31, 2020.  

Deferred Commissions

Commissions are earned by sales personnel upon the execution of the sales contract by the customer, and commission payments are made shortly after they are earned. Commission costs can be associated specifically with subscription and professional services arrangements. Commissions earned by the Company’s sales personnel are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and then amortized over a period of benefit of five years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its past experience with customers, future cash flows expected from customers, industry peers and other available information.  

The Company capitalized commission costs of $2.0 million and $3.8 million and amortized $3.2 million and $2.0 million to sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.     

Leases

Leases arise from contracts which convey the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leasing arrangements are primarily for office space used to conduct operations.

Leases are classified at commencement as either operating or finance leases. As of April 30, 2020, all of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. Rent expense for operating leases is recognized using the straight-line method over the term of the agreement beginning on the lease commencement date.

At commencement, the Company records a lease liability at the present value of future lease payments, net of any future lease incentives to be received. Lease agreements may include options to renew the lease term, which is not included in the lease periods to calculate future lease payments unless it is reasonably certain the Company will renew the lease. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. In determining the appropriate IBR, the Company considers information including, but not limited to, the lease term and the currency in which the arrangement is denominated.

At commencement, the Company also records a corresponding right-of-use asset, which is calculated based on the amount of the lease liability, adjusted for any advance lease payments made and initial direct costs incurred. Right-of-use assets are subject to evaluation for impairment or disposal on a basis consistent with other long-lived assets.

As of April 30, 2020, the Company was not a lessor in leasing arrangements or a party to any sublease arrangements.

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, including trade receivables. ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model that requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard on February 1, 2020, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.   

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The standard simplifies the accounting for incomes taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The standard also clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The standard also improves consistent application of and simplifies GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The amendment is effective for fiscal years, and interim period within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this standard on February 1, 2020, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, which amends FASB ASC Topic 715, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The amendments in this guidance modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments in this guidance remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and method of adoption and the related impact of ASU No. 2018-14 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Business Combinations - Summary of Intangible Assets Acquired Based on Valuation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 13, 2019	May 06, 2019
Yapta
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets, Fair Value	$ 39,710
Exari
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets, Fair Value		$ 57,000
Developed technology | Yapta
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets, Fair Value	$ 31,300
Useful life (in Years)	4 years
Developed technology | Exari
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets, Fair Value		$ 45,400
Developed technology | Exari | Minimum
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life (in Years)		3 years
Developed technology | Exari | Maximum
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life (in Years)		5 years
Customer relationships | Yapta
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets, Fair Value	$ 8,300
Useful life (in Years)	5 years
Customer relationships | Exari
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets, Fair Value		$ 11,100
Useful life (in Years)		5 years
Trademarks | Yapta
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets, Fair Value	$ 110
Useful life (in Years)	6 months
Trademarks | Exari
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible Assets, Fair Value		$ 500
Useful life (in Years)		1 year

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Property and Equipment, Net - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense excluding software development costs	$ 552,000	$ 339,000
Amortization expense related to software development costs	$ 1,400,000	$ 657,000

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Future Amortization Expense of Other Intangible Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2021 (remaining nine months)	$ 26,228
2022	34,538
2023	29,985
2024	23,868
2025	5,176
Total	$ 119,795

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Convertible Senior Notes - Schedule of Components of Convertible Senior Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2018
Liability:
Net carrying amount		$ 571,897	$ 562,612
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025
Liability:
Principal		805,000	805,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	[1]	(233,103)	(242,388)
Net carrying amount		571,897	562,612
Carrying amount of the equity component	[2]	246,967	246,967
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023
Liability:
Principal		137,953	230,000	$ 230,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	[1]	(23,788)	(42,885)
Net carrying amount		114,165	187,115
Carrying amount of the equity component	[2]	$ 41,441	$ 60,470

[1] Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within Convertible senior notes, net and amortized over the remaining lives of the Notes. The 2025 Notes are classified as long-term liabilities and the 2023 Notes are classified as current liabilities.

[2] Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets within additional paid-in capital and temporary equity.

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Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Activity Related to RSUs (Parenthetical) (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020 shares
2016 Equity Incentive Plan | Market and Service Based Restricted Share Stock Unit Awards
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of RSUs Outstanding, Awards granted	100,178

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Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity

Note 8. Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. The holders of the common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”), subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. No dividends have been declared or paid since inception.

Preferred Stock 

As of April 30, 2020, the Company had authorized 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, of which no shares were issued and outstanding.

2016 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) was approved by the Company’s stockholders in September 2016. The 2016 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and performance cash awards. Awards could be granted under the 2016 Plan beginning on the effective date of the registration statement, October 5, 2016. The 2016 Plan replaced the Company’s 2006 Stock Plan; however, awards outstanding under the 2006 Stock Plan will continue to be governed by their existing terms.

As of April 30, 2020, the Company had 10,051,349 shares of its common stock available for future issuance under the 2016 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan will automatically increase on the first day of each fiscal year during the term of the 2016 Plan by a number of shares equal to 5% of its outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the prior fiscal year. The number and class of shares reserved under the Company’s 2016 Plan will be adjusted in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other changes in its capitalization.

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s 2006 Stock Plan and the 2016 Plan during the three months ended April 30, 2020 (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):

	Options Outstanding
	Outstanding Stock Options			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance at January 31, 2020		4,233,435		$	17.28		6.36	$	609,061
Option grants		—			—		—		—
Options exercised		(404,858	)	$	7.97		—		—
Options forfeited		(4,011	)	$	12.52		—		—
Balance at April 30, 2020		3,824,566		$	18.27		6.19	$	603,589
Exercisable at April 30, 2020		3,075,574		$	11.44		5.83	$	506,393

(1) The above table includes 878,869 stock options with market and service based conditions.

