-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, JXEegpMkC1BI9+QznuLnt3qKQCOkVNkJw7GjXDVWdYV7QhhzseQmBq1uhFNNajju A28X0ykdLuCBvvLnikisgg== 0001047469-06-014485.txt : 20061127 0001047469-06-014485.hdr.sgml : 20061127 20061127092134 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001047469-06-014485 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: S-1 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 16 FILED AS OF DATE: 20061127 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001381197 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: S-1 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-138955 FILM NUMBER: 061238398 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE PICKWICK PLAZA CITY: GREENWICH STATE: CT ZIP: 06830 BUSINESS PHONE: 203-618-5800 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE PICKWICK PLAZA CITY: GREENWICH STATE: CT ZIP: 06830 S-1 1 a2174744zs-1.htm FORM S-1
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 27, 2006.

Registration No. 333-



SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933


INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE
(
State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation or Organization
)
  6211
(
Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number
)
  30-0390693
(
I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

ONE PICKWICK PLAZA
GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 06830
(203) 618-5800

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)

THOMAS PETERFFY
CHAIRMAN, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRESIDENT
ONE PICKWICK PLAZA
GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 06830
(203) 618-5800

(Name, address including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)



Copies to:
ADAM M. FOX, ESQ.
DECHERT LLP
30 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10112
(212) 698-3500
  GREGORY A. FERNICOLA, ESQ.
SKADDEN, ARPS, SLATE, MEAGHER & FLOM LLP
FOUR TIMES SQUARE
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036
(212) 735-3000

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.


               If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.    o

               If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

               If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

               If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o


CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE


Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered

  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price(1)

  Amount of
Registration Fee(1)


Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share   $500,000,000   $53,500

(1)
Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee.

               The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.




SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 27, 2006

Shares of Class A Common Stock

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

GRAPHIC

Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.



This is our initial public offering of Class A common stock, which we refer to as common stock, and no public market currently exists for our shares. We are offering             shares of common stock. We expect that the public offering price will be between $                                 and $             per share.

 

 

Immediately following this offering, the holders of our common stock will own more than 99.999% of our outstanding capital stock, which consists of common stock and Class B common stock. We will be a holding company and our primary asset will be approximately 5% of the equity interests in IBG LLC. Our only business following this offering will be to act as the sole managing member of IBG LLC and, as such, we will operate and control all of the business and affairs of IBG LLC and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

 

 

We will use the net proceeds of this offering to purchase membership interests in IBG LLC from its members. Immediately following this offering, IBG Holdings LLC, which is currently controlled by Thomas Peterffy, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, and his affiliates, will beneficially own approximately 95% of the equity interests in IBG LLC.

 

 

Each share of common stock will entitle its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally. Holders of our Class B common stock generally will have rights identical to holders of our common stock, except that each share of Class B common stock will entitle its holder to a greater number of votes per share on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally. Following this offering, shares of our Class B common stock, all of which will be owned by IBG Holdings LLC, will represent less than 0.001% of our outstanding capital stock but approximately    % of the combined voting power of all shares of our voting stock. As a result, IBG Holdings LLC will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of our directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, and over our dividend policy and access to capital.

 

 

THE OFFERING

 

 

PER SHARE

 

 

TOTAL

 

 

   

Public Offering Price

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

 

Placement Agency Fee

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

 

Proceeds to Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

 


OpenIPO® and Best Efforts Offering: The method of distribution being used by the placement agents in this offering differs somewhat from that traditionally employed in firm commitment underwritten public offerings. In particular, the public offering price and allocation of shares will be determined primarily by an auction process conducted by the placement agents and other securities dealers participating in this offering. In addition, the placement agents are not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares of common stock but have agreed to use their best efforts to procure potential purchasers for the shares of common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus. A more detailed description of the OpenIPO process and the best efforts offering is included in the "Plan of Distribution" section of this prospectus beginning on page 142.


 


 


The placement agents expect to deliver shares of common stock to purchasers on                        , 2006.
Proposed NASDAQ Global Select Market Symbol: IBKR

      This offering involves substantial risk. You should purchase shares only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 18.


Neither the Securities Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

GRAPHIC   GRAPHIC

The date of this prospectus is                             , 2006



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus Summary   1
Risk Factors   18
Forward-Looking Statements   34
The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure   35
Use of Proceeds   40
Dividend Policy   41
Capitalization   42
Dilution   43
Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data   44
Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data   49
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   51
Business   82
Management   119
Principal Stockholders   125
Related Party Transactions   126
Description of Capital Stock   130
Description of Indebtedness   135
Shares Eligible for Future Sale   137
Material United States Federal Tax Consequences to Non-United States Holders   139
Plan of Distribution   142
Legal Matters   153
Experts   153
Where You Can Find More Information   153
Index to Financial Statements   F-1

              You should rely only on the information contained in this document or to which we have referred you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. This document may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. The information in this document may only be accurate as of the date of this document.

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INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

              This is the initial public offering of Class A common stock of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc., which will be the holding company for the public's ownership in IBG LLC, as defined below. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms:

      "We," "us," "our" and similar terms, as well as references to "IBG" and the "Company," refer to Interactive Brokers Group, Inc., a newly formed Delaware corporation and, as applicable, our consolidated subsidiaries (including IBG LLC) after giving effect to the recapitalization transactions to be completed prior to the consummation of this offering as described in this summary under the heading "Recapitalization and Organizational Structure" and as described elsewhere in this prospectus in the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure."

      "IBG LLC" refers to IBG LLC (formerly known as Interactive Brokers Group LLC), a Connecticut limited liability company that is the current holding company for our businesses and in which IBG will acquire a controlling interest upon completion of this offering by becoming managing member.

      "Common stock" refers to the Class A common stock of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.

              Unless we state otherwise, the information in this prospectus gives effect to the recapitalization transactions described elsewhere in this prospectus in the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure." Some of the statements in this summary are forward-looking statements. For more information, see the section entitled "Forward-Looking Statements."


              Industry and market data used throughout this prospectus were obtained through our research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and industry and general publications. We have not independently verified market and industry data from third-party sources. While we believe internal company surveys are reliable and market definitions are appropriate, neither these surveys nor these definitions have been verified by any independent sources.

ii



PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

              The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and is qualified in its entirety by more detailed information and consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read this prospectus carefully, including the section entitled "Risk Factors" and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our Business

              We are an automated global electronic market maker and broker specializing in routing orders and executing and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments as a member of more than 60 electronic exchanges and trading venues around the world. Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions. The advent of electronic exchanges in the last 16 years has provided us with the opportunity to integrate our software with an increasing number of exchanges and trading venues into one automatically functioning, computerized platform that requires minimal human intervention.

              Our high degree of automation enables us to process approximately 500,000 trades per day with approximately 500 employees. During 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we generated pretax income in each period at a rate of more than $1 million per employee. Publicly available data regarding other companies in the securities and commodities industry indicate that this level of productivity is unparalleled for our industry. Automation has allowed us to become one of the lowest cost providers of broker-dealer services and to increase significantly the volume of trades we handle. According to data compiled by the Futures Industry Association (FIA) based on data received from exchanges worldwide, during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we accounted for approximately 16.0% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded worldwide and approximately 18.8% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded on those markets in which we actively trade. We were the number one or number two liquidity provider on each of the three largest U.S. options exchanges (the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the International Securities Exchange and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange) during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, according to rankings provided by these exchanges. We serve sophisticated and active customers worldwide, including institutional investors, financial advisors, brokers and individuals.

              As a market maker, we provide continuous bid and offer quotations on approximately 324,000 securities and futures products listed on electronic exchanges around the world. Our quotes are driven by proprietary mathematical models that assimilate market data and reevaluate our outstanding quotes each second. Unlike firms that trade over-the-counter (OTC) derivative products, it is our business to create liquidity and transparency on electronic exchanges. Our profits have been principally a function of transaction volume on electronic exchanges rather than volatility or the direction of price movements.

              As a direct market access broker, we serve the customers of both traditional brokers and prime brokers. We provide our customers with an advanced order management, trade execution and portfolio management platform at a very low cost. Our customers can simultaneously access different financial markets worldwide and trade across multiple asset classes (stocks, options, futures, foreign exchange (forex) and bonds) denominated in ten different currencies, on one screen, from a single account based in any major currency. Our large bank and broker-dealer customers may "white label" our trading interface (i.e., make our trading interface available to their customers without referencing our name), or can select from among our modular functionalities, such as order routing, trade reporting or clearing, on specific products or exchanges where they may not have up-to-date technology, in order to offer to their customers a complete global range of services and products. Our most successful module is the dynamic IB SmartRoutingSM process. The result of several years of software development, this process manages

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orders among several stock and the six U.S. options exchanges by providing efficient executions for customers and enables brokers to meet their best execution regulatory requirements.

              During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our customers transacted an average of approximately 196,000 daily average revenue trades, which is a measurement of revenue-generating trades and referred to as DARTs.

              Our proprietary technology is the key to our success. We built our business on the belief that a fully computerized market making system that could integrate pricing and risk exposure information quickly and continuously would enable us to make markets profitably in many different financial instruments simultaneously. We believe that integrating our system with electronic exchanges and market centers results in transparency, liquidity and efficiencies of scale. Together with the IB SmartRoutingSM system and our low commissions, this reduces overall transaction costs to our customers and, in turn, increases our transaction volume and profits. Over the past 29 years, we have developed an integrated trading system and communications network and have positioned our company as an efficient conduit for the global flow of risk capital across asset and product classes on electronic exchanges around the world, permitting us to have one of the lowest cost structures in the industry. We believe that developing, maintaining and continuing to enhance our proprietary technology provides us and our customers with the competitive advantage of being able to adapt quickly to the changing environment of our industry and to take advantage of opportunities presented by new exchanges, products or regulatory changes before our competitors.

              Our electronic market making and brokerage businesses are complementary. Both benefit from our combined scale and volume, as well as from our proprietary technology. Our brokerage customers benefit from the technology and market structure expertise developed in our market making business. The expense of developing and maintaining our unique technology, clearing, settlement, banking and regulatory structure required by any specific exchange or market center is shared by both of our businesses. This, in turn, enables us to provide lower transaction costs to our customers than our competitors, whether they use our services as market maker, broker or both. In addition, we believe we gain a competitive advantage by applying the software features we have developed for a specific product or market to newly-introduced products and markets over others who may have less automated facilities in one or both of our businesses or who operate only in a subset of the exchanges and market centers on which we operate.

              For the year ended December 31, 2005, our total revenues were approximately $1.1 billion, as compared to approximately $621.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our total revenues were approximately $1.3 billion, as compared to approximately $772.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Our income before income taxes was approximately $569.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 and approximately $599.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, as compared to approximately $290.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 and approximately $406.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Our market making activities represented 79% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 78% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.

Our History

              Our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Thomas Peterffy, began the business in 1977 as an individual market maker on the American Stock Exchange. This enterprise was succeeded by our market making business, Timber Hill, which was formed in 1982. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, we continually improved and refined our pricing model, its inputs and related software technology. In 1990, Timber Hill joined the first fully electronic options exchange, the Deutsche Terminbörse (DTB). By directly

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connecting Timber Hill's market making system to the DTB's matching engine, price and trade reporting facilities, we proved the viability of a fully automated market making system. In 2000, Timber Hill became a primary market maker on the International Securities Exchange (ISE), the first fully electronic options exchange in the United States. By connecting our system to the ISE, just as we have done with many European and Asian exchanges, we maintained continuous quotes for products listed on the ISE, making electronic option trading a viable alternative to open outcry option trading in the United States. Today, Timber Hill is a primary electronic market maker on most major options exchanges and many stock and commodities exchanges worldwide, and Interactive Brokers, which was added to the group in 1993, is a leading provider of electronic brokerage in stocks, options, futures and forex globally. Throughout our history, we have continued to create and refine innovative technology to provide liquidity on better terms for our customers and to remain a leader in electronic market making for electronically-traded products. In 2005, we were ranked the 16th largest U.S. securities firm by Institutional Investor, measured by consolidated capital.

Our Industry and Market Opportunity

              On most business days, trillions of dollars in securities, commodities, currencies and derivative instruments are traded around the world. These products range from standardized financial instruments, such as common equity securities and futures contracts typically traded on exchanges, to more complex, less standardized instruments, such as over-the-counter derivatives, that are typically traded between institutional dealers. Buyers and sellers of exchange-traded financial instruments benefit from:

      the price transparency, anonymity and enhanced liquidity, in the form of continuous bids and offers, provided by liquidity facilitators, such as market makers and specialists, who participate in those markets; and

      the financial stability of the securities and commodities clearing houses associated with these exchanges.

              We are focused on developing technology and applying it as a financial intermediary to increase liquidity and transparency in the financial markets in which we operate. We participate primarily in the following financial markets:

      Derivatives: Financial instruments that derive their value based on the value of an underlying asset, such as a stock, a commodity, an interest rate, an index or a currency. Common types of derivatives include options and futures.

      Equity options: Contracts giving the holder the right to buy or sell an underlying stock or equity index, at a specified price, by a specific date.

      Futures and options on futures: Contracts to buy or sell a particular commodity or financial instrument at a specified price, on a specified date in the future and options thereon.

      Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and options on ETFs: Shares that may be redeemed for a defined basket of securities and that trade on exchanges throughout the day at prices determined by the market and options thereon.

      Foreign exchange: Exchange of various currencies, which facilitate currency conversion and fluid markets.

      Equities: Securities representing equity ownership interests in publicly traded companies.

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              These financial markets are large and are experiencing substantial growth. From 2000 to 2005, according to the FIA, the volume of equity options, futures and options on futures, ETFs, forex and equities grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.2%, 22.9%, 58.1%, 14.8% and 7.1%, respectively.

              Within the financial markets described above, we serve as an automated global market maker and broker. The introduction of new financial products over time, such as the recent rapid growth in the utilization of ETFs, and the proliferation of new exchanges and market centers in the United States and throughout the world, many of which are electronic, have contributed, and are likely to continue to contribute, to the growth of the market making industry in general and, in particular, the need for automated services that provide continuous bids and offers across many products in a rapidly changing price environment. Furthermore, the increase in direct market access trading systems, which allow an investor to see bid and offer quotes disseminated by exchanges and market centers and to direct orders to a specific destination, using software and high-speed computer linkages to such places as NASDAQ, various electronic communication networks (ECNs) and options and futures exchanges, is likely to contribute to the continued growth of the brokerage industry.

              We believe that we are well positioned to benefit from these anticipated industry growth trends. In the past decade, the electronic market making and brokerage businesses have become synonymous with applying technology to secure the best price in electronic exchange transactions. Given the increasing globalization and automation of the financial markets, we believe that our investment in technology for nearly three decades and our overall technological capabilities provide us with a significant advantage over our competition. Our proprietary technology gives us the ability to innovate quickly and to automate key aspects of our business and makes us a low cost provider of electronic market making and brokerage services. As demonstrated by our primary role in the creation of fully automated electronic markets on the DTB in 1990 and on the ISE in 2000, we have been in the forefront of expansion into new financial products and exchanges and market centers, and we believe we are able to adapt to, and in some cases initiate the adoption of, trading standards in a rapidly changing and technological environment. For instance, we initiated the trading of U.S equity and index options in penny increments in 2006 through our fully automated platform. Our combined electronic market making and brokerage systems offer access to exchanges and market centers that are typically not cost feasible for brokerage-only businesses. We leverage the combined volume from our electronic market making and brokerage operations and our proprietary technology to route orders effectively and to process trades resulting in consistently best executions and one of the lowest unit costs in the industry.

Our Competitive Strengths

      Proprietary technology. We view ourselves primarily as a technology company. Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions. Our proprietary technology makes us a low cost provider of market making and brokerage services. It also enables us to make markets profitably in financial instruments (e.g., equity options, futures, index options and equities) worldwide with low spreads between bid and offer prices, while at the same time providing our customers with the ability to effect trades at execution and commission costs that are among the lowest in the industry. Our proprietary technology also gives us the ability to innovate quickly and to automate key aspects of our business, including order routing for best execution, real-time risk and credit management, clearing, customer service, regulatory compliance and back-office functions. We believe that our early investment in technology, as well as our overall technological capabilities, provides us with a significant advantage over our competition. Other entrants in the automated market making business generally have arisen only within the past ten years, whereas we have been developing our market making technology for nearly three decades. Accordingly, we believe that our head start in developing this technology gives us a distinct

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        advantage in time, experience and the amount of software and functionality we have been able to develop over that time. In the past decade, the electronic market making and brokerage businesses have become synonymous with applying technology to secure the best prices in electronic exchange transactions. We have been building our platform in anticipation of this paradigm shift.

      Experienced management team. Our key employees have significant experience and expertise in the application of technology to the financial services industry. These individuals are also significant equity owners of IBG LLC and are heavily committed to our success. IBG LLC's five largest member-owners are computer programmers, three of whom oversee software development on a full-time basis. Nearly half of IBG LLC's members are software developers. Our senior management team has an average of 18 years' tenure with us.

      Low cost structure. Our focus on automation and expense management practices enables us to operate with a low cost structure. Our technology allows us to be one of the lowest cost providers of liquidity to the global, exchange-listed equity and derivatives markets and global execution and clearing services for professional traders and institutions. As a low cost provider with leading technology, we have achieved significant organic growth in our market making and electronic brokerage businesses. Our low cost structure enables us to achieve significant operating leverage on our scalable technology platform.

      Complementary lines of business. We capitalize on the synergies between our market making and brokerage lines of business. Our global market making presence and high volume enable our brokerage business to service customers competitively and provide sophisticated investors and institutional traders with direct access to numerous electronically-traded products. We leverage the combined volume from our market making and brokerage operations and our proprietary technology in each of these operations to route orders effectively and to process trades on exchanges around the world, resulting in consistently best executions and one of the lowest unit costs in the industry. Our combined market making and brokerage systems offer access to exchanges and market centers that are typically not cost feasible for brokerage-only businesses.

      Diversified revenue base. We earn trading gains from our market making business as well as commissions and fee income from our electronic brokerage business. We generate revenues from millions of relatively small and diversified individual trades. These trades are broadly distributed geographically and among different products. In 2005, we executed approximately 97 million trades. We have rapidly expanded the number of financial instruments in which we make markets to approximately 324,000 tradable, exchange-listed products on more than 60 exchanges and market centers in 23 countries.

      Established business franchise. We have been in operation for nearly three decades. In 2005, Institutional Investor ranked us the 16th largest U.S. securities firm, as measured by consolidated capital. We are members of more than 60 major exchanges and market centers around the world. Many of these memberships are franchises that are difficult to obtain. As of September 30, 2006, we held market maker licenses on 31 exchanges in 15 countries, and have preferential rights and obligations as designated specialists or market makers in approximately 1,000 classes of options in the United States. We are a registered market maker in approximately 300 NASDAQ and approximately 2,000 New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and American Stock Exchange (AMEX) listed stocks. We believe that our proprietary technology, extensive market penetration, advanced trading and communications systems and substantial capital and human resources together constitute a significant business franchise.

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      Real-time risk management. We operate as a market maker, not an investor. Therefore, our ability to generate profits is generally a function of transaction volume on electronic exchanges rather than volatility or the direction of price movements. Our strategy is to calculate quotes a few seconds ahead of the market and execute small trades at a tiny but favorable differential as a result. This is made possible by our proprietary pricing model, which continuously evaluates and monitors the risks inherent in our portfolio, assimilates market data and reevaluates the outstanding quotes in our entire portfolio each second. In our electronic brokerage business, our entire credit management process is automated, including real-time margin calls and automatic liquidation. The adaptability of our real-time portfolio risk management system for market making and our real-time credit management system for customer accounts contributes to our low cost structure by enabling us to minimize losses typically associated with manual risk management.

      Strong financial position. We maintain a conservative capital structure with a large equity capital base, highly liquid assets and low financial leverage. As of September 30, 2006, we had equity capital of approximately $2.6 billion and our capital base grew organically at a CAGR of approximately 24% from December 2000 to September 2006. As of September 30, 2006, we held $32.2 billion in total assets, approximately $32.0 billion, or 99%, of which were highly liquid and readily convertible to cash. As of September 30, 2006, our long-term debt-to-equity ratio was 11%. Over the years, we have demonstrated consistent profitability in a variety of market conditions. Our consolidated net income from 2001 to 2005 has ranged from $270.4 million to $535.5 million. Except for two years in the early 1990s when we incurred minor losses, we have been profitable every year since our inception in 1982, when Timber Hill was formed.

Our Strategies

      Capitalize on industry growth trends. We are well positioned in the financial markets as an automated global electronic market maker and broker. Electronic trading volume in equities, listed options, futures and forex has been growing rapidly. We expect this trend to continue due to the lower cost, the ability to execute quickly without errors, the anonymity associated with electronic trading and the increased knowledge of investors of the advantages of various forms of exchange-listed derivative products. Our global market share in exchange-listed options has grown from 10.5% in 2004 to 13.7% in 2005 to 16.0% during the nine months ended September 30, 2006. On markets where we actively trade, our market share has grown from 12.3% in 2004 to 16.2% in 2005 to 18.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. On U.S. options exchanges, our market share has grown from 12.6% in 2004 to 18.7% in 2005 to 21.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. We intend to continue to use automation to drive trading volume and increase our market share and revenues in these growing industries. We also intend to make selective, strategic investments where such investments will enable us to offer better execution alternatives to our current and prospective customers or create new opportunities for ourselves as market makers or where we can influence exchanges to provide competing products at better prices using sophisticated technology.

      Drive increased trading volume through our low cost structure. We intend to increase our trading volume by building on our leading position as a low cost provider of market making and brokerage services. Our scale, technology and operational efficiencies provide an advantage in delivering services at a low cost. Due to our high degree of automation, our net profit margins are generally higher than those of our competitors. We intend to maintain or increase our market share by decreasing bid/offer spreads in the market for our customers and to capture more order flow as we compete for market making and customer trades.

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        Similarly, we seek to market ourselves to our current customers and potential new classes of customers such as broker-dealers, hedge funds and conventional money managers based on our position as a low cost provider of the best execution brokerage services to further drive order flow. We will continue to seek to refine our systems and processes to enhance our ability to deliver our services at a low cost.

      Expand into new markets. We intend to enter electronic markets where we are not currently operating as a market maker or broker, including markets in new geographic locations. We will also continue to expand our market making and brokerage services for new security types as they become available. Our entry into new markets starts as a software development project. We seek only to enter new markets or product classes in which the execution of transactions can be automated using our technology. Many of these markets are in nascent stages from an automation and information perspective but have the ability to utilize sophisticated technology. This gives us the opportunity to play a key role in providing liquidity to new markets and products early in their life cycle and, in doing so, to handle a large market share. We enter into any new business only after we have built the appropriate technology interface for that business and have satisfactorily integrated it with our automated platform. Our current customers can then access these new markets and drive trading volumes, and we can attract new customers from the geographic areas where these new markets are located, in order that they can integrate their local investments with a global portfolio. We believe that our technology development skills enable us to enter new markets and add new products more rapidly and efficiently than can our competitors.

      Market our customer offerings to new classes of customers. We have been increasing our numbers of individual direct market access customers as a result of our low cost structure as well as our superior execution, trading and account management tools. We intend to focus on obtaining institutional customers, such as broker-dealers, hedge funds and conventional money managers, whom we believe will find our "plug and play" systems much more efficient than maintaining their own systems. We intend to add new products, new analytical tools, new order types and new trading features that are in demand by our customers and potential customers. For example, proposed Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations that allow brokers to calculate customer margin requirements based on a portfolio risk-based model are expected to give us an opportunity to attract large trading accounts from hedge funds and other professional traders who currently use the services of prime brokers. We believe that these new portfolio margining rules will decrease the importance of providing leverage to hedge funds beyond those permitted by current U.S. rules (which we do not do) and will allow us to compete on the basis of price, where we are a low price provider of services. We also intend to continue our efforts to popularize OneChicago, an all-electronic securities futures exchange, and single stock futures (SSF) products as a vehicle to reduce financing costs for hedge funds, thus providing another growth opportunity.

Market Making—Timber Hill

              We conduct our market making business through our Timber Hill subsidiaries. As one of the largest market makers on many of the world's leading electronic exchanges, we provide liquidity by offering competitively tight bid/offer spreads over a broad base of approximately 324,000 tradable, exchange-listed products, including equity derivative products, equity index derivative products, equity securities and futures. As principal, we commit our own capital and derive revenues or incur losses from the difference between the price paid when securities are bought and the price received when those securities are sold. Because we provide continuous bid and offer quotations and we are continuously both buying and selling quoted securities, we may have either a long or a short position in a particular product at a given point in time. Historically, our profits have been principally a function of transaction volume on

7



electronic exchanges rather than volatility or the direction of price movements. Our strategy is to calculate quotes at which supply and demand for a particular security are likely to be in balance a few seconds ahead of the market and execute small trades at tiny but favorable differentials. Our quotes are based on our proprietary model rather than customer order flow, and we believe that this approach provides us with a competitive advantage.

              As a matter of practice, we will generally not take portfolio positions in either the broad market or the financial instruments of specific issuers in anticipation that prices will either rise or fall. Our entire portfolio is evaluated each second and continuously rebalanced throughout the trading day, thus minimizing the risk of our portfolio at all times. This real-time rebalancing of our portfolio, together with our real-time proprietary risk management system, enables us to curtail risk and to be profitable in both up-market and down-market scenarios.

              We are a market leader in exchange-traded equity options and equity-index options and futures. Together with our electronic brokerage customers, during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we accounted for approximately 16.0% of the exchange-listed equity options volume traded worldwide and approximately 18.8% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded on those markets in which we actively trade, according to data compiled by the FIA based on data received from exchanges worldwide. Our ability to make markets in such a large number of exchanges and market centers simultaneously around the world is one of our core strengths and has contributed to the large volumes in our market making business. We engage in market making operations in North America, Europe and in the Asia/Pacific region.

              In 2005 and the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our net revenues from our market making business were approximately $746.7 million and $749.2 million, respectively, which represented approximately 80% and 77% of our total net revenues, respectively, during such periods.

Electronic Brokerage—Interactive Brokers

              We conduct our electronic brokerage business through our Interactive Brokers (IB) subsidiaries. As an electronic broker, we execute, clear and settle trades globally for both institutional and individual customers. Capitalizing on the technology originally developed for our market making business, IB's systems provide our customers with the capability to monitor multiple markets around the world simultaneously and to execute trades electronically in these markets at a low cost in multiple products and currencies from a single trading account. Our customers are able to transact trades in ten different currencies and across all product classes seamlessly from one IB Universal AccountSM. We offer our customers state-of-the-art tools which include a customizable trading platform, advanced analytical tools and sophisticated order types such as guaranteed combination trades. Our customers also benefit from advanced "smart-routing" of orders for optimal execution and among the lowest execution and commission costs in the industry. Since launching this business in 1993, we have grown to approximately 77,000 institutional and individual brokerage customers. We offer our customers access to all classes of tradable, exchange-listed products, including stocks, bonds, options, futures and forex, traded on more than 50 exchanges and market centers and in 16 countries around the world seamlessly.

              IB provides its customers with high-speed trade execution at low commission rates, in large part because it utilizes the backbone technology developed for Timber Hill's market making operations. As a result of our advanced electronic brokerage platform, IB attracts sophisticated and active investors. IB's individual customers generate more DARTs than do typical online customer accounts in the industry. From December 2000 to September 2006, the dollar amount of IB customer equity grew at a CAGR of 90%, and the number of IB customer and cleared accounts grew at a CAGR of 44%.

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              In 2005 and the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our net revenues from our electronic brokerage business were approximately $185.4 million and $216.8 million, respectively, which represented approximately 20% and 22% of our total net revenues, respectively, during such periods.

Recapitalization and Organizational Structure

      Overview

              We have historically conducted our business through a limited liability company structure. In order to have a Delaware corporation as the issuer for our initial public offering, immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, IBG LLC and its members will consummate a series of transactions, which we collectively refer to as the "Recapitalization." After completion of the Recapitalization, our primary assets will be our ownership of approximately 5% of the membership interests of IBG LLC, the Connecticut limited liability company that is the current holding company for our businesses, and our controlling interest and related contractual rights as the sole managing member of IBG LLC. The remaining approximately 95% of IBG LLC membership interests after completion of this offering will be held by IBG Holdings LLC, a holding company that will be owned by the current members of IBG LLC. The IBG LLC membership interests held by IBG Holdings LLC will be effectively exchangeable over time on a one-for-one basis for shares of our common stock, as described below.

              Our only business following this offering will be to act as the sole managing member of IBG LLC, and, as such, we will operate and control all of the business and affairs of IBG LLC and will be able to consolidate IBG LLC's financial results into our financial statements. IBG Holdings LLC's ownership interests in IBG LLC will be accounted for as a minority interest in our consolidated financial results after this offering. Net profits, net losses and distributions of IBG LLC will be allocated and made to its members pro rata in accordance with the respective percentages of their membership interests in IBG LLC. Accordingly, net profits and net losses of IBG LLC will initially be allocated, and distributions by IBG LLC will initially be made, approximately 5% to us and approximately 95% to IBG Holdings LLC.

9


              The graphic below illustrates our anticipated ownership structure immediately following completion of this offering. The graphic below does not display the subsidiaries of IBG LLC. For more information, please read the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure" located elsewhere in this prospectus.

GRAPHIC

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Use of Proceeds

              We intend to use the net proceeds from our sale of shares of common stock in this offering to purchase membership interests in IBG LLC from the members of IBG LLC. See "Use of Proceeds." The aggregate consideration for the purchase of membership interests in IBG LLC from the members of IBG LLC also includes an amount equal to 85% of the tax savings to be realized by IBG LLC and paid by us to IBG Holdings LLC over time by reason of the increase in the tax basis of the assets of IBG LLC arising out of this transaction, as described in this prospectus under "Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement." Considering only federal income tax savings and based on current tax rates, this additional consideration could total as much as $           million payable over approximately 15 years.

Exchange and Redemption of Membership Interests

              In connection with the Recapitalization, the current members of IBG LLC will receive membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC. Approximately 94% of the pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests are unrestricted as of the date of this offering, and the remaining approximately 6% are restricted by virtue of being subject to a risk of forfeiture based on compliance with a non-competition covenant.

      Unrestricted Interests

              The unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests generally will be effectively exchangeable for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis over time, subject to anti-dilution adjustments based on combinations or divisions of our common stock under the circumstances set forth in the exchange and registration rights agreement described below. All such exchanges will be made in connection with an underwritten offering of common stock or otherwise pursuant to binding agreements to sell, such that all shares of common stock issuable upon such exchanges will be immediately sold into the public markets to parties other than members of IBG Holdings LLC, and the current members of IBG Holdings LLC will not directly own our shares of common stock as a result of these exchanges. We currently anticipate that such optional exchanges and sales will take place on a periodic basis, initially expected to be approximately annually, commencing one year after consummation of this offering.

              In connection with this offering, members of IBG Holdings LLC owning an aggregate of approximately 6% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests have agreed to limit the exchange of such interests for shares of our common stock over time in these periodic exchanges so that such interests will, in effect, be subject to exchange for shares of our common stock (and immediate concurrent sale of such shares into the public markets) as follows (all dates are approximate and subject to the prior or concurrent registration of the shares of common stock issuable upon exchange and concurrent sale of such shares into the public markets):

      10% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests in this offering;

      an additional 25% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on each of the first three anniversaries of this offering; and

      the remaining 15% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on the fourth anniversary of this offering.

              Members of IBG Holdings LLC owning an aggregate of approximately 88% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests, including Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates, are not subject to the foregoing limitations with respect to such interests.

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              As the result of the exchange of an unrestricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interest for a share of our common stock (and immediate concurrent sale of such share into the public markets), we will receive an additional interest in IBG LLC and, for federal income tax purposes, an adjustment to the federal income tax basis of the assets of IBG LLC underlying such additional interest. We intend to enter into a tax receivable agreement with IBG Holdings LLC that will provide for the payment by us to IBG Holdings LLC of 85% of the cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of these increases in tax basis and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. While the actual amount and timing of any payments under this agreement will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that, as a result of the size of the increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of IBG LLC and its subsidiaries, the payments that we may make to IBG Holdings LLC could be substantial. If the unrestricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests had been effectively exchanged in a taxable transaction for common stock at the time of the closing of this offering, the increase in the tax basis attributable to our interest in IBG LLC would have been approximately $     billion, including the increase in tax basis associated with our purchase of IBG LLC membership interests and the Recapitalization. Subject to the limitations discussed below, this increased tax basis is expected to result in tax benefits as a result of increased depreciation or amortization deductions. We will retain 15% of the tax benefits actually realized. The actual amount of tax benefits that we realize (measured by a reduction in taxes otherwise payable by us) will depend upon multiple factors, including the tax rate applicable to us at the time. In addition, if either immediately before any such exchange or immediately after the concurrent sale of our stock issued in the exchange, the IBG Holdings LLC members own or are deemed to own, in the aggregate, more than 20% of our outstanding stock, then all or part of any unamortized increase in the tax basis of goodwill may not be amortizable and, thus, our ability to realize the tax benefits that otherwise would have resulted if such tax basis were amortizable may be significantly reduced. See "Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement."

              IBG Holdings LLC, with the consent of Thomas Peterffy, its sole manager, and our board of directors, also has the right to cause the holders of unrestricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests to exchange all remaining membership interests for shares of our common stock (and concurrent sale of such shares into the public markets) under certain circumstances. Upon full exchange of the IBG Holdings LLC interests for shares of our common stock, the Class B common stock would cease to be outstanding, and all of the IBG LLC membership interests formerly owned by IBG Holdings LLC would be owned by us. See "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure—Exchange and Redemption of Membership Interests—Unrestricted Interests."

      Restricted Interests

              With regard to the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests, such interests would continue to remain restricted and subject to a non-competition covenant upon exchange into IBG Holdings LLC membership interests in connection with the Recapitalization. The restrictions with respect to such restricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests would then lapse ratably on the following schedule:

      10% of the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on the fourth anniversary of this offering;

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      25% of the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on each of the fifth, sixth and seventh anniversaries of this offering; and

      15% of the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on the eighth anniversary of this offering.

              If a holder of restricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests breaches the non-competition covenant, all interests that remain subject to the restriction would be immediately forfeited.

              While the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests will not be directly exchangeable for shares of our common stock, we may sell shares of our common stock to the public as the restrictions lapse from the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests in order to redeem IBG LLC membership interests from IBG Holdings LLC, and we would expect IBG Holdings LLC to use the proceeds it receives from such redemptions to redeem IBG Holdings LLC membership interests from the holders of the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests so that they may pay taxes incurred from the compensation income attributable to them upon lapse of the restriction.

Company Information

              IBG was incorporated in November 2006 as a Delaware corporation. Our principal executive offices are located at One Pickwick Plaza, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830 and our telephone number at that location is (203) 618-5800. Our corporate website address is http://www.interactivebrokers.com. The information contained on this website should not be considered part of this prospectus.

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The Offering


Common stock offered

 

              shares

Common stock outstanding after this offering

 

       shares of Class A common stock
100 shares of Class B common stock

Voting

 

Each share of our common stock will entitle its holder to one vote per share.

 

 

Immediately after this offering, our Class B common stock will have approximately 95% of the voting power of our company, which percentage will decrease proportionately to the extent that IBG Holdings LLC owns a smaller percentage of IBG LLC.

 

 

Initially, Thomas Peterffy, through his ownership of the voting membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC, will beneficially own all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock and will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders, including the election of our directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions, our dividend policy and our access to capital.

Use of proceeds

 

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock in this offering of $                      million, after deducting the placement agency fee and commissions and estimated fees and expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds to purchase membership interests in IBG LLC from the members of IBG LLC. See "Use of Proceeds."

Proposed NASDAQ Global Select Market symbol

 

IBKR

Dividends

 

As a holding company for our equity interest in IBG LLC, we will be dependent upon the ability of IBG LLC to generate earnings and cash flows and distribute them to us so that we may pay any dividends to our stockholders. To the extent that we have excess cash, any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors. See "Dividend Policy."

Risk Factors

 

Investment in our common stock involves substantial risks. You should read this prospectus carefully, including the section entitled "Risk Factors" and the financial statements and the related notes to those statements included in this prospectus before investing in our common stock.

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              Unless we specifically state otherwise, all information in this prospectus:

      assumes that our common stock will be sold at $                             per share, which is the mid-point of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus;

      gives effect to the Recapitalization described more fully elsewhere in this prospectus in the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure;"

      assumes that none of the IBG Holdings LLC membership interests has been exchanged for shares of our common stock; and

      assumes that none of the restricted shares of common stock that may be issued upon conversion of IBG LLC's vested Return on Investment Dollar Units have been issued. See "Management—Return on Investment Dollar Units."

              This offering will be made through the OpenIPO® process, in which the allocation of shares and the public offering price are primarily based on an auction in which prospective purchasers are required to bid for the shares. The placement agents have agreed to use their best efforts to procure potential purchasers for the shares of common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus. This process is described under "Plan of Distribution."

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SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

              The following table sets forth the historical summary consolidated statement of income data for IBG LLC for all periods presented. The table also presents certain pro forma consolidated financial data for IBG LLC.

              The summary historical consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 have been derived from IBG LLC's audited consolidated financial statements. The audited consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 and the audited consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005 are included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 and the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 are not included in this prospectus. The summary historical consolidated financial data as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 have been derived from the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements of IBG LLC. The historical consolidated financial position and results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the financial position or results of operations as of any future date or for any future period.

              The historical statements of financial condition and certain other statements of financial condition data reflect members' capital as redeemable members' interests, which is required under certain accounting guidance for public company reporting. Such guidance did not apply historically to IBG LLC as a private company.

              The historical financial statements do not reflect what our results of operations and financial position would have been had we been a stand-alone, public company for the periods presented. Specifically, our historical results of operations do not give effect to:

      The Recapitalization, which is described in more detail elsewhere in this prospectus in the sections entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and our Organizational Structure" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

      U.S. corporate federal income taxes, since for all periods presented IBG LLC has operated in the United States as a limited liability company that was treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, IBG LLC has not been subject to U.S. federal income taxes on its income. Taxes related to income earned by partnerships represent obligations of the individual partners. Outside the United States, IBG LLC historically has operated principally through subsidiaries and has been subject to local income taxes. Income taxes shown on IBG LLC's historical consolidated statements of income are attributable to taxes incurred by these non-U.S. subsidiaries.

      Minority interest expense reflecting IBG Holdings LLC's ownership of approximately 95% of the IBG LLC membership interests outstanding immediately after this offering.

              The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data set forth below for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the nine months ended September 30, 2006 are derived from IBG LLC's historical consolidated financial statements and the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and give pro forma effect to (1) the Recapitalization and (2) the consummation of this offering and our application of the net proceeds from this offering to purchase membership interests in IBG LLC from its members as though such transactions had occurred on January 1, 2005. The unaudited pro forma financial data is presented for informational purposes only and should not be considered indicative of actual results of operations that would have been achieved had the Recapitalization and this offering been

16



consummated on the dates indicated and do not purport to be indicative of balance sheet data or results of operations as of any future date or for any future period.

              You should read the following summary historical and pro forma consolidated financial data in conjunction with the sections entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data," "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data" and IBG LLC's historical consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. See also the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and our Organizational Structure" included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006

 
 
  Year Ended December 31,

   
 
Consolidated Statement of Income Data:

  2005
Pro Forma

   
   
  2006
Pro Forma

 
  2001
  2002
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
 
  (in millions)

 
Revenues:                                                        
  Trading gains   $ 596.0   $ 472.2   $ 488.4   $ 423.2   $ 640.4   $ 640.4   $ 471.9   $ 631.1   $ 631.1  
  Commissions and execution fees     43.7     64.0     93.0     112.0     132.1     132.1     96.1     128.0     128.0  
  Interest income     65.8     55.2     59.3     78.9     271.7     271.7     166.4     475.2     475.2  
  Other income     11.4     7.5     10.4     7.6     54.9     54.9     37.7     65.9     65.9  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Total revenues     716.9     598.9     651.1     621.7     1,099.1     1,099.1     772.1     1,300.2     1,300.2  
  Interest expense     45.6     32.6     34.6     50.9     161.7     161.7     96.6     331.2     331.2  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Total net revenues     671.3     566.3     616.5     570.8     937.4     937.4     675.5     969.0     969.0  
Non-interest expenses:                                                        
  Execution and clearing     89.0     105.5     138.8     159.3     223.3     223.3     160.9     240.6     240.6  
  Employee compensation and benefits     56.8     64.7     73.5     79.1     90.2     90.2     68.6     84.1     84.1  
  Occupancy, depreciation and amortization     10.7     12.6     13.7     16.4     20.4     20.4     15.0     16.8     16.8  
  Communications     6.3     7.8     7.5     9.0     10.4     10.4     7.7     9.1     9.1  
  General and administrative     17.1     29.1     18.2     17.0     23.8     23.9     16.4     18.5     18.6  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Total non-interest expenses     179.9     219.7     251.7     280.8     368.1     368.2     268.6     369.1     369.2  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax and minority interest     491.4     346.6     364.8     290.0     569.3     569.2     406.9     599.9     599.8  
Income tax expense     16.2     21.3     19.9     19.6     33.8     41.7     27.4     21.6     31.6  
Minority interest                         (508.7 )           (549.4 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 475.2   $ 325.3   $ 344.9   $ 270.4   $ 535.5   $ 18.8   $ 379.5   $ 578.3   $ 18.8  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  September 30, 2006

Consolidated Statement of Financial
Condition Data:

  Actual
  Pro Forma
 
  (in millions)

             
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments(1)   $ 3,759.8   $ 3,759.8
Total assets(2)   $ 32,187.7   $ 32,284.6
Total liabilities, excluding redeemable members' interests   $ 29,548.5   $ 32,154.3
Redeemable members' interests(3)/stockholders' equity   $ 2,639.2   $ 130.3

(1)
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments represent cash and cash equivalents, cash and securities segregated under federal and other regulations, U.S. and foreign government obligations and securities purchased under agreements to resell.

(2)
At September 30, 2006, approximately $32.0 billion, or 99.4%, of total assets were considered to be liquid and consisted primarily of marketable securities.

(3)
Redeemable members' interests represent member interests in IBG LLC that are entitled to share in the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC. IBG LLC is a private entity owned by the members holding such member interests. As a private company, such amounts were classified historically as members' capital. For presentation purposes, IBG LLC has applied guidance within Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Topic D-98, Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities (EITF D-98) which requires securities or equity interests of a company whose redemption is outside the control of the company to be classified outside of permanent capital in the statement of financial condition. The member interests in IBG LLC can be redeemed by the members at book value at their option. Because this redemption right is deemed to be outside the control of the company, IBG LLC has reclassified all members' capital outside of permanent capital to redeemable members' interests in the consolidated statement of financial condition. Such reclassification was made to comply with EITF D-98 and the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). Redeemable members' interests include accumulated other comprehensive income.

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RISK FACTORS

              Investing in our common stock involves a substantial risk. You should consider carefully the following risks and other information in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before you decide to purchase our common stock. If any of the following risks actually materializes, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment.


Risks Related to Our Company Structure

Control by Thomas Peterffy of a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock may give rise to conflicts of interests and could discourage a change of control that other stockholders may favor, which could negatively affect our stock price, and adversely affect stockholders in other ways.

              Upon consummation of this offering, Thomas Peterffy, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, and his affiliates will beneficially own approximately 85% of the economic interests and all of the voting interests in IBG Holdings LLC, which owns all of our Class B common stock, representing approximately 95% of the combined voting power of all classes of our voting stock. As a result, Mr. Peterffy will have the ability to elect all of the members of our board of directors and thereby to control our management and affairs, including determinations with respect to acquisitions, dispositions, material expansions or contractions of our business, entry into new lines of business, borrowings, issuances of common stock or other securities, and the declaration and payment of dividends on our common stock. In addition, Mr. Peterffy will be able to determine the outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval and will be able to cause or prevent a change of control of our company or a change in the composition of our board of directors and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our company. The concentration of ownership could discourage potential takeover attempts that other stockholders may favor and could deprive stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and this may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

              Moreover, because of Mr. Peterffy's substantial ownership, we are eligible and intend initially to be treated as a "controlled company" for purposes of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. As a result, we will not be required by NASDAQ to have a majority of independent directors or to maintain compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees composed entirely of independent directors to continue to list the shares of our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Select Market.

The historical financial information of IBG LLC contained in this prospectus may not be representative of our results as an independent public company.

              Because IBG LLC has operated as a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it historically has paid little or no taxes on profits in the United States. As a result, IBG LLC's provision for income taxes has not reflected U.S. corporate federal income taxes. Accordingly, IBG LLC's historical results of operations and financial position are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated results of our operations and financial position after completion of the recapitalization transactions as described in the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure." For additional information about past financial performance and the basis of presentation of IBG LLC's historical financial statements, see "Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data" and the IBG LLC historical financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

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The pro forma financial information in this prospectus may not permit you to predict our costs of operations, and the estimates and assumptions used in preparing our pro forma financial information may be materially different from our actual experience as a public company.

              In preparing the pro forma financial information in this prospectus, we have made adjustments to the historical financial information of IBG LLC based upon currently available information and upon assumptions that our management believes are reasonable in order to reflect, on a pro forma basis, the impact of the Recapitalization. Some of these adjustments include, among other items, a deduction and charge to earnings of estimated income taxes based on an estimated tax rate. These and other estimates and assumptions used in the calculation of the pro forma financial information in this prospectus may be materially different from our actual experience as a public company. The pro forma financial information in this prospectus does not purport to represent what our results of operations would actually have been had we operated as a public company during the periods presented, nor do the pro forma data give effect to any events other than those discussed in the unaudited pro forma financial information and related notes. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data."

Upon consummation of this offering, we will be dependent on IBG LLC to distribute cash to us in amounts sufficient to pay our tax liabilities and other expenses.

              We will be a holding company and, immediately after the consummation of the Recapitalization, our primary assets will be our approximately 5% equity interest in IBG LLC and our controlling interest and related rights as the sole managing member of IBG LLC and, as such, we will operate and control all of the business and affairs of IBG LLC and will be able to consolidate IBG LLC's financial results into our financial statements. We will have no independent means of generating revenues. IBG LLC will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, will not itself be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Instead, its taxable income will be allocated on a pro rata basis to IBG Holdings LLC and us. Accordingly, we will incur income taxes on our proportionate share of any net taxable income of IBG LLC, and also will incur expenses related to our operations. We intend to cause IBG LLC to distribute cash to its members in amounts at least equal to that necessary to cover their tax liabilities, if any, with respect to the earnings of IBG LLC. To the extent we need funds to pay such taxes, or for any other purpose, and IBG LLC is unable to provide such funds, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We will be required to pay IBG Holdings LLC for the benefit relating to any additional tax depreciation or amortization deductions we may claim as a result of the tax basis step-up our subsidiaries receive in connection with this offering and related transactions.

              In connection with this offering, we will purchase interests in IBG LLC from its historic members for cash. In addition, IBG LLC membership interests held by IBG Holdings LLC may be exchanged in the future for shares of our common stock. The purchase will, and the exchanges may, result in increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of IBG LLC and its subsidiaries that otherwise would not have been available. Such increase will be approximately equal to the amount by which our stock price at the time of the purchase or exchange exceeds the income tax basis of the assets of IBG LLC underlying the IBG LLC interests acquired by us. These increases in tax basis will result in increased deductions in computing our taxable income and resulting tax savings for us over the 15 year period commencing with the purchase or exchange. We have agreed to pay 85% of these tax savings, if any, to IBG Holdings LLC as they are realized as additional consideration for the IBG LLC interests that we acquire. See "Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement."

              At the time of the closing of this offering, the increase in the tax basis attributable to our interest in IBG LLC, assuming an initial offering price of $              per share of common stock (the midpoint of the range of initial public offering prices set forth on the cover of this prospectus) and our purchase of

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5% of the outstanding interests of IBG LLC, is expected to be approximately $      million. The tax savings that we would actually realize as a result of this increase in tax basis likely would be significantly less than this amount multiplied by our effective tax rate due to a number of factors, including the allocation of a portion of the increase in tax basis to foreign or non-depreciable fixed assets, the impact of the increase in the tax basis on our ability to use foreign tax credits and the rules relating to the amortization of intangible assets, for example. Based on current facts and assumptions, including that subsequent exchanges of IBG LLC interests will occur in fully taxable transactions, the potential tax basis increase resulting from the exchange of the IBG LLC interests held by IBG Holdings LLC following the closing of the offering could be as much as $      billion. The tax receivable agreement will require 85% of such tax savings, if any, to be paid to IBG Holdings LLC, with the balance to be retained by us. The actual increase in tax basis will depend, among other factors, upon the price of shares of our common stock at the time of the exchange and the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and, as a result, could differ materially from this amount. Our ability to achieve benefits from any such increase, and the amount of the payments to be made under the tax receivable agreement, will depend upon a number of factors, as discussed above, including the timing and amount of our future income.

              If either immediately before any exchange or immediately after the concurrent sale of our stock issued in the exchange, the IBG Holdings LLC members own or are deemed to own, in the aggregate, more than 20% of our outstanding stock, then all or part of any increase in the tax basis of goodwill may not be amortizable and, thus, our ability to realize the annual tax savings that otherwise would have resulted if such tax basis were amortizable may be significantly reduced.

              If the IRS successfully challenges the tax basis increase, under certain circumstances, we could be required to make payments to IBG Holdings LLC under the tax receivable agreement in excess of our cash tax savings.

Our senior secured revolving credit facility and our senior notes impose certain restrictions. A failure to comply with these restrictions could lead to an event of default, resulting in an acceleration of indebtedness, which may affect our ability to finance future operations or capital needs, or to engage in other business activities.

              As of September 30, 2006, our total indebtedness (consisting of the aggregate amounts outstanding under senior notes, senior secured revolving credit facility and short-term borrowings) was approximately $1.3 billion. On May 19, 2006, IBG LLC entered into a $300.0 million three-year senior secured revolving credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, Harris N.A. as syndication agent, and Citibank, N.A. and HSBC Bank USA National Association as co-syndication agents. In addition, subject to restrictions in our senior secured revolving credit facility and our senior notes, we may incur additional first-priority secured borrowings under the senior secured revolving credit facility.

              The operating and financial restrictions and covenants in our debt agreements, including the senior secured revolving credit facility and our senior notes, may adversely affect our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities. Our senior secured revolving credit facility requires us to maintain specified financial ratios and tests, including interest coverage and total leverage ratios and maximum capital expenditures, which may require that we take action to reduce debt or to act in a manner contrary to our business objectives. In addition, the senior secured revolving credit facility and the senior notes restrict our ability to, among other things:

      incur additional indebtedness;

      dispose of assets;

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      guarantee debt obligations;

      repay indebtedness or amend debt instruments;

      pay dividends;

      create liens on assets;

      make investments;

      make acquisitions;

      engage in mergers or consolidations; or

      engage in certain transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates and otherwise restrict corporate activities.

              A failure to comply with the restrictions contained in the senior secured revolving credit facility could lead to an event of default, which could result in an acceleration of our indebtedness. Such an acceleration would constitute an event of default under our senior notes. A failure to comply with the restrictions in our senior notes could result in an event of default under our senior notes. Our future operating results may not be sufficient to enable compliance with the covenants in the senior secured revolving credit facility, our senior notes or other indebtedness or to remedy any such default. In addition, in the event of an acceleration, we may not have or be able to obtain sufficient funds to refinance our indebtedness or make any accelerated payments, including those under the senior notes. In addition, we may not be able to obtain new financing. Even if we were able to obtain new financing, we would not be able to guarantee that the new financing would be on commercially reasonable terms or terms that would be acceptable to us. If we default on our indebtedness, our business financial condition and results of operation could be materially and adversely affected.


Risks Related to Our Business

Our business may be harmed by global events beyond our control, including overall slowdowns in securities trading.

              Like other brokerage and financial services firms, our business and profitability are directly affected by elements that are beyond our control, such as economic and political conditions, broad trends in business and finance, changes in volume of securities and futures transactions, changes in the markets in which such transactions occur and changes in how such transactions are processed. A weakness in equity markets, such as a slowdown causing reduction in trading volume in U.S. or foreign securities and derivatives, has historically resulted in reduced transaction revenues and would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because our revenues and profitability depend on trading volume, they are prone to significant fluctuations and are difficult to predict.

              Our revenues are dependent on the level of trading activity on securities and derivatives exchanges in the United States and abroad. In the past, our revenues and operating results have varied significantly from period to period due primarily to the willingness of competitors to trade more aggressively by decreasing their bid/offer spreads and thereby assuming more risk in order to acquire market share, to movements and trends in the underlying markets, and to fluctuations in trading levels.

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As a result, period to period comparisons of our revenues and operating results may not be meaningful, and future revenues and profitability may be subject to significant fluctuations or declines.

Our reliance on our computer software could cause us great financial harm in the event of any disruption or corruption of our computer software. We may experience technology failures while developing our software.

              We rely on our computer software to receive and properly process internal and external data. Any disruption for any reason in the proper functioning or any corruption of our software or erroneous or corrupted data may cause us to make erroneous trades or suspend our services and could cause us great financial harm. In order to maintain our competitive advantage, our software is under continuous development. As we identify and enhance our software, there is risk that software failures may occur and result in service interruptions and have other unintended consequences.

Our business could be harmed by a systemic market event.

              Some market participants could be overleveraged. In case of sudden, large price movements, such market participants may not be able to meet their obligations to brokers who, in turn, may not be able to meet their obligations to their counterparties. As a result, the financial system or a portion thereof could collapse, and the impact of such an event could be catastrophic to our business.

We may incur material trading losses from our market making activities.

              A substantial portion of our revenues and operating profits is derived from our trading as principal in our role as a market maker and specialist. We may incur trading losses relating to these activities since each primarily involves the purchase or sale of securities for our own account. In any period, we may incur trading losses in a significant number of securities for a variety of reasons including:

      price changes in securities;

      lack of liquidity in securities in which we have positions; and

      the required performance of our market making and specialist obligations.

              These risks may limit or restrict our ability to either resell securities we purchased or to repurchase securities we sold. In addition, we may experience difficulty borrowing securities to make delivery to purchasers to whom we sold short, or lenders from whom we have borrowed. From time to time, we have large position concentrations in securities of a single issuer or issuers engaged in a specific industry or traded in a particular market. Such a concentration could result in higher trading losses than would occur if our positions and activities were less concentrated.

              In our role as a market maker, we attempt to derive a profit from the difference between the prices at which we buy and sell securities. However, competitive forces often require us to match the quotes other market makers display and to hold varying amounts of securities in inventory. By having to maintain inventory positions, we are subjected to a high degree of risk. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage such risk successfully or that we will not experience significant losses from such activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

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Reduced spreads in securities pricing, levels of trading activity and trading through market makers and/or specialists could harm our business.

              Computer-generated buy/sell programs and other technological advances and regulatory changes in the marketplace may continue to tighten spreads on securities transactions. Tighter spreads and increased competition could make the execution of trades and market making activities less profitable. In addition, new and enhanced alternative trading systems such as ECNs have emerged as an alternative for individual and institutional investors, as well as broker-dealers, to avoid directing their trades through market makers, and could result in reduced revenues derived from our market making business.

We may incur losses in our market making activities in the event of failures of our proprietary pricing model.

              The success of our market making business is substantially dependent on the accuracy of our proprietary pricing mathematical model, which continuously evaluates and monitors the risks inherent in our portfolio, assimilates market data and reevaluates our outstanding quotes each second. Our model is designed to automatically rebalance our positions throughout the trading day to manage risk exposures on our positions in options, futures and the underlying securities. In the event of a flaw in our pricing model and/or a failure in the related software, our pricing model may lead to unexpected and/or unprofitable trades, which may result in material trading losses.

The valuation of the financial instruments we hold may result in large and occasionally anomalous swings in the value of our positions and in our earnings in any period.

              The market prices of our long and short positions are reflected on our books at closing prices which are typically the last trade price before the official close of the primary exchange on which each such security trades. Given that we manage a globally integrated portfolio, we may have large and substantially offsetting positions in securities that trade on different exchanges that close at different times of the trading day. As a result, there may be large and occasionally anomalous swings in the value of our positions daily and, accordingly, in our earnings in any period. This is especially true on the last business day of each calendar quarter.

We are exposed to losses due to lack of perfect information.

              As market makers, we provide liquidity by buying from sellers and selling to buyers. Quite often, we trade with others who have better information than we do, and as a result, we may accumulate unfavorable positions preceding large price movements in stocks about to undergo corporate action. Should the frequency or magnitude of these events increase, our losses will likely increase correspondingly.

Rules governing specialists and designated market makers may require us to make unprofitable trades or prevent us from making profitable trades.

              Specialists and designated market makers are granted certain rights and have certain obligations to "make a market" in a particular security. They agree to specific obligations to maintain a fair and orderly market. In acting as a specialist or designated market maker, we are subjected to a high degree of risk by having to support an orderly market. In this role, we may at times be required to make trades that adversely affect our profitability. In addition, we may at times be unable to trade for our own account in circumstances in which it may be to our advantage to trade, and we may be obligated to act as a principal when buyers or sellers outnumber each other. In those instances, we may take a position counter to the market, buying or selling securities to support an orderly market. Additionally, the rules of the markets which govern our activities as a specialist or designated market maker are subject to change.

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If these rules are made more stringent, our trading revenues and profits as specialist or designated market maker could be adversely affected.

Regulatory and legal uncertainties could harm our business.

              The securities and derivatives businesses are heavily regulated. Firms in financial service industries have been subject to an increasingly regulated environment over recent years, and penalties and fines sought by regulatory authorities have increased accordingly. This regulatory and enforcement environment has created uncertainty with respect to various types of transactions that historically had been entered into by financial service firms and that were generally believed to be permissible and appropriate. Our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to regulations in the United States and abroad covering all aspects of their business. Regulatory bodies include, in the United States, the SEC, the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the NYSE, in Switzerland, the Federal Banking Commission, in the United Kingdom, the Financial Services Authority (FSA), in Hong Kong, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), in Australia, the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC), and in Canada, the Investment Dealers Association of Canada (IDA) and various Canadian securities commissions. Our mode of operation and profitability may be directly affected by additional legislation; changes in rules promulgated by various domestic and foreign government agencies and self-regulatory organizations that oversee our business; and changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules. Noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations could result in sanctions being levied against us, including fines and censures, suspension or expulsion from a certain jurisdiction or market or the revocation or limitation of licenses. Noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations could adversely affect our reputation, prospects, revenues and earnings. In addition, changes in current laws or regulations or in governmental policies could adversely affect our operations, revenues and earnings.

              Domestic and foreign stock exchanges, other self-regulatory organizations and state and foreign securities commissions can censure, fine, issue cease-and-desist orders, suspend or expel a broker-dealer or any of its officers or employees. Our ability to comply with all applicable laws and rules is largely dependent on our internal system to ensure compliance, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance personnel. We could be subject to disciplinary or other actions in the future due to claimed noncompliance, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. To continue to operate and to expand our services internationally, we may have to comply with the regulatory controls of each country in which we conduct, or intend to conduct business, the requirements of which may not be clearly defined. The varying compliance requirements of these different regulatory jurisdictions, which are often unclear, may limit our ability to continue existing international operations and further expand internationally.

Our future efforts to sell shares or raise additional capital may be delayed or prohibited by regulations.

              As certain of our subsidiaries are members of the NASD, we are subject to certain regulations regarding changes in control of our ownership. NASD Rule 1017 generally provides that NASD approval must be obtained in connection with any transaction resulting in a change in control of a member firm. The NASD defines control as ownership of 25% or more of the firm's equity by a single entity or person and would include a change in control of a parent company. Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited is subject to similar change in control regulations promulgated by the FSA in the United Kingdom. As a result of these regulations, our future efforts to sell shares or raise additional capital may be delayed or prohibited. We may be subject to similar restrictions in other jurisdictions in which we operate.

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We depend on our proprietary technology, and our future results may be impacted if we cannot maintain technological superiority in our industry.

              Our success in the past has largely been attributable to our sophisticated proprietary technology that has taken many years to develop. We have benefited from the fact that the type of proprietary technology equivalent to that which we employ has not been widely available to our competitors. If our technology becomes more widely available to our current or future competitors for any reason, our operating results may be adversely affected. Additionally, adoption or development of similar or more advanced technologies by our competitors may require that we devote substantial resources to the development of more advanced technology to remain competitive. The markets in which we compete are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing trading systems, practices and techniques. Although we have been at the forefront of many of these developments in the past, we may not be able to keep up with these rapid changes in the future, develop new technology, realize a return on amounts invested in developing new technologies or remain competitive in the future.

We are subject to potential losses as a result of our clearing and execution activities.

              As a clearing member firm providing financing services to certain of our brokerage customers, we are ultimately responsible for their financial performance in connection with various stock, options and futures transactions. Our clearing operations require a commitment of our capital and, despite safeguards implemented by our software, involve risks of losses due to the potential failure of our customers to perform their obligations under these transactions. If our customers default on their obligations, we remain financially liable for such obligations, and although these obligations are collateralized, we are subject to market risk in the liquidation of customer collateral to satisfy those obligations. There can be no assurance that our risk management procedures will be adequate. Any liability arising from clearing operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

              As a clearing member firm of securities and commodities clearing houses in the United States and abroad, we are also exposed to clearing member credit risk. Securities and commodities clearing houses require member firms to deposit cash and/or government securities to a clearing fund. If a clearing member defaults in its obligations to the clearing house in an amount larger than its own margin and clearing fund deposits, the shortfall is absorbed pro rata from the deposits of the other clearing members. Many clearing houses of which we are members also have the authority to assess their members for additional funds if the clearing fund is depleted. A large clearing member default could result in a substantial cost to us if we are required to pay such assessments.

The loss of our key employees would materially adversely affect our business.

              Our key executives have substantial experience and have made significant contributions to our business, and our continued success is dependent upon the retention of our key management executives, as well as the services provided by our staff of trading system, technology and programming specialists and a number of other key managerial, marketing, planning, financial, technical and operations personnel. The loss of such key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business. Growth in our business is dependent, to a large degree, on our ability to retain and attract such employees.

We are exposed to risks associated with our international operations.

              During 2004 and 2005, approximately 29% and 34%, respectively, of our net revenues were generated outside the United States. We are exposed to risks and uncertainties inherent in doing business in international markets, particularly in the heavily regulated brokerage industry. Such risks and uncertainties include political, economic and financial instability; unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other trade barriers; exchange rate fluctuations; applicable currency controls;

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and difficulties in staffing, including reliance on newly hired local experts, and managing foreign operations. These risks could cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We do not have fully redundant systems. System failures could harm our business.

              If our systems fail to perform, we could experience unanticipated disruptions in operations, slower response times or decreased customer service and customer satisfaction. Our ability to facilitate transactions successfully and provide high quality customer service also depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer and communications hardware and software systems. Our service has experienced periodic system interruptions, which we believe will continue to occur from time to time. Our systems and operations also are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, natural disasters, power loss, telecommunication failures, break-ins, sabotage, computer viruses, intentional acts of vandalism and similar events. While we currently maintain redundant servers to provide limited service during system disruptions, we do not have fully redundant systems, and our formal disaster recovery plan does not include restoration of all services. For example, we have backup facilities to our disaster recovery site that enable us, in the case of complete failure of our main North America data center, to recover and complete all pending transactions, provide customers with access to their accounts to deposit or withdraw money, transfer positions to other brokers and manage their risk by continuing trading through the use of marketable orders. These backup services are currently limited to U.S. markets. We do not currently have separate backup facilities dedicated to our non-U.S. operations. It is our intention to provide for and progressively deploy backup facilities for our global facilities over time. In addition, we do not carry business interruption insurance to compensate for losses that could occur to the extent not required. Any system failure that causes an interruption in our service or decreases the responsiveness of our service could impair our reputation, damage our brand name and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure of third-party systems on which we rely could adversely affect our business.

              We rely on certain third-party computer systems or third-party service providers, including clearing systems, exchange systems, Internet service, communications facilities and other facilities. Any interruption in these third-party services, or deterioration in their performance, could be disruptive to our business. If our arrangement with any third party is terminated, we may not be able to find an alternative source of systems support on a timely basis or on commercially reasonable terms. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face competition in our market making activities.

              In our market making activities, we compete with other firms who act as market makers based on our ability to provide liquidity at competitive prices and to attract order flow. Market makers range from sole proprietors with very limited resources, of which there are still a few hundred left, to a few highly sophisticated groups which have substantially greater financial and other resources, including research and development personnel, than we do. These larger and better capitalized competitors may be better able to respond to changes in the market making industry, to compete for skilled professionals, to finance acquisitions, to fund internal growth and to compete for market share generally. We may not be able to compete effectively against these firms, particularly those with greater financial resources, and our failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. As in the past, we may in the future face enhanced competition, resulting in narrowing bid/offer spreads in the marketplace that may adversely impact our financial performance. This is especially likely if others can acquire systems that enable them to predict markets or process trades more efficiently than we can.

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Our direct market access clearing and non-clearing brokerage operations face intense competition.

              With respect to our direct market access brokerage business, the market for electronic and interactive bidding, offering and trading services in connection with equities, options and futures is relatively new, rapidly evolving and intensely competitive. We expect competition to continue and intensify in the future. Our current and potential future competition principally comes from five categories of competitors:

      prime brokers who, in an effort to satisfy the demands of their customers for hands-on electronic trading facilities, universal access to markets, smart routing, better trading tools, lower commissions and financing rates, have embarked upon building such facilities and product enhancements;

      direct market access and online options and futures firms;

      direct market access and online equity brokers;

      software development firms and vendors who create global trading networks and analytical tools and make them available to brokers; and

      traditional brokers.

              In addition, we compete with financial institutions, mutual fund sponsors and other organizations, many of which provide online, direct market access or other investing services. A number of brokers provide our technology and execution services to their customers, and these brokers will become our competitors if they develop their own technology. Some of our competitors in this area have greater name recognition, longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we have and offer a wider range of services and financial products than we do. Some of our competitors may also have an ability to charge lower commissions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively or efficiently with current or future competitors. These increasing levels of competition in the online trading industry could significantly harm this aspect of our business.

We are subject to risks relating to litigation and potential securities laws liability.

              We are exposed to substantial risks of liability under federal and state securities laws, other federal and state laws and court decisions, as well as rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, the CFTC, the Federal Reserve, state securities regulators, the self-regulatory organizations (SROs) and foreign regulatory agencies. We are also subject to the risk of litigation and claims that may be without merit. We could incur significant legal expenses in defending ourselves against and resolving lawsuits or claims. An adverse resolution of any future lawsuits or claims against us could result in a negative perception of our company and cause the market price of our common stock to decline or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Any future acquisitions may result in significant transaction expenses, integration and consolidation risks and risks associated with entering new markets, and we may be unable to profitably operate our consolidated company.

              Although our growth strategy has not focused historically on acquisitions, we may in the future engage in evaluations of potential acquisitions and new businesses. We may not have the financial resources necessary to consummate any acquisitions in the future or the ability to obtain the necessary funds on satisfactory terms. Any future acquisitions may result in significant transaction expenses and risks associated with entering new markets in addition to integration and consolidation risks. Because acquisitions historically have not been a core part of our growth strategy, we have no material experience in successfully utilizing acquisitions. We may not have sufficient management, financial and other

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resources to integrate any such future acquisitions or to successfully operate new businesses and we may be unable to profitably operate our expanded company.

Internet-related issues may reduce or slow the growth in the use of our services in the future.

              Critical issues concerning the commercial use of the Internet, such as ease of access, security, privacy, reliability, cost, and quality of service, remain unresolved and may adversely impact the growth of Internet use. If Internet usage continues to increase rapidly, the Internet infrastructure may not be able to support the demands placed on it by this growth, and its performance and reliability may decline. The recent growth in Internet traffic has caused frequent periods of decreased performance, outages and delays. Although our larger institutional customers use leased data lines to communicate with us, our ability to increase the speed with which we provide services to consumers and to increase the scope and quality of such services is limited by and dependent upon the speed and reliability of our customers' access to the Internet, which is beyond our control. If periods of decreased performance, outages or delays on the Internet occur frequently or other critical issues concerning the Internet are not resolved, overall Internet usage or usage of our web based products could increase more slowly or decline, which would cause our business, results of operations and financial condition to be materially and adversely affected.

Our computer infrastructure may be vulnerable to security breaches. Any such problems could jeopardize confidential information transmitted over the Internet, cause interruptions in our operations or cause us to have liability to third persons.

              Our computer infrastructure is potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic computer break-ins, viruses and similar disruptive problems and security breaches. Any such problems or security breaches could cause us to have liability to one or more third parties and disrupt our operations. A party able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or customer information, jeopardize the confidential nature of information transmitted over the Internet or cause interruptions in our operations. Concerns over the security of Internet transactions and the privacy of users could also inhibit the growth of the Internet in general, particularly as a means of conducting commercial transactions. To the extent that our activities involve the storage and transmission of proprietary information such as personal financial information, security breaches could expose us to a risk of financial loss, litigation and other liabilities. Our current insurance program may protect us against some, but not all, of such losses. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights or may be prevented from using intellectual property necessary for our business.

              We rely primarily on trade secret, contract, copyright, trademark and patent law to protect our proprietary technology. It is possible that third parties may copy or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary technology without authorization or otherwise infringe on our rights. We may also face claims of infringement that could interfere with our ability to use technology that is material to our business operations.

              In the future, we may have to rely on litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets, determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Any such litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and the attention of management, any of which could negatively affect our business.

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Our future success will depend on our response to the demand for new services, products and technologies.

              The demand for market making services, particularly services that rely on electronic communications gateways, is characterized by:

      rapid technological change;

      changing customer demands;

      the need to enhance existing services and products or introduce new services and products; and

      evolving industry standards.

              New services, products and technologies may render our existing services, products and technologies less competitive. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to respond to the demand for new services, products and technologies on a timely and cost-effective basis and adapt to technological advancements and changing standards to address the increasingly sophisticated requirements and varied needs of our customers and prospective customers. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in developing, introducing or marketing new services, products and technologies. In addition, we may experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction or marketing of these services and products, and our new service and product enhancements may not achieve market acceptance. Any failure on our part to anticipate or respond adequately to technological advancements, customer requirements or changing industry standards, or any significant delays in the development, introduction or availability of new services, products or enhancements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

The expansion of our market making activities into forex-based products entails significant risk, and unforeseen events in such business could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

              We are in the process of entering into market making for forex-based products. This includes the trading of cash in foreign currencies with banks and exchange-listed futures, options on futures, options on cash deposits and currency-based ETFs. All of the risks that pertain to our market making activities in equity-based products also apply to our forex-based market making. In addition, we have very little experience in the forex markets and even though we are easing into this activity very slowly, any kind of unexpected event can occur that can result in great financial loss.

We are subject to counterparty risk whereby defaults by parties with whom we do business can have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

              In our electronic brokerage business, our customer margin credit exposure is to a great extent mitigated by our policy of automatically evaluating each account throughout the trading day and closing out positions automatically for accounts that are found to be under-margined. While this methodology is effective in most situations, it may not be effective in situations in which no liquid market exists for the relevant securities or commodities or in which, for any reason, automatic liquidation for certain accounts has been disabled. If no liquid market exists or automatic liquidation has been disabled, we are subject to risks inherent in extending credit, especially during periods of rapidly declining markets. Any loss or expense incurred due to defaults by our customers in failing to repay margin loans or to maintain adequate collateral for these loans would cause harm to our business.

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Risks Related to the Auction Process for This Offering

Potential investors should not expect to sell our shares for a profit shortly after our common stock begins trading.

              We will determine the initial public offering price for the shares sold in this offering through an auction conducted by the placement agents. We believe that the auction process will reveal a clearing price for the shares of our common stock offered in this offering. The clearing price is the highest price at which all of the shares offered may be sold to potential investors. Although the placement agents and we may elect to set the initial public offering price below the auction clearing price, the public offering price may be at or near the clearing price. If there is little to no demand for our shares at or above the initial public offering price once trading begins, the price of our shares would decline following the initial public offering. If your objective is to make a short-term profit by selling the shares you purchase in the offering shortly after trading begins, you should not submit a bid in the auction.

Some bids made at or above the initial public offering price may not receive an allocation of shares.

              The placement agents may require that bidders confirm their bids before the auction for the initial public offering closes. If a bidder is requested to confirm a bid and fails to do so within a required time frame, that bid will be rejected and will not receive an allocation of shares even if the bid is at or above the initial public offering price. Further, if the auction process leads to a pro rata reduction in allocated shares and a rounding down of share allocations pursuant to the rules of the auction, a bidder may not receive any shares in the offering despite having bid at or above the initial public offering price. In addition, we, in consultation with the placement agents, may determine, in our sole discretion, that some bids that are at or above the initial public offering price are manipulative of or disruptive to the bidding process, not creditworthy, or otherwise not in our best interest, in which case such bids may be rejected or reduced. For example, in previous transactions for other issuers in which the auction process was used, WR Hambrecht + Co has rejected or reduced bids when WR Hambrecht + Co, in its sole discretion, deemed the bids not creditworthy or had reason to question the bidder's intent or means to fund its bid. In the absence of other information, the placement agents or a participating dealer may assess a bidder's creditworthiness based solely on the bidder's history with the placement agents or a participating dealer. WR Hambrecht + Co has also rejected or reduced bids that it deemed, in its sole discretion, to be potentially manipulative or disruptive or because the bidder had a history of alleged securities law violations. Other conditions for valid bids, including eligibility and account funding requirements of participating dealers, may vary. As a result of these varying requirements, a bidder may have its bid rejected by the placement agents or a participating dealer while another bidder's identical bid is accepted.

Potential investors may receive a full allocation of the shares they bid for if their bids are successful and should not bid for more shares than they are prepared to purchase.

              If the initial public offering price is at or near the clearing price for the shares offered in this offering, the number of shares represented by successful bids will equal or nearly equal the number of shares offered by this prospectus. Successful bidders may therefore be allocated all or nearly all of the shares that they bid for in the auction. Therefore, we caution investors against submitting a bid that does not accurately represent the number of shares of our common stock that they are willing and prepared to purchase.


Other Risks Related To The Offering

The disparity in the voting rights among the classes of shares may exert downward pressure on the price of our common stock.

              Shares of our common stock and Class B common stock entitle the respective holders to identical rights, except that each share of our common stock will entitle its holder to one vote on all

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matters to be voted on by stockholders generally while each share of Class B common stock will entitle its holder to a greater number of votes. Initially, the holders of Class B common stock, in the aggregate, will be entitled to              votes. The difference in voting rights could exert downward pressure on the price of our common stock to the extent that investors view, or any potential future purchaser of our company views, the superior voting rights of the Class B common stock to have value.

Future sales of our common stock in the public market could lower our stock price, and any additional capital raised by us through the sale of equity or convertible securities may dilute your ownership in us.

              We intend to sell additional shares of common stock in subsequent public offerings on a regular basis, and will issue shares of common stock upon exchange of IBG Holdings LLC's membership interests. We may also issue additional shares of common stock or convertible debt securities to finance future acquisitions or business combinations. After the consummation of this offering, we will have              outstanding shares of common stock. This number includes all the shares of our common stock we are selling in this offering, which may be resold immediately in the public market.

              Thomas Peterffy, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer and the sole voting member and sole managing member of IBG Holdings LLC, and his affiliates will own approximately 85% of the economic interests in IBG Holdings LLC, which in turn is the 100% owner of our Class B common stock and an approximately 95% owner of IBG LLC. The members of IBG Holdings LLC have the right to exchange their membership interests in IBG LLC over time on a one-for-one basis for shares of our common stock as further described in the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure." Subject to selling restrictions described under "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" and "Plan of Distribution," in addition to such periodic exchanges, Mr. Peterffy and his affiliates could from time to time and for any reason exchange their IBG Holdings LLC membership interests ultimately for shares of our common stock and sell any or all of those shares.

              Mr. Peterffy and his affiliates will have the right to require us to effect the registration of shares of our common stock that they could acquire upon exchange of their IBG Holdings LLC membership interests ultimately for shares of our common stock. Other members of IBG Holdings LLC may be permitted to participate in such registrations. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our common stock, including by the members of IBG Holdings LLC, Mr. Peterffy and his affiliates, in particular, may have on the market price of our common stock. Sales or distributions of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued in connection with an acquisition), or the perception that such sales could occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Our internal controls over financial reporting may not be effective and our independent auditors may not be able to certify as to their effectiveness, which could have a significant and adverse effect on our business and reputation.

              We are evaluating our internal controls over financial reporting in order to allow management to report on, and our independent auditors to attest to, our internal controls over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, which we refer to as Section 404. We are in the process of documenting and testing our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and a report by our independent registered public accountants addressing these assessments. During the course of our testing, we may identify material weaknesses that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the deadline imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. We will be required to comply with the requirements of Section 404 for our year ending December 31, 2007. In addition, if we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal controls,

31



as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. We cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and any remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations. If we are not able to implement the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, our independent auditors may not be able to certify as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC. As a result, there could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. In addition, we may be required to incur costs in improving our internal control system and the hiring of additional personnel. Any such action could negatively affect our results of operations.

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

              The price you pay for shares of our common stock sold in this offering is substantially higher than the per share value of our net assets, after giving effect to this offering. Assuming an initial public offering price for our common shares of $              per share (the midpoint of the initial public offering price range indicated on the cover of this prospectus), you will incur immediate dilution in net tangible book value per share of $              . Dilution is the difference between the offering price per share and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the offering. See "Dilution."

              In addition, certain employees of IBG LLC currently hold Return on Investment Dollar Units (ROI Units) that entitle each holder thereof to accumulated earnings on the face value of the certificate representing his or her ROI Units. In connection with this offering, ROI Units may, at the employee's option, be converted into restricted shares of common stock in connection with this offering, which restricted shares would then vest over time assuming continued employment with IBG LLC and compliance with applicable covenants, thereby diluting the percentage ownership of IBG by unaffiliated public stockholders. Subsequent to this offering, non-cash compensation of employees will consist primarily of grants of restricted shares of our common stock. Such future grants of restricted shares would further dilute the percentage ownership of IBG LLC by unaffiliated public stockholders. See "Dilution," "Management—Return on Investment Dollar Units" and "Management—Employee Incentive Plan."

