FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Investments

Other Investments

“Other investments” include unlisted securities and investments accounted for under the equity method.

At September 30, 2020, the following securities were included in the caption “Other investments”:


September 30, 2020	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Fair value / carrying value
	($ in thousands)
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	11,364	$	5,373	$	(1,067)	$	15,670
Investment accounted for under the equity method	—		—		—		6,571
Total other investments							$	22,241

At December 31, 2019, the following securities were included in the caption “Other investments”:


December 31, 2019	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Fair value / carrying value
	($ in thousands)
Private investments and unlisted equities	$	10,420	$	265	$	(4)	$	10,681
Investment accounted for under the equity method	—		—		—		5,703
Total other investments							$	16,384

Private investments and unlisted equities include securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. The carrying values of these holdings are determined based on their original cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. At September 30, 2020, the carrying value of private investments and unlisted equities was $15.7 million (December 31, 2019: $10.7 million), and incorporated upward adjustments of $0.0 million and $4.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively (2019: $0.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively), excluding any unrealized gains or losses related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

The Company’s investment accounted for under the equity method represents its investment in AccuRisk Holdings LLC (“AccuRisk”), a Chicago, Illinois-based managing general underwriter focused on employee and health insurance benefits. At September 30, 2020, the Company held a 58% (December 31, 2019: 58%) economic interest in AccuRisk and had provided a $6.0 million credit facility. In addition to providing capital and funding in support of AccuRisk’s expansion plans, the Company also provides reinsurance capacity for business produced by AccuRisk. The Company has determined that AccuRisk is a VIE, of which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company’s carrying value represents its ownership share of AccuRisk’s net assets. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss relating to AccuRisk is limited to the carrying amount of its investment, plus the credit facility extended. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s share of AccuRisk’s net income was $0.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively (2019: $(0.2) million and $0.3 million, respectively), which was included in the caption “Net investment income” in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received in an asset sale or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between unaffiliated market participants. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized based on whether the inputs are observable in the market and the degree that the inputs are observable. The categorization of financial instruments within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is prioritized into three levels (with Level 3 being the lowest) defined as follows:


•			Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.
•			Level 2: Observable inputs other than prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated with observable market data.
•			Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not carry any investments at fair value that were assigned a Level within the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s investment in the related party investment fund is measured at

fair value using the net asset value practical expedient, and is therefore not classified within the fair value hierarchy. (See Note 3 for further details.)

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, at Fair Value

The captions “Notes receivable (net of allowance for expected credit loss)” and “Convertible senior notes payable” represent financial instruments that are carried at amortized cost. The carrying values of the notes receivable (net of allowance for expected credit loss) approximate their fair values, which the Company has determined on the basis of Level 3 inputs. The fair value of the convertible senior notes payable is estimated based on the bid price observed in an inactive market for the identical instrument (Level 2 input) (see Note 7).