The options exercisable as of April 30, 2020 include options that can be exercised prior to vesting. The aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and exercisable as of April 30, 2020 is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of April 30, 2020. The aggregate intrinsic value of exercised options was $59.5 million and $76.8 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of the exercise date.

No options were granted during the three months ended April 30, 2020. For the three months ended April 30, 2019, the weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted was $41.81 per share. The total grant date fair value of options vested was $1.5 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s RSUs during the three months ended April 30, 2020:

	Number of RSUs Outstanding			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Awarded and unvested at January 31, 2020		2,830,782		$	70.90
Awards granted		922,039		$	146.26
Awards vested		(298,155	)	$	55.06
Awards forfeited		(55,192	)	$	79.11
Awarded and unvested at April 30, 2020		3,399,474		$	92.60

(1) The above table includes 100,178 restricted share units with market and service based conditions.

Market-based Options and Awards

In September 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company granted 544,127 stock options to the Chief Executive Officer (the “2016 CEO Grant”) under the 2006 Stock Plan with an exercise price of $13.04 per share. The 2016 CEO Grant is eligible to vest based on the achievement of market capital appreciation targets after the consummation of the initial public offering, as well as continuous service over a four-year period following the grant date. In March 2018, the Board of Directors granted 334,742 stock options to the Chief Executive Officer (the “2018 CEO Grant”) under the 2016 Equity Plan with an exercise price of $48.47 per share. The 2018 CEO Grant is eligible to vest based on the achievement of a stock price appreciation target as well as continuous service over a four-year period following the grant date. The fair values of the 2016 and 2018 CEO Grants were determined using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The Company amortizes the fair value of the option awards using the graded-vesting method.

In March 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company granted market-based restricted stock unit awards (the “2020 PSU Grant”) to certain members of management. The target number of market-based restricted stock unit awards granted was 100,178. The number of shares that could be earned will range from 0% to 200% of the target number of shares, based on the relative growth of the per share price of the Company’s common stock as compared to the NASDAQ Composite Index over the three-year performance period ending on the third anniversary of the date of grant and subject to continuous employment through such date. The fair value of the 2020 PSU Grant was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. The Company amortizes the fair value of the 2020 PSU Grant using the straight-line method over the three-year performance term.

As of April 30, 2020, all market-based milestones of the 2016 CEO Grant were achieved, resulting in 487,447 shares being vested and exercisable. As of April 30, 2020, the market-based milestone was not achieved on the 2018 CEO Grant or the 2020 PSU Grant, resulting in no shares being vested and exercisable. Stock-based compensation expense recognized for market-based awards was approximately $1.0 million and $410,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.   

2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Board of Directors adopted the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) in September 2016 and it has been approved by the Company’s stockholders. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions and is intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code.

As of April 30, 2020, the Company had 1,860,302 shares of its common stock available for future issuance under the ESPP. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase on the first day of each fiscal year during the term of the ESPP by a number of shares equal to the least of (i) 1% of its outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the prior fiscal year, (ii) 1,250,000 shares or (iii) a lesser number of shares determined by the Board of Directors. The number and class of shares reserved under the ESPP will be adjusted in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other changes in its capitalization.

Each offering period will last a number of months determined by the administrator, up to a maximum of 27 months. The initial offering period began on the effective date of the Company’s initial public offering, October 5, 2016, and ended on September 15, 2018, and new 24 month offering periods will begin on each March 16 and September 16 thereafter. Currently, each offering period consists of four consecutive purchase periods, of approximately six months duration, at the end of which payroll contributions are used to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Participants may purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions, up to a maximum of 15% of their eligible compensation. Participants may withdraw from the ESPP and receive a refund of their accumulated payroll contributions at any time prior to a purchase date. Unless changed by the administrator, the purchase price for each share of common stock purchased under the ESPP will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value per share on the first day of the applicable offering period or the fair market value per share on the applicable purchase date.

As of April 30, 2020, 1,267,131 shares of common stock were purchased under the 2016 ESPP. The Company selected the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as the method for determining the estimated fair value for the Company’s 2016 ESPP. As of April 30, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to the 2016 ESPP was $9.2 million which will be amortized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.5 years.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company’s total stock-based compensation expense as of the dates indicated was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue:
Subscription	$	2,158	$	1,388
Professional services and other		2,412		1,445
Research and development		6,124		4,048
Sales and marketing		7,513		4,839
General and administrative		5,990		5,125
Total	$	24,197	$	16,845

Stock-based compensation capitalized in capitalized software development costs was approximately $2.4 million and $1.2 million at April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of April 30, 2020, there was approximately $9.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted to employees under the Company’s 2006 Stock Plan and 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. This unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted-average amortization period of approximately 2.0 years.

As of April 30, 2020, there was approximately $295.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units granted to employees under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan. This unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted-average amortization period of approximately 2.7 years.

The fair values of the Company’s stock options granted during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019 were estimated using the following assumptions:

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
Employee Stock Options:
Expected term (in years)	—			6.0
Volatility	—		42.7%
Risk-free interest rate	—		2.4%
Dividend yield	—		—
Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
Expected term (in years)	0.5 - 2.0		0.5 - 2.0
Volatility	48.6% - 54.8%		45.5% - 65.9%
Risk-free interest rate	0.3% - 0.4%		2.4% - 2.5%
Dividend yield	—		—
Market-based Award
Expected term (in years)		3.0	—
Volatility	48.4%		—
Risk-free interest rate	0.4%		—
Dividend yield	—		—

These assumptions and estimates are as follows:

• Fair Value of Common Stock. The Company used the publicly quoted price as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market as the fair value of its common stock.