Our common stock price may fluctuate after this offering. As a result, you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid for them.

              Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. An active market may not develop following completion of this offering or, if developed, may not be maintained. The initial public offering price may not be indicative of the price at which our common stock will trade following completion of this offering. The market price of our common stock may be subject to sharp declines and volatility in market price. The market price of our common stock may also be influenced by many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

      the failure of securities analysts to cover our common stock after this offering or changes in financial estimates or recommendations by analysts;

      future announcements concerning us or our competitors, including the announcement of acquisitions;

      changes in government regulations or in the status of our regulatory approvals or licensure;

      public perceptions of risks associated with our services or operations; and

      general market conditions and other factors that may be unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors.

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              As a result, you may not be able to sell shares of our common stock at prices equal to or greater than the price you paid in this offering.

There is no existing market for our common stock and we do not know if one will develop to provide you with adequate liquidity.

              There has not been a public market for our common stock. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in our company will lead to the development of an active trading market on The NASDAQ Global Select Market or otherwise or how liquid that market might become. If an active trading market does not develop, you may have difficulty selling any of our common stock that you buy.

Certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation may prevent efforts by our stockholders to change our direction or management.

              Provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so might be beneficial to our stockholders. For example, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of unissued series of preferred stock, without any vote or action by our stockholders. We could issue a series of preferred stock that could impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. These provisions may discourage potential acquisition proposals and may delay, deter or prevent a change of control of us, including through transactions, and, in particular, unsolicited transactions, that some or all of our stockholders might consider to be desirable. As a result, efforts by our stockholders to change our direction or management may be unsuccessful.

We may not pay dividends on our common stock at any time in the foreseeable future.

              As a holding company for our interest in IBG LLC, we will be dependent upon the ability of IBG LLC to generate earnings and cash flows and distribute them to us so that we may pay any dividends to our stockholders. To the extent (if any) that we have excess cash, any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial conditions, cash requirement, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. We have made no determination as to whether to pay dividends on our common stock at any time in the foreseeable future.

We will incur increased costs as a result of having publicly traded common stock.

              We will incur significant legal, accounting, reporting and other expenses as a result of having publicly traded common stock that we do not currently incur. We also anticipate that we will incur costs associated with recently adopted corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, as well as rules implemented by the SEC and The NASDAQ Global Select Market. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We also expect these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, we may experience more difficulty attracting and retaining qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of these requirements or the timing of such costs. IBG LLC will pay all the expenses we may incur in connection with being a public company.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

              This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words "may," "could," "would," "should," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "plan," "estimate," "target," "project," "intend" and similar expressions. These statements include, among others, statements regarding our expected business outlook, anticipated financial and operating results, our business strategy and means to implement the strategy, our objectives, the amount and timing of capital expenditures, the likelihood of our success in expanding our business, financing plans, budgets, working capital needs and sources of liquidity.

              Forward-looking statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of performance. These statements are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions, which in turn are based on currently available information. Important assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements include, among others, assumptions regarding demand for our products, the expansion of product offerings geographically or through new applications, the timing and cost of planned capital expenditures, competitive conditions and general economic conditions. These assumptions could prove inaccurate. Forward-looking statements also involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results that differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Many of these factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

      general economic conditions in the markets where we operate;

      increased industry competition and downward pressures on bid/offer spreads and electronic brokerage commissions;

      risks inherent to the electronic market making and brokerage businesses;

      failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights in our proprietary technology;

      our ability to keep up with rapid technological change;

      system failures and disruptions;

      non-performance of third-party vendors;

      conflicts of interest and other risks due to our ownership and holding company structure;

      the loss of key executives and failure to recruit and retain qualified personnel;

      the risks associated with the expansion of our business;

      our possible inability to integrate any businesses we acquire;

      competitive pressures;

      compliance with laws and regulations, including those relating to the securities industry; and

      other factors discussed under "Risk Factors" or elsewhere in this prospectus.

              Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we are under no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after we distribute this prospectus. Potential investors should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Before you invest in our common stock, you should be aware that the occurrence of the events described in the "Risk Factors" section and elsewhere in this prospectus could harm our business, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results or performance.

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THE RECAPITALIZATION TRANSACTIONS AND OUR ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Overview

              We have historically conducted our business through a limited liability company structure. In order to have a Delaware corporation as the issuer for our initial public offering, immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, IBG LLC and its members will consummate a series of transactions described below, which we collectively refer to as the "Recapitalization." After completion of the Recapitalization, our primary assets will be our ownership of approximately 5% of the membership interests of IBG LLC, the Connecticut limited liability company that is the current holding company for our businesses, and our controlling interest and related contractual rights as the sole managing member of IBG LLC. The remaining approximately 95% of IBG LLC membership interests after completion of this offering will be held by IBG Holdings LLC, a holding company that will be owned by the current members of IBG LLC. The IBG LLC membership interests held by IBG Holdings LLC will be effectively exchangeable over time on a one-for-one basis for shares of our common stock, as described below.

Recapitalization

              Our business is presently conducted by subsidiaries of IBG LLC, which currently is approximately 85% owned by Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates. In November 2006, we were incorporated as a Delaware corporation. We have not engaged in any business or other activities except in connection with its formation. The Recapitalization will result in the current members of IBG LLC becoming the sole members of IBG Holdings LLC, and will establish us as the sole managing member of IBG LLC. The completion of the Recapitalization is a condition to this offering.

              As a result of the Recapitalization, immediately following this offering and the application of net proceeds from this offering:

      IBG will be the sole managing member of IBG LLC;

      we and IBG Holdings LLC will own approximately 5% and 95%, respectively, of the membership interests in IBG LLC;

      Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates will own approximately 85% of the membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC, and management and other employees of IBG LLC will own substantially all of the remaining membership interests;

      outstanding shares of our Class A common stock, all of which will have been sold pursuant to this offering, will represent more than 99.999% of our outstanding capital stock based on economic value (which, as used herein, refers to the right to share in dividend distributions and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up);

      outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, all of which will be owned by IBG Holdings LLC, will represent less than 0.001% of our outstanding capital stock based on economic value;

      outstanding shares of our Class B common stock will represent approximately 95% of the combined voting power of all shares of our capital stock, which percentage will decrease proportionately to the extent that IBG Holdings LLC owns a smaller percentage of IBG LLC; and

      Thomas Peterffy will own all of the voting membership interests, and Mr. Peterffy and his affiliates will own a majority of the overall membership interests, in IBG Holdings LLC and, accordingly, will beneficially own all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock. As a result, Mr. Peterffy will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders.

              If at any time in the future Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates own less than a majority of the membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC, then at such time all membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC will become voting membership interests. Accordingly, all members of IBG Holdings LLC, instead of Mr. Peterffy alone, would together direct the voting of our Class B common stock, and all such members would together exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders.

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              The graphic below illustrates our anticipated ownership structure immediately following completion of this offering, including the subsidiaries of IBG LLC.

GRAPHIC

36


Holding Company Structure

              We will be a holding company and, immediately after the consummation of the Recapitalization, our primary assets will be our approximately 5% equity interest in IBG LLC, and our controlling interest and related rights as the sole managing member of IBG LLC. Our only business following this offering will be to act as the sole managing member of IBG LLC, and, as such, we will operate and control all of the business and affairs of IBG LLC and will be able to consolidate IBG LLC's financial results into our financial statements. IBG Holdings LLC's ownership interests in IBG LLC will be accounted for as a minority interest in our consolidated financial results after this offering. Net profits, net losses and distributions of IBG LLC will be allocated and made to its members pro rata in accordance with the respective percentages of their equity interests in IBG LLC. Accordingly, net profits and net losses of IBG LLC will initially be allocated, and distributions by IBG LLC will initially be made, approximately 5% to us and approximately 95% to IBG Holdings LLC.

              As the result of a federal income tax election made by IBG LLC applicable to our acquisition of IBG LLC interests, the income tax basis of the assets of IBG LLC underlying the interests we acquire will be adjusted based upon the amount that we have paid for our IBG LLC interests. This increase in tax basis will result in increased depreciation and other tax deductions that will be allocated solely for our benefit and will be taken into account in reporting our taxable income. We have entered into an agreement with IBG Holdings LLC to pay IBG Holdings LLC (for the benefit of the current members of IBG LLC) 85% of the tax savings that we actually realize as the result of this basis increase. We will retain the remaining 15% of such tax savings. See "Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement."

              As a member of IBG LLC, we will incur U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on our allocable share of any net taxable income of IBG LLC. As authorized by the amended and restated limited liability company agreement pursuant to which IBG LLC will be governed, we intend to cause IBG LLC to continue to distribute cash on a pro rata basis to its members at least to the extent necessary to provide funds to pay the members' tax liabilities, if any, with respect to the earnings of IBG LLC.

Voting

              Each share of our common stock will entitle its holder to one vote per share. Immediately after this offering, our Class B common stock will have approximately 95% of the voting power of our company, which percentage will decrease proportionately to the extent that IBG Holdings LLC owns a smaller percentage of IBG LLC. Initially, Thomas Peterffy will own all of the voting membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC upon consummation of this offering. Accordingly, Mr. Peterffy will beneficially own all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock and will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders, including the election of our directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions, our dividend policy and our access to capital.

              If at any time in the future Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates own less than a majority of the membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC, then at such time all membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC will become voting membership interests. Accordingly, all members of IBG Holdings LLC, instead of Mr. Peterffy alone, would together direct the voting of the shares of our Class B common stock, and all such members would together exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders.

Exchange and Redemption of Membership Interests

              In connection with the Recapitalization, the current members of IBG LLC will receive membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC. Approximately 94% of the pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests are unrestricted as of the date of this offering, and the remaining approximately 6% are

37



restricted by virtue of being subject to a risk of forfeiture based on compliance with a non-competition covenant.

      Unrestricted Interests

              The unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests generally will be effectively exchangeable for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis over time, subject to anti-dilution adjustments based on combinations or divisions of our common stock under the circumstances set forth in the exchange and registration rights agreement described below. All such exchanges will be made in connection with an underwritten offering of common stock or otherwise pursuant to binding agreements to sell, such that all shares of common stock issuable upon such exchanges will be immediately sold into the public markets to parties other than members of IBG Holdings LLC, and the current members of IBG Holdings LLC will not directly own our shares of common stock as a result of these exchanges. We currently anticipate that such optional exchanges and sales will take place on a periodic basis, initially expected to be approximately annually, commencing one year after the consummation of this offering.

              In connection with this offering, members of IBG Holdings LLC owning an aggregate of approximately 6% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests have agreed to limit the exchange of such interests for shares of our common stock over time in these periodic exchanges so that such interests will, in effect, be subject to exchange for shares of our common stock (and immediate concurrent sale of such shares into the public markets) as follows (all dates are approximate and subject to the prior or concurrent registration of the shares of common stock issuable upon exchange and concurrent sale of such shares into the public markets):

      10% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests in this offering;

      an additional 25% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on each of the first three anniversaries of this offering; and

      the remaining 15% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on the fourth anniversary of this offering.

              Members of IBG Holdings LLC owning an aggregate of approximately 88% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests, including Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates, are not subject to the foregoing limitations with respect to such interests.

              As the result of the exchange of an unrestricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interest for a share of our common stock (and immediate concurrent sale of such share into the public markets), we will receive an additional interest in IBG LLC and, for federal income tax purposes, an adjustment to the federal income tax basis of the assets of IBG LLC underlying such additional interest. We intend to enter into a tax receivable agreement with IBG Holdings LLC that will provide for the payment by us to IBG Holdings LLC of 85% of the cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of these increases in tax basis and of certain other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. While the actual amount and timing of any payments under this agreement will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that, as a result of the size of the increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of IBG LLC and its subsidiaries, the payments that we may make to IBG Holdings LLC could be substantial. If the unrestricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests had been effectively exchanged in a taxable transaction for common stock at the time of the closing of this offering, the increase in the tax basis

38



attributable to our interest in IBG LLC would have been approximately $     billion, including the increase in tax basis associated with our purchase of IBG LLC membership interests and the Recapitalization. Subject to the limitations discussed below, this increased tax basis is expected to result in tax benefits as a result of increased depreciation or amortization deductions. We will retain 15% of the tax benefits actually realized. The actual amount of tax benefits that we realize (measured by a reduction in taxes otherwise payable by us) will depend upon multiple factors, including the tax rate applicable to us at the time. In addition, if either immediately before any such exchange or immediately after the concurrent sale of our stock issued in the exchange, the IBG Holdings LLC members own or are deemed to own, in the aggregate, more than 20% of our outstanding stock, then all or part of any amortized increase in the tax basis of goodwill may not be amortizable and, thus, our ability to realize the tax benefits that otherwise would have resulted if such tax basis were amortizable may be significantly reduced. See "Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement."

              IBG Holdings LLC, with the consent of Thomas Peterffy, its sole manager, and our board of directors, also has the right to cause the holders of unrestricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests to exchange all remaining membership interests for shares of our common stock (and concurrent sale of such shares into the public markets) under certain circumstances. Upon full exchange of the IBG Holdings LLC interests for shares of our common stock, the Class B common stock would cease to be outstanding, and all of the IBG LLC membership interests formerly owned by IBG Holdings LLC would be owned by us.

      Restricted Interests

              With regard to the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests, such interests would continue to remain restricted and subject to a non-competition covenant upon exchange into IBG Holdings LLC membership interests in connection with the Recapitalization. The restrictions with respect to such restricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests would then lapse ratably on the following schedule:

      10% of the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on the fourth anniversary of this offering;

      25% of the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on each of the fifth, sixth and seventh anniversaries of this offering; and

      15% of the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on the eighth anniversary of this offering.

              If a holder of restricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests breaches the non-competition covenant, all interests that remain subject to the restriction would be immediately forfeited.

              While the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests will not be directly exchangeable for shares of our common stock, we may sell shares of our common stock to the public as the restrictions lapse from the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests in order to redeem IBG LLC membership interests from IBG Holdings LLC, and we would expect IBG Holdings LLC to use the proceeds it receives from such redemptions to redeem IBG Holdings LLC membership interests from the holders of the restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests so that they may pay taxes incurred from the compensation income attributable to them upon lapse of the restriction.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

              The net proceeds from the sale of the              shares of common stock offered by us will be approximately $                           million, after deducting the placement agency fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

              The primary purposes of this offering are to:

      diversify the ownership of IBG LLC's business;

      raise IBG LLC's profile for competitive reasons;

      create a public market for our common stock; and

      facilitate future access to public markets.

              We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to purchase membership interests in IBG LLC from the members of IBG LLC. The following table illustrates the expected application of the gross proceeds from this offering as described above.

Gross proceeds from offering   $  
  Placement agency fee   $  
  Offering expenses   $  
Net proceeds   $  
   
  Acquisition of membership interests in IBG LLC from its members   $  

              The following is a listing of our directors and executive officers expected to receive net proceeds from this offering in connection with their sale of membership interests in IBG LLC:

Name

  Title
  Amount

Thomas Peterffy

 

Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President

 

$

 

Earl H. Nemser

 

Vice Chairman and Director

 

$

 

Paul J. Brody

 

Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Director

 

$

 

Thomas A.J. Frank

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer

 

$

 

Milan Galik

 

Senior Vice President, Software Development and Director

 

$

 

Directors and executive officers as a group

 

$

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

              We have made no determination as to whether to pay any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Because we may not pay any dividends, you may need to sell your shares of common stock to realize your return on your investment, and you may not be able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for them.

              As a holding company for our interest in IBG LLC, our ability to pay dividends is subject to the ability of IBG LLC to provide cash to us through distributions of amounts in excess of our expenses of operations. In accordance with the amended and restated limited liability company agreement pursuant to which IBG LLC will be governed, we, as the managing member of IBG LLC, expect to cause IBG LLC to make distributions to its members, including us, to the extent necessary to enable such members to pay taxes incurred with respect to their allocable shares of taxable income of IBG LLC. Any distributions by IBG LLC in excess of such tax distributions, and the declaration and payment of any future dividends by us, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on IBG LLC's strategic plans, financial results and condition, contractual, legal, financial and regulatory restrictions on distributions (including the ability of IBG LLC to make distributions under the covenants in its senior secured revolving credit facility and senior notes), capital requirements, business prospects and such other factors as our board of directors, in exercising our authority as managing member of IBG LLC, considers to be relevant to such determination.

              IBG LLC is taxable as a partnership and we are taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, as a member and owner of an interest in IBG LLC, we are subject to tax on our allocable share of taxable income of IBG LLC, whether or not such income is distributed to us. Holders of our common stock will not be taxed directly on the earnings of IBG LLC. In general, any distributions of cash or other property that we pay to our stockholders will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially adversely affect our actual results of operations and our ability to pay any dividends, see "Risk Factors," including "Risk Factors—We may not pay dividends on our common stock at any time in the foreseeable future."

41



CAPITALIZATION

              The following table sets forth:

      the capitalization of IBG LLC on an actual basis as of September 30, 2006; and

      the capitalization of IBG on a pro forma as adjusted basis, giving effect to (1) the Recapitalization as if it had occurred on September 30, 2006, (2) the sale of               shares of our common stock in this offering and (3) our receipt of the estimated $                       million in net proceeds from this offering, after deducting the placement agency fee and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and the application of those net proceeds to acquire membership interests in IBG LLC, as described under "Use of Proceeds."

              You should read the unaudited financial information in this table together with the "Use of Proceeds," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Description of Capital Stock" and our historical consolidated financial statements and our unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements, along with the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  As of September 30, 2006
 
  Actual
  Pro Forma
 
  (in millions)

Long-term debt:          
  Senior secured revolving credit facility(1)   $150.0   $  
  Senior notes   143.7      
   
     
  Total long-term debt   293.7      
Minority interest        
Redeemable members' interest(2)   2,639.2      
Stockholders' equity(3)          
  Common stock—Class A, $0.01 par value: no shares authorized, issued or outstanding, actual;                             shares authorized and                   issued and outstanding pro forma as adjusted        
  Common stock—Class B, $0.01 par value: no shares authorized, issued or outstanding, actual; 100 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted authorized        
  Paid-in capital(4)        
  Accumulated other comprehensive income        
   
 
    Total stockholders' equity        
   
 
    Total capitalization(4)   $2,932.9   $  
   
 

(1)
On May 19, 2006, IBG LLC entered into a $300.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, on which facility $150.0 million has been drawn and is outstanding as of September 30, 2006.

(2)
Redeemable members' interests represent member interests in IBG LLC that are entitled to share in the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC. IBG LLC is a private entity owned by the members holding such member interests. As a private company, such amounts were classified historically as members' capital. For presentation purposes, IBG LLC has applied guidance within EITF D-98 which requires securities or equity interests of a company whose redemption is outside the control of the company to be classified outside of permanent capital in the statement of financial condition. The member interests in IBG LLC can be redeemed by the members at book value at their option. Because this redemption right is deemed to be outside the control of the company, IBG LLC has reclassified all members' capital outside of permanent capital to redeemable members' interests in the consolidated statement of financial condition. Such reclassification was made to comply with EITF D-98 and the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. Redeemable members' interests include accumulated other comprehensive income.

(3)
Excludes (i) the restricted shares of our common stock that are to be issued upon conversion of Return on Investment Dollar Units in connection with the Recapitalization, and (ii) the restricted shares of our common stock that are issuable in the future pursuant to post offering equity incentive grants. See "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure" and "Management—Return on Investment Dollar Units" and "—Employee Incentive Plan."

(4)
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $              per share would increase (decrease) each of paid-in capital and total capitalization by $        million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated placement agency fee and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us.

42



DILUTION

              Purchasers of shares of common stock in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock from the initial public offering price. Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding. Dilution in net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share that you pay in this offering and the net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering. Our net tangible book value at September 30, 2006 was approximately $2.639 billion, or $        per share. Our pro forma net tangible book value at September 30, 2006, after giving effect to the Recapitalization, was $        billion, or $        per share of our common stock, assuming the members of IBG Holdings LLC exchanged all of their IBG Holdings LLC membership interests into        shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, as of the date of this offering. Pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding.

              After giving effect to our sale of        shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $       per share, the midpoint of the range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, and after deducting the placement agency fee and estimated offering expenses, our pro forma net tangible book value after this offering would have been $        million, or $       per share, assuming the members of IBG Holdings LLC exchanged all of their IBG Holdings LLC membership interests into       shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, as of the date of this offering. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $       per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $       per share to investors purchasing our common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:

 
   
  Per Share
Initial public offering price per share         $  
  Pro forma net tangible book value per share at September 30, 2006   $        
  Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors purchasing shares in this offering   $        
   
     
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering         $  
         
Dilution per share to new investors            
         

              The following table summarizes on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 2006, after giving effect to this offering, the total number of shares of common stock purchased from us and the total consideration and the average price per share paid by existing holders and by investors participating in this offering, assuming the members of IBG Holdings LLC exchanged all of their IBG Holdings LLC membership interests into              shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, as of the date of this offering:

 
  Shares Purchased
  Total Consideration
   
 
  Average Price
Per Share

 
  Number
  Percent
  Amount
  Percent
Existing holders       95 % $       % $  
New investors       5 %         %    
   
 
 
 
 
  Total       100 % $     100 % $  
   
 
 
 
 

              The number of shares of our common stock outstanding after the offering as shown above is based on the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2006, and excludes (i) the restricted shares of our common stock that are to be issued upon conversion of ROI Units in connection with the Recapitalization, and (ii) the restricted shares of our common stock that are issuable in the future pursuant to post offering equity incentive grants. See "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure" and "Management—Return on Investment Dollar Units" and "—Employee Incentive Plan."

43



UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

              The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 is derived from IBG LLC's historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

              The unaudited pro forma consolidated income statements for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the nine months ended September 30, 2006 give pro forma effect to (1) the Recapitalization and (2) the consummation of this offering and our application of the net proceeds from this offering to purchase membership interests in IBG LLC from its members as though such transactions had occurred on January 1, 2005.

              As a result of the Recapitalization, we will become the sole managing member of IBG LLC and, as such, will continue to operate and control all of the business and affairs of IBG LLC and its subsidiaries and will be able to consolidate IBG LLC's financial results into our financial statements. In light of Thomas Peterffy's and his affiliates' approximately 85% aggregate ownership interest in IBG Holdings LLC, we will reflect such ownership interest as a minority interest in our statement of financial condition and statement of income. Our historical results will be those of IBG LLC. As a result, our net income, after excluding Mr. Peterffy's minority interest, will represent approximately 5% of IBG LLC's net income, and similarly, outstanding shares of our common stock will represent approximately 5% of the outstanding membership units of IBG LLC.

              The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements reflect pro forma adjustments that are described in the accompanying notes and are based on available information and certain assumptions we believe are reasonable, but are subject to change. We have made, in our opinion, all adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the pro forma financial data. The unaudited pro forma financial data is presented for informational purposes only and should not be considered indicative of actual results of operations that would have been achieved had the Recapitalization and this offering been consummated on the dates indicated and do not purport to be indicative of balance sheet data or results of operations as of any future date or for any future period.

44



Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Income

 
  Year Ended December 31, 2005
 
 
  Historical
  Adjustments
  Pro Forma
 
Consolidated Statement of Income Data:

  (in millions)

 
Revenues:                
  Trading gains   $640.4   $   $640.4  
  Commissions and execution fees   132.1       132.1  
  Interest income   271.7       271.7  
  Other income   54.9       54.9  
   
 
 
 
   
Total revenues

 

1,099.1

 

 


 

1,099.1

 
 
Interest expense

 

161.7

 

 


 

161.7

 
   
 
 
 
 
Total net revenues

 

937.4

 

 


 

937.4

 

Non-interest expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Execution and clearing   223.3       223.3  
  Employee compensation and benefits   90.2       90.2  
  Occupancy, depreciation and amortization   20.4       20.4  
  Communications   10.4       10.4  
  General and administrative(1)   23.8     0.1   23.9  
   
 
 
 
   
Total non-interest expenses

 

368.1

 

 

0.1

 

368.2

 
   
 
 
 

Income before income tax and minority interest

 

569.3

 

 

(0.1

)

569.2

 
Income tax expense(3)(4)   33.8     7.9   41.7  
Minority interest(2)       (508.7 ) (508.7 )
   
 
 
 

Net income

 

$535.5

 

$

(516.7

)

$18.8

 
   
 
 
 
 
  Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006
 
 
  Historical
  Adjustments
  Pro Forma
 
Consolidated Statement of Income Data:

  (in millions)

 
Revenues:                
  Trading gains   $631.1   $   $631.1  
  Commissions and execution fees   128.0       128.0  
  Interest income   475.2       475.2  
  Other income   65.9       65.9  
   
 
 
 
   
Total revenues

 

1,300.2

 

 


 

1,300.2

 
 
Interest expense

 

331.2

 

 


 

331.2

 
   
 
 
 
   
Total net revenues

 

969.0

 

 


 

969.0

 

Non-interest expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Execution and clearing   240.6       240.6  
  Employee compensation and benefits   84.1       84.1  
  Occupancy, depreciation and amortization   16.8       16.8  
  Communications   9.1       9.1  
  General and administrative(1)   18.5     0.1   18.6  
   
 
 
 
   
Total non-interest expenses

 

369.1

 

 

0.1

 

369.2

 
   
 
 
 

Income before income tax and minority interest

 

599.9

 

 

(0.1

)

599.8

 
Income tax expense(3)(4)   21.6     10.0   31.6  
Minority interest(2)       (549.4 ) (549.4 )
   
 
 
 

Net income

 

$578.3

 

$

(559.5

)

$18.8

 
   
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of income.

45



Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statements of Income

Represents
adjustments to reflect the following:

(1)
Gives effect to Delaware franchise taxes that will be payable, estimated at $0.125 million annually.

(2)
Gives effect to the 95% interest in IBG LLC that IBG Holdings LLC will have after the Recapitalization and this offering.

(3)
The unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of income give effect to the increase in tax basis over book value of our 5% investment in IBG LLC. The effect of this increase in tax basis, to be amortized into taxable income over 15 years, is to reduce current income tax expense (see footnote 4) that would have been incurred by us on our 5% share of consolidated taxable income, using Federal and Connecticut income tax rates of 35% and 7.5%, respectively. Based on the valuation of our investment, annual amortization of $18.3 million would have substantially offset the expected federal taxable income of $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, resulting in $0.6 million in additional current income tax expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, expected taxable income of $27.0 million would have been partially offset by amortization of $14.0 million, resulting in $4.5 million of additional current income tax expense. These reductions of current income tax expense will be substantially offset by increased deferred income tax expense (see footnote 4).

(4)
Gives effect to a deferred tax asset of $109.7 million arising from the acquisition of the 5% member interest in IBG LLC (see footnote 3 above). The deferred tax asset is to be amortized over 15 years. Additional deferred income tax expense of $7.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively, are reflected in the pro forma statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. $93.2 million (85%) of tax savings realized by us will be paid to IBG Holdings LLC, with the remaining $16.5 million recorded as a permanent increase to paid-in capital.

46



Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition

As of September 30, 2006

 
  Historical
  Adjustments
  Pro Forma
 
  (in millions)

Assets                  
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 662.2   $   $ 662.2
Cash and securities—segregated for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing organizations     2,664.1         2,664.1
Securities borrowed     11,352.6         11,352.6
Securities purchased under agreements to resell            
Trading assets, at market:                  
  Securities owned     6,726.0         6,726.0
  Securities owned and pledged as collateral     8,799.2         8,799.2
   
 
 
      15,525.2         15,525.2

Other receivables:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Customers     774.6         774.6
  Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations     1,029.3         1,029.3
  Interest     59.5         59.5
   
 
 
      1,863.4         1,863.4

Secured demand note receivable, collateralized by marketable securities

 

 

5.2

 

 


 

 

5.2
Other assets(1)     115.0     96.9     211.9
   
 
 
  Total assets   $ 32,187.7   $ 96.9   $ 32,284.6
   
 
 

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Liabilities                  
Trading liabilities—securities sold but not yet purchased, at market   $ 15,286.4   $   $ 15,286.4
Securities loaned     8,617.2         8,617.2
Short-term borrowings     980.2         980.2
Other payables:                  
  Customers     3,457.2         3,457.2
  Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations     694.5         694.5
  Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(1)(2)(3)(4)     169.8     98.1     267.9
  Interest     44.3         44.3
   
 
 
      4,365.8     98.1     4,463.9

Senior secured revolving credit facility

 

 

150.0

 

 


 

 

150.0
Senior notes payable     143.7         143.7
Liabilities subordinated to claims of general creditors     5.2         5.2
Minority interest(3)(5)         2,507.7     2,507.7
Redeemable members' interests
(including accumulated other comprehensive income of $79.3)(6)
    2,639.2     (2,639.2 )  
   
 
 

Stockholders' equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Accumulated other comprehensive income(5)         4.0     4.0
  Stockholders' equity(1)(2)(4)(5)         126.3     126.3
   
 
 
  Total stockholders' equity         130.3     130.3
   
 
 
  Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 32,187.7   $ 96.9   $ 32,284.6
   
 
 

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of financial condition.

47



Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition

Represents
adjustments to reflect the following:

(1)
Gives effect to a deferred tax asset of $109.7 million arising from the acquisition of the 5% member interest in IBG LLC (see footnote 2 below). The deferred tax asset is to be amortized over 15 years. Additional deferred income tax expense of $7.3 million and $5.5 million, respectively, are reflected in the pro forma statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. $93.2 million (85%) of tax savings realized by us will be paid to IBG Holdings LLC, with the remaining $16.5 million recorded as a permanent increase to paid-in capital.

(2)
The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of financial condition gives effect to the increase in tax basis over book value of our 5% investment in IBG LLC. The effect of this increase in tax basis, to be amortized into taxable income over 15 years, is to reduce current income tax expense (see footnote 1) that would have been incurred by us on our 5% share of consolidated taxable income, using Federal and Connecticut income tax rates of 35% and 7.5%, respectively. Based on the valuation of our investment, annual amortization of $18.3 million would have substantially offset the expected federal taxable income of $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, resulting in $0.6 million in additional current income tax expense. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2006, expected taxable income of $27.0 million would have been partially offset by amortization of $14.0 million, resulting in $4.5 million of additional current income tax expense. These reductions of current income tax expense will be substantially offset by increased deferred income tax expense (see footnote 1).

(3)
Existing minority interest of $0.5 million at September 30, 2006 was reported in other liabilities in our historical financial statements and has been reclassified to minority interest in our pro forma consolidated statement of financial condition.

(4)
Gives effect to Delaware franchise taxes that will be payable, estimated at $0.125 million annually.

(5)
Gives effect to the 95% interest in IBG LLC that IBG Holdings LLC will have after the Recapitalization and this offering.

(6)
Gives effect to the elimination of redeemable members' interest of IBG LLC.

Redeemable members' interests represent member interests in IBG LLC that are entitled to share in the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC. IBG LLC is a private entity owned by the members holding such member interests. As a private company, such amounts were classified historically as members' capital. For presentation purposes, IBG LLC has applied guidance within EITF D-98 which requires securities or equity interests of a company whose redemption is outside the control of the company to be classified outside of permanent capital in the statement of financial condition. The member interests in IBG LLC can be redeemed by the members at book value at their option. Because this redemption right is deemed to be outside the control of the company, IBG LLC has reclassified all members' capital outside of permanent capital to redeemable members' interests in the consolidated statement of financial condition. Such reclassification was made to comply with EITF D-98 and the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act.

48



SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

              The following tables set forth selected historical consolidated financial and other data of IBG LLC as of the dates and for the periods indicated. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 have been derived from IBG LLC's audited consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2004 and 2005 and the audited consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 which are included elsewhere in this prospectus. The historical consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 and the consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 are not included in this prospectus.

              The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006 have been derived from the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of IBG LLC which are included elsewhere in this prospectus. The interim information was prepared on a basis consistent with that used in preparing our audited consolidated financial statements of IBG LLC and includes all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring items, that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the unaudited periods. The historical consolidated results for the nine month period ended September 30, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2006.

              For all periods presented, IBG LLC has operated in the United States as a limited liability company that was treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, IBG LLC has not been subject to U.S. federal income taxes on its income. Upon the consummation of this offering, we will be subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes applicable to a corporation.

              You should read the following selected historical consolidated financial and other data in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of

49



Operations," "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data" and the IBG LLC historical consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  Year Ended December 31,
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
  2001
  2002
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
  (in millions)

Consolidated Statement of Income Data:                                          
Revenues:                                          
  Trading gains   $ 596.0   $ 472.2   $ 488.4   $ 423.2   $ 640.4   $ 471.9   $ 631.1
  Commissions and execution fees     43.7     64.0     93.0     112.0     132.1     96.1     128.0
  Interest income     65.8     55.2     59.3     78.9     271.7     166.4     475.2
  Other income     11.4     7.5     10.4     7.6     54.9     37.7     65.9
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
Total revenues

 

 

716.9

 

 

598.9

 

 

651.1

 

 

621.7

 

 

1,099.1

 

 

772.1

 

 

1,300.2
 
Interest expense

 

 

45.6

 

 

32.6

 

 

34.6

 

 

50.9

 

 

161.7

 

 

96.6

 

 

331.2
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total net revenues

 

 

671.3

 

 

566.3

 

 

616.5

 

 

570.8

 

 

937.4

 

 

675.5

 

 

969.0

Non-interest expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Execution and clearing     89.0     105.5     138.8     159.3     223.3     160.9     240.6
  Employee compensation and benefits     56.8     64.7     73.5     79.1     90.2     68.6     84.1
  Occupancy, depreciation and amortization     10.7     12.6     13.7     16.4     20.4     15.0     16.8
  Communications     6.3     7.8     7.5     9.0     10.4     7.7     9.1
  General and administrative     17.1     29.1     18.2     17.0     23.8     16.4     18.5
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total non-interest expenses

 

 

179.9

 

 

219.7

 

 

251.7

 

 

280.8

 

 

368.1

 

 

268.6

 

 

369.1
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Income before income tax

 

 

491.4

 

 

346.6

 

 

364.8

 

 

290.0

 

 

569.3

 

 

406.9

 

 

599.9
Income tax expense     16.2     21.3     19.9     19.6     33.8     27.4     21.6
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net income

 

$

475.2

 

$

325.3

 

$

344.9

 

$

270.4

 

$

535.5

 

$

379.5

 

$

578.3
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  December 31,
  September 30,
 
  2001
  2002
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
  (in millions)

Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition Data:                                          
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments(1)   $ 581.4   $ 966.7   $ 1,390.8   $ 1,844.5   $ 2,741.9   $ 2,356.7   $ 3,759.8
Total assets(2)   $ 5,815.6   $ 7,735.9   $ 10,811.6   $ 15,060.4   $ 24,292.2   $ 20,183.7   $ 32,187.7
Total liabilities, excluding redeemable members' interests   $ 4,888.0   $ 6,476.6   $ 9,255.1   $ 13,261.9   $ 22,118.0   $ 18,143.1   $ 29,548.5
Redeemable members' interests(3)   $ 927.6   $ 1,259.3   $ 1,556.5   $ 1,798.5   $ 2,174.2   $ 2,040.6   $ 2,639.2

(1)
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments represent cash and cash equivalents, cash and securities segregated under federal and other regulations, short-term investments, U.S. and foreign government obligations and securities purchased under agreements to resell.

(2)
At September 30, 2006, approximately $32.0 billion, or 99.4%, of total assets were considered to be liquid and consisted primarily of marketable securities.

(3)
Redeemable members' interests represent member interests in IBG LLC that are entitled to share in the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC. IBG LLC is a private entity owned by the members holding such member interests. As a private company, such amounts were classified historically as members' capital. For presentation purposes, IBG LLC has applied guidance within EITF D-98 which requires securities or equity interests of a company whose redemption is outside the control of the company to be classified outside of permanent capital in the statement of financial condition. The member interests in IBG LLC can be redeemed by the members at book value at their option. Because this redemption right is deemed to be outside the control of the company, IBG LLC has reclassified all members' capital outside of permanent capital to redeemable members' interests in the consolidated statement of financial condition. Such reclassification was made to comply with EITF D-98 and the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. Redeemable members' interests include accumulated other comprehensive income.

50



MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

              The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the "Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data," and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following discussion contains, in addition to historical information, forward-looking statements that include risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Overview

      Background

              We are an automated global electronic market maker and broker specializing in routing orders and executing and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments as a member of more than 60 electronic exchanges and trading venues around the world. Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions. The advent of electronic exchanges in the last 16 years has provided us with the opportunity to integrate our software with an increasing number of exchanges and trading venues into one automatically functioning, computerized platform that requires minimal human intervention.

      Overview of Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure

              We have historically conducted our business through a limited liability company structure. In order to have a Delaware corporation as the issuer for our initial public offering, immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, IBG LLC and its members will consummate a series of transactions described below, which we collectively refer to as the "Recapitalization." After completion of the Recapitalization, our primary assets will be our ownership of approximately 5% of the membership interests of IBG LLC, the Connecticut limited liability company that is the current holding company for our businesses, and our controlling interest and related contractual rights as the sole managing member of IBG LLC. The remaining approximately 95% of IBG LLC membership interests after completion of this offering will be held by IBG Holdings LLC, a holding company that will be owned by the current members of IBG LLC. The IBG LLC membership interests held by IBG Holdings LLC will be effectively exchangeable over time on a one-for-one basis for shares of our common stock, as described elsewhere in this prospectus in the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure."

      Business Segments

              The Company reports its results in two business segments, market making and electronic brokerage. These segments are analyzed separately as we derive our revenues from these two principal business activities as well as allocate resources and assess performance.

      Market Making. We conduct our market making business through our Timber Hill subsidiaries. As one of the largest market makers on many of the world's leading exchanges, we provide liquidity by offering competitively tight bid/offer spreads over a broad base of approximately 324,000 tradable, exchange-listed products. In particular, we are a market leader in exchange-traded equity options, equity-index options and futures. As principal, we commit our own capital and derive revenues or incur losses from the difference between the price paid when securities are bought and the price received when those securities are sold.

51


        Because we provide continuous bid and offer quotations and we are continuously both buying and selling quoted securities, we may have either a long or a short position in a particular product at a given point in time. Historically, our profits have been principally a function of transaction volume on electronic exchanges rather than volatility or the direction of price movements. Our strategy is to calculate quotes at which supply and demand for a particular security are likely to be in balance a few seconds ahead of the market and execute small trades at tiny but favorable differentials. Our quotes are based on our proprietary model rather than customer order flow, and we believe that this approach provides us with a competitive advantage. As a matter of practice, we will generally not take portfolio positions in either the broad market or the financial instruments of specific issuers in anticipation that prices will either rise or fall. Our entire portfolio is evaluated each second and continuously rebalanced throughout the trading day, thus minimizing the risk of our portfolio at all times. This real-time rebalancing of our portfolio, together with our real-time proprietary risk management system, enables us to curtail risk and to be profitable in both up-market and down-market scenarios.

      Electronic Brokerage. We conduct our electronic brokerage business through our Interactive Brokers (IB) subsidiaries. As an electronic broker, we execute, clear and settle trades globally for both institutional and individual customers. Capitalizing on the technology originally developed for our market making business, IB's systems provide our customers with the capability to monitor multiple markets around the world simultaneously and to execute trades electronically in these markets at a low cost in multiple products and currencies from a single trading account. Since launching this business in 1993, we have grown to approximately 77,000 institutional and individual brokerage customers. We offer our customers access to all classes of tradable, exchange-listed products and market centers, including stocks, bonds, options, futures and forex, traded on more than 50 exchanges and market centers and in 16 countries around the world seamlessly. We offer our customers state-of-the-art tools, which include a customizable trading platform, advanced analytical tools and sophisticated order types such as guaranteed combination trades. Our customers also benefit from advanced "smart-routing" of orders for optimal execution and among the lowest execution and commission costs in the industry.

              The following two tables present net revenues and income before income taxes for each of our business segments for the periods indicated.

              Net revenues of each of our business segments and our total net revenues are summarized below:

 
  Year Ended December 31,
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
  (in millions)


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Market making   $ 499.8   $ 435.2   $ 746.7   $ 544.0   $ 749.2
Electronic brokerage     108.1     133.2     185.4     128.0     216.8
Corporate(1)     8.6     2.4     5.3     3.5     3.0
   
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 616.5   $ 570.8   $ 937.4   $ 675.5   $ 969.0
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Corporate includes corporate related activities as well as inter-segment eliminations.

52


              Income before income taxes of each of our business segments and our total income before income taxes are summarized below:

 
  Year Ended December 31,
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
  (in millions)


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Market making   $ 310.3   $ 241.1   $ 505.2   $ 369.2   $ 522.4
Electronic brokerage     48.2     45.6     59.3     35.7     77.5
Corporate(1)     6.3     3.3     4.8     2.0     0.0
   
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 364.8   $ 290.0   $ 569.3   $ 406.9   $ 599.9
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Corporate includes corporate related activities as well as inter-segment eliminations.

              You can read more about our segments under the sections entitled "Business—Market Making—Timber Hill" and "Business—Electronic Brokerage—Interactive Brokers," in Note 15 of the IBG LLC audited consolidated financial statements and in Note 11 of the IBG LLC unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

      Revenue

      Trading Gains

              Our revenue base is comprised largely of trading gains generated in the normal course of market making. Trading revenues are, in general, proportional to the trading activity in the markets. Our revenue base is highly diversified and comprised of millions of relatively small individual trades of various financial products traded on electronic exchanges, primarily stocks, options and futures. Trading gains also include translation gains and losses on cash and positions in foreign currency held primarily by our foreign market making subsidiaries as well as revenues from net dividends. Market making activities require us to hold a substantial inventory of equity securities. We derive significant revenues in the form of dividend income from these equity securities. This dividend income is largely offset by dividend expense incurred when we make significant payments in lieu of dividends on short positions in securities in our portfolio. Trading gains accounted for approximately 75%, 68% and 58% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and 61% and 49% of our total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

              Our trading gains are geographically diversified. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, we generated 30%, 29% and 40%, respectively, of our trading gains from operations conducted on non-U.S. exchanges. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, we generated 41% and 24%, respectively, of our trading gains from operations conducted on non-U.S. exchanges. The increase in U.S. trading gains, as a proportion of total trading gains, during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, as compared to the prior year period, was primarily due to a 73% increase in U.S. trading gains, accompanied by level trading gains and foreign currency translation losses of our European market making subsidiary.

      Commissions and Execution Fees

              We earn commissions and execution fees from our cleared customers for whom we act as executing and clearing brokers and from our institutional customers for whom we act as an executing

53


broker only. During 2005, we introduced a new commission structure that allows customers to choose between an all-inclusive "bundled" rate or an "unbundled" rate that has lower commissions for high volume customers. For "unbundled" commissions, we charge regulatory and exchange fees separately, at our cost, adding transparency to our fee structure. Commissions and execution fees accounted for 14%, 18% and 12% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and 12% and 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

      Interest Income and Interest Expense

              We earn interest on customer funds segregated in safekeeping accounts; on customer borrowings on margin, secured by marketable securities these customers hold with us; from our investment in government treasury securities; from borrowing securities in the general course of our market making and brokerage activities; and on bank balances. Interest income accounted for 9%, 13% and 25% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and 22% and 37% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Interest income is partially offset by interest expense.

              We pay interest on cash balances customers hold with us; for cash received from lending securities in the general course of our market making activities; and on our borrowings. Interest expense accounted for 5%, 8% and 15% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and 13% and 25% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

              In 2005, we began to automate and integrate our securities lending system with our trading system. As a result, we have been able to increase significantly our securities lending activity and our net interest income. Our net interest income accounted for approximately 4%, 5% and 12% of our total net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and 10% and 15% for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

      Other Income

              Other income consists primarily of payment for order flow income, mark-to-market gains on non-traded securities (primarily investments in exchanges) and market data fee income. Our other income accounted for approximately 2%, 1% and 5% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and 5% for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

      Costs and Expenses

      Execution and Clearing Expenses

              Our largest single expense category is execution and clearing expenses, which includes the costs of executing and clearing our market making and electronic brokerage trades, as well as other direct expenses, including payment for order flow, regulatory fees and market data fees. Execution fees are paid primarily to electronic exchanges and market centers on which we trade. Clearing fees are paid to clearing houses and clearing agents. Payments for order flow are made as part of exchange-mandated programs and to otherwise attract order volume to our system. Market data fees are fees that we must pay to third parties to receive streaming quotes and related information.

54


      Employee Compensation and Benefits

              Employee compensation and benefits includes salaries, bonuses, group insurance, contributions to benefit programs and other related employee costs.

      Occupancy, Depreciation and Amortization

              Occupancy expense consists primarily of rental payments on office leases and related occupancy costs, such as utilities. Depreciation and amortization expense results from the depreciation of fixed assets such as computing and communications hardware as well as amortization of leasehold improvements and capitalized in-house software development.

      Communications

              Communications expense consists primarily of the cost of voice and data telecommunications lines supporting our business including connectivity to exchanges around the world.

      General and Administrative

              Expenses in this category are primarily incurred for professional services, such as legal and audit work, and other operating expenses such as exchange membership lease expenses.

              As a public company, we will be subject to the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which we expect will require us to incur significant expenditures in the near term to develop systems and hire and train personnel to comply with these requirements. In addition, as a public company, we expect to incur additional costs for external services such as legal, accounting and auditing.

      Income Tax Expense

              Historically, our income tax expense consisted primarily of corporate subsidiary taxes, and our net income did not reflect cash distributions to IBG LLC's members to pay their taxes related to their proportionate shares of our net income. Those distributions reduced IBG LLC's members' capital. As a corporation, we will be required to pay U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on its taxable income. Our subsidiaries will continue to be subject to income tax in the respective jurisdictions in which they operate.

Critical Accounting Policies

              The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In applying these principles, management is required to use certain assumptions and make estimates that could materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These assumptions, estimates and/or judgments, however, are often subjective and our actual results may change based on changing circumstances or changes in our analyses. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. These estimates are periodically reevaluated by management. We believe the following critical accounting policies could potentially produce materially different results if we were to change underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for a summary of our significant accounting policies.

55



      Valuation of Financial Instruments

              Due to the nature of our operations, substantially all of our financial instrument assets, comprised of securities owned, securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities borrowed and receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices or are assets which are short-term in nature and are reflected at amounts approximating fair value. Similarly, all of our financial instrument liabilities that arise from securities sold but not yet purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are short-term in nature and are reported at quoted market prices or at amounts approximating fair value. In our case, our long and short positions are valued at either the last consolidated trade price or the last consolidated bid/offer mid-point (where applicable) at the close of regular trading hours, in the respective markets. Given that we manage a globally integrated market making portfolio, we have large and substantially offsetting positions on securities that trade on different exchanges that close at different times of the trading day. As a result, there may be large and anomalous swings in the value of our positions daily and, accordingly, in our earnings in any period. This is especially true on the last business day of each calendar quarter, although such swings tend to come back into equilibrium on the first business day of the succeeding calendar quarter.

      Member Interests

              Selected employees are granted non-transferable fully vested member interests in IBG LLC. Such grants are accounted for pursuant to Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and EITF Issue No. 00-23, Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44. IBG LLC records a fixed dollar amount of expense for member interest grants at the date of grant based on management's estimate of fair value, which is book value (as defined in IBG LLC's Agreement as to Member Interest Purchase Rights). Member interests confer ownership rights in IBG LLC and entitle the holder to proportionate rights to future allocable profits and losses of IBG LLC. Member-employees may sell their interests back to IBG LLC at any time at book value. Member interest grants are initially accounted for as liabilities until six months elapses from the date of grant, at which time such liabilities are reclassified to members' capital as members' contributions.

      Contingencies

              Our policy is to estimate and accrue for potential losses that may arise out of litigation, regulatory proceedings and tax audits to the extent that such losses are probable and can be estimated in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. Significant judgment is required in making these estimates and our final liabilities may ultimately be materially different. Our total liability accrued with respect to litigation and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case basis and represents an estimate of probable losses based on, among other factors, the progress of each case, our experience with and industry experience with similar cases and the opinions and views of internal and external legal counsel. Given the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of our litigation and regulatory matters, particularly in cases or proceedings in which substantial or indeterminate damages or fines are sought, or where cases or proceedings are in the early stages, we cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for cases or proceedings where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred. For more information on our legal and regulatory matters, see "Business—Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Matters."

              IBG LLC has been, and we likely will be, from time to time subject to litigation and other legal proceedings. As of September 30, 2006, certain subsidiaries of IBG LLC have been named parties to legal actions, which IBG LLC or such subsidiaries intend to defend vigorously. See "Business—Legal

56



Proceedings and Regulatory Matters." Although the results of legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management that the resolution of these actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect, if any, on IBG LLC's business or financial condition, but may have a material impact on the results of operations for a given period. Therefore, IBG LLC has not recorded any liability in relation to such litigation matters in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Minority Interest

              Upon consummation of the Recapitalization, we will become the sole managing member of IBG LLC and, as such, will continue to operate and control all of the business and affairs of IBG LLC and its subsidiaries and will be able to consolidate IBG LLC's financial results into our financial statements. In light of IBG Holdings LLC's expected approximately 95% ownership interest in IBG LLC, we will reflect its ownership as a minority interest in our statement of financial condition and statement of income. Our historical results will be those of IBG LLC, as our predecessor company. As a result, our net income, after excluding IBG Holdings LLC's minority interest, will represent approximately 5% of IBG LLC's net income immediately after the offering, and similarly, outstanding shares of our common stock will represent approximately 5% of the outstanding membership interests of IBG LLC immediately after the offering. For more information on the pro forma impact of the Recapitalization, see "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data."

Income Taxes

              Our business was historically operated through a limited liability company that was not subject to U.S. federal and certain state income taxes. Prior to the completion of this offering, as a result of the Recapitalization, our business will become subject to taxes applicable to "C" corporations. For more information on pro forma income taxes applicable to our business under "C" corporation status, see "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure."

Dilutive Effect of Issuance of New Shares of Common Stock

              When we issue new shares of common stock after this offering, including upon the issuance of common stock to members of IBG Holdings LLC in exchange for their interests in IBG Holdings LLC, our existing common stockholders will experience dilution at the IBG level, although we will own an increased percentage of the equity of IBG LLC upon giving effect to such common stock issuances.

              Immediately following this offering,              shares of our common stock will be outstanding, representing more than 99.999% of our outstanding capital stock, and we will own membership interests in IBG LLC representing approximately 5% of the total equity interest in IBG LLC. In accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the amended and restated limited liability company agreement pursuant to which IBG LLC will be governed, the net cash proceeds received by us from any future issuance of shares of common stock will be concurrently transferred to IBG LLC in exchange for newly issued membership interests equal in number to such number of shares of common stock issued by us. Similarly, any issuance by us of shares of common stock upon an exchange of IBG Holdings LLC membership interests will result in a commensurate increase in the number of IBG LLC membership interests owned by us. The number of outstanding IBG LLC membership interests owned by us will, therefore, equal the number of outstanding shares of our common stock at all times. As a result, common stockholders will experience no material dilution with regard to their equity interest in IBG LLC as a result of the issuance of additional shares of our common stock.

57



Certain Trends and Uncertainties

              We believe that our continuing operations may be favorably or unfavorably impacted by the following trends that may affect our financial condition and results of operations.

      Over the past several years, the effects of market structure changes, competition and market conditions have, during certain periods, exerted downward pressure on bid/offer spreads realized by market makers.

      Retail broker-dealer participation in the equity markets has fluctuated over the past few years due to investor sentiment, market conditions and a variety of other factors. Retail transaction volumes may not be sustainable and are not predictable.

      Broker-dealer clients continue to focus on statistics measuring the quality of equity executions (including speed of executions and price improvement). In an effort to improve the quality of their executions as well as increase efficiencies, market-makers have increased the level of automation within their operations.

      Due to regulatory scrutiny over the past several years relating to equity sell-side research and the continued focus by investors on execution quality and overall transaction costs, more institutional clients allocate commissions to broker-dealers based on the quality of executions. In the past, institutional equity commissions were primarily allocated to broker-dealers in exchange for either research or soft dollar and commission recapture programs.

      There has been increased scrutiny of equity and option market-makers, hedge funds and soft dollar practices by the regulatory and legislative authorities. New legislation or modifications to existing regulations and rules could occur in the future.

      There has been consolidation among market centers over the past year, and several regional exchanges have entered into joint ventures with broker-dealers to create their own alternative trading systems, such as ECNs, and compete within the OTC and listed trading venues.

      There has been a proliferation of alternative investment entities, which has had the effect of materially increasing competition for new investor assets.

              See "Risk Factors" on page 18 for a discussion of other risks that may affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Public Company Costs

              Following this offering, we expect that we will incur additional expenses as a result of becoming a public company for, among other things, director and officer insurance, director fees, SEC reporting and compliance, transfer agent fees, professional fees and similar expenses. These additional expenses will reduce our net income. These costs will be borne by IBG LLC on behalf of IBG.

Consolidated Results of Operations

              The tables in the period comparisons below provide summaries of our revenues and expenses. The period-to-period comparisons below of financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results.

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              The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the indicated periods:

 
  Year Ended December 31,
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
  (in millions)


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Consolidated Statement of Income Data:                              

Revenues:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Trading gains   $ 488.4   $ 423.2   $ 640.4   $ 471.9   $ 631.1
  Commissions and execution fees     93.0     112.0     132.1     96.1     128.0
  Interest income     59.3     78.9     271.7     166.4     475.2
  Other income     10.4     7.6     54.9     37.7     65.9
   
 
 
 
 
    Total revenues     651.1     621.7     1,099.1     772.1     1,300.2
  Interest expense     34.6     50.9     161.7     96.6     331.2
   
 
 
 
 
    Total net revenues     616.5     570.8     937.4     675.5     969.0
 
Non-interest expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Execution and clearing     138.8     159.3     223.3     160.9     240.6
    Employee compensation and benefits     73.5     79.1     90.2     68.6     84.1
    Occupancy, depreciation and amortization     13.7     16.4     20.4     15.0     16.8
    Communications     7.5     9.0     10.4     7.7     9.1
    General and administrative     18.2     17.0     23.8     16.4     18.5
   
 
 
 
 
      Total non-interest expenses     251.7     280.8     368.1     268.6     369.1
   
 
 
 
 

Income before income tax

 

 

364.8

 

 

290.0

 

 

569.3

 

 

406.9

 

 

599.9
Income tax expense     19.9     19.6     33.8     27.4     21.6
   
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 344.9   $ 270.4   $ 535.5   $ 379.5   $ 578.3
   
 
 
 
 

              The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations as a percent of our total revenues for the indicated periods:

 
  Year Ended December 31,
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
Consolidated Statement of Income Data:                      

Revenues:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Trading gains   75.0 % 68.1 % 58.3 % 61.1 % 48.5 %
  Commissions and execution fees   14.3   18.0   12.0   12.4   9.8  
  Interest income   9.1   12.7   24.7   21.6   36.6  
  Other income   1.6   1.2   5.0   4.9   5.1  
   
 
 
 
 
 
    Total revenues   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0  
  Interest expense   5.3   8.2   14.7   12.5   25.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
    Total net revenues   94.7   91.8   85.3   87.5   74.5  
 
Non-interest expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Execution and clearing   21.3   25.6   20.3   20.8   18.5  
    Employee compensation and benefits   11.3   12.7   8.2   8.9   6.5  
    Occupancy, depreciation and amortization   2.1   2.6   1.9   1.9   1.3  
    Communications   1.2   1.4   0.9   1.0   0.7  
    General and administrative   2.8   2.9   2.2   2.2   1.4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
      Total non-interest expenses   38.7   45.2   33.5   34.8   28.4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax   56.0   46.6   51.8   52.7   46.1  
Income tax expense   3.0   3.1   3.1   3.5   1.6  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income   53.0 % 43.5 % 48.7 % 49.2 % 44.5 %
   
 
 
 
 
 

59


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005

      Net Revenues

              Total net revenues increased $293.5 million, or 43%, to $969.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $675.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005.

              Trading Gains.    Trading gains increased $159.2 million, or 34%, to $631.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $471.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The increase was primarily due to expansion in the number of securities products traded and increased trading volumes across the markets and exchanges in which IBG LLC and its customers traded. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our market making operations executed 48.7 million trades compared to 39.8 million trades during the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Included in trading gains are translation gains and losses and net dividends from market making activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we incurred translation losses of $50.6 million on foreign currency balances held primarily by our European market making subsidiary, as compared to translation gains of $36.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005.

              Commissions and Execution Fees.    Commissions and execution fees increased $31.9 million, or 33%, to $128.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $96.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. This increase was primarily due to higher customer trading volume on an expanded customer base, partially offset by a reduction in customer commission and execution rates implemented in November 2005.

              Interest Income and Interest Expense.    Net interest income (interest income less interest expense) increased $74.2 million, or 106%, to $144.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $69.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Growth in net interest income is primarily attributable to higher interest rates, increases in net customer cash and margin balances and higher net interest from securities lending, resulting from the integration of our securities lending and trading systems, which commenced during 2005. Average LIBOR rates increased from 4.0% to 5.4% over the twelve months ended September 30, 2006.

              Other Income.    Other income increased $28.2 million, or 75%, to $65.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $37.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $34.8 million in payment for order flow income and a smaller mark to market gain on investments in exchanges.

              Increased customer activity resulted in higher commissions and execution fees as well as payments for order flow received from options exchanges in the United States. DARTs for cleared and non-cleared customers increased 54% to 196,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to 127,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Cleared customer DARTs increased 47% to 157,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to 107,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2005.

      Non-Interest Expenses

              Non-interest expenses increased by $100.5 million, or 37%, to $369.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $268.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. As a percentage of total net revenues, non-interest expenses were 38% and 40% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

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              Execution and Clearing.    Execution and clearing expenses increased $79.7 million, or 50%, to $240.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $160.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, primarily due to increased trading volume. Payments for order flow, a component of execution and clearing costs, increased $17.1 million, or 74%, to $40.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $23.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. As a percentage of total net revenues, execution and clearing expenses were 25% and 24% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

              Employee Compensation and Benefits.    Employee compensation and benefits expenses increased by $15.5 million, or 23%, to $84.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $68.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. This increase is primarily due to a 10% increase in the number of employees to 517 as of September 30, 2006 from 470 as of September 30, 2005, increased expenses for bonuses and ROI Units granted to employees due to higher IBG LLC earnings. As a percentage of total net revenues, employee compensation and benefits expenses were 9% and 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

              Occupancy, Depreciation and Amortization.    Occupancy, depreciation and amortization expenses increased $1.8 million, or 12%, to $16.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $15.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 primarily due to increased office rent expenses for additional office space. As a percentage of total net revenues, occupancy, depreciation and amortization expenses were 2% for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005.

              Communications.    Communications expenses increased $1.4 million, or 18%, to $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $7.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. This increase was driven by additional telecommunications bandwidth required to support increased trading volume and the expansion in the number of markets in which IBG LLC operates. As a percentage of total net revenues, communications expenses were 1% for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005.

              General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses increased $2.1 million, or 13%, to $18.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, attributable to increased insurance costs, increased marketing and advertising costs and recurring professional fees. As a percentage of total net revenues, general and administrative expenses were 2% for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005.

              Income Tax Expense.    Income tax expense decreased $5.8 million, or 21%, to $21.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $27.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 primarily due to lower pretax earnings at non-U.S. operating companies.

              Net Income.    Net income increased $198.8 million, or 52%, to $578.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $379.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Net income as a percentage of net revenues was 60% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to 56% for the nine months ended September 30, 2005.

Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2004

      Net Revenues

              Total net revenues increased $366.6 million, or 64%, to $937.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $570.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004.

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              Trading Gains.    Trading gains increased $217.2 million, or 51%, to $640.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $423.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was primarily attributable to increased trading activity and withdrawal of competitors from the business. Intense competition resulting from new market makers and other professionals entering the market and a corresponding compression of bid/offer spreads that marked 2004 subsided in 2005. During the year ended December 31, 2005, our market making operations executed 54.1 million trades compared to 41.5 million trades during the year ended December 31, 2004. During the year ended December 31, 2005, we had translation gains of $43.9 million on foreign currency balances held primarily by our European market making subsidiary, as compared to translation losses of $18.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2004.

              Commissions and Execution Fees.    Commissions and execution fees increased $20.1 million, or 18%, to $132.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $112.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. This increase was primarily due to higher customer trading volume on an expanded customer base.

              Interest Income and Interest Expense.    Net interest income increased $82.0 million, or 292%, to $110.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $28.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Approximately $74.7 million of this increase was attributable to increased securities lending activities and approximately $7.3 million was attributed to an increase in customer cash and margin balances.

              Other Income.    Other income increased $47.3 million, or 626%, to $54.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. This increase was primarily due to a $22.4 million increase in mark-to-market gains on non-trading investments, $15.8 million increase in order flow income and growth in market data income from customers, which was partially offset by market data expenses to exchanges.

              Increased customer activity resulted in higher commissions and execution fees as well as payments for order flow received from options exchanges in the United States. Total DARTs for cleared and non-cleared customers increased 29% to 134,000 during the year ended December 31, 2005 from 104,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004. Cleared customer DARTs increased 16% to 111,000 during the year ended December 31, 2005 from 96,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004.

      Non-interest Expenses

              Non-interest expenses increased by $87.3 million, or 31%, to $368.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $280.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. As a percentage of total net revenues, non-interest expenses were 39% and 49% for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Non-interest expenses decreased as a percentage of total net revenues primarily due to the 64% increase in net revenues from the prior year, more than offsetting the increases in expenses.

              Execution and Clearing.    Execution and clearing expenses increased $64.0 million, or 40%, to $223.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $159.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, primarily due to increases in the number of securities products traded and increased trading volumes across the markets and exchanges in which IBG LLC and its customers traded. Payments for order flow increased $22.4 million, or 200%, to $33.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 as increasing trade volumes were directed electronically to IBG LLC operating companies from other brokers. As a percentage of total net revenues, execution and clearing expenses

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were 24% and 28% for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and payments for order flow were 4% and 2%, respectively, for such periods. The decrease in execution and clearing expenses as a percentage of 2005 total net revenues was primarily due to the 64% increase in net revenues, which more than offset the increases in these expenses.

              Employee Compensation and Benefits.    Employee compensation and benefits expenses increased by $11.1 million, or 14%, to $90.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $79.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. This increase was due to a 5% increase in employees to 478 as of December 31, 2005 from 455 as of December 31, 2004 and increased expenses for bonuses and ROI Units due to higher company earnings. As a percentage of total net revenues, employee compensation and benefits expenses were 10% and 14% for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

              Occupancy, Depreciation and Amortization.    Occupancy, depreciation and amortization expenses increased $4.0 million, or 24%, to $20.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 primarily due to increased costs related to computer equipment and office rent. As a percentage of total net revenues, occupancy, depreciation and amortization expenses were 2% and 3% for each of the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

              Communications.    Communications expenses increased $1.4 million, or 16%, to $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, primarily due to an increase in data line costs. As a percentage of total net revenues, communications expenses were 1% and 2% for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

              General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses increased by $6.8 million, or 40%, to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 primarily due to increased advertising expenses for the electronic brokerage business to generate greater awareness of the brand and its offerings. As a percentage of total net revenues, general and administrative expenses were 3% for each of the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

              Income Tax Expense.    Income tax expense increased $14.2 million, or 73%, to $33.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $19.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 due to increased earnings derived from certain of our non-U.S. operating companies. Income tax expense increased from 3% to 4% of total net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to the prior year.

              Net Income.    Net income increased $265.1 million, or 98%, to $535.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $270.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Net income as a percentage of total net revenues was 57% for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to 47% for the year ended December 31, 2004.

Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2003

      Net Revenues.

              Total net revenues decreased $45.7 million, or 7%, to $570.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $616.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2003.

              Trading Gains.    Trading gains decreased $65.2 million, or 13%, to $423.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $488.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. The decrease

63



was primarily attributable to increased competition as new market makers and other professionals entered the market, and existing market makers launched new systems, all attempting to capture a greater market share with narrower bid/offer spreads and larger quote sizes. During the year ended December 31, 2004, our market making operations executed 41.5 million trades compared to 32.8 million trades during the year ended December 31, 2003. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2004, we incurred translation losses of $18.2 million on foreign currency balances held primarily by our European market making subsidiary, as compared to translation gains of $5.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2003.

              Commissions and Execution Fees.    Commissions and execution fees increased $19.0 million, or 20%, to $112.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $93.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. This increase was primarily due to an increase in customer trading volume on an expanded customer base.

              Interest Income and Interest Expense.    Net interest income increased $3.3 million, or 13%, to $28.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $24.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in securities lending activities during the year ended December 31, 2004 as well as an increase in customer margin and cash balances.

              Other Income.    Other income decreased $2.8 million, or 27%, to $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2003.

              Total DARTs for cleared and non-cleared customers increased 24% to 104,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004 from 84,000 during the year ended December 31, 2003. Cleared customer DARTs increased 23% to 96,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004 from 78,000 during the year ended December 31, 2003.

      Non-interest Expenses

              Non-interest expenses increased $29.1 million, or 12%, to $280.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $251.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. As a percentage of total net revenues, non-interest expenses were 49% and 41% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Operating expenses increased as a percentage of total net revenues primarily due to the decrease in trading gains for the year.

              Execution and Clearing.    Execution and clearing expenses increased $20.5 million, or 15%, to $159.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $138.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, attributable to increases in trading volumes. Payments for order flow increased $6.8 million, or 155%, to $11.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, the first full year that such costs were incurred. As a percentage of total net revenues, execution and clearing expenses were 28% and 23% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The year-over-year increase in this percentage is primarily attributable to reduced trading gains in 2004.

              Employee Compensation and Benefits.    Employee compensation and benefits expenses increased by $5.6 million, or 8%, to $79.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $73.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, primarily due to a 5% increase in the number of employees to 455 as of December 31, 2004 from 434 as of December 31, 2003. As a percentage of total net revenues, employee compensation and benefits expenses were 14% and 12% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

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              Occupancy, Depreciation and Amortization.    Occupancy, depreciation and amortization expenses increased $2.7 million, or 19%, to $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $13.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, primarily due to an increase in depreciation and amortization of computer equipment and internal-use software. As a percentage of total net revenues, occupancy, depreciation and amortization expenses were 3% and 2% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

              Communications.    Communications expenses increased $1.5 million, or 20%, to $9.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2004 from $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, primarily due to an increase in the data line costs. As a percentage of total net revenues, communications expenses were 2% and 1% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

              General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses decreased by $1.2 million, or 7%, to $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $18.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, primarily due to reductions in exchange membership lease fees and other administrative fees, which were partially offset by increased advertising expenses for the electronic brokerage business and additional fees for professional services. As a percentage of total net revenues, general and administrative expenses were 3% for each of the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003.

              Income Tax Expense.    Income tax expense decreased by $0.3 million, or 2%, to $19.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 due to decreased taxable earnings of non-U.S. operating companies.

              Net Income.    Net income decreased by $74.5 million, or 22%, to $270.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $344.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. Net income as a percentage of net revenues was 47% for the year ended December 31, 2004 as compared to 56% for the year ended December 31, 2003.

Business Segments

              The following sections discuss results of our operations by business segment, excluding a discussion of corporate income and expense. In the following tables, revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining pretax earnings. Due to the integrated nature of the business segments, estimates and judgments have been made in allocating certain revenues and expense items. Rates on transactions between segments are designed to approximate full costs. In addition to execution and clearing expenses, which are the main cost driver for both the market making segment and the electronic brokerage segment, each segment's operating expenses include (i) employee compensation and benefits expenses that are incurred directly in support of the businesses, (ii) general and administrative expenses, which include directly incurred expenses for property leases, professional fees, travel and entertainment, communications and information services, equipment, and (iii) indirect support costs (including compensation and other related operating expenses) for administrative services provided by IBG LLC. Such administrative services include, but are not limited to, computer software development and support, accounting, tax, legal and facilities management.

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Market Making

              The following table sets forth the results of our market making operations for the indicated periods:

 
  Year Ended December 31,
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
  (in millions)


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Statement of Income Data:                              
Revenues:                              
  Trading gains   $ 479.9   $ 421.1   $ 637.9   $ 470.4   $ 629.3
  Commissions and execution fees                    
  Interest income     41.6     51.7     209.6     127.5     364.1
  Other income     10.8     6.8     24.1     20.1     16.3
   
 
 
 
 
    Total revenues     532.3     479.6     871.6     618.0     1,009.7
  Interest expense     32.5     44.4     124.9     74.0     260.5
   
 
 
 
 
    Total net revenues     499.8     435.2     746.7     544.0     749.2
Non-interest expenses:                              
  Execution and clearing     111.1     119.9     159.6     112.2     156.3
  Employee compensation and benefits     44.6     40.6     41.4     33.6     39.5
  Occupancy, depreciation and amortization     8.7     9.3     11.0     8.0     7.8
  Communications     5.4     6.1     6.0     4.6     4.8
  General and administrative     19.7     18.2     23.5     16.4     18.4
   
 
 
 
 
    Total non-interest expenses     189.5     194.1     241.5     174.8     226.8
   
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax     310.3     241.1     505.2     369.2     522.4
Income tax expense     19.1     18.4     32.1     26.3     19.8
   
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 291.2   $ 222.7   $ 473.1   $ 342.9   $ 502.6
   
 
 
 
 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005

              Net Revenues.    Market making net revenues increased $205.2 million, or 38%, to $749.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $544.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Trading gains increased $158.9 million, or 34%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2005, primarily attributable to increased transaction volume in the markets in which we participate and to improvements in our market making systems. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we executed 48.7 million trades compared to 39.8 million trades during the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Trading gains also include translation gains and losses, which are incurred primarily in our European market making operations where our trading assets and liabilities are denominated in multiple currencies. Translation gains and losses fluctuate with exchange rates and with changes in the composition of our trading assets and liabilities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, market making translation losses of $53.8 million were incurred as compared to translation gains of $35.6 million for the comparable prior period. Net interest income increased $50.1 million, or 94%, primarily attributable to increased securities lending activity resulting from the continuing integration of our securities lending system with our trading system and to higher interest rates.

              Non-interest Expenses.    Market making non-interest expenses increased $52.0 million, or 30%, to $226.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $174.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Of this increase, $44.1 million consisted of higher execution and clearing expenses, an increase of 39% over the nine months ended September 30, 2005, reflecting greater trading volume in the period. Employee compensation and benefits expenses increased $5.9 million, or 18%, over the nine months ended September 30, 2005 and other non-interest expenses were relatively stable. As a percentage of total net revenues for the market making segment, non-interest

66



expenses were 30% and 32% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and September 30, 2005, respectively.

              Income Before Income Taxes.    Market making income before income taxes increased $153.2 million, or 41%, to $522.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $369.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. As a percentage of total net revenues for the market making segment, income before income taxes were 70% and 68% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and September 30, 2005, respectively.

Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2004

              Net Revenues.    Market making net revenues increased $311.5 million, or 72%, to 746.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $435.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Trading gains increased $216.8 million, or 51%, over 2004, primarily attributable to increased trading activity and withdrawal of competitors from the business. Intense competition resulting from new market makers and other professionals entering the market and a corresponding compression of bid/offer spreads that marked 2004 subsided in 2005. During the year ended December 31, 2005, we executed 54.1 million trades compared to 41.5 million trades during the year ended December 31, 2004. Trading gains also include translation gains and losses, which are incurred primarily in our European market making operations where our trading assets and liabilities are denominated in multiple currencies. Translation gains and losses fluctuate with exchange rates and with changes in the composition of our trading assets and liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2005, foreign currency translation gains were $42.1 million as compared to translation losses of $20.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Net interest income increased $77.4 million, or 1060%, attributable to increased securities lending activity resulting from the integration of our securities lending system with our trading system and to higher interest rates.

              Non-interest Expenses.    Market making non-interest expenses increased $47.4 million, or 24%, to $241.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $194.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Of this increase, $39.7 million was due to higher execution and clearing expenses, an increase of 33% from 2004. The increase in execution and clearing expenses is consistent with the 30% increase in trading volumes. Other non-interest expenses had relatively minor increases. As a percentage of total net revenues for the market making segment, non-interest expenses were 32% and 45% for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, a decrease that is attributable to the relatively greater increase in trading gains over these expenses.

              Income Before Income Taxes.    Market making income before income taxes increased $264.1 million, or 110%, to $505.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $241.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. As a percentage of total net revenues for the market making segment, income before income taxes were 68% and 55% for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2003

              Net Revenues.    Market making net revenues decreased $64.6 million, or 13%, to $435.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $499.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. Trading gains decreased $58.8 million, or 12%, to $421.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $479.9 million in 2003, primarily attributable to increased competition, as new market makers and other professionals entered the market and existing market makers launched new systems, all attempting to capture a greater market share with narrower bid/offer spreads and larger quote sizes. During the year ended December 31, 2004, we executed 41.5 million market maker trades compared to 32.8 million trades during the year ended December 31, 2003. Trading gains also include

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translation gains and losses, which are incurred primarily in our European market making operations where our trading assets and liabilities are denominated in multiple currencies. Translation gains and losses fluctuate with exchange rates and with changes in the composition of our trading assets and liabilities. Foreign currency translation losses of $20.3 million were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2004, compared to translation losses of $3.3 million for the year ended December 3, 2003.

              Non-interest Expenses.    Market making non-interest expenses increased $4.6 million, or 2%, to $194.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $189.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $8.8 million in execution and clearing expenses, an increase of 8% from the year ended December 31, 2003, partially offset by a decrease of $4.0 million, or 9%, in employee compensation and benefits. Other non-interest expenses were relatively stable. As a percentage of total net revenues for the market making segment, non-interest expenses were 45% and 38% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

              Income Before Income Taxes.    Market making income before income taxes decreased $69.2 million, or 22%, to $241.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $310.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. As a percentage of total net revenues for the market making segment, income before income taxes were 55% and 62% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Electronic Brokerage

              The following table sets forth the results of our electronic brokerage operations for the indicated periods:

 
  Year Ended December 31,
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
  (in millions)

Statement of Income Data:                          
Revenues:                          
  Commissions and execution fees   $93.0   $ 112.0   $ 132.2   $96.1   $ 128.0
  Interest income   17.9     28.8     65.0   41.0     114.0
  Other income   2.7     4.1     31.5   18.1     51.8
   
 
 
 
 
   
Total revenues

 

113.6

 

 

144.9

 

 

228.7

 

155.2

 

 

293.8
 
Interest expense

 

5.5

 

 

11.7

 

 

43.3

 

27.2

 

 

77.0
   
 
 
 
 
   
Total net revenues

 

108.1

 

 

133.2

 

 

185.4

 

128.0

 

 

216.8

Non-interest expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Execution and clearing   27.7     39.3     63.7   48.6     84.3
  Employee compensation and benefits   14.0     18.1     22.1   16.3     20.8
  Occupancy, depreciation and amortization   1.7     3.1     4.4   3.1     4.3
  Communications   2.1     2.9     4.5   3.2     4.3
  General and administrative   14.4     24.2     31.4   21.1     25.6
   
 
 
 
 
   
Total non-interest expenses

 

59.9

 

 

87.6

 

 

126.1

 

92.3

 

 

139.3
   
 
 
 
 

Income before income tax

 

48.2

 

 

45.6

 

 

59.3

 

35.7

 

 

77.5
Income tax expense   0.2     0.8     1.2   0.8     1.2
   
 
 
 
 

Net income

 

$48.0

 

 

$44.8

 

 

$58.1

 

$34.9

 

 

$76.3
   
 
 
 
 

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005

              Net Revenues.    Electronic brokerage net revenues increased $88.8 million, or 69%, to $216.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $128.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 primarily due to higher commissions and execution fees and net interest income, which increased $31.9 million, or 33%, and $23.2 million, or 168%, respectively. These increases reflect strong growth in the number of new customer accounts and significantly higher customer trading activity and commensurate increases in cash and margin debit balances. Total DARTs from cleared and non-cleared customers increased 54% to 196,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to 127,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2005. DARTs from cleared customers increased 47% to 157,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to 107,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Total customer account equity grew to $5.4 billion at September 30, 2006 from $3.3 billion at September 30, 2005. The primary component of other income was payment for order flow received through programs administered by U.S. options exchanges and it was largely offset by payment for order flow expense.

              Non-interest Expenses.    Electronic brokerage non-interest expenses increased $47.0 million, or 51%, to $139.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $92.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Of this increase, $35.7 million reflected a 73% increase in execution and clearing expenses from the nine months ended September 30, 2005. This increase was driven by higher customer trading volume and greater payment for order flow expense incurred in order to attract volume to our system. As a percentage of total net revenues for the electronic brokerage segment, non-interest expenses were 64% and 72% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Electronic brokerage non-interest expenses decreased as a percentage of total net revenues primarily due to higher growth rates of commissions and execution fees and net interest income over expense levels required to support the increase in business activities.

              Income Before Income Taxes.    Electronic brokerage income before income taxes increased $41.8 million, or 117%, to $77.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $35.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. As a percentage of total net revenues for the electronic brokerage segment, income before income taxes were 36% and 28% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2004

              Net Revenues.    Electronic brokerage net revenues increased $52.2 million, or 39%, to $185.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $133.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Commissions and execution fees increased $20.2 million, or 18%, over the prior year. The primary factor driving this increase was higher trading volume associated with new account openings that resulted from our improved system offerings and our marketing efforts. Total DARTs from cleared and non-cleared customers increased 29% to 134,000 during the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to 104,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004. DARTs from cleared customers increased 16% to 111,000 during the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to 96,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004. In addition, other income increased due to higher payment for order flow received through programs administered by U.S. options exchanges, which is largely offset by payment for order flow expense.

