10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

__________________________

FORM 10-Q 

__________________________

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

or

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from     to

Commission file number 001-33493

____________________________________________________________________________________

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________________________________________________________

Cayman Islands	N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. employer identification no.)
65 Market Street
Suite 1207, Jasmine Court
P.O. Box 31110
Camana Bay
Grand Cayman
Cayman Islands	KY1-1205
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

(345) 943-4573

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Ordinary Shares	GLRE	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). 

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

Large accelerated filer ☐         Accelerated filer ☒          Non-accelerated filer ☐          Smaller reporting company ☐          Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) 

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class A Ordinary Shares, $0.10 par value	29,007,963
Class B Ordinary Shares, $0.10 par value	6,254,715
(Class)	Outstanding at May 5, 2023

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	6
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	7
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	37
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	38
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	39
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	40
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	40
Item 5.	Other Information	40
Item 6.	Exhibits	40
SIGNATURES		41

2

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED) 

March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022

(expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share and share amounts)

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Investments
Investment in related party investment fund	$	196,060	$	178,197
Other investments	71,162		70,279
Total investments	267,222		248,476
Cash and cash equivalents	40,024		38,238
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	626,236		668,310
Reinsurance balances receivable (net of allowance for expected credit losses of 2023: $356 and 2022: $356)	581,641		505,555
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable (net of allowance for expected credit losses of 2023: $62 and 2022: $62)	16,927		13,239
Deferred acquisition costs	84,555		82,391
Unearned premiums ceded	20,783		18,153
Other assets	7,128		6,019
Total assets	$	1,644,516	$	1,580,381
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	$	595,799	$	555,468
Unearned premium reserves	337,889		307,820
Reinsurance balances payable	109,249		105,135
Funds withheld	21,846		21,907
Other liabilities	7,311		6,397
Convertible senior notes payable	62,381		80,534
Total liabilities	1,134,475		1,077,261
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)
Shareholders' equity
Preferred share capital (par value $0.10; authorized, 50,000,000; none issued)	—		—
Ordinary share capital (Class A: par value $0.10; authorized, 100,000,000; issued and outstanding, 29,007,963 (2022: 28,569,346): Class B: par value $0.10; authorized, 25,000,000; issued and outstanding, 6,254,715 (2022: 6,254,715))	3,526		3,482
Additional paid-in capital	479,429		478,439
Retained earnings	27,086		21,199
Total shareholders' equity	510,041		503,120
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,644,516	$	1,580,381

  The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an

integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED) 

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

(expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share and share amounts)

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
Revenues
Gross premiums written	$	186,455	$	145,886
Gross premiums ceded	(11,212)		(6,009)
Net premiums written	175,243		139,877
Change in net unearned premium reserves	(32,594)		(13,952)
Net premiums earned	142,649		125,925
Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund (net of related party expenses - Note 3)	(3,138)		4,077
Net investment income (loss)	8,378		3,660
Other income (expense), net	7,097		(633)
Total revenues	154,986		133,029
Expenses
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred	96,725		97,407
Acquisition costs	41,476		32,945
General and administrative expenses	9,936		7,232
Deposit interest expense	132		34
Interest expense	776		1,154
Total expenses	149,045		138,772
Income (loss) before income tax	5,941		(5,743)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(54)		16
Net income (loss)	$	5,887	$	(5,727)
Earnings (loss) per share (Class A and Class B) (Note 2)
Basic	$	0.17	$	(0.17)
Diluted	$	0.17	$	(0.17)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the determination of earnings and loss per share (Note 2)
Basic	34,059,185		32,926,227
Diluted	38,231,607		32,926,227

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an

integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.  

4

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

 For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

(expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
Ordinary share capital
Balance - beginning of period	$	3,482	$	3,384
Issue of Class A ordinary shares, net of forfeitures	44		88
Balance - end of period	3,526		3,472
Additional paid-in capital
Balance - beginning of period	478,439		481,784
Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting guidance for convertible debt at January 1, 2022	—		(7,896)
Share-based compensation expense	990		917
Balance - end of period	479,429		474,805
Retained earnings (deficit)
Balance - beginning of period	21,199		(9,505)
Cumulative effect of adoption of accounting guidance for convertible debt at January 1, 2022	—		5,362
Net income (loss)	5,887		(5,727)
Balance - end of period	27,086		(9,870)
Total shareholders' equity	$	510,041	$	468,407

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an

integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. 

5

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

(expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars) 

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	5,887	$	(5,727)
Adjustments to reconcile net income or loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Loss (income) from investments in related party investment fund	3,138		(4,077)
Net realized gain on repurchase of convertible senior notes payable	(265)		—
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on investments	(550)		(3,899)
Net realized (gains) losses on investments	800		—
Foreign exchange (gains) losses	(4,931)		38
Share-based compensation expense	1,034		1,005
Amortization and interest expense, net of change in accruals	(803)		(845)
Net change in:
Accrued interest receivable	(58)		—
Reinsurance balances receivable	(72,203)		(36,280)
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable	(3,688)		(269)
Deferred acquisition costs	(3,782)		(3,352)
Unearned premiums ceded	(2,630)		(4,836)
Other assets, excluding depreciation	(1,109)		3
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	37,709		25,131
Unearned premium reserves	35,225		18,546
Reinsurance balances payable	4,114		4,468
Funds withheld	(61)		137
Other liabilities	914		(1,661)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(1,259)		(11,618)
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from redemptions from related party investment fund	26,000		46,658
Contributions to related party investment fund	(47,001)		(10,000)
Purchases of investments	(1,075)		(3,402)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(22,076)		33,256
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchases of convertible senior notes payable	(17,085)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(17,085)		—
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	132		—
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(40,288)		21,638
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	706,548		711,101
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	666,260	$	732,739
Supplementary information
Interest paid in cash	$	1,578	$	2,000
Income tax paid in cash	$	21	$	—

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an

integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. 

6

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

March 31, 2023

1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. (“GLRE” and, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the “Company”) was incorporated as an exempted company under the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands on July 13, 2004. The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries are described below:

•Greenlight Reinsurance, Ltd. (“Greenlight Re”), domiciled in the Cayman Islands, is a Class D insurer license issued in accordance with the terms of The Insurance Act, 2010 (as amended) and underlying regulations thereto (the “Act”) and is subject to regulation by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority. Greenlight Re commenced underwriting in April 2006.

•Greenlight Reinsurance Ireland, Designated Activity Company (“GRIL”), domiciled in Ireland since 2010, is authorized as a non-life reinsurance undertaking in accordance with the provisions of the European Union (Insurance and Reinsurance) Regulations 2015. GRIL provides multi-line property and casualty reinsurance capacity to the European broker market and provides GLRE with an additional platform to serve clients located in Europe and North America.

• Greenlight Re Marketing (UK) Limited, domiciled in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) since 2020, is a U.K. company formed to expand GLRE’s presence in the Lloyd’s of London market (“Lloyd’s”).

•Greenlight Re Corporate Member Ltd., domiciled in the U.K. since 2014, is a corporate member that became a wholly-owned subsidiary of GLRE in 2023 and provides underwriting capacity for various Lloyd’s syndicates, including Syndicate 3456.

•Verdant Holding Company, Ltd., domiciled in the United States since 2008, is an investment holding company.

Additionally, through Greenlight Innovation Syndicate 3456 (“Syndicate 3456”), Greenlight Re provides a (re)insurance platform to its growing portfolio of insurtech partnerships. Domiciled in the U.K. since 2022, Syndicate 3456 is authorized to underwrite under the Lloyd’s syndicate-in-a-box model.

The Class A ordinary shares of GLRE are listed on Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GLRE.”

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include GLRE and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and all significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations as at the end of and for the periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

7

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The significant estimates reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, premiums written, earned, and receivable, variability underlying risk transfer assessments, allowances for credit losses, share-based compensation, valuation allowances associated with deferred tax assets and investment impairments.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances to collateralize regulatory trusts and letters of credit issued to cedents (see Note 11). The following table reconciles the cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,024	$	38,238
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	626,236		668,310
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	666,260	$	706,548

Funds Held by Cedents

The caption “Reinsurance balances receivable” in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes financial assets held by cedents. At March 31, 2023, funds held by cedents were $367.8 million (December 31, 2022: $337.4 million). Such amounts include premiums withheld by Lloyd’s syndicates and funds contributed by the Company to Lloyd's as security for members’ underwriting activities. The Lloyd’s syndicates invest a portion of the premiums withheld in investment funds and fixed-maturity securities. The Company records its share of income (or expense) from these assets, in its condensed consolidated statements of operations under the caption “Other income (expense)” as reported by the syndicates on a quarterly lag basis due to the timing of the availability of these quarterly financial reports.

Deposit Assets and Liabilities

At March 31, 2023, deposit assets and liabilities were $3.1 million and $8.8 million, respectively (December 31, 2022: $3.1 million and $10.7 million, respectively). For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest income (expense) on deposit-accounted contracts were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Deposit interest income	$	—	$	—
Deposit interest expense	$	(132)	$	(34)
Deposit interest income (expense), net	$	(132)	$	(34)

Foreign Exchange

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, $4.9 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $(1.1) million), of foreign exchange gains (losses) were included in the Company’s net income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. 

8

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The following table reconciles net income (loss) and weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share and share amounts):

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
Numerator for earnings per share
Net income (loss) - basic	$	5,887	$	(5,727)
Add: interest on convertible notes	776		—
Less: gain on debt repurchases	(265)		—
Net income (loss) - diluted	$	6,398	$	(5,727)
Denominator for earnings per share
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	34,059,185		32,926,227
Effect of dilutive employee and director share-based awards	341,263		—
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes	3,831,159		—
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	38,231,607		32,926,227
Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding	690,337		735,627
Participating securities excluded from calculation of loss per share	—		815,847
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes excluded from calculation of diluted loss per share	—		5,818,182
Earnings (loss) per Class A and Class B ordinary share:
Basic	$	0.17	$	(0.17)
Diluted	$	0.17	$	(0.17)

Due to the net loss attributable to common shareholders recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2022, the share-based awards and convertible notes were anti-dilutive.

3. INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND

The Company has entered into the Second Amended and Restated Exempted Limited Partnership Agreement (the “SILP LPA”) of Solasglas Investments, LP (“SILP”), with DME Advisors II, LLC (“DME II”), as General Partner, Greenlight Re, and GRIL, (together, the “GLRE Limited Partners”). SILP has entered into a SILP investment advisory agreement (“IAA”) with DME Advisors. LP (“DME Advisors”), pursuant to which DME Advisors is the investment manager for SILP. DME II and DME Advisors are related to the Company, and each is an affiliate of David Einhorn, Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Chairman”).

At March 31, 2023, the SILP LPA included the following proviso: “The Investment Portfolio of each Partner will not exceed the product of (a) such Partner’s surplus (Greenlight Re Surplus or GRIL Surplus, as the case may be) multiplied by (b) the Investment Cap (60%), and the General Partner will designate any portion of a Partner’s Investment Portfolio as Designated Securities to effectuate such limit.”

The Company has concluded that SILP qualifies as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) under U.S. GAAP. In assessing its interest in SILP, the Company noted the following:

•DME II serves as SILP’s general partner and has the power to appoint the investment manager. The Company does not have the power to appoint, change or replace the investment manager or the general partner except “for cause.” Neither of the GLRE Limited Partners can participate in the investment decisions of SILP as long as SILP adheres to the investment guidelines provided within the SILP LPA. For these reasons, the GLRE Limited Partners are not considered to have substantive participating rights or kick-out rights.

9

•DME II holds an interest in excess of 10% of SILP’s net assets, which the Company considers to represent an obligation to absorb losses and a right to receive benefits of SILP that are significant to SILP.

Consequently, the Company has concluded that DME II’s interests, not the Company’s, meet both the “power” and “benefits” criteria associated with VIE accounting guidance. Therefore DME II is SILP’s primary beneficiary. The Company presents its investment in SILP in its condensed consolidated balance sheets in the caption “Investment in related party investment fund.”

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss relating to SILP is limited to the net asset value of the GLRE Limited Partners’ investment in SILP. At March 31, 2023, the net asset value of the GLRE Limited Partners’ investment in SILP was $196.1 million (December 31, 2022: $178.2 million), representing 71.6% (December 31, 2022: 69.3%) of SILP’s total net assets. DME II held the remaining 28.4% (December 31, 2022: 30.7%) of SILP’s total net assets. The investment in SILP is recorded at the GLRE Limited Partners’ share of the net asset value of SILP as reported by SILP’s third-party administrator. The GLRE Limited Partners can redeem their assets from SILP for operational purposes by providing 3 business days’ notice to DME II. At March 31, 2023, the majority of SILP’s long investments were composed of cash and publicly traded equity securities, which could be readily liquidated to meet the GLRE Limited Partners’ redemption requests.

The Company’s share of the change in the net asset value of SILP for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $(3.1) million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $4.1 million), and shown in the caption “Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund” in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The summarized financial statements of SILP are presented below.

Summarized Statement of Assets and Liabilities of Solasglas Investments, LP

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Assets
Investments, at fair value	$	370,568	$	304,806
Derivative contracts, at fair value	15,095		17,547
Due from brokers	42,257		109,169
Interest and dividends receivable	8		527
Total assets	427,928		432,049
Liabilities and partners’ capital
Liabilities
Investments sold short, at fair value	(132,658)		(159,382)
Derivative contracts, at fair value	(14,737)		(12,443)
Capital withdrawals payable	(670)		(75)
Due to brokers	(5,299)		(2,050)
Interest and dividends payable	(418)		(760)
Other liabilities	(184)		(159)
Total liabilities	(153,966)		(174,869)
Net Assets	$	273,962	$	257,180
GLRE Limited Partners’ share of Net Assets	$	196,060	$	178,197

10

Summarized Statement of Operations of Solasglas Investments, LP

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Investment income
Dividend income (net of withholding taxes)	$	627	$	320
Interest income	1,816		49
Total Investment income	2,443		369
Expenses
Management fee	(1,068)		(891)
Interest	(1,428)		(256)
Dividends	(419)		(382)
Professional fees and other	(282)		(264)
Total expenses	(3,197)		(1,793)
Net investment income (loss)	(754)		(1,424)
Realized and change in unrealized gains (losses)
Net realized gain (loss)	(1,760)		24,148
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation)	(1,033)		(16,792)
Net gain (loss) on investment transactions	(2,793)		7,356
Net income (loss)	$	(3,547)	$	5,932
GLRE Limited Partners’ share of net income (loss) (1)	$	(3,138)	$	4,077

(1) Net income (loss) is net of management fees and performance allocation presented below:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Management fees	$	1,068	$	891
Performance allocation	—		453
Total	$	1,068	$	1,344

See Note 10 for further details on related party management fees and performance allocation.

11

4. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Private investments and unlisted equity securities without readily determinable fair values

At March 31, 2023, the Company included the following private investments and unlisted securities without readily determinable fair values in the caption “Other investments”:

	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Accrued interest		Fair value / carrying value
	($ in thousands)
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	22,488	$	42,461	$	(2,265)	$	—	$	62,684
Debt and convertible debt securities	2,420		—		—		58		2,478
Certificates of deposit	6,000		—		—		—		6,000
Total other investments	$	30,908	$	42,461	$	(2,265)	$	58	$	71,162

The accrued interest on certificates of deposit was included in other assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, the Company included the following private investments and unlisted securities without readily determinable fair values in the caption “Other investments”:

	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Fair value / carrying value
	($ in thousands)
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	22,787	$	42,461	$	(2,815)	$	62,433
Debt and convertible debt securities	1,846		—		—		1,846
Certificates of deposit	6,000		—		—		6,000
Total other investments	$	30,633	$	42,461	$	(2,815)	$	70,279

The following table presents the carrying values of the private investments and unlisted equity securities carried under the measurement alternative at March 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related adjustments recorded during the periods then ended.

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Carrying value (1)	$	62,684	$	54,312
Upward carrying value changes (2)	$	—	$	3,827
Downward carrying value changes and impairment (3)	$	(250)	$	—

(1) The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.

(2) The cumulative upward carrying value changes from inception to March 31, 2023, totaled $42.9 million.

(3) The cumulative downward carrying value changes and impairments from inception to March 31, 2023, totaled $3.3 million.

During three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company realized a loss of $0.8 million (three months ended March 31,2022: $nil), and a corresponding reversal of unrealized loss relating to an investment which was previously fully impaired at December 31, 2022, resulting in no impact to the Company’s net income (loss) for the quarter.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received in an asset sale or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between unaffiliated market participants. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on the extent to which the inputs are observable in the market. The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is prioritized into three levels (with Level 3 being the lowest) defined as follows:

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• Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.

• Level 2: Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated with observable market data.

• Level 3: Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. The term “unobservable inputs” includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held $53.6 million and $53.6 million, respectively, of private investments and unlisted equities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company classifies these assets as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes the periods between the most recent fair value measurement dates and March 31, 2023, for the private and unlisted equities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

	Less than 6 months		6 to 12 months		Over 1 year		Total
	($ in thousands)
Fair values measured on a nonrecurring basis	$	599	$	24,451	$	28,503	$	53,553

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held $9.1 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of private investments and unlisted equities measured at cost.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not carry any other investments at fair value with an assigned Level within the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s investment in the related party investment fund is measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient.Therefore, this investment is not classified within the fair value hierarchy. (See Note 3 for further details on the related party investment fund.)