• Expected Term. The expected term represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. To determine the expected term for employee stock options, the Company generally applies the simplified approach in which the expected term of an award is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and the expiration date of the award as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis for an estimate of expected term. The expected term for the employee stock purchase plan ranges from six months, the length of one purchase period, to two years, the length of one offering period. The market-based awards have a three-year expected term.

• Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities approximately equal to the term of employee stock option or market-based awards.

• Expected Volatility. The Company uses its own sufficient historical trading prices to calculate the expected volatility in determining the fair value of the shares granted under the ESPP and market-based awards. The Company uses its own historical volatility in combination with publicly traded peers’ volatility to determine the expected volatility of stock options. In considering peer companies, characteristics such as industry, stage of development, size and financial leverage were considered.

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Business Combinations

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Business Combinations

Note 4. Business Combinations

Yapta, Inc.

On December 13, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Yapta, Inc., (“Yapta”). Yapta developed technology that enables the Company to offer price assurance capabilities that dynamically track prices on airline and hotel reservations and instantly rebooks them at the lowest available price, without impacting the traveler experience. The purchase consideration comprised of approximately $98.7 million in cash and $12.5 million in cash contingent on the achievement of Yapta’s revenues target during the twelve months starting from the transaction closing date. Approximately $9.8 million of the purchase consideration is being held in escrow for fifteen months after the transaction closing day.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and, accordingly, the total fair value of purchase consideration was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values on the acquisition date. The contingent cash consideration was classified as a liability and included in other liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet, subject to measurement on a recurring basis at fair value. The valuation of the contingent consideration was determined based on the probable achievement of Yapta’s revenues target within a specified time period from the transaction date. As of the acquisition date and January 31, 2020, the fair value of the contingent consideration payable was determined to be $12.5 million. For the three months ended April 30, 2020, Yapta did not achieve the initially forecasted revenues, largely caused by the reduced business

travel activity arising from the pandemic related to the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”). As of April 30, 2020, the Company estimated that Yapta will not be able to achieve the revenues target during the measurement period of twelve months starting from the transaction closing date. As a result, the fair value of the contingent consideration was determined to be zero as of April 30, 2020, resulting in a reversal of $12.5 million of contingent liabilities with an offset to general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2020. The Company will continue to track Yapta’s revenues and evaluate the fair value of the contingent consideration during the remaining revenues target measurement period.

The major classes of assets and liabilities to which the Company has allocated the total fair value of purchase consideration of $111.2 million were as follows (in thousands):

	December 13, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	333
Accounts receivable		3,700
Intangible assets		39,710
Other assets		1,648
Goodwill		70,694
Deferred tax liability, net		(2,347	)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(2,554	)
Total consideration	$	111,184

The purchase price allocation is preliminary. The Company continues to collect information with regards to its estimates and assumptions, including potential liabilities and contingencies. The Company will record adjustments to the fair value of the net assets acquired and goodwill within the measurement period, if necessary. The goodwill recognized was primarily attributed to increased synergies that are expected to be achieved from the integration of Yapta and is not deductible for income tax purposes. The Company determined the fair values of intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the assistance of third-party valuation consultants. Based on this valuation, the intangible assets acquired were (in thousands):  

	Fair Value		Useful life (in Years)
Developed technology	$	31,300	4
Customer relationships		8,300	5
Trademarks		110	0.5
Total intangible assets	$	39,710

The Company incurred costs related to this acquisition of approximately $0.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2020. All acquisition related costs were expensed as incurred and have been recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The revenue and earnings of the acquired business have been included in the Company’s results since the acquisition date and are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial results. Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition have not been presented as the financial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements would be immaterial.

Exari Group, Inc.

On May 6, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Exari Group, Inc. (“Exari”) for consideration of approximately $214.6 million in cash. The acquisition extends the Company’s BSM platform with advanced contract lifecycle management capabilities to enable companies to comprehensively manage their contract lifecycle and operationalize their contracts against spend transactions.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and, accordingly, the total fair value of purchase consideration was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values on the acquisition date. The major classes of assets and liabilities to which the Company has allocated the fair value of purchase consideration were as follows (in thousands):

	May 6, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,337
Accounts receivable		7,863
Intangible assets		57,000
Other assets		5,646
Goodwill		163,170
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		(6,232	)
Deferred revenue		(4,443	)
Deferred tax liability, net		(11,046	)
Other non-current liabilities		(3,679	)
Total consideration	$	214,616

The goodwill recognized was primarily attributed to increased synergies that are expected to be achieved from the integration of Exari and is partially deductible for income tax purposes. The Company determined the fair values of intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the assistance of third-party valuation consultants. Based on this valuation, the intangible assets acquired were (in thousands):  

	Fair Value		Useful life (in Years)
Developed technology	$	45,400	3 to 5
Customer relationships		11,100	5
Trademarks		500	1
Total intangible assets	$	57,000

The Company incurred costs related to this acquisition of approximately $2.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2020. All acquisition related costs were expensed as incurred and have been recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

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Net Loss per Share

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Share

Note 12. Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities as they do not share in losses. During periods when the Company is in a net loss position, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the effects of potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive given the net loss of the Company.

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(14,816	)	$	(20,468	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		65,468			60,785
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders,    basic and diluted	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.34	)

Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	As of April 30,
	2020		2019
Options to purchase common stock		3,824,566		6,097,917
RSUs		3,399,474		3,582,499
Unvested common shares subject to repurchase		66,450		161,651
Shares committed under the ESPP		30,751		30,913
Contingent stock consideration for DCR acquisition		377,138		377,138
Holdback shares for Aquiire acquisition		—		37,570
Total		7,698,379		10,287,688

Additionally, approximately 5.0 million and 3.1 million shares underlying the conversion option in the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, respectively, are not considered in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. These number of shares are subject to adjustment up to approximately 6.8 million and 4.1 million shares for the 2025 and 2023 Notes, respectively, if certain corporate events occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company issues a notice of redemption. The Company uses the treasury stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, if applicable. During the three months ended April 30, 2020, the average market price of the Company’s common stock exceeded the conversion price of the 2023 Notes of $44.51 per share and did not exceed the conversion price of the 2025 Notes of $159.60 per share.