              Non-interest Expenses.    Electronic brokerage non-interest expenses increased $38.5 million, or 44%, for the year ended December 31, 2005 to $126.1 million from $87.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. Of this increase, execution and clearing expenses increased $24.4 million or 62% from 2004, which was directly attributable to higher customer trading volume. The remaining $14.1 million increase in other non-interest expenses was comprised of general increases in expense

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levels, most notably employee compensation and benefits, which increased $4.0 million or 22% as employees were added to support continued growth. As a percentage of total net revenues for the electronic brokerage segment, non-interest expenses were 68% and 66% for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

              Income Before Income Taxes.    Electronic brokerage income before income taxes increased $13.7 million, or 30%, to $59.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 from $45.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. As a percentage of total net revenues for the electronic brokerage segment, income before income taxes were 32% and 34% for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

Year Ended December 31, 2004 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2003

              Net Revenues.    Electronic brokerage net revenues increased $25.1 million, or 23%, to $133.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $108.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. This increase was driven primarily by increased customer trading volume on a growing customer base. Total DARTs from cleared and non-cleared customers increased 24% to 104,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to 84,000 during the year ended December 31, 2003. DARTs from cleared customers increased 23% to 96,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004 compared to 78,000 during the year ended December 31, 2003.

              Non-interest Expenses.    Electronic brokerage non-interest expenses increased $27.7 million, or 46%, to $87.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $59.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. Execution and clearing expenses, the largest component of non-interest expenses, increased $11.6 million, or 42%, from 2003, primarily due to increased customer trading volume. In addition, general and administrative expenses increased $9.8 million, or 68%, and other expenses rose modestly, in support of this growing business. As a percentage of total net revenues for the electronic brokerage segment, non-interest expenses were 66% and 55% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Electronic brokerage non-interest expenses increased as a percentage of total net revenues primarily due to reduced commission rates offered to customers.

              Income Before Income Taxes.    Electronic brokerage income before income taxes decreased $2.6 million, or 5%, to $45.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 from $48.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2003. As a percentage of total net revenues for the electronic brokerage segment, income before income taxes were 34% and 45% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

              We maintain a highly liquid balance sheet. The majority of our assets consist of marketable securities inventories, which are marked to market daily, and collateralized receivables arising from customer-related and proprietary securities transactions. Collateralized receivables consist primarily of securities borrowed, receivables from clearing houses for settlement of securities transactions and, to a lesser extent, customer margin loans and securities purchased under agreements to resell.

              Total assets increased $9.2 billion to $24.3 billion at December 31, 2005 from $15.1 billion at December 31, 2004, primarily due to increases of $4.8 billion in securities borrowed and $3.3 billion in trading assets. These increases were driven by a controlled expansion of securities positions held by our market making subsidiaries to facilitate increased securities lending balances and corresponding net interest income. The $944.2 million increase in cash and cash equivalents and cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing organizations was partially offset by an $888 million increase in payables to customers, resulting from strong growth in our electronic brokerage

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business. Funding was provided by a $4.7 billion increase in securities sold but not yet purchased and a $2.9 billion increase in securities loaned. At September 30, 2006, total assets were $32.2 billion of which approximately $32.0 billion, or 99.4%, were considered liquid and consisted predominantly of marketable securities.

              Daily monitoring of liquidity needs and available collateral levels is undertaken to help ensure that an appropriate liquidity cushion in the form of unpledged collateral is maintained at all times. Our ability to quickly reduce funding needs by balance sheet contraction without adversely affecting our core businesses and to pledge additional collateral in support of secured borrowings is continuously evaluated to ascertain the adequacy of our capital base.

              In order to provide additional liquidity and to further increase our regulatory capital reserves, we issue senior notes and we maintain a committed senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of banks (see "—Principal Indebtedness" below). As of September 30. 2006, borrowings under these facilities totaled $293.7 million, which represented 10% of our total capitalization. Based on our current level of operations, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months.

              Historically, our consolidated equity has consisted primarily of accumulated retained earnings, which to date have been sufficient to fund our operations and growth. Consolidated equity increased from $749.9 million at December 31, 2000 to $2.2 billion at December 31, 2005, representing a CAGR of 24% over this five-year period. Consolidated equity at September 30, 2006 was $2.6 billion.

      Regulatory Capital Requirements

              The regulatory capital computations at our market making broker-dealer subsidiaries are largely driven by "haircut" charges levied on market making securities and futures positions. Timber Hill LLC (TH LLC), our SEC-registered broker-dealer subsidiary that conducts our U.S. market making activities, is subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) (Net Capital Rule) under the Exchange Act, which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital. At December 31, 2005, TH LLC had net capital of $442.2 million, which was $434.9 million in excess of required net capital. At September 30, 2006, TH LLC had net capital of $979.1 million, which was $965.2 million in excess of required net capital.

              Interactive Brokers LLC, our SEC-registered broker-dealer subsidiary that conducts our U.S. brokerage activities, is also subject to the Net Capital Rule. At December 31, 2005, IB had net capital of $172.4 million, which was $157.4 million in excess of required net capital. At September 30, 2006, IB had net capital of $245.5 million, which was $224.1 million in excess of required net capital.

              TH LLC and IB are also registered futures commissions merchants and are subject to, and at September 30, 2006 were in compliance with the CFTC's minimum financial requirements.

              Our non-U.S. market making and brokerage subsidiaries are also subject to various foreign net capital and minimum financial requirements and were in full compliance with such regulatory capital requirements as of December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006. Our most significant international market making subsidiary, Timber Hill Europe AG (THE), is registered to do business in Switzerland as a securities dealer and is subject to the Swiss National Bank eligible equity requirement. At December 31, 2005, THE had eligible equity of $543.9 million, which was $409.9 million in excess of the minimum requirement. At September 30, 2006, THE had eligible equity of $571.5 million, which was $356.7 million in excess of the minimum requirement.

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              Our most significant international brokerage subsidiary, Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited (IBUK), is subject to the U.K. FSA's financial resources requirement. At December 31, 2005, IBUK had financial resources, as defined, of $28.4 million, which was $26.5 million in excess of the minimum requirement. At September 30, 2006, IBUK had financial resources, as defined, of $33.2 million, which was $31.1 million in excess of the minimum requirement.

Cash Flows

              The following table sets forth our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the periods indicated:

 
  Year Ended December 31,
  Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
  2003
  2004
  2005
  2005
  2006
 
 
  (in millions)

 
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities   $93.3   $(201.3 ) $(64.3 ) $(129.7 ) $31.5  
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities   (21.4 ) (18.4 ) (9.7 ) (4.9 ) (34.2 )
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities   (130.7 ) 105.8   313.4   250.5   256.6  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents   $(58.8 ) $(113.9 ) $239.4   $115.9   $253.9  
   
 
 
 
 
 

              Cash flow from operating activities.    Our cash flows from operating activities are largely a reflection of the size and composition of trading positions held by our market making subsidiaries and of the changes in customer cash and margin debit balances in our electronic brokerage business. For example, larger long stock positions give rise to increases in securities loaned as we finance these holdings and larger short stock positions give rise to increases in securities borrowed to enable delivery of shares sold short. Through our automated pricing and risk management software, we are able to control the asset and liability mix of our positions by setting interest rates (for stocks) and discount rates (for options) accordingly, which, in turn, influence the amount of cash that we borrow and lend. In our electronic brokerage business, as brokerage customers deposit or borrow cash, our investments of these funds increase or decrease accordingly.

              Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $31.5 million. The primary components of cash used in operating activities were an increase of $860.0 million of cash and securities—segregated under federal and other obligations, reflecting growth in customer cash balances, and an increase of $626.1 million in trading assets, net of trading liabilities, reflecting normal changes in the makeup of market making positions. Uses of cash were more than offset by sources of cash, which were made up primarily of an increase of $706.2 million in payables to customers, net of receivables from customers, reflecting growth in customer cash balances; an increase of $181.0 million in other payables, net of other receivables, primarily to clearing organizations; and net income of $578.3 million. Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was $129.7 million. The primary components of cash used in operating activities were an increase in securities borrowed, net of securities loaned, of $2.4 billion and a $489.6 million increase in cash and securities segregated for customers. These uses of cash were partially offset by an increase in securities sold, net of an increase in securities owned, of $1.8 billion; an increase of $485.1 million in payables to customers, net of customer receivables; and net income of $379.5 million.

              Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2005 was $64.3 million. The primary components of cash used in operating activities were an increase of $1.9 billion in securities borrowed, net of securities loaned, reflecting a relative increase in short stock positions held for market

72



making; and an increase of $704.8 million in cash and securities—segregated under federal and other obligations, reflecting investment of new customer funds. These uses of cash were partially offset by an increase of $1.3 billion in trading liabilities, net of trading assets, which is the driver for increased securities borrowing activity; an increase of $720.8 million in payables to customers, net of receivables from customers, reflecting growth in the electronic brokerage business; and net income of $535.5 million. Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2004 was $201.3 million. The primary components of cash used in operating activities were an increase of $813.0 million in trading assets, net of trading liabilities, reflecting normal changes in the makeup of market making positions; and an increase of $362.1 million in cash and securities—segregated under federal and other obligations, reflecting large customer cash balances. These uses of cash were partially offset by an increase of $329.6 million in payables to customers, net of receivables from customers, and net income of $270.4 million. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $93.3 million. The primary components of cash provided by operating activities were an increase of $432.2 million in payables to customers, net of receivables from customers; an increase of $114.8 million in trading liabilities, net of trading assets; and net income of $344.9 million. These increases in cash were partially offset by an increase of $268.8 million in cash and securities—segregated under federal and other obligations and an increase of $206.6 million in other receivables, primarily from clearing organizations.

              Cash flow from investing activities.    Our investing activities are primarily comprised of capitalizable in-house software development; purchases and sales of memberships at exchanges where we trade; and, more recently, investments in exchanges where such investments will enable us to offer better execution alternatives to our current and prospective customers or create new opportunities for ourselves as market makers or where we can influence exchanges to provide competing products at better prices using sophisticated technology.

              Net cash used for investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $34.2 million. Investments in One Chicago, LLC ($20.0 million), ISE Stock Exchange, LLC ($4.25 million) and CBOE Stock Exchange, LLC ($2.25 million) and additions to property and equipment of $8.3 million were the primary investing activities undertaken. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was $4.9 million and included additions to property and equipment of $8.0 million, partially offset by $3.1 million in proceeds from sales of investments in exchanges and trading rights. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2005 was $9.7 million, comprised of $12.8 million in additions to property and equipment, which was partially offset by proceeds of $3.1 million from sales of exchange investments and trading rights. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2004 was $18.4 million, comprised of additions to property and equipment of $11.4 million, purchases of exchange seats and trading rights of $5.3 million and $1.7 million for investments made in exchanges. Net cash used in investing for the year ended December 31, 2003 of $21.4 million was comprised of additions to property and equipment of $9.5 million, the purchase of exchange seats of $9.2 million and net investments in exchanges of $2.7 million.

              Cash flow from financing activities.    Our cash flows from financing activities are comprised of short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings and capital transactions. Short-term borrowings from banks are part of our daily cash management in support of operating activities. Long-term borrowings provide us with flexible sources of excess liquidity and regulatory capital and they include a committed senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of banks that was initiated in May 2006 and senior notes issued in private placements to certain qualified customers of IBG LLC. IBG LLC uses the proceeds from the credit facility and from sales of the senior notes to provide capital to IBG LLC's broker-dealer subsidiaries, primarily in the form of subordinated loans. Historically, our capital transactions have been comprised primarily of distributions paid to provide members with funds to meet their income tax

73



obligations arising from their respective percentages of IBG LLC's income. New member interest contributions and redemptions of member interests have made up a smaller part of our capital transactions.

              Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $256.6 million, comprised of $395.3 million from the issuance of senior notes, offset by $416.3 million in senior note redemptions; a $272.9 million increase in short-term borrowings; $150.0 million in borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility, which facility was initiated in May 2006. Because the senior notes and the revolving credit facility are both sources of regulatory capital in our broker-dealer subsidiaries, we manage the amounts borrowed to maintain a comfortable excess of regulatory capital. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006 we targeted a reduction in the senior notes as the revolving credit facility became available. These increases were offset by $152.0 million in distributions paid to members to meet income tax obligations on IBG LLC's income and net member contributions of $6.6 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was $250.5 million, comprised of $414.3 million from the issuance of senior notes, partially offset by $358.7 million in senior note redemptions and an increase in short-term borrowings of $268.0 million. These increases were partially offset by $78.0 million in distributions paid to members and net member contributions of $4.8 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2005 was $313.4 million and included $549.0 million from the issuance of senior notes, partially offset by $493.2 million in senior notes redemptions, and increased short-term borrowings of $342.6 million. These increases were offset by $88.5 million in distributions paid to members during the year ended December 31, 2005 and net member contributions of $3.5 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2004 was $105.8 million, comprised primarily of $335.4 million from the issuance of senior notes, partially offset by $270.3 million in senior note redemptions, accompanied by a $113.8 million increase in short-term borrowings and net member contributions of $7.7 million. These increases were offset by $80.8 million in distributions paid to members. Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $130.7 million, comprised of $105.8 million in distributions paid to members and a $66.7 million decrease in short-term borrowings. These uses were offset by $117.2 million from the issuance of senior notes, partially offset by $84.3 million in senior notes redemptions, and net member contributions of $8.9 million.

Principal Indebtedness

              IBG LLC is the borrower under a $300.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility and is the issuer of senior notes of which $150.0 million and $143.7 million were outstanding, respectively, as of September 30, 2006.

      Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility

              On May 19, 2006, IBG LLC entered into a $300.0 million three-year senior secured revolving credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, Harris N.A., as syndication agent, and Citibank, N.A. and HSBC Bank USA National Association, as co-syndication agents. IBG LLC is the sole borrower under this credit facility, which is required to be guaranteed by IBG LLC's domestic non-regulated subsidiaries (currently there are no such entities). The facility is secured by a first priority interest in all of the capital stock of each entity owned directly by IBG LLC (subject to customary limitations with respect to foreign subsidiaries). The facility may be used to finance working capital needs and general corporate purposes, including downstreaming funds to IBG LLC's regulated broker-dealer subsidiaries as regulatory capital. This allows IBG LLC to take advantage of market opportunities when

74


they arise, while maintaining substantial excess regulatory capital. The financial covenants contained in this credit facility are as follows:

      minimum net worth of $1.5 billion, with quarterly increases equal to 25% of positive consolidated income;

      maximum total debt to capitalization ratio of 30%;

      minimum liquidity ratio of 1.0 to 1.0; and

      maximum total debt to net regulatory capital ratio of 35%.

      Senior Notes

              IBG LLC periodically issues senior notes in private placements to certain qualified customers of IBG LLC. IBG LLC uses the proceeds from sales of the senior notes to provide capital to IBG LLC's broker-dealer subsidiaries in the form of subordinated loans and for other general purposes. The outstanding senior notes either have a 7% or 8% interest rate and either a 15-month or an 18-month maturity, respectively. IBG LLC may, solely at its option, redeem the senior notes at any time on or after a specified date in the third month or the sixth month, respectively, after the date on which the senior notes are issued and sold, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the senior notes to be redeemed plus accrued interest.

              IBG LLC had $164.7 million and $143.7 million of senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, respectively. In 2005, IBG LLC redeemed $493.2 million of senior notes, which included $108.8 million of senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2004 and issued $549.0 million in new senior notes. Through September 2006, IBG LLC redeemed senior notes totaling $416.3 million, including all senior notes that were outstanding at December 31, 2005, and issued $395.3 million in new senior notes.

              The senior notes are secured, along with the senior secured revolving credit facility, by a first priority interest in all of the capital stock of each entity owned directly by IBG LLC (subject to customary limitations with respect to foreign subsidiaries).

              The senior notes contain covenants that may limit IBG LLC's ability to:

      incur, or permit its subsidiaries to incur, additional indebtedness;

      create, or permit its subsidiaries to create, liens on any capital stock or equity interests of its subsidiaries;

      declare and pay dividends or make other equity distributions; and

      consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of its assets.

Capital Expenditures

              Our capital expenditures are comprised of compensation costs of our software engineering staff for development of software for in-house use and expenditures for computer, networking and communications hardware. Both of these are reported in the property and equipment category. Capital expenditures for property and equipment were $8.3 million and $8.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. We anticipate our 2006 gross capital expenditures to be approximately $12.0 million. We expect our future capital expenditures to rise as we continue our focus on technology infrastructure initiatives in order to further enhance our competitive position. We anticipate

75



that we will fund capital expenditures with cash from operations and cash on hand. In response to changing economic conditions, we believe we have the flexibility to modify our capital expenditures by adjusting them (either upward or downward) to match our actual performance. If we pursue any strategic acquisitions, we may incur additional capital expenditures.

Certain Information Concerning Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

              Our subsidiaries derive revenues from buying and selling a variety of financial instruments. Certain of these instruments, including equity options and futures products, give rise to off-balance-sheet risk. Risk arises from changes in the value of these contracts (market risk) and also from the potential inability of counterparties to perform under the terms of the contracts (credit risk). Our market making subsidiaries rely upon proprietary computer systems that reevaluate our prices each second in order to minimize market risk inherent in their portfolios at any moment. Credit risk is limited in that substantially all of the contracts entered into are settled directly at securities and commodities clearing houses or through member firms and banks with substantial financial and operational resources. Such clearing firms and banks are subject to the rules and regulations of the various contract markets in which they operate. Our subsidiaries' exposure is also limited in most locations by the segregation of assets, which protects our subsidiaries in the event of a bankruptcy or other disruption of business at the clearing firm or bank. Our subsidiaries also seek to control credit risk by following an established credit approval process prior to beginning business with a new counterparty.

              Certain of our subsidiaries enter into securities purchased under agreements to resell transactions and securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions (repos) in addition to securities borrowing and lending arrangements, all of which may result in credit exposure in the event the counterparty to a transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations. In accordance with industry practice, repos are collateralized by securities with a market value in excess of the obligation under the contract. Similarly, securities borrowed and loaned agreements are collateralized by deposits and receipts of cash. Our subsidiaries attempt to minimize credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring collateral values on a daily basis and requiring additional collateral to be deposited with or returned to our subsidiaries when deemed necessary.

              Securities sold but not yet purchased represent obligations of our subsidiaries to deliver the specified securities at the contracted price and, thereby, may create a liability to repurchase them in the market at prevailing prices. Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance-sheet risk as our subsidiaries' repurchase of such securities may exceed the amount reported in our consolidated statement of financial condition. Our continuous pricing and risk management systems are designed to minimize such risk on an overall portfolio basis.

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      Contractual Obligations Summary

Our contractual obligations principally include obligations associated with our outstanding indebtedness and interest payments as of September 30, 2006.

 
  Payments Due by Year
 
  Total
  2006
  2007-2008
  2009-2010
  Thereafter
 
  (in millions)

Senior notes   $ 143.7   $   $ 143.7   $   $
Interest payments on senior notes(1)     12.6     2.7     9.9        
Senior secured revolving credit facility     150.0             150.0    
Interest payments on senior secured revolving credit facility(1)     32.3     2.2     17.8     12.3    
Operating leases     41.9     1.5     11.3     10.7     18.4
   
 
 
 
 
Total contractual cash obligations   $ 380.5   $ 6.4   $ 182.7   $ 173.0   $ 18.4
   
 
 
 
 

(1)
Future principal and interest payments are calculated based on the assumption that all debt is outstanding until maturity.

              Additionally, as of September 30, 2006, we provide standby letters of credit to clearing houses totaling $8.2 million, which expire at various dates through March 2007.

Seasonality

              Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations, reflecting varying numbers of market participants at times during the year and varying numbers of trading days from quarter to quarter, including declines in trading activity due to holidays. Typical seasonal trends may be superseded by market or world events, which can have a significant impact on prices and trading volume.

Inflation

              Although we cannot accurately anticipate the effect of inflation on our operations, we believe that inflation has not had for the three most recent years, and is not likely in the foreseeable future to have, a material impact on our results of operations.

Strategic Investments and Acquisitions

              We periodically engage in evaluations of potential strategic investments and acquisitions. In March 2006, IBG LLC invested $20.0 million in OneChicago LLC and $4.25 million in the newly-created ISE Stock Exchange, LLC. In July 2006, IBG LLC committed to invest $4.5 million in the newly-created CBOE Stock Exchange, LLC, 50% of which has been funded as of September 30, 2006. OneChicago LLC operates an electronic futures trading platform that currently trades SSF contracts. ISE Stock Exchange, LLC operates an electronic equities trading platform that was launched in September 2006. CBOE Stock Exchange, LLC plans to operate an electronic trading platform and as of September 30, 2006 was in a developmental stage. We intend to continue making acquisitions on an opportunistic basis generally only when the acquisition candidate will, in our opinion, enable us to acquire either technology or customers faster than we could develop them on our own. Currently, there are no definitive agreements with respect to any material acquisition.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

              In May 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, which replaces APB Opinion No. 20 and SFAS No. 3, and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. This

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statement is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005, although early adoption is permitted for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after the date SFAS No. 154 was issued. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of SFAS No. 154 will have a material effect on the Group's consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

              In June 2005, EITF reached a consensus on Issue 04-5, Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights (EITF 04-5). EITF 04-5 presumes that a general partner (or managing member in the case of a limited liability company) controls a limited partnership, and should therefore consolidate a limited partnership, unless the limited partners have the substantive ability to remove the general partner without cause based on a simple majority vote or can otherwise dissolve the limited partnership, or unless the limited partners have substantive participating rights over decision making. The guidance in EITF 04-5 was effective immediately for all new limited partnership agreements and any limited partnership agreements that are modified. The guidance is effective for existing partnership agreements for financial reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005 and may be reported as either a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle or via retroactive restatement. Adoption of EITF 04-5 in the first quarter of 2006 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

              On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, a revision of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS No. 123R). In April 2005, the SEC delayed the effective date for SFAS No. 123R until the first fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005. As a result of the SEC ruling, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R in the first quarter of 2006. SFAS No. 123R clarifies and amends the guidance of SFAS No. 123 in several areas, including measuring fair value, classifying an award as equity or as a liability, attributing compensation cost to service periods and accounting for forfeitures of awards. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123R using the prospective method and accordingly the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

              In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN No. 48), which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. FIN No. 48 requires enterprises to assess and account for the effect of uncertainty of tax positions taken or to be taken on tax returns in their financial statements. Adoption of FIN No. 48 is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

              In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy (i.e., levels 1, 2, and 3, as defined). Additionally, companies are required to provide enhanced disclosure regarding instruments in the level 3 category, including a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances separately for each major category of assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's results of operations or financial position.

              In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements (SAB No. 108). SAB No. 108 is effective for annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006, and requires registrants to assess the effects of correcting prior years'

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misstatements on the current year's statement of income. The cumulative effect, if any, of initial application is to be reported as of the beginning of such fiscal year. Adoption of SAB No. 108 is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

              We are exposed to various market risks. Our exposures to market risks arise from assumptions built into our pricing models, equity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations related to our international operations, changes in interest rates which impact our variable-rate debt obligations, and risks relating to the extension of margin credit to our customers.

      Pricing Model Exposure

              Our strategy as a market maker is to calculate quotes a few seconds ahead of the market and execute small trades at tiny but favorable differentials as a result. This is made possible by our proprietary pricing model, which continuously evaluates and monitors the risks inherent in our portfolio, assimilates market data and reevaluates the outstanding quotes in our entire portfolio each second. Certain aspects of the model rely on historical prices of securities. If the behavior of price movements of individual securities diverges substantially from what their historical behavior would predict, we might incur trading losses. We attempt to limit such risks by diversifying our portfolio across many different options, futures and underlying securities and avoiding concentrations of positions based on the same underlying security. Historically, our losses from these events have been immaterial in comparison to our annual trading profits.

      Foreign Currency Exposure

              As a result of our international market making activities and accumulated earnings in our foreign subsidiaries, our income and net worth is exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Our European operations and some of our Asian operations are conducted by our Swiss subsidiary, THE. THE is regulated by the Swiss Federal Banking commission as a securities dealer and its financial statements are presented in Swiss francs. Accordingly, THE is exposed to certain foreign exchange risks as described below:

      THE buys and sells futures contracts and securities denominated in various currencies and carries bank balances and borrows and lends such currencies in its regular course of business. At the end of each accounting period THE's assets and liabilities are translated into Swiss francs for presentation in its financial statements. The resulting gains or losses are reported as translation gain or loss in THE's income statement. When we prepare our consolidated financial statements, THE's Swiss franc balances are translated into U.S. dollars for GAAP purposes. THE's translation gains or losses appear as such on IBG LLC's income statement, included in trading gains.

      THE's net worth is carried on THE's books in Swiss francs in accordance with Swiss accounting standards. At the end of each accounting period, THE's net worth is translated at the then prevailing exchange rate into U.S. dollars and the resulting gain or loss is reported in our statement of financial condition as "other comprehensive income," which is neither an income nor an expense item in our statement of income, in accordance with GAAP.

              Historically, we have taken the approach of not hedging the above exposures, based on the notion that the cost of constantly hedging over the years would amount to more than the random impact of rate changes on our non-U.S. dollar balances. For instance, an increase in the value of the Swiss franc

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would be unfavorable to the earnings of THE but would be counterbalanced to some extent by the fact that the yearly translation gain or loss into U.S. dollars is likely to move in the opposite direction.

              In late 2005, we began to expand our market making systems to incorporate cash forex and forex options in order to hedge our currency exposure at little or no cost. In September 2006, we began hedging our currency exposure throughout the day on a continuous basis. In connection with the development of our currency hedging strategy, we have determined to base our net worth in GLOBALs, where a GLOBAL is defined as consisting of 662/3 U.S. cents and 331/3 Euro cents. With the growth of our international operations, we foresee including other currencies in our definition of the GLOBAL. As our forex market making systems continue to develop, and as more exchanges trade more forex-based products electronically, we expect more trading volume to flow through this system and, accordingly, we expect to be able to manage the risks in forex in the same low cost manner as we currently manage the risks of our market making in equity-based products.

      Interest Rate Risk

              We had $150.0 million in variable-rate debt outstanding at September 30, 2006. These debt obligations are subject to fluctuations in interest rates at the end of each borrowing term, which impact the amount of interest we must pay. If variable interest rates were to increase by 1.0% per annum, the annual impact to our net income from debt obligations of this amount would be a reduction of $1.5 million. Under our senior secured revolving credit facility, we have the ability to choose borrowing tenors from overnight to twelve months, which permits us to minimize the risk of interest rate fluctuations.

              We pay our electronic brokerage customers interest based on benchmark overnight interest rates in various currencies. We typically invest a portion of these funds in U.S. government treasury securities with maturities of up to three months. If interest rates were to increase rapidly and substantially, in increments that were not reflected in the yields on these treasury securities, our net interest income from customer deposits would decrease. An unexpected increase of 0.25% would reduce our net annual interest income by approximately $1.0 million.

              We also face substantial interest rate risk due to positions carried in our market making business to the extent that long or short stock positions may have been established for future or forward dates on options or futures contracts and the value of such positions are impacted by interest rates. We hedge such risks by entering into interest rate futures contracts. To the extent that these futures positions do not perfectly hedge this interest rate risk, our trading gains may be adversely affected. The amount of such risk cannot be quantified.

      Dividend Risk

              We face dividend risk in our market making business as we derive significant revenues in the form of dividend income from our substantial inventory of equity securities, and must make significant payments in lieu of dividends on short positions in securities in our portfolio. Projected future dividends are an important component of pricing equity options and other derivatives, and incorrect projections may lead to trading losses. The amount of these risks cannot be quantified.

      Margin Credit

              We extend margin credit to our customers, which is subject to various regulatory requirements. Margin credit is collateralized by cash and securities in the customers' accounts. The risks associated with margin credit increase during periods of fast market movements or in cases where collateral is concentrated and market movements occur. During such times, customers who utilize margin credit and

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who have collateralized their obligations with securities may find that the securities have a rapidly depreciating value and may not be sufficient to cover their obligations in the event of a liquidation. We are also exposed to credit risk when our customers execute transactions, such as short sales of options and equities, that can expose them to risk beyond their invested capital.

              We expect this kind of exposure to increase with growth in our overall business. Because we indemnify and hold harmless our clearing firms from certain liabilities or claims, the use of margin credit and short sales may expose us to significant off-balance-sheet risk in the event that collateral requirements are not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur and those customers fail to satisfy their obligations. As of September 30, 2006, we had $773.4 million in margin credit extended to our customers. The amount of risk to which we are exposed from the margin credit we extend to our customers and from short sale transactions by our customers is unlimited and not quantifiable as the risk is dependent upon analysis of a potential significant and undeterminable rise or fall in stock prices. Our account level margin credit requirements meet or exceed those required by Regulation T of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve. As a matter of practice, we enforce real-time margin compliance monitoring and liquidate customers' positions if their equity falls below required margin requirements.

              We have a comprehensive policy implemented in accordance with SRO standards to assess and monitor the suitability of investors to engage in various trading activities. To mitigate our risk, we also continuously monitor customer accounts to detect excessive concentration, large orders or positions, patterns of day trading and other activities that indicate increased risk to us.

              Our credit exposure is to a great extent mitigated by our policy of automatically evaluating each account throughout the trading day and closing out positions automatically for accounts that are found to be under-margined. While this methodology is effective in most situations, it may not be effective in situations where no liquid market exists for the relevant securities or commodities or where, for any reason, automatic liquidation for certain accounts has been disabled.

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BUSINESS

Overview

              We are an automated global electronic market maker and broker specializing in routing orders and executing and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments as a member of more than 60 electronic exchanges and trading venues around the world. Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions. The advent of electronic exchanges in the last 16 years has provided us with the opportunity to integrate our software with an increasing number of exchanges and trading venues into one automatically functioning, computerized platform that requires minimal human intervention.

              Our high degree of automation enables us to process approximately 500,000 trades per day with approximately 500 employees. During 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we generated pretax income in each period at a rate of more than $1 million per employee. Publicly available data regarding other companies in the securities and commodities industry indicate that this level of productivity is unparalleled for our industry. Automation has allowed us to become one of the lowest cost providers of broker-dealer services and to increase significantly the volume of trades we handle. According to data compiled by the Futures Industry Association (FIA) based on data received from exchanges worldwide, during the nine months ended September 30 2006, we accounted for approximately 16.0% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded worldwide and approximately 18.8% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded on those markets in which we actively trade. We were the number one or number two liquidity provider on each of the three largest U.S. options exchanges (the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the International Securities Exchange and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange) during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, according to rankings provided by these exchanges. We serve sophisticated and active customers worldwide, including institutional investors, financial advisors, brokers and individuals.

              As a market maker, we provide continuous bid and offer quotations on approximately 324,000 securities and futures products listed on electronic exchanges around the world. Our quotes are driven by proprietary mathematical models that assimilate market data and reevaluate our outstanding quotes each second. Unlike firms that trade over-the-counter (OTC) derivative products, it is our business to create liquidity and transparency on electronic exchanges. Our profits have been principally a function of transaction volume on electronic exchanges rather than volatility or the direction of price movements.

              As a direct market access broker, we serve the customers of both traditional brokers and prime brokers. We provide our customers with an advanced order management, trade execution and portfolio management platform at a very low cost. Our customers can simultaneously access different financial markets worldwide and trade across multiple asset classes (stocks, options, futures, foreign exchange (forex) and bonds) denominated in ten different currencies, on one screen, from a single account based in any major currency. Our large bank and broker-dealer customers may "white label" our trading interface (i.e., make our trading interface available to their customers without referencing our name), or can select from among our modular functionalities, such as order routing, trade reporting or clearing, on specific products or exchanges where they may not have up-to-date technology, in order to offer to their customers a complete global range of services and products. Our most successful module is the dynamic IB SmartRoutingSM process. The result of several years of software development, this process manages orders among several stock and the six U.S. options exchanges by providing efficient executions for customers and enables brokers to meet their best execution regulatory requirements.

              During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our customers transacted an average of approximately 196,000 daily average revenue trades, which is a measurement of revenue-generating trades and referred to as DARTs.

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              Our proprietary technology is the key to our success. We built our business on the belief that a fully computerized market making system that could integrate pricing and risk exposure information quickly and continuously would enable us to make markets profitably in many different financial instruments simultaneously. We believe that integrating our system with electronic exchanges and market centers results in transparency, liquidity and efficiencies of scale. Together with the IB SmartRoutingSM system and our low commissions, this reduces overall transaction costs to our customers and, in turn, increases our transaction volume and profits. Over the past 29 years, we have developed an integrated trading system and communications network and have positioned our company as an efficient conduit for the global flow of risk capital across asset and product classes on electronic exchanges around the world, permitting us to have one of the lowest cost structures in the industry. We believe that developing, maintaining and continuing to enhance our proprietary technology provides us and our customers with the competitive advantage of being able to adapt quickly to the changing environment of our industry and to take advantage of opportunities presented by new exchanges, products or regulatory changes before our competitors.

              Our electronic market making and brokerage businesses are complementary. Both benefit from our combined scale and volume, as well as from our proprietary technology. Our brokerage customers benefit from the technology and market structure expertise developed in our market making business. The expense of developing and maintaining our unique technology, clearing, settlement, banking and regulatory structure required by any specific exchange or market center is shared by both of our businesses. This, in turn, enables us to provide lower transaction costs to our customers than our competitors, whether they use our services as market maker, broker or both. In addition, we believe we gain a competitive advantage by applying the software features we have developed for a specific product or market to newly-introduced products and markets over others who may have less automated facilities in one or both of our businesses or who operate only in a subset of the exchanges and market centers on which we operate.

Our History

              Our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Thomas Peterffy, began the business in 1977 as an individual market maker on the American Stock Exchange. This enterprise was succeeded by our market making business, Timber Hill, which was formed in 1982, and our brokerage business, Interactive Brokers, which was formed in 1993. Throughout our history, we have continued to create and refine innovative technology to provide liquidity on better terms for our customers and to remain a leader in electronic market making for electronically-traded products as illustrated by the following highlights:

      In 1983, Timber Hill created the first handheld computers used for trading. The ability to track positions and continually re-price options on one stock quickly gave Timber Hill market makers an advantage over their counterparts on the AMEX, who continued to use fair value pricing sheets that were updated only once or twice a day.

      In 1984, Timber Hill created an integrated, computerized pricing and risk management system that allowed the firm to centrally price and manage risk on a portfolio of equity derivatives traded in multiple locations around the United States. Timber Hill implemented this system using touch-screen computers at the exchange floors.

      In 1990, Timber Hill joined the first fully electronic options exchange, the Deutsche Terminbörse (DTB). By directly connecting its market making system to the DTB's matching engine, price and trade reporting facilities, Timber Hill demonstrated the viability of a fully automated market making system.

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      In 1993, Timber Hill market makers began using commercially available handheld computers on U.S. exchange floors, communicating by radio with the firm's central pricing systems.

      In 1995, Interactive Brokers created a customer workstation, through which professional customers gained access to exchanges around the world, and executed its first public customer trade.

      In 1999, Interactive Brokers provided a "smart routing" linkage for multiple listed equity options and began to clear online trades for customers trading stocks and equity derivatives through our system.

      In 2000, Timber Hill became a primary market maker on the International Securities Exchange (ISE), the first fully electronic U.S. options exchange. By connecting our system to the ISE, just as we have done with many European and Asian exchanges, we maintained continuous quotes for products listed on the ISE, making electronic option trading a viable alternative to open outcry option trading in the United States.

      In 2002, Interactive Brokers, the Bourse de Montreal and the Boston Stock Exchange together formed the Boston Options Exchange (BOX). Interactive Brokers also launched the IB Universal AccountSM, which allowed trading of stocks, options and futures across multiple currencies from a single account.

      In 2003, Timber Hill became a specialist and a designated, primary or lead market maker in listed equity options in more names than any other specialist firm in the United States.

      In 2004, Interactive Brokers created account structures for the financial advisors and introducing broker-dealers, thereby allowing professionals to service their customers on the IB platform.

      In 2005, Interactive Brokers began offering forex trading by building two internal exchanges that aggregated electronic bids and offers from major money center banks on one platform, enabling our customers and our market making system to execute efficient forex trades, and introduced the IB Daily Options Commentary and options scanner statistics, furnishing professional traders with important derivatives market indicators.

      In 2006, Interactive Brokers implemented a fully automated platform for trading of U.S. equity and index options in penny increments. We also made an equity investment in, and began contributing our technology to, OneChicago, LLC, the all-electronic security futures exchange offering single stock futures.

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Trading Volume Growth

              The following table sets forth IBG LLC's growth in customer trades and market making trades since 2003:

Period

  Customer
Trades

  % Growth Over
Same Period
Last Year

  Market Making
Trades

  % Growth Over
Same Period
Last Year

  Total
Trades

  % Growth Over
Same Period
Last Year

  Average Trades
Per U.S.
Trading Day

(In thousands, except percentages)

2003   25,158       32,781       57,939       230
2004   31,897   27 % 41,531   27 % 73,428   27 % 290
2005   42,413   33 % 54,070   30 % 96,483   31 % 383

YTD 3Q2005

 

30,030

 

 

 

39,843

 

 

 

69,872

 

 

 

370
YTD 3Q2006   47,632   59 % 48,655   22 % 96,287   38 % 512

Our Industry and Market Opportunity

              On most business days, trillions of dollars in securities, commodities, currencies and derivative instruments are traded around the world. These products range from standardized financial instruments, such as common equity securities and futures contracts typically traded on exchanges, to more complex, less standardized instruments, such as over-the-counter derivatives, that are typically traded between institutional dealers. Buyers and sellers of exchange-traded financial instruments benefit from:

      the price transparency, anonymity and enhanced liquidity, in the form of continuous bids and offers, provided by liquidity facilitators, such as market makers and specialists, who participate in those markets; and

      the financial stability of the securities and commodities clearing houses associated with these exchanges.

              The financial markets in which we function as an automated market maker and broker are large and are experiencing substantial growth. We are focused on developing technology and applying it as a financial intermediary to increase liquidity and transparency in the financial markets in which we operate. The graphs below illustrate the growth of global financial markets over the past six years by product class.

GRAPHIC


(1)
Data for global equity option volume excludes volume of the KOSPI 200 stock index, which is an index of 200 stocks on the Korea Exchange.

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GRAPHIC

GRAPHIC


(1)
Data for global equity volume includes annual volume of shares traded on the ten largest exchanges worldwide ranked by total value of shares traded. The ten exchanges are: BME Spanish Exchanges, Börsa Italiana SPA, The Deutsche Börse AG, The Euronext Exchanges, Korea Exchange, London Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Stock Exchange, NYSE Group, SWX Swiss Exchange and Tokyo Stock Exchange.

Markets in Which We Participate

              We participate primarily in the following financial markets:

      Derivatives:    Financial instruments that derive their value based on the value of an underlying asset, such as a stock, a commodity, an interest rate, an index or a currency. Common types of derivatives include options and futures.

      Equity options:    Contracts giving the holder the right to buy or sell an underlying stock or equity index, at a specified price, by a specific date.

      Futures and options on futures:    Contracts to buy or sell a particular commodity or financial instrument at a specified price, on a specified date in the future and options thereon.

      Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and options on ETFs:    Shares that may be redeemed for a defined basket of securities and that trade on exchanges throughout the day at prices determined by the market and options therein.

      Foreign exchange:    Exchange of various currencies, which facilitate currency conversion and fluid markets.

      Equities:    Securities representing equity ownership interests in publicly traded companies.

Derivatives

              Derivatives are increasingly being used by financial institutions, hedge funds and large corporations to manage risk or take advantage of the anticipated direction of a market, by allowing

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holders to manage exposure to gains or declines in the price of underlying assets without having to buy or sell such underlying assets.

              Furthermore, the number of different derivative instruments is growing, as exchanges and other financial institutions develop new and innovative derivative instruments to meet industry demands for sophisticated risk management and complex financial arbitrage. Novel derivative instruments often have distinct terms and little or no trading history with which to estimate a price. Markets for new derivative instruments therefore require market intelligence, the services of highly-skilled and well-informed market makers and reliable market data and pricing tools.

              Within the derivatives markets, our focus is on exchange-listed equity options and futures, each of which is described in greater detail below.

      Equity Options

              Equity options are traded on approximately 33 exchanges around the world. In the United States, equity options are currently traded on the American Stock Exchange, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the International Securities Exchange, NYSE Arca, the Boston Options Exchange and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. U.S. annual equity option volume increased from 719 million contracts traded in 2000 to 1.5 billion contracts traded in 2005 according to the FIA, representing a CAGR of 15.9%. Similarly, global annual equity options trading volume has increased from 1.2 billion contracts in 2000 to 2.9 billion contracts in 2005, according to the Futures Industry Association, representing a CAGR of 19.2%.

              We believe growth in the options market has increased dramatically over the last three decades largely due to the:

      emergence of electronic trading and resulting access to real-time market data and cost effective executions;

      substantial diminution in the cost of trading as a result of lower commissions and best execution and routing;

      widespread use of multiple listings for each option contract;

      proliferation of the type of options contracts including index options on equity indices;

      growing use of sophisticated hedging techniques and the increased acceptance of derivatives as an asset class to enable hedging; and

      greater understanding on the part of institutions and individual investors of the uses and benefits of options.

      Futures and Options on Futures

              Futures and options on futures are traded on approximately 57 exchanges around the world. In the United States, the four largest futures exchanges are the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the Chicago Board of Trade, the New York Mercantile Exchange and the New York Board of Trade. Over the past six years, the U.S. and global futures and options on futures markets have grown substantially. Total U.S. volume for futures and options on futures increased from 595 million contracts in 2000 to 2.0 billion contracts traded annually in 2005, according to the FIA, representing a CAGR of 27.7%. Total global volume for futures and options on futures increased from 1.6 billion contracts in 2000 to 4.5 billion contracts traded annually in 2005, according to the FIA, representing a CAGR of 22.9%.

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              We believe the growth in the futures and options on futures market is primarily due to:

      greater access to the futures and options on futures markets through technological innovation and the relaxation of regulatory barriers, resulting in a more liquid market;

      substantial diminution in the cost of trading as a result of lower commissions and best execution and routing;

      increasing awareness of the importance of risk management;

      access to real-time market data and cost effective trading; and

      growing awareness of the opportunities to obtain or hedge market exposure through the use of futures and options on futures contracts at a lower cost than the cost of obtaining or hedging comparable market exposure by purchasing or selling the underlying financial instrument or commodity.

Exchange-Traded Funds

              Like mutual funds, ETFs are comprised of various stocks and bonds. Unlike mutual funds, however, ETFs attempt to imitate a stock market index, rather than actively add or remove stocks. ETFs can be traded during the day, they can be sold short and purchased on margin. As a result, ETFs offer investors the diversification advantages of a mutual fund, while also possessing certain advantages of traditional stocks. Examples of ETFs include Standard & Poor's SPDRs, Barclays iShares and Dow Jones Diamonds.

              The creation and trading of ETFs have grown dramatically in recent years. According to statistics tracked by Bloomberg L.P., average daily trading volume of ETFs listed on U.S. exchanges increased from 48 million shares in 2000 to 298 million shares in 2005 representing a CAGR of 44.0%. Over the same period, the number of ETFs listed on U.S. exchanges increased 154% from 87 to 221. Similarly, average daily trading volume of ETFs listed globally increased from 56 million shares in 2000 to 550 million shares in 2005, representing a CAGR of 58.1%. Over the same period, the number of ETFs listed globally increased 376% from 102 to 485.

              We believe the recent growth in ETFs is largely attributable to:

      low bid/offer spreads compared to bid/offer spreads on the equivalent basket of securities;

      the ability to trade ETFs during the trading day, unlike traditional mutual funds, which only trade at the end of the trading day;

      the ability to acquire an interest in a diversified portfolio of equities through the acquisition of one exchange-traded security; and

      relatively low expense ratios as compared to average mutual fund fees.

Foreign Exchange (Forex)

              The forex market enables individuals, businesses, banks and governments to buy and sell the currencies of different countries. There is no single, unified forex market, largely due to the over-the-counter nature of currency markets; however, there are a number of interconnected marketplaces. Economic globalization has increased the emphasis on greater geographic diversification of investments resulting in increased cross-border commercial activities. This has led to increasing levels of cross-border

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trading and capital movements, which, in turn, has led to growth in the number of foreign exchange transactions.

              The forex market is one of the largest markets in the world, in terms of cash value traded, and has a wide variety of participants including, banks, central banks, currency speculators, corporations, governments and other financial institutions. As measured by the Bank for International Settlements 2004 Triennial Central Bank Survey (covering foreign exchange and derivatives market activity in 2004), total average daily foreign exchange turnover (the average daily amount of outright forwards, currency swaps and options) increased from $853 billion in April 2001 to approximately $1.3 trillion in April 2004, a CAGR of 14.8%.

Equities

              Equity securities are traded on approximately 125 exchanges around the world, of which the ten largest exchanges, as measured by the value of shares traded, accounted for 87% of the total value of equities traded globally in 2005. The exchange-traded equity markets have grown during the past several years, as evidenced by the increase in trading volume and overall value of shares traded on major exchanges. For example, The World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) reports that the total annual volume of shares traded on the ten largest exchanges grew from 2.0 trillion shares in 2000 to 2.8 trillion shares in 2005, representing a CAGR of 7.1%. The WFE also reports that the total value of shares traded on these ten exchanges grew from $28.8 trillion in 2002, when the WFE standardized its methodology for calculating trading value, to $44.2 trillion in 2005, representing a CAGR of 15.4%.

              We believe the growth in the equities securities markets has been largely attributable to:

      advances in trading and communications technology;

      decimalization and emergence of electronic communications networks (ECNs) and other trading networks as competition to traditional equities exchanges and the resulting decrease in execution costs;

      proliferation of overseas markets and exchanges; and

      general global economic expansion and growth.

              We believe that we are well-positioned to benefit from these anticipated industry growth trends. In the past decade, the electronic market making and brokerage businesses have become synonymous with applying technology to secure the best price in electronic exchange transactions. Given the increasing globalization and automation of the financial markets, we believe that our investment in technology for nearly three decades and our overall technological capabilities provide us with a significant advantage over our competition. Our proprietary technology gives us the ability to innovate quickly and to automate key aspects of our business and makes us a low cost provider of electronic market making and brokerage services. As demonstrated by our primary role in the creation of fully automated electronic markets on the DTB in 1990 and on the ISE in 2000, we have been in the forefront of expansion into new financial products and exchanges and markets centers, and we believe we are able to adapt to, and in some cases initiate the adoption of, trading standards in rapidly changing technological environment. For instance, we initiated the trading of U.S. equity and index options in penny increments in 2006 through our fully automated platform. Our combined electronic market making and brokerage systems offer access to exchanges and market centers that are typically not cost feasible for brokerage-only business. We leverage the combined volume from our electronic market making and brokerage operations and proprietary technology to route orders effectively and to process trades resulting in consistently best executions and on of the lowest unit costs in the industry.

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Market Making

              Traditionally, market makers provide a critical function in securities markets by providing liquidity, in the form of continuous bids and offers, in various types of financial instruments and facilitating rapid purchases and sales of such instruments with minimal price disturbance. Market makers use their own capital and derive revenues from the small difference between the price paid when securities are bought and price received when securities are sold, frequently within a few minutes. Market makers invest in computer software systems to compete with each other to buy and sell the securities in which they make markets. It is the market makers' responsibility to make bids and offers and maintain a fair and orderly market.

              Market makers compete for customer order flow by displaying bid and offer quotations for a guaranteed number of shares, and adjust their bid and offer prices in response to the forces of supply and demand for each security. Market makers typically act as principal and derive most of their revenues from the difference, or spread, between the price paid when a security is bought and the price received when that security is sold or the price paid when bought back if a security is sold short. Buyers and sellers of equity securities, options, futures and foreign currencies benefit from the price transparency, anonymity and enhanced liquidity provided by liquidity facilitators, such as market makers.

              With the arrival of electronic exchanges and direct market access brokers, the market making business has changed markedly. Direct market access brokers, such as IB, charge very low commissions and offer the ability to their customers to interact with pending bids and offers on electronic exchanges. As a result, traditional market makers have lost much of their historical time and place advantage over their professional trader customer base. Many professional traders now successfully compete with market makers by efficiently interacting with bids and offers or providing their own. This competition narrows bid/offer spreads, which in turn reduces transaction costs and increases transaction volume.

              In this new electronic paradigm, market makers must transact many more trades at much lower markups and process them at very low cost in order to remain viable. This requires sophisticated electronic market making systems that are able to update quotes, consummate trades, keep positions and control risk on a large number of securities simultaneously. Making markets and carrying positions in a greater number of securities increase the need for capital and have forced many smaller market making firms to sell their business to better capitalized firms. With large-scale consolidation, market making for exchange-listed securities has become concentrated in a handful of large market making firms with proprietary market making systems, augmented by smaller firms who use systems provided by various vendors. These systems interact with the exchanges' systems, which are each driven by unique software developed independently by or for each exchange, and work according to different rules unique to each particular exchange. The larger firms typically maintain simultaneous quotes for tens or even hundreds of thousands of different securities, consummate transactions and update quotes in fractions of a second.

              The increasing availability of sophisticated best execution order routing systems increases price (bid and offer) competition among market makers as these systems seek to execute each order at the best aggregate price. Technology and economies of scale are ever more important considerations in the market making business. With an increasing number of smaller trades distributed among a greater number of different instruments, risk control has become a more statistical, computationally intensive task, suitable for large computer systems.

              The introduction of new financial products over time (such as the recent rapid growth in the utilization of ETFs) and the proliferation of new exchanges and market centers in the United States and throughout the world, many of which are electronic, have contributed, and are likely to continue to contribute, to the growth of the market making industry in general and, in particular, the need for

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automated services that provide continuous bids and offers across many products in a rapidly changing price environment.

Electronic Brokerage

              Brokerage firms offer execution and clearing in equity securities, options, fixed income, mutual funds and other securities to individuals, institutions and active or professional traders. Traditional online brokerage firms cater to self-directed retail investors by providing access to websites through which orders can be placed. Prime brokers act as settlement agent, provide custody for assets, provide financing for leverage, and prepare daily account statements for their clients, who generally are money managers, hedge funds, market makers, arbitrageurs, specialists and other professional investors. Direct-access trading systems allow an investor to see bid and offer quotes disseminated by market centers and to direct orders to a specific destination to interact with a specific bid or offer using software and high-speed computer linkages to such places as NASDAQ, various ECNs and options and futures exchanges.

              The retail electronic brokerage industry has experienced moderate growth in the past several years, as evidenced by both the increase in the number of customer accounts and the trades executed by those customers. In the United States, the number of retail online brokerage accounts has increased from 11.9 million in 2000 to 14.7 million in 2005, according to the publicly available filings of major U.S. online brokers, representing a CAGR of 4.3%.

              In addition to the growth in the underlying markets, additional factors that are expected to continue to contribute to the overall growth of the industry include:

      the appeal of online trading to hedge funds, financial advisors and individual customers based on lower commissions, convenience and hands-on control coupled with improved overall quality of trade execution;

      increased customer acceptance of and confidence in electronic trading as a reliable, secure and cost-effective medium for financial transactions;

      the availability of financial information online, including research, real-time quotes, charts, news and company information; and

      the growth in the availability of high-speed Internet access by customers.

              The speed, efficiency and visibility provided by the Internet are expected to continue to drive an overall expansion of the electronic brokerage industry. In addition, the proliferation of such tools as analytical software packages and third-party securities research is expected to support the continued growth of the electronic brokerage industry as investors become increasingly comfortable with making their own investment decisions and executing upon those ideas via the Internet.

              Certain of the primary factors associated with the projected growth of the market making industry, the ever-growing number of institutions and individuals who trade electronically, the continued increase in the number and types of electronically-traded products and the market centers in which those products are traded, are expected to continue to drive growth in the electronic brokerage industry. The rise in the number of securities globally, along with an increasing level of interconnectivity between exchanges, should support the growth of the electronic brokerage industry as investors seek to use the Internet to participate in these new investment opportunities.

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Our Competitive Strengths

              Proprietary technology.    We view ourselves primarily as a technology company. Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions. Our proprietary technology makes us a low cost provider of market making and brokerage services. It also enables us to make markets profitably in financial instruments (e.g., equity options, futures, index options and equities) worldwide with low spreads between bid and offer prices, while at the same time providing our customers with the ability to effect trades at execution and commission costs that are among the lowest in the industry. Through our automated trading system and telecommunications network, we can continuously calculate and disseminate, in real-time, a bid and offer around the "most probable price" for each tradable product in which our Timber Hill subsidiaries make markets. The same underlying systems and network enable our electronic brokerage platform to provide our customers with customized capabilities to monitor multiple markets around the world instantly and simultaneously and to execute trades electronically in these markets. Our proprietary technology also gives us the ability to innovate quickly and to automate key aspects of our business, including order routing for best execution, real-time risk and credit management, clearing, customer service, regulatory compliance and back-office functions. We believe that our early investment in technology, as well as our overall technological capabilities, provides us with a significant advantage over our competition. Other entrants in the automated market making business generally have arisen only within the past ten years, whereas we have been developing our market making technology for nearly three decades. Accordingly, we believe that our head start in developing this technology gives us a distinct advantage in time, experience and the amount of software and functionality we have been able to develop over that time. In the last decade, the electronic market making and brokerage businesses have become synonymous with applying technology to secure the best prices in electronic exchange transactions. We have been building our platform in anticipation of this paradigm shift.

              Experienced management team.    Our key employees have significant experience and expertise in the application of technology to the financial services industry. These individuals are also significant equity owners of IBG LLC and are heavily committed to our success. IBG LLC's five largest member-owners are computer programmers, three of whom oversee software development on a full-time basis. Nearly half of IBG LLC's members are software developers. Our senior management team has an average of 18 years' tenure with us.

              Low cost structure.    Our focus on automation and expense management practices enables us to operate with a low cost structure. Our technology allows us to be one of the lowest cost providers of liquidity to the global, exchange-listed equity and derivatives markets and global execution and clearing services for professional traders and institutions. As a low cost provider with leading technology, we have achieved significant organic growth in our market making and electronic brokerage businesses. Our low cost structure enables us to achieve significant operating leverage on our scalable technology platform.

              Complementary lines of business.    We capitalize on the synergies between our market making and brokerage lines of business. Our global market making presence and high volume enable our brokerage business to service customers competitively and provide sophisticated investors and institutional traders with direct access to numerous electronically-traded products. We leverage the combined volume from our market making and brokerage operations and our proprietary technology in each of these operations to route orders effectively and to process trades on exchanges around the world, resulting in consistently best executions and one of the lowest unit costs in the industry. Our combined market making and brokerage systems offer access to exchanges and market centers that are typically not cost feasible for brokerage-only businesses.

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              Diversified revenue base.    We earn trading gains from our market making business as well as commissions and fee income from our electronic brokerage business. We generate revenues from millions of relatively small and diversified individual trades. These trades are broadly distributed geographically and among different products. In 2005, we executed approximately 97 million trades. We have rapidly expanded the number of financial instruments in which we make markets to approximately 324,000 tradable, exchange-listed products on more than 60 exchanges and market centers in 23 countries. For example, in 2005, 60% of trading revenues were generated on U.S. exchanges, compared to 82% in 2001. The steady expansion of brokerage earnings has also contributed to the diversification of our revenues. In 2005, brokerage operations contributed approximately 20% to our net revenues.

              Established business franchise.    We have been in operation for nearly three decades. In 2005, Institutional Investor ranked us the 16th largest U.S. securities firm, as measured by consolidated capital. We are members of more than 60 major exchanges and market centers around the world. Many of these memberships are franchises that are difficult to obtain. As of September 30, 2006, we held market maker licenses in 15 countries and 31 exchanges, and have preferential rights and obligations as designated specialists or market makers in approximately 1,000 classes of options in the United States. We operate on the world's largest and most important electronic securities and commodities exchanges, and we accounted for 16.0% of the exchange-listed equity options volume traded worldwide and approximately 18.8% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded on those markets on which we actively trade, for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, according to data compiled by the FIA based on data received from exchanges worldwide. We are a registered market maker in approximately 300 NASDAQ and approximately 2,000 NYSE and AMEX listed stocks. We believe that our proprietary technology, extensive market penetration, advanced trading and communications systems and substantial capital and human resources together constitute a significant business franchise.

              Real-time risk management.    We operate as a market maker, not an investor. Therefore, our ability to generate profits is generally a function of transaction volume on electronic exchanges rather than volatility or the direction of price movements. Our strategy is to calculate quotes a few seconds ahead of the market and execute small trades at a tiny but favorable differential as a result. This is made possible by our proprietary pricing model, which continuously evaluates and monitors the risks inherent in our portfolio, assimilates market data and reevaluates the outstanding quotes in our portfolio each second. Our model automatically rebalances our positions throughout the trading day to manage risk exposures on our positions in options, futures and the underlying securities, and will price the increased risk that a position may add to the overall portfolio into the bid and offer prices we post. Continuously, and in real-time, we believe our system maintains an overall position that minimizes the risks from up or down market movements, and at a reasonable cost. The effectiveness of our risk management is monitored closely by our management team. Our assets and liabilities are marked-to-market daily for financial reporting purposes and re-valued continuously throughout the trading day for risk management and asset/liability management purposes. In our brokerage business, we calculate margin requirements for each of our customers on a real-time basis across all product classes and across all currencies. Recognizing that IB's customers are experienced investors, we expect our customers to manage their positions proactively and we provide tools to facilitate our customers' position management. However, if a customer's equity falls below what is required to support that customer's margin requirement, IB will automatically liquidate positions on a real-time basis to bring the customer's account into margin compliance. This is done to protect IB, as well as the customer, from excessive losses and further contributes to our low-cost structure, by avoiding the costs associated with bad debt. Our entire credit management process is automated, and IB does not maintain a margin department, which many traditional brokerage firms employ. Over the past three years, we have experienced losses from bad customer accounts of approximately $972,000, or less than 0.04% of total customer account value during that time period. In summary, the adaptability of our real-time portfolio risk management system for market making and our

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real-time credit management system for customer accounts contributes to our low cost structure by enabling us to minimize losses typically associated with manual risk management.

              Strong financial position.    We maintain a conservative capital structure with a large equity capital base, highly liquid assets and low financial leverage. As of September 30, 2006, we had equity capital of approximately $2.6 billion and our capital base grew organically at a CAGR of approximately 24% from December 2000 to September 2006. As of September 30, 2006 we held $32.2 billion in total assets, approximately $32.0 billion, or 99%, of which were highly liquid and readily convertible to cash. As of September 30, 2006, our long-term debt-to-equity ratio was 11%. In May 2006, we enhanced our financing flexibility by arranging a $300.0 million secured, three-year senior secured revolving credit facility that can also be used as regulatory capital in our broker-dealer subsidiaries. Over the years, we have demonstrated consistent profitability in a variety of market conditions. Our consolidated net income from 2001 to 2005 has ranged from $270.4 million to $535.5 million. Except for two years in the early 1990s when we incurred minor losses, we have been profitable every year since our inception in 1982, when Timber Hill was formed.

Our Strategies

              We plan to continue to grow our business and strengthen our market leadership position by executing the following strategies:

              Capitalize on industry growth trends.    We are well positioned in the financial markets as an automated global electronic market maker and broker. Electronic trading volume in equities, listed options, futures and forex has been growing rapidly. We expect this trend to continue due to the lower cost, the ability to execute quickly without errors, the anonymity associated with electronic trading and the increased knowledge of investors of the advantages of various forms of exchange-listed derivative products. Our global market share in exchange-listed options has grown from 10.5% in 2004 to 13.7% in 2005 to 16.0% during the nine months ended September 30, 2006. On markets where we actively trade, our market share has grown from 12.3% in 2004 to 16.2% in 2005 to 18.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. On U.S. options exchanges, our market share has grown from 12.6% in 2004 to 18.7% in 2005 to 21.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. We intend to continue to use automation to drive trading volume and increase our market share and revenues in these growing industries. We also intend to make selective, strategic investments where such investments will enable us to offer better execution alternatives to our current and prospective customers or create new opportunities for ourselves as market makers or where we can influence exchanges to provide competing products at better prices using sophisticated technology.

              Drive increased trading volume through our low cost structure.    We intend to increase our trading volume by building on our leading position as a low cost provider of market making and brokerage services. Our scale, technology and operational efficiencies provide an advantage in delivering services at a low cost. Due to our high degree of automation, our net profit margins are generally higher than those of our competitors. We intend to maintain or increase our market share by decreasing bid/offer spreads in the market for our customers and to capture more order flow as we compete for market making and customer trades. Similarly, we seek to market ourselves to our current customers and potential new classes of customers such as broker-dealers, hedge funds and conventional money managers based on our position as a low cost provider of the best execution brokerage services to further drive order flow. We will continue to seek to refine our systems and processes to enhance our ability to deliver our services at a low cost.

              Expand into new markets.    We intend to enter electronic markets where we are not currently operating as a market maker or broker, including markets in new geographic locations. We will also

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continue to expand our market making and brokerage services for new security types as they become available. Our technology will be a key enabler in achieving this goal. We generally do not engage in any business that we cannot automate prior to entering into the business. Our entry into new markets starts as a software development project. We seek only to enter new markets or product classes in which the execution of transactions can be automated using our technology. Many of these markets are in nascent stages from an automation and information perspective but have the ability to utilize sophisticated technology. This gives us the opportunity to play a key role in providing liquidity to new markets and products early in their life cycle and, in doing so, to handle a large market share. We enter into any new business only after we have built the appropriate technology interface for that business and have satisfactorily integrated it with our automated platform. Our current customers can then access these new markets and drive trading volumes, and we can attract new customers from the geographic areas where these new markets are located, in order that they can integrate their local investments with a global portfolio. We believe that our technology development skills enable us to enter new markets and add new products more rapidly and efficiently than can our competitors.

              Market our customer offerings to new classes of customers.    We have been increasing our numbers of individual direct market access customers as a result of our low cost structure as well as our superior execution, trading and account management tools. We intend to focus on obtaining institutional customers, such as broker-dealers, hedge funds and conventional money managers, whom we believe will find our "plug and play" systems much more efficient than maintaining their own systems. We intend to add new products, new analytical tools, new order types and new trading features that are in demand by our customers and potential customers. For example, proposed SEC regulations that allow brokers to calculate customer margin requirements based on a portfolio risk-based model are expected to give us an opportunity to attract large trading accounts from hedge funds and other professional traders who currently use the services of prime brokers. We believe that these new portfolio margining rules will decrease the importance of providing leverage to hedge funds beyond those permitted by current U.S. rules (which we do not do) and will allow us to compete on the basis of price, where we are a low price provider of services. We also intend to continue our efforts to popularize OneChicago, an all-electronic securities futures exchange, and SSF products as a vehicle to reduce financing costs for hedge funds, thus providing another growth opportunity.

Market Making—Timber Hill

              We conduct our market making business through our Timber Hill subsidiaries. As one of the largest market makers on many of the world's leading electronic exchanges, we provide liquidity by offering competitively tight bid/offer spreads over a broad base of approximately 324,000 tradable, exchange-listed products, including equity derivative products, equity index derivative products, equity securities and futures. As principal, we commit our own capital and derive revenues or incur losses from the difference between the price paid when securities are bought and the price received when those securities are sold. Because we provide continuous bid and offer quotations and we are continuously both buying and selling quoted securities, we may have either a long or a short position in a particular product at a given point in time. Historically, our profits have been principally a function of transaction volume on electronic exchanges rather than volatility or the direction of price movements. Our strategy is to calculate quotes at which supply and demand for a particular security are likely to be in balance a few seconds ahead of the market and execute small trades at tiny but favorable differentials. Our quotes are based on our proprietary model rather than customer order flow, and we believe that this approach provides us with a competitive advantage.

              As a matter of practice, we will generally not take portfolio positions in either the broad market or the financial instruments of specific issuers in anticipation that prices will either rise or fall. Our entire portfolio is evaluated each second and continuously rebalanced throughout the trading day, thus

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minimizing the risk of our portfolio at all times. This real-time rebalancing of our portfolio, together with our real-time proprietary risk management system, enables us to curtail risk and to be profitable in both up-market and down-market scenarios.

              We are a market leader in exchange-traded equity options and equity-index options and futures. Together with our electronic brokerage customers, during the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we accounted for approximately 16.0% of exchange-listed equity options traded worldwide and approximately 18.8% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded on those markets in which we actively trade, according to data compiled by the FIA based on data received from exchanges worldwide. Our ability to make markets in such a large number of exchanges and market centers simultaneously around the world is one of our core strengths and has contributed to the large volumes in our market making business. We engage in market making operations in North America, Europe and in the Asia/Pacific region as described below.

              North American Market Making Activities.    Our U.S. market making activities are conducted through TH LLC, an SEC-registered securities broker-dealer that conducts market making in equity derivative products, equity index derivative products and equity securities. Since its inception in 1982, TH LLC has grown to become one of the largest of the listed options market makers in the United States. As of September 30, 2006, TH LLC held specialist, primary market maker, designated primary market maker or lead market maker designations in options on approximately 1,000 underlying securities listed in the United States. TH LLC is a member at the American Stock Exchange, Boston Options Exchange, Chicago Board Options Exchange, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Chicago Board of Trade, International Securities Exchange, OneChicago and Philadelphia Stock Exchange. In 2001, TH LLC became a NASDAQ registered market maker, and currently makes markets in approximately 2,300 securities traded through NASDAQ's systems. We also conduct market making activities in Canada through our Canadian subsidiary, Timber Hill Canada Company.

              International Market Making Activities.    Our international market making subsidiaries conduct operations in 20 countries, comprising the major securities markets in the region.

              We began our market making operations in Europe in 1990. In Germany and Switzerland, we have been among the largest equity options market makers in terms of volume on Eurex, the world's largest futures and options exchange, which is jointly operated by Deutsche Börse AG and SWX Swiss Exchange. We have also been active in trading German stocks and warrants as a member of the XETRA, the German electronic stock trading system, and the Frankfurt and Stuttgart stock exchanges; and in Swiss stocks and warrants as a member of the Swiss Exchange (SWX) and Virt-x, a cross-border trading platform for pan-European companies. Our other European operations are conducted on the London Stock Exchange (LSE); the Irish Stock Exchange; the Copenhagen Stock Exchange; the Helsinki Stock Exchange; the Euronext exchanges in Amsterdam, Paris, Brussels, Lisbon and London; EDX, formerly OM, the Swedish and Norwegian options market; the Swedish Stock Exchange (SFB); the MEFF and Bolsa de Valencia in Spain; the IDEM and Borsa Italiana in Milan; and the ÖTOB in Vienna.

              Since 1995, we have conducted market making operations in Hong Kong. Our Hong Kong subsidiary, Timber Hill Securities Hong Kong Ltd (THSHK), is a member of the Hong Kong Futures Exchange and the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. Since 1997 we have conducted operations in Australia. Our Australian subsidiary, Timber Hill Australia Pty Ltd, is a member of the Australian Stock Exchange, and routes orders for its trading on the Sydney Futures Exchange through its affiliate, Interactive Brokers LLC. We commenced trading in Japan during the first half of 2002 and in Korea and Singapore during 2004.

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              In 2005 and the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our net revenues from our market making business were approximately $746.7 million and $749.2 million, respectively, which represented approximately 80% and 77% of our total net revenues, respectively, during such periods.

Electronic Brokerage—Interactive Brokers

              We conduct our electronic brokerage business through our Interactive Brokers (IB) subsidiaries. As an electronic broker, we execute, clear and settle trades globally for both institutional and individual customers. Capitalizing on the technology originally developed for our market making business, IB's systems provide our customers with the capability to monitor multiple markets around the world simultaneously and to execute trades electronically in these markets at a low cost in multiple products and currencies from a single trading account.

              Since launching this business in 1993, we have grown to approximately 77,000 institutional and individual brokerage customers. We provide our customers with what we believe to be one of the most effective and efficient electronic brokerage platforms in the industry. The following are key highlights of our electronic brokerage business:

      Low Costs.    We provide our customers with among the lowest transaction costs in two ways. First, our customers benefit from our advanced routing of orders designed to achieve the best available price. Second, we offer among the lowest execution, commission and financing costs in the industry.

      IB Universal AccountSM.    From a single point of entry in one IB Universal AccountSM, our customers are able to trade products denominated in ten different currencies, across multiple classes of tradable, exchange-listed products, including stocks, bonds, options, futures and forex, traded on more than 50 exchanges and market centers and in 16 countries around the world seamlessly, a listing of which can be found at "Business—Exchanges and Market Centers" below.

      IB SmartRoutingSM.    Our customers benefit from our advanced routing. IB SmartRoutingSM retains control of the customer's order, continuously searches for the best available price and, unlike most other routers, dynamically routes and re-routes all or parts of a customer's order to achieve optimal execution and among the lowest execution and commission costs in the industry, as described under "Business—Transaction Processing" below.

      Flexible and Customizable System.    Our platform is designed to provide an efficient customer experience, beginning with a highly automated account opening process and ending with a fast trade execution, with real-time position monitoring. Our sophisticated interface provides interactive real-time views of account balances, positions, profits or losses, buying power and "what if" scenarios to enable our customers to more easily make informed investment decisions and trade efficiently. Our system is configured to remember the user's preferences and is specifically designed for multi-screen systems. When away from their main workstations, customers are able to access their accounts through our IB WebTraderSM or MobileTrader interfaces.

      Interactive AnalyticsSM and IB Options AnalyticsSM.    We offer our customers state-of-the-art tools, which include a customizable trading platform, advanced analytic tools and sophisticated order types such as guaranteed combination trades. IB also provides real-time option analytics, an arbitrage meter (a tool that illustrates the extent of the premium (or

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        discount) of the lead month futures price above (or below) its fair future value with respect to the index price) and various combinations of charts and other analytical tools.

      White Labeling.    Our large bank and broker-dealer customers may "white label" our trading interface (i.e., make our trading interface available to their customers without referencing our name), or can select from among our modular functionalities, such as order routing, trade reporting or clearing, on specific products or exchanges where they may not have up-to-date technology, in order to offer to their customers a complete global range of services and products.

              IB provides its customers with high-speed trade execution at low commission rates, in large part because it utilizes the backbone technology developed for Timber Hill's market making operations. As a result of our advanced electronic brokerage platform, IB attracts sophisticated and active investors. IB's individual customers generate more DARTs than do typical online customer accounts in the industry. As illustrated in the following graph, from December 2000 to September 2006, the dollar amount of IB customer equity accounts grew at a CAGR of 90%, and the number of IB customer and cleared accounts grew at a CAGR of 44%.

GRAPHIC

              For the year ended December 31, 2005 and the nine months ended September 30, 2006, our net revenues from our electronic brokerage business were approximately $185.4 million and $216.8 million, respectively, which represented approximately 20% and 22% of our total net revenues, respectively, during such periods.

Why IB is Unique

              We believe that IB is unique in the electronic brokerage industry, as it is clearly distinguishable from traditional online brokers, prime brokers and software providers although it provides many of the same services. For that reason, we believe comparisons with companies in these business categories are not true reflections of our performance.

Although we offer all the services of online brokers, we are not in the category of typical online brokers:

              While we offer the services that typical online brokers offer, we also offer capabilities and price points that few online brokers match. We expect our customers to have had trading experience and to understand how financial markets work in detail. Our platform incorporates robust features and is not designed for use by non-professionals. To illustrate our positioning, we offer the following publicly

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available numerical comparisons with a large online broker, Schwab, and a smaller one specializing in derivatives, optionsXpress.

 
  As of and for the Quarter Ended September 30, 2006
 
 
  IB
  Schwab
  optionsXpress
 
Cleared accounts (in thousands)     77     6,761     196  
Cleared DARTs (in thousands)     151     234     24  

Average quarterly trades per account

 

 

124

 

 

2

 

 

8

 
Average commission per cleared trade (including exchange and regulatory fees)   $ 4.49   $ 12.89   $ 18.84  

Interest

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Paid on deposits of more than $100,000     5.04 %   4.61 %   4.07 %
  Charged on margin loans ($100,000 to $1,000,000)     6.29 %   9.06 %   7.25 %

While we offer many of the services of prime brokers, IB is not in the category of typical prime brokers:

              While we have an increasing number of hedge fund customers, there are three important aspects of prime brokerage services we do not offer at this time:

      we do not offer introductions to potential investors;

      we do not execute or carry positions in OTC derivatives; and

      we do not provide special leverage to our customers—that is, we do not extend margin loans beyond what is prescribed by regulatory bodies.

              We expect the importance of this last service to diminish with the introduction of new portfolio margining rules. Portfolio margining, as supported by the exchanges and clearing organizations, would set margin requirements as a function of the largest statistically possible portfolio loss within a wide range of probabilities. See "Business—Regulation—Portfolio Margining" below. We understand regulatory approval of these new rules to be imminent.

              Unlike typical online brokers, prime brokers do not publish their commission or financing rates or other information on their business and therefore we cannot make a direct numerical comparison as with the online brokers. Prime broker charges are typically negotiated and there are no standard rates.

While we offer most features and facilities offered by software providers, we are not a software provider:

              Although we offer most features and facilities that third-party software providers in our business offer, we do not sell, lease or rent our software. We find that operating and maintaining our software, under our control, requires fewer people and can be done much more efficiently. Furthermore, as our market making operation is the largest user of our platform, we are always aware of any problems or opportunities for improvement. We develop all of our software ourselves, which has shielded us from the problems experienced by market participants who rely on third-party software when attempting to update their software.

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              Our platform is interfaced with most of the world's exchanges, clearing organizations and data providers, as a result of additions of products or features or changes in rules or market structure or technology, frequently require changes in our software. Given our position as a primary market maker for many of these exchanges, we must update our software in conformity with exchange modifications and, therefore, we are often the first to incorporate the latest advances in exchange technology. We believe that this is a competitive advantage as our customers are often, for some time, the only ones who can take advantage of the new products and features.

Technology

              We are a technology-focused company. We built our business on the belief that a computerized trading system that could process pricing and integrated risk exposure information quickly would enable us to make markets profitably in many different listed financial instruments simultaneously. Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions. During that time, we have been a pioneer in developing and applying technology as a financial intermediary to increase liquidity and transparency in the capital markets in which we operate. Over the past 29 years, we have developed an automatically functioning, computerized platform that requires minimal human supervision. Our trading system contains unique architectural aspects that, together with our massive trading volume in markets worldwide, impose a significant barrier to entry for firms wishing to compete in our specific businesses and permit us to compete favorably against our competitors.

              The quotes that we provide as market makers are driven by proprietary mathematical models that assimilate market data and reevaluate our outstanding quotes each second. Because our technology infrastructure enables us to process rapidly large volumes of pricing and risk exposure information, we are able to make markets profitably in securities with relatively low spreads between bid and offer prices. As market makers, we must ensure that our interfaces connect effectively and efficiently with each exchange and market center where we make markets and that they are in complete conformity with all the applicable rules of each local venue. Utilizing up-to-date computer and telecommunications systems, we transmit continually updated pricing information directly to exchange computer devices and receive trade and quote information for immediate processing by our systems. As a result, we are able to maintain more effective control over our exposure to price and volatility movements on a real-time basis than many of our competitors. This is important, not only because our system must process, clear and settle several hundred thousand market maker trades per day with a minimal number of errors, but also because the system monitors and manages the risk on the entire portfolio, which generally consists of several million open contracts distributed among more than 100,000 different products. Using our system, which we believe affords an optimal interplay of decentralized trading activity and centralized risk management, we quote markets in approximately 324,000 securities and futures products traded around the world.

              In our electronic brokerage business, our proprietary technology infrastructure enables us to provide our customers with the ability to effect trades at among the lowest execution and commission costs in the industry. Additionally, our customers benefit from real-time systems optimization for our market making business. Customer trades are both automatically captured and reported in real time in our system. Our customers trade on more than 50 exchanges and market centers in 16 countries around the world. All of these exchanges are partially or fully electronic, meaning that a customer can buy or sell a product traded on that exchange via an electronic link from his or her computer terminal through our system to the exchange. We offer our products and services through a global communications network that is designed to provide secure, reliable and timely access to the most current market information. We provide our customers with a variety of means to connect to our brokerage systems, including dedicated point-to-point data lines, virtual private networks and the Internet.

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              Specifically, our customers receive worldwide direct-access connectivity through our Trader Workstation (our real-time Java-based trading platform), our proprietary Application Program Interface (API), and/or industry standard Financial Information Exchange (FIX) connectivity. Customers who want a professional quality trading application with a sophisticated user interface utilize our Trader Workstation. Customers interested in developing program trading applications in MS-Excel, Java, Visual Basic or C++ utilize our API. Large institutions with FIX infrastructure prefer to use our FIX solution for seamless integration of their existing order gathering and reporting applications.

              While many brokerages, including online brokerages, rely on manual procedures to execute many day-to-day functions, IB employs proprietary technology to automate, or otherwise facilitate, many of the following functions:

      account opening process;

      order routing and best execution;

      seamless trading across all types of securities and currencies around the world from one account;

      order types and analytical tools offered to customers;

      delivery of customer information, such as confirmations, customizable real-time account statements and audit trails;

      customer service; and

      risk management through automated real-time credit management of all new orders and margin monitoring.

Research and Development

              One of our core strengths is our expertise in the rapid development and deployment of automated technology for the financial markets. Our core software technology is developed internally, and we do not generally rely on outside vendors for software development or maintenance. To achieve optimal performance from our systems, we are continuously rewriting and upgrading our software. Use of the best available technology not only improves our performance but also helps us attract and retain talented developers. Our software development costs are low because the employees who oversee the development of the software are the same employees who design the application and evaluate its performance. This also enables us to add features and further refine our software rapidly.

              Our internally-developed, fully integrated trading and risk management systems are unique and transact across all product classes on more than 60 markets and 14 currencies around the world. These systems have the flexibility to assimilate new exchanges and new product classes without compromising transaction speed or fault tolerance. Fault tolerance, or the ability to maintain system performance despite exchange malfunctions or hardware failures, is crucial to successful market making and ensuring best executions for brokerage customers. Our systems are designed to detect exchange malfunctions and quickly take corrective actions by re-routing pending orders.

              Our company is technology-focused, and our management team is hands-on and technology-savvy. Most members of the management team write detailed program specifications for new applications. The development queue is prioritized and highly disciplined. Progress on programming

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initiatives is generally tracked on a weekly basis by a steering committee consisting of senior executives. This enables us to prioritize key initiatives and achieve rapid results. All new business starts as a software development project. We generally do not engage in any business that we cannot automate and incorporate into our platform prior to entering into the business.