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, at Fair Value

The caption “Convertible senior notes payable” represents financial instruments that the Company carries at amortized cost. The fair value of the convertible senior notes payable is estimated based on the bid price observed in an inactive market for the identical instrument (Level 2 input) (see Note 7).

The carrying value of debt and convertible debt securities (see “Private investments and unlisted equity securities without readily determinable fair values” above) and certificates of deposit with original maturities of one year or less approximates their fair values. The Company classifies these assets as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

5. LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loss and loss adjustment expense reserves were composed of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Case reserves	$	195,957	$	184,756
IBNR	399,842		370,712
Total	$	595,799	$	555,468

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A summary of changes in outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for all lines of business consolidated for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: 

Consolidated	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Gross balance at January 1	$	555,468	$	524,010
Less: Losses recoverable	(13,239)		(11,100)
Net balance at January 1	542,229		512,910
Incurred losses related to:
Current year	84,687		95,082
Prior years	12,038		2,325
Total incurred	96,725		97,407
Paid losses related to:
Current year	(5,546)		(9,903)
Prior years	(57,158)		(59,901)
Total paid	(62,704)		(69,804)
Foreign currency revaluation	2,622		(2,741)
Net balance at March 31	578,872		537,772
Add: Losses recoverable	16,927		11,369
Gross balance at March 31	$	595,799	$	549,141

Estimates for Significant Catastrophe Events

At March 31, 2023, the Company’s net reserves for losses and loss expenses included estimated amounts for several catastrophe and weather-related events. The magnitude and complexity of losses arising from certain of these events inherently increase the level of uncertainty and, accordingly, the level of management judgement involved in arriving at estimated net reserves for losses and loss expenses. Consequently, actual losses for these events may ultimately differ materially from current management estimates.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized catastrophe and weather-related losses, net of reinsurance, of $6.2 million related to the Turkey earthquake, the New Zealand Cyclone Gabrielle and the U.S. convective storms that occurred during the current quarter, coupled with $4.1 million of CAT losses relating to the 2022 Winter Storm Elliott for total CAT losses of $10.3 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $17.9 million).

Prior Year Reserve Development

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the estimate of net losses incurred relating to prior accident years increased by $12.0 million, primarily due to the following:

•$4.1 million relating to the 2022 Winter Storm Elliott as noted above; and

•$9.8 million of additional attritional losses driven mainly by $7.8 million on casualty contracts (mostly 2019 and 2021 underwriting years) and $1.9 million on property contracts (mostly 2020 and 2021 underwriting years).

These increases were partially offset by $1.9 million of loss reserve reduction on other lines of business (mostly 2021 and 2022 underwriting years).

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the estimate of net losses incurred relating to prior accident years increased by $2.3 million, primarily due to adverse development on a health contract and additional losses from the COVID-19 pandemic.

6. RETROCESSION

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s earned ceded premiums were $8.6 million, (three months ended March 31, 2022: $1.2 million). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, loss and loss adjustment expenses recovered and changes in losses recoverable were $6.2 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $0.7 million).

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Retrocession contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to its cedents. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. At March 31, 2023, the Company’s loss reserves recoverable consisted of (i) $12.5 million (December 31, 2022: $9.5 million) recoverable from unrated retrocessionaires, of which $12.2 million (December 31, 2022: $9.2 million) were secured by cash, letters of credit and collateral held in trust accounts for the benefit of the Company and (ii) $4.5 million (December 31, 2022: $3.8 million) recoverable from retrocessionaires rated A- or above by A.M. Best.

The Company regularly evaluates its net credit exposure to assess the ability of the retrocessionaires to honor their respective obligations. At March 31, 2023, the Company had recorded an allowance for expected credit losses of $62 thousand (December 31, 2022: $62 thousand).

7. SENIOR CONVERTIBLE NOTES

On August 7, 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million of senior unsecured convertible notes (the “Notes”), which mature on August 1, 2023. The Notes bear interest at 4.0%, payable semiannually on February 1 and August 1 of each year beginning February 1, 2019.

Noteholders have the option, under certain conditions, to redeem the Notes prior to maturity. At March 31, 2023, the Company’s share price was lower than the conversion price of $17.19 per share. If a holder redeems the Notes, the Company shall have the option to settle the conversion obligation in cash, ordinary shares of the Company, or a combination thereof pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the Notes.

The Company’s effective borrowing rate for non-convertible debt at the time of issuance of the Notes was estimated to be 6.0%. The Company incurred issuance costs in connection with the issuance of the Notes. At March 31, 2023, the unamortized portion of these costs was $0.2 million (December 31, 2022: $0.4 million), which the Company expects to amortize through the maturity date.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 the Company repurchased and canceled $17.5 million of the Notes, resulting in realized gains of $0.3 million, which is included in Other income (expense), net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The carrying value of the Notes outstanding at March 31, 2023, including accrued interest of $0.4 million, was $62.4 million (December 31, 2022: $80.5 million). At March 31, 2023, the Company estimated the fair value of the Notes (excluding accrued interest) to be $60.3 million (December 31, 2022: $77.1 million) (see Note 4 Financial Instruments).

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.8 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $1.2 million), which included the interest coupon and the amortization of issuance costs.

The Company was in compliance with all covenants relating to the Notes at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023, the Company had a remaining obligation for interest and principal payments of $63.4 million.

8. SHARE CAPITAL

The following table is a summary of the Company’s ordinary shares issued and outstanding:

	Three months ended March 31		Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	Class A	Class B	Class A	Class B
Balance – beginning of period	28,569,346	6,254,715	27,589,731	6,254,715
Issue of ordinary shares, net of forfeitures	438,617	—	876,785	—
Repurchase of ordinary shares	—	—	—	—
Balance – end of period	29,007,963	6,254,715	28,466,516	6,254,715

Under the $25.0 million share repurchase plan approved by the Board, expiring on June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased no Class A ordinary shares during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. All Class A ordinary shares repurchased are canceled immediately upon repurchase. On May 2, 2023, the Board of Directors re-approved the share

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repurchase plan effective from July 1, 2023 until June 30, 2024, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $25.0 million of Class A ordinary shares or securities convertible into Class A ordinary shares in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or Rule 10b5-1 stock trading plans.

Under the Company’s stock incentive plan (see Note 9), the number of Class A ordinary shares authorized for issuance is 8.0 million shares. At March 31, 2023, 1,387,727 (December 31, 2022: 2,011,426) Class A ordinary shares remained available for future issuance under the Company’s stock incentive plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the stock incentive plan. 

9. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Employee and Director Restricted Shares

The following table summarizes the activity for unvested outstanding restricted share awards during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Performance Restricted Shares			Service Restricted Shares
	Number of non-vested restricted  shares	Weighted  average grant date fair value		Number of non-vested restricted  shares	Weighted  average grant date fair value
Balance at December 31, 2021	193,149	$	10.10	753,407	$	8.68
Granted	601,213	6.82		248,659	6.82
Vested	—	—		(122,233)	10.84
Forfeited	—	—		(8,476)	7.67
Balance at March 31, 2022	794,362	$	7.62	871,357	$	7.86
Balance at December 31, 2022	794,362	$	7.62	832,896	$	7.76
Granted	357,766	9.85		152,001	9.85
Vested	—	—		(256,243)	6.75
Forfeited	(99,428)	9.62		(49,417)	8.64
Balance at March 31, 2023	1,052,700	$	8.19	679,237	$	8.54

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 587,462 (three months ended March 31, 2022: 849,872) Class A ordinary shares to employees pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan. The restricted shares granted to employees in 2023 and 2022 include (i) restricted shares with both performance and service-based vesting conditions (“Performance RSs”) and (ii) restricted shares with only service-based vesting conditions (“Service RSs”). The Service RSs vest evenly each year on January 1, subject to the grantee’s continued service with the Company. If performance goals are achieved, the Performance RSs will cliff vest at the end of a three-year performance period within a range of 25% and 100% of the awarded Performance RSs, with a target of 50%. During the vesting period, the holder of the Service RSs and Performance RSs retains voting rights but is entitled to any dividends declared by the Company only upon vesting.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the total fair value of restricted shares vested was $1.7 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $1.3 million).

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Employee Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activity for unvested outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Performance Restricted Stock Units			Service Restricted Stock Units
	Number of non-vested RSUs	Weighted  average grant date fair value		Number of non-vested RSUs	Weighted  average grant date fair value
Balance at December 31, 2022	105,008	$	6.82	172,952	$	7.58
Granted	71,121	9.85		42,811	9.85
Vested	—	—		(77,695)	6.74
Forfeited	—	—		(1,788)	7.82
Balance at March 31, 2023	176,129	$	8.04	136,280	$	8.76

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company granted 113,932 (three months ended March 31,2022: 159,215) RSUs to employees pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan. The RSUs include (i) RSUs with both performance and service-based vesting conditions (“Performance RSUs”) and (ii) RSUs with only service-based vesting conditions (“Service RSUs”). The Service RSUs vest evenly each year on January 1, subject to the grantee’s continued service with the Company. If performance goals are achieved, the Performance RSUs will cliff vest at the end of a three-year performance period within a range of 25% and 100% of the awarded Performance RSUs, with a target of 50%. Prior to 2022, the RSUs issued to employees cliff vested three years after the date of issuance, subject to the grantee’s continued service with the Company.

Stock Compensation Expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the combined stock compensation expense (net of forfeitures) which was included in the caption “General and administrative expenses” in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations was $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Investment Advisory Agreement

Each of DME, DME II, and DME Advisors is an affiliate of the Chairman and, therefore, is a related party to the Company.

The Company has entered into the SILP LPA (as described in Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements). DME II receives a performance allocation equal to (with capitalized terms having the meaning provided under the SILP LPA) (a) 10% of the portion of the Positive Performance Change for each limited partner’s capital account that is less than or equal to the positive balance in such limited partner’s Carryforward Account, plus (b) 20% of the portion of the Positive Performance Change for each limited partner’s capital account that exceeds the positive balance in such limited partner’s Carryforward Account. The Carryforward Account for Greenlight Re and GRIL includes the amount of investment losses to be recouped, including any loss generated on the assets invested in SILP, subject to adjustments for redemptions. The loss carry-forward provision in the SILP LPA allows DME II to earn a reduced performance allocation of 10% of profits in years subsequent to any year in which SILP has incurred a loss until all losses are recouped, and an additional amount equal to 150% of the loss is earned.

In accordance with the SILP LPA, DME Advisors constructs a levered investment portfolio as agreed by the Company (the “Investment Portfolio”, as defined in the SILP LPA). On September 1, 2018, SILP entered into the IAA with DME Advisors, which entitles DME Advisors to a monthly management fee equal to 0.125% (1.5% on an annual basis) of each limited partner’s Investment Portfolio. The IAA has an initial term ending on August 31, 2023, subject to an automatic extension for successive three-year terms.

For a detailed breakdown of management fees and performance compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, refer to Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Pursuant to the SILP LPA and the IAA, the Company has agreed to indemnify DME, DME II, and DME Advisors for any expense, loss, liability, or damage arising out of any claim asserted or threatened in connection with DME Advisors serving as the Company’s or SILP’s investment advisor. The Company will reimburse DME, DME II, and DME Advisors for reasonable costs and expenses of investigating and defending such claims, provided such claims were not caused due to gross negligence, breach of contract, or misrepresentation by DME, DME II, or DME Advisors. The Company incurred no indemnification amounts during the periods presented.

Green Brick Partners, Inc.

David Einhorn also serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Green Brick Partners, Inc. (“GRBK”), a publicly-traded company. At March 31, 2023, SILP, along with certain affiliates of DME Advisors, collectively owned 37.9% of the issued and outstanding common shares of GRBK. Under applicable securities laws, DME Advisors may sometimes be limited in its ability to trade GRBK shares held in SILP. At March 31, 2023, SILP held 2.7 million shares of GRBK.

Service Agreement

The Company has entered into a service agreement with DME Advisors, pursuant to which DME Advisors provides certain investor relations services to the Company for compensation of five thousand dollars per month (plus expenses). The agreement automatically renews annually until terminated by either the Company or DME Advisors for any reason with 30 days prior written notice to the other party. 

Collateral Assets Investment Management Agreement

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company (and its subsidiaries) entered into a collateral assets investment management agreement (the “CMA”) with DME Advisors, pursuant to which DME Advisors manages certain assets of the Company that are not subject to the SILP LPA and are held by the Company to provide collateral required by the cedents in the form of trust accounts and letters of credit. In accordance with the CMA, DME Advisors receives no fees and is required to comply with the collateral investment guidelines. The CMA can be terminated by any of the parties upon 30 days’ prior written notice to the other parties.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Letters of Credit and Trusts

At March 31, 2023, the Company had the following committed letter of credit facility:

	Maximum Facility Limit		Termination Date	Notice period required for termination
	($ in thousands)
Citibank Europe plc	$	275,000	August 20, 2023	120 days before the termination date

There was no amendment to the above credit facility since December 31, 2022.

In addition, the Company has a $14.0 million uncommitted letter of credit facility with Citibank Europe plc. At March 31, 2023, an aggregate amount of $282.3 million (December 31, 2022: $203.9 million) in letters of credit was issued under the credit facilities. At March 31, 2023, the Company had pledged total cash and cash equivalents with a fair value in the aggregate of $283.1 million (December 31, 2022: $204.7 million) as collateral against the letters of credit issued and included in the caption “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company was in compliance with all the covenants of these facilities at March 31, 2023.

The Company has also established regulatory trust arrangements for certain cedents. At March 31, 2023, collateral of $343.2 million (December 31, 2022: $463.7 million) was provided to cedents in the form of regulatory trust accounts and included in the caption “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Litigation

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be involved in formal and informal dispute resolution procedures, which may include arbitration or litigation. The outcomes of these procedures determine the rights and obligations under the Company’s reinsurance contracts and other contractual agreements. In some disputes, the Company may seek to enforce its rights under an agreement or collect funds owed. In other matters, the Company may resist attempts by others to collect funds or enforce alleged rights. While the Company cannot predict the outcome of legal disputes with certainty, the Company does not believe that any existing dispute, when finally resolved, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, or operating results.

12. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has one operating segment, Property & Casualty (Re)insurance.

The following tables provide a breakdown of the Company’s gross premiums written by line and class of business, and by geographic area of risks insured for the periods indicated:

Gross Premiums Written by Line of Business

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
Property
Commercial	$	14,598	7.8	%	$	3,986	2.7	%
Motor	232		0.1		1,446		1.0
Personal	15,542		8.3		13,103		9.0
Total Property	30,372		16.2		18,535		12.7
Casualty
General Liability	19,516		10.5		10,005		6.9
Motor Liability	5,599		3.0		5,109		3.5
Professional Liability	3,647		2.0		141		0.1
Workers' Compensation	3,159		1.7		9,920		6.8
Multi-line	63,283		33.9		53,094		36.4
Total Casualty	95,204		51.1		78,269		53.7
Other
Accident & Health	2,476		1.3		1,894		1.3
Financial	22,538		12.1		21,036		14.4
Marine	8,568		4.6		8,399		5.7
Other Specialty	27,297		14.7		17,753		12.2
Total Other	60,879		32.7		49,082		33.6
	$	186,455	100.0	%	$	145,886	100.0	%

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Gross Premiums Written by Geographic Area of Risks Insured

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
U.S. and Caribbean	$	69,852	37.5	%	$	76,037	52.1	%
Worldwide (1)	106,262		57.0		66,271		45.4
Europe	3,427		1.8		2,874		2.0
Asia	6,914		3.7		704		0.5
	$	186,455	100.0	%	$	145,886	100.0	%

(1) “Worldwide” is composed of contracts that reinsure risks in more than one geographic area and may include risks in the U.S. 

Item 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,”  or “the Company” refer to Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. (“GLRE”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries unless the context dictates otherwise. See Item 1, Note 1 of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for list of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. References to our “ordinary shares” refer collectively to our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, which appear in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

The following is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and financial condition at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in Management’s Discussion and Analysis, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives, and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended , and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “predict,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

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● Our results of operations fluctuate from period to period and may not be indicative of our long-term prospects.

● The impact of general economic, capital and credit market conditions, including banking sector instability, financial market illiquidity and fluctuations in interest rates, equity securities’ prices and/or foreign currency exchange rates.

● A downgrade or withdrawal of our A.M. Best ratings would materially and adversely affect our ability to implement our business strategy.

● Any suspension or revocation of any of our licenses would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

● Our investment performance depends in part on the performance of SILP and may suffer as a result of adverse financial market developments or other factors that impact SILP’s liquidity, which could materially and adversely affect our investment results, financial condition and results of operations.

● The carry values of our Innovations investments may differ significantly from those that would be used if we carried these investments at fair value.

● Our level of debt may have an adverse impact on our liquidity, restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to business opportunities, and increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions.

● Greenlight Capital Re, Greenlight Re and/or GRIL may be subject to United States federal income taxation.

● The other matters set forth in the section entitled “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether due to new information, future events, or otherwise. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only to the dates they were made.

