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Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Derivatives

Our primary market exposure is to interest rate risk, specifically U.S. treasury and mortgage interest rates, due to their impact on mortgage-related assets and commitments. We use forward sales

commitments on whole loans and mortgage-backed securities to manage and reduce this risk. We do not have any derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments.

Forward Sales Commitments—We are exposed to interest rate and price risk on loans held for sale from the funding date until the date the loan is sold. Forward sales commitments on whole loans and mortgage-backed securities are used to fix the forward sales price that will be realized at the sale of each loan.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments—IRLCs represent an agreement to extend credit to a mortgage loan applicant. We commit (subject to loan approval) to fund the loan at the specified rate, regardless of changes in market interest rates between the commitment date and the funding date. Outstanding IRLCs are subject to interest rate risk and related price risk during the period from the date of commitment through the loan funding date or expiration date. Loan commitments generally range between 30 and 90 days and the borrower is not obligated to obtain the loan. Therefore, IRLCs are subject to fallout risk, which occurs when approved borrowers choose not to close on the underlying loans. We review our commitment-to-closing ratio ("pull-through rate") as part of an estimate of the number of mortgage loans that will fund according to the IRLCs.


	December 31,
Notional Amounts	2020		2019
Forward sales commitments	$	130,109	$	39,447
IRLCs	88,923		37,453

The locations and amounts of gains (losses) recognized in income related to our derivatives are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,
Instrument	Classification	2020		2019		2018
Forward sales commitments	Service revenue	$	(184)	$	96	$	(141)
IRLCs	Service revenue	1,342		176		254

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

A summary of assets and liabilities related to our financial instruments, measured at fair value on a recurring basis and as reflected in our consolidated balance sheets, is set forth below:


	Balance at December 31, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	886,261	$	886,261	$	—	$	—
U.S. treasury securities	6,100		6,100		—		—
Total cash equivalents	892,361		892,361		—		—
Short-term investments
U.S. treasury securities	131,561		131,561		—		—
Loans held for sale	42,539		—		42,539		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Forward sales commitments	34		—		34		—
IRLCs	1,781		—		—		1,781
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,815		—		34		1,781
Long-term investments
Agency bonds	11,922		11,922		—		—
Total assets	$	1,080,198	$	1,035,844	$	42,573	$	1,781
Liabilities
Accrued liabilities
Forward sales commitments	$	507	$	—	$	507	$	—
IRLCs	10		—		—		10
Total liabilities	$	517	$	—	$	507	$	10


	Balance at December 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	221,442	$	221,442	$	—	$	—

Short-term investments
U.S. treasury securities	70,029		70,029		—		—
Loans held for sale	21,985		—		21,985		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Forward sales commitments	4		—		4		—
IRLCs	496		—		—		496
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	500		—		4		496
Long-term investments
U.S. treasury securities	30,978		30,978		—		—
Total assets	$	344,934	$	322,449	$	21,989	$	496
Liabilities
Accrued liabilities
Forward sales commitments	$	57	$	—	$	57	$	—
IRLCs	58		—		—		58
Total liabilities	$	115	$	—	$	57	$	58

There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 financial instruments during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of IRLCs is the pull-through rate. Significant changes in the input could result in a significant change in fair value measurement.

The following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of IRLCs:

Key Inputs

Valuation Technique

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Weighted-average pull-through rate

Market pricing

72.3%

78.2%

The following is a summary of changes in the fair value of IRLCs for the period ended December 31, 2020:


Balance, net—January 1, 2020	$	438
Issuances of IRLCs	18,090
Settlements of IRLCs	(16,986)
Net gain recognized in earnings	229
Balance, net—December 31, 2020	$	1,771

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our 2023 notes and our 2025 notes that are not recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets:


	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Issuance	Net Carrying Amount	Estimated Fair Value	Net Carrying Amount	Estimated Fair Value
2023 notes	$22,482	$59,894	$119,716	$142,672
2025 notes	$488,268	$802,083	$—	$—

The difference between the principal amount and unsettled conversions of our 2023 notes and our 2025 notes, which were $25,626 and $661,250, respectively, and the net carrying amounts of the notes represents the unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs (see Note 15 for additional details). The estimated fair value of each tranche of convertible senior notes is based on the closing trading price of the notes on the last day of trading for the period, and is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy, due to the limited trading activity of the notes. As of December 31, 2020, the difference between the net carrying amount of the notes and their estimated fair values represented the equity conversion value premium the market assigned to the notes. Based on the closing price of our common stock of $68.63 on December 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 2023 notes exceeded the principal amount of $25,626, while the if-converted value of the 2025 notes was less than the principal amount of $661,250. Refer to Note 15 for additional details on the convertible senior notes.

See Note 11 for the carrying amount of our convertible preferred stock.

Assets and liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include items such as property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, cost method investments, and other assets. These assets are measured at fair value if determined to be impaired. During the year ended December 31, 2020 we determined that the fair value of one of our cost method investments in a privately-held company was less than the carrying value of $2,000 based on a variety of impairment indicators, including the historical performance and future prospects of the company; therefore, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $1,919 related to this investment during the year ended December 31, 2020. The impairment charge is included in Impairment costs within our consolidated statement of cash flows and is included in Other income (expense), net within our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. We did not record any other significant nonrecurring fair value measurements after initial recognition for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 or 2018.

The cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair market value of our cash, money market funds, restricted cash, and available-for-sale investments were as follows:


	December 31, 2020
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash		Short-term Investments		Long-term Investments
Cash	$	32,915	$	—	$	—	$	32,915	$	32,915	$	—	$	—
Money markets funds	886,261		—		—		886,261		886,261		—		—
Restricted cash	20,544		—		—		20,544		20,544		—		—
U.S. treasury securities	137,502		159		—		137,661		6,100		131,561		—
Agency bonds	11,900		22		—		11,922		—		—		11,922
Total	$	1,089,122	$	181	$	—	$	1,089,303	$	945,820	$	131,561	$	11,922


	December 31, 2019
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash		Short-term Investments		Long-term Investments
Cash	$	13,237	$	—	$	—	$	13,237	$	13,237	$	—	$	—
Money markets funds	221,442		—		—		221,442		221,442		—		—
Restricted cash	12,769		—		—		12,769		12,769		—		—
U.S. treasury securities	100,998		31		(22)		101,007		—		70,029		30,978
Total	$	348,446	$	31	$	(22)	$	348,455	$	247,448	$	70,029	$	30,978

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the aggregate fair value of available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position totaled $0 and $46,550, with aggregate unrealized losses of $0 and $22, respectively. We have evaluated our portfolio of available-for-sale debt securities based on credit quality indicators for expected credit losses and do not believe there are any expected credit losses. Our portfolio consists of U.S. government securities, all with a high quality credit rating issued by various credit agencies.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had accrued interest of $108 and $183, respectively, on our available-for-sale investments, of which we have recorded no expected credit losses. Accrued interest receivable is presented within other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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