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Net Loss per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020			2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(14,816	)	$	(20,468	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		65,468			60,785
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders,    basic and diluted	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.34	)

Potentially Dilutive Securities Not Included in Diluted per Share Calculations

Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	As of April 30,
	2020		2019
Options to purchase common stock		3,824,566		6,097,917
RSUs		3,399,474		3,582,499
Unvested common shares subject to repurchase		66,450		161,651
Shares committed under the ESPP		30,751		30,913
Contingent stock consideration for DCR acquisition		377,138		377,138
Holdback shares for Aquiire acquisition		—		37,570
Total		7,698,379		10,287,688

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Marketable Securities - Summary of Available-for-sale Marketable Securities Excluding Securities Classified within Cash and Cash Equivalents on Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Costs	$ 407,722	$ 498,547
Unrealized Gains	2,314	613
Unrealized Losses	(62)
Fair Value	409,974	499,160
U.S. treasury securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Costs	273,635	306,871
Unrealized Gains	1,734	324
Fair Value	275,369	307,195
U.S. agency obligations
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Costs	5,001
Unrealized Losses	(2)
Fair Value	4,999
Corporate notes and bonds
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Costs	120,234	155,751
Unrealized Gains	559	272
Unrealized Losses	(60)
Fair Value	120,733	156,023
Asset backed securities
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Costs	5,014	15,501
Unrealized Gains	21	17
Fair Value	5,035	15,518
Certificates of deposit
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Costs	3,838	4,447
Fair Value	$ 3,838	4,447
Commercial paper
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Costs		15,977
Fair Value		$ 15,977

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Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	April 30,			January 31,
	2020			2020
Furniture and equipment	$	7,892		$	6,767
Software development costs		35,947			33,326
Leasehold improvements		1,873			1,880
Construction in progress		471			45
Total property and equipment		46,183			42,018
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(25,143	)		(23,216	)
Property and equipment, net	$	21,040		$	18,802

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on March 20, 2020 (the “Form 10-K”). The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated during consolidation.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2020, included herein, was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures including certain notes required by GAAP on an annual reporting basis. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any other period.

There have been no changes to the significant accounting policies described in the Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020, other than the adoption of accounting pronouncements as described in the “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” section below.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its significant estimates including, but not limited to, the lives of tangible and intangible assets, stock-based compensation, the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration, the estimate of credit losses on accounts receivable and marketable securities, the valuation of acquired intangible assets and the recoverability or impairment of intangible assets, including goodwill, revenue recognition, convertible senior notes fair value, the benefit period of deferred commissions, and provision for (benefit from) income taxes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market-specific and relevant assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material to the financial position and results of operations.

Concentration of Risk

Concentration of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. Cash deposits exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents to date. Refer to Note 14, “Significant Customers and Geographic Information” for additional information on significant customers during the period.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company’s comprehensive loss consists of net loss, other comprehensive gain (loss) in relation to defined benefits plans, net of tax, and changes in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax. The other comprehensive gain (loss) in relation to defined benefits plans represents net deferred gains and losses and prior service costs and credits for the defined benefit pension plans. 

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Subsequent changes in fair value of these financial assets and liabilities are recognized in earnings or other comprehensive loss when they occur. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.

The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

• Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted price in active markets for identical assets or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially full term of assets or liabilities.

• Level 3 - Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from subscription fees and professional services fees. Revenues are recognized when control of these services are transferred to the Company’s customers in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenues are recognized net of applicable taxes imposed on the related transaction. The Company’s revenue recognition policy follows guidance from Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five-step framework:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

• Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Subscription Revenues

The Company offers subscriptions to its cloud-based business spend management platform, including procurement, invoicing and expense management. Subscription revenues consist primarily of fees to provide the Company’s customers access to its cloud-based platform, which includes routine customer support. Subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software, are non-cancelable, and do not contain general rights of return. Generally, subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement, beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Subscription contracts typically have a term of three years with invoicing occurring in annual installments at the beginning of each year in the subscription period. Subscription revenues also include fees to provide support and updates to legacy Exari customers. The support and update revenues associated with these customers are recognized ratably over the contract term.

Professional Services Revenues and Other

The Company offers professional services which primarily include deployment services, optimization services, and training. Professional services are generally sold on a fixed-fee or time-and-materials basis. For services billed on a fixed-fee basis, invoicing typically occurs in advance, and revenue is recognized over time based on the proportion performed. For services billed on a time-and-materials basis, revenue is recognized over time as services are performed.

Refer to Note 14, “Significant Customers and Geographic Information” for additional information on disaggregated revenue during the period.

Significant Judgments

The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. Subscription and professional services are both distinct performance obligations that are accounted for separately. In contracts with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis.

