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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements were translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements present the historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the operating companies. 

Going Concern

The Company had accumulated deficit of $16.18 million as of March 31, 2014 although the Company incurred net income of $0.45 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014. In addition, the Company had promissory notes of $10 million and $50,000 that are past due. Through a new Line of Credit Agreement entered with the same lender on August 17, 2013, the default promissory note of $10 million became payable upon Note-holder’s request (See Note 11).  As of March 31, 2014, the Company had an outstanding balance of $0.65 million including accrued interest under this credit line and $453,992 under short term payable currently in default. The Company has been unable to raise funds from the U.S. markets to pay off these obligations. During the quarter ended March 31, 2014, the Company’s shareholder who is also the CEO of the Company lent $$929,679 for Company’s operating needs (See Note 17). These conditions raise a substantial doubt as to whether the Company may continue as a going concern. The Company is seeking to obtain additional financing from local banks in the PRC.  The Company will also seek to improve its cash flows from operations by implementing cost control measures and reducing inventory purchases.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CleanTech and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Creative Bellows and Creative Wind Power. All intercompany transactions and account balances were eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the recoverability of long-lived assets and the valuation of inventories. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Equivalents

Cash and equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less as of this purchase date

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of a percentage of sales deposited by the Company into its bank accounts according to contract terms, which serves as a contract execution and product delivery guarantee. The restriction is released upon customer acceptance of the product.

Accounts and Retentions Receivable

The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. Past due receivables are determined based on contractual payment terms specified in the contract. Based on its historical collection activity, the Company had allowances for bad debts of $3,776,839 and $4,523,084 at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had gross retentions receivable for product quality assurance of $2,212,251 and $2,746,082, respectively. The retention generally is 10% of the sales price with a one-year term, but no later than the termination of the warranty period. The Company had allowances for retentions receivable of $1,679,648 and $1,694,855 at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

Inventories

The Company’s inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined on a weighted average basis. The Company compares the cost of inventories with market value and an allowance is made to write down the inventories to their market value, if lower.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method for substantially all assets with 5% salvage value and estimated lives as follows:

Buildings
40
   
Years
Machinery
5
-
15 
Years
Vehicles
5
   
Years
Office equipment
5
   
Years
Testing equipment
10
   
Years

Land Use Rights

Right to use land is stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided using the straight-line method over 50 years.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue recognition policies are in compliance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104 (codified in FASB ASC Topic 605). Sales revenue, including the final 10% of the purchase price, is recognized after delivery is complete, customer acceptance of the product occurs and collectability is reasonably assured. Customer acceptance occurs after the customer puts the product through a quality inspection, which normally is completed within one to two weeks from customer receipt of the product. In case of sales contracts with FOB shipping terms, the customer is responsible for cost of freight and insurance and revenue is recognized when products are delivered to the carrier. In case of sales contracts with FOB destination terms, the Company is responsible for the cost of freight and insurance and revenue is recognized when customer acceptance is received. The customer is responsible for installation and integration of our component products into its end products. Payments received before satisfaction of all relevant criteria for revenue recognition are recorded as unearned revenue or advances from customers. Unearned revenue or advances from customers consists of payments received from customers prior to customer acceptance of the product.

The Company’s standard payment terms with its wind tower customers generally provide that 10% of the purchase price is due upon the Company’s deposit of restricted cash into a bank account as a contract guarantee, 20% upon the Company’s purchase of raw material for the order, 10% upon delivery of the base ring component of the wind towers, 30% upon delivery of the wind tower tube sections and 20% upon customer inspection and acceptance of the product, which customers normally complete within 1-2 weeks after delivery. As a common practice in the manufacturing business in PRC, payment of the final 10% of the purchase price is due no later than the termination date of the product warranty, which can be up to 12 months from the customer acceptance date. The final 10% of the purchase price (retentions receivable) is recognized as revenue upon customer acceptance of the product. For the Company’s bellows expansion joints and pressure vessels, payment terms are negotiated on a case-by-case basis and these payment percentages and terms may differ for each customer.

Sales revenue is the invoiced value of goods, net of value-added tax (“VAT”). The Company’s products sold and services provided in China are subject to VAT of 17% of the sales price. This VAT may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing the finished product. The Company recorded VAT payable and VAT receivable net of payments in the financial statements. The VAT tax return is filed offsetting the payables against the receivables.

Warranties

The Company offers a product warranty to its customers of up to 12 months depending on the terms negotiated with each customer. During the warranty period, the Company will repair or replace defective products free of charge. The Company commenced production in 2009 and as of March 31, 2014, the Company accrued $8,134 in warranty expense. The Company implemented internal manufacturing protocols designed to ensure product quality beginning from the receipt of raw materials to the final inspection at the time products are shipped. The Company monitors warranty claims and accrues for warranty expense accordingly, using ASC Topic 450 to account for its standard warranty.

The Company provides  warranty to all customers and does not consider it an additional service; rather, the warranty is considered an integral part of the product’s sale. There is no general right of return indicated in the contracts or purchase orders. If a product under warranty is defective or malfunctions, the Company is responsible for fixing it or replacing it with a new product. The Company’s products are its only deliverables.

The Company’s warranty reserve activity for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows:

   
2014
   
2013
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
8,188
   
$
9,790
 
Foreign currency translation loss
   
(54
) 
   
(1,602
) 
Actual costs incurred
           
-
 
Ending balance (accrued expense)
 
$
8,134
   
$
8,188
 

After the warranty period, the Company charges for after-sales services on its products. Such revenue is recognized when the service is provided. For the three months ended March 31, 2014 and years ended December 31, 2013, the Company had no after-sales services income.  The warranty reserve is included in accrued expense (Note 10).