              The rapid software development and deployment cycle is achieved by our ability to leverage a highly integrated, object oriented development environment. The software code is modular, with each object providing a specific function and being reusable in multiple applications. New software releases are tracked and tested with proprietary automated testing tools. We are not hindered by disparate and often limiting legacy systems assembled through acquisitions. Virtually all of our software has been developed and maintained with a unified purpose.

              For 29 years, we have built and continuously refined our automated and integrated, real-time systems for world-wide trading, risk management, clearing and cash management, among others. We have also assembled a proprietary connectivity network between us and exchanges around the world. Efficiency and speed in performing prescribed functions are always crucial requirements for our systems. As a result, our trading systems are able to assimilate market data, recalculate and distribute streaming quotes for tradable products in all product classes each second.

Transaction Processing

              Our transaction processing is automated over the full life cycle of a trade. Our market making software generates and disseminates to exchanges and market centers continuous bid and offer quotes on approximately 324,000 tradable, exchange-listed products. Our fully automated smart router system searches for the best possible combination of prices available at the time a customer order is placed and immediately seeks to execute that order electronically or send it where the order has the highest possibility of execution at the best price.

              At the moment a trade is executed, our systems capture and deliver this information back to the source, either the market making system or via the brokerage system to the customer, in most cases within a fraction of a second. Simultaneously, the trade record is written into our clearing system, where it flows through a chain of control accounts that allow us to reconcile trades, positions and money until the final settlement occurs. Our integrated software tracks other important activities, such as dividends, corporate actions, options exercises, securities lending, margining, risk management and funds receipt and disbursement.

IB SmartRoutingSM

              IB SmartRoutingSM searches for the best destination price in view of the displayed prices, sizes and accumulated statistical information about the behavior of market centers at the time an order is placed and IB SmartRoutingSM immediately seeks to execute that order electronically. Unlike other smart routers, IB SmartRoutingSM never relinquishes control of the order, and constantly searches for the best price. It continuously evaluates fast-changing market conditions and dynamically re-routes all or parts of the order seeking to achieve optimal execution. IB SmartRoutingSM represents each leg of a spread order independently and enters each leg at the best possible venue. IB SmartRouting AutorecoverySM re-routes a customer's U.S. options order in the case of an exchange malfunction, with IB undertaking the risk of double executions. In addition, IB SmartRoutingSM checks each new order to see if it could be executed against any of its pending orders. As the system gains more users, this feature becomes more important for customers in a world of multiple exchanges and penny price orders because it increases the possibility of best executions for our customers ahead of customers of other brokers.

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Clearing and Margining

              Our activities in the United States are almost entirely self-cleared. We are a full clearing member of The Options Clearing Corporation (OCC), the Chicago Mercantile Exchange Clearing House (CMECH), The Clearing Corporation and The Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation.

              Due to our large positions in broad-based index products, we benefit from the cross-margin system maintained by these clearing houses. For example, if we hold a position in an OCC-cleared product and have an offsetting position in a CMECH-cleared product, the cross-margin computation takes both positions into account, thereby reducing the overall margin requirement. The reduced margin benefit proves especially useful during times of market stress, such as on days with large price movements when intra-day margin calls may be reduced or eliminated by the cross-margin calculation. We are planning to make similar benefits available to customers under an SEC-approved risk-based portfolio margin program.

              In addition, we are self-cleared in the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Belgium, Ireland, France, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland.

Exchanges and Market Centers

              The table below summarizes the exchanges and market centers on which our operating subsidiaries conduct business as well as certain affiliations of these subsidiaries.

Timber Hill LLC
American Stock Exchange
Boston Options Exchange
CBOE Futures Exchange
Chicago Board of Trade
Chicago Board Options Exchange
Chicago Mercantile Exchange
International Securities Exchange
NASDAQ Stock Market
New York Board of Trade
NYSE Arca
OneChicago
Philadelphia Stock Exchange
U.S. Futures Exchange (formerly, Eurex US)
Member, National Association
     of Securities Dealers
Member, National Futures Association
  Interactive Brokers LLC
American Stock Exchange
BondDesk
Boston Options Exchange
Boston Stock Exchange
CBOE Futures Exchange
Chicago Board Options Exchange
Chicago Stock Exchange
International Securities Exchange
National Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
NYSE Arca
OneChicago
Philadelphia Stock Exchange
Sydney Futures Exchange
U.S. Futures Exchange (formerly, Eurex US)
Member, National Association
     of Securities Dealers
Member, National Futures Association

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              Interactive Brokers LLC also subscribes to the following ECNs: ArcaEdge, Bloomberg Tradebook, BRUT, Direct Edge, Track and INET.

Timber Hill Europe AG   Timber Hill Securities Hong Kong Limited
Austrian Futures & Options Exchange (ÖTOB)
Bolsa de Valencia
Borsa Italiana (Borsa Valori di Milano)
Copenhagen Stock Exchange
EDX London
Eurex Deutschland
Eurex Schweiz
Euronext Amsterdam
Euronext Brussels
Euronext Paris
Euronext.Liffe
Euronext Lisbon
Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Helsinki Stock Exchange
Intercontinental Exchange
Korea Stock Exchange
London Stock Exchange
MEFF
Osaka Stock Exchange
Oslo Bors
Singapore Exchange
Stockholm Stock Exchange
Stuttgart Stock Exchange
Swiss Exchange
Tokyo Stock Exchange
Vienna Stock Exchange
Virt-X
XETRA (Deutsche Borse Group)
  Hong Kong Futures Exchange (HKFE)
Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
  
  
Timber Hill Australia Pty LTD
Australian Stock Exchange
  
  
Timber Hill Canada Company
Montreal Exchange
Toronto Stock Exchange
 
 
Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited
Borsa Italiana (IDEM Derivatives Market)
Irish Stock Exchange
London Stock Exchange
  
  
Interactive Brokers Canada Inc.
Toronto Stock Exchange
TSX Venture

Risk Management Activities

              The core of our risk management philosophy is the utilization of our fully-integrated computer systems to perform critical, risk-management activities on a real-time basis. In our market making business, our real-time integrated risk management system seeks to ensure that overall IBG positions are continuously hedged at all times, curtailing risk. In our electronic brokerage business, integrated risk management seeks to ensure that each customer's positions are continuously credit checked and brought into compliance if equity falls short of margin requirements, curtailing bad debt losses.

Market Making

              We employ certain hedging and risk management techniques to protect us from a severe market dislocation. Our risk management policies are developed and implemented by our chairman and our steering committee, which is comprised of senior executives of our various companies. Our strategy is to calculate quotes a few seconds ahead of the market and execute small trades at a tiny but favorable differential as a result. This is made possible by our proprietary pricing model, which evaluates and monitors the risks inherent in our portfolio, assimilates market data and reevaluates the outstanding quotes in our portfolio each second. Our model automatically rebalances our positions throughout each trading day to manage risk exposures both on our options and futures positions and the underlying

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securities, and will price the increased risk that a position would add to the overall portfolio into the bid and offer prices we post. Under risk management policies implemented and monitored primarily through our computer systems, reports to management, including risk profiles, profit and loss analysis and trading performance, are prepared on a real-time basis as well as daily and periodical bases. Although our market making is completely automated, the trading process and our risk are monitored by a team of individuals who, in real-time, observe multiple dimensional representations of various risk parameters of our consolidated positions. Our assets and liabilities are marked-to-market daily for financial reporting purposes and re-valued continuously throughout the trading day for risk management and asset/liability management purposes.

              As illustrated in the table below, since 1990 we have rapidly expanded the number of financial instruments in which we make markets and our market presence. This diversification acts as a passive form of portfolio risk management.

 
  1990
  1998
  2006(1)
Equity option classes   32   510   2,340
Equity securities   38   1,122   7,156
Equity index products   11   86   314
Equity futures       709
Other financial futures       15

Exchanges and market centers

 

8

 

31

 

66

(1)
As of September 30, 2006

              We trade primarily the options on stocks (and individual stocks) where the underlying equity market capitalization is greater than $1 billion. Throughout the trading day we produce online, real-time profit and loss, risk evaluation, activity and other management reports. Our software assembles from external sources a balance sheet and income statements for our accounting department to reconcile the trading system results.

              The adaptability of our portfolio risk management system and trading methods have allowed us to expand not only the number of financial instruments traded but also across markets. For additional information on how our risk management activities may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, please see "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business."

Electronic Brokerage

              IB calculates margin requirements for each of its customers on a real-time basis across all product classes (stocks, options, futures, bonds and forex) and across all currencies. Recognizing that IB's customers are experienced investors, we expect our customers to manage their positions proactively and we provide tools to facilitate our customers' position management. However, if a customer's equity falls below what is required to support that customer's margin, IB will automatically liquidate positions on a real-time basis to bring the customer's account into margin compliance. This is done to protect IB, as well as the customer, from excessive losses and further contributes to our low-cost structure. The entire credit management process is completely automated, and IB does not employ a margin department.

              As a safeguard, all liquidations are displayed on custom-built liquidation monitoring screens that are part of the tool set our technical staff uses to monitor performance of our systems at all times the markets around the world are open. In the event our systems absorb erroneous market data from

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exchanges, which prompts liquidations, risk specialists on our technical staff have the capability to halt liquidations that meet specific criteria. The liquidation halt function is highly restricted.

              IB's customer interface includes color-coding on the account screen and pop-up warning messages to notify customers that they are approaching their margin limits. This feature allows customers to take action, such as entering margin-reducing trades, to avoid having IB liquidate their positions. These tools and real-time margining allow IB's customers to understand their trading risk at any moment of the day and help IB maintain low commissions, by not having to price in the cost of credit losses.

Operational Controls

              We have automated the full cycle of controls surrounding the market making and brokerage business. Key automated controls include the following:

      Our technical operations section continuously monitors our network and the proper functioning of each of our nodes (exchanges, ISPs, leased customer lines and our own data centers) around the world.

      Our real-time credit manager software provides pre- and post-execution controls by

      testing every customer order to ensure that the customer's account holds enough equity to support the execution of the order, rejecting the order if equity is insufficient or directing the order to an execution destination without delay if equity is sufficient; and

      continuously updating a customer account's equity and margin requirements and, if the account's equity falls below its minimum margin requirements, automatically issuing liquidating orders in a smart sequence designed to minimize the impact on account equity.

      Our market making system continuously evaluates approximately 324,000 securities and futures products in which we provide bid and offer quotes and changes its bids and offers in such a way as to maintain an overall hedge and a low-risk profile. The speed of communicating with exchanges and market centers is maximized through continuous software and network engineering innovation, thereby allowing the firm to achieve real-time controls over market exposure.

      Our clearing system captures trades in real-time and performs automated reconciliation of trades and positions, corporate action processing, customer account transfer, options exercise, securities lending and inventory management, allowing the firm to effectively manage operational risk.

      Our accounting system operates with automated data feeds from clearing and banking systems, allowing the firm to produce financial statements for all parts of our business every day by noon on the day following trade date.

      Software developed to interface with the accounting and market making systems performs daily profit and loss reconciliations, which provide tight financial controls over market making functions.

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Customers

              We established our electronic brokerage subsidiary, IB, in 1993 to enhance the use of our global network of trading interfaces, exchange and clearinghouse memberships and regulatory registrations assembled over the prior 16 years to serve our market making business. We realized that electronic access to market centers worldwide through our network could easily be utilized by the very same floor traders and trading desk professionals who, in the coming years, would be displaced by the conversion of exchanges from open outcry to electronic systems.

              We currently service approximately 77,000 cleared customer accounts. Our customers reside in approximately 140 countries around the world. IB currently executes trades for at least two of the largest commercial banks, at least two of the largest bulge bracket investment banks and at least two of the largest online brokers.

              The target IB customer is one that requires the latest in trading technology, derivatives expertise, and worldwide access and expects low overall transaction costs. IB's customers are mainly comprised of "self-service" individuals, former floor traders, trading desk professionals, electronic retail brokers, financial advisors who are comfortable with technology, banks that require global access and hedge funds.

              Our customers fall into three groups based on services provided: cleared customers, trade execution customers and wholesale customers. With the advent of portfolio margining, we believe we will be able to persuade more of our trade execution hedge fund customers to utilize our cleared business solution, which will benefit the hedge funds in terms of cost savings. Many prime brokers offer increased leverage over Regulation T credit limitations and NYSE margin requirements through offshore entities and joint back office arrangements. Through portfolio margining, IB will now be able to offer similar leverage with lower margin requirements that reflect the reduced risk of a hedged portfolio.

      Cleared Customers:    We provide trade execution and clearing services to our cleared customers who are generally attracted to our low commissions, low financing rates, high interest paid and best price execution. From small market making groups and individual market makers, our cleared customer base has expanded over the years to include institutional and individual traders and investors, financial advisors and introducing brokers.

      Trade Execution Customers:    We offer trade execution for customers who choose to clear with another prime broker or a custodian bank; these customers are able to take advantage of our low commissions for trade execution as well as our best price execution.

      Wholesale Customers:    Our wholesale customers, which include some of the largest retail electronic brokers, are generally self-clearing. These customers count on us for our superior options and option/stock combination trade routing and execution and our ability to assist them in satisfying their regulatory requirements to provide best execution to their customers.

              Our non-cleared customers include the large online brokers and increasing numbers of the proprietary and customer trading units of U.S., Canadian and European commercial banks. These customers are attracted by the IB SmartRoutingSM technology as well as our direct access to stock, options, futures, forex and bond markets worldwide.

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              As described in greater detail above under "Business—Technology," our customers receive worldwide direct-access connectivity in one of three ways: the Trader Workstation (our real-time Java-based trading platform), our proprietary API, and/or industry standard FIX connectivity.

Customer Service

              IB's customer service operations are designed around an integrated technical solution that shifts the inquiry/ response process as close to the client as possible. The emphasis on self-help/self-describe methods allows us to provide information and solutions without dependency on a large, personnel-intensive infrastructure. IB currently employs approximately 55 customer service providers.

Website Self-Help

              The foundation of our self-help model is a comprehensive website with substantial detail about all aspects of the trading/investing experience. While many brokerage websites provide primarily marketing and inquiry routing functions, we consider transparent, facile access to information to be the critical differentiating factor to allow sophisticated investors to both select IB as their broker and to thereafter optimize their trading strategies.

              We maintain on our website an extensive library of tutorials and usage guides to help new clients familiarize themselves with the features and functions of the trading interfaces. Our fee models are standardized and fully disclosed, allowing prospective clients to understand easily our pricing, and obviating the need for inquiries to, and negotiations with, sales personnel. We publish details of product availability, contract parameters, interest methods, margin methods, delivery rules and other information.

Customer Education

              We have developed an online "University of IB" which provides the framework for discussion of advanced topics using web-based seminar (webinar) technology. Clients are able to watch, listen, and ask questions online as experts discuss some of the industry's most useful and timely issues. For highly technical topics such as developing programming interfaces to IB's proprietary application program interface, the webinar solution offers us the ability to communicate efficiently with groups of high value clients with special requirements.

Customer Service

              For customers requiring more personalized assistance, we maintain regional call centers in North America, Europe and Asia offering 24-hour support via live chat, web-based ticket interfaces, and telephone. All communication channels are tied into a proprietarily developed central client information management system which, in addition to traditional customer relationship management functionality, also provides automated inquiry routing to specialist teams, notification to appropriate customer service and management personnel, and quality control facilities, as well as data windows into the real-time brokerage system.

              IB's customer service technology permits scalable, efficient rapid response service for professional clients. Customer Service personnel can interact directly with brokerage system functionalities such as trade/order management, risk overview, and regulatory capital compliance, allowing us to efficiently leverage our personnel resources by providing one-touch inquiry or resolution. Approximately 80% of all inquiries are answered and resolved on the first point of contact.

              We also apply the self-help model into inquiry processing. Where possible, inquiries are handled automatically, using straight-through processing response engines to collect required data and process specific requests. Inquiry status and resolution is visible to clients over a secure web interface, where

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they are able refine their questions as needed and configure update/notification methods to include email and text message notifications.

              Telephone technologies incorporate the current state-of-the-art voice over Internet protocol and call routing standards. Integration of Internet telephony directly into the trading interface is one of several initiatives under way to improve our service.

Quality Control

              We operate an aggressive internal quality control program which offers clients the opportunity to evaluate every service interaction. The system automatically notifies managers within seconds of detecting potentially significant issues. The quality assurance management team responds to these issues immediately, in some cases contacting clients directly via telephone within minutes.

Sales and Marketing

              IB has traditionally relied on its superiority in technology and trading costs to sell its broker services. Our marketing and sales strategy is based on education, as we believe that once sophisticated traders and investors fully understand the benefits of superior technology and lower trading costs, they will choose IB as their broker. In recent years, we have increased our sales education efforts with the following:

      A sales team dedicated to selling our IB SmartRoutingSM technology to large retail brokers.

      The introduction of our IB Options Intelligence Report which provides built-in options markets indicators to the public, and can be received on a real-time basis by becoming an IB customer. The Options Intelligence Report is now being posted to third-party websites such as the CBOE and Yahoo.

      A television and print advertising campaign which emphasizes our strengths and competitive advantages in the options markets, including trading options in penny increments.

      A webinar program which provides training on a multitude of technology and product related information. More than 20 webinars are offered by IB and other trading industry partners each month.

      The establishment of a direct mail and direct email database of prospective customers to which we send market education materials on a periodic basis.

      More aggressive use of Internet banners and search providers.

      Dedicated sales teams in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia.

      Introduction of the annual IB Collegiate Trading Olympiad, which allows college students to compete for prizes and jobs by developing program trading applications for the IB trading platform.

      A features poll which allows our customers to nominate new technology ideas and to vote on the nominations.

      Enhanced interaction with the media to emphasize the superiority of IB's technology.

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      A "reference book" website that aims to provide rich offering of trade reference material directly to our customers. This includes users guides, flash tutorials, technical guidelines, a contract database, margin rules, and other detailed information.

              All customer acquisitions are tracked and analyzed based on profitability on a regular basis so that adjustments can quickly be made to our marketing efforts.

              Finally, with the advent of portfolio margining, IB sees an opportunity to further target the hedge fund market. To take advantage of this opportunity we will continue to enhance our worldwide cross product offerings, our options tools and hedge fund administration.

Competition

Market making

              Market makers range from sole proprietors with very limited resources, of which there are still a few hundred left, to a few highly sophisticated groups which have substantially greater financial and other resources, including programmers and other research and development personnel, than we do. Along with the ongoing conversion of exchanges from floor-based, open outcry arenas to electronic matching systems, Timber Hill's competitors have changed from many individuals or groups of traders to large, integrated broker-dealers. Today, Timber Hill's major competitors are Citigroup, UBS, Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Citadel and Morgan Stanley. Most of our competitors in market making are much larger than we are and have more captive order flow, although this is less true with respect to our narrow focus on options, futures and ETFs listed on electronic exchanges. In order to compete successfully, we believe that we must have more sophisticated, versatile and robust software than our competitors. This is our primary focus, as contrasted with many of our competitors. With respect to these competitors, Timber Hill maintains the advantage of having had much longer experience with the development and usage of its proprietary electronic brokerage and market making systems. Market conditions that are difficult for other market participants often present Timber Hill with the opportunities inherent in diminished competition. Our advantage is our expertise and decades of single-minded focus on developing our technology. This enables us to have a unique platform specializing strictly in electronic market making and brokerage.

Electronic brokerage

              The market for electronic brokerage services is rapidly evolving and highly competitive. IB believes that it neither fits within the definition of a traditional broker nor a prime broker. IB's primary competitors include offerings targeted to professional traders by large retail online brokers (such as E*TRADE's Power E*TRADE Pro business and Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.'s CyberTrader business) and the prime brokerage and electronic brokerage arms of major investment banks and brokers (such as Goldman Sachs' RediPlus business and Morgan Stanley's Passport business). We also encounter competition to a lesser extent from full commission brokerage firms including Merrill Lynch, Smith Barney (a division of Citigroup), as well as other financial institutions, some of which provide online brokerage services. The electronic brokerage businesses of many of our competitors are relatively insignificant in the totality of their firms' business. IB provides access to a global range of products from a single IB Universal AccountSM and professional level executions and pricing, which positions it in competition with niche direct-access providers and prime brokers. In addition, IB provides sophisticated order types and analytical tools that give a competitive edge to its customers.

Strategic Investments

              From time to time, we seek to make targeted investments in related businesses where we can contribute our technological expertise and extensive knowledge of financial markets structure, in the

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United States and abroad. Investments in the Boston Options Exchange (BOX), the newly-created ISE Stock Exchange and CBOE Stock Exchange and the OneChicago futures exchange are examples.

              In 2002, we became a founding member of the newly-created fully electronic BOX, which was the first options exchange to introduce a price improvement mechanism, which allows customers to receive better prices than National Best Bid and Offer by having market makers compete for the order via an auction, and by offering better prices denominated in pennies. Since introduction of price improvement by BOX, other leading U.S. options exchanges adopted similar mechanisms which have not attracted as much volume so far.

              In 2006, we made an equity investment in OneChicago, LLC, an all-electronic security futures exchange. OneChicago is a leading provider of SSFs, a low-cost alternative to trading stock. SSFs are futures whose underlying assets are an individual stock or a narrow-based index. Because SSFs are margined like futures, they require a fraction of the funds needed to purchase stocks and allow investors to avoid paying for margin loans. In addition, SSFs provide hedge funds and other traders and investors, large and small, with the means to drastically reduce financing costs associated with their stock positions. As a futures broker, we can offer SSFs whereas traditional online brokers that are not also futures brokers cannot offer SSFs. Prime brokers may offer SSFs but not as seamlessly as we can. We believe that the ability to offer SSFs to our customers gives us an additional competitive advantage.

              In 2006, we made an investment in the newly-created, fully-electronic ISE Stock Exchange, which began to offer in September 2006 a continuous, instantaneous, fully automated and anonymous matching platform for trading stock. In 2006, we also made an investment in CBOE Stock Exchange, which is planning to commence its operations in February 2007.

Regulation

              Our securities and derivatives businesses are extensively regulated by U.S. federal and state regulators, foreign regulatory agencies, and numerous exchanges and self-regulatory organizations of which our subsidiaries are members. In the current era of heightened regulation of financial institutions, we expect to incur increasing compliance costs, along with the industry as a whole.

Overview

              As registered U.S. broker-dealers, IB and TH LLC are subject to the rules and regulations of the Exchange Act, and as members of various exchanges, we are also subject to such exchanges' rules and requirements. Additionally, as registered futures commission merchants, IB and TH LLC are subject to the Commodity Exchange Act and rules promulgated by the CFTC and the various commodity exchanges of which they are members. Finally, we are subject to the requirements of various self-regulatory organizations such as the NASD and the National Futures Association (NFA). Our foreign affiliates are similarly regulated under the laws and institutional framework of the countries in which they operate.

              U.S. broker-dealers and futures commission merchants are subject to laws, rules and regulations that cover all aspects of the securities and derivatives business, including:

      sales methods;

      trade practices;

      use and safekeeping of customers' funds and securities;

      capital structure;

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      record-keeping;

      financing of customers' purchases; and

      conduct of directors, officers and employees.

              In addition, the businesses that we may conduct are limited by our agreements with the NASD and our oversight by the NYSE. Both of these organizations scrutinize their members' entry into new businesses. This process is time-consuming and may not be successful. Likewise, participation in new business lines, including trading of new products or participation on new exchanges or in new countries often requires governmental and/or exchange approvals, which may take significant time and resources. As a result, we may be prevented from entering new businesses that may be profitable in a timely manner, or at all.

              As certain of our subsidiaries are members of the NASD, we are subject to certain regulations regarding changes in control of our ownership. NASD Rule 1017 generally provides that NASD approval must be obtained in connection with any transaction resulting in a change in control of a member firm. The NASD defines control as ownership of 25% or more of the firm's equity by a single entity or person and would include a change in control of a parent company. As a result of these regulations, our future efforts to sell shares or raise additional capital may be delayed or prohibited by the NASD.

Net Capital Rule

              The SEC, NASD, CFTC and various other regulatory agencies within the United States have stringent rules and regulations with respect to the maintenance of specific levels of net capital by regulated entities. Generally, a broker-dealer's capital is net worth plus qualified subordinated debt less deductions for certain types of assets. The Net Capital Rule requires that at least a minimum part of a broker-dealer's assets be maintained in a relatively liquid form.

              If these net capital rules are changed or expanded, or if there is an unusually large charge against our net capital, our operations that require the intensive use of capital would be limited. A large operating loss or charge against our net capital could adversely affect our ability to expand or even maintain these current levels of business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

              The SEC, NASD and NYSE impose rules that require notification when net capital falls below certain predefined criteria. These rules also dictate the ratio of debt-to-equity in the regulatory capital composition of a broker-dealer, and constrain the ability of a broker-dealer to expand its business under certain circumstances. If a firm fails to maintain the required net capital, it may be subject to suspension or revocation of registration by the applicable regulatory agency, and suspension or expulsion by these regulators could ultimately lead to the firm's liquidation. Additionally, the Net Capital Rule and certain NASD rules impose requirements that may have the effect of prohibiting a broker-dealer from distributing or withdrawing capital and requiring prior notice to the SEC and the NASD for certain capital withdrawals.

Supervision and Compliance

              Our Compliance Department supports and seeks to ensure proper operations of our market making and electronic brokerage businesses. The philosophy of the Compliance Department, as of our company as a whole, is to build automated systems to try to eliminate manual steps and errors in the compliance process and then to augment these systems with human staff who apply their judgment where needed. We have built automated systems to handle wide-ranging compliance issues such as trade

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and audit trail reporting, financial operations reporting, enforcement of short sale rules, enforcement of margin rules and pattern day trading restrictions, review of employee correspondence, archival of required records, execution quality and order routing reports, approval and documentation of new customer accounts, and anti-money laundering and anti-fraud surveillance. In light of our automated operations and our automated compliance systems, we have a smaller and more efficient Compliance Department than many traditional securities firms. Nonetheless, we have increased the staffing in our Compliance Department over the past several years to meet the increased regulatory burdens faced by all industry participants.

              IB and Timber Hill each have a Chief Compliance Officer who reports to its General Counsel and its internal audit and compliance committee. These Chief Compliance Officers, plus certain other senior staff members, are NASD-registered principals with supervisory responsibility over the various aspects of our business. Staff members in the Compliance Department or in other departments of the firm are also registered with NASD, NFA, NYSE or other regulatory organizations.

Regulation NMS

              On various dates throughout 2007, the U.S. securities industry is scheduled to implement a number of new rules contained in Regulation NMS (Reg NMS), which was approved by the SEC in June 2005 and makes a number of changes to the U.S. national market structure for equities. Among other things, Reg NMS governs how market centers provide access to their quotations, changes the way market data fees are paid and distributed, and prevents quoting in sub-penny increments. The most controversial aspect of Reg NMS is the "Trade-Through Rule," which generally prevents a market center from trading a stock at a price worse than an electronically accessible quote for the same stock displayed on a competing market center.

              It is difficult to predict exactly how Reg NMS will affect IB's businesses, although IB and Timber Hill are well-positioned to benefit to the extent that Reg NMS increases transparency and automation in the U.S. equity markets. IBG LLC participated in various panel discussions and filed comment letters during the SEC's formulation and evaluation of Reg NMS, and IB was an early proponent and supporter of the Reg NMS initiative. Some exchanges and market centers, especially the NYSE, have already increased their efforts to automate more stock executions rather than rely on human brokers and specialists to match trades. Our brokerage and proprietary trading businesses are benefiting and should continue to benefit from this trend toward automatic executions, which increase the speed and transparency of trading and reduce the ability of human traders to commit fraud by "backing away" or changing their quotes after we send them an order, or by front-running orders.

              With respect to the specific functionality of IB's brokerage platform, increased availability of automatic execution on stock exchanges will tend to make IB's automated platform more useful and valuable. On the other hand, the new Reg NMS Trade-Through Rule could pose a competitive threat to the IB SmartRoutingSM system for stocks, because exchanges likely will build improved linkages to send orders to each other when an exchange is not itself offering the best posted price. An order smart routed by IB will always trade sooner than one that is linked by one exchange to another.

              While increased competition from exchanges to provide "smart" order routing services is likely, IB is expected to have many advantages over any exchange systems, including the facts that:

      IB has nearly a decade's lead in developing smart routing technology and network infrastructure;

      IB's system is connected to a broad array of exchanges, ECNs and market makers;

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      the IB SmartRoutingSM system has the ability to split orders and route them to different markets and then re-route each piece as market conditions change;

      that multiple products in addition to stocks are available on the IB platform; and

      IB offers clearing, financing, custodial and many other services to its customers that exchanges are not in a position to provide.

Portfolio Margining

              Portfolio margining allows customers to take advantage of reduced margin requirements based on the risk of their combined equities and derivatives positions instead of traditional static margin requirements that are based on percent of value for each security that the customers hold. This risk-based margining is expected to allow for a more realistic representation of risk in a customer's portfolio, giving the benefit of lower margin requirements to hedged portfolios. As a result, IB will be more competitive with the largest U.S. prime clearing broker-dealers who use their balance sheets to provide financing to customers. IB caters to sophisticated customers who utilize hedging to reduce risk in their portfolios and benefit from risk-based margin approach.

              Currently portfolio margining is only available for market-based index products but its expansion to stocks, options and futures is being considered by the SEC.

Patriot Act and Increased Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and "Know-Your- Customer" Obligations

              Registered broker-dealers traditionally have been subject to a variety of rules that require that they "know their customers" and monitor their customers' transactions for suspicious financial activities. With the passage of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the Patriot Act), broker-dealers are now subject to even more stringent requirements. Likewise, the SEC, CFTC, foreign regulators, and the various exchanges and SROs of which IB companies are members have passed numerous new AML and customer due diligence rules. There are significant criminal and civil penalties that can be imposed for violations of the Patriot Act, and significant fines and regulatory penalties can be imposed for violations of other governmental and SRO AML rules.

              As required by the Patriot Act and other new rules, we have established comprehensive anti-money laundering and customer identification procedures, designated an AML compliance officer, trained our employees and conducted independent audits of our program. Our anti-money laundering screening is conducted using a mix of automated and manual review and has been structured to comply with recent regulations. We collect required information through our new account process and then screen accounts with databases for the purposes of identity verification and for review of negative information and appearance on the Office of Foreign Assets and Control, Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons lists. Additionally, we have developed methods for risk control and continue to add upon specialized processes, queries and automated reports designed to identify money laundering, fraud and other suspicious activities.

              As part of their routine examination schedules, both the NYSE and the SEC conducted examinations of IB during 2005, which included reviews of IB's customer identification and surveillance procedures. Both the SEC and the NYSE examination reports contained findings requiring that IB strengthen its procedures or make amendments to its policies and practices to further enhance its AML efforts. IB has made significant enhancements in response to these findings and is continuing to augment its efforts to verify the identities of its customers and monitor their transactions (including adding new

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databases containing the names of suspicious persons against which we check new customers, adding new surveillance reports and hiring additional surveillance personnel).

Business Continuity Planning

              Federal regulators and industry self-regulatory organizations have passed a series of rules in the past several years requiring regulated firms to maintain business continuity plans that describe what actions firms would take in the event of a disaster (such as a fire, natural disaster or terrorist incident) that might significantly disrupt operations. IB has developed business continuity plans that describe steps that the firm and its employees would take in the event of various scenarios. The firm has built a backup site for certain of its operations at its Chicago facilities that would be utilized in the event of a significant outage at the firm's Greenwich headquarters. In addition, the firm has strengthened the infrastructure at its Greenwich headquarters and has built redundancy of certain systems so that certain operations can be handled from multiple offices.

Foreign Regulation

              Our international subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation in the various jurisdictions where they have operations. The most significant of our international subsidiaries are THE, registered to do business in Switzerland as a securities dealer, THSHK, registered to do business in Hong Kong as a securities dealer, THA, registered to do business in Australia as a securities dealer and futures broker, IBUK, registered to do business in the U.K. as a broker, IBC and THC, registered to do business in Canada as an investment dealer and securities dealer, respectively.

              As with those U.S. subsidiaries subject to NASD rules, the ability of our regulated U.K. subsidiary, IBUK, to pay dividends or make capital distributions may be impaired due to applicable capital requirements. IBUK is subject to "consolidated" regulation, in addition to being subject to regulation on a legal entity basis. Consolidated regulation impacts the regulated entity and its parent holding companies in the United Kingdom, including the regulated entity's ability to pay dividends or distribute capital.

              IBUK is also subject to regulations regarding changes in control similar to those described above under "—Overview." Under FSA rules, regulated entities must obtain prior approval for any transaction resulting in a change in control of a regulated entity. Under applicable FSA rules, control is broadly defined as a 10% interest in the regulated entity or its parent or otherwise exercising significant influence over the management of the regulated entity. As a result of these regulations, our future efforts to sell shares or raise additional capital may be delayed or prohibited by the FSA.

              In Hong Kong, the SFC regulates our subsidiary, THSHK, as a securities dealer. The compliance requirements of the SFC include, among other things, net capital requirements and stockholders' equity requirements. The SFC regulates the activities of the officers, directors, employees and other persons affiliated with THSHK and requires the registration of such persons.

              In Canada, both THC and IBC are subject to the IDA risk adjusted capital requirement. In Switzerland, THE is subject to the Swiss National Bank eligible equity requirement. In Australia, THA is subject to the Australian Stock Exchange liquid capital requirement.

              For additional information on how regulatory considerations may affect our business prospects, please see "Risk Factors."

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Payment for Order Flow

              Five of the six U.S. options exchanges have recently expanded their SEC-approved programs to make payments to broker-dealers in return for receiving customer orders. The BOX does not facilitate payment for order flow. These programs were instituted to help exchanges attract order flow and replaced informal historical arrangements that accomplished the same on a much smaller scale. The IB SmartRoutingSM software searches for the best bids and offers on multiple-listed options, which often results in orders being sent and executed on exchanges that pay for order flow. As a result, IB collects payments for order flow from exchanges and records them in "Other Income." Since this revenue is incidental to our business and difficult to predict accurately, we record it on a "best knowledge" basis, as data is made available by exchanges, instead of on a pure accrual method. Conversely, as a market maker on the U.S. options exchanges and a participant in these exchange-mandated payment programs, Timber Hill records an expense for order flow payments it is required to make. Our automatic order routing software ensures that best execution is achieved and payment for order flow does not affect the routing of orders in a manner detrimental to our customers.

Employees and Culture

              We take pride in our technology-focused company culture and embrace it as one of our fundamental strengths. We remain committed to improving our technology, and we try to minimize corporate hierarchy to facilitate efficient communication among employees. We have assembled what we believe is a highly talented group of employees. As we grow, we expect to continue to provide significant rewards for our employees who provide significant value to us and the world's financial markets.

              As of September 30, 2006, we had 517 employees, all of whom were employed on a full-time basis. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.

Properties

              Our headquarters are located in Greenwich, Connecticut. We lease approximately 64,500 square feet for our headquarters, which lease expires in the year 2014. We also lease facilities in 8 other locations throughout parts of the world where we conduct our operations, which are located in Chicago, expiring in 2011; Zug, Switzerland, expiring in 2007; Hong Kong, expiring in 2009; London, expiring in 2015; Sydney, Australia, expiring in 2009; Montreal, Canada, expiring in 2009; Budapest, Hungary, expiring in 2007; and Washington D.C., currently month to month. The lease with respect to the Washington D.C. location is expected to be renewed. Unless otherwise indicted, all properties are used by both our market making and electronic brokerage segments. We believe our present facilities, together with our current options to extend lease terms, are adequate for our current needs.

              The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our leased facilities:

Location

  Space
  Principal Usage
Greenwich, CT   64,451 sq. feet   Headquarters and data center
Chicago, IL   24,742 sq. feet   Office space and data center
Washington, D.C.   416 sq. feet   Office space
Montreal, Canada   4,668 sq. feet   Office space
London, United Kingdom   2,283 sq. feet   Office space and data center
Zug, Switzerland   15,515 sq. feet   Office space and data center
Sydney, Australia   1,313 sq. feet   Office space
Hong Kong   3,590 sq. feet   Office space and data center
Budapest, Hungary   970 sq. feet   Office space

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Intellectual Property

              We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret, and fair business practice laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary technology, intellectual property rights and our brand. We also enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants, and confidentiality agreements with other third parties, and we rigorously control access to proprietary technology.

              In addition to using marks protected by common law usage (including IB, IB Trader Workstation, IB Options Analytics, IB SmartRouting, IB SmartRouting Autorecovery and Interactive Analytics), we also use the following service marks that have been registered or applied for with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office:

Intellectual Property

  Registration Type
  Place of Registration
  Registration No.
Pit Trading Person   Service Mark   U.S. Patent & Trademark Office   2078131
InteractiveBrokers.com   Service Mark   U.S. Patent & Trademark Office   2390621
        European Community Trademark
    Office (OHIM)
  1313667
IB Universal Account   Service Mark   U.S. Patent & Trademark Office   2724295
IB Web Trader   Service Mark   U.S. Patent & Trademark Office   3045411
The IB Options Intelligence
    Report
  Service Mark   U.S. Patent & Trademark Office   Application No. 78-965055
Intelligent Design That Even
    Darwin Could Appreciate
  Service Mark   U.S. Patent & Trademark Office   Application No. 78/738,093

Legal Proceedings and Regulatory Matters

              The securities industry is highly regulated and many aspects of our business involve substantial risk of liability. In recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of litigation involving the securities brokerage industry, including class action suits that generally seek substantial damages, including in some cases punitive damages. Compliance and trading problems that are reported to federal, state and provincial securities regulators, securities exchanges or other self-regulatory organizations by dissatisfied customers are investigated by such regulatory bodies, and, if pursued by such regulatory body or such customers, may rise to the level of arbitration or disciplinary action. We are also subject to periodic regulatory audits and inspections.

              Like other securities brokerage firms, we have been named as a defendant in law suits and from time to time we have been threatened with, or named as a defendant in, arbitrations and administrative proceedings. The following contains information regarding potentially material pending litigation and pending regulatory inquiries. We may in the future become involved in additional litigation or regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of our business, including litigation or regulatory proceedings that could be material to our business.

Potentially Material Pending Litigation

              Kevin Steele Matter—National Futures Association Complaint Against Interactive Brokers; Commodity Futures Trading Commission Inquiry; and Related Threatened Civil Litigation

              On May 25, 2005, the CFTC filed a civil action against Kevin Steele, a former customer of IB, for fraud and for failure to register as a commodity pool operator. The CFTC alleged that Mr. Steele had solicited approximately $7.5 million in funds from more than 200 investors and was operating an

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unregistered commodity investment pool in an ordinary, individual investment account held in Steele's name at IB. The CFTC alleged in its complaint against Mr. Steele that Mr. Steele had misrepresented the nature of his account with IB when he opened the account and had made repeated misrepresentations to IB personnel regarding the nature of the account. The IB account held in Mr. Steele's name suffered substantial losses. The CFTC and Mr. Steele's customers are conducting an inquiry into IB's handling of Mr. Steele's IB account.

              On June 2, 2006, the Business Conduct Committee of the NFA, IB's designated self-regulatory organization for futures trading, filed a complaint against IB (06-BCC-010) for violation of NFA By-Law 1101 and related rules. NFA By-Law 1101 prevents an NFA member from doing business with non-members of NFA who are required to be registered with the CFTC. The NFA asserted in its complaint that IB knew or should have known that Mr. Steele was required to be registered with the CFTC and had failed to register. The NFA complaint also includes several unrelated alleged books and records violations arising from a routine NFA audit of IB in 2004. IB filed its answer to the NFA complaint denying its allegations on August 11, 2006. No hearing date in the case had been set.

Pending Regulatory Inquiries

              IB's businesses are heavily regulated by state, federal and foreign regulatory agencies as well as numerous exchanges and self-regulatory organizations. IB's various companies are regulated under state securities laws, U.S. and foreign securities, commodities and financial services laws and under the rules of more than 25 exchanges and SROs. In the current era of dramatically heightened regulatory scrutiny of financial institutions, IB has incurred sharply increased compliance costs, along with the industry as a whole. Increased regulation also creates increased barriers to entry, however, and IB has built human and automated infrastructure to handle increased regulatory scrutiny, which provides IB an advantage over potential newcomers to the business.

              IB receives hundreds of regulatory inquiries each year in addition to being subject to frequent regulatory examinations. The great majority of these inquiries do not lead to fines or any further action against IB. Most often, regulators do not inform IB as to when and if an inquiry has been concluded. IB companies are currently the subject of regulatory inquiries regarding topics such as order audit trail reporting, trade reporting, short sales, market making obligations, anti-money laundering, business continuity planning and other topics of recent regulatory interest. There are no formal regulatory enforcement actions pending against IB's regulated entities, except as specifically disclosed herein and IB is unaware of any specific regulatory matter that, itself, or together with similar regulatory matters, would have a material impact on IB's financial condition. Nonetheless, in the current climate, IB expects to pay significant regulatory fines on various topics on an ongoing basis, as other regulated financial services businesses do. The amount of any fines, and when and if they will be incurred, is impossible to predict given the nature of the regulatory process.

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MANAGEMENT

Directors and Executive Officers

              The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our current directors and executive officers.

Name

  Age
  Position

Thomas Peterffy

 

62

 

Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President

Earl H. Nemser

 

59

 

Vice Chairman and Director

Paul J. Brody

 

46

 

Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Director

Thomas A.J. Frank

 

51

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer

Milan Galik

 

40

 

Senior Vice President, Software Development and Director

              Thomas Peterffy.    Mr. Peterffy emigrated from Hungary to the United States in 1965. After working for 10 years as a computer programmer, he became a member of the American Stock Exchange in 1977. As an individual floor trader, he founded the firm which became our company. As Chief Executive Officer and President, Mr. Peterffy is active in our day-to-day management.

              Earl H. Nemser.    Mr. Nemser has been our Vice Chairman since 1988. Mr. Nemser also serves as director and/or officer for various subsidiaries of IBG LLC. Mr. Nemser has served as Special Counsel to the law firm Dechert LLP since January 2005. Prior to such time Mr. Nemser served as Partner at the law firms of Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman, LLP from 1995 to December 2004 and Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP from prior to 1995. Please see "Related Party Transactions—Legal Representation." Mr. Nemser received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from New York University in 1967 and a Juris Doctor, magna cum laude, from Boston University School of Law in 1970.

              Paul J. Brody.    Mr. Brody joined us in 1987 and has served as Chief Financial Officer since December 2003. Mr. Brody serves as director and/or officer for various subsidiaries of IBG LLC. Mr. Brody also serves as a director of the Options Clearing Corporation of which Timber Hill LLC and IB are members. Mr. Brody received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from Cornell University in 1982.

              Thomas A.J. Frank.    Dr. Frank joined us in 1985 and has served since July 1999 as Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer of Interactive Brokers LLC. In addition, Dr. Frank has served as Vice President of Timber Hill LLC since December 1990. Dr. Frank received a Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985.

              Milan Galik.    Mr. Galik joined us in 1990 as a software developer and has served since October 2003 as Senior Vice President, Software Development of IBG LLC. In addition, Mr. Galik has served as Vice President of Timber Hill LLC since April 1998. Mr. Galik received a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Budapest in 1990.

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Our Board of Directors

              Immediately following the consummation of this offering, our board of directors will consist of five directors, one of whom will be an independent director. Thomas Peterffy will serve as chairman of our board of directors. We expect to appoint two other independent directors within one year after this offering, in compliance with NASDAQ Global Select Market Rules.

      Committees of Our Board of Directors

              Prior to or immediately following the consummation of this offering, our board of directors will establish an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. The composition, duties and responsibilities of these committees are set forth below. In the future, our board of directors may establish other committees, as it deems appropriate, to assist it with its responsibilities. As a controlled company, we will not be required by The NASDAQ Global Select Market to have a compensation committee or a nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors.

      Audit Committee

              Our board of directors will designate an audit committee consisting of at least three directors, at least one of whom we expect to be an "audit committee financial expert" as defined in the SEC rules. The audit committee will be comprised of independent directors, subject to the following phase-in periods available to companies listing on The NASDAQ Global Select Market in connection with an initial public offering: (1) one independent member at the time of listing; (2) a majority of independent members within 90 days of listing; and (3) all independent members within one year of listing. Committee members will hold office for a term of one year. Each member of the audit committee will be financially literate at the time such member is appointed. The composition of the audit committee will satisfy the independence and other requirements of The NASDAQ Global Select Market and the SEC.

              The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:

      directly appointing, retaining, evaluating, compensating and terminating our independent registered public accounting firm;

      discussing with our independent registered public accounting firm auditors their independence from management;

      reviewing with our independent registered public accounting firm auditors the scope and results of their audit;

      pre-approving all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm;

      overseeing the financial reporting process and discussing with management and our independent registered public accounting firm the interim and annual financial statements that we file with the SEC; and

      reviewing and monitoring our accounting principles, policies and financial and accounting controls.

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      Compensation Committee

              Our board of directors will designate a compensation committee that will consist of at least three directors. The primary responsibility of the compensation committee will be to develop and oversee the implementation of our philosophy with respect to the compensation of our officers.

              In that regard, the compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:

      reviewing and recommending director compensation policies to the board of directors;

      making recommendations, at least annually, to the board of directors regarding our policies relating to the amounts and terms of all compensation of our executive officers; and

      administering and discharging the authority of the board of directors with respect to our equity plans.

      Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

              Our board of directors will designate a nominating and corporate governance committee that will consist of at least three directors.

              The nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things:

      selecting potential candidates to be nominated for election to the board of directors;

      recommending potential candidates for election to the board of directors;

      reviewing corporate governance matters; and

      making recommendations to the board of directors concerning the structure and membership of board committees.

IBG LLC Steering Committee

              The management of IBG LLC and its subsidiaries is governed by a committee of our executive officers and certain other members of senior management, which we refer to as the steering committee. The steering committee handles day-to-day and strategic management issues. After the Recapitalization, the steering committee will report to our board of directors.

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Executive Compensation

              The following tables summarize, for the periods indicated, the principal components of compensation for the Chief Executive Officer and the four other executive officers (collectively, the named executive officers) for the year ended December 31, 2005:

Summary Compensation Table

 
   
  Annual Compensation(1)
Name and Principal Position

  Year
  Salary
  Bonus
  Other Annual
Compensation(2)


Thomas Peterffy
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President

 

2005

 

$

1,200,000

 

 


 

 


Earl H. Nemser
Vice Chairman and Director

 

2005

 

$

430,000

 

 


 

$

100,000

Paul J. Brody
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Director

 

2005

 

$

250,000

 

$

550,000

 

$

500,000

Thomas A.J. Frank
Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer

 

2005

 

$

250,000

 

$

725,000

 

 


Milan Galik
Senior Vice President, Software Development and Director

 

2005

 

$

250,000

 

$

2,000,000

 

$

2,000,000

(1)
IBG LLC has operated in the form of a limited liability company. The amounts in this summary compensation table do not include distributions received by each named executive officer from IBG LLC relating to invested capital in IBG LLC, as these amounts do not constitute executive compensation. In 2005 and 2006, IBG LLC made distributions to Messrs. Peterffy, Nemser, Brody, Frank and Galik in the approximate amounts of $89,941,000, $1,043,000, $1,305,000, $3,348,000 and $1,357,000, respectively, in respect of each named executive officer's allocable share of IBG LLC's income for the year ended December 31, 2005.

(2)
Other Annual Compensation consists of non-transferable member interests in IBG LLC, which confer ownership rights in IBG LLC and entitle the holders to their proportionate share of the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC based on their holding percentages. Except as to Mr. Nemser, one-half of these interests are referred to in this prospectus as "unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests" and one-half of these interests are referred to in this prospectus as "restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests". The unrestricted and restricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests are described elsewhere in this prospectus in the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure" beginning on page 35.

Executive Employment Agreements

              Historically, we have not entered into employment agreements with our executive officers, and we do not plan on entering into employment agreements at this time. The non-disclosure, non-competition and non-solicitation agreements currently in effect between our subsidiaries and our officers and other employees will remain in effect after this offering.

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Employee Incentive Plan

              Prior to the consummation of this offering, we, IBG LLC and IBG Holdings LLC intend to adopt an employee incentive plan. The purpose of the employee incentive plan will be to promote our long-term financial success by attracting, retaining and rewarding eligible participants.

              The employee incentive plan will be administered by our compensation committee. The compensation committee will have discretionary authority to determine which employees will be eligible to participate in the employee incentive plan. The compensation committee will establish the terms and conditions of the awards under the employee incentive plan, including the number of awards offered to each employee and all other terms and conditions applicable to such awards in individual grant agreements. Awards are expected to be made through grants of restricted shares of common stock. The employee incentive plan will provide that awards will be subject to vesting over time and may be forfeited upon an employee's violation of certain non-competition and other applicable covenants, unless determined otherwise by the compensation committee.

              The employee incentive plan will provide that, upon a change in control, the compensation committee may, at its discretion, fully vest any restricted shares of common stock awarded under the employee incentive plan, or provide that any such restricted shares of common stock will be honored or assumed, or new rights substituted therefor by the new employer on a substantially similar basis and on terms and conditions substantially comparable to those of the employee incentive plan.

              We expect to issue awards, at the time of this offering and on or about January 1 of each year following this offering, to specific employees as part of an overall plan of equity compensation. The restricted shares of common stock to be issued at the time of this offering are expected to vest according to the following schedule:

      10% of such restricted shares of common stock on the date of this offering; and

      an additional 15% of such restricted shares of common stock on each of the first six anniversaries of the date of this offering, assuming continued employment with us and compliance with non-competition and other applicable covenants.

              Under applicable tax law, we will be required to withhold an amount based on the value of the shares upon their vesting, and remit the withheld amount to the IRS and other taxing authorities. To effect that withholding, we may redeem a portion of the shares with an aggregate fair market value equal to the amount of taxes we are required to withhold and remit. For instance, if 1,000 shares would become issuable and we were required to withhold an amount equal to 40% of the value, we would redeem 400 shares and the employee would reclaim 600 shares. The source of funds for the amount to be remitted to the IRS shares will be a redemption by IBG LLC of a corresponding number of our interests in IBG LLC.

Return on Investment Dollar Units

              Certain employees of IBG LLC currently hold Return on Investment Dollar Units (ROI Units) that entitle each holder thereof to accumulated earnings on the face value of the certificate representing his or her ROI Units. Subsequent to this offering, no additional ROI Units will be granted, as non-cash compensation of employees will consist primarily of grants of restricted shares of common stock, as described above under "—Employee Incentive Plan." In connection with this offering, ROI Units may, at the employee's option, be redeemed for cash as currently provided for under the current ROI Unit plan, or the accumulated earnings attributable to the ROI Units as of December 31, 2006 may be converted into restricted shares of common stock. For ROI Unit holders electing to convert their ROI Units into restricted

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shares of common stock in connection with this offering, the shares will be issued in accordance with the following schedule, subject to the conditions below:

      10% on the date of this offering; and

      an additional 15% on each of the first six anniversaries of the date of this offering, assuming continued employment with us and compliance with applicable covenants.

              Under applicable tax law, we will be required to withhold an amount based on the value of the shares upon their vesting, and remit the withheld amount to the IRS and other taxing authorities. To effect the withholding, we may redeem a portion of the shares with an aggregate fair market value equal to the amount of taxes we are required to withhold and remit. For instance, if 1,000 shares would become issuable and we were required to withhold an amount equal to 40% of the value, we would redeem 400 shares and the employee would receive 600 shares. The source of funds for amount to be remitted to the IRS will be the redemption by IBG LLC of a corresponding number of our interests in IBG LLC.

              Based on the accumulated earnings attributable to the ROI Units outstanding as of December 31, 2006, up to              restricted shares of common stock may be issued to the current holders of the ROI Units in connection with this offering.

Compensation of Directors

              Our policy is not to pay director compensation to directors who are also our employees. We anticipate that each outside director will enter into compensation arrangements to be determined. All of our directors are entitled to receive reimbursement of their out-of-pocket expenses in connection with their travel to and attendance at meetings of the board of directors or committees thereof.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

              None of our executive officers have served as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

              Immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, IBG Holdings LLC will own all outstanding shares of our Class B common stock. Immediately after the consummation of this offering and the Recapitalization, IBG Holdings LLC will hold, through its ownership of all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, approximately 95% of the combined voting power of the outstanding shares of our common stock.

              The following table sets forth certain information as of                    , 2006, with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock, prior to and after giving effect to this offering, by:

      our chief executive officer and our four other named executive officers;

      each of our directors; and

      all of our directors and executive officers as a group.

              The amounts and percentages of common stock beneficially owned are reported on the basis of regulations of the SEC governing the determination of beneficial ownership of securities. Under the rules of the SEC, a person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of a security if that person has or shares voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security, or investment power, which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such security. Unless otherwise indicated below, each beneficial owner named in the table below has sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned. The information set forth in the following table assumes the exchange of all of IBG Holdings LLC membership interests into our common stock which may occur after the closing of this offering subject to the limitations described in "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure—Exchange and Redemption of Membership Interests" above. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes, the address of each beneficial owner is c/o One Pickwick Plaza, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830.

 
  Ownership of IBG (assuming no exchange)
  Ownership of IBG (assuming 100% exchange)
 
  IBG LLC Interests Owned Prior to the Offering
   
   
   
   
 
  IBG LLC Interests Owned After the Offering
  Number of Shares Owned After the Offering
Name

  %
  Number
  %
  Number
  %
Thomas Peterffy(1)   84.5784 %              
Earl H. Nemser(2)   1.1895 %              
Paul J. Brody   1.2509 %              
Thomas A.J. Frank   3.1498 %              
Milan Galik   1.3687 %              
   
               
All directors and executive officers as a group   91.5373 %              

(1)
Includes interests owned by The TP Holdings Limited Partnership ("TP Holdings"), an entity for which Mr. Peterffy serves as majority general partner.

(2)
Includes interests owned by EN Holdings LLC, an entity for which he serves as managing member, and excludes interests (other than a direct general partner interest of 0.05%) owned by TP Holdings, an entity for which Mr. Nemser serves as minority general partner. Mr. Nemser disclaims ownership of all interests owned by TP Holdings, except for his direct general partner interest.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Recapitalization Transactions

              Our business is presently conducted by subsidiaries of IBG LLC, which currently is approximately 85% owned by Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates. In November 2006, we were incorporated as a Delaware corporation. We have not engaged in any business or other activities except in connection with its formation. The Recapitalization will result in the current members of IBG LLC becoming the sole members of IBG Holdings LLC, and will establish us as the sole managing member of IBG LLC. The completion of the Recapitalization is a condition to this offering.

              As a result of the Recapitalization, immediately following this offering and the application of net proceeds from this offering as described herein:

      IBG will be the sole managing member of IBG LLC;

      we and IBG Holdings LLC will own approximately 5% and 95%, respectively, of the membership interests in IBG LLC;

      Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates will own approximately 85% of the membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC, and management and other employees of IBG LLC will own substantially all of the remaining membership interests;

      outstanding shares of our Class A common stock, all of which will have been sold pursuant to this offering, will represent more than 99.999% of our outstanding capital stock based on economic value (which, as used herein, refers to the right to share in dividend distributions and distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up);

      outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, all of which will be owned by IBG Holdings LLC, will represent less than 0.001% of our outstanding capital stock based on economic value;

      outstanding shares of our Class B common stock will represent approximately 95% of the combined voting power of all shares of our capital stock, which percentage will decrease proportionately to the extent that IBG Holdings LLC owns a smaller percentage of IBG LLC; and

      Thomas Peterffy will own all of the voting membership interests, and Mr. Peterffy and his affiliates will own a majority of the overall membership interests, in IBG Holdings LLC and, accordingly, will beneficially own all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock. As a result, Mr. Peterffy will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders.

              If at any time in the future Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates own less than a majority of the membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC, then at such time all membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC will become voting membership interests. Accordingly, all members of IBG Holdings LLC, instead of Mr. Peterffy alone, would together direct the voting of our Class B common stock, and all such members would together exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders.

              Please see the section entitled "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure" above.

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Voting

              Each share of our common stock will entitle its holder to one vote per share. Immediately after this offering, our Class B common stock will have approximately 95% of the voting power of our company, which percentage will decrease proportionately to the extent that IBG Holdings LLC owns a smaller percentage of IBG LLC. Initially, IBG Holdings LLC will own all the outstanding Class B common stock, in the aggregate, and will be entitled to              votes. Thomas Peterffy will own all of the voting membership interests, and Mr. Peterffy and his affiliates will own a majority of the overall membership interests, in IBG Holdings LLC upon consummation of this offering. Accordingly, Mr. Peterffy will beneficially own all of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock. As a result, Mr. Peterffy will be able to exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders, including the election of our directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions, our dividend policy and our access to capital.

              If at any time in the future Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates own less than a majority of the membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC, then at such time all membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC will become voting membership interests. Accordingly, all members of IBG Holdings LLC, instead of Mr. Peterffy alone, would together direct the voting of the shares of our Class B common stock, and all such members would together exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders.

Other Related Party Transactions

              Immediately prior to this offering, we will enter into an exchange and registration rights agreement with the members of IBG LLC. Pursuant to this agreement, the members of IBG LLC:

      will agree to sell certain of their unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests to IBG upon consummation of this offering; and

      will agree to contribute their remaining unrestricted IBG LLC membership interests to IBG Holdings LLC pursuant to the terms of this agreement.

              Pursuant to this agreement, we:

      will agree to accept exchanges of unrestricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests (and their resulting membership in IBG LLC) for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis; and

      will agree to register the common stock issued in exchange for the unrestricted IBG Holdings LLC membership interests on a periodic basis, initially expected to be approximately annually, commencing one year after consummation of this offering.

      will agree to register, upon demand by Thomas Peterffy, any or all shares of our common stock issuable upon voluntary exchange of the membership interests owned in IBG Holdings LLC for shares of our common stock.

Tax Receivable Agreement

              As described in "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure," prior to and in connection with this offering, we will purchase interests in IBG LLC from its historic members for cash. In addition, as described in "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure—Exchange and Redemption of Membership Interests," IBG LLC membership interests held by IBG Holdings LLC may be exchanged in the future for shares of our common stock. Our purchase of the IBG

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LLC interests will, and the exchanges may, result in increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of IBG LLC attributable to our interest in IBG LLC that otherwise would not have been available, although the IRS may challenge all or part of that tax basis increase or our ability to amortize all or part of that increased tax basis, and a court could sustain such a challenge by the IRS. These increases in tax basis, if sustained, may reduce the amount of taxable income that we are required to recognize as the result of our ownership of interests in IBG LLC in the future.

              We intend to enter into a tax receivable agreement with IBG Holdings LLC that will provide for the payment by us to IBG Holdings LLC of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of these increases in tax basis and of certain other tax benefits related to our entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. We will retain 15% of the projected tax benefits.

              If either immediately before any exchange or immediately after the concurrent sale of our stock issued in the exchange, the IBG Holdings LLC members own or are deemed to own, in the aggregate, more than 20% of our outstanding stock, then all or part of any increase in the tax basis of goodwill may not be amortizable and, thus, our ability to realize the annual tax savings that otherwise would have resulted if such tax basis were amortizable may be significantly reduced.

              In order to mitigate the risk to us of an IRS challenge to the tax basis increase, IBG Holdings LLC and its members will indemnify us for any additional taxes we owe if the IRS or other taxing authorities successfully challenge the basis increase. In addition, if the IRS or other taxing authorities successfully challenge the tax basis increase, any subsequent payments we are required to make under the tax receivable agreement will be reduced accordingly.

              For purposes of the tax receivable agreement, cash savings in income and franchise tax will be computed by comparing our actual income and franchise tax liability to the amount of such taxes that we would have been required to pay had there been no increase in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of IBG LLC attributable to our acquisition of our interest in IBG LLC, whether by purchase or exchange and had we not entered into the tax receivable agreement. The term of the tax receivable agreement will commence upon consummation of this offering and will continue until all such tax benefits have been utilized or expired, unless we exercise our right to terminate the tax receivable agreement for an amount based on an agreed value of payments remaining to be made under the agreement.

              While the actual amount and timing of any payments under the tax receivable agreement will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that, as a result of the size of the increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of IBG LLC and its subsidiaries, the payments that we may make to IBG Holdings LLC could be substantial. At the time of the closing of this offering, the increase in the tax basis attributable to our interest in IBG LLC, assuming an initial offering price of $                      per share of common stock (the midpoint of the range of initial public offering prices set forth on the cover of this prospectus) and our purchase of     % of the outstanding interests of IBG LLC, is expected to be approximately $                      million, The tax savings that we would actually realize as a result of this increase in tax basis likely would be significantly less than this amount multiplied by our effective tax rate due to a number of factors, including the allocation of the increase in tax basis to foreign or non-depreciable fixed assets, the impact of the increase in the tax basis on our ability to use foreign tax credits and the rules relating to the amortization of intangible assets, for example. Based on facts and assumptions applicable at the time of the offering, including that all subsequent exchanges of IBG LLC interests will occur in fully taxable transactions, the potential tax basis

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increase resulting from the exchange of the IBG LLC interests held by IBG Holdings following the closing of the offering could be as much as $                      billion. The actual increase in tax basis will depend, among other factors, upon the price of shares of our common stock at the time of the exchange and the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and, as a result, could differ materially from this amount. Our ability to achieve benefits from any such increase, and the payments to be made under the tax receivable agreement, will depend upon a number of factors, as discussed above, including the timing and amount of our future income.

Promissory Notes Issued by TP Holdings to IBG LLC

              Historically, IBG LLC has made income distributions to its members in order to cover such members' personal income tax liabilities. In the event that such income distributions are insufficient for payment of the members' personal income tax liabilities, upon request by such members, IBG LLC has in the past from time to time made advances or loans to such members pursuant to its policies and procedures regarding advances or loans to its members or employees. In accordance with Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as codified in Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act, in connection with this offering, we have adopted a policy that forbids IBG, either directly or indirectly, from extending credit in the form of a personal loan to any of our directors or executive officers.

              The following reflects IBG LLC's former policies and procedures with respect to advances or loans to its members or employees. Such policy conferred upon Thomas Peterffy, IBG LLC's Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, discretion to approve advances or loans to its members or employees upon notice to its Chief Financial Officer or Vice Chairman regardless of the type of transaction involved. Such policy was not written; however, all such advances or loans were evidenced by promissory notes payable upon demand and properly entered into IBG LLC's accounting system. All such advances or loans to date were made in accordance with such policy and procedure, and were made to TP Holdings, a member of IBG LLC. The majority general partner of TP Holdings is Thomas Peterffy, IBG LLC's Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and the sole voting member and sole managing member of IBG Holdings LLC, and the minority general partner is Earl Nemser, IBG LLC's Vice Chairman. TP Holdings issued notes to IBG LLC during 2004 and 2005 in amounts ranging from $25,000 to $4,500,000 at interest rates ranging from 1.46% to 4.34%, with $4,500,000 being the largest aggregate amount of indebtedness outstanding at any time during such period. All notes were repaid in the calendar year of issuance. There are currently no TP Holdings notes outstanding.

Legal Representation

              Earl H. Nemser, our Vice Chairman and one of our directors, is Special Counsel to the law firm of Dechert LLP, which has rendered legal services to IBG LLC and us, as applicable, during 2005 and 2006. Prior to joining Dechert LLP, Mr. Nemser served as Special Counsel to Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman LLP from 1995 to December 2004, which had rendered legal services to IBG LLC during 2003 and 2004. Mr. Nemser beneficially owns 1.1893% of IBG LLC. See "Principal Shareholders."

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

              The following description of our capital stock and provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, and our bylaws, each of which will be in effect prior to the date of this prospectus, are summaries and are qualified by reference to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, copies of which have been filed with the SEC as exhibits to our registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.

              Our current authorized capital stock consists of 100 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share and 10,000 shares of preferred stock. As of the consummation of this offering, our authorized capital stock will consist of 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share and 10,000 shares of preferred stock. In this section, when we refer to "common stock," we are referring to Class A common stock and Class B Common Stock, taken as a whole.

Common Stock

              As of the consummation of this offering, there will be              shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding and 100 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding. All of the shares of Class B common stock will be owned by IBG Holdings LLC.

      Class A common stock

      Voting rights

              The holders of Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote per share. Holders of shares of Class A common stock will not be entitled to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Generally, all matters to be voted on by stockholders must be approved by a majority (or, in the case of election of directors, by a plurality) of the votes entitled to be cast by all shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock present in person or represented by proxy, voting together as a single class. Except as otherwise provided by law, amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation must be approved by a majority of the combined voting power of all shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single class. However, amendments to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation that would alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the Class A common stock so as to affect them adversely also must be approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of the shares affected by the amendment, voting as a separate class. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to increase or decrease the authorized shares of any class of common stock shall be approved upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Class B common stock and Class A common stock, voting together as a single class.

      Dividend rights

              Holders of Class A common stock will share ratably (based on the number of shares of common stock held) in any dividend declared by our board of directors. Dividends consisting of shares of Class A common stock may be paid only as follows: (i) shares of Class A common stock may be paid only to holders of shares of Class A common stock; and (ii) shares shall be paid proportionally with respect to each outstanding share of Class A common stock. We may not subdivide or combine shares of either class of common stock without at the same time proportionally subdividing or combining shares of the other class. Dividends payable to holders of Class B common stock can only be paid if dividends in the same amount per share are simultaneously paid to holders of Class A common stock.

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      Liquidation rights

              On our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, all holders of Class A common stock will be entitled to share ratably in any assets available for distribution to holders of shares of common stock.

      Other matters

              In accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the amended and restated limited liability company agreement pursuant to which IBG LLC will be governed, the net cash proceeds received by us from any future issuance of shares of common stock will be concurrently transferred to IBG LLC in exchange for newly issued membership interests equal in number to such number of shares of common stock issued by us. The number of outstanding membership interests of IBG LLC owned by us will, therefore, equal the number of outstanding shares of our common stock at all times. As a result, existing common stockholders will experience no material dilution with regard to their equity interest in IBG LLC as a result of the issuance of additional shares of our common stock.

              In the event of our merger or consolidation with or into another company in connection with which shares of either class of common stock are converted into or exchangeable for shares of stock, other securities or property (including cash), all holders of common stock, regardless of class, will be entitled to receive the same kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property (including cash), provided that if shares of either class of common stock are exchanged for shares of capital stock, such shares exchanged for or changed into may differ to the extent that the Class A common stock and the Class B common stock differ.

              No shares of either class of common stock will be subject to redemption or have preemptive rights to purchase additional shares of either class of common stock. Upon consummation of this offering, all the outstanding shares of Class A common stock will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

      Class B common stock

      Voting rights

              The holders of Class B common stock, in the aggregate, will be entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock that would be issuable if all of the then outstanding IBG LLC common membership interests issued to IBG Holdings LLC were exchanged for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. Initially, the holders of Class B common stock, in the aggregate, will be entitled to              votes.

              Holders of shares of Class B common stock will not be entitled to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Generally, all matters to be voted on by stockholders must be approved by a majority (or, in the case of election of directors, by a plurality) of the votes entitled to be cast by all shares of Class B common stock and Class A common stock present in person or represented by proxy, voting together as a single class. Except as otherwise provided by law, amendments to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation must be approved by a majority of the combined voting power of all shares of Class B common stock and Class A common stock, voting together as a single class. However, amendments to the certificate of incorporation that would alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the Class B common stock so as to affect them adversely also must be approved by a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of the shares affected by the amendment, voting as a separate class. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any amendment to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to increase or decrease the authorized shares of any class of common stock

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shall be approved upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Class B common stock and Class A common stock, voting together as a single class.

      Dividend rights

              Holders of Class B common stock will share ratably (based on the number of shares of common stock held) in any dividend declared by the board of directors. Dividends consisting of shares of Class B common stock may be paid only as follows: (i) shares of Class B common stock may be paid only to holders of shares of Class B common stock; and (ii) shares shall be paid proportionally with respect to each outstanding share of Class B common stock. We may not subdivide or combine shares of either class of common stock without at the same time proportionally subdividing or combining shares of the other class. Dividends payable to holders of Class B common stock can only be paid if dividends in the same amount per share are simultaneously paid to holders of Class A common stock.

      Liquidation rights

              On our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, all holders of Class B common stock will be entitled to share ratably in any assets available for distribution to holders of shares of common stock.

      Other matters

              In the event of our merger or consolidation with or into another company in connection with which shares of either class of common stock are converted into or exchangeable for shares of stock, other securities or property (including cash), all holders of common stock, regardless of class, will be entitled to receive the same kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property (including cash), provided that, if shares of either class of common stock are exchanged for shares of capital stock, such shares exchanged for or changed into may differ to the extent that the Class A common stock and the Class B common stock differ.

              No shares of either class of common stock will be subject to redemption or will have preemptive rights to purchase additional shares of either class of common stock. Upon consummation of this offering, all the outstanding shares of Class B common stock will be legally issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

Preferred Stock

              Our board of directors will have the authority, without further action by our stockholders, to issue our preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions thereof. These rights, preferences, and privileges include dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms, and the number of shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of our common stock. The issuance of our preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of our holders of common stock and the likelihood that such holders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. In addition, the issuance of our preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in our control.

Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement

              Immediately prior to this offering, we will enter into an exchange and registration rights agreement with the members of IBG LLC. Pursuant to this agreement, the members of IBG LLC:

      will agree to sell certain of their IBG LLC membership interests to us upon consummation of this offering; and

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      will agree to contribute their remaining IBG LLC membership interests to IBG Holdings LLC pursuant to the terms of this agreement.

              Pursuant to this agreement, we:

      will agree to accept exchanges of membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC (and their resulting membership in IBG LLC) for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis;

      will agree to register the common stock issued in exchange for the IBG Holdings LLC membership interests on a periodic basis, initially expected to be approximately annually, commencing one year after consummation of this offering; and

      will agree to register, upon demand by Thomas Peterffy, any or all shares of our common stock issuable upon voluntary exchange of the membership interests owned in IBG Holdings LLC for shares of our common stock.

Anti-takeover Effects of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws

              Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could have anti-takeover effects. These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our corporate policies formulated by our board of directors. In addition, these provisions also are intended to ensure that our board of directors will have sufficient time to fulfill its fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders. These provisions also are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited proposal for our takeover that does not contemplate the acquisition of all of our outstanding shares or an unsolicited proposal for the restructuring or sale of all or part of us. The provisions are also intended to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. However, these provisions could delay or frustrate the removal of incumbent directors or the assumption of control of us by the holder of a large block of common stock, and could also discourage or make more difficult a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest, even if such event would be favorable to the interest of our stockholders.

              Special meetings of stockholders.    Our bylaws preclude our stockholders from calling special meetings of stockholders or requiring the board of directors or any officer to call such a meeting or from proposing business at such a meeting. Our bylaws provide that only a majority of our board of directors, the chairman of the board or the chief executive officer can call a special meeting of stockholders. Because our stockholders do not have the right to call a special meeting, a stockholder cannot force stockholder consideration of a proposal over the opposition of the board of directors by calling a special meeting of stockholders prior to the time a majority of the board of directors, the chairman of the board or the chief executive officer believes the matter should be considered or until the next annual meeting provided that the requestor met the notice requirements. The restriction on the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting means that a proposal to replace board members also can be delayed until the next annual meeting.

              Other limitations on stockholder actions.    Advance notice is required for stockholders to nominate directors or to submit proposals for consideration at meetings of stockholders. This provision may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper notice is not provided and may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer's own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company. In addition, the ability of our stockholders to remove directors without cause is precluded.

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Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware

              We are subject to Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, with the following exceptions:

      prior to such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested holder;

      upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; and

      on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 662/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.

              Section 203 defines business combination to include the following:

      any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder;

      any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;

      subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;

      any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock or any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or

      the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loss, advances, guarantees, pledges, or other financial benefits by or through the corporation.

              In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as an entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation or any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

              The transfer agent and registrar for shares of our common stock is                             .

Listing

              We have applied to list shares of our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "IBKR."

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DESCRIPTION OF INDEBTEDNESS

Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility

              The following description does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the credit agreement, which is available upon request from us.

              IBG LLC entered into a senior secured revolving credit facility on May 19, 2006 with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, Harris N.A. as syndication agent, Citibank, N.A. and HSBC USA National Association as co-syndication agents, which consists of a credit facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $300.0 million with a maturity date of May 19, 2010. Subject to compliance with certain conditions, the maximum aggregate amount IBG LLC can borrow under the credit facility may be increased up to $500.0 million.

              Subject to compliance with customary conditions precedent and the availability of the lenders' committed amounts, revolving loans are available at any time prior to May 19, 2009. All outstanding loans under the senior secured revolving credit facility are due and payable on May 19, 2010, and amounts repaid under the senior secured revolving credit facility may be reborrowed prior to May 19, 2009.

              All of IBG LLC's obligations under the senior secured revolving credit facility are required to be guaranteed by IBG LLC's domestic non-regulated subsidiaries (currently there are no such entities). The senior secured revolving credit facility and the related guarantees are secured by a perfected first priority security interest in all of the capital stock of each entity owned directly by IBG LLC (subject to customary limitations with respect to foreign subsidiaries).

              Revolving loans under the senior secured revolving credit facility bear interest (i) in the case of fed funds loans, at a federal funds rate set forth in the credit agreement plus a margin ranging from 65 basis points to 140 basis points, depending on the third party credit rating issued to IBG LLC by Moody's Investor Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor's Rating Service or (ii) in the case of Eurodollar loans, at Eurodollar rate set forth in the credit agreement plus a margin ranging from 50 basis points to 125 basis points, depending on the third-party credit rating issued to IBG LLC by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor's Ratings Service. Interest on loans based on the federal funds rate is payable monthly in arrears, and interest on loans based on the Eurodollar rate is payable on the last day of each relevant interest period and, in the case of any interest period longer than three months, each day that is three months, or a whole multiple thereof, after the first day of such interest period and last day of such interest period. While a default is continuing, interest may accrue at 2.0% above the rate otherwise applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, interest on all loans under the senior secured revolving credit facility are payable at the time of repayment of any such loans, and at maturity. In addition to paying on any outstanding principal amount under the senior secured revolving credit facility, IBG LLC is required to pay a facility fee to the administrative agent for the account of the lenders based on the facility fee rate as set forth in the credit agreement commencing on the execution and delivery of the credit facility and payable quarterly in arrears until the maturity date or, if earlier, the date on which all loans under the credit facility have been paid in full. Further, on May 19, 2009, IBG LLC is required to pay a fee to the administrative agent for the account of the lenders in the amount of 0.25% of the principal amount of outstanding loans under the credit facility on such date.

              The senior secured revolving credit facility contains representations and warranties, covenants (including limitations on the incurrence of additional debt, and prohibitions on certain corporate transactions such as liquidations, dissolutions and sales of assets outside the ordinary course of business), events of default and remedies and other provisions customary for credit facilities of this type.

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              The senior secured revolving credit facility also contains the financial covenants that require IBG LLC to maintain:

      a minimum net worth of $1.5 billion, with quarterly increases equal to 25% of positive consolidated income;

      a maximum total debt to capitalization ratio of 30%;

      a minimum liquidity ratio of 1.0 to 1.0; and

      a maximum total debt to net regulatory capital ratio of 35%.

              IBG LLC has paid and will continue to pay the lenders certain syndication and administration fees, reimburse certain expenses and provide certain indemnities, in each case which are customary for credit facilities of this type.

Senior Notes

              IBG LLC periodically issues senior notes in private placements to certain qualified customers of Interactive Brokers LLC, our 99.999% and broker-dealer subsidiary. IBG LLC uses the proceeds from sales of the senior notes to provide capital to IBG LLC's broker-dealer subsidiaries in the form of subordinated loans and for other general purposes. The outstanding senior notes have either a 15-month or an 18-month maturity. IBG LLC may, solely at its option, redeem the senior notes at any time on or after a specified date in the third month or the sixth month, respectively, after the date on which the senior notes are issued and sold, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the senior notes to be redeemed plus accrued interest.

              IBG LLC had $164.7 and $143.7 million of senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2005 and September 30, 2006, respectively. In 2005, IBG LLC redeemed $493.2 million of senior notes, which included $108.8 million of senior notes issued in 2004 and issued $549.0 million in new senior notes. Through September 2006, IBG LLC redeemed senior notes totaling $416.3 million, including all senior notes that were outstanding at December 31, 2005, and issued $395.3 million in new senior notes.

              The senior notes are secured, along with the senior secured revolving credit facility, by a first priority interest in all of the capital stock of each entity owned directly by IBG LLC (subject to customary limitations with respect to foreign subsidiaries).

              The senior notes contain covenants that may limit IBG LLC's ability to:

      incur, or permit its subsidiaries to incur, additional indebtedness;

      create, or permit its subsidiaries to create, liens on any capital stock or equity interests of its subsidiaries;

      declare and pay dividends or make other equity distributions; and

      consolidate, merger or sell all or substantially all of its assets.

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

              Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the possibility of such sales occurring, could adversely affect the prevailing market price and our ability to raise equity capital in the future.

              After giving effect to the Recapitalization and after this offering we will have              outstanding shares of common stock. Of the outstanding shares, the shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), except that any shares held by our "affiliates" as that term is defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act may only be sold in compliance with the limitations described below.

              Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if registered under the Securities Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration described below under Rules 144, 144(k) or 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.

              IBG Holdings LLC, certain of our security holders, each of our directors and certain of our officers have entered into lock-up agreements pursuant to which they have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, not to offer or sell any shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for common stock for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of WR Hambrecht + Co, LLC which may, at any time and without notice, waive any of the terms of the lock-up. Following the lock-up period, these shares will not be eligible for sale in the public market without registration under the Securities Act unless these sales meet the conditions and restrictions of Rules 144 or 701 as described below. As restrictions on resale end, the market price could drop significantly if the holders of these restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. The 180-day period under the lock-up agreements may be extended under specified circumstances. See the section of this prospectus entitled "Plan of Distribution."

              In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, any person (or persons whose shares are aggregated), including an affiliate, who has beneficially owned shares for a period of at least one year is entitled to sell, within any three-month period, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:

      1% of the then-outstanding common stock, or approximately                 shares based on the number of shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering; or

      the average weekly trading volume in the common stock during the four calendar weeks immediately preceding the date on which the notice of such sale on Form 144 is filed with the SEC.

              Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain provisions relating to notice and manner of sale and the availability of current public information about us.

              In addition, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at any time during the 90 days immediately preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the shares for at least two years, would be entitled to sell such shares under Rule 144(k) without regard to the volume limitation and other conditions described above. Therefore, unless otherwise restricted, Rule 144(k) shares may be sold immediately upon the completion of this offering. The foregoing summary of Rule 144 is not intended to be a complete description.

              Subject to limitations on the aggregate offering price of a transaction and other conditions, Rule 701 may be relied upon with respect to the resale of securities originally purchased from us by our employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors prior to the date we become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. To be eligible for resale under Rule 701, shares must have been issued pursuant to written compensatory benefit plans or written contracts relating to the

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compensation of such persons. In addition, the SEC has indicated that Rule 701 will apply to typical stock options granted by an issuer before it becomes subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, along with the shares acquired upon exercise of such options (including exercises after the date of the offering). Securities issued in reliance on Rule 701 are restricted securities and, subject to the lock-up agreements described above, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, may be sold by persons other than affiliates, subject only to the manner of sale provisions of Rule 144, and by affiliates, under Rule 144 without compliance with its one-year minimum holding period requirements. The foregoing summary of Rule 701 is not intended to be a complete description.

              We intend to file a registration statement under the Securities Act to register the shares of common stock available for issuance pursuant to our equity plans. Shares issued pursuant to these plans after the effective date of such registration statement will be available for sale in the open market and, for our affiliates, subject to the conditions and restrictions of Rule 144.

              In connection with the Recapitalization, the current members of IBG LLC will receive membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC. Approximately 94% of the pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests are unrestricted as of the date of this offering, and the remaining approximately 6% are restricted by virtue of being subject to a risk of forfeiture based on compliance with a non-competition covenant.

              The unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests generally will be effectively exchangeable for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis over time, subject to anti-dilution adjustments based on combinations or divisions of our common stock under the circumstances set forth in the exchange and registration rights agreement described below. All such exchanges will be made in connection with an underwritten offering of common stock or otherwise pursuant to binding agreements to sell, such that all shares of common stock issuable upon such exchanges will be immediately sold into the public markets to parties other than members of IBG Holdings LLC, and the current members of IBG Holdings LLC will not directly own our shares of common stock as a result of these exchanges. We currently anticipate that such optional exchanges and sales will take place on a periodic basis, initially expected to be approximately annually, commencing one year after consummation of this offering.

              In connection with this offering, members of IBG Holdings LLC owning an aggregate of approximately 6% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests have agreed to limit the exchange of such interests for shares of our common stock over time in these periodic exchanges so that such interests will, in effect, be subject to exchange for shares of our common stock (and immediate concurrent sale of such shares into the public markets) as follows (all dates are approximate and subject to the prior or concurrent registration of the shares of common stock issuable upon exchange and concurrent sale of such shares into the public markets):

      10% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests in this offering; and

      an additional 25% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on each of the first three anniversaries of this offering; and

      the remaining 15% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests on the fourth anniversary of this offering.

              We note that members of IBG Holdings LLC owning an aggregate of approximately 88% of the unrestricted pre-offering IBG LLC membership interests, including Thomas Peterffy and his affiliates, are not subject to the foregoing limitations with respect to such interests.

              See "The Recapitalization Transactions and Our Organizational Structure—Exchangeable Interests."

              For a description of certain rights of our existing security holders to require us to register their common stock under the Securities Act, see the section of this prospectus entitled "Description of Capital Stock—Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement."

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MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL TAX CONSEQUENCES
TO NON-UNITED STATES HOLDERS

Preliminary Matters

              The following discussion is a summary of material U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to non-U.S. holders of our common stock that acquire shares of our common stock pursuant to this offering and that hold such shares as capital assets (generally, for investment).

              For purposes of this discussion, a non-U.S. holder is any beneficial owner that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is not a U.S. person; the term U.S. person means:

      an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

      a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created in or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

      an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

      a trust (x) if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust or (y) that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

              If a partnership or other pass-through entity holds shares of our common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner or member and the activities of the partnership or other entity. Accordingly, we urge partnerships or other pass-through entities that hold shares of our common stock that hold shares of our common stock and partners or members in these partnerships or other entities to consult their tax advisors.

              This summary does not consider specific facts and circumstances that may be relevant to a particular non-U.S. holder's tax position and does not consider the state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment in our common stock. It also does not apply to non-U.S. holders subject to special tax treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws (including partnerships or other pass-through entities, banks, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, dealers in securities or currency, persons who hold common stock as part of a "straddle," "hedge," "conversion transaction" or other risk-reduction or integrated transaction, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, companies that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax, tax-exempt organizations, former U.S. citizens or residents and persons who hold or receive common stock as compensation). This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code), existing and proposed Treasury regulations, IRS rulings and pronouncements and judicial decisions in effect, all of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis, or differing interpretations.

              This summary is included herein as general information only. Accordingly, each prospective Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor with respect to the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income and other tax consequences of holding and disposing of our common stock.

      U.S. Trade or Business Income

              For purposes of this discussion, dividend income and gain on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our common stock will be considered to be "U.S. trade or business income" if such income or gain is (i) effectively connected with the conduct by a non-U.S. holder of a trade or business within the United States and (ii) in the case of a non-U.S. holder that is eligible for the benefits of an income

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tax treaty with the United States, attributable to a permanent establishment (or, for an individual, a fixed base) maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States. Generally, U.S. trade or business income is not subject to U.S. federal withholding tax (provided the N.S. holder complies with applicable certification and disclosure requirements); instead, a non-U.S. holder is subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at regular U.S. federal income tax rates (in the same manner as a U.S. person) on its U.S. trade or business income. Any U.S. trade or business income received by a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation also may be subject to a "branch profits tax" at a 30% rate, or at a lower rate prescribed by an applicable income tax treaty, under specific circumstances.

      Distributions

              Distributions of cash or property that we pay in respect of our common stock will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). A non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate, or at a reduced rate prescribed by an applicable income tax treaty, on any dividends received in respect of our common stock. If the amount of a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess first will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the non-U.S. holder's tax basis in our common stock, and thereafter will be treated as capital gain. In order to obtain a reduced rate of U.S. federal withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty, a non-U.S. holder will be required to provide a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or other appropriate version of IRS Form W-8 certifying its entitlement to benefits under the treaty. A non-U.S. holder of our common stock that is eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. federal withholding tax under an income tax treaty may obtain a refund or credit of any excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for a refund with the IRS. A non-U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding its possible entitlement to benefits under an income tax treaty.

              The U.S. federal withholding tax described in the preceding paragraph does not apply to dividends that represent U.S. trade or business income of a non-U.S. holder who provides a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder's conduct of a trade or business within the United States. In such circumstances, dividends will be subject to tax on a net income basis as described above under the caption entitled "U.S. Trade or Business Income."

      Dispositions

              A non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax in respect of any gain on a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of common stock unless:

      the gain is U.S. trade or business income (as described above);

      the non-U.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the disposition and meets other conditions; or

      our common stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest by reason of our status as a "U.S. real property holding corporation" (which we refer to as USRPHC) under Section 897 of the Code at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition and the non-U.S. Holder's holding period for our common stock.

              In general, a corporation is a USRPHC if the fair market value of its "U.S. real property interests" equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of its worldwide real property interests and its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. If we are determined to be a USRPHC, the U.S.

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federal income and withholding taxes relating to interests in USRPHCs nevertheless will not apply to gains derived from the sale or other disposition of our common stock by a non-U.S. holder whose shareholdings, actual and constructive, at all times during the applicable period, amount to 5% or less of our common stock, provided that our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market. We do not believe that we currently are a USRPHC, and we do not anticipate becoming a USRPHC in the future. However, no assurance can be given that we will not be a USRPHC, or that our common stock will be considered regularly traded, when a non-U.S. holder sells its shares of our common stock.

      U.S. Federal Estate Taxes

              Shares of our common stock owned or treated as owned by an individual who is a non-U.S. holder at the time of death will be included in the individual's gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, and may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Requirements

              We must annually report to the IRS and to each non-U.S. holder any dividend income that is subject to U.S. federal withholding tax, or that is exempt from such withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty. Copies of these information returns also may be made available under the provisions of a specific treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides. Under certain circumstances, the Code imposes a backup withholding obligation (currently at a rate of 28%) on certain reportable payments. Dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder of our common stock generally will be exempt from backup withholding if the non-U.S. holder provides a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or otherwise establishes an exemption.

              The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our common stock to or through the U.S. office of any broker, U.S. or foreign, will be subject to information reporting and possible backup withholding unless the owner certifies as to its non-U.S. status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establishes an exemption, provided that the broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the holder is a U.S. person or that the conditions of any other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied. The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our common stock to or through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding unless the non-U.S. broker has certain types of relationships with the United States (which we refer to as a United States related person). In the case of the payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our common stock to or through a non-U.S. office of a broker that is either a U.S. person or a United States related person, the Treasury regulations require information reporting (but not the backup withholding) on the payment unless the broker has documentary evidence in its files that the owner is a non-U.S. holder and the broker has no knowledge to the contrary. Non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors on the application of information reporting and backup withholding to them in their particular circumstances (including upon their disposition of our common stock).

              Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a non-U.S. holder will be refunded or credited against the non-U.S. holder's U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

              In accordance with the terms of the placement agency agreement among W.R. Hambrecht + Co., LLC, E*TRADE Securities LLC and us, the placement agents named below have agreed to use their best efforts to procure potential purchasers for that number of shares of common stock set forth opposite the placement agent's name below at the public offering price.

Placement agent

  Number of Shares
W.R. Hambrecht + Co., LLC    
E*TRADE Securities LLC    

              The placement agency agreement provides that the obligations of the placement agents are subject to various conditions, including the absence of any material adverse change in our business, and the receipt of certificates, opinions and letters from us and counsel. The placement agents are not purchasing or selling any of the shares being sold pursuant to this prospectus and they are not required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of shares.

Placement Fees and Concessions

              The placement agents propose to procure potential purchasers to purchase shares of our common stock at the offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, as this price is determined by the OpenIPO process described below, and to certain dealers at this price less a concession not in excess of $                      per share. The placement agents may allow, and dealers may reallow, a concession not to exceed $                      per share on sales to other dealers. The placement agents as well as any dealers that participate in the distribution of our common stock may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any discount, commission or concession received by them and any provided by the sale of the shares by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.

              The following table shows the per share and total placement agent fee to be paid to the placement agents by us in connection with this offering. The placement agent fee has been determined through negotiations between us and the placement agents, and has been calculated as a percentage of the offering price.

 
  Per Share
Initial public offering price   $  
Placement Agency Fee   $  
Proceeds, before expenses, to us   $  

              We estimate that the costs of this offering, exclusive of the placement agent fee, will be approximately $                      million. These fees and expenses are payable entirely by us. The Company has also agreed to reimburse the placement agents with a portion of their expenses in connection with this offering. An electronic prospectus is available on the website maintained by WR Hambrecht + Co and may also be made available on websites maintained by selected dealers and selling group members participating in this offering.

The OpenIPO Auction Process

              The distribution method being used in this offering is known as the OpenIPO auction, which differs from methods traditionally used in public offerings. In particular, as described under the captions "—Determination of Public Offering Price" and "—Allocation of Shares" below, the public offering price and the allocation of shares are determined by an auction conducted by the placement agents and other

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factors as described below. All qualified individual and institutional investors may place bids in an OpenIPO auction and investors submitting valid bids have an equal opportunity to receive an allocation of shares.

              The following describes how the placement agents and some selected dealers conduct the auction process and, on our behalf, confirm bids from prospective investors:

Prior to Effectiveness of the Registration Statement

              Before the registration statement relating to this offering becomes effective, but after a preliminary prospectus is available, the auction will open and the placement agents and participating dealers will solicit bids from prospective investors through the Internet and by telephone and facsimile. The bids specify the number of shares of our common stock the potential investor proposes to purchase and the price the potential investor is willing to pay for the shares. These bids may be above or below the range set forth on the cover page of the prospectus. The minimum size of any bid is 100 shares. Bidders may submit multiple bids in the auction.

              The shares offered by this prospectus may not be sold, nor may offers to buy be accepted, prior to the time that the registration statement filed with the SEC becomes effective. A bid received by the placement agents or a dealer involves no obligation or commitment of any kind prior to the notice of acceptance being sent, which will occur after effectiveness of the registration statement and closing of the auction. Bids can be modified at any time prior to the closing of the auction.

              Potential investors may contact the placement agents or dealers through which they submitted their bid to discuss general auction trends or to consult on bidding strategy. The current clearing price is at all times kept confidential and will not be disclosed during the OpenIPO auction to any bidder; however, the placement agents or participating dealers may discuss general auction trends with potential investors. General auction trends may include a general description of the bidding trends or the anticipated timing of the offering. In all cases, any oral information provided with respect to general auction trends by any placement agent or dealer is subject to change. Any general auction trend information that is provided orally by a placement agent or participating dealer is necessarily accurate only as of the time of inquiry and may change significantly prior to the auction closing. Therefore, bidders should not assume that any particular bid will receive an allocation of shares in the auction based on any auction trend information provided to them orally by any placement agent or participating dealer.

              Approximately two business days prior to the registration statement being declared effective, prospective investors will receive, by email, telephone or facsimile, a notice indicating the proposed effective date. Potential investors may at any time expressly request that all, or any specific, communications between them and the placement agents and participating dealers be made by specific means of communication, including email, telephone and facsimile. The placement agents and participating dealers will contact the potential investors in the manner they request.

Effectiveness of the Registration Statement

              After the registration statement relating to this offering has become effective, potential investors who have submitted bids to the placement agents or a dealer will be contacted by email, telephone or facsimile. Potential investors will be advised that the registration statement has been declared effective and that the auction may close in as little as one hour following effectiveness. Bids will continue to be accepted in the time period after the registration statement is declared effective but before the auction closes. Bidders may also withdraw their bids in the time period following effectiveness but before the notice of acceptance of their bid is sent.

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Reconfirmation of Bids

              The placement agents will require that bidders reconfirm the bids that they have submitted in the offering if any of the following events occur:

      more than 15 business days have elapsed since the bidder submitted its bid in the offering; or

      there is a material change in the prospectus that requires that the placement agents and we convey the material change to bidders in the offering and file an amended registration statement.

              If a reconfirmation of bids is required, the placement agents will send an electronic notice (or communicate in an alternative manner as requested by a bidder) to everyone who has submitted a bid notifying them that they must reconfirm their bids by contacting the placement agents or participating dealers with which they have their brokerage accounts. Bidders will have a minimum of four hours to reconfirm their bids from the time they receive the notice requesting reconfirmation. Bidders will have the ability to modify or reconfirm their bids at any time until the auction closes. If bidders do not reconfirm their bids before the auction is closed (which will be no sooner than four hours after the request for reconfirmation is sent), we and the placement agents will disregard their bids in the auction, and they will be deemed to have been withdrawn. If appropriate, the placement agents may include the request for reconfirmation in a notice of effectiveness of the registration statement.

Changes in the Price Range or Offering Size Before the Auction is Closed

              Based on the auction demand, we and the placement agents may elect to change the price range or the number of shares being sold in the offering either before or after the SEC declares the registration statement effective. If we and the placement agents elect to change the price range or the offering size after effectiveness of the registration statement, the underwriters will keep the auction open for at least one hour after notifying bidders of the new auction terms. If the change in price range or offering size is not otherwise material to this offering, we and the placement agents or participating dealers will:

      provide notice on the WR Hambrecht + Co website of the revised price range or number of shares to be sold in this offering, as the case may be;

      if appropriate, issue a press release announcing the revised price range or number of shares to be sold in this offering, as the case may be; and

      send an electronic notice (or communicate in an alternative manner as requested by a bidder) to everyone who has submitted a bid notifying them of the revised price range or number of shares to be sold in this offering, as the case may be.

              In these situations, the placement agents could accept an investor's bid after the SEC declares the registration statement effective without requiring a bidder to reconfirm. However, the placement agents may decide at any time to require potential investors to reconfirm their bids, and if they fail to do so, their unconfirmed bids will be invalid.

              In the event that the changes to the price range or the offering size constitute material changes, alone or in the aggregate, to the previously provided disclosure, we will reconfirm all bids that have been submitted in the auction after notifying bidders of the new auction terms. In the event that there is a material change to the price range or the offering size after effectiveness of the registration statement, we

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will file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement containing the new auction terms prior to accepting any offers.

Changes in the Price Range or Offering Size After the Auction is Closed and Pricing Outside the Price Range

              If we determine after the auction is closed that the initial public offering price will be above or below the stated price range in the auction but that it will not result in any material change to the previously provided disclosure, the placement agents and participating dealers may accept all successful bids without reconfirmation. Similarly, if after effectiveness of the registration statement and the auction is closed the number of shares sold in the offering is increased or decreased in a manner that is not otherwise material to this offering, the placement agents and participating dealers may accept all successful bids without reconfirmation. In this situation the placement agents and participating dealers will communicate the final price and size of the offering in the notice of acceptance that is sent to successful bidders.

              If we determine, after the auction is closed, that the initial public offering price will be outside of the price range or we elect to change the size of the offering, and the public offering price and/or change in the offering size, alone or in the aggregate, constitute material changes to the previously provided disclosure, then we may convey the final price and offering size to all bidders in the auction, file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement with the final price and offering size, reconfirm all bids and accept offers after the post-effective amendment has been declared effective by the SEC. In the alternative, we may re-open the auction pursuant to the following procedures:

      WR Hambrecht + Co will provide notice on the WR Hambrecht + Co OpenIPO website that the auction has re-opened with a revised price range or offering size, as the case may be;

      we and the placement agents and participating dealers will issue a press release announcing the new auction terms;

      the placement agents and participating dealers will send an electronic notice (or communicate in an alternative manner as requested by a bidder) to everyone who has submitted a bid notifying them that the auction has re-opened with a revised price range or offering size, as the case may be;

      the placement agents and participating dealers will reconfirm all bids in the auction; and

      we will file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement containing the new auction terms and have the post-effective amendment declared effective prior to the acceptance of any offers by the placement agent or participating dealers.

Closing of the Auction and Pricing

              The auction will close and a public offering price will be determined after the registration statement becomes effective at a time agreed to by us and WR Hambrecht + Co, which we anticipate will be after the close of trading on The NASDAQ Global Select Market on the same day on which the registration statement is declared effective. The auction may close in as little as one hour following effectiveness of the registration statement. However, the date and time at which the auction will close and a public offering price will be determined cannot currently be predicted and will be determined by us and WR Hambrecht + Co based on general market conditions during the period after the registration statement is declared effective. If we are unable to close the auction, determine a public offering price and file a final prospectus with the SEC within 15 days after the registration statement is initially

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declared effective, we will be required to file with the SEC and have declared effective a post effective amendment to the registration statement before the auction may be closed and before any bids may be accepted.

              Once a potential investor submits a bid, the bid remains valid unless subsequently withdrawn by the potential investor. Potential investors are able to withdraw their bids at any time before the notice of acceptance is sent by notifying the placement agent or a participating dealer through which they submitted their bid. The auction website will not permit modification or cancellation of bids after the auction closes. Therefore, if a potential investor that bid through the Internet wishes to cancel a bid after the auction closes, the investor may have to contact WR Hambrecht + Co or E*TRADE Securities LLC, as applicable, (or the participating dealer through which the investor submitted the bid) by telephone, facsimile or email (or as specified by the underwriter or participating dealer through which the bidder submitted the bid).

              Following the closing of the auction, the placement agents determine the highest price at which all of the shares offered may be sold to potential investors. This price, which is called the "clearing price," is determined based on the results of all valid bids at the time the auction is closed. The clearing price is not necessarily the public offering price, which is set as described in "Determination of Public Offering Price" below. The public offering price determines the allocation of shares to potential investors, with all valid bids submitted at or above the public offering price receiving a pro rata portion of the shares bid for.

              You will have the ability to withdraw your bid at any time until the notice of acceptance is sent. The placement agents will notify successful bidders that we have accepted their bids by sending a notice of acceptance after the auction closes and a public offering price has been determined, and bidders who submitted successful bids will be obligated to purchase the shares allocated to them regardless of (1) whether such bidders are aware that the registration statement has been declared effective and that the auction has closed or (2) whether they are aware that the notice of acceptance of that bid has been sent. The placement agents will not cancel or reject a valid bid after the notices of acceptance have been sent.

              Once the auction closes and a clearing price is set as described below, a placement agent or a participating dealer accepts the bids that are at or above the public offering price, but may allocate to a prospective investor fewer shares than the number included in the investors bid, as described in "—Allocation of Shares" below.

Determination of Initial Public Offering Price

              The public offering price for this offering is ultimately determined by negotiation between the placement agents and us after the auction closes and does not necessarily bear any direct relationship to our assets, current earnings or book value or to any other established criteria of value, although these factors are considered in establishing the initial public offering price. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The principal factor in establishing the public offering price is the clearing price resulting from the auction, although other factors are considered as described below. The clearing price is used by the placement agents and us as the principal benchmark, among other considerations described below, in determining the public offering price for the stock that will be sold in this offering.

              The clearing price is the highest price at which all of the shares offered may be sold to potential investors, based on the valid bids at the time the auction is closed. Based on the auction results, we may elect to change the number of shares sold in the offering. Depending on the public offering price and the amount of the increase or decrease, an increase or decrease in the number of shares to be sold in the offering could affect the clearing price and result in either more or less dilution to potential investors in this offering.

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              Depending on the outcome of negotiations between the placement agents and us, the public offering price may be lower, but will not be higher, than the clearing price. The bids received in the auction and the resulting clearing price are the principal factors used to determine the public offering price of the stock that will be sold in this offering. The public offering price may be lower than the clearing price depending on a number of additional factors, including general market trends or conditions, the placement agents' assessment of our management, operating results, capital structure and business potential and the demand and price of similar securities of comparable companies. The placement agents and we may also agree to a public offering price that is lower than the clearing price in order to facilitate a wider distribution of the stock to be sold in this offering. For example, the placement agents and we may elect to lower the public offering price to include certain institutional or retail bidders in this offering. The placement agents and we may also lower the public offering price to create a more stable post-offering trading price for our shares.

              The public offering price always determines the allocation of shares to potential investors. Therefore, if the public offering price is below the clearing price, all valid bids that are at or above the public offering price receive a pro rata portion of the shares bid for. If sufficient bids are not received, or if we do not consider the clearing price to be adequate, or if the placement agents and we are not able to reach agreement on the public offering price, then the placement agents and we will either postpone or cancel this offering. Alternatively, we may file with the SEC a post-effective amendment to the registration statement in order to conduct a new auction.

              The following simplified example illustrates how the public offering price is determined through the auction process:

              Company X offers to sell 1,500 shares in its public offering through the auction process. The placement agents, on behalf of Company X, receive five bids to purchase, all of which are kept confidential until the auction closes.

              The first bid is to pay $10.00 per share for 1,000 shares. The second bid is to pay $9.00 per share for 100 shares. The third bid is to pay $8.00 per share for 900 shares. The fourth bid is to pay $7.00 per share for 400 shares. The fifth bid is to pay $6.00 per share for 800 shares.

              Assuming that none of these bids are withdrawn or modified before the auction closes, and assuming that no additional bids are received, the clearing price used to determine the public offering price would be $8.00 per share, which is the highest price at which all 1,500 shares offered may be sold to potential investors who have submitted valid bids. However, the shares may be sold at a price below $8.00 per share based on negotiations between Company X and the placement agents.

              If the public offering price is the same as the $8.00 per share clearing price, the placement agents would accept bids at or above $8.00 per share. Because 2,000 shares were bid for at or above the clearing price, each of the three potential investors who bid $8.00 per share or more would receive approximately 75% (1,500 divided by 2,000) of the shares for which bids were made. The two potential investors whose bids were below $8.00 per share would not receive any shares in this example.

              If the public offering price is $7.00 per share, the placement agents would accept bids that were made at or above $7.00 per share. No bids made at a price of less than $7.00 per share would be accepted. The four potential investors with the highest bids would receive a pro rata portion of the 1,500 shares offered, based on the 2,400 shares they requested, or 62.5% (1,500 divided by 2,400) of the shares for which bids were made. The potential investor with the lowest bid would not receive any shares in this example.

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              As described in "—Allocation of Shares" below, because bids that are reduced on a pro rata basis may be rounded down to round lots, a potential investor may be allocated less than the pro rata percentage of the shares bid for. Thus, if the pro rata percentage was 75%, the potential investor who bids for 200 shares may receive a pro rata allocation of 100 shares (50% of the shares bid for), rather than receiving a pro rata allocation of 150 shares (75% of the shares bid for).

              The following table illustrates the example described above, after rounding down any bids to the nearest round lot in accordance with the allocation rules described below and assuming that the initial public offering price is set at $8.00 per share. The table also assumes that these bids are the final bids, and that they reflect any modifications that have been made to reflect any prior changes to the offering range, and to avoid the issuance of fractional shares.

 
  Bid Information
Initial Public Offering of Company X

  Auction Results
 
  Shares
Requested

  Cumulative
Shares
Requested

  Bid Price
  Shares
Allocated

  Approximate
Allocated
Requested
Shares

  Clearing
Price

  Amount
Raised

    1,000   1,000   $ 10.00   700   75.0 % $ 8.00   $ 5,600
    100   1,100   $ 9.00   100   75.0 % $ 8.00   $ 800
Clearing price   900   2,000   $ 8.00   700   75.0 % $ 8.00   $ 5,600
    400   2,400   $ 7.00   0   0 %      
    800   3,200   $ 6.00   0   0 %      
                 
           
Total                 1,500             $ 12,000
                 
           

Allocation of Shares

              Bidders receiving a pro rata portion of the shares they bid for generally receive an allocation of shares on a round-lot basis, rounded to multiples of 100 or 1,000 shares, depending on the size of the bid. No bids are rounded to a round lot higher than the original bid size. Because bids may be rounded down to round lots in multiples of 100 or 1,000 shares, some bidders may receive allocations of shares that reflect a greater percentage decrease in their original bid than the average pro rata decrease. Thus, for example, if a bidder has submitted a bid for 200 shares, and there is an average pro rata decrease of all bids of 30%, the bidder may receive an allocation of 100 shares (a 50% decrease from 200 shares) rather than receiving an allocation of 140 shares (a 30% decrease from 200 shares). In addition, some bidders may receive allocations of shares that reflect a lesser percentage decrease in their original bid than the average pro rata decrease. For example, if a bidder has submitted a bid for 100 shares, and there is an average pro rata decrease of all bids of 30%, the bidder may receive an allocation of all 100 shares to avoid having the bid rounded down to zero.

              Generally the allocation of shares in this offering will be determined in the following manner, continuing the first example above:

      Any bid with a price below the public offering price is allocated no shares.

      The pro rata percentage is determined by dividing the number of shares offered by the total number of shares bid at or above the public offering price. In our example, if there are 2,000 shares bid for at or above the public offering price, and 1,500 shares offered in the offering, then the pro rata percentage is 75%.

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      All of the successful bids are then multiplied by the pro rata percentage to determine the allocations before rounding. For example, the three winning bids for 1,000 shares (Bid 1), 100 shares (Bid 2) and 900 shares (Bid 3) would initially be allocated 750 shares, 75 shares and 675 shares, respectively, based on the pro rata percentage.

      The bids are then rounded down to the nearest 100 share round lot, so the bids would be rounded to 700, 0 and 600 shares respectively. This creates a stub of 200 unallocated shares.

      The 200 stub shares are then allocated to the bids. Continuing the example above, because Bid 2 for 100 shares was rounded down to 0 shares, 100 of the stub shares would be allocated to Bid 2. If there were not sufficient stub shares to allocate at least 100 shares to Bid 2, Bid 2 would not receive any shares in the offering. After allocation of these shares, 100 unallocated stub shares would remain.

      Because Bid 3 for 900 shares was reduced, as a result of rounding, by more total shares than Bid 1 for 1,000 shares, Bid 3 would then be allocated the remaining 100 stub shares up to the nearest 100 round lot (from 600 shares to 700 shares).

              If there are not sufficient remaining stub shares to enable a bid to be rounded up to a round lot of 100 shares the remaining unallocated stub shares would be allocated to smaller orders that are below their bid amounts. The table below illustrates the allocations in the example above.

 
  Initial Bid
  Pro-Rata
Allocation
(75% of
Initial Bid)

  Initial
Rounding

  Allocation of
Stub Shares

  Final
Allocation

Bid 1   1,000   750   700   0   700
Bid 2   100   75   0   100   100
Bid 3   900   675   600   100   700
   
 
 
 
 
Total   2,000   1,500   1,300   200   1,500
   
 
 
 
 

Requirements for Valid Bids

              In order to participate in an OpenIPO offering, all bidders must have an account with WR Hambrecht + Co, E*TRADE Securities LLC or one of the participating dealers. Valid bids are those that meet the requirements, including eligibility, account status and size, established by the placement agents or participating dealers. In order to open a brokerage account with WR Hambrecht + Co, a potential investor must deposit $2,000 in their accounts. This brokerage accounts will be general accounts subject to WR Hambrecht + Co's customary rules, and will not be limited to this offering. Bidders will be required to have sufficient funds in their account to pay for the shares they are allocated in the auction at the closing of the offering, which is generally on the fourth business day following the pricing of the offering. The placement agents reserve the right, in their sole discretion, to reject or reduce any bids that they deem manipulative or disruptive or not creditworthy in order to facilitate the orderly completion of the offering. For example, in previous transactions for other issuers in which the auction process was used, WR Hambrecht + Co has rejected or reduced bids when, in its sole discretion, it deems the bids not creditworthy or had reason to question the bidder's intent or means to fund its bid. In the absence of other information, we and the placement agents or participating dealer may assess a bidder's creditworthiness based solely on the bidder's history with the placement agents or participating dealer. WR Hambrecht + Co has also rejected or reduced bids in past OpenIPO offerings that it deemed, in its sole discretion, to be potentially manipulative or disruptive or because the bidder had a history of

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alleged securities law violations. Suitability and eligibility standards of participating dealers may vary. As a result of these varying requirements, a bidder may have its bid rejected by the placement agents or a participating dealer while another bidder's identical bid is accepted.

The Closing of the Auction and Allocation of Shares

              The auction will close on a date and at a time estimated and publicly disclosed in advance by the placement agents on the website of WR Hambrecht + Co at www.wrhambrecht.com and www.openipo.com. The auction may close in as little as one hour following effectiveness of the registration statement. The               shares offered by this prospectus will be sold to investors who have submitted valid bids at or higher than the public offering price through the placement agent or participating dealers.

              The placement agents or a participating dealer will notify successful bidders that we have accepted their bid by sending a notice of acceptance by email, telephone, facsimile or mail (according to any preference indicated by a bidder) informing bidders that the auction has closed and that their bids have been accepted. The notice will indicate the price and number of shares that have been allocated to the successful bidder. Other bidders will be notified that their bids have not been accepted.

              Each participating dealer has agreed with the placement agents to conduct its solicitation efforts in accordance with the auction process described above, unless the placement agents otherwise consent. The placement agents do not intend to consent to the sale of any shares in this offering outside of the auction process. The placement agents reserve the right, in their sole discretion, to reject or reduce any bids that they deem manipulative or disruptive in order to facilitate the orderly completion of this offering, and they reserve the right, in exceptional circumstances, to alter this method of allocation as they deem necessary to ensure a fair and orderly distribution of the shares of our common stock. For example, large orders may be reduced to ensure a public distribution and bids may be rejected or reduced based on eligibility or creditworthiness criteria. Once the placement agents have closed the auction and we have accepted a bid, the allocation of shares sold in this offering will be made according to the process described in "—Allocation of Shares" above, and no shares sold in this offering will be allocated on a preferential basis or outside of the allocation rules to any institutional or retail bidders. In addition, the placement agents or the participating dealers may reject or reduce a bid by a prospective investor who has engaged in practices that could have a manipulative, disruptive or otherwise adverse effect on this offering.

              Some dealers participating in the selling group may submit firm bids that reflect indications of interest from their customers that they have received at prices within the initial public offering price range. In these cases, the dealer submitting the bid is treated as the bidder for the purposes of determining the clearing price and allocation of shares.

              Price and volume volatility in the market for our common stock may result from the somewhat unique nature of the proposed plan of distribution. Price and volume volatility in the market for our common stock after the completion of this offering may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Lock-Up Agreements

              We have agreed not to offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of WR Hambrecht + Co, other than

150



the shares of common stock or options to acquire common stock issued under our stock plans. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (a) during the last 17 days of the 180-day period after the date of this prospectus, we issue an earnings release or publicly announce material news or if a material event relating to us occurs or (b) prior to the expiration of the 180-day period after the date of this prospectus, we announce that we will release earnings during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day period, the above restrictions will continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

              Our directors and executive officers have agreed not to (1) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock or (2) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of WR Hambrecht + Co, other than (a) transfers of shares of common stock or any security convertible into our common stock as a bona fide gift or gifts to any charitable organization; (b) transfers of shares of common stock or any security convertible into our common stock as a bona fide gift or gifts to any other entity or person; (c) transfers to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the persons bound by the foregoing terms or the immediate family of the persons bound by the foregoing terms if such transfers do not involve a disposition for value; (d) transfers occurring by operation of law, such as rules of descent and distribution, statutes governing the effect of a merger or a qualified domestic order; (e) transfers to any other member of IBG LLC or IBG Holdings LLC; (f) transfers made pursuant to an exception from registration under the Securities Act, provided that the transferee agrees to be bound by the foregoing terms and signs an agreement to that effect before such transfer is made; or (g) transfers or distributions of shares of our common stock that have been registered under the Securities Act (other than on Form S-8) and are acquired in this offering or in open market transactions after the completion of this offering, provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution described in (b) through (f) above, the transferees, donees or distributees agree to be bound by the foregoing terms. These restrictions will remain in effect beyond the 180-day period under the same circumstances described in the immediately preceding paragraph.

              There are no specific criteria that WR Hambrecht + Co requires for an early release of shares subject to lock-up agreements. The release of any lock-up will be on a case-by-case basis. Factors in deciding whether to release shares may include the length of time before the lock-up expires, the number of shares involved, the reason for release, including financial hardship, market conditions and the trading price of the common stock. WR Hambrecht + Co has no present intention or understanding, implicit or explicit, to release any of the shares subject to the lock-up agreements prior to the expiration of the 180-day period.

Short Sales, Stabilizing Transactions and Penalty Bids

              In connection with this offering, the placement agents may purchase and sell shares of common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by short sales. Any short sales made by the placement agents would be made at the public offering price and would be naked short sales. "Naked" short sales are any sales made by the placement agents that the placement agents cannot cover through exercise of any option. The placement agents must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the placement agents are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market after pricing that could

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adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of common stock made by the placement agents in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the common stock.

              The placement agents may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular dealer or placement agent repays to the placement agents a portion of the placement agent fee or selling concession received by it because the placement agents have repurchased shares sold by or for the account of the dealer or placement agent in stabilizing or short covering transactions.

              These activities by the placement agents may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the common stock. As a result, the price of the common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If these activities are commenced, the placement agents may discontinue them at any time. These transactions may be effected on The NASDAQ Global Select Market, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

Indemnity

              The placement agency agreement provides that we and the placement agents have agreed to indemnify each other against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and contribute to payments that each other may be required to make relating to these liabilities.

Other

              WR Hambrecht + Co currently intends to act as a market maker for the common stock following this offering. However, it is not obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time.

              IBG, the issuer of shares of common stock in this offering, is the indirect parent of Interactive Brokers LLC and Timber Hill LLC, each of which is an NASD member. Accordingly, this offering is being made in compliance with the applicable provisions of NASD Rule 2720.

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LEGAL MATTERS

              The validity of the shares of our common stock offered hereby will be passed on for us by Dechert LLP, New York, New York. Earl H. Nemser, our Vice Chairman and one of our directors, has been Special Counsel to the law firm of Dechert LLP since January 2005. Mr. Nemser beneficially owns 1.1893% of IBG LLC. See "Principal Shareholders." The placement agents are being represented by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, New York. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP has represented the Company from time to time in unrelated matters.


EXPERTS

              The consolidated financial statements of Interactive Brokers Group LLC as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005, included in this prospectus and the related financial statement schedule included elsewhere in the registration statement have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports appearing herein and elsewhere in the registration statement, and have been so included in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.


WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

              This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933 covering the common stock we are offering. As permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, this prospectus omits certain information contained in the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and our common stock, you should refer to the registration statement and to its exhibits and schedules. We make reference in this prospectus to certain of our contracts, agreements and other documents that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement. For additional information regarding those contracts, agreements and other documents, please see the exhibits attached to this registration statement. We also will file annual, quarterly and special reports, and other information with the SEC under the Exchange Act.

              You can read the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed with the registration statement or any reports, statements or other information we have filed or file, at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at Room 1580, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may also obtain copies of the documents from such offices upon payment of the prescribed fees. You may call the SEC at (800) SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference room. You may also request copies of the documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports and other information regarding registrants (including us) that file electronically with the SEC, which you can access at http://www.sec.gov.

              In addition, you may request copies of this filing and such other reports as we may determine or as the law requires at no cost, by telephone at (203) 618-5800, or by mail to Interactive Brokers Group, Inc., One Pickwick Plaza, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830, Attention: Investor Relations.

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003:    
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

F-2
 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2005 and 2004

 

F-3
 
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003

 

F-4
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003

 

F-5
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Members' Interests for the Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003

 

F-6
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

F-7

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 (unaudited):

 

 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2006 (unaudited) and December 31, 2005

 

F-28
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 (unaudited)

 

F-29
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 (unaudited)

 

F-30
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Redeemable Members' Interests for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 (unaudited)

 

F-31
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

 

F-32

F-1



REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Members of Interactive Brokers Group LLC

              We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Interactive Brokers Group LLC and subsidiaries (the "Group") as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and changes in redeemable members' interests for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Group's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

              We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Group is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

              In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Interactive Brokers Group LLC and subsidiaries at December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York
November 22, 2006

F-2



INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

 
  As of December 31,
 
  2005
  2004
 
  (in thousands)

Assets            

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

408,232

 

$

168,837
Cash and securities—segregated for regulatory purposes or
deposited with clearing organizations
    1,804,148     1,099,311
Securities borrowed     8,902,672     4,148,444
Securities purchased under agreements to resell     4,000     61,300

Trading assets, at market:

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Securities owned     5,417,063     4,883,619
  Securities owned and pledged as collateral     6,621,916     3,813,342
   
 
      12,038,979     8,696,961

Other receivables:

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Customers     436,166     269,413
  Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations     577,555     524,162
  Interest     38,340     10,335
   
 
      1,052,061     803,910
Secured demand note receivable, collateralized by marketable securities     5,200     5,200
Other assets     76,855     76,442
   
 
Total assets   $ 24,292,147   $ 15,060,405
   
 

Liabilities and redeemable members' interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 
Trading liabilities—securities sold but not yet purchased, at market   $ 12,426,375   $ 7,743,589
Securities loaned     6,147,254     3,294,209
Short-term borrowings     707,296     364,697
Other payables:            
  Customers     2,412,511     1,524,918
  Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations     88,634     87,666
  Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities     141,114     125,133
  Interest     24,851     7,730
   
 
      2,667,110     1,745,447
Senior notes payable     164,666     108,811
Liabilities subordinated to claims of general creditors     5,200     5,200
Redeemable members' interests
(including accumulated other comprehensive income of $47,275 and $121,983)
    2,174,246     1,798,452
   
 

Total liabilities and redeemable members' interests

 

$

24,292,147

 

$

15,060,405
   
 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-3



INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 
  Year Ended December 31,
 
  2005
  2004
  2003
 
  (in thousands)

Revenues:                  
  Trading gains   $ 640,383   $ 423,186   $ 488,372
  Commissions and execution fees     132,156     111,988     92,993
  Interest income     271,725     78,936     59,325
  Other income     54,889     7,554     10,420
   
 
 
    Total revenues     1,099,153     621,664     651,110

Interest expense

 

 

161,712

 

 

50,881

 

 

34,630
   
 
 
   
Total net revenues

 

 

937,441

 

 

570,783

 

 

616,480

Non-interest expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Execution and clearing     223,305     159,278     138,838
  Employee compensation and benefits     90,175     79,150     73,481
  Occupancy, depreciation and amortization     20,417     16,360     13,730
  Communications     10,458     8,983     7,500
  General and administrative     23,788     17,014     18,114
   
 
 
   
Total non-interest expenses

 

 

368,143

 

 

280,785

 

 

251,663
   
 
 

Income before income taxes

 

 

569,298

 

 

289,998

 

 

364,817

Income tax expense

 

 

33,778

 

 

19,555

 

 

19,889
   
 
 

Net income

 

$

535,520

 

$

270,443

 

$

344,928
   
 
 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-4



INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 
  Year Ended December 31,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2003
 
 
  (in thousands)

 
Cash flows from operating activities:                    
  Net income   $ 535,520   $ 270,443   $ 344,928  
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:                    
    Foreign currency translation     (74,708 )   44,564     49,205  
    Deferred income taxes     17,068     3,677     (6,402 )
    Depreciation and amortization     10,913     9,049     7,326  
    Impairment charge for trading rights         2,721      
    (Income) loss from equity investment in exchange     (1,312 )   1,450     563  
    Other     177     672     538  
 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Increase in cash and securities—segregated for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing organizations     (704,837 )   (362,146 )   (268,837 )
    Increase in securities borrowed     (4,754,228 )   (1,233,655 )   (877,174 )
    Decrease (increase) in securities purchased under agreements to resell     57,300     92,225     (140,025 )
    Increase in trading assets     (3,342,018 )   (2,612,479 )   (1,527,251 )
    Increase in receivables from customers     (166,753 )   (135,864 )   (104,329 )
    Increase in other receivables     (81,398 )   (105,899 )   (206,619 )
    (Increase) decrease in other assets     (488 )   (455 )   2,704  
    Increase in trading liabilities     4,682,786     1,799,492     1,412,483  
    Increase in securities loaned     2,853,045     1,521,786     879,834  
    Increase in payable to customers     887,593     465,462     536,548  
    Increase (decrease) in other payables     17,002     37,654     (10,207 )
   
 
 
 
    Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities     (64,338 )   (201,303 )   93,285  
   
 
 
 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Sale of investments     2,596     1     3,787  
  Sale (purchase) of trading rights     537     (2,625 )    
  Purchase of exchange seats         (2,680 )   (9,184 )
  Purchase of investments         (1,687 )   (6,511 )
  Purchase of property and equipment     (12,836 )   (11,420 )   (9,511 )
   
 
 
 
    Net cash used in investing activities     (9,703 )   (18,411 )   (21,419 )
   
 
 
 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Issuance of senior notes     549,025     335,378     117,240  
  Redemptions from senior notes     (493,170 )   (270,310 )   (84,274 )
  Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings, net     342,599     113,770     (66,740 )
  Members' contributions     10,220     10,342     9,062  
  Members' interests redeeemed     (6,738 )   (2,622 )   (165 )
  Dividends paid     (88,500 )   (80,800 )   (105,800 )
   
 
 
 
    Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities     313,436     105,758     (130,677 )
   
 
 
 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 

 

239,395

 

 

(113,956

)

 

(58,811

)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

 

 

168,837

 

 

282,793

 

 

341,604

 
   
 
 
 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

 

$

408,232

 

$

168,837

 

$

282,793

 
   
 
 
 

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
Interest paid

 

$

144,591

 

$

46,010

 

$

35,884

 
   
 
 
 
 
Taxes paid

 

$

24,960

 

$

20,280

 

$

23,569

 
   
 
 
 
 
Non-cash financing activities, member redemption payables

 

$

512

 

$

2,622

 

$


 
   
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-5



INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE MEMBERS' INTERESTS

 
  Redeemable Members' Interests
and Accumulated
Earnings

  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income

  Total
Redeemable Members' Interests
and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

 
 
  (in thousands)

 
Balance, January 1, 2003   $ 1,231,081   $ 28,214   $ 1,259,295  
  Dividends     (105,800 )         (105,800 )
  Members' interest redeemed     (165 )         (165 )
  Members' contributions     9,062           9,062  
 
Comprehensive income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Net income     344,928           344,928  
    Cumulative translation adjustment           49,205     49,205  
   
 
 
 
    Total comprehensive income     344,928     49,205     394,133  
   
 
 
 

Balance, December 31, 2003

 

$

1,479,106

 

$

77,419

 

$

1,556,525

 
  Dividends     (80,800 )         (80,800 )
  Members' interest redeemed     (2,622 )         (2,622 )
  Members' contributions     10,342           10,342  
 
Comprehensive income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Net income     270,443           270,443  
    Cumulative translation adjustment           44,564     44,564  
   
 
 
 
    Total comprehensive income     270,443     44,564     315,007  
   
 
 
 

Balance, December 31, 2004

 

$

1,676,469

 

$

121,983

 

$

1,798,452

 
  Dividends     (88,500 )         (88,500 )
  Members' interest redeemed     (6,738 )         (6,738 )
  Members' contributions     10,220           10,220  
 
Comprehensive income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Net income     535,520           535,520  
    Cumulative translation adjustment           (74,708 )   (74,708 )
   
 
 
 
  Total comprehensive income     535,520     (74,708 )   460,812  
   
 
 
 

Balance, December 31, 2005

 

$

2,126,971

 

$

47,275

 

$

2,174,246

 
   
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-6


Interactive Brokers Group LLC and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Three Years Ended December 31, 2005

(in thousands)

1.    Organization and Nature of Business

              Interactive Brokers Group LLC and subsidiaries ("IBG LLC" or the "Group") is an automated global market maker and electronic broker specializing in routing orders and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments. See Note 15, "Segment and Geographic Information" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

              Interactive Brokers Group LLC, a Connecticut limited liability company, conducts its business through its operating subsidiaries' (collectively called the "Operating Companies"): Timber Hill LLC ("TH LLC"), Timber Hill Europe AG ("THE"), Timber Hill Securities Hong Kong Limited ("THSHK"), Timber Hill Australia Pty Limited ("THA"), Timber Hill Canada Company ("THC"), Interactive Brokers LLC ("IB LLC"), Interactive Brokers Canada Inc. ("IBC") and Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited ("IBUK"). The operations of Timber Hill Hong Kong Limited ("THHK") were assumed by THSHK, and THHK ceased operating in February 2004 and was liquidated in October 2005. Timber Hill (U.K.) Limited ("THUK"), a subsidiary of THE, transferred its operations to THE and THUK ceased operating on November 16, 2004.

              The Operating Companies are members of various securities and commodities exchanges in the United States, Europe and the Asia/Pacific region. Other than IB LLC, IBUK and IBC, the Operating Companies do not carry securities accounts for customers or perform custodial functions relating to customer securities.

              IB LLC, a U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant, conducts electronic brokerage services for customers. IB LLC carries customer securities and commodity accounts and is subject to the regulatory requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and the U.S. Commodities Exchange Act.

2.    Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

              These consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in trading gains and losses where related to market making activities or in interest income where related to investment of customer funds as part of electronic brokerage activities in the consolidated statements of income. Non-U.S. subsidiaries have a functional currency (i.e., the currency in which activities are primarily conducted) that is other than the U.S. dollar. Such subsidiaries' assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Adjustments that result from translating amounts in a subsidiary's functional currency are reported in redeemable members' interests as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

F-7



Principles of Consolidation

              The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Group and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries. The Group's policy is to consolidate all entities of which it owns more than 50% unless it does not have control. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, there was a minority interest of $376 and $296, respectively. Pursuant to the revised Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Interpretation ("FIN") No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities," the Group would also consolidate any Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs") of which it is the primary beneficiary. The Group currently is not the primary beneficiary of any such entities and therefore no VIEs are included in the consolidated financial statements.

Redeemable Members' Interests

              Redeemable members' interests represent member interests in IBG LLC that are entitled to share in the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC. IBG LLC is a private entity owned by the members holding such member interests. As a private company, such amounts were classified historically as members' capital. For presentation purposes, IBG LLC has applied guidance within Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Topic D-98, "Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities" ("EITF D-98") which requires securities or equity interests of a company whose redemption is outside the control of the company to be classified outside of permanent capital in the statement of financial condition. The member interests in IBG LLC can be redeemed by the members at book value at their option. Because this redemption right is deemed to be outside of its control, IBG LLC has reclassified all members' capital outside of permanent capital to redeemable members' interests in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Such reclassification was made to comply with EITF D-98 and the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act.

              Selected employees are granted non-transferable fully vested member interests in IBG LLC. Such grants are accounted for pursuant to Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and EITF Issue No. 00-23, "Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44." IBG LLC records a fixed dollar amount of expense for member interest grants at the date of grant based on management's estimate of fair value, which is book value (as defined in IBG LLC's Agreement as to Member Interest Purchase Rights). Member interests confer ownership rights in IBG LLC and entitle the holder to proportionate rights to future allocable profits and losses of IBG LLC. Member-employees may only sell their interests back to IBG LLC at any time at book value. Member interest grants are initially accounted for as liabilities until six months elapses from the date of grant, at which time such liabilities are reclassified to redeemable members' interests as members' contributions.

Use of Estimates

              The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

F-8



Such estimates include the estimated fair value of financial instruments, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, including capitalized internally developed software, compensation accruals and tax liabilities and estimated contingency reserves.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

              The Group defines cash equivalents as short-term, highly liquid securities and cash deposits with original maturities of three months or less, other than those used for trading purposes. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, foreign currency owned of $38,385 and $0 is included in cash and cash equivalents and foreign currency sold of $23,190 and $-0- is included in short-term borrowings, respectively, which are carried at fair value.

Cash and Securities Segregated for Regulatory Purposes or Deposited with Clearing Organizations

              As a result of customer activities, certain Operating Companies are obligated by rules mandated by their primary regulators including the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") in the United States and the Financial Services Authority ("FSA") in the United Kingdom to segregate or set aside cash or qualified securities to satisfy such regulations, which regulations have been promulgated to protect customer assets. In addition, substantially all of the Operating Companies are members of various clearing organizations at which cash or securities are deposited as required to conduct of day-to-day clearance activities.

Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned

              Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. Securities borrowed transactions require the Group to deposit cash, letters of credit or other securities with the counterparty. With respect to securities loaned, the Group receives collateral in the form of cash or other securities in an amount generally in excess of the fair value of the securities loaned.

              The Group monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained or refunded as required contractually. Although substantially all securities borrowed and loaned are transacted under master netting arrangements, such receivables and payables with the same counterparty are not offset in the consolidated statements of financial condition. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, collateral received from securities borrowed transactions, which the Group has the right to repledge or resell, amounted to $8,667,207 and $4,064,102, respectively, substantially all of which has been repledged or resold. For these transactions, the fees received or paid by the Group are recorded as interest income or interest expense in the consolidated statements of income.

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase

              Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at their contractual

F-9


amounts, plus accrued interest. The Group's policy is to obtain possession of collateral with a fair value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned under resale agreements. To ensure that the fair value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, this collateral is valued daily with additional collateral obtained or excess collateral returned, as required under contractual provisions.

Receivables from Customers

              Receivables from customers consist primarily of margin loans to brokerage customers which are collateralized by customer assets. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, IB LLC had the right to sell or repledge up to $610,632 and $377,178 (140% of the amounts loaned), respectively, of such customer-owned securities, none of which have been rehypothecated. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, there were no allowances for doubtful accounts. Amounts receivable that were written off to expense were $150, $662 and $528 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations

              Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations include amounts receivable for securities not delivered by the Group to the purchaser by the settlement date ("fails to deliver") and margin deposits. Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations include amounts payable for securities not received by the Group from a seller by the settlement date ("fails to receive"). Receivables and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations also include amounts related to futures contracts executed on behalf of the Group's customers as well as net payables and receivables from unsettled trades.

Securities Owned

              Stocks, government and corporate bonds, futures, options and foreign currency transactions are reported in the consolidated financial statements on a trade date basis. Substantially all securities owned and securities sold, not yet purchased are recorded at fair value. Securities owned pledged to counterparties, where the counterparty has the right, by contract or custom, to sell or repledge the securities, are classified as securities owned and pledged as collateral as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 140.

Investments

              The Group makes certain strategic investments and accounts for these investments under the equity method of accounting. Such investments are included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition (Notes 8 and 17). Investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting when the Group has significant influence over the investee. Investments accounted for under the equity method are recorded at the amount of the Group's investment and adjusted each period for the Group's share of the investee's income or loss. The Group's share of the income or losses from equity investments is reported as a component of other income in the consolidated statements of

F-10



income and the Group's equity investments, which are included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition increase or decrease accordingly.

              A judgmental aspect of accounting for investments is evaluating whether an other-than temporary decline in the value of an investment has been sustained. The evaluation of an other-than temporary impairment is dependent on specific quantitative and qualitative factors and circumstances surrounding an investment, including recurring operating losses, credit defaults and subsequent rounds of financing. As none of the Group's investments have readily determinable market values, the primary factor considered by the Group's management in assessing if an other-than temporary impairment of value has occurred is the financial condition of the investee company. All investments are reviewed for changes in circumstances or occurrence of events that suggest the Group's investment may not be recoverable. If an unrealized loss on any investment is considered to be other than temporary, the loss is recognized in the period the determination is made.

              The Group also holds exchange memberships and investments in equity securities of certain exchanges as required to qualify to be a clearing member. Such investments are recorded at cost or, if an other-than temporary impairment in value has occurred, at a value that reflects management's estimate of the impairment, and are included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Property and Equipment

              Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of assets are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated economic useful life of the asset or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter, generally three to seven years. Computer equipment is depreciated over three to five years and office furniture and equipment are depreciated over five to seven years. Qualifying costs for internally developed software are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the developed software, not to exceed three years.

Comprehensive Income

              Comprehensive income consists of two components: net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are recorded as an element of redeemable members' interests but are excluded from net income. The Group's other comprehensive income is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments.

              The local currency is designated as the functional currency for the Group's international operating companies. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Adjustments that result from translating amounts from a subsidiary's functional currency are reported as

F-11



a component of redeemable members' interests. Currency translation adjustments resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates are recorded in other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of changes in redeemable members' interests and as a component of cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Revenue Recognition

Trading Gains

              Trading gains and losses are recorded on trade date, and are reported on a net basis. Net trading gains are comprised of changes in the fair value of trading assets and liabilities (i.e., unrealized gains and losses) and realized gains and losses. Dividends are integral to the valuation of stocks bought and sold and, accordingly, are reported on a net basis as a component of trading gains in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Net dividends were $42,939, 36,219 and $13,403 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Commissions and Execution Fees

              Commissions charged for executing and clearing customer transactions are accrued on a trade date basis and are reported as commissions and execution fees in the consolidated statements of income, and the related expenses are reported as execution and clearing expenses, also on a trade date basis.

Income Taxes

              The Group accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Group operates in the United States as a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Group's income is not subject to U.S. federal income taxes. Taxes related to income earned by partnerships represent obligations of the individual partners. Outside the United States, the Group principally operates through subsidiary corporations and is subject to local income taxes. Income taxes shown on the Group's consolidated statements of income are primarily attributable to taxes incurred in non-U.S. entities.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

              In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154 "Accounting Changes and Error Corrections", which replaces APB Opinion No. 20 and SFAS No. 3, and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. This statement is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005, although early adoption is permitted for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after the date SFAS No. 154 was issued. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of

F-12



SFAS No. 154 will have a material effect on the Group's consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

              In June 2005, EITF reached a consensus on Issue 04-5, "Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights." EITF Issue 04-5 presumes that a general partner (or managing member in the case of a limited liability company) controls a limited partnership, and should therefore consolidate a limited partnership, unless the limited partners have the substantive ability to remove the general partner without cause based on a simple majority vote or can otherwise dissolve the limited partnership, or unless the limited partners have substantive participating rights over decision making. The guidance in EITF Issue 04-5 was effective immediately for all new limited partnership agreements and any limited partnership agreements that are modified. The guidance is effective for existing partnership agreements for financial reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005 and may be reported as either a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle or via retroactive restatement. Adoption of EITF Issue 04-5 in the first quarter of 2006 did not have a material effect on the Group's consolidated financial statements.

              On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), "Share-Based Payment, a revision of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS No. 123R"). In April 2005, the SEC delayed the effective date for SFAS No. 123R until the first fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005. As a result of the SEC ruling, the Group was required to adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 123R in the first quarter of 2006. SFAS No. 123R clarifies and amends the guidance of SFAS No. 123 in several areas, including measuring fair value, classifying an award as equity or as a liability, attributing compensation cost to service periods and accounting for forfeitures of awards. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123R using the prospective method and accordingly the adoption did not have a material impact on the Group's consolidated financial statements.

              In June 2006 the FASB issued FIN No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109," which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. FIN No. 48 requires enterprises to assess and account for the effect of uncertainty of tax positions taken or to be taken on tax returns in their financial statements. Adoption of FIN No. 48 is not expected to have a material effect on the Group's consolidated financial statements.

              In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements." SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy (i.e., levels 1, 2, and 3, as defined). Additionally, companies are required to provide enhanced disclosure regarding instruments in the level 3 category, including a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances separately for each major category of assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning

F-13



after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's results of operations or financial position.

              In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 108, "Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements." SAB No. 108 is effective for annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006, and requires registrants to assess the effects of correcting prior years' misstatements on the current year's statement of income. The cumulative effect, if any, of initial application is to be reported as of the beginning of such fiscal year. Adoption of SAB No. 108 is not expected to have a material effect on the Group's consolidated financial statements.

3.    Trading Activities and Related Risks

              The Group's trading activities include providing securities market maker and brokerage services. Trading activities are generated by client order flow and by taking proprietary positions based on expectations of future market movements and conditions. The Group's trading strategies rely on the integrated management of its client-driven and proprietary positions, along with related hedging and financing.

              Trading activities expose the Group to market and credit risks. These risks are managed in accordance with established risk management policies and procedures. To accomplish this, management has established a risk management process that includes:

      A regular review of the risk management process by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors as part of their oversight role;

      Defined risk management policies and procedures supported by a rigorous analytic framework; and

      Articulated risk tolerance levels as defined by executive management that are regularly reviewed to ensure that the Group's risk-taking is consistent with its business strategy, capital structure and current and anticipated market conditions.

Market Risk

              IBG LLC is exposed to various market risks. Exposures to market risks arise from equity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations related to our international operations and changes in interest rates which impact our variable rate debt obligations.

              The Group seeks to mitigate market risk associated with trading inventories by employing hedging strategies that correlate rate, price and spread movements of trading inventories and related

F-14



financing and hedging activities. The Group uses a combination of cash instruments and exchange traded derivatives to hedge its market exposures. The following discussion describes the types of market risk faced by the Group:

      Equity Price Risk

      Equity price risk arises from the possibility that equity security prices will fluctuate, affecting the value of equity securities and other instruments that derive their value from a particular stock, a defined basket of stocks, or a stock index. The Group is subject to equity price risk primarily in securities owned and securities sold, not yet purchased. The Group attempts to limit such risks by diversifying its portfolio across many different options, futures and underlying securities and avoiding concentrations of positions based on the same underlying security.

      Currency Risk

      Currency risk arises from the possibility that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates will impact the value of financial instruments and the value of the Group's subsidiaries located outside of the United States. Exchange rate contracts include cross-currency swaps and currency futures contracts. Currency swaps are agreements to exchange future payments in one currency for payments in another currency. These agreements are used to convert the assets or liabilities denominated in different currencies. Currency futures are contracts for delayed delivery of currency at a specified future date. The Group uses currency swaps to manage the levels of its non-U.S. dollar currency balances and currency cash and futures to hedge its global exposure.

      Interest Rate Risk

      Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect the value of financial instruments. The Group is exposed to interest rate risk on variable-rate debt, customer cash and margin balances and positions carried in equity securities, options and futures. These risks are managed through investment policies and by entering into interest rate futures contracts.

Credit Risk

              The Group is exposed to risk of loss if an individual, counterparty or issuer fails to perform its obligations under contractual terms ("default risk"). Both cash instruments and derivatives expose the Group to default risk. The Group has established policies and procedures for mitigating credit risk on principal transactions, including reviewing and establishing limits for credit exposure, maintaining collateral, and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties.

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              In the normal course of business, the Group executes, settles and finances various customer securities transactions. Execution of these transactions includes the purchase and sale of securities by the Group that exposes the Group to default risk arising from the potential that customers or counterparties may fail to satisfy their obligations. In these situations, the Group may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at unfavorable market prices to satisfy obligations to other customers or counterparties. The Group seeks to control the risks associated with its customer margin activities by requiring customers to maintain collateral in compliance with regulatory and internal guidelines.

              Liabilities to other brokers and dealers related to unsettled transactions (i.e., securities failed-to-receive) are recorded at the amount for which the securities were purchased, and are paid upon receipt of the securities from other brokers or dealers. In the case of aged securities failed-to-receive, the Group may purchase the underlying security in the market and seek reimbursement for losses from the counterparty.

              The Group enters into securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions ("repos") in addition to securities borrowing and lending arrangements, all of which may result in credit exposure in the event the counterparty to a transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations. In accordance with industry practice, repos are collateralized by securities with a market value in excess of the obligation under the contract. Similarly, securities borrowed and loaned agreements are collateralized by deposits of cash. The Group attempts to minimize credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring collateral values on a daily basis and requiring additional collateral to be deposited with or returned to the Group when deemed necessary.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

              The Group's exposure to credit risk associated with its trading and other activities is measured on an individual counterparty basis, as well as by groups of counterparties that share similar attributes. Concentrations of credit risk can be affected by changes in political, industry, or economic factors. To reduce the potential for risk concentration, credit limits are established and monitored in light of changing counterparty and market conditions.

Off-Balance Sheet Risks

              The Group may be exposed to a risk of loss not reflected on the consolidated financial statements for certain derivative instruments, including equity options and futures products and for securities sold, but not yet purchased, which represent obligations of the Group to deliver the specified securities at the contracted price, and thereby, may create a liability to repurchase them in the market at prevailing prices. Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance-sheet risk as the Group's cost to liquidate such securities and futures contracts may exceed the amount reported in the Group's consolidated statements of financial condition.

F-16



4.    Securities Owned and Sold, But Not Yet Purchased

              Securities owned and sold, but not yet purchased, consist of securities at quoted market prices, as follows at December 31:

 
  2005
  2004
 
  Owned
  Sold But Not
Yet Purchased

  Owned
  Sold But Not
Yet Purchased

Stocks   $ 8,020,389   $ 9,111,073   $ 4,796,667   $ 4,520,302
Options     3,424,053     3,315,302     3,366,563     3,223,262
U.S. and foreign government obligations     525,504         515,085    
Warrants     33,234         15,728     9
Corporate bonds     26,639         2,918     16
Discount certificates     9,160            
   
 
 
 
    $ 12,038,979   $ 12,426,375   $ 8,696,961   $ 7,743,589
   
 
 
 

5.    Short-Term Borrowings

              Short-term borrowings consist primarily of collateralized borrowing facilities with clearing banks in multiple currencies that bear interest at fluctuating overnight rates based on interbank funds rates prevailing in the respective currencies. In addition, the Group has secured and unsecured overnight bank loans. All short-term borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2005 and 2004 were either repaid on the next business day or rolled forward. Also included in short-term borrowings at December 31, 2005 is foreign currency sold (Note 2).

              As of December 31, short-term borrowings consisted of:

 
  2005
  2004
 
 
  Principal
  Weighted
Average
Rates

  Principal
  Weighted
Average
Rates

 
Secured bank loan   $ 39,000   4.40 % $ 26,000   2.59 %
Unsecured bank loans     12,100   4.63 %   13,600   4.44 %
Overnight borrowing facilities     633,006   3.18 %   325,097   2.51 %
Foreign currency sold     23,190          
   
     
     
    $ 707,296       $ 364,697      
   
     
     
Collateral for secured bank loans, at market   $ 44,154       $ 29,977      
   
     
     

              Interest expense on short term borrowings for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005 was $11,537, $6,545 and $9,091, respectively.

F-17


Interactive Brokers Group LLC and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Three Years Ended December 31, 2005

(in thousands)

6.    Senior Notes Payable

              At December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, IBG LLC had $164,666 and $108,811 of 8% senior notes outstanding, which were privately placed to certain qualified customers of IB LLC. All of the senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2005 have either a 15-month or an 18-month maturity. IBG LLC may, solely at its option, redeem the senior notes at any time on or after a specified date in the third month or the sixth month, respectively, after the date on which the senior notes are issued and sold (the "Optional Redemption Date"), at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the senior notes to be redeemed plus accrued interest. In 2005 and 2004, IBG LLC redeemed $493,170 and $270,310 of senior notes, which included $108,811 and $43,743 of senior notes issued in 2004 and 2003, respectively. During the period from January 1 through June 30, 2006, total senior notes issuances and redemptions were $291,590 and $272,260, respectively, including all senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2005. Interest expense on senior notes was $11,558, $5,937 and $1,977 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

7.    Liabilities Subordinated to Claims of General Creditors

              TH LLC has an unsecured revolving senior subordinated loan facility of $15,000, which was not utilized at December 31, 2005 (Note 17). This loan is subject to a 0.5% commitment fee and borrowings under the agreement bear interest at a rate of prime plus 2.4%. Interest expense related to this agreement was $76 for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003.

              TH LLC also has a secured demand note collateral agreement and a related subordinated loan agreement for $5,200, which matures on December 31, 2006. The note bears interest at a rate of 5%. Interest expense related to this agreement was $264 for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003. This agreement is collateralized by fixed income securities with a fair value of $6,095 and $6,083 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

              The agreements covering the subordinated loan and secured demand note have been approved by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board Options Exchange and are thus available in computing the net capital of TH LLC pursuant to Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act (Note 16). To the extent that such loans are required for TH LLC's continued compliance with minimum net capital requirements, they may not be repaid.

8.    Investments

              In 2002, the Group acquired an interest in Boston Options Exchange, LLC ("BOX"), which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. BOX was approved as an exchange by the SEC on January 7, 2004, and commenced operations. In January 2005, the Group sold a portion of its interest in BOX for its recorded value of $2,596. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, the Group's carrying value of its investment in BOX was $5,433 and $6,706, respectively.

              Market maker incentive income earned by the Group from BOX of $2,469, $160 and $-0- for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, is reported as market maker

F-18



incentives, a component of other income (Note 9). BOX exchange fees for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 were $6,889, $1,866 and $0, respectively, and are included in execution and clearing expenses in the consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, receivables for market maker incentives from BOX were $418 and $0, respectively, and exchange fees payable to BOX were $584 and $573, respectively. These amounts are respectively included in other assets and in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

9.    Other Income

              The components of other income for years ended December 31 2005, 2004 and 2003 are:

 
  2005
  2004
  2003
 
Payments for order flow   $ 19,987   $ 4,157   $ 2,896  
Market data fees     6,061     5,290     3,304  
Market maker incentives     7,994     5,035     7,042  
Gains (losses) on restricted securities     15,669     (6,679 )   (3,829 )
Income (loss) from equity investments     1,312     (1,450 )   (563 )
Other, net     3,866     1,201     1,570  
   
 
 
 
    $ 54,889   $ 7,554   $ 10,420  
   
 
 
 

              Payments for order flow are earned from various options exchanges based upon options trading volume originated by Group Operating Companies. Market data fees are charged to customers based upon market data services provided. Various exchanges pay the Group market maker incentives for expanding its market making efforts on those exchanges. Gains (losses) on restricted securities are primarily generated when the Group has investments in securities on which there are restrictions from trading. Such securities are valued at cost until such time as the restrictions lapse and such securities become freely tradeable, at which time the securities are marked to market.

10.    Defined Contribution and Employee Incentive Plans

Defined Contribution Plan

              The Group offers substantially all employees of U.S.-based Operating Companies who have met minimum service requirements the opportunity to participate in defined contribution retirement plans qualifying under the provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The general purpose of these plans is to provide employees with an incentive to make regular savings in order to provide additional financial security during retirement. The Plan provides for the Group to match 50% of the employees' pretax contribution, up to a maximum of 10% of eligible earnings. The employee is vested in the matching contribution incrementally over six years. Included in employee compensation and benefits

F-19



expenses in the consolidated statements of income is $1,172, $1,058 and $935, respectively, of plan contributions for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003.

Employee Incentive Plans

              Return on Investment Dollar Units ("ROI Dollar Units"): Since 1998, IBG LLC has granted all non-member employees ROI Dollar Units, which are redeemable under the amended provisions of the plan, and in accordance with regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service (Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code). Upon redemption, the grantee is entitled to accumulated earnings on the face value of the certificate, but not the actual face value. For grants made in 1998 and 1999, grantees may redeem the ROI Dollar Units after vesting on the fifth anniversary of the date of their grant and prior to the tenth anniversary of the date of their grant. For grants made between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2005, grantees must elect to redeem the ROI Dollar Units upon the fifth, seventh or tenth anniversary date. These ROI Dollar Units will vest upon the fifth anniversary of the date of their grant and will continue to accumulate earnings until the elected redemption date. For grants made on or after January 1, 2006, all ROI Dollar Units shall vest on the fifth anniversary date of their grant and will be automatically redeemed.

              The Group recorded $10,304, $7,276 and $10,380, respectively, of ROI Dollar Unit expense for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, which is included in employee compensation and benefits in the consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, payables to employees for ROI Dollar Units were $34,091 and $31,329, respectively, of which $18,035 and $9,426 were vested. These amounts are included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position.

              Redeemable Members' Interests: Selected employees are granted non-transferable member interests in IBG LLC, which confer ownership rights in IBG LLC and entitle the holders to their proportionate share of the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC based on their holding percentages beginning on the date of the grant. The "Agreement as to Member Interest Purchase Rights" (the "Agreement") gives IBG LLC the right to repurchase any member's interests at its discretion at any time which, in particular, is triggered by a termination of employment of a member-employee, and also permits members to sell their interests back to IBG LLC at any time, in every case for an amount equal to management's estimate of fair value, which is book value, as defined in the Agreement. Because IBG LLC places a high value on the retention of its key employees, payment for a portion of redeemed interests is contingent on a post-redemption consulting services requirement that, among other conditions, requires that a member-employee not compete with IBG LLC in any area of its businesses for five years following the date of redemption. In order to enforce these terms, payment for one-half of the redeemed interests is, under normal conditions, made within five months after the redemption date. Payment for the remaining one-half of the redeemed interests is made five years hence, subject to satisfaction of the consulting services and non-compete provisions of the Agreement. IBG LLC recognizes compensation expense equal to the granted interest at the time of grant. If and when the terms of the five-year consulting and non-compete period are satisfied, IBG LLC records a distribution of redeemable

F-20



members' interests at such time as the remaining payment is made to the member-employee. Should any portion of a member-employee's interests be forfeited, such forfeited member interests would be redistributed among the remaining members in proportion to their holding percentages.

              IBG LLC recorded member interest grant expenses of $10,326, $10,220 and $7,342, respectively, in 2005, 2004 and 2003, and is included in employee compensation and benefits in the consolidated statements of income.

11.    Income Taxes

              Income tax expense differs from the U.S. Federal statutory rate (35% for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005) due to IBG LLC's status as a limited liability company, which qualifies it as a partnership for Federal income tax purposes. Therefore, no Federal income taxes are recognized by the Group, as described in Note 2. Income tax expense reflects effective tax rates in foreign and state jurisdictions where certain Group Operating Companies are subject to corporate taxation. Deferred income taxes arise due to differences between mark to market and lower of cost or market valuation of THE's financial assets and liabilities. For the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the provision for income taxes consisted of:

 
  2005
  2004
  2003
 
Current-state and local   $ 710   $ 883   $ 866  
Current-foreign     16,000     14,995     25,425  
Deferred     17,068     3,677     (6,402 )
   
 
 
 
    $ 33,778   $ 19,555   $ 19,889  
   
 
 
 

              A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. Federal income tax rate of 35% to the Group's effective tax rate is set forth below:

 
  2005
  2004
  2003
 
U.S. statutory tax rate   35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 %
Increase related to state, local and foreign taxes   5.9 % 6.7 % 5.4 %
Rate benefit as a limited liability company   -35.0 % -35.0 % -35.0 %
   
 
 
 
    5.9 % 6.7 % 5.4 %
   
 
 
 

F-21


              Current and deferred income taxes payable, which are included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, as of December 31 are:

 
  2005
  2004
Current   $ 5,470   $ 14,680
Deferred     31,463     17,542
   
 
    $ 36,933   $ 32,222
   
 

12.    Property and Equipment

              Property and equipment are included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition and are comprised of leasehold improvements, computer hardware, software developed for the Group's internal use and office furniture and equipment, as follows at December 31:

 
  2005
  2004
 
Leasehold improvements   $ 13,431   $ 10,708  
Computer equipment     8,389     8,074  
Internally developed software     19,770     16,150  
Office furniture and equipment     4,204     4,176  
   
 
 
      45,794     39,108  

Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization

 

 

(25,100

)

 

(20,191

)
   
 
 
Property and equipment, net   $ 20,694   $ 18,917  
   
 
 

              Depreciation and amortization of $10,888, $9,023 and $7,289 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, is included in occupancy, depreciation and amortization expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

13.    Redeemable Members' Interests

              The IBG LLC operating agreement (the "LLC Agreement"), as amended, sets forth the respective rights and obligations of members of the Group. The LLC Agreement also provides for terms of its management and conduct of its affairs. The Group executive committee is responsible for managing the affairs of the Group.

              The Group's founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Thomas Peterffy, and his affiliates own approximately 85% of member interests and the remaining interests are owned primarily by key employees (Note 10).

F-22



              Mr. Peterffy, who is also the Managing Member and sole voting member of IBG LLC, may transfer all or any portion of his member interests to any person. In the event that the percentage interest of any member changes or a new member is admitted, all member interests are recalculated in proportion to the percentage interest held at that time. The Group may enter into an agreement of merger, consolidation, or sale or other transfer of substantially all of the assets of the Group upon the decision of the Managing Member. The Group will terminate upon a vote to dissolve the Group; upon the retirement, resignation or other withdrawal of the Managing Member; or under certain statutory events, unless the Managing Member and a majority of the members vote to continue the business of the Group.

              Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, consolidated profits and losses of the Group are allocated to the members in proportion to their respective percentage interests. Distributions to members, which historically have been made to assist members in meeting their income tax obligations with respect to their proportionate share of the Group's profits, are made at the discretion of the Managing Member in proportion to the respective members' percentage interests.

14.    Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Litigation

              The Group is from time to time subject to litigation and other legal proceedings. As of December 31, 2005, certain Operating Companies have been named parties to legal actions. The Group intends to vigorously defend these actions as necessary. Although the results of legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, that the resolution of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on IBG LLC's business or financial condition but may materially impact results of operations for any given period. The Group has not recorded any liability in relation to such litigation matters in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as there are no matters for which liabilities are probable or estimatable.

Leases

              Operating Companies have non-cancelable operating leases covering office space. All but one of the office space leases are subject to escalation clauses based on specified costs incurred by the respective landlords and contain renewal elections. Rent expense for the Group was $5,457, $4,626 and $4,231 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, reported in occupancy, depreciation and amortization expenses in the consolidated statements of income. In November 2005, the leases on the primary U.S. office space for the Group and its affiliates were renegotiated through

F-23



January 2014, with renewal options through January 2026. As of December 31, 2005, the Group's minimum annual lease commitments are as follows:

Year

   
2006   $ 4,987
2007     5,212
2008     5,189
2009     5,212
2010     5,177
Thereafter     18,254
   
    $ 44,031
   

Guarantees

              Certain of the Operating Companies provide guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges which meet the accounting definition of a guarantee under FIN No. 45, Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others. Under the standard membership agreement, members are required to guarantee collectively the performance of other members. Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearinghouse, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. The Operating Companies' liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and could exceed the cash and securities they have posted as collateral. However, the potential for these Operating Companies to be required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no contingent liability is carried on the consolidated statement of financial condition for these arrangements.

              In connection with its retail brokerage business, IB LLC performs securities and commodities execution, clearance and settlement on behalf of its customers for whom it commits to settle trades submitted by such customers with the respective clearing houses. If a customer fails to fulfill its obligation, IB LLC must fulfill the customer's obligation with the trade counterparty.

              IB LLC is fully secured by assets in customers' accounts and any proceeds received from securities and commodities transactions entered into by IB LLC on behalf of customers. No contingent liability is carried on the consolidated statements of financial condition for these fully collateralized transactions.

Other Commitments

              Certain clearing houses and clearing banks and firms used by certain Operating Companies are given a security interest in certain assets of those Operating Companies held by those clearing organizations. These assets may be applied to satisfy the obligations of those Operating Companies to the respective clearing organizations.

F-24



15.    Segment and Geographic Information

              The Group operates in two business segments, Market Making and Electronic Brokerage. The Group conducts its market making business through its Timber Hill subsidiaries on the world's leading exchanges and market centers, primarily in exchange-traded equities, equity options and equity-index options and futures. The Group conducts its electronic brokerage business through its Interactive Brokers subsidiaries, which provide electronic execution and clearing services to customers worldwide.

              There are significant transactions and balances between the Operating Companies, primarily as a result of certain Operating Companies holding exchange or clearing organization memberships, which are utilized to provide execution and clearing services to affiliates. Intra-segment and intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in this segment and geographic information. Corporate items include non-allocated corporate income and expenses that are not attributed to segments for performance measurement, corporate assets and eliminations.