The determination of standalone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation requires judgment. The Company determines SSP for performance obligations based on overall pricing objectives, which take into consideration market conditions and entity-specific factors. This includes a review of historical data related to the size of arrangements, the cloud applications being sold, customer demographics and the numbers and types of users within the arrangements. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for performance obligations. There is typically more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by considerations such as size and type of customer.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing for contracts with customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition. Subscription and fixed-fee professional services arrangements are commonly billed in advance, recognized as deferred revenue, and then amortized into revenue over time. However, other professional services arrangements, primarily those recognized on a time-and-materials basis, are billed in arrears following services that have been rendered. This may result in revenue recognition greater than invoiced amounts which results in a receivable balance. Receivables represent an unconditional right to payment. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the balance of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, was $90.3 million and $118.5 million, respectively. Of these balances, $5.6 million and $6.1 million represent short-term unbilled receivable amounts as of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively. As of April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the Company had long-term unbilled receivables of approximately $310,000 and $350,000, respectively, which were included in Other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

When the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company uses judgment to determine whether the contract includes a significant financing component requiring adjustment to the transaction price. Various factors are considered in this determination including the duration of the contract, payment terms, and other circumstances. Generally, the Company determined that contracts do not include a significant financing component. The Company applies the practical expedient for instances where, at contract inception, the expected timing difference between when promised goods or services are transferred and associated payment will be one year or less. Payment terms vary by contract type, however arrangements typically stipulate a requirement for the customer to pay within 30 days.

At any point in the contract term, the transaction price may be allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or are partially unsatisfied. These amounts relate to remaining performance obligations on non-cancelable contracts which include both the deferred revenue balance and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. As of April 30, 2020, approximately $701.8 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations, a majority of which is related to multi-year subscription arrangements. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately three-fourths of these remaining performance obligations within the next 24 months and the remainder thereafter. The Company applies the practical expedient to exclude remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less. During the three months ended April 30, 2020, the revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was approximately $3.4 million.  

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Losses

Accounts Receivable and Allowances for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Losses

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business and does not require cash collateral or other security to support the collection of customer receivables. The Company estimates the amount of uncollectible accounts receivable at the end of each reporting period and provides a reserve when needed based on an assessment of various factors including the aging of the receivable balance, historical experience, and expectations of forward-looking loss estimates. When developing the expectations of forward-looking loss estimates, the Company take into consideration forecasts of future economic conditions, information about past events, such as historical trends of write-offs, and customer-specific circumstances, such as bankruptcies and disputes. Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible. The allowances for doubtful accounts and credit losses were approximately $1.3 million as of April 30, 2020 and not material as of January 31, 2020.    

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of financial instruments such as U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency obligations, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, asset backed securities and certificates of deposit. The Company classifies marketable securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. All marketable securities are recorded at estimated fair value. Credit losses related to the marketable securities are recorded in interest income and other, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. Any remaining unrealized losses, or any unrealized gains, for marketable securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity.

If quoted prices for identical instruments are available in an active market, marketable securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets are not available, fair values are estimated using quoted prices of similar instruments and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of customer billings or payments received in advance of the recognition of revenue and is recognized as revenue as the revenue recognition criteria are met. The Company generally invoices its customers annually for the forthcoming year of service. Accordingly, the Company’s deferred revenue balance does not include revenue for future years of multiple year non-cancellable contracts that have not yet been billed. During the three months ended April 30, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $83.3 million that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 31, 2020.  

Deferred Commissions

Deferred Commissions

Commissions are earned by sales personnel upon the execution of the sales contract by the customer, and commission payments are made shortly after they are earned. Commission costs can be associated specifically with subscription and professional services arrangements. Commissions earned by the Company’s sales personnel are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and then amortized over a period of benefit of five years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration its past experience with customers, future cash flows expected from customers, industry peers and other available information.  

The Company capitalized commission costs of $2.0 million and $3.8 million and amortized $3.2 million and $2.0 million to sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.     

Leases

Leases

Leases arise from contracts which convey the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leasing arrangements are primarily for office space used to conduct operations.

Leases are classified at commencement as either operating or finance leases. As of April 30, 2020, all of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. Rent expense for operating leases is recognized using the straight-line method over the term of the agreement beginning on the lease commencement date.

At commencement, the Company records a lease liability at the present value of future lease payments, net of any future lease incentives to be received. Lease agreements may include options to renew the lease term, which is not included in the lease periods to calculate future lease payments unless it is reasonably certain the Company will renew the lease. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. In determining the appropriate IBR, the Company considers information including, but not limited to, the lease term and the currency in which the arrangement is denominated.

At commencement, the Company also records a corresponding right-of-use asset, which is calculated based on the amount of the lease liability, adjusted for any advance lease payments made and initial direct costs incurred. Right-of-use assets are subject to evaluation for impairment or disposal on a basis consistent with other long-lived assets.

As of April 30, 2020, the Company was not a lessor in leasing arrangements or a party to any sublease arrangements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, including trade receivables. ASU No. 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model that requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard on February 1, 2020, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.   

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The standard simplifies the accounting for incomes taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The standard also clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The standard also improves consistent application of and simplifies GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The amendment is effective for fiscal years, and interim period within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this standard on February 1, 2020, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, which amends FASB ASC Topic 715, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits." The amendments in this guidance modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments in this guidance remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be adopted retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and method of adoption and the related impact of ASU No. 2018-14 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Dec. 13, 2019	Jan. 31, 2018
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Principal amount	$ 805,000	$ 805,000
Debt instrument, Interest rate	0.125%
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Level 2
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of convertible notes	$ 1,027,600	1,015,300
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Principal amount	$ 137,953	230,000		$ 230,000
Debt instrument, Interest rate	0.375%			0.375%
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023 | Level 2
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of convertible notes	$ 546,000	858,300
Yapta
Fair Value Liabilities Measured On Recurring Basis Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Contingent consideration payable	0	$ 12,500	$ 12,500
Reversal of contingent liability	$ 12,500

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Other Intangible Assets Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 164,384	$ 164,384
Accumulated Amortization	(44,589)	(35,724)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 119,795	128,660
Developed technology
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives (in years)	3 years 7 months 6 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 125,135	125,135
Accumulated Amortization	(33,650)	(26,840)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 91,485	98,295
Customer relationships
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives (in years)	3 years 10 months 24 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 38,294	38,294
Accumulated Amortization	(9,991)	(8,061)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 28,303	30,233
Trademarks
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives (in years)	1 month 6 days
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 955	955
Accumulated Amortization	(948)	(823)
Net Carrying Amount	$ 7	$ 132