We intend to communicate certain events that we believe may have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position, including property and casualty catastrophic events and material losses in our investment portfolio, in a timely manner through a public announcement. Other than as required by the Exchange Act, we do not intend to make public announcements regarding reinsurance or investment events that we do not believe, based on management’s estimates and current information, will have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position.

General

We are a global specialty property and casualty (re)insurer headquartered in the Cayman Islands, with an underwriting and investment strategy that we believe differentiates us from most of our competitors. Our goal is to build long-term shareholder value by providing risk management solutions to the insurance, reinsurance, and other risk marketplaces. We focus on delivering risk solutions to clients and brokers who value our expertise, analytics, and customer service offerings.

We aim to complement our underwriting activities with a non-traditional investment approach designed to achieve higher rates of return over the long term than reinsurance companies that exclusively employ more traditional investment strategies. Our investment portfolio is managed according to a value-oriented philosophy, in which our investment advisor takes long positions in perceived undervalued securities and short positions in perceived overvalued securities.

Through Greenlight Re Innovations (“Innovations”), we support technology innovators in the (re)insurance market by providing investment capital, risk capacity, and access to a broad insurance network.

Because we seek to capitalize on favorable market conditions and opportunities, period-to-period comparisons of our underwriting results may not be meaningful. Also, our historical investment results are not necessarily indicative of future performance. Due to the nature of our reinsurance and investment strategies, our operating results will likely fluctuate from period to period.

The Company’s reinsurance subsidiaries hold an A.M. Best Financial Strength Rating of A- (Excellent) with a stable outlook.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain certain amounts that are inherently subjective and have required management to make assumptions and best estimates to determine reported values. If certain factors, including those described in “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023, cause actual events or results to differ materially from our underlying assumptions or estimates. In that case, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity. The most significant estimates relate to: premium revenues and risk transfer, loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, investment impairments, allowances for credit losses, and share-based compensation.

We believe that the critical accounting estimates discussion in “Part II. Item 7. — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results on Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 continues to describe the significant estimates and judgments included in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

At March 31, 2023, there were no recently issued accounting pronouncements that we have not yet adopted that we expect could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

Segments

We have one operating segment, Property & Casualty (Re)insurance, and we analyze our business based on the following categories:

● Property

● Casualty

● Other

Property business covers personal lines, commercial lines exposures and automobile physical damage. Property business includes both catastrophe and non-catastrophe coverage.

Casualty business covers general liability, motor liability, professional liability, and workers’ compensation exposures. The Company’s multi-line business includes the Funds at Lloyd’s business. As our Lloyd’s syndicate contracts incorporate property (including incidental catastrophe), casualty, and other exposures, we categorize them as multi-line (and therefore casualty) business. However, these contracts are composed of primarily short-tailed risks.

Other business covers accident and health, financial (including transactional liability, mortgage insurance, surety, and trade credit), marine, energy, as well as other specialty business such as aviation, crop, cyber, political, and terrorism exposures.

Outlook and Trends

We operate in a business where we expect volatility in our underwriting results. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred losses from catastrophe and weather-related events (herein referred as “CAT” losses) of $10.3 million from Cyclone Gabrielle, the Turkey earthquake, the U.S. convective storms in 2023, and Winter Storm Elliott in December 2022. As noted below, these loss trends have led to improved pricing at the January 1st and April 1st renewal seasons.

The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict has resulted in continued financial and economic sanctions imposed by the U.S., United Kingdom, European Union, and other countries, which have caused significant disruption in the global economy and have increased economic and geopolitical uncertainty. If this conflict is prolonged, we and other reinsurers may incur additional losses in future periods.

While there are signs that global inflationary pressures may be abating, this continues to be a significant concern to the (re)insurance industry, as it can add uncertainty to the cost of claims, particularly for classes of business with long payout tails. As a result, it creates pricing challenges for new business and valuation challenges in claims reserves. We continue to manage these concerns and risks in multiple ways:

•Our underwriting strategy focuses on relatively short-tailed business, which is inherently less exposed to inflation than long-tailed lines. We estimate the payout duration of our existing reserves at less than three years.

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•We incorporate inflation assumptions in all our pricing and reassess these assumptions frequently.

•We are minimizing our exposure to classes that are experiencing severe supply-chain-driven inflation.

The rising interest rate environment has had a mixed impact on our financial results. While in 2022 we experienced losses driven by fixed-income securities held by the Lloyd’s syndicates in which we participate, the higher interest rates have improved the yield on our restricted cash and cash equivalents. To the extent interest rates continue to increase, we expect to see these trends continue. The SILP portfolio is positioned to also benefit from rising interest rates and an inflationary environment.

The combination of the recent loss events, continued inflation, and rising interest rates led to a significant reduction in the amount of reinsurance capital available for deployment, which in turn has led to market conditions that we consider more favorable than any we have experienced in more than a decade. The January 1 renewal season saw widespread pricing improvements in the aviation, war and terror, and marine classes and even higher increases in property catastrophe rates. These short-tailed specialty and property catastrophe classes represent a significant portion of our 2023 business plan. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we grew our property line by 63.9% over the same quarter in 2022 to $30.4 million (representing 16.3% of total gross premiums written). Elsewhere in our portfolio, average percentage rate improvements were in the single digits.

Additionally, we continue to be encouraged by our Innovations unit, whose central objective is to enhance our underwriting return and risk profile by establishing a range of strategic partnerships. Our Innovations-related premiums, including premiums written by Syndicate 3456, grew by 57.2% for three months ended March 31, 2023 over the same quarter in 2022, and accounted for approximately 14.9% of our net premiums written for the three months ended March 31, 2023. We see the potential for continued growth from Innovations-derived underwriting opportunities in 2023.

Key Financial Measures and Non-GAAP Measures

Management uses certain key financial measures, some of which are not prescribed under U.S. GAAP rules and standards (“non-GAAP financial measures”), to evaluate our financial performance, financial position, and the change in shareholder value. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure, as defined in SEC Regulation G, is a numerical measure of a company’s historical or future financial performance, financial position, or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented under U.S. GAAP. We believe that these measures, which may be calculated or defined differently by other companies, provide consistent and comparable metrics of our business performance to help shareholders understand performance trends and facilitate a more thorough understanding of the Company’s business. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be viewed as substitutes for those determined under U.S. GAAP.

The non-GAAP financial measures used in this report are:

•Basic book value per share and fully diluted book value per share; and

•Net underwriting income (loss)

These non-GAAP financial measures are described below.

Basic Book Value Per Share and Fully Diluted Book Value Per Share

We believe that long-term growth in fully diluted book value per share is the most relevant measure of our financial performance because it provides management and investors a yardstick to monitor the shareholder value generated. Fully diluted book value per share may also help our investors, shareholders, and other interested parties form a basis of comparison with other companies within the property and casualty reinsurance industry. Basic book value per share and fully diluted book value per share should not be viewed as substitutes for the comparable U.S. GAAP measures.

We calculate basic book value per share as (a) ending shareholders' equity, divided by (b) aggregate of Class A and Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding, including all unvested service-based restricted shares, and the earned portion of performance-based restricted shares granted after December 31, 2021. We exclude shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes if the conversion price exceeds the share price.

Fully diluted book value per share represents basic book value per share combined with any dilutive impact of in-the-money stock options, unvested service-based RSUs, and the earned portion of unvested performance-based RSUs granted. Fully diluted book value per share also includes the dilutive effect, if any, of ordinary shares expected to be issued upon settlement of the convertible notes.

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Our primary financial goal is to increase fully diluted book value per share over the long term. We use fully diluted book value per share as a financial measure in our annual incentive compensation.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures basic and fully diluted book value per share to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure:

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022			September 30, 2022			June 30, 2022			March 31, 2022
	($ in thousands, except per share and share amounts)
Numerator for basic and fully diluted book value per share:
Total equity (U.S. GAAP) (numerator for basic and fully diluted book value per share)	$	510,041		$	503,120		$	466,952		$	484,293		$	468,407
Denominator for basic and fully diluted book value per share: (1)
Ordinary shares issued and outstanding as presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets	35,262,678			34,824,061			34,824,061			34,721,231			34,721,231
Less: Unearned performance-based restricted shares granted after December 31, 2021	(851,828)			(516,489)			(539,161)			(560,927)			(581,593)
Denominator for basic book value per share	34,410,850			34,307,572			34,284,900			34,160,304			34,139,638
Add: In-the-money stock options, service-based RSUs granted, and earned performance-based RSUs granted	157,431			187,750			183,790			179,988			176,379
Denominator for fully diluted book value per share	34,568,281			34,495,322			34,468,690			34,340,292			34,316,017
Basic book value per share	$	14.82		$	14.66		$	13.62		$	14.18		$	13.72
Increase (decrease) in basic book value per share ($)	$	0.16		$	1.04		$	(0.56)		$	0.46		$	(0.33)
Increase (decrease) in basic book value per share (%)	1.1		%	7.6		%	(3.9)		%	3.4		%	(2.3)		%
Fully diluted book value per share	$	14.75		$	14.59		$	13.55		$	14.10		$	13.65
Increase (decrease) in fully diluted book value per share ($)	$	0.16		$	1.04		$	(0.55)		$	0.45		$	(0.34)
Increase (decrease) in fully diluted book value per share (%)	1.1		%	7.7		%	(3.9)		%	3.3		%	(2.4)		%

(1) For periods prior to January 1, 2022, all unvested restricted shares are included in the “basic” and “fully diluted” denominators. Restricted shares with performance-based vesting conditions granted after December 31, 2021, are included in the “basic” and “fully diluted” denominators to the extent that the Company has recognized the corresponding share-based compensation expense. At March 31, 2023, the aggregate number of unearned restricted shares with performance conditions not included in the “basic” and “fully diluted” denominators was 1,014,317 (December 31, 2022: 709,638, September 30, 2022: 732,310, June 30, 2022: 754,076, March 31, 2022: 774,742).

Net Underwriting Income (Loss)

One way that we evaluate the Company’s underwriting performance is by measuring net underwriting income (loss). We do not use premiums written as a measure of performance. Net underwriting income (loss) is a performance measure used by management to evaluate the fundamentals underlying the Company’s underwriting operations. We believe that the use of net underwriting income (loss) enables investors and other users of the Company’s financial information to analyze our performance in a manner similar to how management analyzes performance. Management also believes this measure follows industry practice and allows the users of financial information to compare the Company’s performance with that of our industry peer group.

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Net underwriting income (loss) is considered a non-GAAP financial measure because it excludes items used to calculate net income before taxes under U.S. GAAP. We calculate net underwriting income (loss) as net premiums earned, plus other income relating to reinsurance and deposit-accounted contracts, less deposit interest expense, less net loss and loss adjustment expenses, acquisition costs, and underwriting expenses. The measure excludes, on a recurring basis: (1) investment income (loss); (2) other income (expense) not related to underwriting, including foreign exchange gains or losses, Lloyd’s interest income and expense, and adjustments to the allowance for expected credit losses; (3) corporate general and administrative expenses; and (4) interest expense. We exclude total investment income or loss, foreign exchange gains or losses, Lloyd’s interest income or expense and expected credit losses as we believe these items are influenced by market conditions and other factors unrelated to underwriting decisions. Additionally, we exclude corporate and interest expenses because these costs are generally fixed and not incremental to or directly related to our underwriting operations. We believe all of these amounts are largely independent of our underwriting process, and including them could hinder the analysis of trends in our underwriting operations. Net underwriting income (loss) should not be viewed as a substitute for U.S. GAAP net income before income taxes.

The reconciliations of net underwriting income (loss) to income (loss) before income taxes (the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure) on a consolidated basis are shown below:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Income (loss) before income tax	$	5,941	$	(5,743)
Add (subtract):
Total investment (income) loss	(5,240)		(7,737)
Other non-underwriting (income) expense	(7,097)		633
Corporate expenses	5,997		4,011
Interest expense	776		1,154
Net underwriting income (loss)	$	377	$	(7,682)

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Results of Operations

The table below summarizes our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023			2022
	(in thousands, except percentages)
Underwriting revenue
Gross premiums written	$	186,455		$	145,886
Gross premiums ceded	(11,212)			(6,009)
Net premiums written	175,243			139,877
Change in net unearned premium reserves	(32,594)			(13,952)
Net premiums earned	$	142,649		$	125,925
Underwriting related expenses
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred
Current year	$	84,687		$	95,082
Prior year *	12,038			2,325
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred	96,725			97,407
Acquisition costs	41,476			32,945
Underwriting expenses	3,939			3,221
Deposit accounting and other reinsurance expense (income)	132			34
Net underwriting income (loss) 1	$	377		$	(7,682)
Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund	$	(3,138)		$	4,077
Net investment income (loss)	8,378			3,660
Total investment income (loss)	$	5,240		$	7,737
Net underwriting and investment income (loss)	$	5,617		$	55
Corporate expenses	$	5,997		$	4,011
Other (income) expense, net	(7,097)			633
Interest expense	776			1,154
Income tax expense (benefit)	54			(16)
Net income (loss)	$	5,887		$	(5,727)
Earnings (loss) per share (Class A and Class B) (Note 2)
Basic	$	0.17		$	(0.17)
Diluted	$	0.17		$	(0.17)
Underwriting ratios
Loss ratio - current year	59.4		%	75.6		%
Loss ratio - prior year	8.4		%	1.8		%
Loss ratio	67.8		%	77.4		%
Acquisition cost ratio	29.1		%	26.2		%
Composite ratio	96.9		%	103.6		%
Underwriting expense ratio	2.9		%	2.6		%
Combined ratio	99.8		%	106.2		%

* The net financial impacts associated with changes in the estimate of losses incurred in prior years, which incorporate earned reinstatement premiums assumed and ceded, and adjustments to assumed and ceded acquisition costs, were a loss of $12.0 million and a loss of $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

1 Net underwriting income (loss) is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “ Key Financial Measures and Non-GAAP Measures” above for discussion and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

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Three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the fully diluted book value per share increased by $0.16 per share, or 1.1%, to $14.75 per share from $14.59 per share at December 31, 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, basic book value per share increased by $0.16 per share, or 1.1%, to $14.82 per share from $14.66 per share at December 31, 2022.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our net income was $5.9 million, compared to a net loss of $5.7 million reported for the equivalent 2022 period.

The developments that most significantly affected our financial performance during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the equivalent 2022 period, are summarized below:

•Underwriting: The underwriting income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $0.4 million. This underwriting income included $7.9 million of net prior year attritional loss development, coupled with $10.3 million of total catastrophe losses from the Turkey earthquake, New Zealand Cyclone Gabrielle, and the U.S. convective storms that occurred during the current quarter, as well as $4.1 million of losses resulting from Winter Storm Elliott that occurred in late December 2022. By comparison, the equivalent period in 2022 reported an underwriting loss of $7.7 million, which included $1.5 million of net prior year attritional loss development, coupled with CAT losses of $13.6 million from the Russian-Ukrainian war and $2.8 million from Tennessee wildfires.

Our combined ratio was 99.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 106.2% during the equivalent 2022 period. The lower CAT losses quarter over quarter contributed favorably to the combined ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The improved underwriting performance was partially offset by higher adverse attritional loss development from prior years, which added 5.6 percentage points to our combined ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 0.6 percentage points for same period in 2022.

•Investments: Our total investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $5.2 million, compared to total investment income of $7.7 million reported for the same period in 2022. Our investment in SILP reported a loss of $3.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a gain of $4.1 million during the equivalent period in 2022. Other investment income from our Innovations investments and restricted cash and cash equivalents totaled $8.4 million and $3.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in other investment income was driven primarily by increase in short-term yields in the last twelve months.

•Other (income) expense: For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we earned other income of $7.1 million, compared to incurring other expense of $0.6 million for the same quarter in 2022. The favorable change was driven primarily by:

◦$4.9 million of foreign exchange gains during the current quarter, compared to $1.1 million of foreign exchange loss in the same quarter in 2022, due mainly to the strengthening of the pound sterling against the U.S. dollar; and

◦our share of Lloyd’s syndicates’ investment income on Funds at Lloyd’s business, which is generally conducted on a funds withheld basis. The Lloyd’s syndicates invest a portion of these funds in fixed-maturity securities and investment funds. We record our share of the investment income and mark-to-market adjustments of these fixed maturity securities when the syndicates report them to us, generally one quarter in arrears.

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Underwriting results

We analyze our business based on three categories: “property,” “casualty,” and “other.”

Gross Premiums Written

Details of gross premiums written are provided in the following table: 

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
Property	$	30,372	16.3	%	$	18,535	12.7	%
Casualty	95,204		51.1		78,269		53.7
Other	60,879		32.7		49,082		33.6
Total	$	186,455	100.0	%	$	145,886	100.0	%

As a result of our underwriting philosophy, the total premiums we write and the mix of premiums between property, casualty, and other business, may vary significantly from period to period depending on the market opportunities we identify.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our gross premiums written increased by $40.6 million, or 27.8%, compared to the equivalent 2022 period. The following table provides a further analysis of this overall increase:

Gross Premiums Written
Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Increase (decrease) ($ in millions)	% change	Explanation
Property	$11.8	63.9%	The increase was driven mainly from growth in our commercial lines and to a lesser extent personal lines of business, mainly due to favorable pricing and new contracts. This was partially offset by our continued exit strategy from motor business with only a negligible amount written during the current quarter.
Casualty	$16.9	21.6%	The increase was due primarily to favorable pricing and new contracts bound during 2023 relating to general liability and multi-line business. This was partially offset by our continued tactical strategy to lower our exposure to workers’ compensation business.
Other	$11.8	24.0%	The increase was driven mainly by new contracts within our “other specialty” lines of business, primarily in aviation and cyber risk lines.