              Management believes that the following information by business segment provides a reasonable representation of each segment's contribution to total net revenues, income before income taxes and to total assets as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003:

 
  2005
  2004
  2003
Net revenues:                  
  Market making   $ 746,745   $ 435,245   $ 499,789
  Electronic brokerage     185,354     133,211     108,046
  Corporate and eliminations     5,342     2,327     8,645
   
 
 
    Total net revenues   $ 937,441   $ 570,783   $ 616,480
   
 
 

Income before income taxes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  Market making   $ 505,258   $ 241,154   $ 310,293
  Electronic brokerage     59,317     45,659     48,179
  Corporate and eliminations     4,723     3,185     6,345
   
 
 
    Total income before income taxes   $ 569,298   $ 289,998   $ 364,817
   
 
 
Segment assets:                    
  Market making   $ 21,778,775   $ 13,453,637   $ 9,681,641  
  Electronic brokerage     2,852,611     1,836,863     1,325,616  
  Corporate and eliminations     (339,239 )   (230,095 )   (195,689 )
   
 
 
 
  Total assets   $ 24,292,147   $ 15,060,405   $ 10,811,568  
   
 
 
 

F-25


Interactive Brokers Group LLC and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Three Years Ended December 31, 2005

(in thousands)

15.    Segment and Geographic Information (Continued)

              The Group operates in both U.S. and international markets on more than 60 exchanges and market centers. A significant portion of the Group's net revenues are generated by consolidated subsidiaries operating outside the United States, primarily THE, which contributed net revenues of $246,405, $107,052 and $140,517 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The following table presents total net revenues and income before income taxes by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003:

 
  2005
  2004
  2003
Net revenues:                  
  United States   $ 615,292   $ 404,931   $ 432,557
  International     316,982     163,544     174,471
  Corporate and eliminations     5,167     2,308     9,452
   
 
 
    Total net revenues   $ 937,441   $ 570,783   $ 616,480
   
 
 

Income before income taxes:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  United States   $ 363,880   $ 220,617   $ 275,634
  International     200,852     66,167     82,819
  Corporate and eliminations     4,566     3,214     6,364
   
 
 
    Total income before income taxes   $ 569,298   $ 289,998   $ 364,817
   
 
 

16.    Regulatory Requirements

              TH LLC and IB LLC are subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) under the Exchange Act and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission's minimum financial requirements (Regulation 1.17). At December 31, 2005, TH LLC had net capital of $442.2 million, which was $434.9 million in excess of required net capital, and IB LLC had net capital of $172.4 million, which was $157.4 million in excess of required net capital.

              THE is subject to the Swiss National Bank eligible equity requirement. At December 31, 2005, THE had eligible equity of $543.9 million which was $409.9 million in excess of the minimum requirement.

              THSHK is subject to the Hong Kong Securities Futures Commission liquid capital requirement, THA is subject to the Australian Stock Exchange liquid capital requirement, THC and IBC are subject to the Investment Dealers Association of Canada risk-adjusted capital requirement and IBUK is subject to the U.K. Financial Services Authority financial resources requirement.

              At December 31, 2005, all of the Operating Companies were in compliance with their respective regulatory capital requirements.

F-26



              Regulatory capital requirements could restrict the Operating Companies from expanding their business and declaring dividends if their net capital does not meet regulatory requirements. Also, certain entities within the Group are subject to other regulatory restrictions and requirements.

17.    Subsequent Events

              On January 18, March 21, June 15, and September 15, 2006, the Group's Managing Member approved and paid cash dividends to members of the Group totaling $18,000, $68,000, $33,000 and $33,000, respectively.

              In 2006, the Group made strategic investments totaling $26,500 in electronic trading exchanges OneChicago, LLC, ISE Stock Exchange, LLC and CBOE Stock Exchange, LLC. These investments will be accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

              In May 2006, the Group entered into a 3-year $300 million revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks, of which $150 million was borrowed in May 2006.

              TH LLC had an unsecured revolving senior subordinated loan facility of $15,000 that was terminated in May 2006.

F-27


INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(in thousands)

 
  September 30,
2006

  December 31,
2005

 
  (Unaudited)

   
Assets            
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 662,216   $ 408,232
Cash and securities—segregated for regulatory purposes or            
deposited with clearing organizations     2,664,130     1,804,148
Securities borrowed     11,352,644     8,902,672
Securities purchased under agreements to resell         4,000
Trading assets, at market:            
  Securities owned     6,727,841     5,417,063
  Securities owned and pledged as collateral     8,797,298     6,621,916
   
 
      15,525,139     12,038,979
   
 
Other receivables:            
  Customers     774,618     436,166
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations     1,029,329     577,555
Interest     59,511     38,340
   
 
      1,863,458     1,052,061
   
 
Secured demand note receivable, collateralized by marketable securities     5,200     5,200
Other assets     114,952     76,855
   
 

Total assets

 

$

32,187,739

 

$

24,292,147
   
 

Liabilities and redeemable members' interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 
Trading liabilities—securities sold but not yet purchased, at market   $ 15,286,406   $ 12,426,375
Securities loaned     8,617,209     6,147,254
Short-term borrowings     980,240     707,296
Other payables:            
  Customers     3,457,196     2,412,511
  Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations     694,549     88,634
  Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities     169,748     141,114
  Interest     44,275     24,851
   
 
      4,365,768     2,667,111
   
 
Senior secured revolving credit facility     150,000    
Senior notes payable     143,692     164,666
Liabilities subordinated to claims of general creditors     5,200     5,200
Redeemable members' interests
(including accumulated other comprehensive income of $79,339 and $47,275)
    2,639,224     2,174,246
   
 

Total liabilities and redeemable members' interests

 

$

32,187,739

 

$

24,292,147
   
 

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-28


INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

 
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 
  2006
  2005
Revenues:            
  Trading gains   $ 631,108   $ 471,949
  Commissions and execution fees     127,957     96,139
  Interest income     475,230     166,371
  Other income     65,881     37,665
   
 
    Total revenues     1,300,176     772,124
  Interest expense     331,186     96,559
   
 
    Total net revenues     968,990     675,565
   
 
Non-interest expenses:            
  Execution, and clearing     240,596     160,860
  Employee compensation and benefits     84,114     68,603
  Occupancy, depreciation and amortization     16,797     14,974
  Communications     9,116     7,747
  General and administrative     18,441     16,406
   
 
    Total non-interest expenses     369,064     268,590
   
 

Income before income taxes

 

 

599,926

 

 

406,975

Income tax expense

 

 

21,639

 

 

27,467
   
 

Net income

 

$

578,287

 

$

379,508
   
 

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-29


INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

 
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 
 
  2006
  2005
 
Cash flows from operating activities:              
  Net income   $ 578,287   $ 379,508  
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:              
    Foreign currency translation     32,064     (63,973 )
    Deferred income taxes         12,848  
    Depreciation and amortization     9,187     8,222  
    (Income) loss from equity investments     170     (1,093 )
    Other     71     144  
 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Increase in cash and securities—segregated for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing organizations     (859,982 )   (489,567 )
    Increase in securities borrowed     (2,449,972 )   (3,315,478 )
    Decrease in securities purchased under agreements to resell     4,000     39,313  
    Increase in trading assets     (3,486,160 )   (1,109,325 )
    Increase in receivables from customers     (338,452 )   (114,738 )
    Increase in other receivables     (472,945 )   (5,602 )
    Increase in other assets     (13,368 )   (14,736 )
    Increase in trading liabilities     2,860,031     2,931,547  
    Increase in securities loaned     2,469,955     867,668  
    Increase in payable to customers     1,044,685     599,880  
    Increase in other payables     653,973     145,605  
   
 
 
      Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities     31,544     (129,777 )
   
 
 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Investments in exchanges     (26,500 )    
    Proceeds from sales of and distributions received from investments in exchanges     607     2,596  
    Sale of trading rights         537  
    Purchase of property and equipment     (8,264 )   (7,997 )
   
 
 
      Net cash used in investing activities     (34,157 )   (4,864 )
   
 
 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
    Issuance of senior notes payable     395,315     414,329  
    Redemptions from senior notes payable     (416,289 )   (358,700 )
    Borrowings under senior secured revolving credit facility     150,000      
    Increase in short-term borrowings, net     272,944     267,990  
    Members' contributions     10,527     10,322  
    Members' interests redeeemed     (3,900 )   (5,487 )
    Dividends paid     (152,000 )   (78,000 )
   
 
 
      Net cash provided by financing activities     256,597     250,454  
   
 
 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents     253,984     115,813  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year     408,232     168,837  
   
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at September 30   $ 662,216   $ 284,650  
   
 
 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:              
  Interest paid   $ 311,762   $ 88,534  
   
 
 
  Taxes paid   $ 12,335   $ 21,624  
   
 
 

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-30


INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE MEMBERS' INTERESTS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

 
  Redeemable Members' Interests and Accumulated
Earnings

  Accumulated Other Comprehensive
Income

  Total
Redeemable
Members'
Interests
and Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income

 
Balance, January 1, 2006   $ 2,126,971   $ 47,275   $ 2,174,246  
  Dividends     (152,000 )         (152,000 )
  Members' interest redeemed     (3,900 )         (3,900 )
  Members' contributions     10,527           10,527  
  Comprehensive income:                    
    Net income     578,287           578,287  
    Cumulative translation adjustment           32,064     32,064  
   
 
 
 
  Total comprehensive income     578,287     32,064     610,351  
   
 
 
 

Balance, September 30, 2006

 

$

2,559,885

 

$

79,339

 

$

2,639,224

 
   
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-31


Interactive Brokers Group LLC and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

1.    Organization and Nature of Business

              Interactive Brokers Group, LLC and subsidiaries ("IBG LLC" or the "Group") is an automated global market maker and electronic broker specializing in routing orders and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments. See Note 12, "Segment Information" in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

              Interactive Brokers Group, LLC, a Connecticut limited liability holding company, conducts its business through its operating subsidiaries (collectively called the "Operating Companies"): Timber Hill LLC ("TH LLC"), Timber Hill Europe AG ("THE"), Timber Hill Securities Hong Kong Limited ("THSHK"), Timber Hill Australia Pty Limited ("THA"), Timber Hill Canada Company ("THC"), Interactive Brokers LLC ("IB LLC"), Interactive Brokers Canada Inc. ("IBC"), Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited ("IBUK") and Interactive Brokers Hungary Kft ("IBH"). The operations of Timber Hill Hong Kong Limited ("THHK") were assumed by THSHK, and THHK ceased operating in February 2004 and was liquidated in October 2005. Timber Hill (U.K.) Limited ("THUK"), a subsidiary of THE, transferred its operations to THE and THUK ceased operating on November 16, 2004.

              The Operating Companies are members of various securities and commodities exchanges in the United States, Europe and the Asia/Pacific region. Other than IB LLC, IBUK, and IBC, the Operating Companies do not carry securities accounts for customers or perform custodial functions relating to customer securities.

              IB LLC, a U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant conducts electronic brokerage services for customers. IB LLC carries customer securities and commodity accounts and is subject to the regulatory requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the U.S. Commodities Exchange Act.

2.    Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

              The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("U.S. GAAP") for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. In management's opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal, recurring adjustments to present fairly the Group's financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in trading gains and losses where related to market making activities or in interest income where related to investment of customer funds as part of electronic brokerage activities in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Non-U.S. subsidiaries have a functional currency (i.e., the currency in which activities are primarily conducted) that is other than the U.S. dollar. Such subsidiaries' assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates, while

F-32



revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Adjustments that result from translating amounts in a subsidiary's functional currency are reported in redeemable members' interests as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Principles of Consolidation

              The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Group and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries. The Group's policy is to consolidate all entities of which it owns more than 50% unless it does not have control. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. At September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, there was a minority interest of $476 and $376, respectively. Pursuant to the revised Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Interpretation ("FIN") No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities," the Group would also consolidate any Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs") of which it is the primary beneficiary. The Group currently is not the primary beneficiary of any such entities and therefore no VIEs are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Redeemable Members' Interests

              Redeemable members' interests represent member interests in IBG LLC that are entitled to share in the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC. IBG LLC is a private entity owned by the members holding such member interests. As a private company, such amounts were classified historically as members' capital. For presentation purposes, IBG LLC has applied guidance within Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Topic D-98, "Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities" which requires securities or equity interests of a company whose redemption is outside the control of the company to be classified outside of permanent capital in the statement of financial condition. The member interests in IBG LLC can be redeemed by the members at book value at their option. Because this redemption right is deemed to be outside the control of the company, IBG LLC has reclassified all members' capital outside of permanent capital to redeemable members' interests in the consolidated statement of financial condition. Such reclassification was made to comply with EITF Topic D-98 and the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act.

              Selected employees are granted non-transferable fully vested member interests in IBG LLC. Prior to January 1, 2006, such grants were accounted for pursuant to Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and EITF Issue No. 00-23, "Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44." IBG LLC records a fixed dollar amount of expense for member interest grants at the date of grant based on management's estimate of fair value, which is book value (as defined in IBG LLC's Agreement as to Member Interest Purchase Rights). Member interests confer ownership rights in IBG LLC and entitle the holder to proportionate rights to future allocable profits and losses of IBG LLC. Member-employees may only sell their interests back to IBG LLC at any time at book value. Under EITF 00-23 member interest grants were initially accounted for as liabilities until six months elapses from the date of grant, at which time such liabilities are reclassified to redeemable members' interests as members' contributions.

F-33



              On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), "Share-Based Payment, a revision of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." In April 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") delayed the effective date for SFAS No. 123R until the first fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005. As a result of the SEC ruling, the Group was required to adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 123R in the first quarter of 2006. SFAS No. 123R clarifies and amends the guidance of SFAS No. 123 in several areas, including measuring fair value, classifying an award as equity or as a liability, attributing compensation cost to service periods and accounting for forfeitures of awards. With the adoption of SFAS No. 123R the Group will account for all grants of member interests made subsequent to December 31, 2005 as liability awards.

Use of Estimates

              The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Such estimates include the estimated fair value of financial instruments, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, including capitalized internally developed software, compensation accruals and tax liabilities and estimated contingency reserves.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

              The Group defines cash equivalents as short-term, highly liquid securities and cash deposits with original maturities of three months or less, other than those used for trading purposes. At September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, foreign currency owned of $18,675 and $38,385, respectively, is included in Cash and cash equivalents and foreign currency sold of $15,148 and $23,190, respectively, is included in short-term borrowings, which are carried at fair value.

Cash and Securities Segregated for Regulatory Purposes or Deposited with Clearing Organizations

              As a result of customer activities, certain Operating Companies are obligated by rules mandated by their primary regulators including the SEC and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") in the United States and the Financial Services Authority ("FSA") in the United Kingdom to segregate or set aside cash or qualified securities to satisfy such regulations, which regulations have been promulgated to protect customer assets. In addition, substantially all of the Operating Companies are members of various clearing organizations at which cash or securities are deposited as required to conduct day-to-day clearance activities.

Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned

              Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. Securities borrowed transactions require the Group to deposit cash, letters of credit or other securities with the counterparty. With respect to securities loaned, the Group receives collateral in the form of cash or other securities in an amount generally in excess of the fair value of the securities loaned.

F-34



              The Group monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained or refunded as required contractually. Although substantially all securities borrowed and loaned are transacted under master netting arrangements, such receivables and payables with the same counterparty are not offset in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. At September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, collateral received from counterparties from securities borrowed transactions, which the Group has the right to repledge or resell, amounted to $11,032,021 and $8,667,207, respectively, substantially all of which has been repledged or resold. For these transactions, the fees received or paid by the Group are recorded as interest income or interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

              Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at their contractual amounts, plus accrued interest. The Group's policy is to obtain possession of collateral with a fair value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned under resale agreements. To ensure that the fair value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, this collateral is valued daily with additional collateral obtained or excess collateral returned, as required under contractual provisions.

Receivables from Customers

              Receivables from customers consist primarily of margin loans to brokerage customers which are collateralized by customer assets. As of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, IB LLC has the right to rehypothecate up to $1,084,465 and $610,632 (140% of the amounts loaned), respectively, of such customer-owned securities. As of September 30, 2006, $122,819 of customer's collateral has been rehypothecated ($-0- at December 31, 2005). As of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, there were no allowances for doubtful accounts.

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations

              Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations include amounts receivable for securities not delivered by the Group to the purchaser by the settlement date ("fails to deliver") and margin deposits. Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations include amounts payable for securities not received by the Group from a seller by the settlement date ("fails to receive"). Receivables and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations also include amounts related to futures contracts executed on behalf of the Group's customers as well as net payables and receivables from unsettled trades.

Securities Owned

              Stocks, government and corporate bonds, futures, options and foreign currency transactions are reported in the consolidated financial statements on a trade date basis. Substantially all securities owned and securities sold, not yet purchased are recorded at fair value. Securities owned pledged to counterparties, where the counterparty has the right, by contract or custom, to sell or repledge the

F-35



securities, are classified as securities owned and pledged as collateral as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 140.

Investments

              The Group makes certain strategic investments and accounts for these investments under the equity method of accounting. Such investments are included in other assets in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition (Note 7). Investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting when the Group has significant influence over the investee. Investments accounted for under the equity method are recorded at the amount of the Group's investment and adjusted each period for the Group's share of the investee's income or loss. The Group's share of the income or losses from equity investments is reported as a component of other income in the condensed consolidated statements of income and the Group's equity investments, which are included in other assets in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition increase or decrease accordingly.

              A judgmental aspect of accounting for investments is evaluating whether an other-than temporary decline in the value of an investment has been sustained. The evaluation of an other-than temporary impairment is dependent on specific quantitative and qualitative factors and circumstances surrounding an investment, including recurring operating losses, credit defaults and subsequent rounds of financing. As none of the Group's investments have readily determinable market values, the primary factor considered by the Group's management in assessing if an other-than temporary impairment of value has occurred is the financial condition of the investee company. All investments are reviewed for changes in circumstances or occurrence of events that suggest the Group's investment may not be recoverable. If an unrealized loss on any investment is considered to be other than temporary, the loss is recognized in the period the determination is made.

              The Group also holds exchange memberships and investments in equity securities of certain exchanges as required to qualify to be a clearing member. Such investments are recorded at cost or, if an other-than temporary impairment in value has occurred, at a value that reflects management's estimate of the impairment and are included in other assets in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

Property and Equipment

              Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of assets are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated economic useful life of the asset or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter, generally three to seven years. Computer equipment is depreciated over three to five years and office furniture and equipment are depreciated over five to seven years. Qualifying costs for internally developed software are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the developed software, not to exceed three years.

F-36



Comprehensive Income

              Comprehensive income consists of two components: net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are recorded as an element of redeemable members' interests equity but are excluded from net income. The Group's other comprehensive income is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments.

              The local currency is designated as the functional currency for the Group's international operating companies. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Adjustments that result from translating amounts from a subsidiary's functional currency are reported as a component of redeemable members' interests. Currency translation adjustments resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates are recorded in other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of changes in redeemable members' interests and as a component of cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Income Taxes

              The Group accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The Group operates in the United States as a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Group's income is not subject to U.S. federal income taxes. Taxes related to income earned by partnerships represent obligations of the individual partners. Outside the United States, the Group principally operates through subsidiary corporations and is subject to local income taxes. Income taxes shown on the Group's consolidated statements of income are attributable to taxes incurred in non-U.S. entities.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

              In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154 "Accounting Changes and Error Corrections", which replaces APB Opinion No. 20 and SFAS No. 3, and changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. This statement is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005, although early adoption is permitted for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after the date SFAS No. 154 was issued. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of SFAS No. 154 will have a material effect on the Group's consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

              In June 2005, EITF reached a concensus on Issue 04-5, "Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights." EITF Issue 04-5 presumes that a general partner (or managing member in the case of a limited liability company) controls a limited partnership, and should therefore

F-37



consolidate a limited partnership, unless the limited partners have the substantive ability to remove the general partner without cause based on a simple majority vote or can otherwise dissolve the limited partnership, or unless the limited partners have substantive participating rights over decision making. The guidance in EITF Issue 04-5 was effective immediately for all new limited partnership agreements and any limited partnership agreements that are modified. The guidance is effective for existing partnership agreements for financial reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005 and may be reported as either a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle or via retroactive restatement. Adoption of EITF Issue 04-5 in the first quarter of 2006 did not have a material effect on the Group's condensed consolidated financial statements.

              In June 2006 the FASB issued FIN No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109," which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. FIN No. 48 requires enterprises to assess and account for the effect of uncertainty of tax positions taken or to be taken on tax returns in their financial statements. Adoption of FIN No. 48 is not expected to have a material effect on the Group's condensed consolidated financial statements.

              In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements." SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy (i.e., levels 1, 2, and 3, as defined). Additionally, companies are required to provide enhanced disclosure regarding instruments in the level 3 category, including a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances separately for each major category of assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's results of operations or financial position.

              In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 108, "Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements." SAB No. 108 is effective for annual financial statements for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006, and requires registrants to assess the effects of correcting prior years' misstatements on the current year's statement of income. The cumulative effect, if any, of initial application is to be reported as of the beginning of such fiscal year. Adoption of SAB No. 108 is not expected to have a material effect on the Group's condensed consolidated financial statements.

3.    Trading Activities and Related Risks

              The Group's trading activities include providing securities market maker and brokerage services. Trading activities are generated by client order flow and by taking proprietary positions based on expectations of future market movements and conditions. The Group's trading strategies rely on the integrated management of its client-driven and proprietary positions, along with related hedging and financing.

F-38


              Trading activities expose the Group to market and credit risks. These risks are managed in accordance with established risk management policies and procedures. To accomplish this, management has established a risk management process that includes:

      A regular review of the risk management process by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors as part of their oversight role;

      Defined risk management policies and procedures supported by a rigorous analytic framework; and

      Articulated risk tolerance levels as defined by executive management that are regularly reviewed to ensure that the Group's risk-taking is consistent with its business strategy, capital structure, and current and anticipated market conditions.

Market Risk

              IBG LLC is exposed to various market risks. Exposures to market risks arise from equity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations related to our international operations and changes in interest rates which impact our variable rate debt obligations.

              The Group seeks to mitigate market risk associated with trading inventories by employing hedging strategies that correlate rate, price and spread movements of trading inventories and related financing and hedging activities. The Group uses a combination of cash instruments and exchange traded derivatives to hedge its market exposures. The following discussion describes the types of market risk faced by the Group:

      Equity Price Risk

      Equity price risk arises from the possibility that equity security prices will fluctuate, affecting the value of equity securities and other instruments that derive their value from a particular stock, a defined basket of stocks, or a stock index. The Group is subject to equity price risk primarily in securities owned and securities sold, not yet purchased. The Group attempts to limit such risks by diversifying its portfolio across many different options, futures and underlying securities and avoiding concentrations of positions based on the same underlying security.

      Currency Risk

      Currency risk arises from the possibility that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates will impact the value of financial instruments and the value of the Group's subsidiaries located outside of the United States. Exchange rate contracts include cross-currency swaps and currency futures contracts. Currency swaps are agreements to exchange future payments in one currency for payments in another currency. These agreements are used to convert the assets or liabilities

F-39


      denominated in different currencies. Currency futures are contracts for delayed delivery of currency at a specified future date. The Group uses currency swaps to manage the levels of its non-U.S. dollar currency balances and currency cash and futures to hedge its global exposure.

      Interest Rate Risk

      Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect the value of financial instruments. The Group is exposed to interest rate risk on variable-rate debt, customer cash and margin balances and positions carried in equity securities, options and futures. These risks are managed through investment policies and by entering into interest rate futures contracts.

Credit Risk

              The Group is exposed to risk of loss if an individual, counterparty or issuer fails to perform its obligations under contractual terms ("default risk"). Both cash instruments and derivatives expose the Group to default risk. The Group has established policies and procedures for mitigating credit risk on principal transactions, including reviewing and establishing limits for credit exposure, maintaining collateral, and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties.

              In the normal course of business, the Group executes, settles and finances various customer securities transactions. Execution of these transactions includes the purchase and sale of securities by the Group that exposes the Group to default risk arising from the potential that customers or counterparties may fail to satisfy their obligations. In these situations, the Group may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at unfavorable market prices to satisfy obligations to other customers or counterparties. The Group seeks to control the risks associated with its customer margin activities by requiring customers to maintain collateral in compliance with regulatory and internal guidelines.

              Liabilities to other brokers and dealers related to unsettled transactions (i.e., securities failed-to-receive) are recorded at the amount for which the securities were purchased, and are paid upon receipt of the securities from other brokers or dealers. In the case of aged securities failed-to-receive, the Group may purchase the underlying security in the market and seek reimbursement for losses from the counterparty.

              The Group enters into securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions ("repos") in addition to securities borrowing and lending arrangements, all of which may result in credit exposure in the event the counterparty to a transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations. In accordance with industry practice, repos are collateralized by securities with a market value in excess of the obligation under the contract. Similarly, securities borrowed and loaned agreements are collateralized by deposits of cash. The Group attempts to minimize credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring collateral values on a daily basis and requiring additional collateral to be deposited with or returned to the Group when deemed necessary.

F-40


Interactive Brokers Group LLC and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)
(in thousands)

3.    Trading Activities and Related Risks (Continued)

Concentrations of Credit Risk

              The Group's exposure to credit risk associated with its trading and other activities is measured on an individual counterparty basis, as well as by groups of counterparties that share similar attributes. Concentrations of credit risk can be affected by changes in political, industry, or economic factors. To reduce the potential for risk concentration, credit limits are established and monitored in light of changing counterparty and market conditions.

Off-Balance Sheet Risks

              The Group may be exposed to a risk of loss not reflected on the condensed consolidated financial statements for certain derivative instruments, including equity options and futures products and for securities sold, but not yet purchased, which represent obligations of the Group to deliver the specified securities at the contracted price, and thereby, may create a liability to repurchase them in the market at prevailing prices. Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance-sheet risk as the Group's cost to liquidate such securities and futures contracts may exceed the amount reported in the Group's condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

4.    Securities Owned and Sold, But Not Yet Purchased

              Securities owned and sold, but not yet purchased, consist of securities at quoted market prices, as follows at December 31:

 
  September 30, 2006
  December 31, 2005
 
  Owned
  Sold But Not
Yet Purchased

  Owned
  Sold But Not
Yet Purchased

Stocks   $ 10,488,159   $ 10,861,410   $ 8,020,389   $ 9,111,073
Options     4,514,954     4,424,996     3,424,053     3,315,302
U.S. and foreign government                        
obligations     433,459         525,504    
Warrants     45,867         33,234    
Corporate bonds     24,811         26,639    
Discount certificates     17,889         9,160    
   
 
 
 
    $ 15,525,139   $ 15,286,406   $ 12,038,979   $ 12,426,375
   
 
 
 

5.    Senior Notes Payable

              At September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, IBG LLC had $143,692 and $164,666 of 7% and 8% senior notes outstanding, which were privately placed to certain qualified customers of IB LLC. All of the senior notes outstanding at September 30, 2006 and December 31,

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2005 have either a 15-month or an 18-month maturity. IBG LLC may, solely at its option, redeem the senior notes at any time on or after a specified date in the third month or the sixth month, respectively, after the date on which the senior notes are issued and sold (the "Optional Redemption Date"), at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the senior notes to be redeemed plus accrued interest. During the year ended December 31, 2005, IBG LLC redeemed $493,170 of senior notes, which included all of the senior notes issued in 2004. During the period from January 1 through September 30, 2006, total senior notes issuances and redemptions were $395,315 and $416,289, respectively, including all senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2005.

6.    Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility

              In May 2006, the Group entered into a 3-year $300 million revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks, of which $150 million was borrowed in May 2006. As of September 30, 2006, the interest rate on this facility was 5.93%. The facility is secured by a first priority interest in all of the capital stock of each entity owned directly by IBG LLC (subject to customary limitations with respect to foreign subsidiaries), and loans and advances to, and other intercompany obligations owed by, each entity owned directly or indirectly by IBG LLC. The financial covenants on the Group under the terms of the senior secured revolving credit facility are:

      minimum net worth of $1.5 billion, with quarterly increases equal to 25% of positive consolidated net income;

      maximum total debt to capitalization ratio of 30%;

      minimum liquidity ratio of 1.0 to 1.0; and

      maximum total debt to net regulatory capital ratio of 35%.

              As of September 30, 2006, the Group was in compliance with all of the covenants under the facility.

7.    Investments

              In 2002, the Group acquired an interest in Boston Options Exchange, LLC ("BOX"), which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. BOX was approved as an exchange by the SEC on January 7, 2004, and commenced operations. In January 2005, the Group sold a portion of its interest in BOX for proceeds of $2,596 and in August 2006 a dividend of $607 was received. As of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Group's investment in BOX was $5,417 and $5,433, respectively. As of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, receivables for market maker

F-42


incentives from BOX were $245 and $418, respectively, and exchange fees payable to BOX were $1,211 and $584, respectively.

              In 2006 the Group made strategic investments totaling $26,500 in electronic trading exchanges OneChicago LLC, ISE Stock Exchange, LLC and CBOE Stock Exchange, LLC. CBOE Stock Exchange, LLC has not commenced operations as of September 30, 2006. These investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As of September 30, 2006, the Group's investments in these three exchanges were $19,322, $4,066 and $2,250, respectively.

8.    Defined Contribution and Employee Incentive Plans

Defined Contribution Plan

              The Group offers substantially all employees of U.S.-based Operating Companies who have met minimum service requirements the opportunity to participate in defined contribution retirement plans qualifying under the provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The general purpose of these plans is to provide employees with an incentive to make regular savings in order to provide additional financial security during retirement. The Plan provides for the Group to match 50% of the employees' pretax contribution, up to a maximum of 10% of eligible earnings. The employee is vested in the matching contribution incrementally over six years.

Employee Incentive Plans

              Return on Investment Dollar Units ("ROI Dollar Units"): Since 1998, IBG LLC has granted all non-member employees ROI Dollar Units, which are redeemable under the amended provisions of the plan, and in accordance with regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service (Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code). Upon redemption, the grantee is entitled to accumulated earnings on the face value of the certificate, but not the actual face value. For grants made in 1998 and 1999, grantees may redeem the ROI Dollar Units after vesting on the fifth anniversary of the date of their grant and prior to the tenth anniversary of the date of their grant. For grants made between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2005, grantees must elect to redeem the ROI Dollar Units upon the fifth, seventh or tenth anniversary date. These ROI Dollar Units will vest upon the fifth anniversary of the date of their grant and will continue to accumulate earnings until the elected redemption date. For grants made on or after January 1, 2006, all ROI Dollar Units shall vest on the fifth anniversary date of their grant and will be automatically redeemed. As of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, payables to employees for ROI Dollar Units were $37,494 and $34,091, respectively, of which $20,677 and $18,035 were vested. These amounts are included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position.

              Redeemable Members' Interests: Selected employees are granted non-transferable member interests in IBG LLC, which confer ownership rights in IBG LLC and entitle the holders to their proportionate share of the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC based on their holding percentages

F-43



beginning on the date of the grant. The "Agreement as to Member Interest Purchase Rights" gives IBG LLC the right to repurchase any member's interests at its discretion at any time which, in particular, is triggered by a termination of employment of a member-employee, and also permits members to sell their interests back to IBG LLC at any time, in every case for an amount equal to management's estimate of fair value, as defined in the Agreement. Because IBG LLC places a high value on the retention of its key employees, payment for a portion of redeemed interests is contingent on a post-redemption consulting services requirement that, among other conditions, requires that a member-employee not compete with IBG LLC in any area of its businesses for five years following the date of redemption. In order to enforce these terms, payment for one-half of the redeemed interests is, under normal conditions, made within five months after the redemption date. Payment for the remaining one-half of the redeemed interests is made five years hence, subject to satisfaction of the consulting services and non-compete provisions of the Agreement. IBG LLC recognizes compensation expense equal to the granted interest at the time of grant. If and when the terms of the five-year consulting and non-compete period are satisfied, IBG LLC records a distribution of redeemable members' interests at such time as the remaining payment is made to the member-employee. Should any portion of a member-employee's interests be forfeited, such forfeited member interests would be redistributed among the remaining members in proportion to their holding percentages. Redemptions of member interests are accounted for as members' interests distributions.

9.    Redeemable Members' Interests

              The IBG LLC operating agreement (the "LLC Agreement"), as amended, sets forth the respective rights and obligations of members of the Group. The LLC Agreement also provides for terms of its management and conduct of its affairs. The Group executive committee is responsible for managing the affairs of the Group.

              The Group's founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Thomas Peterffy, and his affiliates own approximately 85% of member interests and the remaining interests are owned primarily by key employees (Note 8).

              Mr. Peterffy, who is also the Managing Member and sole voting member of IBG LLC, may transfer all or any portion of his member interests to any person. In the event that the percentage interest of any member changes or a new member is admitted, all member interests are recalculated in proportion to the percentage interest held at that time. The Group may enter into an agreement of merger, consolidation, or sale or other transfer of substantially all of the assets of the Group upon the decision of the Managing Member. The Group will terminate upon a vote to dissolve the Group; upon the retirement, resignation or other withdrawal of the Managing Member; or under certain statutory events, unless the Managing Member and a majority of the members vote to continue the business of the Group.

              Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, consolidated profits and losses of the Group are allocated to the members in proportion to their respective percentage interests. Distributions to members, which historically have been made to assist members in meeting their income tax obligations with respect to

F-44



their proportionate share of the Group's profits, are made at the discretion of the Managing Member in proportion to the respective members' percentage interests.

10.    Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Litigation

              The Group is from time to time subject to litigation and other legal proceedings. As of September 30, 2006, certain Operating Companies have been named parties to legal actions. The Group intends to vigorously defend these actions as necessary. Although the results of legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, that the resolution of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on IBG LLC's business or financial condition but may materially impact results of operations for any given period. The Group has not recorded any liability in relation to such litigation matters in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as there are no matters for which liabilities are probable or estimatable.

Leases

              Operating Companies have non-cancelable operating leases covering office space. All but one of the office space leases are subject to escalation clauses based on specified costs incurred by the respective landlords and contain renewal elections. In November 2005, the leases on the primary U.S. office space for the Group and its affiliates were renegotiated through January 2014, with renewal options through January 2026. As of September 30, 2006, the Group's minimum annual lease commitments are as follows:

Year

   
2006 (remaining)   $ 1,474
2007     5,671
2008     5,660
2009     5,532
2010     5,194
Thereafter     18,351
   
    $ 41,882
   

Guarantees

              Certain of the Operating Companies provide guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges which meet the accounting definition of a guarantee under FIN No. 45, Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others. Under the standard membership agreement, members are required to guarantee collectively the performance of other members. Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy

F-45



its obligations to the clearinghouse, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. The Operating Companies' liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and could exceed the cash and securities they have posted as collateral. However, the potential for these Operating Companies to be required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no contingent liability is carried on the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition for these arrangements.

              In connection with its retail brokerage business, IB LLC performs securities and commodities execution, clearance and settlement on behalf of its customers for whom it commits to settle trades submitted by such customers with the respective clearing houses. If a customer fails to fulfill its obligation, IB LLC must fulfill the customer's obligation with the trade counterparty.

              IB LLC is fully secured by assets in customers' accounts and any proceeds received from securities and commodities transactions entered into by IB LLC on behalf of customers. No contingent liability is carried on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for these fully collateralized transactions.

Other Commitments

              Certain clearing houses and clearing banks and firms used by certain Operating Companies are given a security interest in certain assets of those Operating Companies held by those clearing organizations. These assets may be applied to satisfy the obligations of those Operating Companies to the respective clearing organizations.

11.    Segment Information

              The Group operates in two business segments, Market Making and Electronic Brokerage. The Group conducts its market making business through its Timber Hill subsidiaries on the world's leading exchanges and market centers, primarily in exchange-traded equities, equity options and equity-index options and futures. The Group conducts its electronic brokerage business through its Interactive Brokers subsidiaries, which provide electronic execution and clearing services to customers worldwide.

              There are significant transactions and balances between the Operating Companies, primarily as a result of certain Operating Companies holding exchange or clearing organization memberships, which are utilized to provide execution and clearing services to affiliates. Intra-segment and intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in this segment information. Corporate items include non-allocated corporate income and expenses that are not attributed to segments for performance measurement, corporate assets and eliminations.

              Management believes that the following information by business segment provides a reasonable representation of each segment's contribution to total net revenues, income before income taxes and to

F-46



total assets as of September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005:

 
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 
  2006
  2005
Net revenues:            
  Market making   $ 749,276   $ 544,005
  Electronic brokerage     216,756     128,038
  Corporate and eliminations     2,958     3,522
   
 
    Total net revenues   $ 968,990   $ 675,565
   
 
Income before income taxes:            
  Market making   $ 522,379   $ 369,233
  Electronic brokerage     77,504     35,719
  Corporate and eliminations     43     2,023
   
 
    Total income before income taxes   $ 599,926   $ 406,975
   
 
 
  September 30, 2006
  December 31, 2005
 
Segment assets:              
  Market making   $ 28,581,132   $ 21,778,775  
  Electronic brokerage     4,187,927     2,852,611  
  Corporate and eliminations     (581,320 )   (339,239 )
   
 
 
    Total assets   $ 32,187,739   $ 24,292,147  
   
 
 

12.    Regulatory Requirements

             TH LLC and IB LLC are subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) under the Exchange Act and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission's minimum financial requirements (Regulation 1.17). At September 30, 2006, TH LLC had net capital of $979.1 million, which was $965.2 million in excess of required net capital, and IB LLC had net capital of $245.5 million, which was $224.1 million in excess of required net capital.

              THE is subject to the Swiss National Bank eligible equity requirement. At September 30, 2006, THE had eligible equity of $571.5 million which was $356.7 million in excess of the minimum requirement.

F-47



              THSHK is subject to the Hong Kong Securities Futures Commission liquid capital requirement, THA is subject to the Australian Stock Exchange liquid capital requirement, THC and IBC are subject to the Investment Dealers Association of Canada risk-adjusted capital requirement and IBUK is subject to the U.K. Financial Services Authority financial resources requirement.

              At September 30, 2006, all of the Operating Companies were in compliance with their respective regulatory capital requirements.

              Regulatory capital requirements could restrict the Operating Companies from expanding their business and declaring dividends if their net capital does not meet regulatory requirements. Also, certain entities within the Group are subject to other regulatory restrictions and requirements.

F-48


Shares of Class A Common Stock

GRAPHIC

Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.

Dealer Prospectus Delivery Obligation

              Until               , 2007 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealer's obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as a placement agent and with respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions.




PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

ITEM 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

              The following table sets forth all expenses other than the placement agency fee, payable by the Registrant in connection with the sale of the common shares being registered. All amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee.

SEC registration fee   $ 53,500
NASD fee   $ *
Legal fees and expenses   $ *
Printing and engraving expenses   $ *
Blue sky fees   $ *
NASDAQ fees   $ *
Transfer agent fees   $ *
Accounting fees and expenses   $ *
Miscellaneous   $ *
  Total   $ *

*
To be provided by amendment.

ITEM 14. Indemnification of Officers and Directors.

              Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL) provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been a director, officer, employee of or agent to the Registrant. The statute provides that it is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

              As permitted by the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation includes a provision that eliminates the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (1) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; (2) for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of the law; (3) under Section 174 of the DGCL regarding unlawful dividends and stock purchases; or (4) arising as a result of any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

              As permitted by the DGCL, our bylaws provide that (1) we are required to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law; (2) we are permitted to indemnify our other employees to the extent permitted by applicable statutory law; (3) we are required to advance expenses to our directors and officers in connection with any legal proceeding, subject to the provisions of applicable statutory law; and (4) the rights conferred in our bylaws are not exclusive.

              At present, we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers, employees or agents in which indemnification would be required or permitted. We believe that our charter provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

II-1



Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

              As described under "Description of Indebtedness—Senior Notes," IBG LLC periodically issues senior notes in private placements to certain qualified customers of Interactive Brokers LLC in private placements in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. These senior notes were offered through Interactive Brokers LLC, the exclusive placement agent, on a best-efforts basis for a commission of $1.00 per $1,000 principal amount of the senior notes subscribed to by the purchasers. IBG LLC uses the proceeds from sales of the senior notes to provide capital to IBG LLC's broker-dealer subsidiaries in the form of subordinated loans and for other general purposes. All of the outstanding senior notes have either a 15-month or an 18-month maturity. IBG LLC may, solely at its option, redeem the senior notes at any time on or after a specified date in the third month or the sixth month, respectively, after the date on which the senior notes are issued and sold, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the senior notes to be redeemed plus accrued interest.

              The following chart sets forth the principal amounts of senior notes issued since January 1, 2003:

Date Issued

  Principal Amount
  Interest Rate
  Date Redeemed
January 21, 2003   $ 4,236,000   8.00 % April 21, 2003
February 24, 2003   $ 5,223,000   8.00 % May 19, 2003
March 24, 2003   $ 6,235,000   8.00 % June 23, 2003
April, 21, 2003   $ 8,224,000   8.00 % July 21, 2003
May 19, 2003   $ 7,136,000   8.00 % August 18, 2003
June 23, 2003   $ 8,847,000   8.00 % September 22, 2003
July 21, 2003   $ 10,880,000   8.00 % October 20, 2003
August 18, 2003   $ 10,531,000   8.00 % November 24, 2003
September 22, 2003   $ 12,185,000   8.00 % December 22, 2003
October 20, 2003   $ 14,839,000   8.00 % January 20, 2004
November 24, 2003   $ 13,125,000   8.00 % February 23, 2004
December 22, 2003   $ 15,779,000   8.00 % March 22, 2004
January 20, 2004   $ 16,903,000   8.00 % April 19, 2004
February 23, 2004   $ 18,540,000   8.00 % May 24, 2004
March 22, 2004   $ 21,662,000   8.00 % June 21, 2004
April 19, 2004   $ 24,930,000   8.00 % July 19, 2004
May 24, 2004   $ 26,269,000   8.00 % August 23, 2004
June 21, 2004   $ 26,355,000   8.00 % September 20, 2004
July 19, 2004   $ 29,497,000   8.00 % October 18, 2004
August 23, 2004   $ 33,335,000   8.00 % November 22, 2004
September 20, 2004   $ 29,076,000   8.00 % December 20, 2004
October 18, 2004   $ 29,497,000   8.00 % January 24, 2005
November 22, 2004   $ 44,235,000   8.00 % February 22, 2005
December 20, 2004   $ 34,766,000   8.00 % March 21, 2005
January 24, 2005   $ 38,328,000   8.00 % April 18, 2005
February 22, 2005   $ 47,671,000   8.00 % May 23, 2005
March 21, 2005   $ 43,052,000   8.00 % June 20, 2005
April 18, 2005   $ 45,344,000   8.00 % July 18, 2005
May 23, 2005   $ 40,123,000   8.00 % November 21, 2005
May 23, 2005   $ 14,498,000   8.00 % August 22, 2005
June 20, 2005   $ 35,371,000   8.00 % September 19, 2005
June 20, 2005   $ 13,847,000   8.00 % December 24, 2005
July 18, 2005   $ 10,030,000   8.00 % January 23, 2006
               

II-2


July 18, 2005   $ 39,712,000   8.00 % October 24, 2005
August 22, 2005   $ 12,218,000   8.00 % February 21, 2006
August 22, 2005   $ 36,219,000   8.00 % November 21, 2005
September 19, 2005   $ 29,929,000   8.00 % December 19, 2005
September 19, 2005   $ 7,722,000   8.00 % March 20, 2006
October 24, 2005   $ 32,890,000   8.00 % January 23, 2006
October 24, 2005   $ 11,091,000   8.00 % April 24, 2006
November 21, 2005   $ 14,414,000   8.00 % May 22, 2006
November 21, 2005   $ 32,266,000   8.00 % February 21, 2006
December 19, 2005   $ 30,212,000   8.00 % March 20, 2006
December 19, 2005   $ 13,823,000   8.00 % June 19, 2006
January 23, 2006   $ 18,495,000   8.00 % July 24, 2006
January 23, 2006   $ 38,926,000   8.00 % April 24, 2006
February 21, 2006   $ 16,475,000   8.00 % August 21, 2006
February 21, 2006   $ 35,821,000   8.00 % May 22, 2006
March 20, 2006   $ 32,847,000   8.00 % June 19, 2006
March 20, 2006   $ 14,073,000   8.00 % September 18, 2006
April 24, 2006   $ 37,369,000   8.00 % July 24, 2006
April 24, 2006   $ 18,191,000   8.00 % Maturity Date: October 22, 2007
May 22, 2006   $ 14,467,000   8.00 % Maturity Date: November 19, 2007
May 22, 2006   $ 38,822,000   8.00 % August 21, 2006
June 19, 2006   $ 7,309,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: December 24, 2007
June 19, 2006   $ 18,795,000   7.00 % September 18, 2006
July 24, 2006   $ 12,102,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: January 22, 2008
July 24, 2006   $ 23,727,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: October 22, 2007
August 21, 2006   $ 11,031,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: February 19, 2008
August 21, 2006   $ 26,492,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: November 19, 2007
September 18, 2006   $ 10,318,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: March 24, 2008
September 18, 2006   $ 20,055,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: December 24, 2007
October 23, 2006   $ 28,910,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: January 22, 2008
October 23, 2006   $ 14,096,000   7.00 % Maturity Date: April 21, 2008

              On November 21, 2006, the Registrant issued 100 shares of the Registrant's Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, to IBG LLC for $1. The issuance of such shares of common stock to IBG LLC was not registered under the Securities Act because the shares were offered and sold in a transaction exempt from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. IBG LLC will contribute these shares to IBG Holdings LLC in connection with the Recapitalization.

II-3



Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

    (a)
    Exhibits:

Exhibit
Number

  Description
1.1   Form of Placement Agency Agreement†

3.1

 

Certificate of Incorporation of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.*

3.2

 

Bylaws of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.*

5.1

 

Opinion of Dechert LLP†

10.1

 

Credit Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2006, by and among Interactive Brokers Group LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Harris N.A., Citibank, N.A. HSBC USA National Association and the Lenders party thereto.*

10.2

 

Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2006, made by Interactive Brokers Group LLC and each of the other signatories thereto in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Collateral Agent for the secured parties and as Bank Agent.*

10.3

 

Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2006, made by Interactive Brokers Group LLC and each of the other signatories thereto in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent for the secured parties.*

10.4

 

Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of IBG LLC.†

10.5

 

Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of IBG Holdings LLC.†

10.6

 

Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement by and among Interactive Brokers Group, Inc., IBG Holdings LLC, IBG LLC and the Members of IBG LLC.†

10.7

 

Tax Receivable Agreement by and between Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and IBG Holdings LLC.[nc_cad,217]

21.1

 

Subsidiaries of the registrant.†

23.1

 

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP*

23.2

 

Consent of Dechert LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).†

24.1

 

Power of Attorney (included in signature page).*

*
Filed herewith.

To be filed by amendment.

+
These exhibits relate to management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.

(b)
Financial Statement Schedules:

 
  Page
Schedule I—Condensed Financial Statements Of Interactive Brokers Group LLC For The Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2005   S-1

              Schedules other than that noted above are omitted because of an absence of other conditions under which they are required or because the information required to be disclosed is presented in the financial statements or notes thereto.

II-4


Item 17. Undertakings.

              Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of us in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

              The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the placement agents at the closing specified in the placement agency agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the placement agents to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

              We hereby undertake that:

              (i)    for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

              (ii)   for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

II-5



SIGNATURES

              Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-1 and has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Greenwich, State of Connecticut on November 27, 2006.

    INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.

 

 

By:

 

/s/  
PAUL J. BRODY      
Paul J. Brody, Chief Financial Officer,
Treasurer and Secretary


POWER OF ATTORNEY

              KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Thomas Peterffy, Earl H. Nemser and Paul J. Brody as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments and registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act) to this Registration Statement and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

              Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement on Form S-1 has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature
  Title
  Date

 

 

 

 

 
/s/  THOMAS PETERFFY      
Thomas Peterffy
  Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer)   November 27, 2006

/s/  
EARL H. NEMSER      
Earl H. Nemser

 

Vice Chairman and Director

 

November 27, 2006

/s/  
PAUL J. BRODY      
Paul J. Brody

 

Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

November 27, 2006

/s/  
MILAN GALIK      
Milan Galik

 

Senior Vice President, Software Development and Director

 

November 27, 2006

II-6


Schedule I

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Members of Interactive Brokers Group LLC

        We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Interactive Brokers Group LLC and subsidiaries (the "Group") as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005, and have issued our report thereon dated November 22, 2006 (included elsewhere in this Registration Statement). Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in Item 16 of this Registration Statement. This financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Group's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects the financial information set forth therein.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York
November 22, 2006

S-1



INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC

(Parent Company Only)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

 
  As of December 31,
 
  2005
  2004
 
  (in thousands)

Assets            
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 1,640   $ 132
Investments in subsidiaries, equity basis     2,170,275     1,776,928
Receivable from subsidiaries     248,319     212,494
Other assets     14,358     14,131
   
 
Total assets   $ 2,434,592   $ 2,003,685
   
 

Liabilities and redeemable members' interests

 

 

 

 

 

 
Liabilities:            
Short-term borrowings   $ 5,000   $ 5,000
Payable to subsidiaries     69,515     70,830
Senior notes payable     164,666     108,811
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities     21,165     20,592
Redeemable members' interests
(including accumulated other comprehensive income of $47,275 and $121,983)
    2,174,246     1,798,452
   
 
Total liabilities and redeemable members' interests   $ 2,434,592   $ 2,003,685
   
 

See accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements.

S-2



INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC

(Parent Company Only)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 
  Year ended December 31,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2003
 
 
  (in thousands)

 
Revenues—dividends, interest and other   $ 187   $ 135   $ 31  
   
 
 
 
Expenses:                    
  Interest expense     12,053     6,504     2,287  
  Other     27,136     21,103     24,476  
   
 
 
 
    Total expenses     39,189     27,607     26,763  
   
 
 
 
Loss before equity in income of subsidiaries and investment     (39,002 )   (27,472 )   (26,732 )
Equity in income of subsidiaries and investment, net of tax     574,522     297,915     371,660  
   
 
 
 
Net Income     535,520     270,443     344,928  
Cumulative translation adjustment     (74,708 )   44,564     49,205  
   
 
 
 
Comprehensive income   $ 460,812   $ 315,007   $ 394,133  
   
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements.

S-3



INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Parent Company Only)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 
  Year ended December 31,
 
 
  2005
  2004
  2003
 
 
  (in thousands)

 
Cash flows from operating activities:                    
  Net income   $ 535,520   $ 270,443   $ 344,928  
  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in)
    provided by operating activities:
                   
    Equity in income of subsidiaries and investment     (508,015 )   (213,407 )   (257,959 )
    Foreign curreny translation     (74,708 )   44,564     49,205  
    Amortization     4,887     4,026     3,379  
  Changes in operating assets and liabilities     (36,567 )   (76,689 )   (59,578 )
   
 
 
 
    Net cash provided by operating activities     (78,883 )   (28,937 )   (79,975 )
   
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities     109,554     (20,953 )   (16,294 )
   
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:     (29,163 )   (8,012 )   (63,937 )
   
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents     1,508     (28 )   (256 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year     132     160     416  
   
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year   $ 1,640   $ 132   $ 160  
   
 
 
 
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:                    
  Interest paid   $ 13,192   $ 4,789   $ 2,008  
   
 
 
 
  Taxes paid   $   $   $  
   
 
 
 

See accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements.

S-4



Interactive Brokers Group LLC

(Parent Company Only)

Notes to Condensed Financial Statements
Three Years Ended December 31, 2005

(in thousands)

1.    Basis of Presentation

        The accompanying condensed financial statements (the "Parent Company Financial Statements") of Interactive Brokers Group LLC ("IBG LLC"), including the notes thereto, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Interactive Brokers Group LLC and subsidiaries ("the Group") and the notes thereto.

        The preparation of the Parent Company Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the condensed financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

    Redeemable Members' Interests

        Redeemable members' interests represent member interests in IBG LLC that are entitled to share in the consolidated profits and losses of the Group. IBG LLC is a private entity owned by the members holding such member interests. As a private company, such amounts were classified historically as members' capital. For presentation purposes, IBG LLC has applied guidance within Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Topic D-98 "Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities," which requires securities or equity interests of a company whose redemption is outside the control of the company to be classified outside of permanent capital in the statement of financial condition. The member interests of IBG LLC can be redeemed by the members at book value at their option. Because this redemption right is deemed to be outside its control, IBG LLC has classified all members' capital outside of permanent capital to redeemable members' interests in the condensed statements of financial condition. Such reclassification was made to comply with EITF Topic D-98 and the requirements of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

    Income Taxes

        IBG LLC operates in the United States as a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, IBG LLC's income is not subject to U.S. federal or foreign income taxes.

2.    Transactions with Subsidiaries

        As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, receivables from subsidiaries of $248,319 and $212,494, respectively, and payables to subsidiaries of $69,515 and $70,830, respectively, related primarily to the allocation of funds, including funds received from the issuance of senior notes payable to subsidiaries to fund regulatory capital. In addition, at times, certain subsidiaries lend excess funds to IBG LLC. Dividends received from subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 were $66,507, $84,508 and $113,701, respectively.

S-5



3.    Short-term borrowings

        IBG LLC had $5,000 in short-term borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2005 and 2004 at interest rates of 9.25% and 7.25%, respectively. For the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, interest expense under short-term borrowings was $416, $322 and $310, respectively.

4.    Senior Notes Payable

        At December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, IBG LLC had $164,666 and $108,811 of 8% senior notes outstanding, which were privately placed to certain qualified customers of Interactive Brokers LLC, one of IBG LLC's operating subsidiaries. All of the senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2005 have either a 15-month or an 18-month maturity. IBG LLC may, solely at its option, redeem the senior notes at any time on or after a specified date in the third month or the sixth month, respectively, after the date on which the senior notes are issued and sold, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the senior notes to be redeemed plus accrued interest. In 2005 and 2004, IBG LLC redeemed $493,170 and $270,310 of senior notes, which included $108,811 and $43,743 of senior notes issued in 2004 and 2003, respectively. During the period from January 1 through June 30, 2006, total senior notes issuances and redemptions were $291,590 and $272,260, respectively, including all senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2005. Interest expense on senior notes was $11,558, $5,937 and $1,977 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

5.    Investments

        In 2002, IBG LLC acquired an interest in Boston Options Exchange, LLC ("BOX"), which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. BOX was approved as an exchange by the SEC on January 7, 2004, and commenced operations. In January 2005, IBG LLC sold a portion of its interest in BOX for its recorded value of $2,596. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004 IBG LLC's carrying value of its investment in BOX was $5,433 and $6,706, respectively, and is included in other assets in the condensed statement of financial condition.

6.    Redeemable Members' Interests

        The IBG LLC operating agreement, as amended (the "LLC Agreement"), sets forth the respective rights and obligations of members of the Group. The LLC Agreement also provides for terms of its management and conduct of its affairs. The Group's executive committee is responsible for managing the affairs of the Group.

        The Group's founder, chairman and chief executive officer, Thomas Peterffy, and his affiliates own approximately 85% of member interests and the remaining interests are owned primarily by key employees.

        Mr. Peterffy, who is also the Managing Member and sole voting member of IBG LLC, may transfer all or any portion of his member interests to any person. In the event that the percentage interest of any member changes or a new member is admitted, all member interests are recalculated in proportion to the percentage interest held at that time. The Group may enter into an agreement of merger, consolidation, or sale or other transfer of substantially all of the assets of the Group upon the decision of the Managing

S-6



Member. The Group will terminate upon a vote to dissolve the Group; upon the retirement, resignation or other withdrawal of the Managing Member; or under certain statutory events, unless the Managing Member and a majority of the members vote to continue the business of the Group.

        Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, consolidated profits and losses of the Group are allocated to the members in proportion to their respective percentage interests. Distributions to members, which historically have been made to assist members in meeting their income tax obligations with respect to their proportionate share of the Group's profits, are made at the discretion of the Managing Member in proportion to the respective members' percentage interests.

7.    Subsequent Events

        On January 18, March 21, June 15 and September 15, 2006, IBG LLC's Managing Member approved and paid cash dividends to members totaling $18,000, $68,000, $33,000 and $33,000, respectively.

        In 2006 IBG LLC made strategic investments totaling $26,500 in electronic trading exchanges OneChicago, LLC, ISE Stock Exchange, LLC and CBOE Stock Exchange, LLC. These investments will be accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

        In May 2006, IBG LLC entered into a 3-year $300 million revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks, of which $150 million was borrowed in May 2006.

S-7



INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit
Number

  Description
1.1   Form of Placement Agency Agreement[nc_cad,217]

3.1

 

Certificate of Incorporation of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.*

3.2

 

Bylaws of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.*

5.1

 

Opinion of Dechert LLP[nc_cad,217]

10.1

 

Credit Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2006, by and among Interactive Brokers Group LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Harris N.A., Citibank, N.A. HSBC USA National Association and the Lenders party thereto.*

10.2

 

Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2006, made by Interactive Brokers Group LLC and each of the other signatories thereto in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Collateral Agent for the secured parties and as Bank Agent.*

10.3

 

Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2006, made by Interactive Brokers Group LLC and each of the other signatories thereto in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent for the secured parties.*

10.4

 

Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of IBG LLC.[nc_cad,217]

10.5

 

Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of IBG Holdings LLC.[nc_cad,217]

10.6

 

Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement by and among Interactive Brokers Group, Inc., IBG Holdings LLC, IBG LLC and the Members of IBG LLC.[nc_cad,217]

10.7

 

Tax Receivable Agreement by and between Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and IBG Holdings LLC.[nc_cad,217]

21.1

 

Subsidiaries of the registrant.[nc_cad,217]

23.1

 

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP*

23.2

 

Consent of Dechert LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).[nc_cad,217]

24.1

 

Power of Attorney (included in signature page).*

*
Filed herewith.

To be filed by amendment.

+
These exhibits relate to management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.



QuickLinks

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The Offering
SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to Our Company Structure
Risks Related to Our Business
Risks Related to the Auction Process for This Offering
Other Risks Related To The Offering
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
THE RECAPITALIZATION TRANSACTIONS AND OUR ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
USE OF PROCEEDS
DIVIDEND POLICY
CAPITALIZATION
DILUTION
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Income
Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statements of Income
Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition As of September 30, 2006
Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition
SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
DESCRIPTION OF INDEBTEDNESS
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL TAX CONSEQUENCES TO NON-UNITED STATES HOLDERS
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
LEGAL MATTERS
EXPERTS
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE MEMBERS' INTERESTS
Interactive Brokers Group LLC and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Three Years Ended December 31, 2005 (in thousands)
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (in thousands)
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited) (in thousands)
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (in thousands)
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE MEMBERS' INTERESTS (Unaudited) (in thousands)
Interactive Brokers Group LLC and Subsidiaries Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (in thousands)
PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
SIGNATURES
POWER OF ATTORNEY
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC (Parent Company Only) CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC (Parent Company Only) CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES (Parent Company Only) CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Interactive Brokers Group LLC (Parent Company Only) Notes to Condensed Financial Statements Three Years Ended December 31, 2005 (in thousands)
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
EX-3.1 2 a2174744zex-3_1.htm EXHIBIT 3.1

Exhibit 3.1

 

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

 

OF

 

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.

 

ARTICLE ONE

 

The name of the corporation is Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

 

ARTICLE TWO

 

The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the state of Delaware is 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.

 

ARTICLE THREE

 

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”).

 

ARTICLE FOUR

 

Section 1.               Shares, Classes and Series Authorized. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 10,200 shares, consisting of: (a) 100 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”); (b) 100 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”); and (c) 10,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), issuable in one or more series as hereinafter provided. The Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock shall hereinafter collectively be called the “Common Stock.” The number of authorized shares of any class or classes of capital stock of the Corporation may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Common Stock, voting together as a single class, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL or any corresponding provision hereinafter enacted.

 

Section 2.               Preferred Stock. The Board of Directors is authorized to provide for the issuance from time to time of shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series and, by filing a certificate pursuant to the applicable provisions of the DGCL (a “Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation”), to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, with such voting powers, full or limited, if any, of the shares of such series, and such designations, preferences, and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as are stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issue thereof adopted by the Board of Directors (as such resolutions may be amended by a resolution or resolutions subsequently adopted by the Board of Directors),

 



 

and as are not stated and expressed in this Certificate of Incorporation including, but not limited to, determination of any of the following:

 

(a)           the distinctive designation of the series, whether by number, letter or title, and the number of shares which will constitute the series, which number may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares then outstanding and except where otherwise provided in the applicable Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation) from time to time by action of the Board of Directors;

 

(b)           the dividend rate, if any, and the times of payment of dividends, if any, on the shares of the series, whether such dividends will be cumulative, and if so, from what date or dates, and the relation which such dividends, if any, shall bear to the dividends payable on any other class or classes of stock;

 

(c)           the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions on which, the shares of the series may be redeemed at the option of the Corporation;

 

(d)           whether or not the shares of the series will be entitled to the benefit of a retirement or sinking fund to be applied to the purchase or redemption of such shares and, if so entitled, the amount of such fund and the terms and provisions relative to the operation thereof;

 

(e)           the amounts payable on, and the preferences, if any, of shares of the series in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation;

 

(f)            whether or not the shares of the series will be convertible into, or exchangeable for, any other shares of stock of the Corporation or other securities, and if so convertible or exchangeable, the conversion price or prices, or the rates of exchange, and any adjustments thereof, at which such conversion or exchange may be made, and any other terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange;

 

(g)           the rights of the shares of the series in the event of voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation;

 

(h)           whether or not the shares of the series will have priority over or be on a parity with or be junior to the shares of any other series or class of stock in any respect, or will be entitled to the benefit of limitations restricting the issuance of shares of any other series or class of stock, restricting the payment of dividends on or the making of other distributions in respect of shares of any other series or class of stock ranking junior to the shares of the series as to dividends or assets, or restricting the purchase or redemption of the shares of any such junior series or class, and the terms of any such restriction;

 

(i)            whether the series will have voting rights, in addition to any voting rights provided by law, and, if so, the terms of such voting rights; and

 

(j)            any other preferences, qualifications, privileges, options and other relative or special rights and limitations of that series.

 

2



 

Except as otherwise required by law, as otherwise provided herein or as otherwise determined by the Board of Directors in the applicable Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation as to the shares of any series of Preferred Stock prior to the issuance of any such shares, the holders of Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights and shall not be entitled to any notice of meeting of stockholders.

 

Section 3.               Common Stock. Except as otherwise provided in this Certificate of Incorporation or as otherwise required by applicable law, all shares of Common Stock shall be identical in all respects and shall entitle the holders thereof to the same rights and privileges, subject to the same qualifications, limitations and restrictions. The terms of the Common Stock set forth below shall be subject to the express terms of any series of Preferred Stock.

 

(a)           Voting Rights. The shares of Common Stock shall entitle the holders thereof to the following voting rights:

 

(1)           Each share of Class A Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one (1) vote in person or by proxy on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation.

 

(2)           Each share of Class B Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof: (A) at such time, if any, that there are no shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding, to one (1) vote in person or by proxy on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation, and (B) at such time, if any, that there are shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding, to the following number of votes in person or by proxy on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation: (x) the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable if all of the then outstanding membership interests (as defined below) held by such holder were exchanged for shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis pursuant to Article Four, Section 3(c) below, divided by (y) 100. “Membership Interests” shall mean membership interests in IBG LLC, a Connecticut limited liability company, or any successor entity thereto, issued under its Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (as the same may be amended from time to time, the “LLC Agreement”).

 

(3)           Except as otherwise required in this Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation or by applicable law, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation (or if any holders of shares of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote together with the holders of Common Stock, as a single class with such holders of shares of Preferred Stock).

 

(b)           Dividends and Distributions.

 

(1)           Subject to the preferences applicable to Preferred Stock, if any, outstanding at any time, the holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions in cash, property or shares of stock of the Corporation as may be declared thereon by the Corporation’s Board from time to time out of assets or funds of the Corporation legally available therefor; provided that, subject to the provisions of this Section 3, the Corporation shall not pay dividends or make distributions to any holders of any class of Common Stock unless simultaneously with such dividend or distribution, as the case may be, the

 

3



 

Corporation makes the same dividend or distribution with respect to each outstanding share of Common Stock regardless of class.

 

(2)           In the case of dividends or other distributions payable in Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock including distributions pursuant to stock splits or divisions of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock which occur after the first date upon which the Corporation has issued any shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, only shares of Class A Common Stock shall be distributed with respect to Class A Common Stock and only shares of Class B Common Stock shall be distributed with respect to Class B Common Stock. In the case of any such dividend or distribution payable in shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, the number of shares of each class of Common Stock payable per share of such class of Common Stock shall be equal in number.

 

(3)           In the case of dividends or other distributions consisting of other voting securities of the Corporation or of voting securities of any corporation which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation, the Corporation shall declare and pay such dividends in two separate classes of such voting securities, identical in all respects, except that: (1) the voting rights of each such security paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock, when compared to the voting rights of each such security paid to the holders of Class A Common Stock, shall have voting rights determined pursuant to the same formula as provided in Article Four, Section 3(a)(2) above; and (2) such security paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock shall have the same restrictions on transfer and ownership applicable to the transfer and ownership of Class B Common Stock.

 

(4)           In the case of dividends or other distributions consisting of securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, voting securities of the Corporation or voting securities of another corporation which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation, the Corporation shall provide that such convertible or exchangeable securities and the underlying securities be identical in all respects (including, without limitation, the conversion or exchange rate), except that: (1) the voting rights of each security underlying the convertible or exchangeable security paid to the holders of Class B Common Stock, when compared to the voting rights of each security underlying the convertible or exchangeable security paid to the holders of the Class A Common Stock, shall have voting rights determined pursuant to the same formula as provided in Article Four, Section 3(a)(2) above; and (2) such securities underlying the convertible or exchangeable securities paid to the holders of the Class B Common Stock shall have the same restrictions on transfer and ownership applicable to the transfer and ownership of the Class B Common Stock.

 

(c)           Exchange of Membership Interests.

 

(1)           Subject to adjustment as provided in Article Four, Section 3(d) below, and pursuant to the terms and conditions contained in that certain Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, by and among the Corporation, IBG Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, IBG LLC and the members of IBG LLC (as the same may be amended from time to time, the “Exchange Agreement”), each holder (other than the Corporation) of a Membership Interest shall be entitled to exchange, at any time and from time to time, any or all of such holder’s Membership Interests, on a one-for-one basis, into the same number of fully paid and

 

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non-assessable shares of Class A Common Stock (subject to the prior registration of the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock resulting from such exchange under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or pursuant to an exemption from registration thereunder). Such right shall be exercised by the delivery, in accordance with the timing restrictions and other procedures set forth in the Exchange Agreement, by a holder of Membership Interests of a written notice (an “Exchange Notice”) to the Corporation, at any time during normal business hours at the principal executive offices of the Corporation or at the office of the Corporation’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”), stating that such holder desires to exchange such Membership Interests, or a stated number of Membership Interests, into an equal number of shares of Class A Common Stock, and by instruments of transfer to the Corporation, in form satisfactory to the Corporation and to the Transfer Agent, duly executed by such holder or such holder’s duly authorized attorney, and transfer tax stamps or funds therefor, if required pursuant to Article Four, Section 3(c)(5) below.

 

(2)           As promptly as practicable following the delivery of an Exchange Notice in the manner provided in Article Four, Section 3(c)(1) above, as applicable, and the payment in cash of any amount required by the provisions of Article Four, Section 3(c)(5) below, the Corporation shall deliver or cause to be delivered at the office of the Transfer Agent, a certificate or certificates representing the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon such exchange, issued in such name or names as such holder may direct. Such exchange shall be deemed to have been effected immediately prior to the close of business on the date of the delivery of an Exchange Notice. Upon the date any such exchange is made or effected, all rights of the holder of such Membership Interests as such holder shall cease, and the person or persons in whose name or names the certificate or certificates representing the shares of Class A Common Stock are to be issued shall be treated for all purposes as having become the record holder or holders of such shares of Class A Common Stock; provided, however, that if any such surrender and payment occurs on any date when the stock transfer books of the Corporation shall be closed, the person or persons in whose name or names the certificate or certificates representing shares of Class A Common Stock are to be issued shall be deemed the record holder or holders thereof for all purposes immediately prior to the close of business on the next succeeding day on which the stock transfer books are open.

 

(3)           In the event of a reclassification or other similar transaction as a result of which the shares of Class A Common Stock are converted into another security, then a holder of Membership Interests shall be entitled to receive upon exchange the amount of such security that such holder would have received if such exchange had occurred immediately prior to the effective date of such reclassification or other similar transaction. No adjustments in respect of dividends shall be made upon the exchange of any Membership Interest; provided, however, that if a Membership Interest shall be exchanged subsequent to the record date for the payment of a dividend or other distribution on Membership Interests but prior to the date of such payment, then the registered holder of such Membership Interest at the close of business on such record date shall be entitled to receive the dividend or other distribution payable on such Membership Interest on such payment date notwithstanding the exchange thereof or the default in payment of the dividend or distribution due on such payment date.

 

(4)           The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock, solely for the purpose of issuance

 

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upon exchange of the outstanding Membership Interests, such number of shares of Class A Common Stock that shall be issuable upon the exchange of all such outstanding Membership Interests; provided that nothing contained herein shall be construed to preclude the Corporation from satisfying its obligations in respect of the exchange of the outstanding Membership Interests by delivery of purchased shares of Class A Common Stock which are held in the treasury of the Corporation. The Corporation covenants that if any shares of Class A Common Stock require registration with or approval of any governmental authority under any federal or state law before such shares of Class A Common Stock may be issued upon conversion or exchange, the Corporation shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such shares to be duly registered or approved, as the case may be. The Corporation shall use commercially reasonable efforts to list the shares of Class A Common Stock required to be delivered upon exchange prior to such delivery upon each national securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system upon which the outstanding Class A Common Stock is listed or traded at the time of such delivery. The Corporation covenants that all shares of Class A Common Stock that shall be issued upon exchange of  Membership Interests will, upon issue, be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

(5)           The issuance of certificates for shares of Class A Common Stock upon exchange of Membership Interests shall be made without charge to the holders of such shares or Membership Interests for any stamp or other similar tax in respect of such issuance; provided, however, that if any such certificate is to be issued in a name other than that of the holder of the Membership Interests exchanged, then the person or persons requesting the issuance thereof shall pay to the Corporation the amount of any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in such issuance or shall establish to the satisfaction of the Corporation that such tax has been paid or is not payable.

 

(d)           Stock Splits, Stock Dividends and Reclassification. The Corporation shall not in any manner subdivide (by any stock split, stock dividend, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combine (by reverse stock split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) the outstanding shares of one class of Common Stock unless the outstanding shares of all classes of Common Stock shall be proportionately subdivided or combined. The exchange rights for Membership Interests shall be adjusted accordingly if there is: (A) any subdivision (by any interest split, interest distribution, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse interest split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Membership Interests that is not accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination of the Common Stock; or (B) any subdivision (by any stock split, stock dividend, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Common Stock that is not accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination of the Membership Interests.

 

(e)           Options, Rights or Warrants.

 

(1)           The Corporation shall not make any offering of options, rights or warrants to subscribe for shares of Class B Common Stock.

 

(2)           Subject to Article Four, Section 3(e)(1) above, the Corporation shall have the power to create and issue, whether or not in connection with the issue and sale of any shares

 

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of stock or other securities of the Corporation, rights or options entitling the holders thereof to purchase from the Corporation any shares of its capital stock of any class or classes at the time authorized (other than Class B Common Stock), such rights or options to have such terms and conditions, and to be evidenced by or in such instrument or instruments, as shall be approved by the Board.

 

(f)            Mergers, Consolidation, Etc. In the event that the Corporation shall enter into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction in which shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock or securities, cash and/or any other property, then, and in such event, the shares of each class of Common Stock shall be exchanged for or changed into the same amount of stock, securities, cash and/or any other property, as the case may be, into which or for which each share of any other class of Common Stock is exchanged or changed; provided, however, that if shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into shares of capital stock, such shares so exchanged for or changed into may differ to the extent and only to the extent that the Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock differ as provided herein.

 

(g)           Liquidation Rights. In the event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the affairs of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation and after making provision for the holders of each series of Preferred Stock, if any, the remaining assets and funds of the Corporation, if any, shall be divided among and paid ratably to the holders of the shares of the Class A Common Stock and the Class B Common Stock treated as a single class.

 

ARTICLE FIVE

 

The Bylaws of the Corporation shall be adopted by the sole incorporator. In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized thereafter to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation or any amendment thereof without the assent or vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation and, in addition to any other vote required by law, the stockholders may, at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, duly called and upon proper notice thereof, make, alter, amend or repeal the Bylaws or any amendment thereof by the affirmative vote by the holders of not less than 66-2/3% of the shares of stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.

 

ARTICLE SIX

 

The Corporation shall indemnify each of the Corporation’s directors and officers in each and every situation where, under Section 145 of the DGCL, as amended from time to time (“Section 145”), the Corporation is permitted or empowered to make such indemnification. The Corporation may, in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, indemnify any other person who may be indemnified pursuant to Section 145 to the extent the Board of Directors deems advisable, as permitted by Section 145. The Corporation shall promptly make or cause to be made any determination required to be made pursuant to Section 145.

 

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No person shall be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director to the extent not permitted under the DGCL. If the DGCL is subsequently amended to further eliminate or limit the liability of a director, then a director of the Corporation shall not be liable to the fullest extent permitted by the amended DGCL. For purposes of this Article Six, “fiduciary duty as a director” shall include any fiduciary duty arising out of serving at the Corporation’s request as a director of another corporation, partnership, joint venture or other enterprise, and “personal liability to the Corporation or its stockholders” shall include any liability to another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, and any liability to the Corporation in its capacity as a security holder, joint venturer, partner, beneficiary, creditor or investor of or in any such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.

 

Neither any amendment nor repeal of this Article Six, nor the adoption of any provision of this Certificate of Incorporation or any amendment thereof inconsistent with this Article Six, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of this Article Six in respect of any matter occurring, or any cause of action, suit or claim that, but for this Article Six, would accrue or arise, prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision.

 

ARTICLE SEVEN

 

Except as otherwise provided by or fixed pursuant to the provisions of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation relating to the rights of holders of any series of preferred stock, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing (or deemed to be in writing under applicable law), setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by stockholders (or deemed to be signed by stockholders under applicable law) representing not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such actions at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered and dated as required by law. Prompt notice of the taking of such action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.

 

ARTICLE EIGHT

 

No stockholder of the Corporation shall have any preemptive or preferential right, nor be entitled to such as a matter of right, to subscribe for or purchase any part of any new or additional issue of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, whether issued for cash or for consideration other than cash, or of any issue of securities convertible into stock of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE NINE

 

The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by, or under the direction of, the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The number of directors of the

 

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Corporation shall be fixed from time to time in the Bylaws or any amendment thereof duly adopted by the Board of Directors or by the stockholders.

 

ARTICLE TEN

 

Advance notice of new business and stockholder nominations for the election of directors shall be given in the manner and to the extent provided in the Bylaws of the Corporation or any amendment thereof.

 

ARTICLE ELEVEN

 

Unless and except to the extent that the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so require, the election of directors of the Corporation need not be by written ballot.

 

ARTICLE TWELVE

 

The Corporation reserves the right to amend or repeal any provisions contained in this Certificate of Incorporation or any amendment thereof from time to time and at any time in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by the laws of the State of Delaware, and all rights conferred upon stockholders and directors are granted subject to such reservation.

 

 

The name and mailing address of the sole incorporator are as follows:

 

Name

 

Mailing Address

 

 

 

Steve J. Lee, Esq.

 

Dechert LLP

 

 

30 Rockefeller Plaza

 

 

New York, NY 10112

 

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The undersigned, being the sole incorporator hereinbefore named, for the purpose of forming a corporation pursuant to the DGCL, does make this Certificate of Incorporation, hereby declaring and certifying that the facts herein stated are true, and accordingly has hereunto set his hand this 14th day of November, 2006.

 

 

 

/s/ Steve J. Lee

 

 

Steve J. Lee, Esq.

 

 

 

(Incorporator)

 



EX-3.2 3 a2174744zex-3_2.htm EXHIBIT 3.2

Exhibit 3.2

 

BYLAWS OF

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.

 

 

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

 

Section 1.               Registered Office. The address of the registered office of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (the “Corporation”) in the state of Delaware is 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company. The registered office and/or registered agent of the Corporation may be changed from time to time by action of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 2.               Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

 

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 1.               Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as properly may come before such meeting, including, without limitation, for the purpose of the delivery of an annual report of the Board of Directors, shall be held at such place, within or without the State of Delaware (including by remote communication as authorized by Section 211(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”)), such date, and such time as designated by the Board of Directors and set forth in the notice or waiver of notice of the meeting.

 

Section 2.               Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes prescribed in the notice of the meeting, may be called by the Chief Executive Officer, President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of the Board of Directors or pursuant to a resolution approved by holders of a majority of votes represented by shares of the Common Stock (as defined in Article II, Section 8). Such special meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such places, within or without the State of Delaware (including by remote communication as authorized by Section 211(a)(2) of the DGCL), dates and times as shall be specified in the respective notices or waivers of notice thereof. Only business within the purpose or purposes described in the notice or waiver of notice required by these Bylaws may be conducted at a special meeting of the stockholders. No

 



 

stockholder shall have the power to require that a meeting of the stockholders be held or that any matter be voted on by the stockholders at any special meeting, except as required by law.

 

Section 3.               Notice. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take action at a meeting, a written or printed notice of the meeting stating the place, date, time, the means of remote communications, if any, and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose(s), of such meeting, shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting. All such notices shall be delivered, either personally or by mail, by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary, and if mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his, her or its address as the same appears on the records of the Corporation. Attendance of a stockholder at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the stockholder attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

 

Section 4.               Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, these Bylaws or the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, a majority of the outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders. If less than a majority of the outstanding shares are represented at a meeting, the chairman of the meeting or a majority of the shares so represented may adjourn the meeting from time to time in accordance with Section 6 of this Article, until a quorum shall be present or represented.

 

Section 5.               Organization. Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or in his or her absence by the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or in his or her absence by the Chief Executive Officer or the President, if any, or in his or her absence by a Vice President, if any, or in the absence of the foregoing persons, by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation, by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

 

Section 6.               Adjourned Meetings. Any meeting of the stockholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

 

Section 7.               Vote Required. When a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote

 

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on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, unless the question is one upon which by express provisions of an applicable law, the rules and regulations of any stock exchange or quotation system applicable to the Corporation, these Bylaws or the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. Where a separate vote by class is required, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares of such class present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting shall be the act of such class, unless the question is one upon which by express provisions of an applicable law, the rules and regulations of any stock exchange or quotation system applicable to the Corporation, these Bylaws or the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.