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Significant Customers and Geographic Information - Additional Information (Details) - Customer	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Accounts Receivable | Customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of customers comprising 10% or more of total accounts receivable	0	0
Revenue | Customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of customers comprising more than 10% of revenues	0	0
Revenue | Geographic Concentration Risk | Foreign Countries
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of customers comprising more than 10% of revenues	0	0

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	25,000,000	25,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	625,000,000	625,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	66,827,590	64,528,970
Common stock, shares outstanding	66,827,590	64,528,970

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Net Loss per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (14,816)	$ (20,468)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	65,468	60,785
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$ (0.23)	$ (0.34)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (14,816)	$ (20,468)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	10,502	4,036
Accretion of discounts on marketable securities, net	471	731
Amortization of deferred commissions	3,162	1,980
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	11,950	2,961
Stock-based compensation	24,197	16,845
Gain on conversion of convertible senior notes	(2,571)
Repayments of convertible senior notes attributable to debt discount (Note 9)	(10,604)
Other	881	92
Changes in operating assets and liabilities net of effects from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	26,633	29,405
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,945	(4,370)
Other assets	595	1,895
Deferred commissions	(2,007)	(3,763)
Accounts payable	(885)	(788)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(20,742)	(3,519)
Deferred revenue	(17,303)	(6,244)
Net cash provided by operating activities	15,408	18,793
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of marketable securities	(49,514)	(64,789)
Maturities of marketable securities	137,143	44,796
Sales of marketable securities	2,929	199,314
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(3,604)
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,599)	(2,654)
Net cash provided by investing activities	83,355	176,667
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of convertible senior notes attributable to principal	(81,444)
Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options	2,938	4,339
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan	7,391	5,396
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(71,115)	9,735
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	27,648	205,195
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year	268,280	141,319
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	295,928	346,514
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents	295,806	346,446
Restricted cash included in other assets	$ 122	$ 68
Restricted cash, asset, statement of financial position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent	us-gaap:OtherAssetsNoncurrent
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 295,928	$ 346,514
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow data
Cash paid for income taxes	554	509
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities	$ 476	$ 683

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Fair Value Hierarchy for Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at April 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:(1)
Money market funds	$	177,344	$	—	$	—	$	177,344
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury securities		—		275,369		—		275,369
Corporate notes and bonds		—		120,733		—		120,733
Asset backed securities		—		5,035		—		5,035
U.S. agency obligations		—		4,999		—		4,999
Certificate of deposit		—		3,838		—		3,838
Total assets	$	177,344	$	409,974	$	—	$	587,318

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents.

The following table summarizes the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at January 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:(1)
Money market funds	$	120,242	$	—	$	—	$	120,242
Corporate notes and bonds		—		2,011		—		2,011
Marketable securities:
U.S. treasury securities		—		307,195		—		307,195
Corporate notes and bonds		—		156,023		—		156,023
Commercial paper		—		15,977		—		15,977
Asset backed securities		—		15,518		—		15,518
Certificates of deposit		—		4,447		—		4,447
Total assets	$	120,242	$	501,171	$	—	$	621,413
Other liabilities:
Contingent consideration payable	$	—	$	—	$	12,500	$	12,500
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	12,500	$	12,500

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents.

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Related Parties

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Parties

Note 15. Related Parties

Morgan Stanley was a counterparty to certain capped call transactions with the Company, an initial purchaser in the offering of the 2025 Notes and the 2023 Notes, a customer of the Company, and held more than 10% of the Company’s voting common stock during the quarter ended April 30, 2020. In June 2019 and January 2018, the Company paid fees of approximately $29.7 million and $7.0 million to Morgan Stanley who was one of the counterparties to the capped calls that the Company purchased in connection with the issuance of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, respectively. Morgan Stanley also earned fees of $8.0 million and $2.8 million for acting as an initial purchaser of the 2025 Notes and 2023 Notes, respectively. As of and for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, the receivables balance and the Company’s revenue recognized from this customer were not material.           

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Property and Equipment, Net - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, gross	$ 46,183	$ 42,018
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(25,143)	(23,216)
Property and equipment, net	21,040	18,802
Furniture and equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, gross	7,892	6,767
Software development costs
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, gross	35,947	33,326
Leasehold improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, gross	1,873	1,880
Construction in progress
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment, gross	$ 471	$ 45

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense related to other intangible assets	$ 8.9	$ 3.2

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Business Segment Information - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020 Segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reporting segment	1

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 295,806	$ 268,045
Marketable securities	409,974	499,160
Accounts receivable, net of allowances	90,258	118,508
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	25,963	31,636
Deferred commissions, current portion	12,096	11,982
Total current assets	834,097	929,331
Property and equipment, net	21,040	18,802
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	29,652	30,921
Goodwill	443,086	442,112
Intangible assets, net	119,795	128,660
Operating lease right-of-use assets	30,176	32,026
Other assets	13,316	12,221
Total assets	1,491,162	1,594,073
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,568	3,517
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	45,689	54,245
Deferred revenue, current portion	240,680	257,692
Current portion of convertible senior notes, net (Note 9)	114,165	187,115
Operating lease liabilities, current portion	8,069	8,199
Total current liabilities	411,171	510,768
Convertible senior notes, net (Note 9)	571,897	562,612
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	3,800	4,091
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	23,451	25,490
Other liabilities	14,969	28,620
Total liabilities	1,025,288	1,131,581
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Temporary equity (Note 9)	752	16,835
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized at April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020; zero shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 625,000,000 shares authorized at April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020; 66,827,590 and 64,528,970 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively	7	7
Additional paid-in capital	822,713	790,468
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,907	871
Accumulated deficit	(360,505)	(345,689)
Total stockholders’ equity	465,122	445,657
Total liabilities, temporary equity and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,491,162	$ 1,594,073

