8. Treasury Stock and Share Based Awards

Treasury Stock — Treasury stock represents shares of common stock repurchased or withheld by the Company and not yet retired. The Company has applied the cost method in recording its treasury shares. Below is a summary of the Company’s treasury stock activity for the six months ended June 30, 2016:


	Number of Treasury Shares		Cost
Balance at January 1, 2016		4,183,504	$	66,577
Restricted stock withholdings ⁽¹⁾		205,860		6,802
Restricted stock forfeitures		31,243		—

Balance at June 30, 2016		4,420,607	$	73,379

⁽¹⁾

The Company withheld restricted shares as a result of the election by certain employees to satisfy their tax liabilities upon vesting in restricted stock and restricted stock units. The Company determined the number of shares to be withheld based upon market values ranging from $29.17 to $35.83 per share.

As of June 30, 2016, the Company had no plans to retire any shares of treasury stock.

Restricted Stock – During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company granted 322,700 shares of restricted stock to employees and directors of the Company. The fair value of the restricted stock granted was determined based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the dates of grant, which ranged from $29.83 to $36.46 per share. The Company assumed forfeiture rates ranging from 0% to 10% for the restricted stock awards. Restricted stock granted to employees vests over service periods that range from approximately one month to four years. Restricted stock granted to the Company’s directors vests over a one-year service period. The recipients of restricted stock are entitled to receive dividends and to vote their respective shares, however, the sale and transfer of the restricted shares is prohibited during the restriction period.

Below is a summary of restricted stock activity for the six months ended June 30, 2016:


	Shares of Restricted Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		757,775		$	30.73
Granted		322,700		$	30.90
Vested		(423,772	)	$	26.46
Forfeited		(31,243	)	$	33.02

Outstanding at June 30, 2016		625,460		$	33.59

Unvested restricted stock at June 30, 2016		625,460		$	33.59


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015
Compensation expense recognized during the period	$	4,708	$	4,736
Fair value of restricted shares that vested during the period	$	14,423	$	14,308
Income tax deduction upon vesting of restricted stock awards	$	5,454	$	3,788

As of June 30, 2016, the estimated remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock awards was $16,244 and the weighted average period over which this remaining compensation expense will be recognized is approximately 3 years.

Restricted Stock Units – During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company granted restricted stock units representing 253,661 hypothetical shares of common stock to employees. The restricted stock units vest based on a combination of financial performance factors and continued service. The financial performance factors are based on an implied equity value concept that determines an internal rate of return (“IRR”) during the two fiscal year periods ending December 31, 2017 based on a formula utilizing a multiple of Adjusted EBITDA subject to certain specified adjustments as specified by the Compensation Committee prior to the grant date. The financial performance factors for the restricted stock units have a threshold, target and maximum level of payment opportunity and vest on a pro-rata basis according to the IRR achieved by the Company during the performance period. If the IRR for the two-year period is at least 6.0%, which is the threshold, one-third of the maximum restricted stock units vest. If the IRR for the two-year period is at least 8.0%, which is the target, two-thirds of the maximum restricted stock units vest. If the IRR for the two-year period is at least 10.0%, which is the maximum, 100% of the maximum restricted stock units vest. Grantees are eligible to receive a ratable portion of the common stock issuable if the IRR is within the targets previously noted. Further, as an example, if the Company achieves an IRR equal to 9.0%, the number of restricted stock units that shall vest will be greater than the target but less than the maximum number that would have vested had the Company achieved the highest IRR. In accordance with their respective employment agreements, the awards granted to the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and former President and Chief Operating Officer will vest upon the certification of the IRR for the 2016 award by the Compensation Committee. All other restricted stock units granted during 2016 will vest subject to an additional two-year service requirement and will be paid in the form of common stock if the participant continues to provide services through February 2020, which is the fourth anniversary of the grant date. Restricted stock unit award participants are eligible to receive dividend equivalent payments from the grant date if, and at the time that, the restricted stock unit awards vest.

Below is a table summarizing the potential number of shares that could vest under restricted stock unit awards granted during the six months ended June 30, 2016 at each of the three target levels of financial performance (excluding forfeiture assumptions):


	Number of Shares Vesting		Value at Grant
at IRR of at least 6.0%		84,554	$	2,522
at IRR of at least 8.0%		169,107	$	5,044
at IRR of at least 10.0%		253,661	$	7,568

Due to the fact that the IRR for the two-year performance period could not be determined at the time of the 2016 grant, the Company estimated that the most likely outcome is the achievement of the target IRR level. The fair value of the restricted stock unit awards was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, which was $29.83 per share. The Company assumed forfeiture rates ranging from 0% to 10% for the restricted stock unit awards. If during the service period, additional information becomes available to lead the Company to believe a different IRR level will be achieved for the two-year performance period, the Company will reassess the number of units that will vest for the grant and adjust its compensation expense accordingly on a prospective basis over the remaining service period.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015
Number of restricted stock unit awards that vested during the period		213,984		123,769
Fair value of restricted stock unit awards that vested during the period	$	7,260	$	5,483
Accumulated dividends paid upon vesting of restricted stock unit awards	$	662	$	442
Income tax benefit recognized upon vesting of restricted stock unit awards	$	3,049	$	2,303
Compensation expense recognized during the period	$	2,952	$	1,739

As of June 30, 2016, the estimated remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding restricted stock unit awards was $7,759. The weighted average period over which this remaining compensation expense will be recognized is approximately 2 years. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had restricted stock units outstanding that represented a total of 418,879 hypothetical shares of common stock, net of actual cumulative forfeitures of 20,686 units, assuming the maximum IRR level is achieved for all grants outstanding.

Effective March 4, 2016, the Company’s former President and Chief Operating Officer resigned with good reason as defined within his employment agreement. As a result, certain of his restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards vested upon his resignation. The accelerated vesting of these awards were considered a modification of such awards, therefore the Company revalued the vested awards at their fair value upon modification. The revaluation of these awards resulted in incremental share based award compensation expense of approximately $994 for the six months ended June 30, 2016.