Our Innovations-related contracts contributed $9.5 million to the overall net increase in gross premiums written for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Premiums Ceded

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, premiums ceded were $11.2 million, or 6.0% of gross premiums written, compared to $6.0 million, or 4.1% of gross premiums written for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was driven mainly by rate increase and purchase of an additional $10.0 million excess of loss coverage to reduce our exposure to marine and energy, coupled with an increase in quota share retrocessions for property lines due to growth from inward premiums.

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Net Premiums Written

Details of net premiums written are provided in the following table: 

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
Property	$	26,005	14.8	%	$	16,435	11.7	%
Casualty	95,276		54.4		78,269		56.0
Other	53,962		30.8		45,173		32.3
Total	$	175,243	100.0	%	$	139,877	100.0	%

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 net premiums written increased by $35.4 million, or 25.3%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The movement in net premiums written resulted from the changes in gross premiums written and ceded during the periods.

Net Premiums Earned

Details of net premiums earned are provided in the following table: 

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
Property	$	18,743	13.1	%	$	14,490	11.5	%
Casualty	84,115		59.0		81,228		64.5
Other	39,791		27.9		30,207		24.0
Total	$	142,649	100.0	%	$	125,925	100.0	%

Net premiums earned for the three months ended March 31, 2023, increased by $16.7 million or 13.3%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change in net premiums earned is primarily a function of the amount and timing of net premiums written during the current and prior periods, coupled by the mix of business written in the form of excess of loss versus quota share reinsurance contracts.

Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses Incurred, Net

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the components of the loss ratio were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022		Increase / (decrease) in loss ratio points
Current accident year loss ratio	59.4	%	75.5	%	(16.1)
Prior year reserve development ratio	8.4	%	1.8	%	6.6
Loss ratio	67.8	%	77.4	%	(9.5)

Current accident year loss ratio decreased to 59.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, from 75.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Adjusting for the impact of CAT losses (including Ukrainian-Russian conflict), the current accident year loss ratio decreased to 55.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, from 62.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This positive change was principally due to the impact of favorable pricing over loss trends in our lines of business.

Prior year reserve development ratio deteriorated by 6.6 points in the current quarter compared to the first quarter in 2022. Refer to Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details on prior year developments.

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Details of net losses incurred by line of business are provided in the following table:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Property	$	17,530	$	9,713
Casualty	61,038		55,373
Other	18,157		32,321
Total	$	96,725	$	97,407

The below table summarizes the loss ratios by line of business:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022		Increase / (decrease) in loss ratio points
Property	93.5	%	67.0	%	26.5
Casualty	72.6		68.2		4.4
Other	45.6		107.0		(61.4)
Total	67.8	%	77.4	%	(9.6)

The changes in net losses incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the equivalent 2022 period, were attributable to the following:

Net Losses Incurred
Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Increase (decrease) ($ in millions)	Increase / (decrease) in loss ratio points
Property	$7.8	26.5	The increase in incurred losses from property is primarily driven by the 29.4% increase in net premiums earned, coupled with CAT losses. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred $7.9 million of CAT losses relating to the Turkey earthquake, New Zealand Cyclone Gabrielle, and the U.S. convective storms in 2023, including $4.1 million relating to Winter Storm Elliott in December 2022. For the same quarter in 2022, we incurred $2.8 million of CAT losses related to the Tennessee wildfires.
Casualty	$5.7	4.4	The increase in losses incurred and loss ratio points was primarily due to adverse loss development on our professional liability, motor and workers’ compensation exposures.
Other	$(14.2)	(61.4)	Despite the 31.7% increase in net premiums earned from other specialty lines of business, the decrease in incurred losses and loss ratio points was mainly driven by favorable pricing and lower CAT events, coupled by higher volume of adverse attritional loss development in the comparative period. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred $1.4 million of adverse loss development mainly relating to the Ukraine-Russia conflict. During the same quarter in 2022, we incurred $9.5 million losses related to the Ukraine-Russia conflict.

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Russian-Ukrainian Conflict

Our loss and loss adjustment expenses from the Russian-Ukrainian conflict relate primarily to marine, energy, political violence, and terrorism (“MEPVT”) policies and whole account contracts, which are included mostly in the “Other” line of business. As of March 31, 2023, we had recorded $14.3 million incurred losses related to this CAT event (December 31, 2022: $13.6 million). We purchased excess of loss reinsurance to reduce our net exposure relating to MEPVT exposures. As of March 31, 2023, we have not recorded any reinsurance recoveries, as the estimated losses had not impacted the excess layers. However, we may generate recoveries under the retroceded contracts if we recognize significant further MEPVT losses from the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

Acquisition Costs, Net

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, our total acquisition cost increased by 25.9% to $41.5 million, compared to the same quarter in 2022, mainly due to growth in net premiums earned. The acquisition cost ratios by line of business were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022		Increase / (decrease) in acquisition cost ratio points
Property	19.0	%	23.1	%	(4.1)
Casualty	30.4		26.2		4.2
Other	31.0		27.6		3.4
Total	29.1	%	26.2	%	2.9

The changes in the acquisition cost ratios for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the equivalent period in 2022, were attributable to the following:

Change in Acquisition Cost Ratios
Three months ended March 31, 2023
	Increase / (decrease) in acquisition cost ratio points	Explanation
Property	(4.1)	The decrease was due primarily to a change in our business mix, coupled with a higher proportion of excess of loss contracts written during the current quarter, which incorporate lower commissions than quota share contracts.
Casualty	4.2	The increase was due primarily to changes in our business mix, particularly with the 29% increase in earned premium from FAL business, which has a higher ceding commission than other lines within this business.
Other	3.4	The increase was driven by business mix and higher profit commission within our financial business due to favorable underwriting performance, coupled with growth in quota share contracts within our other specialty business, which has higher acquisition cost ratio than excess of loss reinsurance treaties.

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Ratio Analysis

The following table provides our underwriting ratios by line of business: 

	Three months ended March 31								Three months ended March 31
	2023								2022
	Property		Casualty		Other		Total		Property		Casualty		Other		Total
Loss ratio	93.5	%	72.6	%	45.6	%	67.8	%	67.0	%	68.2	%	107.0	%	77.4	%
Acquisition cost ratio	19.0		30.4		31.0		29.1		23.1		26.2		27.6		26.2
Composite ratio	112.5	%	103.0	%	76.6	%	96.9	%	90.1	%	94.4	%	134.6	%	103.6	%
Underwriting expense ratio							2.9								2.6
Combined ratio							99.8	%							106.2	%

The higher underwriting expense ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, was due mainly to the additional personnel costs and outsourcing services.

General and Administrative Expenses

Details of general and administrative expenses are provided in the following table: 

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Underwriting expenses	$	3,939	$	3,221
Corporate expenses	5,997		4,011
General and administrative expenses	$	9,936	$	7,232

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, general and administrative expenses increased by $2.7 million, or 37.4%, compared to the equivalent 2022 period. In addition to the increase in underwriting expenses as previously noted above, our corporate expenses increased mainly due to severance relating to the former CFO and higher legal professional fees as a result of outsourced legal services while we sought a replacement General Counsel.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, general and administrative expenses included $1.0 million (net of $0.3 million forfeiture credit) and $1.0 million (net of insignificant forfeiture credit), respectively, of costs related to share-based compensation granted to employees and directors.

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Total Investment Income (Loss)

Total investment income (loss) incorporates (i) changes in the net asset value of our investment in SILP managed by DME Advisors, (ii) interest income earned on the restricted cash and cash equivalents pledged as collateral to our clients, and (iii) gains (or losses) and interest on our portfolio of strategic and Innovations investments. We expect our total investment income, including any change in the net asset value of our investment in SILP, to fluctuate from period to period.

A summary of our total investment income (loss) is as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Interest and dividend income, net of withholding taxes	$	8,646	$	22
Change in unrealized gains and losses	550		3,899
Investment-related foreign exchange gains (losses)	—		(38)
Interest, dividend, and other expenses	(18)		(223)
Realized gains (losses)	(800)		—
Net investment-related income (loss)	$	8,378	$	3,660
Income (loss) from investments in related party investment fund	(3,138)		4,077
Total investment income (loss)	$	5,240	$	7,737

The caption “Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund” in the above table is net of management fees paid by SILP to DME Advisors and performance compensation, if any, allocated from the Company’s investment in SILP to DME II. No performance compensation is allocated in periods of loss reported by SILP. For further information about management fees and performance compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, please refer to Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Investment Portfolio managed by DME Advisors reported a loss of 1.1%, compared to a gain of 1.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. SILP’s long portfolio gained 8.9%, the short portfolio lost 9.0%, and macro positions lost 0.3%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the significant contributors to SILP’s investment return were long positions in Green Brick Partners (GRBK), Kyndryl Holdings Inc., and gold. The largest detractors were Brighthouse Financial, one short position, and a hedge position for GRBK.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we had an unrealized loss of $0.3 million in our Innovations-related investments, compared to $3.9 million net unrealized gains recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The increase in interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily related to our restricted cash and cash equivalents, which benefited from rising U.S. interest rates.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the gross investment return (loss) on our investments managed by DME Advisors (excluding the investment advisor performance allocation) was composed of the following:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
Long portfolio gains (losses)	8.9	%	(6.0)	%
Short portfolio gains (losses)	(9.0)		4.9
Macro gains (losses)	(0.3)		3.5
Other income and expenses 1	(0.7)		(0.5)
Gross investment return	(1.1)	%	1.9	%
Net investment return 1	(1.1)	%	1.7	%

1 “Other income and expenses” excludes performance compensation but includes management fees. “Net investment return” incorporates both of these amounts.

33

The investment performance for the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflects the Investment Portfolio calculated based on 50% of GLRE Surplus, or the Company's shareholders' equity, as reported in the Company’s then most recent quarterly U.S. GAAP financial statements adjusted monthly for our share of the net profits and net losses reported by SILP during any intervening period (the “adjusted GLRE Surplus”). Effective January 1, 2023, the Investment Portfolio is calculated based on 60% of adjusted GLRE Surplus.

Each month, we post on our website (www.greenlightre.com) the returns from our investment in SILP.

Financial Condition

Total investments

The total investments reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 was $267.2 million, compared to $248.5 million at December 31, 2022, an increase of $18.7 million, or 7.5%. The increase was primarily related to net contribution into SILP resulting from release of restricted cash. The increase was partially offset by an investment loss reported by SILP.

At March 31, 2023, 91.8% of SILP’s portfolio was valued based on quoted prices in actively traded markets (Level 1), 6.1% was composed of instruments valued based on observable inputs other than quoted prices (Level 2), and 0.0% was composed of instruments valued based on non-observable inputs (Level 3). At March 31, 2023, 2.1% of SILP’s portfolio consisted of private equity funds valued using the funds’ net asset values as a practical expedient.

At March 31, 2023, 85.4% of our Innovations-related portfolio was carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, measured as of the investees’ most recently completed financing round, and 14.6% was carried at the original cost.

Other than our investment in SILP (see Note 3 of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements), we have not participated in transactions that created relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including VIEs, established to facilitate off-balance sheet arrangements. 

Restricted cash and cash equivalents

We use our restricted cash and cash equivalents for funding trusts and letters of credit issued to our ceding insurers. Our restricted cash decreased by $42.1 million, or 6.3%, from $668.3 million at December 31, 2022, to $626.2 million at March 31, 2023, primarily due to release of collateral from our ceding insurers relating to legacy contracts in run-off.

Reinsurance balances receivable

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, reinsurance balances receivable increased by $76.1 million, or 15.0%, to $581.6 million from $505.6 million at December 31, 2022. This increase was related partially to funds withheld by cedents. At March 31, 2023, funds held by cedents were $367.8 million, compared to $337.4 million at December 31, 2022. Funds withheld predominantly relate to premiums withheld by Lloyd’s syndicates and funds contributed by the Company to Lloyd's as security for members’ underwriting activities. The remaining increase related to premiums receivable on new contracts bound during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves; Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses Recoverable

Reserves for loss and loss adjustment expenses were composed of the following: 

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Case Reserves		IBNR		Total		Case Reserves		IBNR		Total
	($ in thousands)
Property	$	30,593	$	40,848	$	71,441	$	20,354	$	41,361	$	61,715
Casualty	145,409		251,139		396,548		146,702		227,979		374,681
Other	19,955		107,855		127,810		17,700		101,372		119,072
Total	$	195,957	$	399,842	$	595,799	$	184,756	$	370,712	$	555,468

34

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the total gross loss and loss adjustment expense reserves increased by $40.3 million, or 7.3%, to $595.8 million from $555.5 million at December 31, 2022. See Note 5 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of changes in outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves and a description of prior period loss developments.

At April 1, 2023, our estimated largest probable maximum loss (net of retrocession and reinstatement premiums) at a 1-in-250 year return period for a single event and in aggregate was $78.0 million and $84.7 million, respectively, both relating to the peril of North Atlantic Hurricane, compared to $77.5 million and $83.5 million, respectively, at January 1, 2023.

The below table contains the expected modeled loss for each of our peak peril regions and sub-regions, for both a single event loss and aggregate loss measures at the 1-in-250 year return period.

	April 1, 2023
	Net 1-in-250 Year Return Period
Peril	Single Event Loss		Aggregate Loss
	($ in thousands)
North Atlantic Hurricane	$	77,993	$	84,704
Southeast Hurricane	65,609		67,079
Gulf of Mexico Hurricane	52,068		56,792
Northeast Hurricane	50,728		50,728
North America Earthquake	67,641		71,009
California Earthquake	61,683		65,194
Other N.A. Earthquake	22,914		24,505
Japan Earthquake	37,348		49,128
Japan Windstorm	31,126		32,749
Europe Windstorm	31,941		36,236

The Japanese peril exposures include new contracts bound effective April 1, 2023.

Total shareholders’ equity

Total equity reported on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet increased by $6.9 million to $510.0 million at March 31, 2023, compared to $503.1 million at December 31, 2022. The increase in shareholders’ equity during the three months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily due to the net income of $5.9 million reported for the period. For details of other movements in shareholders’ equity, please see the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity.”

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We anticipate positive cash flows from operations (underwriting activities and investment income) to be sufficient to cover cash outflows under most loss scenarios in the near term. Based on expected cash flows from operations, financing arrangements and redemptions from related party investment fund as needed, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to cover our working capital requirements and other contractual obligations and commitments through the foreseeable future. Refer to the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section included in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for a general discussion of liquidity and capital resources. The following provides an update on material changes to our liquidity and capital resources during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Sources and Uses of Funds

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of funds for the respective periods:

35

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022		Change
	($ in thousands)
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(1,259)	$	(11,618)	$	10,359
Investing activities	(22,076)		33,256		(55,332)
Financing activities	(17,085)		—		(17,085)
Effect of currency exchange on cash(1)	132		—		132
Net cash inflows (outflows)	(40,288)		21,638		(61,926)
Cash, beginning of period	706,548		711,101		(4,553)
Cash, end of period	$	666,260	$	732,739	$	(66,479)

(1) Cash includes unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents - see Note 2 of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cash used in operating activities

The decrease in cash used in our operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 over the same quarter in 2022 was driven mainly by the ebb and flow from our underwriting activities, which may vary significantly from period to period depending on the mix of business, the nature of underwriting opportunities available and volume of claims submitted to us by our cedents.

Cash provided by investing activities

The increase in cash used for our investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 over the same quarter in 2022 was mainly due to contributions (net of redemptions) of $21.0 million into SILP, compared to net redemptions from SILP of $36.7 million during the same period in 2022.

Cash used in financing activities

The increase in cash used in our financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 over the same quarter in 2022 was due to the partial repurchase of our outstanding convertible senior notes at a discount.

Cash at March 31, 2023

As a result of the above activities, coupled with the foreign exchange rate adjustment on foreign cash, our consolidated cash position declined to $666.3 million at March 31, 2023, from $706.5 million at December 31, 2022.

Letters of Credit and Trust Arrangements

See Note 11 of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for details on the committed and uncommitted letter of credit facilities. We provide collateral to cedents in the form of letters of credit and trust arrangements. At March 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of collateral provided to cedents under such arrangements was $625.5 million (December 31, 2022: $667.6 million). At March 31, 2023, the letters of credit and trust accounts were secured by restricted cash and cash equivalents with a total fair value of $626.2 million (December 31, 2022: $668.3 million).

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Since December 31, 2022, the material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments at March 31, 2023 were as follows:

Payment due:	Less than  1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than  5 years		Total
	($ in thousands)
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves (1)	$	295,516	$	176,952	$	67,325	$	56,005	$	595,799

36

(1) Due to the nature of our reinsurance operations, the amount and timing of the cash flows associated with our reinsurance contractual liabilities will fluctuate, perhaps materially, and, therefore, are highly uncertain.