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax provision	$ 229,000	$ 410,000
Effective tax rate	(1.57%)	(2.04%)
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	21.00%
Income tax examination, description	As a result of net operating loss carryforwards, the Company is subject to audits for tax years 2006 and onward for federal purposes and 2009 and onward for California purposes.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit
Balance at Jan. 31, 2019	$ 313,281	$ 6	$ 567,797	$ 335	$ (254,857)
Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2019		60,455,381
Cancellation of common stock issued from acquisitions, shares		(7,784)
Issuance of common stock for employee share purchase plan	5,396		5,396
Issuance of common stock for employee share purchase plan, shares		108,758
Exercise of stock options	4,482	$ 1	4,481
Exercise of stock options, shares		856,295
Stock-based compensation expense	17,061		17,061
Vested restricted stock units, shares		227,923
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(586)			(586)
Net loss	(20,468)				(20,468)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2019	319,166	$ 7	594,735	(251)	(275,325)
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2019		61,640,573
Balance at Jan. 31, 2020	445,657	$ 7	790,468	871	(345,689)
Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2020		64,528,970
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions, shares		37,568
Issuance of common stock for employee share purchase plan	7,391		7,391
Issuance of common stock for employee share purchase plan, shares		104,818
Exercise of stock options	3,228		3,228
Exercise of stock options, shares		404,858
Stock-based compensation expense	24,547		24,547
Vested restricted stock units, shares		298,155
Temporary equity reclassification	(752)		(752)
Settlement of convertible senior notes	(2,169)		(2,169)
Settlement of convertible senior notes, shares		1,453,221
Other comprehensive income (loss)	2,036			2,036
Net loss	(14,816)				(14,816)
Balance at Apr. 30, 2020	$ 465,122	$ 7	$ 822,713	$ 2,907	$ (360,505)
Balance, shares at Apr. 30, 2020		66,827,590

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Convertible Senior Notes - Additional Information (Details) shares in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) d $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($) d $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2019 d	Apr. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 11, 2019 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Multiples of principal amount	$ 1,000
Temporary equity			$ 752,000			$ 16,835,000
Interest expense			11,900,000		$ 3,000,000.0
Coupon interest expense			400,000		$ 200,000
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Principal amount			$ 805,000,000			805,000,000
Debt instrument, Interest rate			0.125%
Debt instrument, Issued amount								$ 805,000,000.0
Net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes	$ 667,400,000
Debt instrument, Interest payment terms			interest is payable semi-annually in cash at a rate of 0.125% per annum on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2019.
Debt instrument, Frequency of periodic payment			semi-annually
Debt Instrument, Date of first required payment	Dec. 15, 2019
Debt instrument, Maturity date	Jun. 15, 2025
Debt Instrument, Convertible terms			Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 15, 2025, the 2025 Notes are convertible at the option of holders during certain periods, upon satisfaction of certain conditions. On or after March 15, 2025, the 2025 Notes are convertible at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date.
Debt instrument, Initial conversion rate of shares of common stock per $1,000 principal	6.2658
Debt instrument, Initial conversion price per share | $ / shares	$ 159.60
Debt instrument, fundamental change, repurchase price, equals to principal amount of convertible notes	100.00%
Debt discount	$ 252,900,000
Transaction costs related to convertible notes	$ 18,800,000
Debt Conversion, shares issued | shares			5.0
If-converted value in excess of principal amount			$ 83,200,000			7,800,000
Effective interest rate of the liability component, excluding notes conversions options			7.05%
Remaining life period			5 years 1 month 6 days
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Capped Call Options
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchase price of capped call options			$ 118,700,000
Capped call exercise price | $ / shares			295.55
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Initial conversion price per share | $ / shares			$ 159.60
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of principal amount shall be declare as due and payable upon certain events of default	25.00%
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Conversion Notes Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading/business days | d				20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days | d				30
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of sales price of common stock				130.00%
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Conversion Notes Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading/business days | d	5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days | d	5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of sales price of common stock	98.00%
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Private Placement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Principal amount	$ 805,000,000.0
Debt instrument, Interest rate	0.125%
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Initial Placement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Principal amount	$ 700,000,000.0
0.125% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | Overallotment Option
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Principal amount	$ 105,000,000.0
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Principal amount			$ 137,953,000			230,000,000	$ 230,000,000.0
Debt instrument, Interest rate			0.375%				0.375%
Net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes							$ 200,400,000
Debt instrument, Interest payment terms			The interest rate is fixed at 0.375% per annum for the 2023 Notes and is payable semi-annually in arrears on July 15 and January 15 of each year, which commenced on July 15, 2018.
Debt instrument, Frequency of periodic payment			semi-annually
Debt Instrument, Date of first required payment							Jul. 15, 2018
Debt instrument, Initial conversion rate of shares of common stock per $1,000 principal							22.4685
Debt instrument, Initial conversion price per share | $ / shares							$ 44.5068
Debt conversion, Principal amount			$ 96,000,000.0
Debt conversion, cash payment			$ 92,000,000.0
Debt Conversion, shares issued | shares			3.1
Debt instrument, fair value			$ 203,400,000
Gain (loss) on conversion of debt			2,600,000
Debt Conversion Convertible Instrument Outstanding Amount			4,000,000.0
Temporary equity			752,000
If-converted value in excess of principal amount			$ 407,900,000			$ 602,800,000
Effective interest rate of the liability component, excluding notes conversions options			7.66%
Remaining life period			2 years 8 months 12 days
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023 | Capped Call Options
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchase price of capped call options			$ 23,300,000
Capped call exercise price | $ / shares			63.821
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023 | Common Stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, Initial conversion price per share | $ / shares			$ 44.51
Debt Conversion, shares issued | shares			1.5
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023 | Conversion Notes Holders Conversion Rights, Circumstances 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading/business days | d			20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days | d			30
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of sales price of common stock			130.00%
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023 | Scenario Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt conversion, Principal amount		$ 28,900,000