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold (“COGS”) consists primarily of material, labor and related overhead, which are attributable to the products, and other indirect costs that benefit all products. Write-down of inventory to lower of cost or market is also recorded in COGS.

Research and Development

Research and development (“R&D”) costs are related primarily to the Company’s development and testing of its new technologies used to manufacture its bellows-related products. R&D costs are expensed as incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, R&D was $31,377 and $46,513, respectively, and was included in general and administrative expenses.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs for delivery of finished goods are included in selling expenses. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, shipping and handling costs were $17,678 and $25,922, respectively.

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share (“EPS”)

Basic EPS is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similar to basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all the potential common shares, warrants and stock options had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted EPS are based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options and warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method for the outstanding options and warrants, and the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible preferred shares. Under the treasury stock method, options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later), and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Under the if-converted method, convertible outstanding instruments are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later).

The warrants and options to purchase up to 1,987,500 and 2,821,310 shares of common stock were anti-dilutive during the three months  ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts and other receivables and advances to suppliers. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of its clients’ financial condition and customer payment practices to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable. 

Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in bank accounts maintained within China.  Cash balances at financial institutions within China are not covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC, as well as by the general state of the PRC economy.

Statement of Cash Flows

In accordance with SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows,” codified in FASB ASC Topic 230, cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon local currencies. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statement of cash flows may not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheet.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment, an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123” (codified in FASB ASC Topics 718 and 505). The Company recognizes in the income statement the grant-date fair value (“FV”) of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in USD. The Company’s functional currency is RMB, which is translated into USD for balance sheet accounts using the current exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using the average exchange rate during the period. The translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, captioned accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are included in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

The RMB to USD exchange rates in effect as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, were $1 = RMB 6.1521 and $1 = RMB 6.0969, respectively. The average RMB to USD exchange rates in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, were $1 = RMB 6.1180 and $1 = RMB 6.2785, respectively. The exchange rates used in translation from RMB to USD were published by the People’s Bank of China.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company uses SFAS No. 130 “Reporting Comprehensive Income” (codified in FASB ASC Topic 220). Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. Comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 included net income (loss) and foreign currency translation adjustments.

Segment Reporting

SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” (codified in FASB ASC Topic 280), requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.

Management determined the Company’s product lines – wind towers, bellows expansion joints and pressure vessels – constitute a single reportable segment under ASC 280. The Company operates exclusively in one business: the design and manufacture of highly engineered metal components for heavy industry. The manufacturing processes for each of the Company’s products, principally the rolling and welding of raw steel materials, make uses of the same pool of production workers and engineering talent for design, fabrication, assembly and testing. The Company’s products are characterized and marketed by their ability to withstand temperature, pressure, structural load and other environmental factors. The Company’s products are used by major electrical utilities and large-scale industrial companies in China specializing in heavy industry, and the Company’s sales force sells its products directly to these companies, which utilize the Company’s components in their finished products. All of the Company’s long-lived assets for production are located in its facilities in Tieling, Liaoning Province, China, and operate within the same environmental, safety and quality regulations governing industrial component manufacturing companies. The Company established its subsidiary, Creative Wind Power, solely to market and sell the Company’s wind towers, which constitute the structural support cylinder for an industrial wind turbine installation. Management believes that the economic characteristics of the Company’s product lines, specifically costs and gross margin, will be similar as production increases and labor continues to be shared across products.

As a result, management views the Company’s business and operations for all product lines as a blended gross margin when determining future growth, return on investment and cash flows. Accordingly, management concluded the Company had one reportable segment under ASC 280 because: (i) all of the Company’s products are created with similar production processes, in the same facilities, under the same regulatory environment and sold to similar customers using similar distribution systems; and (ii) gross margins of all product lines have been converging and should continue to converge.

Following is a summary of sales by products for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:

   
2014
   
2013
 
             
Bellows expansion joints and related
 
$
260,202
   
$
130,301
 
Pressure vessels (heat exchanger)
   
239,963
     
-
 
Other – high temperature compensators
   
61,050
     
122,518
 
Forging products
   
1,366,378
     
-
 
 Total
 
$
1,927,593
   
$
252,819
 

New Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2014, FASB issued, Accounting Standards Update 2014-01, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects. The objective of this Update is to provide guidance on accounting for investments by a reporting entity in flow-through limited liability entities that manage or invest in affordable housing projects that qualify for the low-income housing tax credit. The amendments in this Update permit reporting entities to make an accounting policy election to account for their investments in qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. The amendments in this Update should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. A reporting entity that uses the effective yield method to account for its investments in qualified affordable housing projects before the date of adoption may continue to apply the effective yield method for those preexisting investments. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for annual periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014.  The adoption of this ASU will not affect the Company’s financial statements.

In January 2014, FASB issued, Accounting Standards Update 2014-05, Service Concession Arrangements (Topic 853), The objective of this Update is to specify that an operating entity should not account for a service concession arrangement within the scope of this Update as a lease in accordance with Topic 840, Leases. Service concession arrangements may become more prevalent in the United States as public-sector entities seek alternative ways to provide public services on a more efficient and cost-effective basis. The amendments apply to an operating entity of a service concession arrangement entered into with a public-sector entity grantor when the arrangement meets certain conditions. The amendments in this Update should be applied on a modified retrospective basis to service concession arrangements that exist at the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year of adoption. The modified retrospective approach requires the cumulative effect of applying this Update to arrangements existing at the beginning of the period of adoption to be recognized as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance for the annual period of adoption. The amendments are effective for a public business entity for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of this ASU will not affect the Company’s financial statements.