Additionally, we have related party commitments as disclosed in Note 11 of the condensed consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2023, we estimate the reduced performance allocation of 10% to continue to be applied until SILP achieves additional investment returns of 150%, at which point the performance allocation will revert to 20%. For detailed breakdowns of management fees and performance compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, refer to Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Capital

Our capital structure currently consists of senior convertible notes and equity issued in two classes of ordinary shares. We expect that the existing capital base and internally generated funds will be sufficient to implement our business strategy for the foreseeable future. However, to provide us with flexibility and timely access to public capital markets should we require additional capital for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general corporate purposes, we have filed a Form S-3 registration statement, which expires in July 2024. We are in the process of arranging refinancing for the outstanding convertible senior notes that mature in August 2023. If we are unable to refinance the convertible senior notes, we may find alternative financing arrangements, or fund the settlement at maturity using cash on hand, or withdrawals from SILP.

Effects of Inflation

Inflation generally affects the cost of claims and claim expenses. Long-tailed lines of business generally have greater exposure to inflation than short-tailed lines, with this differential becoming more pronounced as the severity of inflation increases. Our underwriting portfolio is predominantly short-tailed, and we actively manage our exposures to lines that experience significant inflation. Our pricing and reserving models incorporate the anticipated effects of inflation on our claim costs, and we regularly review and update our assumptions. However, we cannot predict or estimate the onset, duration, and severity of an inflationary period with precision. The actual effect of inflation may differ significantly from our assumptions.

Inflation can also affect the asset values in SILP’s investment portfolio. DME Advisors regularly monitors and re-positions SILP’s investment portfolio to deal with the impact of inflation on its underlying investments, and holds macro positions to benefit from a rising inflationary environment.

Item 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We believe we are principally exposed to the following types of market risk: 

• equity price risk;

• commodity price risk;

• foreign currency risk;

• interest rate risk;

• credit risk; and

• political risk.

See “Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, for a discussion of our exposure to these risks. The following is an update of the material changes in our exposure to market risk at March 31, 2023 since December 31, 2022:

Equity Price Risk

At March 31, 2023, a 10% decline in the price of each of the underlying listed equity securities and equity-based derivative instruments would result in a $12.0 million loss to our Investment Portfolio and $2.1 million loss to our proportionate share of the equity exposure held by the Lloyd’s syndicates.

37

Commodity Price Risk

The following table summarizes the net impact that a 10% increase and decrease in commodity prices would have on the value of our Investment Portfolio at March 31, 2023. The below table excludes the indirect effect that changes in commodity prices might have on equity securities in our Investment Portfolio. 

	10% increase in commodity prices		10% decrease in commodity prices
Commodity	Change in fair value		Change in fair value
	($ in millions)
Gold	$	4.1	$	(4.1)
Silver	0.3		(0.3)
Uranium	0.3		(0.3)
Crude oil	0.2		(0.2)
Total	$	4.9	$	(4.9)

Foreign Currency Risk

The following table summarizes the net impact of a hypothetical 10% currency rate movement relating to our GBP and Euro denominated reinsurance net liabilities (including balances held at Lloyd's) at March 31, 2023:

Currency	Net Exposure		10% increase in currency rate		10% decrease in currency rate
	($ in thousands)
GBP	£	6,589	$	812	$	(812)
Euro	€	(10,477)	(1,136)		1,136
Total foreign exchange loss (gain)			$	(324)	$	324

Additionally, a 10% increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies would have no meaningful impact on the value of our Investment Portfolio at March 31, 2023.

Interest Rate Risk

There was no material change in our exposure to interest rate risk at March 31, 2023 since December 31, 2022, except for our investment in SILP, which includes interest-rate sensitive securities, such as corporate and sovereign debt instruments and interest rate options. At March 31, 2023, a 100 basis points increase or decrease in interest rates would result in a $7.5 million gain or a $5.8 million loss, respectively, to our Investment Portfolio.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act, the Company has evaluated, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in such rules) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

38

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all frauds. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake.

Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based, in part, upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.  

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company continues to review its disclosure controls and procedures, including its internal controls over financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that the Company’s systems evolve with its business.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, in the normal course of business, we may be involved in formal and informal dispute resolution procedures, which may include arbitration or litigation, the outcomes of which determine our rights and obligations under our reinsurance contracts and other contractual agreements. In some disputes, we may seek to enforce our rights under an agreement or to collect funds owing to us. In other matters, we may resist attempts by others to collect funds or enforce alleged rights. While the final outcome of legal disputes cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that any of our existing contractual disputes, when finally resolved, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. 

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in this report are any of the risks described in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations.

As of March 31, 2023, there have been no other material changes to the risk factors disclosed in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. We may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Item 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 

Our Board of Directors has adopted a share repurchase plan authorizing the Company to repurchase Class A ordinary shares. From time to time, the repurchase plan has been re-approved or modified at the election of our Board of Directors. The current plan expires on June 30, 2023. On May 2, 2023, the Board of Directors re-approved the share repurchase plan effective from July 1, 2023, until June 30, 2024, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $25.0 million of Class A ordinary shares or securities convertible into Class A ordinary shares in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or Rule 10b5-1 stock trading plans.

39

The Company is not required to repurchase any Class A ordinary shares and the repurchase plan may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time without prior notice. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there was no repurchase of Class A ordinary shares.

Item 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES 

None.

Item 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Item 6.    EXHIBITS

10.1	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of March 6, 2023, by and among Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd., Greenlight Reinsurance, Ltd. and Faramarz Romer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2023).
10.2	Deed of Settlement and Release, dated as of March 6, 2023, by and among Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd., Greenlight Reinsurance, Ltd. and Neil Greenspan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2023).
10.3	Consulting Agreement, dated as of March 6, 2023, by and among Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd., Greenlight Reinsurance, Ltd. and Neil Greenspan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2023).
31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer filed hereunder pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer filed hereunder pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer filed hereunder pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (*)
32.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer filed hereunder pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (*)
101	The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023 formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity; (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Furnished herewith.

40

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.
(Registrant)
By:	/s/ SIMON BURTON
	Simon Burton Director and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
	May 9, 2023
By:	/s/ FARAMARZ ROMER
	Faramarz Romer Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)
	May 9, 2023

41

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

I, Simon Burton, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report report on Form 10-Q of Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.   

Dated:	May 9, 2023	/s/ SIMON BURTON
		Simon Burton Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.

I, Faramarz Romer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report report on Form 10-Q of Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.   

Dated:	May 9, 2023	/s/ FARAMARZ ROMER
		Faramarz Romer
		Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD. 

This certification is provided pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and accompanies the quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the "Form 10-Q") for the period ended March 31, 2023 of Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. (the "Issuer"). 

I, Simon Burton, the Principal Executive Officer of the Issuer, certify that to the best of my knowledge: 

1. The Form 10-Q fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)), as amended; and 

2. The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer. 

Dated:	May 9, 2023	/s/ SIMON BURTON
		Simon Burton Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF

GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.  

This certification is provided pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and accompanies the quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the ‘‘Form 10-Q’’) for the period ended March 31, 2023 of Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. (the ‘‘Issuer’’). 

I, Faramarz Romer, the Principal Financial Officer of the Issuer, certify that to the best of my knowledge: 

1. The Form 10-Q fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)), as amended; and 

2. The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Issuer.  

Dated:	May 9, 2023	/s/ FARAMARZ ROMER
		Faramarz Romer
		Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial officer)

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Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	May 05, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33493
Entity Registrant Name	GREENLIGHT CAPITAL RE, LTD.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	E9
Entity Address, Address Line One	65 Market Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1207, Jasmine Court
Entity Address, City or Town	Camana Bay
Entity Address, Country	KY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	KY1-1205
City Area Code	345
Local Phone Number	943-4573
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Ordinary Shares
Trading Symbol	GLRE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001385613
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Class A
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		29,007,963
Class B
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		6,254,715

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments
Investment in related party investment fund	$ 196,060	$ 178,197
Other investments	71,162	70,279
Total investments	267,222	248,476
Cash and cash equivalents	40,024	38,238
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	626,236	668,310
Reinsurance balances receivable (net of allowance for expected credit losses of 2023: $356 and 2022: $356)	581,641	505,555
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable (net of allowance for expected credit losses of 2023: $62 and 2022: $62)	16,927	13,239
Deferred acquisition costs	84,555	82,391
Unearned premiums ceded	20,783	18,153
Other assets	7,128	6,019
Total assets	1,644,516	1,580,381
Liabilities
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	595,799	555,468
Unearned premium reserves	337,889	307,820
Reinsurance balances payable	109,249	105,135
Funds withheld	21,846	21,907
Other liabilities	7,311	6,397
Convertible senior notes payable	62,381	80,534
Total liabilities	1,134,475	1,077,261
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)
Shareholders' equity
Preferred share capital (par value $0.10; authorized, 50,000,000; none issued)	0	0
Ordinary share capital (Class A: par value $0.10; authorized, 100,000,000; issued and outstanding, 29,007,963 (2022: 28,569,346): Class B: par value $0.10; authorized, 25,000,000; issued and outstanding, 6,254,715 (2022: 6,254,715))	3,526	3,482
Additional paid-in capital	479,429	478,439
Retained earnings	27,086	21,199
Total shareholders' equity	510,041	503,120
Total liabilities and equity	$ 1,644,516	$ 1,580,381

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Allowance for expected credit losses	$ 356	$ 356
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, allowance	$ 62	$ 62
Preferred share capital, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Preferred share capital, authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred share capital, issued (in shares)	0	0
Class A
Ordinary share capital, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Ordinary share capital, authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Ordinary share capital, issued (in shares)	29,007,963	28,569,346
Ordinary share capital, outstanding (in shares)	29,007,963	28,569,346
Class B
Ordinary share capital, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Ordinary share capital, authorized (in shares)	25,000,000	25,000,000
Ordinary share capital, issued (in shares)	6,254,715	6,254,715
Ordinary share capital, outstanding (in shares)	6,254,715	6,254,715

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenues
Gross premiums written	$ 186,455	$ 145,886
Gross premiums ceded	(11,212)	(6,009)
Net premiums written	175,243	139,877
Change in net unearned premium reserves	(32,594)	(13,952)
Net premiums earned	142,649	125,925
Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund (net of related party expenses - Note 3)	(3,138)	4,077
Net investment income (loss)	8,378	3,660
Other income (expense), net	7,097	(633)
Total revenues	154,986	133,029
Expenses
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred	96,725	97,407
Acquisition costs	41,476	32,945
General and administrative expenses	9,936	7,232
Deposit interest expense	132	34
Interest expense	776	1,154
Total expenses	149,045	138,772
Income (loss) before income tax	5,941	(5,743)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(54)	16
Net income (loss)	$ 5,887	$ (5,727)
Earnings (loss) per share (Class A and Class B) (Note 2)
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ (0.17)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ (0.17)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the determination of earnings and loss per share (Note 2)
Basic (in shares)	34,059,185	32,926,227
Diluted (in shares)	38,231,607	32,926,227

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Ordinary share capital	Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Retained earnings (deficit)	Retained earnings (deficit) Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 3,384	$ 481,784		$ (9,505)
Beginning balance (Accounting Standards Update 2020-06) at Dec. 31, 2021				$ (7,896)		$ 5,362
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issue of Class A ordinary shares, net of forfeitures		88
Share-based compensation expense			917
Net income (loss)	$ (5,727)				(5,727)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	468,407	3,472	474,805		(9,870)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	503,120	3,482	478,439		21,199
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issue of Class A ordinary shares, net of forfeitures		44
Share-based compensation expense			990
Net income (loss)	5,887				5,887
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 510,041	$ 3,526	$ 479,429		$ 27,086

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ 5,887	$ (5,727)
Adjustments to reconcile net income or loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Loss (income) from investments in related party investment fund	3,138	(4,077)
Net realized gain on repurchase of convertible senior notes payable	(265)	0
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on investments	(550)	(3,899)
Net realized (gains) losses on investments	800	0
Foreign exchange (gains) losses	(4,931)	38
Share-based compensation expense	1,034	1,005
Amortization and interest expense, net of change in accruals	(803)	(845)
Net change in:
Accrued interest receivable	(58)	0
Reinsurance balances receivable	(72,203)	(36,280)
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable	(3,688)	(269)
Deferred acquisition costs	(3,782)	(3,352)
Unearned premiums ceded	(2,630)	(4,836)
Other assets, excluding depreciation	(1,109)	3
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves	37,709	25,131
Unearned premium reserves	35,225	18,546
Reinsurance balances payable	4,114	4,468
Funds withheld	(61)	137
Other liabilities	914	(1,661)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(1,259)	(11,618)
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from redemptions from related party investment fund	26,000	46,658
Contributions to related party investment fund	(47,001)	(10,000)
Purchases of investments	(1,075)	(3,402)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(22,076)	33,256
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchases of convertible senior notes payable	(17,085)	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(17,085)	0
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	132	0
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(40,288)	21,638
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	706,548	711,101
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	666,260	732,739
Supplementary information
Interest paid in cash	1,578	2,000
Income tax paid in cash	$ 21	$ 0

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ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Greenlight Capital Re, Ltd. (“GLRE” and, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the “Company”) was incorporated as an exempted company under the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands on July 13, 2004. The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries are described below:

•Greenlight Reinsurance, Ltd. (“Greenlight Re”), domiciled in the Cayman Islands, is a Class D insurer license issued in accordance with the terms of The Insurance Act, 2010 (as amended) and underlying regulations thereto (the “Act”) and is subject to regulation by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority. Greenlight Re commenced underwriting in April 2006.

•Greenlight Reinsurance Ireland, Designated Activity Company (“GRIL”), domiciled in Ireland since 2010, is authorized as a non-life reinsurance undertaking in accordance with the provisions of the European Union (Insurance and Reinsurance) Regulations 2015. GRIL provides multi-line property and casualty reinsurance capacity to the European broker market and provides GLRE with an additional platform to serve clients located in Europe and North America.

• Greenlight Re Marketing (UK) Limited, domiciled in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) since 2020, is a U.K. company formed to expand GLRE’s presence in the Lloyd’s of London market (“Lloyd’s”).

•Greenlight Re Corporate Member Ltd., domiciled in the U.K. since 2014, is a corporate member that became a wholly-owned subsidiary of GLRE in 2023 and provides underwriting capacity for various Lloyd’s syndicates, including Syndicate 3456.

•Verdant Holding Company, Ltd., domiciled in the United States since 2008, is an investment holding company.

Additionally, through Greenlight Innovation Syndicate 3456 (“Syndicate 3456”), Greenlight Re provides a (re)insurance platform to its growing portfolio of insurtech partnerships. Domiciled in the U.K. since 2022, Syndicate 3456 is authorized to underwrite under the Lloyd’s syndicate-in-a-box model.

The Class A ordinary shares of GLRE are listed on Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GLRE.”

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include GLRE and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and all significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations as at the end of and for the periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The significant estimates reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, premiums written, earned, and receivable, variability underlying risk transfer assessments, allowances for credit losses, share-based compensation, valuation allowances associated with deferred tax assets and investment impairments.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances to collateralize regulatory trusts and letters of credit issued to cedents (see Note 11). The following table reconciles the cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,024	$	38,238
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	626,236		668,310
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	666,260	$	706,548

Funds Held by Cedents

The caption “Reinsurance balances receivable” in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes financial assets held by cedents. At March 31, 2023, funds held by cedents were $367.8 million (December 31, 2022: $337.4 million). Such amounts include premiums withheld by Lloyd’s syndicates and funds contributed by the Company to Lloyd's as security for members’ underwriting activities. The Lloyd’s syndicates invest a portion of the premiums withheld in investment funds and fixed-maturity securities. The Company records its share of income (or expense) from these assets, in its condensed consolidated statements of operations under the caption “Other income (expense)” as reported by the syndicates on a quarterly lag basis due to the timing of the availability of these quarterly financial reports.

Deposit Assets and Liabilities

At March 31, 2023, deposit assets and liabilities were $3.1 million and $8.8 million, respectively (December 31, 2022: $3.1 million and $10.7 million, respectively). For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest income (expense) on deposit-accounted contracts were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Deposit interest income	$	—	$	—
Deposit interest expense	$	(132)	$	(34)
Deposit interest income (expense), net	$	(132)	$	(34)

Foreign Exchange

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, $4.9 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $(1.1) million), of foreign exchange gains (losses) were included in the Company’s net income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. 

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The following table reconciles net income (loss) and weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share and share amounts):

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
Numerator for earnings per share
Net income (loss) - basic	$	5,887	$	(5,727)
Add: interest on convertible notes	776		—
Less: gain on debt repurchases	(265)		—
Net income (loss) - diluted	$	6,398	$	(5,727)
Denominator for earnings per share
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	34,059,185		32,926,227
Effect of dilutive employee and director share-based awards	341,263		—
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes	3,831,159		—
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	38,231,607		32,926,227
Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding	690,337		735,627
Participating securities excluded from calculation of loss per share	—		815,847
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes excluded from calculation of diluted loss per share	—		5,818,182
Earnings (loss) per Class A and Class B ordinary share:
Basic	$	0.17	$	(0.17)
Diluted	$	0.17	$	(0.17)

Due to the net loss attributable to common shareholders recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2022, the share-based awards and convertible notes were anti-dilutive.