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Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Activity Related to RSUs (Details) - 2016 Equity Incentive Plan - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of RSUs Outstanding, Awarded and unvested, Beginning balance | shares	2,830,782
Number of RSUs Outstanding, Awards granted | shares	922,039
Number of RSUs Outstanding, Awards vested | shares	(298,155)
Number of RSUs Outstanding, Awards forfeited | shares	(55,192)
Number of RSUs Outstanding, Awarded and unvested, Ending balance | shares	3,399,474
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Awarded and unvested, Beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 70.90
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Awards granted | $ / shares	146.26
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Awards vested | $ / shares	55.06
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Awards forfeited | $ / shares	79.11
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Awarded and unvested, Ending balance | $ / shares	$ 92.60

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 11. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to federal and various state income taxes in the United States as well as income taxes in foreign jurisdictions in which it conducts business. The Company does not provide for federal income taxes on the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as such earnings are reinvested indefinitely.

The Company recorded a tax provision of approximately $229,000 and $410,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, representing effective tax rates of (1.57%) and (2.04%), respectively.  

The difference between the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% and the Company's effective tax rate in all periods presented is primarily due to a full valuation allowance related to the Company's U.S. deferred tax assets and foreign expense on the Company's profitable jurisdictions.  

The Company's material income tax jurisdictions are the United States (federal) and California. As a result of net operating loss carryforwards, the Company is subject to audits for tax years 2006 and onward for federal purposes and 2009 and onward for California purposes. There are tax years which remain subject to examination in various other state and foreign jurisdictions that are not material to the Company's financial statements.

On March 27, 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES” Act). The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses, temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, temporary suspension of certain payment requirements for the employer portion of Social Security taxes, technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of certain qualified improvement property, and the creation of certain refundable employee retention credits. The Company does not expect there to be a significant tax impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements at this time, and will continue to assess the implications of the CARES Act and its continuing developments and interpretations.            

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following tables represent the changes in goodwill (in thousands):

Balance at January 31, 2020	$	442,112
Adjustment		974
Balance at April 30, 2020	$	443,086

Other Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the other intangible assets balances (in thousands):

			As of
			April 30, 2020							January 31, 2020
	Weighted Average Remaining Useful Lives (in Years)		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology		3.6	$	125,135	$	(33,650	)	$	91,485	$	125,135	$	(26,840	)	$	98,295
Customer relationships		3.9		38,294		(9,991	)		28,303		38,294		(8,061	)		30,233
Trademarks		0.1		955		(948	)		7		955		(823	)		132
Total other intangible assets			$	164,384	$	(44,589	)	$	119,795	$	164,384	$	(35,724	)	$	128,660

Amortization expense related to other intangible assets was approximately $8.9 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

As of April 30, 2020, the future amortization expense of other intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending January 31,
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	26,228
2022		34,538
2023		29,985
2024		23,868
2025		5,176
Thereafter		—
Total	$	119,795

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Marketable Securities

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Investments Debt And Equity Securities [Abstract]

Marketable Securities

Note 3. Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of available-for-sale marketable securities, excluding those securities classified within cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

	April 30, 2020
	Amortized Costs		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	273,635	$	1,734	$	—		$	275,369
Corporate notes and bonds		120,234		559		(60	)		120,733
Asset backed securities		5,014		21		—			5,035
U.S. agency obligations		5,001		—		(2	)		4,999
Certificates of deposit		3,838		—		—			3,838
Total marketable securities	$	407,722	$	2,314	$	(62	)	$	409,974

	January 31, 2020
	Amortized Costs		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	306,871	$	324	$	—	$	307,195
Corporate notes and bonds		155,751		272		—		156,023
Commercial paper		15,977		—		—		15,977
Asset backed securities		15,501		17		—		15,518
Certificates of deposit		4,447		—		—		4,447
Total marketable securities	$	498,547	$	613	$	—	$	499,160

As of April 30, 2020, the fair values of available-for-sale marketable securities, by remaining contractual maturity, were as follows (in thousands):

Due within one year	$	331,806
Due in one year through five years	78,168
Total	$	409,974

The Company's marketable securities consist primarily of US Treasury securities and high credit quality corporate notes and bonds. As the Company views its marketable securities as available to support its current operations, it has classified all available for sale securities as short-term.

The Company regularly reviews the changes to the rating of its debt securities by rating agencies as well as reasonably monitors the surrounding economic conditions to assess the risk of expected credit losses. As of April 30, 2020, the unrealized losses and the related risk of expected credit losses was insignificant.

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Significant Customers and Geographic Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2020

Geographic Areas Revenues From External Customers [Abstract]

Revenues by Geographic Area

During the three months ended April 30, 2020 and April 30, 2019, revenues by geographic area, based on billing addresses of the customers, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	April 30,
	2020		2019
United States	$	78,716	$	50,780
Foreign countries		40,498		30,564
Total revenues	$	119,214	$	81,344

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Marketable Securities - Schedule of Fair Values of Available-for-sale Marketable Securities by Remaining Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities [Abstract]
Due within one year	$ 331,806
Due in one year through five years	78,168
Total fair values of available-for-sale investment securities	$ 409,974	$ 499,160