 

Section 8.               Voting Rights. Except as otherwise provided by the DGCL or in a resolution of the Board adopted pursuant to the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws establishing a series of Preferred Stock, at each meeting of stockholders, each holder of shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class A Common Stock”), shall be entitled to one (1) vote for each such share, and each holder of the Corporation’s Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class B Common Stock”, and together with the Class A Common Stock, the “Common Stock”), shall be entitled to the respective number of votes as set forth in the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, in each case determined with reference to the number of Membership Interests (as such term is defined in the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation) in IBG LLC, a Connecticut limited liability company, standing in such holder’s name on the stock records of the Corporation maintained in accordance with Article VII, Section 1 hereof (i) at the time fixed pursuant to Article VII, Section 4 of these Bylaws as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, or (ii) if no such record date shall have been fixed, then at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice thereof shall be given. At each meeting of stockholders, all matters (except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws and except in cases where a larger vote is required by law or by the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws) shall be decided by a majority of the votes cast at such meeting by the holders of shares of capital stock present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereon, a quorum being present.

 

Section 9.               Proxies. Each stockholder of record entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for him, her or it by proxy. A proxy must be executed by the stockholder granting the proxy or by his, her or its attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be voted or acted upon after the expiration of three years from its date, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the Corporation generally. A stockholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by filing an instrument in writing revoking the proxy or by filing another duly executed proxy bearing a later date with the Secretary of the Corporation.

 

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Section 10.             Stockholders List. The Secretary shall prepare and make available, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the place of the meeting for the duration of the meeting, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list of stockholders or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders.

 

Section 11.             Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.

 

(a)           Annual Meetings of Stockholders.

 

(i)            Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (A) by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board or the Board of Directors generally, (B) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) or (C) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in clauses (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph and who was a stockholder of record at the time such notice is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation.

 

(ii)           For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, pursuant to clause (C) of paragraph (a)(i) of this Section (or before a special meeting of stockholders pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section), the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such proposed business other than the nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than one hundred and twenty (120) days prior to the date of the Corporation’s proxy statement released to stockholders in connection with the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that if the Corporation did not hold an annual meeting the preceding year or if the date of the annual meeting is changed by more than thirty (30) days from the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, to be timely, notice by the stockholder must be delivered within a reasonable time before the Corporation prints and mails its proxy materials in connection with the annual meeting. In no event shall the adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth (A) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise

 

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required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), in each case including any successor rule or regulation thereto, including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; (B) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and of any beneficial owner on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (C) as to the stockholder giving the notice and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (1) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and the name, address and phone number of such beneficial owner, (2) the number and class of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (3) a description of any and all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (4) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination, and (5) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends (A) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or elect the nominee and/or (B) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination. The foregoing notice requirements shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of his or her intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with Rule 14a-8 (or any successor thereof) promulgated under the Exchange Act and such stockholder’s proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation.

 

(iii)          Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a)(ii) of this Section to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public announcement made by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least one hundred and twenty (120) days prior to the date of the Corporation’s proxy statement released to stockholders in connection with the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice under this paragraph shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

 

(b)           Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business as shall have been brought before the special meeting of the stockholders pursuant to the notice or waiver of notice of the meeting shall be conducted at such meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be

 

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elected pursuant to the notice or waiver of notice of the meeting (A) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (B) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is entitled to vote at the meeting, who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section and who is a stockholder of record at the time such notice is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation. Nominations by stockholders of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at such special meeting of stockholders if the stockholder’s notice as required by paragraph (a)(ii) of this Section shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation within a reasonable time before the Corporation prints and mails its proxy materials in connection with such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

 

(c)           General.

 

(i)            Other than as set forth in Article III, Section 4 hereof, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this Section, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be disregarded.

 

(ii)           The date and time of the opening and closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the person presiding over any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and to adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding person, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting.

 

(iii)          In advance of any meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof and may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the

 

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duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability and may perform such other duties not inconsistent herewith as may be requested by the Corporation.

 

(iv)          For purposes of this Section, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, PR Newswire, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

 

(v)           Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section. Nothing in this Section shall be deemed to affect any right of (A) a stockholder to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (B) the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provisions of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation.

 

Section 12.             Action Without Meeting. Except as otherwise provided by or fixed pursuant to the provisions of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation relating to the rights of holders of any series of preferred stock, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing (or deemed to be in writing under applicable law), setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by stockholders (or deemed to be signed by stockholders under applicable law) representing not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such actions at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered and dated as required by law. Prompt notice of the taking of such action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing. The Secretary shall file such consents with the minutes of the meetings of the stockholders.

 

Section 13.             Postponement and Cancellation of Meeting. Any previously scheduled annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be postponed, and any previously scheduled annual or special meeting of the stockholders called by the Board of Directors may be canceled, by resolution of the Board of Directors upon public notice given prior to the time previously scheduled for such meeting of stockholders.

 

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

 

Section 1.               Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authorities expressly conferred upon them by these Bylaws, the Board of Directors, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law or by the

 

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Corporations’ Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

 

Section 2.               Number, Election and Term of Office. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specific circumstances, the number of directors which shall constitute the Board of Directors shall be between four (4) and eleven (11), to be fixed exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors. The initial number of directors shall be four (4). The directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election of directors. Except as provided in Section 4 of this Article III, directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders. Each director elected shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

 

Section 3.               Removal and Resignation. Any director may resign at any time upon delivery of written notice of such resignation, signed by such director, to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer. Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, or if no time is specified, at the time of its receipt. Any director may be removed at any time, but only for cause upon the affirmative vote of not less than 66-2/3% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors at any meeting of such stockholders, including meetings called expressly for that purpose, and at which a quorum of stockholders is present.

 

Section 4.               Vacancies. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specific circumstances and unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a vote of a majority vote of the holders of the Corporation’s outstanding stock entitled to vote thereon. Each director so chosen shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as herein provided. No decrease in the number of authorized directors constituting the whole Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

 

Section 5.               Annual and Regular Meetings. The annual meeting of the Board of Directors for the purpose of electing officers and for the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting shall be held as soon as possible following adjournment of the annual meeting of the stockholders at the place of such annual meeting of the stockholders. Notice of such annual meeting of the Board of Directors need not be given. The Board of Directors from time to time may by resolution provide for the holding of regular meetings and fix the place (which may be within or without the State of Delaware), date and time of such meetings. Notice of regular meetings need not be given; provided, however, that if the Board of Directors shall fix or change the time or place of any regular meeting, notice of such action shall be mailed promptly, or sent by telephone, including a voice messaging system or other system or technology designed to record and communicate messages, telegraph, facsimile, electronic mail

 

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or other electronic means to each director who shall not have been present at the meeting at which such action was taken, addressed to him or her at his or her usual place of business, or shall be delivered to him or her personally.

 

Section 6.               Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, or by a majority of the directors, at such place, date and time as may be specified in the respective notices or waivers of notice of such meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called on at least twenty-four (24) hours’ notice to each director or such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances, if notice is given to each director personally or by telephone, including a voice messaging system or other system or technology designed to record and communicate messages, telegraph, facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic means, or on three (3) days’ notice from the official date of deposit in the mail if notice is mailed to each director, addressed to him or her at his or her usual place of business. Such notice need not state the purpose or purposes of, nor the business to be transacted at, such meeting, except as may otherwise be required by law or provided for by the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation. A meeting may be held at any time without notice if all the directors are present or if those not present waive notice of the meeting in writing either before or after such meeting.

 

Section 7.               Quorum, Required Vote and Adjournment. A majority of the total number of directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Except as otherwise provided by the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable law, the vote of a majority of directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

 

Section 8.               Organization. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or in his or her absence by the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or in his or her absence by the Chief Executive Officer of the President, if any, or in their absence by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

 

Section 9.               Telephonic Meetings. Members of the Board of Directors may participate in and act at any meeting of the Board of Directors through the use of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in the meeting pursuant to this section shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 10.             Waiver of Notice and Presumption of Assent. Any member of the Board of Directors who is present at a meeting shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting except when such member attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully

 

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called or convened. Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have assented to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall be filed with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the Secretary of the Corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.

 

Section 11.             Action by Written Consent. Unless otherwise restricted by the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors consent thereto in writing, and the writing(s) are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 12.             Reliance on Accounts and Reports, etc. A director shall, in the performance of his or her duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Corporation and upon information, opinions, reports or statements presented to the Corporation by any of the Corporation’s officers or employees, or committees designated by the Board of Directors, or by any other person as to the matters the director reasonably believes are within such other person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation.

 

Section 13.             Compensation of Directors. Directors, as such, may receive, pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, fixed fees, other compensation for their services as directors and reimbursement of expenses, including, without limitation, their services as members of committees of the Board of Directors. No such fixed fees, other compensation or reimbursement shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

 

ARTICLE IV

COMMITTEES

 

Section 1.               Committees. The Board of Directors shall, by resolution passed by a majority of the directors, designate a compensation committee, a nominating and governance committee, an audit committee and, from time to time, such other committees to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. Each committee shall consist of two or more of the directors of the Corporation, which to the extent permitted by law and provided in such resolution or these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise the powers of the Board of Directors in the management and affairs of the Corporation. Such committee(s) shall have such name(s) as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or

 

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she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member.

 

Section 2.               Committee Rules. Each committee of the Board of Directors may fix its own rules of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by the resolution of the Board of Directors designating such committee or the charter adopted by the Board of Directors for such committee. In the absence of such rules, each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board of Directors conducts its business pursuant to Article III of these Bylaws.

 

ARTICLE V

OFFICERS

 

Section 1.               Number. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, the officers of the Corporation shall consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may determine, including, but not limited to, one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, except that no person may simultaneously hold the office of President and Secretary. In its discretion, the Board of Directors may choose not to fill any office for any period as it may deem advisable.

 

Section 2.               Election and Term of Office. The Chief Executive Officer, President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at its annual meeting. The Board of Directors may from time to time elect, or the Chief Executive Officer may appoint, such other officers (including one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers) and such agents, as may be necessary or desirable for the conduct of the business of the Corporation. Such other officers and agents shall have such duties as shall be provided in these Bylaws or as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by the Chief Executive Officer. Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the Board of Directors. Each officer shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

 

Section 3.               Removal and Resignation. Any officer or agent elected by the Board of Directors may be removed by the Board of Directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Designation of an officer shall not itself create contract rights. Any officer may resign at any time upon delivery of written notice of such resignation, signed by such officer, to the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. Unless otherwise specified therein, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery.

 

Section 4.               Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by the Board of Directors.

 

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Section 5.               Compensation. Compensation of all officers shall be fixed by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the Corporation.

 

Section 6.               Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall have the general control and management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, under the direction of the Board of Directors. He or she shall have power: (i) to select and appoint all necessary officers and employees of the Corporation except such officers as under these Bylaws are to be elected by the Board of Directors, (ii) to remove all appointed officers or employees whenever he or she shall deem it necessary, and to make new appointments to fill the vacancies, and (iii) to suspend from office for cause any elected officer, which shall be forthwith declared in writing to the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall have such other authority and shall perform such other duties as may be determined by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 7.               President. The President shall have such authority and perform such duties relative to the business and affairs of the Corporation as may be determined by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of both the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer, the President shall preside at meetings of the stockholders and of the directors. If the Board of Directors shall not have elected a Chief Executive Officer, the President shall have such authority and shall perform such additional duties as in these Bylaws is provided for the office of Chief Executive Officer.

 

Section 8.               Vice Presidents and Assistant Vice Presidents. Each Vice President and each Assistant Vice President shall have such powers and perform all such duties as from time to time may be determined by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the senior officer to whom such officer reports.

 

Section 9.               The Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors, all meetings of the committees thereof and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings in a book(s) to be kept for that purpose. Under the Chief Executive Officer’s or President’s supervision, the Secretary shall (i) give, or cause to be given, all notices required to be given by these Bylaws or by law; (ii) have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or these Bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe; and (iii) have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation. The Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his or her signature. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the Secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary. The Assistant Secretaries shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or Secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.

 

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Section 10.             The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The Treasurer shall (i) have the custody of the corporate funds and securities; (ii) keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation; (iii) deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors; (iv) cause the funds of the Corporation to be disbursed when such disbursements have been duly authorized, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; (v) render to the Chief Executive Officer, the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meeting or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of the Corporation; and (vi) have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or these Bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe. The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurers shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or Treasurer may, from time to time, prescribe.

 

Section 11.             Other Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents. Officers, assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose duties are provided for in these Bylaws, shall have such authority and perform such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 12.             Absence or Disability of Officers. In the case of the absence or disability of any officer of the Corporation and of any person hereby authorized to act in such officer’s place during such officer’s absence or disability, the Board of Directors may by resolution delegate the powers and duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director, or to any other person whom it may select.

 

Section 13.             Security. The Board of Directors may require any officer, agent or employee of the Corporation to provide security for the faithful performance of his or her duties, in such amount and of such character as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 14.             Compensation. The compensation of the officers of the Corporation for their services as such officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors, provided, however, that, except to the extent otherwise required by applicable law or the rules and regulations of any stock exchange or quotation system applicable to the Corporation, the Board of Directors may by resolution delegate to the Chief Executive Officer the power to fix compensation of non-elected officers and agents appointed by the Chief Executive Officer. An officer of the Corporation shall not be prevented from receiving compensation by reason of the fact that such officer is also a director of the Corporation, but any such officer who shall also be a director shall not have any vote in the determination of such officer’s compensation.

 

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ARTICLE VI

INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 1.               Nature of Indemnity. The Corporation shall indemnify to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, as the same exists or may hereafter may be amended, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding (hereinafter, a “Proceeding”), whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, or investigative, or any appeal in such a Proceeding or any inquiry or investigation that could lead to such a Proceeding, by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, venturer, proprietor, trustee, employee, agent, or similar functionary of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship, trust, employee benefit plan, or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes, penalities and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by him or her or on his or her behalf in connection with such Proceeding and any appeal therefrom, and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators, provided, however, that except as provided in Section 2 of this Article VI with respect to proceedings seeking to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

Section 2.               Recovery of Unpaid Indemnification. If a claim under Section 1 of this Article VI is not paid in full by the Corporation within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant also shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any is required, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the DGCL for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including the Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

 

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Section 3.               Successful Defense. To the extent that a present or former director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Proceeding referred to in Section 1 of this Article VI or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith.

 

Section 4.               Preservation of Other Rights. The rights to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred in this Article VI shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

 

Section 5.               Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss asserted against him or her or incurred by him or her in any such capacity, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under this Article VI, provided that such insurance is available on acceptable terms, which determination shall be made by a vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 6.               Expenses. Expenses incurred by any person described in Section 1 of this Article VI in defending a Proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of such Proceeding’s final disposition and without any determination as to the person’s ultimate entitlement to indemnification; provided, however, that the payment of such expenses incurred by any such person in advance of the final disposition of a Proceeding shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of a written affirmation by such person of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification under this Article VI and a written undertaking, by or on behalf of such person, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article VI or otherwise.

 

Section 7.               Employees and Agents. Persons who are not covered by the foregoing provisions of this Article VI and who are or were employees or agents of the Corporation, or who are or were serving at the request of the Corporation as employees or agents of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, may be indemnified to the extent authorized at any time or from time to time by the Board of Directors. The expenses incurred by such employees and agents may also be paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Board of Directors deems appropriate.

 

Section 8.               Contract Rights. The provisions of this Article VI shall be deemed to be a contract right, and any repeal or modification of this Article VI or any such law shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts or proceeding then existing.

 

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Section 9.               Severability. If this Article VI or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify and hold harmless each director and officer and any other person indemnified pursuant to this Article VI as to costs, charges and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article VI that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

 

Section 10.             Appearance as a Witness. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article VI, the Corporation shall pay or reimburse expenses incurred by a director or officer in connection with his or her appearance as a witness or other participation in a Proceeding at a time when he or she is not a named defendant or respondent in the Proceeding.

 

ARTICLE VII

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

 

Section 1.               Form. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by (i) the Chairman of the Board, if any, the President or a Vice President and (ii) the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such stockholder in the Corporation. If such a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent or an assistant transfer agent other than the Corporation or its employee or (2) by a registrar, other than the Corporation or its employee, the signature of any such Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, President, Vice President, Secretary or Assistant Secretary may be facsimiles. In case any officer(s) who have signed, or whose facsimile signature(s) have been used on, any such certificate(s) shall cease to be such officer(s) of the Corporation whether because of death, resignation or otherwise before such certificate(s) have been delivered by the Corporation, such certificate(s) may nevertheless be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate(s) or whose facsimile signature(s) have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer(s) of the Corporation. All certificates for shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. The name of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall be entered on the books of the Corporation.

 

Section 2.               Transfer. Transfers of stock shall be made only upon the transfer books of the Corporation kept at an office of the Corporation or by transfer agents designated to transfer shares of the stock of the Corporation. Except where a certificate is issued in accordance with Section 3 of this Article, an outstanding certificate for the number of shares involved shall be surrendered for cancellation before a new certificate is issued therefor.

 

Section 3.               Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Corporation may direct a new certificate(s) of like kind to be issued in place of any certificate(s) previously issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When

 

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authorizing such issue of a new certificate(s), the Corporation may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate(s), or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

 

Section 4.               Fixing a Record Date for Stockholder Meetings. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the day immediately preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day immediately preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

 

Section 5.               Fixing a Record Date for Other Purposes. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights of the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

 

Section 6.               Registered Stockholders. Prior to the surrender to the Corporation of the certificate(s) for a share(s) of stock with a request to record the transfer of such share(s), the Corporation may treat the registered owner as the person entitled to receive dividends, to vote, to receive notifications, and otherwise to exercise all the rights and powers of an owner. The Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share(s) on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof.

 

ARTICLE VIII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

Section 1.               Dividends. Subject to any applicable provisions of law and the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation,

 

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may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum(s) as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, thinks proper as a reserve(s) to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for any other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the Board of Directors may similarly modify or abolish any such reserve.

 

Section 2.               Checks, Drafts or Orders. All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money by the Corporation and all notes and other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer(s) or agent(s) of the Corporation, and in such manner, as shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.

 

Section 3.               Contracts. The Board of Directors may authorize any officer(s) or any agent(s) of the Corporation to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

 

Section 4.               Fiscal Year. Unless otherwise fixed by resolutions of the Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the calendar year.

 

Section 5.               Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors shall provide a corporate seal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware.” The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

 

Section 6.               Voting Securities Owned By Corporation. Voting securities in any other corporation held by the Corporation shall be voted by the Chief Executive Officer or President, unless the Board of Directors specifically confers authority to vote with respect thereto, which authority may be general or confined to specific instances, upon some other person or officer. Any person authorized to vote securities shall have the power to appoint proxies with general power of substitution.

 

Section 7.               Section Headings. Section headings in these Bylaws are for convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.

 

Section 8.               Inconsistent Provisions. In the event that any provision of these Bylaws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, the DGCL or any other applicable law, such provision of these Bylaws shall not be given any effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full force and effect.

 

18



 

ARTICLE IX

AMENDMENTS

 

Subject to any express provision in the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation to the contrary, these Bylaws may be amended, altered or repealed:

 

(a)           by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors at any special or regular meeting of the Board of Directors without the assent or vote of the stockholders of the Corporation if, in the case of such special meeting only, notice of such amendment, alteration or repeal is contained in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting; or

 

(b)           at any regular or special meeting of the stockholders upon the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the holders of the combined voting power of the outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors if, in the case of such special meeting only, notice of such amendment, alteration or repeal is contained in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.

 

19



EX-10.1 4 a2174744zex-10_1.htm EXHIBIT 10.1

Exhibit 10.1

 

 

$300,000,000

 

CREDIT AGREEMENT

 

among

 

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC,
as Borrower,

 

The Several Lenders from Time to Time Parties Hereto,

 

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,
as Administrative Agent,

 

HARRIS N.A.,
as Syndication Agent,

 

and

 

CITIBANK, N.A. and HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Co-Syndication Agents

 

Dated as of May 19, 2006

 

 

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES INC.

 

and

 

HARRIS NESBITT CORP.,

 

as Joint Lead Arrangers and Bookrunners

 

 



 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Page

SECTION 1.

DEFINITIONS

1

 

 

1.1

Defined Terms

1

1.2

Other Definitional Provisions

15

 

 

SECTION 2.

AMOUNT AND TERMS OF COMMITMENTS

16

 

 

2.1

Revolving Commitments

16

2.2

Procedure for Revolving Loan Borrowing

16

2.3

Facility Fees, etc.

17

2.4

Termination or Reduction of Revolving Commitments

17

2.5

Optional Prepayments

17

2.6

Conversion and Continuation Options

17

2.7

Limitations on Eurodollar Tranches

18

2.8

Interest Rates and Payment Dates

18

2.9

Computation of Interest and Fees

18

2.10

Inability to Determine Interest Rate

19

2.11

Pro Rata Treatment and Payments

19

2.12

Requirements of Law

20

2.13

Taxes

21

2.14

Indemnity

23

2.15

Change of Lending Office

23

2.16

Replacement of Lenders

23

2.17

Increase in Revolving Commitments

24

 

 

SECTION 3.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

25

 

 

3.1

Financial Condition

25

3.2

No Change

26

3.3

Existence; Compliance with Law

26

3.4

Power; Authorization; Enforceable Obligations

26

3.5

No Legal Bar

26

3.6

Litigation

26

3.7

No Default

27

3.8

Ownership of Property; Liens

27

3.9

Intellectual Property

27

3.10

Taxes

27

3.11

Federal Regulations

27

3.12

ERISA

28

3.13

Membership in NASD; CFTC; Registration, etc.

28

3.14

Subsidiaries

28

3.15

Use of Proceeds

28

3.16

Environmental Matters

28

3.17

Accuracy of Information, etc.

29

3.18

Security Documents

30

 



 

SECTION 4.

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT

30

 

 

4.1

Conditions to Initial Extension of Credit

30

4.2

Conditions to Each Extension of Credit

31

 

 

SECTION 5.

AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS

32

 

 

5.1

Financial Statements

32

5.2

Certificates; Other Information

33

5.3

Payment of Obligations

33

5.4

Maintenance of Existence; Compliance

33

5.5

Maintenance of Property; Insurance

33

5.6

Inspection of Property; Books and Records; Discussions

33

5.7

Notices

34

5.8

Additional Collateral, etc.

34

5.9

Compliance with Regulatory Requirements

35

5.10

Post-Closing Covenant

36

 

 

SECTION 6.

NEGATIVE COVENANTS

36

 

 

6.1

Financial Condition Covenants

36

6.2

Indebtedness

36

6.3

Liens

38

6.4

Fundamental Changes

39

6.5

Disposition of Property

40

6.6

Restricted Payments

40

6.7

Investments

41

6.8

Transactions with Affiliates

42

6.9

Changes in Fiscal Periods

42

6.10

Lines of Business

42

 

 

SECTION 7.

EVENTS OF DEFAULT

42

 

 

SECTION 8.

THE AGENTS

44

 

 

8.1

Appointment

44

8.2

Delegation of Duties

45

8.3

Exculpatory Provisions

45

8.4

Reliance by Administrative Agent

46

8.5

Notice of Default

46

8.6

Non-Reliance on Agents and Other Lenders

46

8.7

Indemnification

47

8.8

Agent in Its Individual Capacity

47

8.9

Successor Administrative Agent

47

8.10

Syndication Agent

48

8.11

Co-Syndication Agents

48

 

 

SECTION 9.

MISCELLANEOUS

48

 

 

9.1

Amendments and Waivers

48

9.2

Notices

49

9.3

No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies

49

9.4

Survival of Representations and Warranties

49

 



 

9.5

Payment of Expenses and Taxes

49

9.6

Successors and Assigns; Participations and Assignments

50

9.7

Adjustments; Set-off

53

9.8

Counterparts

53

9.9

Severability

54

9.10

Integration

54

9.11

GOVERNING LAW

54

9.12

Submission To Jurisdiction; Waivers

54

9.13

Acknowledgements

54

9.14

Releases of Guarantees and Liens

55

9.15

Confidentiality

55

9.16

WAIVERS OF JURY TRIAL

55

9.17

USA PATRIOT Act

56

 



 

SCHEDULES:

 

 

 

 

1.1A

Revolving Commitments

 

1.1B

Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries

 

1.1C

Principal Subsidiaries

 

3.4

Consents, Authorizations, Filings and Notices

 

3.14

Subsidiaries

 

3.18(a)

UCC Filing Jurisdictions

 

6.2(e)

Existing Indebtedness

 

6.3(f)

Existing Liens

 

6.7(f)

Existing Investments

 

 

 

 

EXHIBITS:

 

 

 

 

A

Form of Guarantee and Collateral Agreement

 

B

Form of Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement

 

C

Form of Compliance Certificate

 

D

Form of Closing Certificate

 

E

Form of Assignment and Assumption

 

F

Form of Legal Opinion of Dechert LLP

 

G

Form of Exemption Certificate

 

 



 

CREDIT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of May 19, 2006, among INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC, a Connecticut limited liability company (the “Borrower”), the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to this Agreement (the “Lenders”). JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Administrative Agent (as defined below), HARRIS N.A., as Syndication Agent (as defined below), and CITIBANK, N.A. and HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Co-Syndication Agents (as defined below).

 

The parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

 

SECTION 1. DEFINITIONS

 

1.1                     Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the terms listed in this Section 1.1 shall have the respective meanings set forth in this Section 1.1.

 

ABR”: for any day, a rate per annum (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the next 1/100 of 1%) equal to the greater of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day and (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1%. For purposes hereof: “Prime Rate” shall mean the rate of interest per annum publicly announced from time to time by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as its prime rate in effect at its principal office in New York City (the Prime Rate not being intended to be the lowest rate of interest charged by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in connection with extensions of credit to debtors). Any change in the ABR due to a change in the Prime Rate or the Federal Funds Effective Rate shall be effective as of the opening of business on the effective day of such change in the Prime Rate or the Federal Funds Effective Rate, respectively.

 

ABR Loans”: Loans the rate of interest applicable to which is based upon the ABR.

 

Act”: as defined in Section 9.17.

 

Adjustment Date”: as defined in the Pricing Grid.

 

Administrative Agent”: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., together with its affiliates, as the joint lead arranger of the Revolving Commitments and as the administrative agent for the Lenders under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, together with any of its successors.

 

Affiliate”: as to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, is in control of, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” of a Person means the power, directly or indirectly, to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether by contract or otherwise. For purposes of Section 6.8, “Affiliate” shall also include a Person with the power, directly or indirectly, to vote 10% or more of the securities having ordinary voting power for the election of directors (or persons performing similar functions) of such Person.

 

Agents”: the collective reference to the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Agent, the Syndication Agent and the Co-Syndication Agents.

 

Aggregate Exposure”: with respect to any Lender at any time, an amount equal to the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment then in effect or, if the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Loans then outstanding.

 



 

Aggregate Exposure Percentage”: with respect to any Lender at any time, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of such Lender’s Aggregate Exposure at such time to the Aggregate Exposure of all Lenders at
such time.

 

Agreement”: as defined in the preamble hereto.

 

Applicable Margin”: as set forth in the Pricing Grid.

 

Approved Fund”: as defined in Section 9.6(b).

 

Assignee”: as defined in Section 9.6(b).

 

Assignment and Assumption”: an Assignment and Assumption, substantially in the form of Exhibit E.

 

Assuming Lender”: as defined in Section 2.17.

 

Available Revolving Commitment”: as to any Lender at any time, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) such Lender’s Revolving Commitment then in effect over (b) such Lender’s Revolving Extensions of Credit
then outstanding.

 

Banking Services”: treasury management services (including, without limitation, controlled disbursement, automated clearinghouse transactions, return items, overdrafts and interstate depository network services) provided to any Loan Party by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., any other Lender or any of their Affiliates, which are governed by the relevant agreement, if any, among the applicable Loan Party and the provider of such services.

 

Banking Services Obligations”: any and all obligations of the Loan Parties, whether absolute or contingent and howsoever and whensoever created, arising, evidenced or acquired (including all renewals, extensions and modifications thereof and substitutions therefor) in connection with Banking Services or, to the extent applicable, under the agreement governing the provision of such Banking Services.

 

Benefitted Lender”: as defined in Section 9.7(a).

 

Board”: the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States (or any successor).

 

Borrower”: as defined in the preamble hereto.

 

Borrowing Date”: any Business Day specified by the Borrower as a date on which the Borrower requests the relevant Lenders to make Loans hereunder.

 

Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries”: the Subsidiaries listed on Schedule 1.1B and any other Subsidiary that becomes a registered broker-dealer or the foreign equivalent of a registered broker-dealer after the date hereof.

 

Business”: as defined in Section 3.16(b).

 

Business Day”: a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized or required by law to close, provided, that with respect to notices

 

2



 

and determinations in connection with, and payments of principal and interest on, Eurodollar Loans, such day is also a day for trading by and between banks in Dollar deposits in the interbank eurodollar market.

 

Capital Lease Obligations”: as to any Person, the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under any lease of (or other arrangement conveying the right to use) real or personal property, or a combination thereof, which obligations are required to be classified and accounted for as capital leases on a balance sheet of such Person under GAAP and, for the purposes of this Agreement, the amount of such obligations at any time shall be the capitalized amount thereof at such time determined in accordance with GAAP.

 

Capital Stock”: any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock of a corporation, any and all equivalent ownership interests in a Person (other than a corporation) and any and all warrants, rights or options to purchase any of the foregoing, except for debt securities convertible or exchangeable into such Capital Stock.

 

Cash Equivalents”: (a) marketable direct obligations issued by, or unconditionally guaranteed by, the United States Government or issued by any agency thereof and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, in each case maturing within one year from the date of acquisition; (b) certificates of deposit, time deposits, eurodollar time deposits or overnight bank deposits having maturities of six months or less from the date of acquisition issued by any Lender or by any commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof having combined capital and surplus of not less than $500.0 million; (c) commercial paper of an issuer rated at least A-1 by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) or P-1 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or carrying an equivalent rating by a nationally recognized rating agency, if both of the two named rating agencies cease publishing ratings of commercial paper issuers generally, and maturing within six months from the date of acquisition; (d) repurchase obligations of any Lender or of any commercial bank satisfying the requirements of clause (b) of this definition, having a term of not more than 30 days, with respect to securities issued or fully guaranteed or insured by the United States government; (e) securities with maturities of one year or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States, by any political subdivision or taxing authority of any such state, commonwealth or territory or by any foreign government, the securities of which state, commonwealth, territory, political subdivision, taxing authority or foreign government (as the case may be) are rated at least A by S&P or A by Moody’s; (f) securities with maturities of six months or less from the date of acquisition backed by standby letters of credit issued by any Lender or any commercial bank satisfying the requirements of clause (b) of this definition; (g) money market mutual or similar funds that invest exclusively in assets satisfying the requirements of clauses (a) through (f) of this definition; or (h) money market funds that (i) comply with the criteria set forth in SEC Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (ii) are rated AAA by S&P and Aaa by Moody’s and (iii) have portfolio assets of at least $5.0 billion.

 

CFTC”: the Commodity Futures Trading Commission or any regulatory body which succeeds to the functions of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

 

Closing Date”: the date on which the conditions precedent set forth in Section 4.1 shall have been satisfied, which date shall not be later than May 19, 2006.

 

Co-Syndication Agents”: each of Citibank, N.A. and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, together with its affiliates, as the co-syndication agent for the Lenders under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, together with any of its successors.

 

Code”: the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

 

3



 

Collateral”: all property of the Loan Parties, now owned or hereafter acquired, upon which a Lien is purported to be created by any Security Document.

 

Collateral Agent”: as defined in the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement.

 

Commitment Increase”: as defined in Section 2.17.

 

Commitment Increase Date”: as defined in Section 2.17.

 

Commitment Termination Date”: May 19, 2009.

 

Commonly Controlled Entity”: an entity, whether or not incorporated, that is under common control with the Borrower within the meaning of Section 4001 of ERISA or is part of a group that includes the Borrower and that is treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Code.

 

Compliance Certificate”: a certificate duly executed by a Responsible Officer substantially in the form
of Exhibit C.

 

Conduit Lender”: any special purpose corporation organized and administered by any Lender for the purpose of making Loans otherwise required to be made by such Lender and designated by such Lender in a written instrument; provided, that the designation by any Lender of a Conduit Lender shall not relieve the designating Lender of any of its obligations to fund a Loan under this Agreement if, for any reason, its Conduit Lender fails to fund any such Loan, and the designating Lender (and not the Conduit Lender) shall have the sole right and responsibility to deliver all consents and waivers required or requested under this Agreement with respect to its Conduit Lender, and provided, further, that no Conduit Lender shall (a) be entitled to receive any greater amount pursuant to Section 2.12, 2.13, 2.14 or 9.5 than the designating Lender would have been entitled to receive in respect of the extensions of credit made by such Conduit Lender or (b) be deemed to have any Revolving Commitment.

 

Confidential Information Memorandum”: the Confidential Information Memorandum dated April 2006 and furnished to certain Lenders.

 

Consolidated Capitalization Ratio”: the ratio of (a) Consolidated Total Debt to (b) Consolidated Total Capitalization.

 

Consolidated Net Income”: for any period, the consolidated net income (or loss) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that (a) there shall be excluded (i) the income (or deficit) of any Person accrued prior to the date it becomes a Subsidiary of the Borrower or is merged into or consolidated with the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) the income (or deficit) of any Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Borrower) in which the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries has an ownership interest, except to the extent that any such income is actually received by the Borrower or such Subsidiary in the form of dividends or similar distributions and (iii) the undistributed earnings of any Subsidiary of the Borrower to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such Subsidiary is not at the time permitted by the terms of any Contractual Obligation (other than under any Loan Document) or Requirement of Law applicable to such Subsidiary and (b) there shall be included gains and losses with respect to “other comprehensive income”, as determined in accordance with GAAP.

 

Consolidated Regulatory Capital”: the net capital of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries determined in accordance with Rule 15c3-l (or any successor rule or regulation) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, or any equivalent foreign law, rule, regulation or guideline; provided, that (i)

 

4



 

regulatory capital charges in the form of “haircuts” (and foreign equivalents) shall be excluded and (ii) all other regulatory capital charges shall be included.

 

Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity”: at any time as of which the amount thereof is to be determined, the sum of the following in respect of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries (determined on a consolidated basis and excluding intercompany items among the Borrower and its Subsidiaries): (i) the amount of issued and outstanding share capital or member’s capital, plus (ii) the amount of additional paid-in capital and retained income (or, in the case of a deficit, minus the amount of such deficit), plus (or, in the event that “accumulated other comprehensive income” at such time is negative, minus) (iii) the amount of “accumulated other comprehensive income” which is included in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet, minus (iv) the absolute value of any treasury stock and the absolute value of any stock subscription receivables, as determined in accordance with GAAP.

 

Consolidated Total Capitalization”: as at any time as of which the amount thereof is to be determined, the sum of Consolidated Total Debt plus Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity.

 

Consolidated Total Debt”: at any date, the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries at such date (to the extent such Indebtedness would be included on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP); provided, that for the avoidance of doubt (A) subject to clause (B) below, there shall be excluded from Consolidated Total Debt Indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of business by or on behalf of Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries to finance working capital needs of Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries and (B) there shall be included in Consolidated Total Debt any third-party Indebtedness of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries that is incurred for the purposes of funding (directly or through intermediate Subsidiaries) Regulatory Capital of Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries.

 

Continuing Directors”: the directors of the Borrower on the Closing Date and each other director, if, in each case, such other director’s nomination for election to the board of directors of the Borrower is recommended by at least a majority of the then Continuing Directors.

 

Contractual Obligation”: as to any Person, any agreement, undertaking or similar provision of any security issued by such Person or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking (excluding a Loan Document) to which such Person is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound.

 

Default”: any of the events specified in Section 7, whether or not any requirement for the giving of notice, the lapse of time, or both, has been satisfied.

 

Disposition”: with respect to any property, any sale, lease, sale and leaseback, assignment, conveyance, transfer or other disposition thereof. The terms “Dispose” and “Disposed of” shall have correlative meanings.

 

Dollars” and “$”: dollars in lawful currency of the United States.

 

Domestic Subsidiary”: any Subsidiary of the Borrower organized under the laws of any jurisdiction within the United States.

 

Environmental Laws”: any and all foreign, Federal, state, local or municipal laws, rules, orders, regulations, statutes, ordinances, codes, decrees, requirements of any Governmental or Regulatory Authority or other Requirements of Law (including common law) regulating, relating to or imposing

 

5



 

liability or standards of conduct concerning protection of human health or the environment, as now or may at any time hereafter be in effect.

 

ERISA”: the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time.

 

Eurocurrency Reserve Requirements”: for any day as applied to a Eurodollar Loan, the aggregate (without duplication) of the maximum rates (expressed as a decimal fraction) of reserve requirements in effect on such day (including basic, supplemental, marginal and emergency reserves) under any regulations of the Board or other Governmental or Regulatory Authority having jurisdiction with respect thereto dealing with reserve requirements prescribed for eurocurrency funding (currently referred to as “Eurocurrency Liabilities” in Regulation D of the Board) maintained by a member bank of the Federal Reserve System.

 

Eurodollar Base Rate”: with respect to each day during each Interest Period pertaining to a Eurodollar Loan, the rate per annum determined on the basis of the rate for deposits in Dollars for a period equal to such Interest Period commencing on the first day of such Interest Period appearing on Page 3750 of the Telerate screen as of 11:00 A.M., London time, two Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period. In the event that such rate does not appear on Page 3750 of the Telerate screen (or otherwise on such screen), the “Eurodollar Base Rate” shall be determined by reference to such other comparable publicly available service for displaying eurodollar rates as may be selected by the Administrative Agent or, in the absence of such availability, by reference to the rate at which the Administrative Agent is offered Dollar deposits at or about 11:00 A.M., New York City time, two Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period in the interbank eurodollar market where its eurodollar and foreign currency and exchange operations are then being conducted for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period for the number of days comprised therein.

 

Eurodollar Loans”: Loans the rate of interest applicable to which is based upon the Eurodollar Rate.

 

Eurodollar Rate”: with respect to each day during each Interest Period pertaining to a Eurodollar Loan, a rate per annum determined for such day in accordance with the following formula (rounded upward to the nearest 1/100th of l%):

 

 

Eurodollar Base Rate

 

 

1.00 - Eurocurrency Reserve Requirements

 

 

Eurodollar Tranche”: the collective reference to Eurodollar Loans the then current Interest Periods with respect to all of which begin on the same date and end on the same later date (whether or not such Loans shall originally have been made on the same day).

 

Event of Default”: any of the events specified in Section 7, provided that any requirement for the giving of notice, the lapse of time, or both, has been satisfied.

 

Exchange Act”: as defined in Section 7(k).

 

Excluded Regulated Subsidiary”: any Subsidiary that is a registered broker-dealer or other regulated entity.

 

Facility Fee Rate”: as set forth in the Pricing Grid.

 

6



 

Fed Funds Loans”: Loans the rate of interest applicable to which is based upon the Federal Funds Rate.

 

Federal Funds Effective Rate”: for any day, the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by federal funds brokers, as published on the next succeeding Business Day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or, if such rate is not so published for any day that is a Business Day, the average of the quotations for the day of such transactions received by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. from three federal funds brokers of recognized standing selected by it.

 

Federal Funds Rate”: (i) for the first day of a Fed Funds Loan, the rate per annum which is the average of the rates on the offered side of the Federal funds market quoted by three interbank Federal funds brokers, selected by the Administrative Agent, at approximately the time the applicable Borrower requests such Borrowing, for dollar deposits in immediately available funds, for period ending the next Business Day and in an amount, comparable to the principal amount of such Fed Funds Loan, and (ii) for each day of such Fed Funds Loan thereafter, the rate per annum which is the average of the rates on the offered side of the Federal funds market quoted by three interbank Federal funds brokers, selected by the Administrative Agent, at approximately 1:00 P.M. New York City time, on such day for dollar deposits in immediately available funds, for a period ending the next Business Day and in an amount comparable to the principal amount of such Fed Funds Loan; in the case of both clauses (i) and (ii), as determined by the Administrative Agent and rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest 1/100 of 1%.

 

Fee Payment Date”: (a) the third Business Day following the last day of each March, June, September and December and (b) the last day of the Revolving Commitment Period.

 

Foreign Subsidiary”: any Subsidiary of the Borrower that is not a Domestic Subsidiary.

 

Funding Office”: the office of the Administrative Agent specified in Section 9.2 or such other office as may be specified from time to time by the Administrative Agent as its funding office by written notice to the Borrower and the Lenders.

 

GAAP”: generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect from time to time, except that for purposes of Section 6.1, GAAP shall be determined on the basis of such principles in effect on the date hereof and consistent with those used in the preparation of the most recent audited financial statements referred to in Section 3.1. In the event that any “Accounting Change” (as defined below) shall occur and such change results in a change in the method of calculation of financial covenants, standards or terms in this Agreement, then the Borrower and the Administrative Agent agree to enter into negotiations in order to amend such provisions of this Agreement so as to reflect equitably such Accounting Changes with the desired result that the criteria for evaluating the Borrower’s financial condition shall be the same after such Accounting Changes as if such Accounting Changes had not been made. Until such time as such an amendment shall have been executed and delivered by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders, all financial covenants, standards and terms in this Agreement shall continue to be calculated or construed as if such Accounting Changes had not occurred. “Accounting Changes” refers to changes in accounting principles required or permitted by the promulgation of any rule, regulation, pronouncement or opinion by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or, if applicable, the SEC.

 

Governmental or Regulatory Authority”: any nation or government, any state or other political subdivision thereof, any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative functions of

 

7



 

or pertaining to government, any securities exchange and any self-regulatory organization (including the NYSE, the Eurex US, the NASD and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners).

 

Group Members”: the collective reference to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.

 

Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”: the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement to be executed and delivered by the Borrower and each Guarantor, substantially in the form of Exhibit A.

 

Guarantee Obligation”: as to any Person (the “guaranteeing person”), any obligation, including a reimbursement, counterindemnity or similar obligation, of the guaranteeing Person that guarantees or in effect guarantees, or which is given to induce the creation of a separate obligation by another Person (including any bank under any letter of credit) that guarantees or in effect guarantees, any Indebtedness, leases, dividends or other obligations (the “primary obligations”) of any other third Person (the “primary obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, including any obligation of the guaranteeing person, whether or not contingent, (i) to purchase any such primary obligation or any property constituting direct or indirect security therefor, (ii) to advance or supply funds (1) for the purchase or payment of any such primary obligation or (2) to maintain working capital or equity capital of the primary obligor or otherwise to maintain the net worth or solvency of the primary obligor, (iii) to purchase property, securities or services primarily for the purpose of assuring the owner of any such primary obligation of the ability of the primary obligor to make payment of such primary obligation or (iv) otherwise to assure or hold harmless the owner of any such primary obligation against loss in respect thereof; provided, however, that the term Guarantee Obligation shall not include endorsements of instruments for deposit or collection in the ordinary course of business. The amount of any Guarantee Obligation of any guaranteeing person shall be deemed to be the lower of (a) an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the primary obligation in respect of which such Guarantee Obligation is made and (b) the maximum amount for which such guaranteeing person may be liable pursuant to the terms of the instrument embodying such Guarantee Obligation, unless such primary obligation and the maximum amount for which such guaranteeing person may be liable are not stated or determinable, in which case the amount of such Guarantee Obligation shall be such guaranteeing person’s maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined by the Borrower in good faith.

 

Guarantor”: each Subsidiary of the Borrower other than (a) any Foreign Subsidiary and (b) any Excluded Regulated Subsidiary.

 

IBG Notes”: notes of the Borrower which are customarily offered to customers of either the Borrower or its Subsidiaries.

 

Increasing Lender”: as defined in Section 2.17.

 

Indebtedness”: of any Person at any date, without duplication, (a) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money, (b) all obligations of such Person for the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than current trade payables incurred in the ordinary course of such Person’s business), (c) all obligations of such Person evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or other similar instruments, (d) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement with respect to property acquired by such Person (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or lender under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property), (e) all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person, (f) all obligations of such Person, contingent or otherwise, as an account party or applicant under or in respect of acceptances, letters of credit, surety bonds or similar arrangements, (g) the liquidation value of all mandatorily redeemable preferred Capital Stock of such Person (to the extent such Capital Stock is required to be redeemed prior to the date that is six months after the then scheduled termination of this Agreement), (h) all Guarantee Obligations of such

 

8



 

Person in respect of obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (g) above, (i) all obligations of the kind referred to in clauses (a) through (h) above secured by (or for which the holder of such obligation has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property (including accounts and contract rights) owned by such Person, whether or not such Person has assumed or become liable for the payment of such obligation, (j) for the purposes of Section 7(e) only, all obligations of such Person in respect of Swap Agreements and (k) for the purposes of Section 7(e) only, all obligations or liabilities of such Person arising from a Repo Transaction. The Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner) to the extent such Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person’s ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of such Indebtedness expressly provide that such Person is not liable therefor.

 

Indemnified Liabilities”: as defined in Section 9.5.

 

Indemnitee”: as defined in Section 9.5.

 

Insolvency”: with respect to any Multiemployer Plan, the condition that such Plan is insolvent within the meaning of Section 4245 of ERISA.

 

Insolvent”: pertaining to a condition of Insolvency.

 

Intellectual Property”: the collective reference to all rights, priorities and privileges relating to intellectual property, whether arising under United States, multinational or foreign laws or otherwise, including copyrights, copyright licenses, patents, patent licenses, trademarks, trademark licenses, technology, know-how and processes.

 

Interest Payment Date”: (a) as to any Fed Funds Loan, the last day of each calendar month to occur while such Loan is outstanding and the final maturity date of such Loan, (b) as to any Eurodollar Loan having an Interest Period of three months or less, the last day of such Interest Period, (c) as to any Eurodollar Loan having an Interest Period longer than three months, each day that is three months, or a whole multiple thereof, after the first day of such Interest Period and the last day of such Interest Period or (d) as to any Loan, the date of any repayment or prepayment made in respect thereof, except in the case of a partial prepayment of a Revolving Loan that is a Fed Funds Loan.

 

Interest Period”: as to any Eurodollar Loan, (a) initially, the period commencing on the borrowing or conversion date, as the case may be, with respect to such Eurodollar Loan and ending one, two, three or six (or, if agreed to by all Lenders, nine or twelve) months thereafter, as selected by the Borrower in its notice of borrowing or notice of conversion, as the case may be, given with respect thereto; and (b) thereafter, each period commencing on the last day of the next preceding Interest Period applicable to such Eurodollar Loan and ending one, two, three or six (or, if agreed to by all Lenders, nine or twelve) months thereafter, as selected by the Borrower by irrevocable notice to the Administrative Agent not later than 12:00 Noon, New York City time, on the date that is three Business Days prior to the last day of the then current Interest Period with respect thereto; provided that, all of the foregoing provisions relating to Interest Periods are subject to the following:

 

(i)                         if any Interest Period would otherwise end on a day that is not a Business Day, such Interest Period shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless the result of such extension would be to carry such Interest Period into another calendar month in which event such Interest Period shall end on the immediately preceding Business Day;

 

9



 

(ii)                      the Borrower may not select an Interest Period that would extend beyond the Maturity Date;

 

(iii)                   any Interest Period that begins on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of a calendar month; and

 

(iv)                  the Borrower shall select Interest Periods so as not to require a payment or prepayment of any Eurodollar Loan during an Interest Period for such Loan.

 

Investments”: as defined in Section 6.7.

 

Lenders”: as defined in the preamble hereto; provided, that unless the context otherwise requires, each reference herein to the Lenders shall be deemed to include any Conduit Lender.

 

Lien”: any mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, assignment, deposit arrangement encumbrance, lien (statutory or other), charge or other security interest or any preference, priority or other security agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement and any capital lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing).

 

Liquidity Ratio”: as defined in Section 6.1(c).

 

Loan”: any loan made by any Lender pursuant to this Agreement.

 

Loan Documents”: this Agreement, the Security Documents, the Notes and any amendment, waiver, supplement or other modification to any of the foregoing.

 

Loan Parties”: each Group Member that is a party to a Loan Document.

 

Material Adverse Effect”: a material adverse effect on (a) the business, property, operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole or (b) the validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or the rights or remedies of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders hereunder or thereunder.

 

Material Group Member”: the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary.

 

Material Subsidiary”: means any Subsidiary of the Borrower that, as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower, had assets or revenues (on a consolidated basis including its Subsidiaries) with a value in excess of 5.0% of the consolidated assets of the Borrower or 5.0% of the consolidated revenues of the Borrower; provided, that in the event Subsidiaries that would otherwise not be Material Subsidiaries shall in the aggregate account for a percentage in excess of 10.0% of the consolidated assets of the Borrower or 10.0% of the consolidated revenues of the Borrower as of the end of and for the most recently completed fiscal year, then one or more of such Subsidiaries as designated by the Borrower (or, if the Borrower shall make no designation, one or more of such Subsidiaries in descending order based on their respective contributions to the consolidated assets of the Borrower), shall be included as Material Subsidiaries to the extent necessary to eliminate such excess.

 

Materials of Environmental Concern”: any gasoline or petroleum (including crude oil or any fraction thereof) or petroleum products or any hazardous or toxic substances, materials or wastes,

 

10



 

defined or regulated as such in or under any Environmental Law, including asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls and urea-formaldehyde insulation.

 

Maturity Date”: May 19, 2010.

 

Moody’s”: Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

 

Multiemployer Plan”: a Plan that is a multiemployer plan as defined in Section 4001(a)(3)of ERISA.

 

NASD”: the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., or any other self-regulatory body which succeeds to the functions of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

 

Non-Excluded Taxes”: as defined in Section 2.13(a).

 

Non-U.S. Lender”: as defined in Section 2.13(d).

 

Notes”: the collective reference to any promissory note evidencing Loans.

 

NYSE”: the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Obligations”: the unpaid principal of and interest on (including interest accruing after the maturity of the Loans and interest accruing after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy, or the commencement of any insolvency, reorganization or like proceeding, relating to the Borrower, whether or not a claim for post-filing or post-petition interest is allowed in such proceeding) the Loans and all other obligations and liabilities of the Borrower to the Administrative Agent or to any Lender (or, in the case of Specified Swap Agreements and Banking Services Obligations, any Affiliate of any Lender), whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, or now existing or hereafter incurred, which may arise under this Agreement, any other Loan Document, any Specified Swap Agreement, any Banking Services Obligations or any other document made, delivered or given in connection herewith or therewith, whether on account of principal, interest, reimbursement obligations, fees, indemnities, costs, expenses (including all fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent or to any Lender that are required to be paid by the Borrower pursuant hereto) or otherwise.

 

Other Taxes”: any and all present or future stamp or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies arising from any payment made hereunder or from the execution, delivery or enforcement of, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement or any other Loan Document.

 

Participant”: as defined in Section 9.6(c).

 

PBGC”: the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation established pursuant to Subtitle A of Title IV of ERISA (or any successor).

 

Permitted Acquisition”: any acquisition of all or substantially all the assets of, or shares or other equity interests in, a Person or division or line of business of a Person that is in the same or similar line of business of (or primarily engages in the same or similar business activities as) the Borrower and that has been approved by such Person’s board of directors (or equivalent) if immediately after giving effect thereto: (a) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom, (b) any acquired or newly formed corporation, partnership, association or other business entity shall be a Wholly Owned Subsidiary, or a Domestic Subsidiary in which an Investment is

 

11



 

permitted (and to the extent permitted) pursuant to Section 6.7, and all actions required to be taken, if any, with respect to such acquired or newly formed Subsidiary under Section 5.8 shall have been taken and (c) the Borrower and the Subsidiaries shall be in compliance, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to such acquisition, with the covenants contained in Section 6.1 recomputed as at the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower and the Subsidiaries as if such acquisition and related financings or other transactions had occurred on the first day of each relevant period for testing such compliance.

 

Permitted Holders”: (i) Thomas Peterffy; any children and/or any grandchildren (in each case, natural or adopted); any trust or similar entity for the benefit, to the extent of at least 99%, of Thomas Peterffy or the benefit of any children or any grandchildren (in each case, natural or adopted); and/or any corporation or partnership in which the direct and beneficial owner of at least 99% of the equity interest consists of Thomas Peterffy, any children and/or any grandchildren (in each case, natural or adopted) or (ii) upon his death, incompetency or disability for purposes of the protection and management of his assets, Thomas Peterffy’s heirs, executors, administrators and/or personal representatives.

 

Person”: an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, business trust, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated association, joint venture, Governmental or Regulatory Authority or other entity of whatever nature.

 

Plan”: at a particular time, any employee benefit plan that is covered by ERISA and in respect of which the Borrower or a Commonly Controlled Entity is (or, if such plan were terminated at such time, would under Section 4069 of ERISA be deemed to be) an “employer” as defined in Section 3(5) of ERISA.

 

Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement”: the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement to be executed and delivered by the Borrower and each Guarantor, substantially in the form of Exhibit B.

 

Pricing Grid”: the table set forth below.

 

Moody’s/S&P Rating

 

Facility Fee

 

Applicable Margin
for Eurodollar Loans

 

Applicable Margin
for Fed Funds Loans

 

Applicable Margin
for ABR Loans

 

Baa2/BBB or higher

 

0.125

%

0.50

%

0.65

%

0.00

%

Baa3/BBB-

 

0.15

%

0.60

%

0.75

%

0.00

%

Bal/BB+

 

0.20

%

0.80

%

0.95

%

0.00

%

Ba2/BB or lower

 

0.25

%

1.25

%

1.40

%

0.25

%

 

In the event that only one of Moody’s or S&P has issued a counterparty credit rating for the Borrower, the facility fee and the Applicable Margin shall correspond to such rating level. In the event that both Moody’s and S&P have issued a counterparty credit rating for the Borrower and such ratings are at different levels on the pricing grid, (i) the higher level shall be used if the two ratings are only one level apart and (ii) the level immediately below the higher level shall be used if the two ratings are two or more levels apart. At any time when neither Moody’s nor S&P have issued a counterparty credit rating of the Borrower, it shall be assumed for pricing grid purposes that the Borrower is rated Ba2/BB. Changes in the Applicable Margin and facility fee resulting from changes in the unsecured debt

 

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rating by Moody’s or S&P shall become effective on the business day following the announcement of such new rating.

 

Principal Subsidiary”: each Subsidiary set forth on Schedule 1.1C and any other Subsidiary the shareholders’ equity of which represents more than 5.0% of Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity.

 

Properties”: as defined in Section 3.16(a).

 

Register”: as defined in Section 9.6(b).

 

Regulation U”: Regulation U of the Board as in effect from time to time.

 

Regulatory Capital”: the capital of any Broker-Dealer Subsidiary which is used by such Broker-Dealer Subsidiary for the purposes of complying with applicable domestic or foreign regulatory capital requirements.

 

Reorganization”: with respect to any Multiemployer Plan, the condition that such plan is in reorganization within the meaning of Section 4241 of ERISA.

 

Repo Transaction”: any of the following: repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, sell buy backs and buy sell backs agreements, securities lending and borrowing agreements and any other agreement or transaction similar to those referred to above in this definition.

 

Reportable Event”: any of the events set forth in Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than those events as to which the thirty day notice period is waived under subsections .27, .28, .29, .30, .31, .32, .34 or .35 of PBGC Reg. § 4043.

 

Required Lenders”: at any time, the holders of more than 66 2/3% of the Total Revolving Commitments then in effect or, if the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit then outstanding.

 

Requirement of Law”: as to any Person, any law, treaty, rule or regulation or determination of an arbitrator or a court or other Governmental or Regulatory Authority, in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or any of its property or to which such Person or any of its property is subject.

 

Responsible Officer”: the chief executive officer, president or chief financial officer of the Borrower, but in any event, with respect to financial matters, the chief financial officer, treasurer, controller or principal accounting officer of the Borrower.

 

Restricted Payments”: as defined in Section 6.6.

 

Revolving Commitment”: as to any Lender, the obligation of such Lender, if any, to make Revolving Loans in an aggregate principal and/or face amount not to exceed the amount set forth under the heading “Revolving Commitment” opposite such Lender’s name on Schedule 1.1A or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender became a party hereto, as the same may be changed from time to time pursuant to the terms hereof. The original amount of the Total Revolving Commitments is $300.0 million.

 

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Revolving Commitment Period”: the period from and including the Closing Date to the Commitment Termination Date.

 

Revolving Extensions of Credit”: as to any Lender at any time, an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of all Revolving Loans held by such Lender then outstanding.

 

Revolving Loans”: as defined in Section 2.1(a).

 

Revolving Percentage”: as to any Lender at any time, the percentage which such Lender’s Revolving Commitment then constitutes of the Total Revolving Commitments or, at any time after the Revolving Commitments shall have expired or terminated, the percentage which the aggregate principal amount of such Lender’s Revolving Loans then outstanding constitutes of the aggregate principal amount of the Revolving Loans then outstanding, provided, that, in the event that the Revolving Loans are paid in full prior to the reduction to zero of the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit, the Revolving Percentages shall be determined in a manner designed to ensure that the other outstanding Revolving Extensions of Credit shall be held by the Lenders on a comparable basis.

 

S&P”: Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service.

 

SEC”: the Securities and Exchange Commission, any successor thereto and any analogous Governmental or Regulatory Authority.

 

Secured Parties”: as defined in the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement.

 

Security Documents”: the collective reference to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement and all other security documents hereafter delivered to the Administrative Agent granting a Lien on any property of any Person to secure the obligations and liabilities of any Loan Party under any Loan Document.

 

Single Employer Plan”: any Plan that is covered by Title IV of ERISA, but that is not a Multiemployer Plan.

 

Specified Swap Agreement”: any Swap Agreement entered into by the Borrower and any Lender or Affiliate thereof in respect of interest rates.

 

Subordinated Indebtedness”: Indebtedness of the Borrower that is subordinated in right of payment to the Obligations, provided, that such Indebtedness has (a) no maturity, amortization, mandatory redemption or repurchase option or sinking fund payment prior to the date that is six months after the Maturity Date, (b) customary subordination provisions as shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and (c) no financial maintenance or performance covenants, unless such Indebtedness shall also have standstill provisions as shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.

 

Subsidiary”: as to any Person, a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity of which shares of stock or other ownership interests having ordinary voting power (other than stock or such other ownership interests having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) to elect a majority of the board of directors or other managers of such corporation, partnership or other entity are at the time owned, or the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person. Unless otherwise qualified, all references to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” in this Agreement shall refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Borrower.

 

14



 

Successor Company”: as defined in Section 6.4(a).

 

Swap Agreement”: any agreement with respect to any swap, forward, future or derivative transaction or option or similar agreement involving, or settled by reference to, one or more rates, currencies, commodities, equity or debt instruments or securities, or economic, financial or pricing indices or measures of economic, financial or pricing risk or value or any similar transaction or any combination of these transactions; provided that no phantom stock or similar plan providing for payments only on account of services provided by current or former directors, officers, employees or consultants of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries shall be a “Swap Agreement”.

 

Syndication Agent”: Harris N.A., together with its affiliates, as the joint lead arranger of the Revolving Commitments and as the syndication agent for the Lenders under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, together with any of its successors.

 

Total Revolving Commitments”: at any time, the aggregate amount of the Revolving Commitments then in effect.

 

Total Revolving Extensions of Credit”: at any time, the aggregate amount of the Revolving Extensions of Credit of the Lenders outstanding at such time.

 

Total Revolving Loans”: at any time, the aggregate amount of the Revolving Loans of the Lenders outstanding at such time.

 

Transferee”: any Assignee or Participant.

 

Type”: as to any Loan, its nature as a Fed Funds Loan, an ABR Loan or a Eurodollar Loan.

 

United States”: the United States of America.

 

Voting Interests”: with respect to any Person, Equity Interests of any class or kind ordinarily having the power to vote for the election of, or to appoint, the managing member or analogous Person, or directors, managers or other voting members of the governing or managing body of, such Person.

 

Wholly Owned Subsidiary”: as to any Person, any other Person at least 99% of the Capital Stock of which (other than directors’ qualifying shares required by law) is owned by such Person directly and/or through other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries.

 

Wholly Owned Guarantor”: any Guarantor that is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower.

 

1.2                     Other Definitional Provisions. (a) Unless otherwise specified therein, all terms defined in this Agreement shall have the defined meanings when used in the other Loan Documents or any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto.

 

(b) As used herein and in the other Loan Documents, and any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto, (i) accounting terms relating to any Group Member not defined in Section 1.1 and accounting terms partly defined in Section 1.1, to the extent not defined, shall have the respective meanings given to them under GAAP, (ii) the words “include”, “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation”, (iii) the

 

15



 

word “incur” shall be construed to mean incur, create, issue, assume, become liable in respect of or suffer to exist (and the words “incurred” and “incurrence” shall have correlative meanings), (iv) the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, Capital Stock, securities, revenues, accounts, leasehold interests and contract rights, and (v) references to agreements or other Contractual Obligations shall, unless otherwise specified, be deemed to refer to such agreements or Contractual Obligations as amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

(c) The words “hereof, “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import, when used in this Agreement, shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, and Section, Schedule and Exhibit references are to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.

 

(d) The meanings given to terms defined herein shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of such terms.

 

SECTION 2. AMOUNT AND TERMS OF COMMITMENTS

 

2.1                     Revolving Commitments. (a) Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, each Lender severally agrees to make revolving credit loans (the “Revolving Loans”) to the Borrower from time to time during the Revolving Commitment Period in an aggregate principal amount at any one time outstanding which does not exceed the amount of such Lender’s Revolving Commitment; provided, that such Revolving Loans shall not be due and payable until the Maturity Date. During the Revolving Commitment Period, the Borrower may use the Revolving Commitments by borrowing, prepaying the Revolving Loans in whole or in part, and reborrowing, all in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof. The Revolving Loans may from time to time be Eurodollar Loans or Fed Funds Loans, as determined by the Borrower and notified to the Administrative Agent in accordance with Sections 2.2 and 2.5.

 

(b) The Borrower shall repay all outstanding Revolving Loans on the Maturity Date. On the Commitment Termination Date, the Borrower agrees to pay a fee to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Lenders, in an amount equal to the product of (x) 0.25% and (y) the principal amount of the Revolving Loans outstanding on the Commitment Termination Date.

 

2.2                     Procedure for Revolving Loan Borrowing. The Borrower may borrow under the Revolving Commitments during the Revolving Commitment Period on any Business Day, provided that the Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent irrevocable notice (which notice must be received by the Administrative Agent prior to 2:00 P.M., New York City time, (a) three Business Days prior to the requested Borrowing Date, in the case of Eurodollar Loans, or (b) on the requested Borrowing Date, in the case of Fed Funds Loans), specifying (i) the amount and Type of Revolving Loans to be borrowed, (ii) the requested Borrowing Date and (iii) in the case of Eurodollar Loans, the respective amounts of each such Type of Loan and the respective lengths of the initial Interest Period therefor. Each borrowing under the Revolving Commitments shall be in an amount equal to (x) in the case of Fed Funds Loan, $1.0 million or a whole multiple thereof (or, if the then aggregate Available Revolving Commitments are less than $1.0 million, such lesser amount) and (y) in the case of Eurodollar Loans, $5.0 million or a whole multiple of $1.0 million in excess thereof. Upon receipt of any such notice from the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Lender thereof. Each Lender will make the amount of its pro rata share of each borrowing available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Borrower at the Funding Office prior to (a) 12:00 Noon, New York City time, in the case of Eurodollar Loans, or (b) 2:00 P.M., New York City time, in the case of Fed Funds Loans, on the Borrowing Date requested by the Borrower in funds immediately available to the Administrative Agent. Such borrowing will then be

 

16



 

made available to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent crediting the account of the Borrower on the books of such office with the aggregate of the amounts made available to the Administrative Agent by the Lenders and in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent.

 

2.3                     Facility Fees, etc. (a) The Borrower agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender a facility fee for the period from and including the date hereof to the Maturity Date, computed at the Facility Fee Rate on the amount of the Revolving Commitment of such Lender during the period for which payment is made, payable quarterly in arrears on each Fee Payment Date, commencing on the first such date to occur after the date hereof; provided, that on and after the Commitment Termination Date, the facility fee shall be payable on the amount of the outstanding Loans of such Lender and shall be payable on demand.

 

(b) The Borrower agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent the fees in the amounts and on the dates as set forth in any fee agreements with the Administrative Agent and to perform any other obligations contained therein.

 

2.4                     Termination or Reduction of Revolving Commitments. The Borrower shall have the right, upon not less than three Business Days’ notice to the Administrative Agent, to terminate the Revolving Commitments or, from time to time, to reduce the amount of the Revolving Commitments; provided that no such termination or reduction of Revolving Commitments shall be permitted if, after giving effect thereto and to any prepayments of the Revolving Loans made on the effective date thereof, the Total Revolving Extensions of Credit would exceed the Total Revolving Commitments. Any such reduction shall be in an amount equal to $1.0 million, or a whole multiple thereof, and shall reduce permanently the Revolving Commitments then in effect.

 

2.5                     Optional Prepayments. The Borrower may at any time and from time to time prepay the Loans, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, upon irrevocable notice delivered to the Administrative Agent no later than 12:00 Noon, New York City time, three Business Days prior thereto, in the case of Eurodollar Loans, and no later than 12:00 Noon, New York City time, one Business Day prior thereto, in the case of Fed Funds Loans, which notice shall specify the date and amount of prepayment and whether the prepayment is of Eurodollar Loans or Fed Funds Loans; provided, that if a Eurodollar Loan is prepaid on any day other than the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, the Borrower shall also pay any amounts owing pursuant to Section 2.14. Upon receipt of any such notice the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof. If any such notice is given, the amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date specified therein, together with (except in the case of Revolving Loans that are Fed Funds Loans) accrued interest to such date on the amount prepaid. Partial prepayments of Revolving Loans shall be in an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 million or a whole multiple thereof.

 

2.6                     Conversion and Continuation Options. (a) The Borrower may elect from time to time to convert Eurodollar Loans to Fed Funds Loans by giving the Administrative Agent prior irrevocable notice of such election no later than 11:00 A.M., New York City time, on the Business Day preceding the proposed conversion date, provided that any such conversion of Eurodollar Loans may only be made on the last day of an Interest Period with respect thereto. The Borrower may elect from time to time to convert Fed Funds Loans to Eurodollar Loans by giving the Administrative Agent prior irrevocable notice of such election no later than 12:00 Noon, New York City time, on the third Business Day preceding the proposed conversion date (which notice shall specify the length of the initial Interest Period therefor), provided that no Fed Funds Loan may be converted into a Eurodollar Loan when any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders have determined in its or their sole discretion not to permit such conversions. Upon receipt of any such notice the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof.

 

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(b) Any Eurodollar Loan may be continued as such upon the expiration of the then current Interest Period with respect thereto by the Borrower giving irrevocable notice to the Administrative Agent, in accordance with the applicable provisions of the term “Interest Period” set forth in Section 1.1, of the length of the next Interest Period to be applicable to such Loans, provided that no Eurodollar Loan may be continued as such when any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Administrative Agent has or the Required Lenders have determined in its or their sole discretion not to permit such continuations, and provided, further, that if the Borrower shall fail to give any required notice as described above in this paragraph or if such continuation is not permitted pursuant to the preceding proviso such Loans shall be automatically converted to Fed Funds Loans on the last day of such then expiring Interest Period. Upon receipt of any such notice the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each relevant Lender thereof.

 

2.7                     Limitations on Eurodollar Tranches. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, all borrowings, conversions and continuations of Eurodollar Loans and all selections of Interest Periods shall be in such amounts and be made pursuant to such elections so that, (a) after giving effect thereto, the aggregate principal amount of the Eurodollar Loans comprising each Eurodollar Tranche shall be equal to $5.0 million or a whole multiple of $1.0 million in excess thereof and (b) no more than ten Eurodollar Tranches shall be outstanding at any one time.

 

2.8                     Interest Rates and Payment Dates. (a) Each Eurodollar Loan shall bear interest for each day during each Interest Period with respect thereto at a rate per annum equal to the Eurodollar Rate determined for such day plus the Applicable Margin.

 

(b) Each Fed Funds Loan shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Fed Funds Rate plus the Applicable Margin.

 

(c) (i) If all or a portion of the principal amount of any Loan shall not be paid when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), all outstanding Loans (whether or not overdue) shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate that would otherwise be applicable thereto pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section plus 2% and (ii) if all or a portion of any interest payable on any Loan or any facility fee or other amount payable hereunder shall not be paid when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), such overdue amount shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate then applicable to ABR Loans plus 2%, in each case, with respect to clauses (i) and (ii) above, from the date of such non-payment until such amount is paid in full (as well after as before judgment).

 

(d) Interest shall be payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date, provided that interest accruing pursuant to paragraph (c) of this Section shall be payable from time to time on demand.

 

2.9                     Computation of Interest and Fees. (a) Interest and fees payable pursuant hereto shall be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year for the actual days elapsed, except that, with respect to ABR Loans the rate of interest on which is calculated on the basis of the Prime Rate, the interest thereon shall be calculated on the basis of a 365- (or 366-, as the case may be) day year for the actual days elapsed. The Administrative Agent shall as soon as practicable notify the Borrower and the relevant Lenders of each determination of a Eurodollar Rate. Any change in the interest rate on a Loan resulting from a change in the Federal Funds Rate, the ABR or the Eurocurrency Reserve Requirements shall become effective as of the opening of business on the day on which such change becomes effective. The Administrative Agent shall as soon as practicable notify the Borrower and the relevant Lenders of the effective date and the amount of each such change in interest rate.

 

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(b) Each determination of an interest rate by the Administrative Agent pursuant to any provision of this Agreement shall be conclusive and binding on the Borrower and the Lenders in the absence of manifest error. The Administrative Agent shall, at the request of the Borrower, deliver to the Borrower a statement showing the quotations used by the Administrative Agent in determining any interest rate pursuant to Section 2.8(a).

 

2.10               Inability to Determine Interest Rate. If prior to the first day of any Interest Period:

 

(a) the Administrative Agent shall have determined (which determination shall be conclusive and binding upon the Borrower) that, by reason of circumstances affecting the relevant market, adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the Eurodollar Rate for such Interest Period, or

 

(b) the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from the Required Lenders that the Eurodollar Rate determined or to be determined for such Interest Period will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders (as conclusively certified by such Lenders) of making or maintaining their affected Loans during such Interest Period,

 

the Administrative Agent shall give telecopy or telephonic notice thereof to the Borrower and the relevant Lenders as soon as practicable thereafter. If such notice is given (x) any Eurodollar Loans requested to be made on the first day of such Interest Period shall be made as Fed Funds Loans, (y) any Loans that were to have been converted on the first day of such Interest Period to Eurodollar Loans shall be continued as Fed Funds Loans and (z) any outstanding Eurodollar Loans shall be converted, on the last day of the then-current Interest Period, to Fed Funds Loans. Until such notice has been withdrawn by the Administrative Agent (which the Administrative Agent agrees to do upon the cessation of the events giving rise to such notice), no further Eurodollar Loans shall be made or continued as such, nor shall the Borrower have the right to convert Loans to Eurodollar Loans.

 

2.11               Pro Rata Treatment and Payments. (a) Each borrowing by the Borrower from the Lenders hereunder, each payment by the Borrower on account of any facility fee and any reduction of the Revolving Commitments of the Lenders shall be made pro rata according to the respective Revolving Percentages of the Lenders at the time thereof.

 

(b) Each payment (including each prepayment) by the Borrower on account of principal of and interest on the Revolving Loans shall be made pro rata according to the respective outstanding principal amounts of the Revolving Loans then held by the Lenders.

 

(c) All payments (including prepayments) to be made by the Borrower hereunder, whether on account of principal, interest, fees or otherwise, shall be made without setoff or counterclaim and shall be made prior to 12:00 Noon, New York City time, on the due date thereof to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Lenders, at the Funding Office, in Dollars and in immediately available funds. The Administrative Agent shall distribute such payments to the Lenders promptly upon receipt in like funds as received. If any payment hereunder (other than payments on the Eurodollar Loans) becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, such payment shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day. If any payment on a Eurodollar Loan becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, the maturity thereof shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless the result of such extension would be to extend such payment into another calendar month, in which event such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day. In the case of any extension of any payment of principal pursuant to the preceding two sentences, interest thereon shall be payable at the then applicable rate during such extension.

 

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(d) Unless the Administrative Agent shall have been notified in writing by any Lender prior to a borrowing that such Lender will not make the amount that would constitute its share of such borrowing available to the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender is making such amount available to the Administrative Agent, and the Administrative Agent may, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount. If such amount is not made available to the Administrative Agent by the required time on the Borrowing Date therefor, such Lender shall pay to the Administrative Agent, on demand, such amount with interest thereon, at a rate equal to the greater of (i) the Federal Funds Effective Rate and (ii) a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation, for the period until such Lender makes such amount immediately available to the Administrative Agent. A certificate of the Administrative Agent submitted to any Lender with respect to any amounts owing under this paragraph shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. If such Lender’s share of such borrowing is not made available to the Administrative Agent by such Lender within three Business Days after such Borrowing Date, the Administrative Agent shall also be entitled to recover such amount at the rate per annum equal to the then applicable rate on Fed Funds Loans, on demand, from the Borrower.

 

(e) Unless the Administrative Agent shall have been notified in writing by the Borrower prior to the date of any payment due to be made by the Borrower hereunder that the Borrower will not make such payment to the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrower is making such payment, and the Administrative Agent may, but shall not be required to, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Lenders their respective pro rata shares of a corresponding amount. If such payment is not made to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower within three Business Days after such due date, the Administrative Agent shall be entitled to recover, on demand, from each Lender to which any amount which was made available pursuant to the preceding sentence, such amount with interest thereon at the rate per annum equal to the daily average Federal Funds Effective Rate. Nothing herein shall be deemed to limit the rights of the Administrative Agent or any Lender against the Borrower.

 

2.12.            Requirements of Law. (a) If the adoption of or any change in any Requirement of Law or in the interpretation or application thereof or compliance by any Lender with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any central bank or other Governmental or Regulatory Authority made subsequent to the date hereof:

 

(i) shall subject any Lender to any tax of any kind whatsoever with respect to this Agreement or any Eurodollar Loan made by it, or change the basis of taxation of payments to such Lender in respect thereof (except for Non-Excluded Taxes covered by Section 2.13 and changes in the rate of tax on the overall net income of such Lender);

 

(ii) shall impose, modify or hold applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan or similar requirement against assets held by, deposits or other liabilities in or for the account of, advances, loans or other extensions of credit by, or any other acquisition of funds by, any office of such Lender that is not otherwise included in the determination of the Eurodollar Rate; or

 

(iii) shall impose on such Lender any other condition affecting this Agreement or any Eurodollar Loans made by it;

 

and the result of any of the foregoing is to increase the cost to such Lender, by an amount that such Lender deems to be material, of making, converting into, continuing or maintaining Eurodollar Loans, or to reduce any amount receivable hereunder in respect thereof, then, in any such case, the Borrower shall promptly pay such Lender, within five Business Days after demand therefor, any additional amounts

 

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necessary to compensate such Lender for such increased cost or reduced amount receivable. If any Lender becomes entitled to claim any additional amounts pursuant to this paragraph, it shall promptly notify the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of the event by reason of which it has become so entitled.

 

(b) If any Lender shall have determined that the adoption of or any change in any Requirement of Law regarding capital adequacy or in the interpretation or application thereof or compliance by such Lender or any corporation controlling such Lender with any request or directive regarding capital adequacy (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental or Regulatory Authority made subsequent to the date hereof shall have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s or such corporation’s capital as a consequence of its obligations hereunder to a level below that which such Lender or such corporation could have achieved but for such adoption, change or compliance (taking into consideration such Lender’s or such corporation’s policies with respect to capital adequacy) by an amount deemed by such Lender to be material, then from time to time, after submission by such Lender to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of a written request therefor, the Borrower shall pay to such Lender, within five Business Days after demand therefor, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such corporation for such reduction.

 

(c) A certificate as to any additional amounts payable pursuant to this Section, setting forth the relevant calculations in reasonable detail, submitted by any Lender to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) shall accompany the Lender’s written request described in clause (b) above, and shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section, the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender pursuant to this Section for any amounts incurred more than six months prior to the date that such Lender notifies the Borrower of such Lender’s intention to claim compensation therefor; provided that, if the circumstances giving rise to such claim have a retroactive effect, then such six-month period shall be extended to include the period of such retroactive effect. The obligations of the Borrower pursuant to this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.

 

2.13.            Taxes. (a) All payments made by the Borrower under this Agreement shall be made free and clear of, and without deduction or withholding for or on account of, any present or future income, stamp or other taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions or withholdings, now or hereafter imposed, levied, collected, withheld or assessed by any Governmental or Regulatory Authority, excluding net income taxes and franchise taxes (imposed in lieu of net income taxes) imposed on the Administrative Agent or any Lender as a result of a present or former connection between the Administrative Agent or such Lender and the jurisdiction of the Governmental or Regulatory Authority imposing such tax or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein (other than any such connection arising solely from the Administrative Agent or such Lender having executed, delivered or performed its obligations or received a payment under, or enforced, this Agreement or any other Loan Document). If any such non-excluded taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions or withholdings (“Non-Excluded Taxes”) or Other Taxes are required to be withheld from any amounts payable to the Administrative Agent or any Lender hereunder, the amounts so payable to the Administrative Agent or such Lender shall be increased to the extent necessary to yield to the Administrative Agent or such Lender (after payment of all Non-Excluded Taxes and Other Taxes) interest or any such other amounts payable hereunder at the rates or in the amounts specified in this Agreement, provided, however, that the Borrower shall not be required to increase any such amounts payable to any Lender with respect to any Non-Excluded Taxes (i) that are attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the requirements of paragraph (d) or (e) of this Section or (ii) that are United States withholding taxes imposed on amounts payable to such Lender at the time such Lender becomes a party to this Agreement, except to the extent that such Lender’s assignor (if any) was entitled, at the time of

 

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assignment, to receive additional amounts from the Borrower with respect to such Non-Excluded Taxes pursuant to this paragraph.