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INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND

INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND

The Company has entered into the Second Amended and Restated Exempted Limited Partnership Agreement (the “SILP LPA”) of Solasglas Investments, LP (“SILP”), with DME Advisors II, LLC (“DME II”), as General Partner, Greenlight Re, and GRIL, (together, the “GLRE Limited Partners”). SILP has entered into a SILP investment advisory agreement (“IAA”) with DME Advisors. LP (“DME Advisors”), pursuant to which DME Advisors is the investment manager for SILP. DME II and DME Advisors are related to the Company, and each is an affiliate of David Einhorn, Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Chairman”).

At March 31, 2023, the SILP LPA included the following proviso: “The Investment Portfolio of each Partner will not exceed the product of (a) such Partner’s surplus (Greenlight Re Surplus or GRIL Surplus, as the case may be) multiplied by (b) the Investment Cap (60%), and the General Partner will designate any portion of a Partner’s Investment Portfolio as Designated Securities to effectuate such limit.”

The Company has concluded that SILP qualifies as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) under U.S. GAAP. In assessing its interest in SILP, the Company noted the following:

•DME II serves as SILP’s general partner and has the power to appoint the investment manager. The Company does not have the power to appoint, change or replace the investment manager or the general partner except “for cause.” Neither of the GLRE Limited Partners can participate in the investment decisions of SILP as long as SILP adheres to the investment guidelines provided within the SILP LPA. For these reasons, the GLRE Limited Partners are not considered to have substantive participating rights or kick-out rights.

•DME II holds an interest in excess of 10% of SILP’s net assets, which the Company considers to represent an obligation to absorb losses and a right to receive benefits of SILP that are significant to SILP.

Consequently, the Company has concluded that DME II’s interests, not the Company’s, meet both the “power” and “benefits” criteria associated with VIE accounting guidance. Therefore DME II is SILP’s primary beneficiary. The Company presents its investment in SILP in its condensed consolidated balance sheets in the caption “Investment in related party investment fund.”

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss relating to SILP is limited to the net asset value of the GLRE Limited Partners’ investment in SILP. At March 31, 2023, the net asset value of the GLRE Limited Partners’ investment in SILP was $196.1 million (December 31, 2022: $178.2 million), representing 71.6% (December 31, 2022: 69.3%) of SILP’s total net assets. DME II held the remaining 28.4% (December 31, 2022: 30.7%) of SILP’s total net assets. The investment in SILP is recorded at the GLRE Limited Partners’ share of the net asset value of SILP as reported by SILP’s third-party administrator. The GLRE Limited Partners can redeem their assets from SILP for operational purposes by providing 3 business days’ notice to DME II. At March 31, 2023, the majority of SILP’s long investments were composed of cash and publicly traded equity securities, which could be readily liquidated to meet the GLRE Limited Partners’ redemption requests.

The Company’s share of the change in the net asset value of SILP for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $(3.1) million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $4.1 million), and shown in the caption “Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund” in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The summarized financial statements of SILP are presented below.

Summarized Statement of Assets and Liabilities of Solasglas Investments, LP

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Assets
Investments, at fair value	$	370,568	$	304,806
Derivative contracts, at fair value	15,095		17,547
Due from brokers	42,257		109,169
Interest and dividends receivable	8		527
Total assets	427,928		432,049
Liabilities and partners’ capital
Liabilities
Investments sold short, at fair value	(132,658)		(159,382)
Derivative contracts, at fair value	(14,737)		(12,443)
Capital withdrawals payable	(670)		(75)
Due to brokers	(5,299)		(2,050)
Interest and dividends payable	(418)		(760)
Other liabilities	(184)		(159)
Total liabilities	(153,966)		(174,869)
Net Assets	$	273,962	$	257,180
GLRE Limited Partners’ share of Net Assets	$	196,060	$	178,197

Summarized Statement of Operations of Solasglas Investments, LP

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Investment income
Dividend income (net of withholding taxes)	$	627	$	320
Interest income	1,816		49
Total Investment income	2,443		369
Expenses
Management fee	(1,068)		(891)
Interest	(1,428)		(256)
Dividends	(419)		(382)
Professional fees and other	(282)		(264)
Total expenses	(3,197)		(1,793)
Net investment income (loss)	(754)		(1,424)
Realized and change in unrealized gains (losses)
Net realized gain (loss)	(1,760)		24,148
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation)	(1,033)		(16,792)
Net gain (loss) on investment transactions	(2,793)		7,356
Net income (loss)	$	(3,547)	$	5,932
GLRE Limited Partners’ share of net income (loss) (1)	$	(3,138)	$	4,077

(1) Net income (loss) is net of management fees and performance allocation presented below:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Management fees	$	1,068	$	891
Performance allocation	—		453
Total	$	1,068	$	1,344

See Note 10 for further details on related party management fees and performance allocation.

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Private investments and unlisted equity securities without readily determinable fair values

At March 31, 2023, the Company included the following private investments and unlisted securities without readily determinable fair values in the caption “Other investments”:

	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Accrued interest		Fair value / carrying value
	($ in thousands)
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	22,488	$	42,461	$	(2,265)	$	—	$	62,684
Debt and convertible debt securities	2,420		—		—		58		2,478
Certificates of deposit	6,000		—		—		—		6,000
Total other investments	$	30,908	$	42,461	$	(2,265)	$	58	$	71,162

The accrued interest on certificates of deposit was included in other assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, the Company included the following private investments and unlisted securities without readily determinable fair values in the caption “Other investments”:

	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Fair value / carrying value
	($ in thousands)
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	22,787	$	42,461	$	(2,815)	$	62,433
Debt and convertible debt securities	1,846		—		—		1,846
Certificates of deposit	6,000		—		—		6,000
Total other investments	$	30,633	$	42,461	$	(2,815)	$	70,279

The following table presents the carrying values of the private investments and unlisted equity securities carried under the measurement alternative at March 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related adjustments recorded during the periods then ended.

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Carrying value (1)	$	62,684	$	54,312
Upward carrying value changes (2)	$	—	$	3,827
Downward carrying value changes and impairment (3)	$	(250)	$	—

(1) The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.

(2) The cumulative upward carrying value changes from inception to March 31, 2023, totaled $42.9 million.

(3) The cumulative downward carrying value changes and impairments from inception to March 31, 2023, totaled $3.3 million.

During three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company realized a loss of $0.8 million (three months ended March 31,2022: $nil), and a corresponding reversal of unrealized loss relating to an investment which was previously fully impaired at December 31, 2022, resulting in no impact to the Company’s net income (loss) for the quarter.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received in an asset sale or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between unaffiliated market participants. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on the extent to which the inputs are observable in the market. The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is prioritized into three levels (with Level 3 being the lowest) defined as follows:

• Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.

• Level 2: Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated with observable market data.

• Level 3: Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. The term “unobservable inputs” includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held $53.6 million and $53.6 million, respectively, of private investments and unlisted equities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company classifies these assets as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes the periods between the most recent fair value measurement dates and March 31, 2023, for the private and unlisted equities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

	Less than 6 months		6 to 12 months		Over 1 year		Total
	($ in thousands)
Fair values measured on a nonrecurring basis	$	599	$	24,451	$	28,503	$	53,553

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held $9.1 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of private investments and unlisted equities measured at cost.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not carry any other investments at fair value with an assigned Level within the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s investment in the related party investment fund is measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient.Therefore, this investment is not classified within the fair value hierarchy. (See Note 3 for further details on the related party investment fund.)

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, at Fair Value

The caption “Convertible senior notes payable” represents financial instruments that the Company carries at amortized cost. The fair value of the convertible senior notes payable is estimated based on the bid price observed in an inactive market for the identical instrument (Level 2 input) (see Note 7).

The carrying value of debt and convertible debt securities (see “Private investments and unlisted equity securities without readily determinable fair values” above) and certificates of deposit with original maturities of one year or less approximates their fair values. The Company classifies these assets as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

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LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract]

LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES

LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loss and loss adjustment expense reserves were composed of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Case reserves	$	195,957	$	184,756
IBNR	399,842		370,712
Total	$	595,799	$	555,468

A summary of changes in outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for all lines of business consolidated for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: 

Consolidated	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Gross balance at January 1	$	555,468	$	524,010
Less: Losses recoverable	(13,239)		(11,100)
Net balance at January 1	542,229		512,910
Incurred losses related to:
Current year	84,687		95,082
Prior years	12,038		2,325
Total incurred	96,725		97,407
Paid losses related to:
Current year	(5,546)		(9,903)
Prior years	(57,158)		(59,901)
Total paid	(62,704)		(69,804)
Foreign currency revaluation	2,622		(2,741)
Net balance at March 31	578,872		537,772
Add: Losses recoverable	16,927		11,369
Gross balance at March 31	$	595,799	$	549,141

Estimates for Significant Catastrophe Events

At March 31, 2023, the Company’s net reserves for losses and loss expenses included estimated amounts for several catastrophe and weather-related events. The magnitude and complexity of losses arising from certain of these events inherently increase the level of uncertainty and, accordingly, the level of management judgement involved in arriving at estimated net reserves for losses and loss expenses. Consequently, actual losses for these events may ultimately differ materially from current management estimates.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized catastrophe and weather-related losses, net of reinsurance, of $6.2 million related to the Turkey earthquake, the New Zealand Cyclone Gabrielle and the U.S. convective storms that occurred during the current quarter, coupled with $4.1 million of CAT losses relating to the 2022 Winter Storm Elliott for total CAT losses of $10.3 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $17.9 million).

Prior Year Reserve Development

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the estimate of net losses incurred relating to prior accident years increased by $12.0 million, primarily due to the following:

•$4.1 million relating to the 2022 Winter Storm Elliott as noted above; and

•$9.8 million of additional attritional losses driven mainly by $7.8 million on casualty contracts (mostly 2019 and 2021 underwriting years) and $1.9 million on property contracts (mostly 2020 and 2021 underwriting years).

These increases were partially offset by $1.9 million of loss reserve reduction on other lines of business (mostly 2021 and 2022 underwriting years).

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the estimate of net losses incurred relating to prior accident years increased by $2.3 million, primarily due to adverse development on a health contract and additional losses from the COVID-19 pandemic.

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RETROCESSION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]

RETROCESSION

RETROCESSION

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s earned ceded premiums were $8.6 million, (three months ended March 31, 2022: $1.2 million). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, loss and loss adjustment expenses recovered and changes in losses recoverable were $6.2 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $0.7 million).

Retrocession contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to its cedents. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. At March 31, 2023, the Company’s loss reserves recoverable consisted of (i) $12.5 million (December 31, 2022: $9.5 million) recoverable from unrated retrocessionaires, of which $12.2 million (December 31, 2022: $9.2 million) were secured by cash, letters of credit and collateral held in trust accounts for the benefit of the Company and (ii) $4.5 million (December 31, 2022: $3.8 million) recoverable from retrocessionaires rated A- or above by A.M. Best.

The Company regularly evaluates its net credit exposure to assess the ability of the retrocessionaires to honor their respective obligations. At March 31, 2023, the Company had recorded an allowance for expected credit losses of $62 thousand (December 31, 2022: $62 thousand).

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SENIOR CONVERTIBLE NOTES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

SENIOR CONVERTIBLE NOTES

SENIOR CONVERTIBLE NOTES

On August 7, 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million of senior unsecured convertible notes (the “Notes”), which mature on August 1, 2023. The Notes bear interest at 4.0%, payable semiannually on February 1 and August 1 of each year beginning February 1, 2019.

Noteholders have the option, under certain conditions, to redeem the Notes prior to maturity. At March 31, 2023, the Company’s share price was lower than the conversion price of $17.19 per share. If a holder redeems the Notes, the Company shall have the option to settle the conversion obligation in cash, ordinary shares of the Company, or a combination thereof pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the Notes.

The Company’s effective borrowing rate for non-convertible debt at the time of issuance of the Notes was estimated to be 6.0%. The Company incurred issuance costs in connection with the issuance of the Notes. At March 31, 2023, the unamortized portion of these costs was $0.2 million (December 31, 2022: $0.4 million), which the Company expects to amortize through the maturity date.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 the Company repurchased and canceled $17.5 million of the Notes, resulting in realized gains of $0.3 million, which is included in Other income (expense), net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The carrying value of the Notes outstanding at March 31, 2023, including accrued interest of $0.4 million, was $62.4 million (December 31, 2022: $80.5 million). At March 31, 2023, the Company estimated the fair value of the Notes (excluding accrued interest) to be $60.3 million (December 31, 2022: $77.1 million) (see Note 4 Financial Instruments).

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $0.8 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $1.2 million), which included the interest coupon and the amortization of issuance costs.

The Company was in compliance with all covenants relating to the Notes at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023, the Company had a remaining obligation for interest and principal payments of $63.4 million.

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SHARE CAPITAL

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

SHARE CAPITAL

SHARE CAPITAL

The following table is a summary of the Company’s ordinary shares issued and outstanding:

	Three months ended March 31		Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	Class A	Class B	Class A	Class B
Balance – beginning of period	28,569,346	6,254,715	27,589,731	6,254,715
Issue of ordinary shares, net of forfeitures	438,617	—	876,785	—
Repurchase of ordinary shares	—	—	—	—
Balance – end of period	29,007,963	6,254,715	28,466,516	6,254,715

Under the $25.0 million share repurchase plan approved by the Board, expiring on June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased no Class A ordinary shares during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. All Class A ordinary shares repurchased are canceled immediately upon repurchase. On May 2, 2023, the Board of Directors re-approved the share

repurchase plan effective from July 1, 2023 until June 30, 2024, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $25.0 million of Class A ordinary shares or securities convertible into Class A ordinary shares in the open market, through privately negotiated transactions or Rule 10b5-1 stock trading plans. Under the Company’s stock incentive plan (see Note 9), the number of Class A ordinary shares authorized for issuance is 8.0 million shares. At March 31, 2023, 1,387,727 (December 31, 2022: 2,011,426) Class A ordinary shares remained available for future issuance under the Company’s stock incentive plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the stock incentive plan.

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Employee and Director Restricted Shares

The following table summarizes the activity for unvested outstanding restricted share awards during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Performance Restricted Shares			Service Restricted Shares
	Number of non-vested restricted  shares	Weighted  average grant date fair value		Number of non-vested restricted  shares	Weighted  average grant date fair value
Balance at December 31, 2021	193,149	$	10.10	753,407	$	8.68
Granted	601,213	6.82		248,659	6.82
Vested	—	—		(122,233)	10.84
Forfeited	—	—		(8,476)	7.67
Balance at March 31, 2022	794,362	$	7.62	871,357	$	7.86
Balance at December 31, 2022	794,362	$	7.62	832,896	$	7.76
Granted	357,766	9.85		152,001	9.85
Vested	—	—		(256,243)	6.75
Forfeited	(99,428)	9.62		(49,417)	8.64
Balance at March 31, 2023	1,052,700	$	8.19	679,237	$	8.54

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 587,462 (three months ended March 31, 2022: 849,872) Class A ordinary shares to employees pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan. The restricted shares granted to employees in 2023 and 2022 include (i) restricted shares with both performance and service-based vesting conditions (“Performance RSs”) and (ii) restricted shares with only service-based vesting conditions (“Service RSs”). The Service RSs vest evenly each year on January 1, subject to the grantee’s continued service with the Company. If performance goals are achieved, the Performance RSs will cliff vest at the end of a three-year performance period within a range of 25% and 100% of the awarded Performance RSs, with a target of 50%. During the vesting period, the holder of the Service RSs and Performance RSs retains voting rights but is entitled to any dividends declared by the Company only upon vesting.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the total fair value of restricted shares vested was $1.7 million (three months ended March 31, 2022: $1.3 million).

Employee Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activity for unvested outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Performance Restricted Stock Units			Service Restricted Stock Units
	Number of non-vested RSUs	Weighted  average grant date fair value		Number of non-vested RSUs	Weighted  average grant date fair value
Balance at December 31, 2022	105,008	$	6.82	172,952	$	7.58
Granted	71,121	9.85		42,811	9.85
Vested	—	—		(77,695)	6.74
Forfeited	—	—		(1,788)	7.82
Balance at March 31, 2023	176,129	$	8.04	136,280	$	8.76

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company granted 113,932 (three months ended March 31,2022: 159,215) RSUs to employees pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan. The RSUs include (i) RSUs with both performance and service-based vesting conditions (“Performance RSUs”) and (ii) RSUs with only service-based vesting conditions (“Service RSUs”). The Service RSUs vest evenly each year on January 1, subject to the grantee’s continued service with the Company. If performance goals are achieved, the Performance RSUs will cliff vest at the end of a three-year performance period within a range of 25% and 100% of the awarded Performance RSUs, with a target of 50%. Prior to 2022, the RSUs issued to employees cliff vested three years after the date of issuance, subject to the grantee’s continued service with the Company.

Stock Compensation Expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the combined stock compensation expense (net of forfeitures) which was included in the caption “General and administrative expenses” in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations was $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Investment Advisory Agreement

Each of DME, DME II, and DME Advisors is an affiliate of the Chairman and, therefore, is a related party to the Company.

The Company has entered into the SILP LPA (as described in Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements). DME II receives a performance allocation equal to (with capitalized terms having the meaning provided under the SILP LPA) (a) 10% of the portion of the Positive Performance Change for each limited partner’s capital account that is less than or equal to the positive balance in such limited partner’s Carryforward Account, plus (b) 20% of the portion of the Positive Performance Change for each limited partner’s capital account that exceeds the positive balance in such limited partner’s Carryforward Account. The Carryforward Account for Greenlight Re and GRIL includes the amount of investment losses to be recouped, including any loss generated on the assets invested in SILP, subject to adjustments for redemptions. The loss carry-forward provision in the SILP LPA allows DME II to earn a reduced performance allocation of 10% of profits in years subsequent to any year in which SILP has incurred a loss until all losses are recouped, and an additional amount equal to 150% of the loss is earned.

In accordance with the SILP LPA, DME Advisors constructs a levered investment portfolio as agreed by the Company (the “Investment Portfolio”, as defined in the SILP LPA). On September 1, 2018, SILP entered into the IAA with DME Advisors, which entitles DME Advisors to a monthly management fee equal to 0.125% (1.5% on an annual basis) of each limited partner’s Investment Portfolio. The IAA has an initial term ending on August 31, 2023, subject to an automatic extension for successive three-year terms.

For a detailed breakdown of management fees and performance compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, refer to Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Pursuant to the SILP LPA and the IAA, the Company has agreed to indemnify DME, DME II, and DME Advisors for any expense, loss, liability, or damage arising out of any claim asserted or threatened in connection with DME Advisors serving as the Company’s or SILP’s investment advisor. The Company will reimburse DME, DME II, and DME Advisors for reasonable costs and expenses of investigating and defending such claims, provided such claims were not caused due to gross negligence, breach of contract, or misrepresentation by DME, DME II, or DME Advisors. The Company incurred no indemnification amounts during the periods presented.

Green Brick Partners, Inc.

David Einhorn also serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Green Brick Partners, Inc. (“GRBK”), a publicly-traded company. At March 31, 2023, SILP, along with certain affiliates of DME Advisors, collectively owned 37.9% of the issued and outstanding common shares of GRBK. Under applicable securities laws, DME Advisors may sometimes be limited in its ability to trade GRBK shares held in SILP. At March 31, 2023, SILP held 2.7 million shares of GRBK.

Service Agreement

The Company has entered into a service agreement with DME Advisors, pursuant to which DME Advisors provides certain investor relations services to the Company for compensation of five thousand dollars per month (plus expenses). The agreement automatically renews annually until terminated by either the Company or DME Advisors for any reason with 30 days prior written notice to the other party. 

Collateral Assets Investment Management Agreement

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company (and its subsidiaries) entered into a collateral assets investment management agreement (the “CMA”) with DME Advisors, pursuant to which DME Advisors manages certain assets of the Company that are not subject to the SILP LPA and are held by the Company to provide collateral required by the cedents in the form of trust accounts and letters of credit. In accordance with the CMA, DME Advisors receives no fees and is required to comply with the collateral investment guidelines. The CMA can be terminated by any of the parties upon 30 days’ prior written notice to the other parties.

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

Letters of Credit and Trusts

At March 31, 2023, the Company had the following committed letter of credit facility:

	Maximum Facility Limit		Termination Date	Notice period required for termination
	($ in thousands)
Citibank Europe plc	$	275,000	August 20, 2023	120 days before the termination date

There was no amendment to the above credit facility since December 31, 2022.

In addition, the Company has a $14.0 million uncommitted letter of credit facility with Citibank Europe plc. At March 31, 2023, an aggregate amount of $282.3 million (December 31, 2022: $203.9 million) in letters of credit was issued under the credit facilities. At March 31, 2023, the Company had pledged total cash and cash equivalents with a fair value in the aggregate of $283.1 million (December 31, 2022: $204.7 million) as collateral against the letters of credit issued and included in the caption “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company was in compliance with all the covenants of these facilities at March 31, 2023.

The Company has also established regulatory trust arrangements for certain cedents. At March 31, 2023, collateral of $343.2 million (December 31, 2022: $463.7 million) was provided to cedents in the form of regulatory trust accounts and included in the caption “Restricted cash and cash equivalents” in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

LitigationFrom time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be involved in formal and informal dispute resolution procedures, which may include arbitration or litigation. The outcomes of these procedures determine the rights and obligations under the Company’s reinsurance contracts and other contractual agreements. In some disputes, the Company may seek to enforce its rights under an agreement or collect funds owed. In other matters, the Company may resist attempts by others to collect funds or enforce alleged rights. While the Company cannot predict the outcome of legal disputes with certainty, the Company does not believe that any existing dispute, when finally resolved, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, or operating results.

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SEGMENT REPORTING

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT REPORTING

SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has one operating segment, Property & Casualty (Re)insurance.

The following tables provide a breakdown of the Company’s gross premiums written by line and class of business, and by geographic area of risks insured for the periods indicated:

Gross Premiums Written by Line of Business

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
Property
Commercial	$	14,598	7.8	%	$	3,986	2.7	%
Motor	232		0.1		1,446		1.0
Personal	15,542		8.3		13,103		9.0
Total Property	30,372		16.2		18,535		12.7
Casualty
General Liability	19,516		10.5		10,005		6.9
Motor Liability	5,599		3.0		5,109		3.5
Professional Liability	3,647		2.0		141		0.1
Workers' Compensation	3,159		1.7		9,920		6.8
Multi-line	63,283		33.9		53,094		36.4
Total Casualty	95,204		51.1		78,269		53.7
Other
Accident & Health	2,476		1.3		1,894		1.3
Financial	22,538		12.1		21,036		14.4
Marine	8,568		4.6		8,399		5.7
Other Specialty	27,297		14.7		17,753		12.2
Total Other	60,879		32.7		49,082		33.6
	$	186,455	100.0	%	$	145,886	100.0	%

Gross Premiums Written by Geographic Area of Risks Insured

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
U.S. and Caribbean	$	69,852	37.5	%	$	76,037	52.1	%
Worldwide (1)	106,262		57.0		66,271		45.4
Europe	3,427		1.8		2,874		2.0
Asia	6,914		3.7		704		0.5
	$	186,455	100.0	%	$	145,886	100.0	%

(1) “Worldwide” is composed of contracts that reinsure risks in more than one geographic area and may include risks in the U.S.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The significant estimates reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, premiums written, earned, and receivable, variability underlying risk transfer assessments, allowances for credit losses, share-based compensation, valuation allowances associated with deferred tax assets and investment impairments.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances to collateralize regulatory trusts and letters of credit issued to cedents (see Note 11).

Funds Held by Cedents

Funds Held by CedentsThe caption “Reinsurance balances receivable” in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes financial assets held by cedents. At March 31, 2023, funds held by cedents were $367.8 million (December 31, 2022: $337.4 million). Such amounts include premiums withheld by Lloyd’s syndicates and funds contributed by the Company to Lloyd's as security for members’ underwriting activities. The Lloyd’s syndicates invest a portion of the premiums withheld in investment funds and fixed-maturity securities. The Company records its share of income (or expense) from these assets, in its condensed consolidated statements of operations under the caption “Other income (expense)” as reported by the syndicates on a quarterly lag basis due to the timing of the availability of these quarterly financial reports.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (Loss) Per ShareDue to the net loss attributable to common shareholders recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2022, the share-based awards and convertible notes were anti-dilutive.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table reconciles the cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,024	$	38,238
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	626,236		668,310
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	666,260	$	706,548

Schedule of Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table reconciles the cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,024	$	38,238
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	626,236		668,310
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	666,260	$	706,548

Schedule of Interest Income (Expense)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest income (expense) on deposit-accounted contracts were as follows:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Deposit interest income	$	—	$	—
Deposit interest expense	$	(132)	$	(34)
Deposit interest income (expense), net	$	(132)	$	(34)

Schedule of Net Income (Loss) and Weighted Average Number of Shares

The following table reconciles net income (loss) and weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share and share amounts):

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
Numerator for earnings per share
Net income (loss) - basic	$	5,887	$	(5,727)
Add: interest on convertible notes	776		—
Less: gain on debt repurchases	(265)		—
Net income (loss) - diluted	$	6,398	$	(5,727)
Denominator for earnings per share
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic	34,059,185		32,926,227
Effect of dilutive employee and director share-based awards	341,263		—
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes	3,831,159		—
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	38,231,607		32,926,227
Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding	690,337		735,627
Participating securities excluded from calculation of loss per share	—		815,847
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes excluded from calculation of diluted loss per share	—		5,818,182
Earnings (loss) per Class A and Class B ordinary share:
Basic	$	0.17	$	(0.17)
Diluted	$	0.17	$	(0.17)

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INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Schedule of Financial Information of Investment

The summarized financial statements of SILP are presented below.

Summarized Statement of Assets and Liabilities of Solasglas Investments, LP

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Assets
Investments, at fair value	$	370,568	$	304,806
Derivative contracts, at fair value	15,095		17,547
Due from brokers	42,257		109,169
Interest and dividends receivable	8		527
Total assets	427,928		432,049
Liabilities and partners’ capital
Liabilities
Investments sold short, at fair value	(132,658)		(159,382)
Derivative contracts, at fair value	(14,737)		(12,443)
Capital withdrawals payable	(670)		(75)
Due to brokers	(5,299)		(2,050)
Interest and dividends payable	(418)		(760)
Other liabilities	(184)		(159)
Total liabilities	(153,966)		(174,869)
Net Assets	$	273,962	$	257,180
GLRE Limited Partners’ share of Net Assets	$	196,060	$	178,197

Summarized Statement of Operations of Solasglas Investments, LP

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Investment income
Dividend income (net of withholding taxes)	$	627	$	320
Interest income	1,816		49
Total Investment income	2,443		369
Expenses
Management fee	(1,068)		(891)
Interest	(1,428)		(256)
Dividends	(419)		(382)
Professional fees and other	(282)		(264)
Total expenses	(3,197)		(1,793)
Net investment income (loss)	(754)		(1,424)
Realized and change in unrealized gains (losses)
Net realized gain (loss)	(1,760)		24,148
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation)	(1,033)		(16,792)
Net gain (loss) on investment transactions	(2,793)		7,356
Net income (loss)	$	(3,547)	$	5,932
GLRE Limited Partners’ share of net income (loss) (1)	$	(3,138)	$	4,077

(1) Net income (loss) is net of management fees and performance allocation presented below:

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Management fees	$	1,068	$	891
Performance allocation	—		453
Total	$	1,068	$	1,344

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Investments

At March 31, 2023, the Company included the following private investments and unlisted securities without readily determinable fair values in the caption “Other investments”:

	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Accrued interest		Fair value / carrying value
	($ in thousands)
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	22,488	$	42,461	$	(2,265)	$	—	$	62,684
Debt and convertible debt securities	2,420		—		—		58		2,478
Certificates of deposit	6,000		—		—		—		6,000
Total other investments	$	30,908	$	42,461	$	(2,265)	$	58	$	71,162

The accrued interest on certificates of deposit was included in other assets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022, the Company included the following private investments and unlisted securities without readily determinable fair values in the caption “Other investments”:

	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Fair value / carrying value
	($ in thousands)
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	22,787	$	42,461	$	(2,815)	$	62,433
Debt and convertible debt securities	1,846		—		—		1,846
Certificates of deposit	6,000		—		—		6,000
Total other investments	$	30,633	$	42,461	$	(2,815)	$	70,279

Schedule of Carrying Values of Private Investments and Unlisted Equity Securities Carried under Measurement Alternative

The following table presents the carrying values of the private investments and unlisted equity securities carried under the measurement alternative at March 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related adjustments recorded during the periods then ended.

	Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Carrying value (1)	$	62,684	$	54,312
Upward carrying value changes (2)	$	—	$	3,827
Downward carrying value changes and impairment (3)	$	(250)	$	—

(1) The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.

(2) The cumulative upward carrying value changes from inception to March 31, 2023, totaled $42.9 million.

(3) The cumulative downward carrying value changes and impairments from inception to March 31, 2023, totaled $3.3 million.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company classifies these assets as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The following table summarizes the periods between the most recent fair value measurement dates and March 31, 2023, for the private and unlisted equities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

	Less than 6 months		6 to 12 months		Over 1 year		Total
	($ in thousands)
Fair values measured on a nonrecurring basis	$	599	$	24,451	$	28,503	$	53,553

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LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract]

Schedule of Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, loss and loss adjustment expense reserves were composed of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	($ in thousands)
Case reserves	$	195,957	$	184,756
IBNR	399,842		370,712
Total	$	595,799	$	555,468

A summary of changes in outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves for all lines of business consolidated for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: 

Consolidated	2023		2022
	($ in thousands)
Gross balance at January 1	$	555,468	$	524,010
Less: Losses recoverable	(13,239)		(11,100)
Net balance at January 1	542,229		512,910
Incurred losses related to:
Current year	84,687		95,082
Prior years	12,038		2,325
Total incurred	96,725		97,407
Paid losses related to:
Current year	(5,546)		(9,903)
Prior years	(57,158)		(59,901)
Total paid	(62,704)		(69,804)
Foreign currency revaluation	2,622		(2,741)
Net balance at March 31	578,872		537,772
Add: Losses recoverable	16,927		11,369
Gross balance at March 31	$	595,799	$	549,141

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SHARE CAPITAL (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock by Class

The following table is a summary of the Company’s ordinary shares issued and outstanding:

	Three months ended March 31		Three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
	Class A	Class B	Class A	Class B
Balance – beginning of period	28,569,346	6,254,715	27,589,731	6,254,715
Issue of ordinary shares, net of forfeitures	438,617	—	876,785	—
Repurchase of ordinary shares	—	—	—	—
Balance – end of period	29,007,963	6,254,715	28,466,516	6,254,715

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Activity for Unvested Restricted Share Awards and Employee Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the activity for unvested outstanding restricted share awards during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Performance Restricted Shares			Service Restricted Shares
	Number of non-vested restricted  shares	Weighted  average grant date fair value		Number of non-vested restricted  shares	Weighted  average grant date fair value
Balance at December 31, 2021	193,149	$	10.10	753,407	$	8.68
Granted	601,213	6.82		248,659	6.82
Vested	—	—		(122,233)	10.84
Forfeited	—	—		(8,476)	7.67
Balance at March 31, 2022	794,362	$	7.62	871,357	$	7.86
Balance at December 31, 2022	794,362	$	7.62	832,896	$	7.76
Granted	357,766	9.85		152,001	9.85
Vested	—	—		(256,243)	6.75
Forfeited	(99,428)	9.62		(49,417)	8.64
Balance at March 31, 2023	1,052,700	$	8.19	679,237	$	8.54

	Performance Restricted Stock Units			Service Restricted Stock Units
	Number of non-vested RSUs	Weighted  average grant date fair value		Number of non-vested RSUs	Weighted  average grant date fair value
Balance at December 31, 2022	105,008	$	6.82	172,952	$	7.58
Granted	71,121	9.85		42,811	9.85
Vested	—	—		(77,695)	6.74
Forfeited	—	—		(1,788)	7.82
Balance at March 31, 2023	176,129	$	8.04	136,280	$	8.76

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Letters of Credit Facilities

At March 31, 2023, the Company had the following committed letter of credit facility:

	Maximum Facility Limit		Termination Date	Notice period required for termination
	($ in thousands)
Citibank Europe plc	$	275,000	August 20, 2023	120 days before the termination date

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SEGMENT REPORTING (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Gross Premiums Written by Line of Business

Gross Premiums Written by Line of Business

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
Property
Commercial	$	14,598	7.8	%	$	3,986	2.7	%
Motor	232		0.1		1,446		1.0
Personal	15,542		8.3		13,103		9.0
Total Property	30,372		16.2		18,535		12.7
Casualty
General Liability	19,516		10.5		10,005		6.9
Motor Liability	5,599		3.0		5,109		3.5
Professional Liability	3,647		2.0		141		0.1
Workers' Compensation	3,159		1.7		9,920		6.8
Multi-line	63,283		33.9		53,094		36.4
Total Casualty	95,204		51.1		78,269		53.7
Other
Accident & Health	2,476		1.3		1,894		1.3
Financial	22,538		12.1		21,036		14.4
Marine	8,568		4.6		8,399		5.7
Other Specialty	27,297		14.7		17,753		12.2
Total Other	60,879		32.7		49,082		33.6
	$	186,455	100.0	%	$	145,886	100.0	%

Schedule of Gross Premiums Written by Geographic Area of Risks Insured

Gross Premiums Written by Geographic Area of Risks Insured

	Three months ended March 31
	2023				2022
	($ in thousands)
U.S. and Caribbean	$	69,852	37.5	%	$	76,037	52.1	%
Worldwide (1)	106,262		57.0		66,271		45.4
Europe	3,427		1.8		2,874		2.0
Asia	6,914		3.7		704		0.5
	$	186,455	100.0	%	$	145,886	100.0	%

(1) “Worldwide” is composed of contracts that reinsure risks in more than one geographic area and may include risks in the U.S.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 40,024	$ 38,238
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	626,236	668,310
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$ 666,260	$ 706,548	$ 732,739	$ 711,101

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Deposit contracts, assets	$ 3,100		$ 3,100
Deposit contracts, liabilities	8,800		10,700
Reinsurance balances receivable	581,641		505,555
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)	4,900	$ (1,100)
Cedents
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle
Reinsurance balances receivable	$ 367,800		$ 337,400

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Interest Income and Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Deposit interest income	$ 0	$ 0
Deposit interest expense	(132)	(34)
Deposit interest income (expense), net	$ (132)	$ (34)

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Net Income (Loss) and Weighted Average Number of Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Numerator for earnings per share
Net income (loss) - basic	$ 5,887	$ (5,727)
Add: interest on convertible notes	776	0
Less: gain on debt repurchases	(265)	0
Net income (loss) - diluted	$ 6,398	$ (5,727)
Denominator for earnings per share
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	34,059,185	32,926,227
Effect of dilutive employee and director share-based awards (in shares)	341,263	0
Effect of settling the convertible debt in shares (in shares)	3,831,159	0
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	38,231,607	32,926,227
Earnings (loss) per Class A and Class B ordinary share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ (0.17)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.17	$ (0.17)
Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding
Denominator for earnings per share
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes and Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding (in shares)	690,337	735,627
Participating securities excluded from calculation of loss per share
Denominator for earnings per share
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes and Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding (in shares)	0	815,847
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes
Denominator for earnings per share
Shares potentially issuable in connection with convertible notes and Anti-dilutive stock options outstanding (in shares)	0	5,818,182

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INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Income (loss) from investment in related party investment fund	$ (3,138)	$ 4,077
Solasglas Investments, LP (SILP)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
LPA, investment cap percentage	60.00%
Solasglas Investments, LP (SILP) | GLRE Limited Partners
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investments, fair value	$ 196,100		$ 178,200
SILP General Partner
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment, ownership interest (as a percent)	28.40%		30.70%
Limited Partnership Agreement
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Asset redemption notice to general partner	3 days
Solasglas Investments, LP (SILP) | GLRE Limited Partners
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity method investment, ownership interest (as a percent)	71.60%		69.30%

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INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND - Financial Information of Investment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Investments, at fair value	$ 196,060	$ 178,197
Total assets	1,644,516	1,580,381
Liabilities
Other liabilities	(7,311)	(6,397)
Total liabilities	(1,134,475)	(1,077,261)
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees | Solasglas Investments, LP (SILP)
Liabilities
Net Assets	196,060	178,197
Solasglas Investments, LP (SILP) | Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees
Assets
Investments, at fair value	370,568	304,806
Derivative contracts, at fair value	15,095	17,547
Due from brokers	42,257	109,169
Interest and dividends receivable	8	527
Total assets	427,928	432,049
Liabilities
Investments sold short, at fair value	(132,658)	(159,382)
Derivative contracts, at fair value	(14,737)	(12,443)
Capital withdrawals payable	(670)	(75)
Due to brokers	(5,299)	(2,050)
Interest and dividends payable	(418)	(760)
Other liabilities	(184)	(159)
Total liabilities	(153,966)	(174,869)
Net Assets	$ 273,962	$ 257,180

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INVESTMENT IN RELATED PARTY INVESTMENT FUND - Summarized Statements of Assets, Liabilities and Net Assets of SILP (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Expenses
Total expenses	$ (149,045)	$ (138,772)
Net investment income (loss)	8,378	3,660
Realized and change in unrealized gains (losses)
Net income (loss)	5,887	(5,727)
Management fees	1,068	891
Performance allocation	0	453
Total	1,068	1,344
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees | Solasglas Investments, LP (SILP)
Realized and change in unrealized gains (losses)
Net income (loss)	(3,138)	4,077
Solasglas Investments, LP (SILP) | Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees
Investment income
Dividend income (net of withholding taxes)	627	320
Interest income	1,816	49
Total Investment income	2,443	369
Expenses
Management fee	(1,068)	(891)
Interest	(1,428)	(256)
Dividends	(419)	(382)
Professional fees and other	(282)	(264)
Total expenses	(3,197)	(1,793)
Net investment income (loss)	(754)	(1,424)
Realized and change in unrealized gains (losses)
Net realized gain (loss)	(1,760)	24,148
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation)	(1,033)	(16,792)
Net gain (loss) on investment transactions	(2,793)	7,356
Net income (loss)	$ (3,547)	$ 5,932

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Other Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Total other investments
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI
Cost	$ 30,908	$ 30,633
Unrealized gains	42,461	42,461
Unrealized losses	(2,265)	(2,815)
Fair value / carrying value	71,162	70,279
Private investments and unlisted equities
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI
Cost	22,488	22,787
Unrealized gains	42,461	42,461
Unrealized losses	(2,265)	(2,815)
Accrued interest	0
Fair value / carrying value	62,684	62,433
Debt and convertible debt securities
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI
Cost	2,420	1,846
Unrealized gains	0	0
Unrealized losses	0	0
Accrued interest	58
Fair value / carrying value	2,478	1,846
Certificates of deposit
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI
Cost	6,000	6,000
Unrealized gains	0	0
Unrealized losses	0	0
Accrued interest	0
Fair value / carrying value	$ 6,000	$ 6,000

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Nonrecurring Fair Value Disclosures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value
Upward carrying value changes	$ 42,900
Downward carrying value changes and impairment	(3,300)
Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value Disclosure, Asset and Liability, Not Measured at Fair Value
Carrying value	62,684	$ 54,312
Upward carrying value changes	0	3,827
Downward carrying value changes and impairment	$ (250)	$ 0

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Other investments	$ 71,162		$ 70,279
Realized loss	800	$ 0
Private Investments and Unlisted Equity Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Other investments	9,100		8,900
Private Investments and Unlisted Equity Securities | Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Fair value / carrying value	$ 53,600		$ 53,600

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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - Assets Measured at Fair Value On a Nonrecurring Basis (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
Fair values measured on a nonrecurring basis	$ 53,553
Less than 6 months
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
Fair values measured on a nonrecurring basis	599
6 to 12 months
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
Fair values measured on a nonrecurring basis	24,451
Over 1 year
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
Fair values measured on a nonrecurring basis	$ 28,503

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LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES - Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract]
Case reserves	$ 195,957		$ 184,756
IBNR	399,842		370,712
Total	595,799	$ 549,141	555,468	$ 524,010
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Gross balance at January 1	555,468	524,010
Less: Losses recoverable			(13,239)	$ (11,100)
Net balance at January 1	542,229	512,910
Incurred losses related to:
Current year	84,687	95,082
Prior years	12,038	2,325
Total incurred	96,725	97,407
Paid losses related to:
Current year	(5,546)	(9,903)
Prior years	(57,158)	(59,901)
Total paid	(62,704)	(69,804)
Foreign currency revaluation	2,622	(2,741)
Net balance at March 31	578,872	537,772
Add: Losses recoverable	16,927	11,369	$ 13,239
Gross balance at March 31	$ 595,799	$ 549,141

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LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Prior years	$ 12,038	$ 2,325
Reinsurance Contract [Axis]: Casualty Contracts
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Net loss reserve on prior contracts increase (decrease)	7,800
Reinsurance Contract [Axis]: Casualty Contracts and Property Contracts
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Net loss reserve on prior contracts increase (decrease)	9,800
Reinsurance Contract [Axis]: Other Line of Businesss
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Net loss reserve on prior contracts increase (decrease)	1,900
Reinsurance Contract [Axis]: Property Contracts
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Net loss reserve on prior contracts increase (decrease)	1,900
Turkey Earthquake, New Zealand Cyclone Gabrielle, U.S.Convective Storms
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Net loss reserve on prior contracts increase (decrease)	6,200
Winter Storm Elliott
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Net loss reserve on prior contracts increase (decrease)	4,100
CAT Losses
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense
Net loss reserve on prior contracts increase (decrease)	$ 10,300	$ 17,900

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RETROCESSION (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Ceded Credit Risk
Ceded premiums earned	$ 8,600	$ 1,200
Loss and loss expenses recovered and recoverable	6,200	$ 700
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable			$ 13,239	$ 11,100
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable, allowance	62		62
AM Best, A- Rating
Ceded Credit Risk
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable	4,500		3,800
Unsecured | Unrated
Ceded Credit Risk
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable	12,500		9,500
Secured | Unrated
Ceded Credit Risk
Loss and loss adjustment expenses recoverable	$ 12,200		$ 9,200

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SENIOR CONVERTIBLE NOTES (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Aug. 07, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repurchased and cancelled shares amount	$ 17,085,000	$ 0
Realized gains	265,000	0
Convertible senior notes payable	$ 62,381,000		$ 80,534,000
Senior Notes | Senior Unsecured Convertible Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Convertible debt, amount				$ 100,000,000
Debt interest rate (in percent)				4.00%
Debt conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 17.19
Effective interest rate (in percent)				6.00%
Unamortized debt issuance expense	$ 200,000		400,000
Repurchased and cancelled shares amount	17,500,000
Realized gains	300,000
Accrued interest	400,000
Convertible senior notes payable	62,400,000		80,500,000
Fair value of debt	60,300,000		$ 77,100,000
Recognized interest expense	800,000	$ 1,200,000
Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, maturity, remainder of fiscal year	$ 63,400,000

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SHARE CAPITAL - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	May 02, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount		$ 25.0
Class A
Class of Stock
Shares authorized for the company's stock incentive plan (in shares)		8,000,000
Shares available for future issuance (in shares)		1,387,727	2,011,426
Class A | Subsequent Event
Class of Stock
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount	$ 25.0

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SHARE CAPITAL - Stock by Class (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Class A
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balance – beginning of period (in shares)	28,569,346	27,589,731
Issue of ordinary shares, net of forfeitures (in shares)	438,617	876,785
Repurchase of ordinary shares (in shares)	0	0
Balance – end of period (in shares)	29,007,963	28,466,516
Class B
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Balance – beginning of period (in shares)	6,254,715	6,254,715
Issue of ordinary shares, net of forfeitures (in shares)	0	0
Repurchase of ordinary shares (in shares)	0	0
Balance – end of period (in shares)	6,254,715	6,254,715

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted Stock (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Performance Restricted Shares
Number of non-vested RSUs
Beginning balance (in shares)	794,362	193,149	193,149
Granted (in shares)	357,766		601,213
Vested (in shares)	0		0
Forfeited (in shares)	(99,428)		0
Ending balance (in shares)	1,052,700	794,362	794,362
Weighted  average grant date fair value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 7.62	$ 10.10	$ 10.10
Granted (in dollars per share)	9.85		6.82
Vested (in dollars per share)	0		0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	9.62		0
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 8.19	$ 7.62	$ 7.62
Service Restricted Shares
Number of non-vested RSUs
Beginning balance (in shares)	832,896	753,407	753,407
Granted (in shares)	152,001	248,659
Vested (in shares)	(256,243)	(122,233)
Forfeited (in shares)	(49,417)		(8,476)
Ending balance (in shares)	679,237	871,357	832,896
Weighted  average grant date fair value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 7.76	$ 8.68	$ 8.68
Granted (in dollars per share)	9.85	6.82
Vested (in dollars per share)	6.75	10.84
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	8.64		7.67
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 8.54	$ 7.86	$ 7.76

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
General and Administrative Expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense, net of forfeiture reversals	$ 1.0	$ 1.0
Employee and Director Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cliff vesting period after date of issuance	3 years
Cliff vesting percentage after date of issuance (in percent)	50.00%
Total fair value of restricted shares vested	$ 1.7	$ 1.3
Employee and Director Restricted Shares | Class A
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted shares issued pursuant to stock incentive plan (in shares)	587,462	849,872
Employee and Director Restricted Shares | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cliff vesting percentage after date of issuance (in percent)	25.00%
Employee and Director Restricted Shares | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cliff vesting percentage after date of issuance (in percent)	100.00%
Performance Restricted Shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares issued to employees RSUs (in shares)	357,766		601,213
Performance RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cliff vesting period after date of issuance	3 years
Cliff vesting percentage after date of issuance (in percent)	50.00%
Number of shares issued to employees RSUs (in shares)	71,121
Performance RSUs | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cliff vesting percentage after date of issuance (in percent)	25.00%
Performance RSUs | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cliff vesting percentage after date of issuance (in percent)	100.00%
RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cliff vesting period after date of issuance	3 years
Number of shares issued to employees RSUs (in shares)	113,932	159,215

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Restricted Stock Units (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Performance Restricted Stock Units
Number of non-vested RSUs
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	105,008
Granted (in shares) | shares	71,121
Vested (in shares) | shares	0
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	0
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	176,129
Weighted  average grant date fair value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.82
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	9.85
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.04
Service Restricted Stock Units
Number of non-vested RSUs
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	172,952
Granted (in shares) | shares	42,811
Vested (in shares) | shares	(77,695)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(1,788)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	136,280
Weighted  average grant date fair value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.58
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	9.85
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.74
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	7.82
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.76

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions			3 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2019	Sep. 01, 2018	Mar. 31, 2023
Affiliated Entity | Green Bricks Partners Inc (GRBK) | Solasglas Investments, LP (SILP)
Related Party Transaction
Common stock held (in shares)			2.7
Affiliated Entity | Green Bricks Partners Inc (GRBK)
Related Party Transaction
Ownership percentage (in percent)			37.90%
Board of Directors Chairman | Limited Partnership Agreement
Related Party Transaction
Performance compensation reduced rate (in percent)		10.00%
Performance compensation full rate (in percent)		20.00%
Performance compensation reduced rate (in percent)			10.00%
Loss carry forward recoupment required (in percent)			150.00%
Board of Directors Chairman | Investment Advisory Agreement
Related Party Transaction
Investment management fee rate - monthly (in percent)		0.125%
Investment management fee rate - annual (in percent)		1.50%
Automatic agreement extension, term (in years)		3 years
Board of Directors Chairman | Service Agreement
Related Party Transaction
Investor relations monthly fee			$ 5,000
Contract termination prior notice period (in days)			30 days
Board of Directors Chairman | Collateral Assets Investment Management Agreement
Related Party Transaction
Contract termination prior notice period (in days)	30 days

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Letters of Credit Facilities (Details) - Citibank Europe plc - Facility	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility
Maximum Facility Limit	$ 275,000,000
Notice period required for termination	120 days

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Line of Credit Facility
Aggregate amount of letters of credit issued	$ 282.3	$ 203.9
Collateral held in trust	343.2	463.7
Uncommitted Letter of Credit | Citibank Europe plc
Line of Credit Facility
Credit facility	14.0
Letter of Credit
Line of Credit Facility
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 283.1	$ 204.7

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SEGMENT REPORTING - Gross Premiums Written by Line of Business (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Gross premiums written	$ 186,455	$ 145,886
Gross premiums written (in percent)	100.00%	100.00%
Total Property
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 30,372	$ 18,535
Gross premiums written (in percent)	16.20%	12.70%
Commercial
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 14,598	$ 3,986
Gross premiums written (in percent)	7.80%	2.70%
Motor
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 232	$ 1,446
Gross premiums written (in percent)	0.10%	1.00%
Personal
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 15,542	$ 13,103
Gross premiums written (in percent)	8.30%	9.00%
Total Casualty
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 95,204	$ 78,269
Gross premiums written (in percent)	51.10%	53.70%
General Liability
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 19,516	$ 10,005
Gross premiums written (in percent)	10.50%	6.90%
Motor Liability
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 5,599	$ 5,109
Gross premiums written (in percent)	3.00%	3.50%
Professional Liability
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 3,647	$ 141
Gross premiums written (in percent)	2.00%	0.10%
Workers' Compensation
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 3,159	$ 9,920
Gross premiums written (in percent)	1.70%	6.80%
Multi-line
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 63,283	$ 53,094
Gross premiums written (in percent)	33.90%	36.40%
Total Other
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 60,879	$ 49,082
Gross premiums written (in percent)	32.70%	33.60%
Accident & Health
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 2,476	$ 1,894
Gross premiums written (in percent)	1.30%	1.30%
Financial
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 22,538	$ 21,036
Gross premiums written (in percent)	12.10%	14.40%
Marine
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 8,568	$ 8,399
Gross premiums written (in percent)	4.60%	5.70%
Other Specialty
Segment Reporting Information
Gross premiums written	$ 27,297	$ 17,753
Gross premiums written (in percent)	14.70%	12.20%

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SEGMENT REPORTING - Gross Premiums Written by Geographic Area of Risks Insured (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenue from External Customer
Gross premiums written	$ 186,455	$ 145,886
Gross premiums written (in percent)	100.00%	100.00%
U.S. and Caribbean
Revenue from External Customer
Gross premiums written	$ 69,852	$ 76,037
Gross premiums written (in percent)	37.50%	52.10%
Worldwide
Revenue from External Customer
Gross premiums written	$ 106,262	$ 66,271
Gross premiums written (in percent)	57.00%	45.40%
Europe
Revenue from External Customer
Gross premiums written	$ 3,427	$ 2,874
Gross premiums written (in percent)	1.80%	2.00%
Asia
Revenue from External Customer
Gross premiums written	$ 6,914	$ 704
Gross premiums written (in percent)	3.70%	0.50%

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Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 [Member]
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdateExtensibleList	Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 [Member]