 

(b) In addition, the Borrower shall pay any Other Taxes to the relevant Governmental or Regulatory Authority in accordance with applicable law.

 

(c) Whenever any Non-Excluded Taxes or Other Taxes are payable by the Borrower, as promptly as possible thereafter the Borrower shall send to the Administrative Agent for its own account or for the account of the relevant Lender, as the case may be, a certified copy of an original official receipt received by the Borrower showing payment thereof. If the Borrower fails to pay any Non-Excluded Taxes or Other Taxes when due to the appropriate taxing authority (and after having had the ability to contest in good faith the payment of such taxes) or fails to remit to the Administrative Agent the required receipts or other required documentary evidence, the Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent and the Lenders for any incremental taxes, interest or penalties that may become payable by the Administrative Agent or any Lender as a result of any such failure.

 

(d) Each Lender (or Transferee) that is not a “U.S. Person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code (a “Non-U.S. Lender”) shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (or, in the case of a Participant, to the Lender from which the related participation shall have been purchased) two copies of either U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN or Form W-8ECI, or, in the case of a Non-U.S. Lender claiming exemption from U.S. federal withholding tax under Section 871(h) or 881(c) of the Code with respect to payments of “portfolio interest”, a statement substantially in the form of Exhibit G and a Form W-8BEN, or any subsequent versions thereof or successors thereto, properly completed and duly executed by such Non-U.S. Lender claiming complete exemption from, or a reduced rate of, U.S. federal withholding tax on all payments by the Borrower under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents. Such forms shall be delivered by each Non-U.S. Lender on or before the date it becomes a party to this Agreement (or, in the case of any Participant, on or before the date such Participant purchases the related participation). In addition, each Non-U.S. Lender shall deliver such forms promptly upon the obsolescence or invalidity of any form previously delivered by such Non-U.S. Lender. Each Non-U.S. Lender shall promptly notify the Borrower at any time it determines that it is no longer in a position to provide any previously delivered certificate to the Borrower (or any other form of certification adopted by the U.S. taxing authorities for such purpose). Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, a Non-U.S. Lender shall not be required to deliver any form pursuant to this paragraph that such Non-U.S. Lender is not legally able to deliver.

 

(e) A Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of non-U.S. withholding tax under the law of the jurisdiction in which the Borrower is located, or any treaty to which such jurisdiction is a party, with respect to payments under this Agreement shall deliver to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), at the time or times prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Borrower, such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable law as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate, provided that such Lender is legally entitled to complete, execute and deliver such documentation and in such Lender’s judgment such completion, execution or submission would not materially prejudice the legal position of such Lender.

 

(f) If the Administrative Agent or any Lender determines in its reasonable judgment that it has received a refund of any Non-Excluded Taxes or Other Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by the Borrower or with respect to which the Borrower has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section 2.13, it shall pay over such refund to the Borrower (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by the Borrower under this Section 2.13 with respect to the Non-Excluded Taxes or Other Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses of the

 

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Administrative Agent or such Lender and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental or Regulatory Authority with respect to such refund); provided, that the Borrower, upon the request of the Administrative Agent or such Lender, agrees to repay the amount paid over to the Borrower (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental or Regulatory Authority) to the Administrative Agent or such Lender in the event the Administrative Agent or such Lender is required to repay such refund to such Governmental or Regulatory Authority. This paragraph shall not be construed to require the Administrative Agent or any Lender to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its taxes which it deems confidential) to the Borrower or any other Person.

 

(g) The agreements in this Section shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.

 

2.14               Indemnity. The Borrower agrees to indemnify each Lender for, and to hold each Lender harmless from, any loss or expense that such Lender may sustain or incur as a consequence of (a) default by the Borrower in making a borrowing of, conversion into or continuation of Eurodollar Loans after the Borrower has given a notice requesting the same in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, (b) default by the Borrower in making any prepayment of or conversion from Eurodollar Loans after the Borrower has given a notice thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement or (c) the making of a prepayment of Eurodollar Loans on a day that is not the last day of an Interest Period with respect thereto. Such indemnification may include an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (i) the amount of interest that would have accrued on the amount so prepaid, or not so borrowed, converted or continued, for the period from the date of such prepayment or of such failure to borrow, convert or continue to the last day of such Interest Period (or, in the case of a failure to borrow, convert or continue, the Interest Period that would have commenced on the date of such failure) in each case at the applicable rate of interest for such Loans provided for herein (excluding, however, the Applicable Margin included therein, if any) over (ii) the amount of interest (as reasonably determined by such Lender) that would have accrued to such Lender on such amount by placing such amount on deposit for a comparable period with leading banks in the interbank eurodollar market. A certificate as to any amounts payable pursuant to this Section submitted to the Borrower by any Lender shall be conclusive in the absence of manifest error. This covenant shall not survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder unless a certificate as to any amounts payable pursuant to this Section shall be submitted to the Borrower by the relevant Lender within 30 days of the termination hereof.

 

2.15               Change of Lending Office. Each Lender agrees that, upon the occurrence of any event giving rise to the operation of Section 2.12 or 2.13(a) with respect to such Lender, it will, if requested by the Borrower, use reasonable efforts (subject to overall policy considerations of such Lender) to designate another lending office for any Loans affected by such event with the object of avoiding the consequences of such event; provided, that such designation is made on terms that, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, cause such Lender and its lending office(s) to suffer no economic, legal or regulatory disadvantage, and provided, further, that nothing in this Section shall affect or postpone any of the obligations of the Borrower or the rights of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.12 or 2.13(a).

 

2.16               Replacement of Lenders. The Borrower shall be permitted to replace any Lender that (a) requests reimbursement for amounts owing pursuant to Section 2.12 or 2.13(a), (b) defaults in its obligation to make Loans hereunder or (c) does not continue to fund or make any Eurodollar Loan pursuant to Section 2.10, in each case with a replacement financial institution; provided that (i) such replacement does not conflict with any Requirement of Law, (ii) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such replacement, (iii) prior to any such replacement, such Lender shall

 

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have taken no action under Section 2.15 that eliminates the continued need for payment of amounts owing pursuant to Section 2.12 or 2.13(a), (iv) the replacement financial institution shall purchase, at par, all Loans and other amounts owing to such replaced Lender on or prior to the date of replacement, (v) the Borrower shall be liable to such replaced Lender under Section 2.14 if any Eurodollar Loan owing to such replaced Lender shall be purchased other than on the last day of the Interest Period relating thereto, (vi) the replacement financial institution shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent (whose consent to such replacement financial institution shall not be unreasonably withheld), (vii) the replaced Lender shall be obligated to make such replacement in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.6, (viii) until such time as such replacement shall be consummated, the Borrower shall pay all additional amounts (if any) required pursuant to Section 2.12 or 2.13(a), as the case may be, and (ix) any such replacement shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any rights that the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or any other Lender shall have against the replaced Lender.

 

2.17               Increase in Revolving Commitments. The Borrower may, at any time by notice to the Administrative Agent, propose an increase in the Revolving Commitments (each such proposed increase being a “Commitment Increase”) either by having a Lender increase its Revolving Commitment then in effect (each an “Increasing Lender”) or by adding as a Lender with a new Revolving Commitment which is not then a Lender hereunder (each an “Assuming Lender”) (with, in the case of any Commitment Increase provided by an Assuming Lender, the approval of the Administrative Agent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), which notice shall specify the name of each Increasing Lender and/or Assuming Lender, as applicable, the amount of the Commitment Increase and the portion thereof being assumed by each such Increasing Lender or Assuming Lender, and the date on which such Commitment Increase is to be effective (the “Commitment Increase Date”) (which shall be a Business Day at least three Business Days after delivery of such notice and 30 days prior to the Commitment Termination Date); provided, that:

 

(a) immediately after giving effect to any Commitment Increase, the Total Revolving Commitments hereunder shall not exceed $500.0 million;

 

(b) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the relevant Commitment Increase Date or shall result from any Commitment Increase;

 

(c) the Administrative Agent shall have received (i) a copy of the resolutions, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, of the managing members of the Borrower authorizing the borrowings contemplated pursuant to such increase, certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Borrower and (ii) from any Assuming Lender, any administrative information reasonably requested from the Administrative Agent; and

 

(d) the representations and warranties contained in Section 3, and in each of the other Loan Documents, are complete and correct in all material respects, as if made on and as of such date (or, if any such representation or warranty is expressly stated to have been made as of a specific date, as of such specific date).

 

Each Commitment Increase (and the increase of the Revolving Commitment of each Increasing Lender and/or the new Revolving Commitment of each Assuming Lender, as applicable, resulting therefrom) shall become effective as of the relevant Commitment Increase Date upon receipt by the Administrative Agent, on or prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on such Commitment Increase Date, of (A) a certificate of a duly authorized officer of the Borrower stating that the conditions with respect to such Commitment Increase under this Section 2.17 have been satisfied and (B) an agreement, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, pursuant to which, effective as of such Commitment Increase Date, the Revolving Commitment of each such Increasing

 

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Lender shall be increased and/or each such Assuming Lender shall undertake a Revolving Commitment, duly executed by such Increasing Lender or Assuming Lender, as the case may be, and the Borrower and acknowledged by each Person for whom consent is required. Upon the Administrative Agent’s receipt of a fully executed agreement from each Increasing Lender and/or Assuming Lender referred to in clause (B) above, together with the certificate referred to in clause (A) above, the Administrative Agent shall record the information contained in each such agreement in the Register and give prompt notice of the relevant Commitment Increase to the Borrower and the Lenders (including, if applicable, each Assuming Lender). On each Commitment Increase Date, in the event Revolving Loans are then outstanding and unless it is decided to use a separate mechanism as agreed to by the Administrative Agent, (i) each relevant Increasing Lender and Assuming Lender shall make available to the Administrative Agent such amounts in immediately available funds as such Administrative Agent shall determine, for the benefit of the other relevant Lenders, as being required in order to cause, after giving effect to such increase and the application of such amounts to make payments to such other relevant Lenders, the Revolving Loans to be held ratably by all Lenders in accordance with their respective Revolving Commitments, (ii) the Borrower shall be deemed to have prepaid and reborrowed all outstanding Revolving Loans as of such Commitment Increase Date (with such borrowing to consist of the Revolving Loans, with related Interest Periods if applicable, specified in a notice delivered by the Borrower in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.2) and (iii) the Borrower shall pay to each Lender receiving a prepayment the amounts, if any, payable under Section 2.14 as a result of such prepayment.

 

SECTION 3. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

To induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into this Agreement and to make the Loans, the Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each Lender that:

 

3.1                     Financial Condition. The audited consolidated balance sheets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and the audited consolidated balance sheet of each Principal Subsidiary as at December 31, 2003, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2005, and the related consolidated statements of income and of cash flows for the fiscal years ended on such dates, reported on by and accompanied by an unqualified report from Deloitte & Touche LLP and BDO Visura (or an affiliate thereof), as applicable, present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or of such Principal Subsidiary, as applicable, as at such date, and the consolidated results of such Persons’ or Person’s operations and its consolidated cash flows for the respective fiscal years then ended. The unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and the unaudited consolidated balance sheet of each Principal Subsidiary as at March 31, 2006, and the related unaudited consolidated statements of income and cash flows for the three-month period ended on such date, present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or of such Principal Subsidiary, as applicable, as at such date, and the consolidated results of such Persons’ or Person’s operations and its consolidated cash flows for the three-month period then ended (subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnote disclosure). All such financial statements, including the related schedules, have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied consistently throughout the periods involved (except as approved by the aforementioned firm of accountants and disclosed therein). No Group Member has any material (a)(i) Guarantee Obligations, (ii) contingent liabilities or (iii) liabilities for taxes or (b) long-term leases, or unusual forward or long-term commitments (including any interest rate or foreign currency swap or exchange transaction, or other derivatives-related obligations) except those that (x) are incurred in the ordinary course of business, (y) would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect or (z) are reflected in the most recent financial statements referred to in this paragraph. During the period from December 31, 2005 to

 

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and including the date hereof, there has been no Disposition other than in the ordinary course of business by any Group Member of any material part of its business or property.

 

3.2                     No Change. Since December 31, 2005, there has been no development or event that has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

3.3                     Existence; Compliance with Law. Each Material Group Member (a) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (b) has the power and authority, and the legal right, to own and operate its property, to lease the property it operates as lessee and to conduct the business in which it is currently engaged, (c) is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or other organization and in good standing under the laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership, lease or operation of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification and (d) is in compliance with all Requirements of Law, the certificate of incorporation, by-laws or other organizational or governing documents of such Material Group Member except, in the case of clause (c) and (d) above, to the extent that the failure to comply therewith would not, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

3.4                     Power; Authorization; Enforceable Obligations. Each Loan Party has the power and authority, and the legal right, to make, deliver and perform the Loan Documents to which it is a party and, in the case of the Borrower, to obtain extensions of credit hereunder. Each Loan Party has taken all necessary organizational action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents to which it is a party and, in the case of the Borrower, to authorize the extensions of credit on the terms and conditions of this Agreement. No consent or authorization of, filing with, notice to or other act by or in respect of, any Governmental or Regulatory Authority or any other Person is required in connection with the extensions of credit hereunder or with the execution, delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the Loan Documents, except (i) consents, authorizations, filings and notices described in Schedule 3.4, which consents, authorizations, filings and notices have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect, (ii) the filings referred to in Section 3.18 or (iii) such other consents, authorizations, filings and notices the failure to receive or make would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each Loan Document has been duly executed and delivered on behalf of each Loan Party party thereto. This Agreement constitutes, and each other Loan Document upon execution will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of each Loan Party party thereto, enforceable against each such Loan Party in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles (whether enforcement is sought by proceedings in equity or at law).

 

3.5                     No Legal Bar. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, the borrowings hereunder and the use of the proceeds thereof will not violate any Requirement of Law, the certificate of incorporation, by-laws or other organizational or governing documents of any Group Member or any Contractual Obligation of any Group Member, except where such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and will not result in, or require, the creation or imposition of any material Lien on any of their respective properties or revenues pursuant to any Requirement of Law or any material Contractual Obligation (other than the Liens created by the Security Documents). No such violation of a material Requirement of Law is known to the Borrower. Each Group Member is in compliance with any Requirement of Law applicable to such Group Member, except where the failure to comply would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

3.6                     Litigation. No litigation, investigation or proceeding of or before any arbitrator or Governmental or Regulatory Authority is pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened by

 

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or against any Group Member or against any of their respective properties or revenues (a) with respect to the validity, enforceability or binding effect of any of the Loan Documents or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or (b) that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

3.7                     No Default. Each Group Member is in compliance with its material Contractual Obligations, except where the failure to comply would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

 

3.8                     Ownership of Property; Liens. Each Group Member has title in fee simple to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all its real property, and good title to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all its other property, except in each case as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and none of such property is subject to any Lien except as permitted by Section 6.3 or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents.

 

3.9                     Intellectual Property. Each Material Group Member owns, or is licensed to use, the Intellectual Property used in the conduct of its business as currently conducted; no claim has been asserted in writing and is pending by any Person challenging or questioning the use by any Material Group Member of any Intellectual Property used in the business of such Material Group Member or the validity or effectiveness of any Intellectual Property, nor does the Borrower know of any valid basis for any such claim; and to the knowledge of the Borrower, the use of Intellectual Property in the business of each Material Group Member does not infringe on the rights of any Person in any respect, except, in each case set forth above, as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

3.10               Taxes. Each Group Member has filed or caused to be filed all Federal and all material state and other tax returns that are required to be filed and has paid all taxes shown to be due and payable on said returns or on any assessments made against it or any of its property and all other taxes, fees or other charges imposed on it or any of its property by any Governmental or Regulatory Authority other than (a) any the amount or validity of which are currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and with respect to which reserves in conformity with GAAP have been provided on the books of the relevant Group Member or (b) except in the case of filing consolidated Federal tax returns, to the extent that the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Borrower, no material tax lien has been filed and no claim is being asserted with respect to any such tax, fee or other charge.

 

3.11               Federal Regulations. (a) No part of the proceeds of any Loans, and no other extensions of credit hereunder, will be used (a) for “buying” or “carrying” any “margin stock” within the respective meanings of each of the quoted terms under Regulation U as now and from time to time hereafter in effect for any purpose that violates the provisions of the Regulations of the Board or (b) for any purpose that violates the provisions of the Regulations of the Board. If requested by any Lender or the Administrative Agent, the Borrower will furnish to the Administrative Agent and each Lender a statement to the foregoing effect in conformity with the requirements of FR Form G-3 or FR Form U-l, as applicable, referred to in Regulation U.

 

(b) Each domestic Broker-Dealer Subsidiary is a broker and dealer subject to the provisions of Regulation T of the Board. Each domestic Broker-Dealer Subsidiary maintains procedures and internal controls reasonably designed to ensure that such domestic Broker-Dealer Subsidiary does not extend or maintain credit to or for its customers other than in accordance with the provisions of Regulation T, and members of each domestic Broker-Dealer Subsidiary regularly supervise its activities and the activities of members and employees of such domestic Broker-Dealer Subsidiary to insure that such domestic Broker-Dealer Subsidiary does not extend or maintain credit to or for its customers other

 

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than in accordance with the provisions of Regulation T, except for occasional inadvertent failures to comply with Regulation T in connection with transactions which are not material either in number or amount.

 

3.12               ERISA. Neither a Reportable Event nor an “accumulated funding deficiency” (within the meaning of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA) has occurred during the five-year period prior to the date on which this representation is made or deemed made with respect to any Plan, and each Plan has complied in all material respects with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code. No termination of a Single Employer Plan has occurred, and no Lien in favor of the PBGC or a Plan has arisen, during such five-year period. The present value of all accrued benefits under each Single Employer Plan (based on those assumptions used to fund such Plans) did not, as of the last annual valuation date prior to the date on which this representation is made or deemed made, exceed the value of the assets of such Plan allocable to such accrued benefits by a material amount. Neither the Borrower nor any Commonly Controlled Entity has had a complete or partial withdrawal from any Multiemployer Plan that has resulted or would reasonably be expected to result in a material liability under ERISA, and neither the Borrower nor any Commonly Controlled Entity would become subject to any material liability under ERISA if the Borrower or any such Commonly Controlled Entity were to withdraw completely from all Multiemployer Plans as of the valuation date most closely preceding the date on which this representation is made or deemed made. No such Multiemployer Plan is in Reorganization or Insolvent.

 

3.13               Membership in NASD; CFTC; Registration, etc. Each Broker-Dealer Subsidiary that (a) is a Domestic Subsidiary is a member in good standing of the NASD and/or the NYSE, and/or the Eurex US and any other applicable Governmental or Regulatory Authority, is duly registered as a broker- dealer with the SEC and any other applicable Governmental or Regulatory Authority and in each state in which the conduct of its business requires such registration, is registered as futures commission merchant with the CFTC and any other applicable Governmental or Regulatory Authority and is not an “investment company”, or a company “controlled” by an “investment company”, within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended and (b) is not a Domestic Subsidiary is duly registered as a broker-dealer and/or a futures commission merchant (or the local equivalent of either) with the applicable Governmental or Regulatory Authority, in each case. No Loan Party is subject to regulation under any Requirement of Law (other than Regulation X of the Board) that materially limits its ability to incur Indebtedness.

 

3.14               Subsidiaries. Except as disclosed to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower in writing from time to time after the Closing Date, (a) Schedule 3.14 sets forth the name and jurisdiction of incorporation of each Subsidiary and, as to each such Subsidiary, the percentage of each class of Capital Stock owned by any Loan Party and (b) there are no outstanding subscriptions, options, warrants, calls, rights or other agreements or commitments (other than stock options granted to employees or directors, directors’ qualifying shares and agreements relating to members’ interests) of any nature relating to any Capital Stock of the Borrower or any Subsidiary, except as created by the Loan Documents.

 

3.15               Use of Proceeds. The proceeds of the Revolving Loans shall be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, including for funding through subordinated loans the activities of the Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries which subordinated loans will comply with 12 C.F.R. §221.5(c)(9)(ii) or will otherwise comply with Regulation U of the Board.

 

3.16               Environmental Matters. Except as, in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect:

 

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(a) the facilities and properties owned, leased or operated by any Group Member (the “Properties”) do not contain, and have not previously contained, any Materials of Environmental Concern in amounts or concentrations or under circumstances that constitute or constituted a violation of, or would be reasonably likely to give rise to liability under, any Environmental Law;

 

(b) no Group Member has received or is aware of any notice of any material violation, alleged violation, non-compliance, liability or potential liability regarding environmental matters or compliance with Environmental Laws with regard to any of the Properties or the business operated by any Group Member (the “Business”), nor does the Borrower have knowledge or reason to believe that any such notice will be received or is being threatened;

 

(c) Materials of Environmental Concern have not been transported or disposed of from the Properties in violation of, or in a manner or to a location that would be reasonably likely to give rise to liability under, any Environmental Law, nor have any Materials of Environmental Concern been generated, treated, stored or disposed of at, on or under any of the Properties in violation of, or in a manner that would be reasonably likely to give rise to any material liability under, any applicable Environmental Law;

 

(d) no judicial proceeding or governmental or administrative action is pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened, under any Environmental Law to which any Group Member is or will be named as a party with respect to the Properties or the Business, nor are there any consent decrees or other decrees, consent orders, administrative orders or other orders, or other administrative or judicial requirements outstanding under any Environmental Law with respect to the Properties or the Business;

 

(e) there has been no release or threat of release of Materials of Environmental Concern at or from the Properties, or arising from or related to the operations of any Group Member in connection with the Properties or otherwise in connection with the Business, in violation of or in amounts or in a manner that would be reasonably likely to give rise to any material liability under Environmental Laws;

 

(f) the Properties and all operations at the Properties are in compliance, and have in the last five years been in compliance, with all applicable Environmental Laws, and there is no material contamination at, under or about the Properties or violation of any Environmental Law with respect to the Properties or the Business; and

 

(g) no Group Member has assumed any material liability of any other Person under Environmental Laws.

 

3.17     Accuracy of Information, etc. No statement or information contained in this Agreement, any other Loan Document, the Confidential Information Memorandum or any other document, certificate or statement furnished by or on behalf of any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders, or any of them, for use in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, taken as a whole, contained as of the date such statement, information, document or certificate was so furnished (or, in the case of the Confidential Information Memorandum, as of the date of this Agreement), any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained herein or therein not misleading in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made; provided, that the projections and pro forma financial information contained in the materials referenced above are based upon good faith estimates and assumptions believed by management of the Borrower to be reasonable at the time made, it being recognized by the Lenders that such financial information as it relates to future events is not to be viewed as fact and that actual results during the period or periods covered by such financial information may differ from the projected results set forth therein by a material amount.

 

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3.18     Security Documents. Each of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement and the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement is effective to create in favor of the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent, as applicable, for the benefit of the Lenders or the Secured Parties, as applicable, a legal, valid and enforceable security interest in the Collateral described therein and proceeds thereof. In the case of the Pledged Stock described in the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, when certificates representing such Pledged Stock are delivered to the Collateral Agent (assuming continued possession by the Collateral Agent of such certificates and that such certificates are located in the United States) and, in the case of the Collateral described in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement in which a security interest may be perfected by the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements, when financing statements and other filings specified on Schedule 3.18(a) in appropriate form are filed in the offices specified on Schedule 3.18(a) along with the payment of applicable filing fees, each of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement and Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement shall constitute a fully perfected Lien on, and security interest in, all right, title and interest of the Loan Parties in the Collateral described therein and the proceeds thereof, as security for the Obligations (as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, as applicable), in each case prior and superior in right to any other Person (except subject to Liens permitted by Section 6.3 or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents).

 

SECTION 4. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT

 

4.1       Conditions to Initial Extension of Credit. The agreement of each Lender to make the initial extension of credit requested to be made by it is subject to the satisfaction, prior to or concurrently with the making of such extension of credit on the Closing Date, of the following conditions precedent (if not otherwise waived):

 

(a) Credit Agreement: Guarantee and Collateral Agreement; Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement. The Administrative Agent shall have received (i) this Agreement, executed and delivered by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower and each Person listed on Schedule 1.1 A, (ii) the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, executed and delivered by the Borrower and each Guarantor, (iii) an Acknowledgement and Consent in the form attached to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, executed and delivered by each Issuer (as defined therein), if any, that is not a Loan Party or a Regulated Entity, (iv) the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, executed and delivered by the Borrower and each Guarantor and (v) an Acknowledgment and Consent in the form attached to the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, executed and delivered by each Issuer (as defined therein), if any, that is not a Loan Party or a Regulated Entity.

 

(b) Approvals. The Loan Parties will use their commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any material governmental and third party approvals necessary in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, and all applicable waiting periods shall have expired without any action being taken or threatened by any competent authority that would restrain, prevent or otherwise impose adverse conditions on the financing contemplated hereby.

 

(c) Financial Statements. The Lenders shall have received (i) audited consolidated financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and audited consolidated financial statements of each Principal Subsidiary for the December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 fiscal years and (ii) unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and unaudited consolidated financial statements of each Principal Subsidiary for each fiscal quarter ended after the date of the latest applicable financial statements delivered pursuant to clause (i) of this paragraph as to which such financial statements are available, and such financial statements shall not, in the reasonable judgment of the Lenders, reflect any material adverse

 

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change in the consolidated financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries or of such Principal Subsidiary, as applicable, as reflected in the financial statements or projections contained in the Confidential Information Memorandum.

 

(d) Lien Searches. The Administrative Agent shall have received the results of a recent lien search in each of the jurisdictions where assets of the Loan Parties are located, and such search shall reveal no liens on any of the assets of the Loan Parties except for liens permitted by Section 6.3 or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents, or liens discharged on or prior to the Closing Date pursuant to documentation satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.

 

(e) Fees. The Lenders and the Administrative Agent shall have received all fees required to be paid, and all expenses for which invoices have been presented (including the reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel), on or before the Closing Date. All such amounts will be paid with proceeds of Loans made on the Closing Date and will be reflected in the funding instructions given by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent on or before the Closing Date.

 

(f) Closing Certificate; Certified Certificate of Incorporation; Good Standing Certificates. The Administrative Agent shall have received (i) a certificate of each Loan Party, dated the Closing Date, substantially in the form of Exhibit D, with appropriate insertions and attachments, including the certificate of incorporation of each Loan Party that is a corporation certified by the relevant authority of the jurisdiction of organization of such Loan Party, and (ii) a long form good standing certificate for each Loan Party from its jurisdiction of organization.

 

(g) Legal Opinion. The Administrative Agent shall have received the legal opinion of Dechert LLP, counsel to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, substantially in the form of Exhibit F.

 

(h) S&P Rating. The Borrower shall have received a counterparty credit rating from S&P of BBB- or better.

 

(i) Pledged Stock; Stock Powers; Pledged Notes. (i) The Collateral Agent shall have received the certificates (if any) representing the shares of Capital Stock of Subsidiaries pledged pursuant to the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, together with an undated stock power for each such certificate executed in blank by a duly authorized officer of the pledgor thereof and (ii) the Administrative Agent shall have received each promissory note (if any) pledged to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement endorsed (without recourse) in blank (or accompanied by an executed transfer form in blank) by the pledgor thereof.

 

(j) Filings, Registrations and Recordings. Each document (including any Uniform Commercial Code financing statement) required by the Security Documents or under law or reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to be filed, registered or recorded in order to create in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, a perfected Lien on the Collateral described therein, prior and superior in right to any other Person (other than with respect to Liens expressly permitted by Section 6.3 or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents), shall be in proper form for filing, registration or recordation.

 

4.2       Conditions to Each Extension of Credit. The agreement of each Lender to make any extension of credit requested to be made by it on any date (including its initial extension of credit) is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:

 

(a) Representations and Warranties. Each of the representations and warranties made by any Loan Party in or pursuant to the Loan Documents shall be true and correct in all material

 

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respects on and as of such date as if made on and as of such date or, if such representation and warranty relates to a specific date, then as of such date.

 

(b) No Default. No Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on such date or after giving effect to the extensions of credit requested to be made on such date.

 

Each borrowing by the Borrower hereunder shall constitute a representation and warranty by the Borrower as of the date of such extension of credit that the conditions contained in this Section 4.2 have been satisfied.

 

SECTION 5. AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS

 

The Borrower hereby agrees that, so long as the Revolving Commitments remain in effect or any Loan or other amount is owing to any Lender or the Administrative Agent hereunder, the Borrower shall and, to the extent applicable, shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to:

 

5.1       Financial Statements. Furnish to the Administrative Agent and each Lender:

 

(a) as soon as available, but in any event before the earlier of (i) 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Borrower or (ii) the date on which the Borrower is required to file with the SEC such financial statements (to the extent applicable), a copy of the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries and the audited consolidated balance sheet for each Principal Subsidiary as at the end of such year and the related audited consolidated statements of income and of cash flows for such year, reported on without a “going concern” or like qualification or exception, or qualification arising out of the scope of the audit, by Deloitte & Touche LLP or BDO Visura (or an affiliate thereof), as applicable, or other independent certified public accountants of nationally recognized standing; and

 

(b) as soon as available, but in any event not later than the earlier of (i) 45 days after the end of each of the first three quarterly periods of each fiscal year of the Borrower or (ii) the date on which the Borrower is required to file with the SEC such financial statements (to the extent applicable), the unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries and the unaudited consolidated balance sheet for each Principal Subsidiary as at the end of such quarter and the related unaudited consolidated statements of income and of cash flows for such quarter and the portion of the fiscal year through the end of such quarter, certified by a Responsible Officer as being fairly stated in all material respects (subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the omission of footnotes).

 

All such financial statements shall fairly present in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries or of such Principal Subsidiary, as applicable, and shall be prepared in reasonable detail and in accordance with GAAP applied (except as approved by such accountants or officer, as the case may be, and disclosed in reasonable detail therein) consistently throughout the periods reflected therein and with prior periods. Documents required to be delivered pursuant to this Section 5.1 (to the extent any such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC to the extent applicable) may be delivered by posting such documents electronically with notice to the Administrative Agent and each Lender thereof and if so posted, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date on which such documents are posted on the Borrower’s behalf on IntraLinks/IntraAgency or another relevant website, if any, to which each Lender and the Administrative Agent have access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether sponsored by the Administrative Agent).

 

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5.2       Certificates; Other Information. Furnish to the Administrative Agent (who will distribute to each Lender):

 

(a) concurrently with the delivery of any financial statements pursuant to Section 5.1, (i) a certificate of a Responsible Officer stating that such Responsible Officer has no knowledge of any Default or Event of Default except as specified in such certificate and (ii) in the case of quarterly or annual financial statements, (x) a Compliance Certificate containing all information and calculations necessary for determining compliance by each Group Member with the provisions of this Agreement referred to therein as of the last day of the fiscal quarter or fiscal year of the Borrower, as the case may be, and (y) to the extent not previously disclosed to the Administrative Agent, a description of any change in the jurisdiction of organization of any Loan Party and a list of any material Intellectual Property acquired by any Loan Party since the date of the most recent report delivered pursuant to this clause (y) (or, in the case of the first such report so delivered, since the Closing Date);

 

(b) (i) within ten days after the same are sent, copies of all financial statements and reports that the Borrower sends to the public holders of any class of its debt securities or public equity securities and (ii) within ten days after the same are filed, copies of all financial statements and reports that the Borrower may make to, or file with, the SEC or any other domestic or foreign Governmental or Regulatory Authority; and

 

(c) promptly, such additional financial and other information as any Lender may from time to time reasonably request through the Administrative Agent.

 

5.3       Payment of Obligations. Pay, discharge or otherwise satisfy at or before maturity or before they become delinquent, as the case may be, all its obligations of whatever nature, except where (a) the amount or validity thereof is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and reserves in conformity with GAAP with respect thereto have been provided on the books of the relevant Group Member or (b) such failure would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

5.4       Maintenance of Existence; Compliance. (a)(i) Preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect its organizational existence and (ii) take all reasonable action to maintain all rights, privileges (including, in the case of each Broker-Dealer Subsidiary, its registration as a broker-dealer with the SEC and its membership with the NASD and/or its registration as a futures commission merchant with the CFTC (or any local equivalent thereof)) and franchises necessary or desirable in the normal conduct of its business, except, in each case, as otherwise permitted by Section 6.4 or Section 6.5(e) and except, in the case of clause (ii) above, to the extent that failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (b) comply with all Contractual Obligations and Requirements of Law except to the extent that failure to comply therewith would not, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

5.5       Maintenance of Property; Insurance, (a) Keep all property useful and necessary in its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and (b) maintain insurance on its premises with financially sound and reputable insurance companies in a commercially reasonable amount and with commercially reasonable terms and conditions.

 

5.6       Inspection of Property; Books and Records; Discussions, (a) Keep proper books of records and account in which complete entries in conformity with GAAP and all Requirements of Law shall be made of all material dealings and transactions in relation to its business and activities and (b)

 

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upon reasonable notice at reasonable times during normal business hours permit representatives of any Lender to visit and inspect any of its properties and examine and make abstracts from any of its books and records at any reasonable time and as often as may reasonably be desired and to discuss the business, operations, properties and financial and other condition of the Group Members with officers and employees of the Group Members and with their independent certified public accountants; provided that a representative of the Group Members shall be present at any such discussion.

 

5.7       Notices. Promptly give notice to the Administrative Agent and each Lender of:

 

(a) the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default;

 

(b) any litigation or proceeding affecting any Group Member (i) in which the amount involved is $25.0 million or more and not covered by insurance or (ii) which relates to any Loan Document;

 

(c) the following events, as soon as possible and in any event within 30 days after the Borrower knows of: (i) the occurrence of any Reportable Event with respect to any Plan, a failure to make any required contribution to a Plan, the creation of any Lien in favor of the PBGC or a Plan or any withdrawal from, or the termination, Reorganization or Insolvency of, any Multiemployer Plan or (ii) the institution of proceedings or the taking of any other action by the PBGC or the Borrower or any Commonly Controlled Entity or any Multiemployer Plan with respect to the withdrawal from, or the termination, Reorganization or Insolvency of, any Plan;

 

(d) (i) any Lien (other than Liens permitted under Section 6.3) on any of the Collateral which would adversely affect the ability of the Administrative Agent to exercise any of its remedies under the Security Documents or (ii) of the occurrence of any other event which could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the aggregate value of the Collateral or on the security interests of the Lenders under the Security Documents; and

 

(e) any development or event that, in the reasonable judgment of the Borrower, has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Each notice pursuant to this Section 5.7 shall be accompanied by a statement of a Responsible Officer setting forth details of the occurrence referred to therein and stating what action the relevant Group Member proposes to take with respect thereto.

 

5.8       Additional Collateral, etc. (a) With respect to any property acquired after the Closing Date by any Loan Party (other than (x) property excluded from Collateral by the Security Documents, (y) any property described in paragraph (b) or (c) below and (z) any property subject to a Lien permitted by Section 6.3(c), (d), (f), (g), (j) and (m) or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents) as to which the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, or the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, as applicable, does not have a perfected Lien (“Excluded Assets”), promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent and/or the Collateral Agent such amendments to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, the Pledge and the Collateral Agency Agreement or such other documents as the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent reasonably deems necessary to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, or the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, as applicable, a security interest in such property and (ii) take all actions necessary to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, or the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, as applicable, a perfected first priority security interest in such property (subject to Liens permitted by Section 6.3 or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents), including the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements in such

 

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jurisdictions as may be required by the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement or by law or as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent, as applicable.

 

(b) With respect to any new Material Subsidiary (other than a Foreign Subsidiary or an Excluded Regulated Subsidiary) created or acquired after the Closing Date by any Loan Party (which, for the purposes of this paragraph (b), shall include any existing Material Subsidiary that is a directly Wholly Owned Subsidiary of one or more Loan Parties that ceases to be a Foreign Subsidiary or an Excluded Regulated Subsidiary and shall include any immaterial Subsidiary that becomes a Material Subsidiary), promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Collateral Agent such amendments to the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement as the Collateral Agent reasonably deems necessary to grant to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a perfected first priority security interest in the Capital Stock of such new Material Subsidiary that is owned by any Loan Party (subject to Liens permitted by Section 6.3 or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents), (ii) deliver to the Collateral Agent the certificates representing such Capital Stock, together with undated stock powers, in blank, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the relevant Loan Party, (iii) except in the case of an Excluded Regulated Subsidiary, cause such new Material Subsidiary (A) to become a party to each of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement and the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, (B) to take such actions necessary to grant to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Lenders, and the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, as applicable, a perfected first priority security interest in the Collateral described in each of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement and the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement with respect to such new Material Subsidiary, other than any Excluded Assets and subject to Liens permitted by Section 6.3 or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents, including the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements in such jurisdictions as may be required by the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement or by law or as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent, as applicable, and (C) to deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate of such Material Subsidiary, substantially in the form of Exhibit D, with appropriate insertions and attachments, and (iv) if reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent, deliver to the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent, as applicable, legal opinions relating to the matters described above, which opinions shall be in form and substance, and from counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent, as applicable.

 

(c) With respect to any new Foreign Subsidiary created or acquired after the Closing Date by any Loan Party, promptly (i) execute and deliver to the Collateral Agent such amendments to the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement as the Collateral Agent deems necessary to grant to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a perfected first priority security interest in the Capital Stock of such new Foreign Subsidiary that is owned by any such Loan Party (provided that in no event shall more than 65% of the total outstanding voting Capital Stock of any such new first tier Foreign Subsidiary owned by a domestic Loan Party be required to be so pledged and excluding the Capital Stock of any other Foreign Subsidiary) (subject to Liens permitted by Section 6.3 or as permitted pursuant to the Security Documents), (ii) deliver to the Collateral Agent the certificates representing such Capital Stock, together with undated stock powers, in blank, executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the relevant Loan Party, and take such other action as may be necessary to perfect the Collateral Agent’s security interest therein, and (iii) if reasonably requested by the Collateral Agent, deliver to the Collateral Agent legal opinions relating to the matters described above, which opinions shall be in form and substance, and from counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Collateral Agent.

 

5.9       Compliance with Regulatory Requirements. The Borrower will, and will cause each Broker-Dealer Subsidiary to comply with all rules and regulations of the SEC and any other applicable domestic or foreign Governmental or Regulatory Authority applicable to it (including such

 

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rules and regulations dealing with net capital or other applicable requirements), except where the failure to comply would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

5.10     Post-Closing Covenant. The Borrower will deliver (i) the Pledged Stock (as defined in the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement) set forth on Schedule 2 of the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement to the Collateral Agent within 30 days of the Closing Date and (ii) the Pledged Notes (as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement) set forth on Schedule 2 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement within five Business Days of the Closing Date.

 

SECTION 6. NEGATIVE COVENANTS

 

The Borrower hereby agrees that, so long as the Revolving Commitments remain in effect or any Loan or other amount is owing to any Lender or the Administrative Agent hereunder, the Borrower shall not, and (to the extent applicable) shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly:

 

6.1       Financial Condition Covenants.

 

(a) Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity. Permit Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity at any time to be less than the sum of (i) $1,523,000,000 and (ii) 25% of cumulative Consolidated Net Income for each fiscal quarter of the Borrower (beginning with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2006) for which Consolidated Net Income is positive.

 

(b) Consolidated Capitalization Ratio. Permit the Consolidated Capitalization Ratio at any time to be greater than 0.30 to 1.00.

 

(c) Minimum Liquidity Ratio. Permit the ratio (such ratio, the “Liquidity Ratio”) of (x) unencumbered marketable securities (after taking into account financing haircuts) and other liquid financial assets (including excess exchange and clearing deposits) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries to (y) the sum of (i) unsecured liabilities of the Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries and (ii) unsecured liabilities of the Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries (other than Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries) with maturities of one year or less at any time to be less than 1.0 to 1.0.

 

(d) Consolidated Total Debt to Regulatory Capital. Permit the ratio of (x) Consolidated Total Debt to (y) Consolidated Regulatory Capital at any time to be greater than 0.35 to 1.00.

 

6.2       Indebtedness. Create, issue, incur, assume, become liable in respect of or suffer to exist any Indebtedness, except:

 

(a) Indebtedness of any Loan Party pursuant to any Loan Document;

 

(b) Indebtedness of the Borrower to any Subsidiary or of any Subsidiary to the Borrower or any other Subsidiary that in either case shall not have been transferred or pledged to any third party to the extent that such Indebtedness corresponds to any Investment permitted by Section 6.7(f) or (g);

 

(c) Indebtedness of any Person that shall have become a Subsidiary after the Closing Date; provided that such Indebtedness shall have existed at the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary and shall not have been created in contemplation of or in connection with such Person becoming a Subsidiary, and any refinancings, refundings, renewals or extensions thereof (without increasing the principal amount or shortening the maturity thereof);

 

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(d) Guarantee Obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries of obligations of (i) any Guarantor or any Broker-Dealer Subsidiary or (ii) any Subsidiary in respect of Indebtedness permitted under clause (k) below;

 

(e) Indebtedness outstanding on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 6.2(e) and any refinancings, refundings, renewals or extensions thereof (without increasing the principal amount or shortening the maturity thereof);

 

(f) Indebtedness (including, without limitation, Capital Lease Obligations) secured by Liens permitted by Section 6.3(g) incurred to finance the acquisition, construction or improvement of any fixed or capital assets, including Capital Lease Obligations, and any Indebtedness assumed or incurred in connection with the acquisition of any such assets or secured by a Lien on any such assets prior to the acquisition thereof, and extensions, renewals and replacements of any such Indebtedness that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof; provided that such Indebtedness is incurred prior to or within 180 days after such acquisition or the completion of such construction or improvement;

 

(g) Indebtedness incurred by Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries under customary terms in the ordinary course of business;

 

(h) Subordinated Indebtedness of the Borrower;

 

(i) Guarantee Obligations of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in respect of Indebtedness or liabilities of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries so long as the incurrence or existence of such Indebtedness or liabilities is or was permitted under this Agreement; provided that a Group Member that is not a Loan Party may not incur such Guarantee Obligations in respect of Indebtedness of a Loan Party unless such Group Member shall become a Guarantor hereunder; provided further that any Guarantee Obligations of Subordinated Indebtedness shall also be subordinated;

 

(j) IBG Notes;

 

(k) Indebtedness of Subsidiaries in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed, at the time of incurrence of any such Indebtedness and after giving effect thereto, when taken together with the principal amount of all Indebtedness then outstanding under clause (ii) of Section 6.2(l), the product of clauses (a) and (b) thereof as of such date; and

 

(l) Indebtedness of the Borrower so long as any incurrence thereof does not (i) result in pro forma noncompliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 6.1 and (ii) so long as any such Indebtedness maturing on or before the six-month anniversary of the Maturity Date does not exceed, when taken together with the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness then outstanding under clause (k) above, at the time of incurrence of any such Indebtedness and after giving effect thereto, the product of (a) 0.05 and (b) Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity as of such date;

 

provided that, in the case of any Indebtedness incurred under clauses (j), (k) or (l)(ii) above, on the date of the incurrence thereof and after giving effect thereto, the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness then outstanding under clauses (j), (k) and (l)(ii) above does not exceed the product of (a) 0.25 and (b) Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity as of such date. For the avoidance of doubt, the financial covenants in Section 6.1 shall apply, and compliance therewith shall be calculated to include as appropriate all Indebtedness incurred as permitted under this Section 6.2.

 

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6.3       Liens. Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, except:

 

(a) Liens for taxes not yet due or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, provided that adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries, as the case may be, in conformity with GAAP;

 

(b) carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s or other like Liens arising in the ordinary course of business that are not overdue for a period of more than 30 days or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings;

 

(c) pledges or deposits in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security legislation;

 

(d) deposits to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts (other than for borrowed money), leases, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

(e) easements, rights-of-way, restrictions and other similar encumbrances incurred in the ordinary course of business that, in the aggregate, are not substantial in amount and that do not in any case materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries;

 

(f) Liens in existence on the date hereof listed on Schedule 6.3(f), securing Indebtedness permitted by Section 6.2(e), and Liens incurred to secure any Indebtedness permitted under Section 6.2(e) to refinance such Indebtedness; provided that no such Lien is spread to cover any additional property after the Closing Date and that the principal amount of Indebtedness secured thereby is not increased;

 

(g) Liens securing Indebtedness of the Borrower or any other Subsidiary incurred pursuant to Section 6.2(f), provided that (i) such Liens do not at any time encumber any property other than the property financed by such Indebtedness and (ii) the principal amount of Indebtedness secured thereby is not increased;

 

(h) Liens created pursuant to the Security Documents;

 

(i) any interest or title of a lessor under any lease entered into by the Borrower or any other Subsidiary in the ordinary course of its business and covering only the assets so leased;

 

(j) the filing of financing statements as a precautionary measure in connection with operating leases or the assignment of goods;

 

(k) any Lien existing on any property or asset prior to the acquisition thereof by the Borrower or any Subsidiary or existing on any property or asset of any Person that becomes a Subsidiary after the date hereof prior to the time such Person becomes a Subsidiary; provided that (i) such Lien is not created in contemplation of or in connection with such acquisition or such Person becoming a Subsidiary, as the case may be, (ii) such Lien shall not apply to any other property or assets of the Borrower or any Subsidiary and (iii) such Lien shall secure only those obligations which it secures on the date of such acquisition or the date such Person becomes a Subsidiary, as the case may be, and extensions, renewals and replacements thereof that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof as of such date;

 

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(l) Liens created, incurred or assumed by any Broker-Dealer Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business upon assets owned by such Subsidiary or held for such Subsidiary’s account to secure Indebtedness and other liabilities incurred under Section 6.2(g);

 

(m) any extension, renewal or replacement (or successive extensions, renewals or replacements) in whole or in part of any Lien referred to in clauses (f), (g), (k) and (l); provided that (i) the obligations secured thereby shall be limited to the obligations secured by the Lien so extended, renewed or replaced (and, to the extent provided in the foregoing clauses, extensions, renewals and replacements thereof) and (ii) such Lien shall be limited to all or a part of the assets that secured the Lien so extended, renewed or replaced; and

 

(n) other Liens securing obligations in an amount not to exceed $50 million at any time outstanding.

 

6.4       Fundamental Changes. Merge, consolidate or amalgamate, or liquidate, wind up or dissolve itself (or suffer any liquidation or dissolution), or Dispose of all or substantially all of its property or business, except that:

 

(a) the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries may merge or consolidate with any Person that is in the same or similar line of business (or primarily engages in the same or similar business activities); provided that (A) in the case of any merger or consolidation involving the Borrower, (x) the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving corporation or (y) if the Person formed by or surviving any such merger or consolidation is not the Borrower (any such Person, the “Successor Company”), (i) the Successor Company shall be an entity organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, the District of Columbia or any territory thereof, (ii) the Successor Company shall expressly assume all the obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which the Borrower is a party pursuant to a supplement hereto or thereto in form reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and by virtue of such merger or consolidation and such assumption shall have become the “Borrower” hereunder, (iii) after giving effect to such merger or consolidation, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred or be continuing, (iv) each Guarantor, unless it is the other party to such merger or consolidation, shall have by a supplement to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement confirmed that its Guarantee and other obligations thereunder shall apply to the Successor Company’s obligations under this Agreement and (v) the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that such merger or consolidation and such supplement to this Agreement or any Loan Document comply with this Agreement; (B) in the case of any merger or consolidation involving a Material Group Member, the surviving entity shall be a Material Group Member; (C) in the case of any merger or consolidation involving a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary, the surviving entity shall be a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary and shall have only Indebtedness permitted to be incurred under Section 6.2 (other than by virtue of paragraph (c) thereof) by such Broker-Dealer Subsidiary; and (D) any merger or consolidation effected under this Section 6.4(a) with a Person that is not the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries shall be treated for all purposes hereof as an acquisition of such Person and shall be subject to the limitations of Section 6.7 (with the value of such Person at the time of such merger or consolidation being deemed to be the consideration paid for the acquisition thereof, if in such merger or consolidation no consideration, in the form of Capital Stock of the Borrower or otherwise, is paid for such acquisition);

 

(b) any Subsidiary of the Borrower may Dispose of all or substantially all of its assets (i) to the Borrower or any Subsidiary; provided that (A) in the case of any such Disposition by any Material Group Member, the transferee entity shall be a Material Group Member and shall have

 

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only Indebtedness permitted to be incurred under Section 6.2 (by such Material Group Member and (B) in the case of any such Disposition by any Broker-Dealer Subsidiary, the transferee entity shall be a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary and shall have only Indebtedness permitted to be incurred under Section 6.2 by such Broker-Dealer Subsidiary (ii) to the Borrower or any Guarantor (upon voluntary liquidation or otherwise) or (iii) pursuant to a Disposition permitted by Section 6.5;

 

(c) any Investment expressly permitted by Section 6.7 may be structured as a merger, consolidation or amalgamation; and

 

(d) any Subsidiary of the Borrower may liquidate or dissolve if (i) the Borrower determines in good faith that such liquidation or dissolution is in the best interests of the Borrower and is not materially disadvantageous to the Lenders and (ii) in the case of a liquidation or dissolution of a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary, such liquidation or dissolution is into another Broker-Dealer Subsidiary that shall have only Indebtedness permitted to be incurred under Section 6.2 (other than by virtue of paragraph (c) thereof) by such Broker-Dealer Subsidiary.

 

6.5       Disposition of Property. Dispose of any of its property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, or, in the case of any Subsidiary, issue or sell any shares of such Subsidiary’s Capital Stock to any Person, except:

 

(a) the Disposition of obsolete or worn out property in the ordinary course of business;

 

(b) the sale of inventory, cash, Cash Equivalents and other assets (including securities and derivatives) in the ordinary course of business;

 

(c) Dispositions permitted by clauses (i) or (ii) of Section 6.4(b) and Investments permitted by Sections 6.7(f), (g) and (h);

 

(d) the sale or issuance of the Capital Stock of (i) any Subsidiary to the Borrower or any Guarantor or (ii) any Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor to any other Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor;

 

(e) (i) the sale by any Loan Party of its property or assets to another Loan Party, (ii) the sale by any Subsidiary (other than a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary) that is not a Guarantor of its property or assets to another Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor and (iii) the sale by a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary of its property or assets to another Broker-Dealer Subsidiary that shall not have any Indebtedness not permitted to be incurred under Section 6.2.

 

(f) the Disposition of other property having a fair market value not to exceed, in the aggregate for any fiscal year of the Borrower, the product of (a) 0.10 and (b) Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity as of such date; provided that any such Disposition to a Person that is not a Group Member is for consideration at least equivalent to the fair market value of such other property; and provided, further, that each such Disposition would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

6.6       Restricted Payments. Declare or pay any dividend (other than dividends payable solely in common stock of the Person making such dividend) on, or make any payment on account of, or set apart assets for a sinking or other analogous fund for, the purchase, redemption, defeasance, retirement or other acquisition of, any Capital Stock of any Group Member, whether now or hereafter outstanding, or make any other distribution in respect thereof, either directly or indirectly, whether in cash or property or in obligations of any Group Member (collectively, “Restricted Payments”), except that:

 

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(a) any Subsidiary may make Restricted Payments to the Borrower or any Subsidiary which is a holder of the Capital Stock of such Subsidiary;

 

(b) any Subsidiary may declare and pay dividends ratably with respect to its Capital Stock;

 

(c) the Borrower may make Restricted Payments pursuant to and in accordance with stock option plans or other benefit plans for management or employees of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries;

 

(d) the Borrower may make Restricted Payments at any time so long as (i) no Default or Event Default shall have occurred and be continuing and (ii) at the time of the payment of such Restricted Payments, and after giving effect thereto, the Borrower shall be in pro forma compliance with the covenants set forth in Section 6.1; and

 

(e) the Borrower or any Subsidiary having one or more holders of its Capital Stock that are not the Borrower or any other Subsidiary may make Restricted Payments at such times and in such amounts as may reasonably be deemed necessary in respect of any then-current income taxes that become due and payable by direct or indirect holders of its Capital Stock, to the extent such taxes are directly attributable to the income of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, or the Capital Stock of such Subsidiary and its Subsidiaries, as the case may be.

 

6.7       Investments. Make any advance, loan, extension of credit (by way of guaranty or otherwise) or capital contribution to, or purchase any Capital Stock, bonds, notes, debentures or other debt securities of, or any assets constituting a business unit of, or make any other investment in, any Person (all of the foregoing, “Investments”), except:

 

(a) extensions of trade credit in the ordinary course of business;

 

(b) investments in cash and Cash Equivalents (and other Investments in the ordinary course of a broker-dealer business);

 

(c) Guarantee Obligations permitted by Section 6.2;

 

(d) loans and advances to employees of any Group Member in the ordinary course of business (including for travel, entertainment and relocation expenses) in an aggregate amount for all Group Members not to exceed $20.0 million at any one time outstanding;

 

(e) other Investments constituting Permitted Acquisitions; provided that the aggregate amount of the consideration (including Capital Stock) paid in connection with all Permitted Acquisitions shall not be in excess of the product of (i) 0.50 and (ii) Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity as of such date;

 

(f) (i) intercompany Investments by (A) any Group Member in the Borrower or any Subsidiary that, prior to or concurrently with such investment, is or becomes a Guarantor, (B) any Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor in any other Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor and (C) the Borrower in any Wholly Owned Subsidiary, provided that no proceeds of any Loan shall be used to make equity investments in, or capital contributions to, such Subsidiary and (ii) the intercompany Investments existing on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 6.7(f) and any refinancings, refundings, renewals or extensions thereof;

 

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(g) any Investment by any Loan Party or a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary in a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary, or any Investment by any Loan Party or a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary in the form of the purchase by such Loan Party of any Investment held by a Broker-Dealer Subsidiary, in either case with the intent of permitting such Broker-Dealer Subsidiary to comply with applicable capital requirements on a temporary basis and in the ordinary course of business;

 

(h) Investments in Swap Agreements (it being understood that the Borrower shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, enter into any Swap Agreements that effectively substitute for transactions prohibited hereby);

 

(i) Investments received in settlement of amounts due to the Borrower or any Subsidiary effected in the ordinary course of business; and

 

(j) in addition to Investments otherwise expressly permitted by this Section, Investments by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in an aggregate amount (valued at cost) not to exceed at any time outstanding an amount equal to the product of (i) 0.05 and (ii) Consolidated Shareholders’ Equity as of such date.

 

6.8       Transactions with Affiliates. Enter into any transaction, including any purchase, sale, lease or exchange of property, the rendering of any service or the payment of any management, advisory or similar fees, with any Affiliate (other than the Borrower or Subsidiary) unless such transaction is (a) (i) otherwise permitted under this Agreement, (ii) in the ordinary course of business of the relevant Group Member, and (iii) upon fair and reasonable terms no less favorable to the relevant Group Member than it would obtain in a comparable arm’s length transaction with a Person that is not an Affiliate or (b) a Restricted Payment permitted by Section 6.6.

 

6.9       Changes in Fiscal Periods. Permit the fiscal year of the Borrower to end on a day other than December 31 or change the Borrower’s method of determining fiscal quarters.

 

6.10     Lines of Business. Enter into any business, either directly or through any Subsidiary, except for those businesses in which the Borrower and its Subsidiaries are engaged on the Closing Date and businesses similar, ancillary, complementary or otherwise reasonably related thereto or that are a reasonable extension, development or expansion thereof.

 

SECTION 7. EVENTS OF DEFAULT

 

If any of the following events shall occur and be continuing:

 

(a) the Borrower shall fail to pay any principal of any Loan when due in accordance with the terms hereof; or the Borrower shall fail to pay any interest on any Loan or any other amount payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document, within five days after any such interest or other amount becomes due in accordance with the terms hereof; or

 

(b) any representation or warranty made or deemed made by any Loan Party herein or in any other Loan Document or that is contained in any certificate (including any certification of any financial statement) furnished by it at any time under or in connection with this Agreement or any such other Loan Document shall prove to have been inaccurate in any material respect on or as of the date made or deemed made; or

 

(c) any Loan Party shall default in the observance or performance of any agreement contained in Section 6 hereof; or

 

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(d) any Loan Party shall default in the observance or performance of any other agreement contained in this Agreement or any other Loan Document (other than as provided in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this Section), and such default shall continue unremedied for a period of 30 days after notice to the Borrower from the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders; or

 

(e) any Material Group Member shall (i) default in making any payment of any principal of any Indebtedness (including any Guarantee Obligation, but excluding the Loans) beyond the period of grace, if any, with respect thereto; or (ii) default in making any payment of any interest on any such Indebtedness beyond the period of grace, if any, provided in the instrument or agreement under which such Indebtedness was created; or (iii) default in the observance or performance of any other agreement or condition relating to any such Indebtedness or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing or relating thereto, or any other event shall occur or condition exist, in each case the effect of which default or other event or condition is to cause, or to permit the holder or beneficiary of such Indebtedness (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or beneficiary) to cause, with the giving of notice if required, such Indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity; provided, that a default, event or condition described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of this paragraph (e) shall not at any time constitute an Event of Default unless, at such time, one or more defaults, events or conditions of the type described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph (e) shall have occurred and be continuing with respect to Indebtedness the outstanding principal amount of which exceeds in the aggregate $50.0 million; or

 

(f) (i) any Material Group Member shall commence any case, proceeding or other action (A) under any existing or future law of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, seeking to have an order for relief entered with respect to it, or seeking to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with respect to it or its debts, or (B) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its assets, or any Material Group Member shall make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or (ii) there shall be commenced against any Material Group Member any case, proceeding or other action of a nature referred to in clause (i) above that (A) results in the entry of an order for relief or any such adjudication or appointment or (B) remains undismissed or undischarged for a period of 60 days; or (iii) there shall be commenced against any Material Group Member any case, proceeding or other action seeking issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution, distraint or similar process against all or any substantial part of its assets that results in the entry of an order for any such relief that shall not have been vacated, discharged, or stayed or bonded pending appeal within 60 days from the entry thereof; or (iv) any Material Group Member shall take any action in furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of, or acquiescence in, any of the acts set forth in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) above; or (v) any Material Group Member shall generally not, or shall be unable to, or shall admit in writing its inability to, pay its debts as they become due; or

 

(g) (i) any Person shall engage in any “prohibited transaction” (as defined in Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) involving any Plan, (ii) any “accumulated funding deficiency” (as defined in Section 302 of ERISA), whether or not waived, shall exist with respect to any Plan or any Lien in favor of the PBGC or a Plan shall arise on the assets of any Group Member or any Commonly Controlled Entity, (iii) a Reportable Event shall occur with respect to, or proceedings shall commence to have a trustee appointed, or a trustee shall be appointed, to administer or to terminate, any Single Employer Plan, which Reportable Event or commencement

 

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of proceedings or appointment of a trustee is, in the reasonable opinion of the Required Lenders, likely to result in the termination of such Plan for purposes of Title IV of ERISA, (iv) any Single Employer Plan shall terminate for purposes of Title IV of ERISA, (v) any Group Member or any Commonly Controlled Entity shall, or in the reasonable opinion of the Required Lenders is likely to, incur any liability in connection with a withdrawal from, or the Insolvency or Reorganization of, a Multiemployer Plan or (vi) any other event or condition shall occur or exist with respect to a Plan; and in each case in clauses (i) through (vi) above, such event or condition, together with all other such events or conditions, if any, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; or

 

(h) one or more judgments or decrees shall be entered against any Material Group Member involving in the aggregate a liability (not paid or to the extent not covered by insurance) of $50.0 million or more, and all such judgments or decrees shall not have been vacated, discharged, stayed or bonded pending appeal within 30 days from the entry thereof; or

 

(i) except as expressly permitted hereunder or thereunder, any of the Security Documents shall cease, for any reason, to be in full force and effect, or any Loan Party shall so assert in writing, or any Lien created by any of the Security Documents shall, with respect to a material portion of the Collateral, cease to be enforceable or of the same effect and priority purported to be created thereby; or

 

(j) except as expressly permitted hereunder or thereunder, the guarantee contained in Section 2 of the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement shall cease, for any reason, to be in full force and effect or any Loan Party or any Affiliate of any Loan Party shall so assert; or

 

(k) (i) the Permitted Holders shall cease, either directly or indirectly, to hold, vote or direct the voting of those shares of common stock or member interests, as the case may be, of the Borrower representing the majority of the Voting Interests in the Borrower; or (ii) the board of directors of the Borrower shall cease to consist of a majority of Continuing Directors;

 

then, and in any such event, (A) if such event is an Event of Default specified in clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (f) above with respect to the Borrower, automatically the Revolving Commitments shall immediately terminate and the Loans (with accrued interest thereon) and all other amounts owing under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall immediately become due and payable, and (B) if such event is any other Event of Default, either or both of the following actions may be taken: (i) with the consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent may, or upon the request of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall, by notice to the Borrower declare the Revolving Commitments to be terminated forthwith, whereupon the Revolving Commitments shall immediately terminate; and (ii) with the consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent may, or upon the request of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall, by notice to the Borrower, declare the Loans (with accrued interest thereon) and all other amounts owing under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to be due and payable forthwith, whereupon the same shall immediately become due and payable. Except as expressly provided above in this Section, presentment, demand, protest and all other notices of any kind are hereby expressly waived by the Borrower.

 

SECTION 8. THE AGENTS

 

8.1       Appointment. (a) Each Lender hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Administrative Agent as the agent of such Lender under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and each such Lender irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent, in such capacity, to take such action on its behalf under the provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and to exercise

 

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such powers and perform such duties as are expressly delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, together with such other powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary elsewhere in this Agreement, the Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or responsibilities, except those expressly set forth herein, or any fiduciary relationship with any Lender, and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities shall be read into this Agreement or any other Loan Document or otherwise exist against the Administrative Agent.

 

(b) Each Lender hereby irrevocably designates and appoints the Collateral Agent as the agent of such Lender under the Pledge and Collateral Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and each such Lender irrevocably authorizes the Collateral Agent, in such capacity, to take such action on its behalf under the provisions of the Pledge and Collateral Agreement and the other Loan Documents and to exercise such powers and perform such duties as are expressly delegated to the Collateral Agent by the terms of the Pledge and Collateral Agreement and the other Loan Documents, together with such other powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary elsewhere in the Pledge and Collateral Agreement, the Collateral Agent shall not have any duties or responsibilities, except those expressly set forth therein, or any fiduciary relationship with any Lender, and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities shall be read into the Pledge and Collateral Agreement or any other Loan Document or otherwise exist against the Collateral Agent. The parties hereto agree that the Collateral Agent, in its capacity as such, shall have all the benefits, rights and indemnification accorded the Administrative Agent as set forth in this Article VIII to the same extent as if the provisions hereof were set forth in the Pledge and Collateral Agreement mutatis mutandis. The provisions of Section 8.9 shall apply to any successor Collateral Agent, which shall be appointed by the Secured Parties (as defined in the Pledge and Collateral Agreement) or, in the event of the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder, the IBG Note Holders (as defined in the Pledge and Collateral Agreement), in each case in accordance with Section 8.9. In connection with any such resignation of the Collateral Agent, the Collateral Agent shall assign its interest in any financing statements filed pursuant to the Pledge and Collateral Agreement to the successor Collateral Agent. This Section 8.1(b) shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.

 

8.2       Delegation of Duties. The Administrative Agent may execute any of its duties under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents by or through agents or attorneys-in-fact and shall be entitled to advice of counsel concerning all matters pertaining to such duties. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any agents or attorneys in-fact selected by it with reasonable care.

 

8.3       Exculpatory Provisions. Neither any Agent nor any of their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys-in-fact or affiliates shall be (i) liable for any action lawfully taken or omitted to be taken by it or such Person under or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document (except to the extent that any of the foregoing are found by a final and nonappealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from its or such Person’s own gross negligence or willful misconduct) or (ii) responsible in any manner to any of the Lenders for any recitals, statements, representations or warranties made by any Loan Party or any officer thereof contained in this Agreement or any other Loan Document or in any certificate, report, statement or other document referred to or provided for in, or received by the Agents under or in connection with, this Agreement or any other Loan Document or for the value, validity, effectiveness, genuineness, enforceability or sufficiency of this Agreement or any other Loan Document or for any failure of any Loan Party a party thereto to perform its obligations hereunder or thereunder. The Agents shall not be under any obligation to any Lender to ascertain or to inquire as to the observance or performance of any of the agreements contained in, or

 

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conditions of, this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or to inspect the properties, books or records of any Loan Party.

 

8.4       Reliance by Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely, and shall be fully protected in relying, upon any instrument, writing, resolution, notice, consent, certificate, affidavit, letter, telecopy, telex or teletype message, statement, order or other document or conversation reasonably believed by it to be genuine and correct and to have been signed, sent or made by the proper Person or Persons and upon advice and statements of legal counsel (including counsel to the Borrower), independent accountants and other experts selected by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent may deem and treat the payee of any Note as the owner thereof for all purposes unless a written notice of assignment, negotiation or transfer thereof shall have been filed with the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall be fully justified in failing or refusing to take any action under this Agreement or any other Loan Document unless it shall first receive such advice or concurrence of the Required Lenders (or, if so specified by this Agreement, all Lenders) as it deems appropriate or it shall first be indemnified to its satisfaction by the Lenders against any and all liability and expense that may be incurred by it by reason of taking or continuing to take any such action. The Administrative Agent shall in all cases be fully protected in acting, or in refraining from acting, under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents in accordance with a request of the Required Lenders (or, if so specified by this Agreement, all Lenders), and such request and any action taken or failure to act pursuant thereto shall be binding upon all the Lenders and all future holders of the Loans.

 

8.5       Notice of Default. The Administrative Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default unless the Administrative Agent has received notice from a Lender or the Borrower referring to this Agreement, describing such Default or Event of Default and stating that such notice is a “notice of default”. In the event that the Administrative Agent receives such a notice from the Borrower or any Lender, the Administrative Agent shall give notice thereof to all of the other Lenders (and if not from the Borrower, to the Borrower as well). The Administrative Agent shall take such action with respect to such Default or Event of Default as shall be reasonably directed by the Required Lenders (or, if so specified by this Agreement, all Lenders); provided that unless and until the Administrative Agent shall have received such directions, the Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) take such action, or refrain from taking such action, with respect to such Default or Event of Default as it shall deem advisable in the best interests of the Lenders.

 

8.6       Non-Reliance on Agents and Other Lenders. Each Lender expressly acknowledges that neither the Agents nor any of their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys-in-fact or affiliates have made any representations or warranties to it and that no act by any Agent hereafter taken, including any review of the affairs of a Loan Party or any affiliate of a Loan Party, shall be deemed to constitute any representation or warranty by any Agent to any Lender. Each Lender represents to the Agents that it has, independently and without reliance upon any Agent or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own appraisal of and investigation into the business, operations, property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Loan Parties and their affiliates and made its own decision to make its Loans hereunder and enter into this Agreement. Each Lender also represents that it will, independently and without reliance upon any Agent or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit analysis, appraisals and decisions in taking or not taking action under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, and to make such investigation as it deems necessary to inform itself as to the business, operations, property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Loan Parties and their affiliates. Except for notices, reports and other documents expressly required to be furnished to the Lenders by the Administrative Agent hereunder, the Administrative Agent shall not have any duty or responsibility to provide any Lender with any credit or other information concerning the business, operations, property, condition (financial or

 

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otherwise), prospects or creditworthiness of any Loan Party or any affiliate of a Loan Party that may come into the possession of the Administrative Agent or any of its officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys-in-fact or affiliates.

 

8.7       Indemnification. The Lenders agree to indemnify each Agent in its capacity as such (to the extent not reimbursed by the Borrower and without limiting the obligation of the Borrower to do so), ratably according to their respective Aggregate Exposure Percentages in effect on the date on which indemnification is sought under this Section (or, if indemnification is sought after the date upon which the Revolving Commitments shall have terminated and the Loans shall have been paid in full, ratably in accordance with such Aggregate Exposure Percentages immediately prior to such date), from and against any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind whatsoever that may at any time (whether before or after the payment of the Loans) be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against such Agent in any way relating to or arising out of, the Revolving Commitments, this Agreement, any of the other Loan Documents or any documents contemplated by or referred to herein or therein or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby or any action taken or omitted by such Agent under or in connection with any of the foregoing; provided that no Lender shall be liable for the payment of any portion of such liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements that are found by a final and nonappealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from such Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. The agreements in this Section shall survive the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.

 

8.8       Agent in Its Individual Capacity. Each Agent and its affiliates may make loans to, accept deposits from and generally engage in any kind of business with any Loan Party as though such Agent were not an Agent. With respect to its Loans made or renewed by it, each Agent shall have the same rights and powers under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents as any Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not an Agent, and the terms “Lender” and “Lenders” shall include each Agent in its individual capacity.

 

8.9       Successor Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent may resign as Administrative Agent upon 30 days’ notice to the Lenders and the Borrower. If the Administrative Agent shall resign as Administrative Agent under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, then the Required Lenders shall appoint from among the Lenders a successor agent for the Lenders, which successor agent shall (unless an Event of Default under Section 7(a) or Section 7(f) with respect to the Borrower shall have occurred and be continuing) be subject to approval by the Borrower (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), whereupon such successor agent shall succeed to the rights, powers and duties of the Administrative Agent, and the term “Administrative Agent” shall mean such successor agent effective upon such appointment and approval, and the former Administrative Agent’s rights, powers and duties as Administrative Agent shall be terminated, without any other or further act or deed on the part of such former Administrative Agent or any of the parties to this Agreement or any holders of the Loans. If no successor agent has accepted appointment as Administrative Agent by the date that is 30 days following a retiring Administrative Agent’s notice of resignation, the retiring Administrative Agent’s resignation shall nevertheless thereupon become effective, and the Lenders shall assume and perform all of the duties of the Administrative Agent hereunder until such time, if any, as the Required Lenders appoint a successor agent as provided for above; provided, however, that if any collateral security is then held by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders under any of the Loan Documents, the Administrative Agent shall continue to hold such collateral security until such time as a successor Administrative Agent is appointed. After any retiring Administrative Agent’s resignation as Administrative Agent, the provisions of this Section 8 shall inure to its benefit as to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was Administrative Agent under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

 

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8.10     Syndication Agent. The Syndication Agent shall not have any duties or responsibilities hereunder in its capacity as such.

 

8.11     Co-Syndication Agents. The Co-Syndication Agents shall not have any duties or responsibilities hereunder in their capacity as such.

 

SECTION 9. MISCELLANEOUS

 

9.1       Amendments and Waivers. Neither this Agreement, any other Loan Document, nor any terms hereof or thereof may be amended, supplemented or modified except in accordance with the provisions of this Section 9.1. The Required Lenders and each Loan Party party to the relevant Loan Document may, or, with the written consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent and each Loan Party party to the relevant Loan Document may, from time to time, (a) enter into written amendments, supplements or modifications hereto and to the other Loan Documents for the purpose of adding any provisions to this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or changing in any manner the rights of the Lenders or of the Loan Parties hereunder or thereunder or (b) waive, on such terms and conditions as the Required Lenders or the Administrative Agent, as the case may be, may specify in such instrument, any of the requirements of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or any Default or Event of Default and its consequences; provided, however, that no such waiver and no such amendment, supplement or modification shall (i) forgive the principal amount or extend the final scheduled date of maturity of any Loan, reduce the stated rate of any interest or fee payable hereunder (except in connection with the waiver of applicability of any post-default increase in interest rates (which waiver shall be effective with the consent of the Required Lenders)) or extend the scheduled date of any payment thereof, or increase the amount or extend the expiration date of any Lender’s Revolving Commitment, in each case without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby; (ii) eliminate or reduce the voting rights of any Lender under this Section 9.1 without the written consent of such Lender; (iii) reduce any percentage specified in the definition of Required Lenders, consent to the assignment or transfer by the Borrower of any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, release all or substantially all of the Collateral under the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement or the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement or release any of the Guarantors (or amend or modify the definitions of “Guarantor” or “Material Subsidiary” whereby such amendment or modification would result in the release of any of the Guarantors) from their obligations under the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, in each case without the written consent of all Lenders or as otherwise expressly permitted hereunder; (iv) amend, modify or waive any provisions in Section 2.11 (a), (b) and (c) without the written consent of each Lender adversely affected thereby; or (v) amend, modify or waive any provision of Section 8 without the written consent of the Administrative Agent. Any such waiver and any such amendment, supplement or modification shall apply equally to each of the Lenders and shall be binding upon the Loan Parties, the Lenders, the Administrative Agent and all future holders of the Loans. In the case of any waiver, the Loan Parties, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent shall be restored to their former position and rights hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, and any Default or Event of Default waived shall be deemed to be cured and not continuing; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default, or impair any right consequent thereon.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be amended (or amended and restated) with the written consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower (a) to add one or more additional credit facilities to this Agreement and to permit the extensions of credit from time to time outstanding thereunder and the accrued interest and fees in respect thereof to share ratably in the benefits of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents with the Revolving Loans and the accrued interest and fees in respect thereof and (b) to include appropriately the Lenders holding such credit facilities in any determination of the Required Lenders.

 

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9.2       Notices. All notices, requests and demands to or upon the respective parties hereto to be effective shall be in writing (including by telecopy), and, unless otherwise expressly provided herein, shall be deemed to have been duly given or made when delivered, or five Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, or, in the case of telecopy notice, when received, addressed as follows in the case of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and as set forth in an administrative questionnaire delivered to the Administrative Agent in the case of the Lenders, or to such other address as may be hereafter notified by the respective parties hereto:

 

 

Borrower:

 

Interactive Brokers Group LLC

 

 

Two Pickwick Plaza

 

 

Greenwich, CT 06830

 

 

Attention: Alexander M. Ioffe and Paul J. Brody

 

 

Telecopy: 203-618-5835

 

 

Telephone: 203-618-5870

 

 

 

Administrative Agent:

 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

 

 

1111 Fannin Street, Floor 10

 

 

Houston, TX 77002

 

 

Attention: Heba Ahmad

 

 

Telecopy: 713-750-2223

 

 

Telephone: 713-750-3512

provided that any notice, request or demand to or upon the Administrative Agent or the Lenders shall not be effective until received.

 

Notices and other communications to the Lenders hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by the Administrative Agent; provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices pursuant to Section 2 unless otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent and the applicable Lender. The Administrative Agent or the Borrower may, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it; provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications.

 

9.3       No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies. No failure to exercise and no delay in exercising, on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or under the other Loan Documents shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law.

 

9.4       Survival of Representations and Warranties. All representations and warranties made hereunder, in the other Loan Documents and in any document, certificate or statement delivered pursuant hereto or in connection herewith shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the making of the Loans and other extensions of credit hereunder.

 

9.5       Payment of Expenses and Taxes. The Borrower agrees (a) to pay or reimburse the Administrative Agent, the Syndication Agent and the Co-Syndication Agents for all of their respective reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred in connection with the development, preparation

 

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and execution of, and any amendment, supplement or modification to, this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and any other documents prepared in connection herewith or therewith, and the consummation and administration of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the reasonable fees and disbursements of one counsel to the Administrative Agent, the Syndication Agent and the Co-Syndication Agents and filing and recording fees and expenses, with statements with respect to the foregoing to be submitted to the Borrower prior to the Closing Date (in the case of amounts to be paid on the Closing Date) and from time to time thereafter on a quarterly basis or such other periodic basis as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably deem appropriate, (b) to pay or reimburse each Lender and the Administrative Agent for all their reasonable costs and expenses incurred in connection with the enforcement or preservation of any rights under this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and any such other documents, including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to each Lender and of counsel to the Administrative Agent, (c) to pay, indemnify, and hold each Lender and the Administrative Agent harmless from, any and all recording and filing fees and any and all liabilities with respect to, or resulting from any delay in paying, stamp, excise and other taxes, if any, that may be payable or determined to be payable in connection with the execution and delivery of, or consummation or administration of any of the transactions contemplated by, or any amendment, supplement or modification of, or any waiver or consent under or in respect of, this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and any such other documents, and (d) to pay, indemnify, and hold each Lender, the Administrative Agent, the Syndication Agent and the Co-Syndication Agents and their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates, representatives, agents and controlling persons (each, an “Indemnitee”) harmless from and against any and all other liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, investigations, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever with respect to the execution, delivery, enforcement, performance and administration of this Agreement, the other Loan Documents and any such other documents, including any of the foregoing relating to the use of proceeds of the Loans, any settlement entered into in connection with the foregoing to the extent such settlement has been consented to by the Borrower (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld) or the violation of, noncompliance with or liability under, any Environmental Law applicable to the operations of any Group Member or any of the Properties and the reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel in connection with claims, actions or proceedings by any Indemnitee against any Loan Party under any Loan Document (all the foregoing in this clause (d), collectively, the “Indemnified Liabilities”), regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto, provided, that the Borrower shall have no obligation hereunder to any Indemnitee with respect to Indemnified Liabilities to the extent such Indemnified Liabilities are found by a final and nonappealable decision of a court of competent jurisdiction to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee. Without limiting the foregoing, and to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Borrower agrees not to assert and to cause its Subsidiaries not to assert, and hereby waives and agrees to cause its Subsidiaries to waive, all rights for contribution or any other rights of recovery with respect to all claims, demands, penalties, fines, liabilities, settlements, damages, costs and expenses of whatever kind or nature, under or related to Environmental Laws, that any of them might have by statute or otherwise against any Indemnitee, to the extent such rights relate to this Credit Agreement or the borrower/lender relationship established hereunder. All amounts due under this Section 9.5 shall be payable not later than 30 days after written demand therefor. Statements payable by the Borrower pursuant to this Section 9.5 shall be submitted to Alexander Ioffe (Telephone No. 203-618-5870) (Telecopy No. 203-618-5835), at the address of the Borrower set forth in Section 9.2, or to such other Person or address as may be hereafter designated by the Borrower in a written notice to the Administrative Agent. The agreements in this Section 9.5 shall survive repayment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.

 

9.6       Successors and Assigns: Participations and Assignments. (a) The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that (i) the Borrower may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Lender (and any

 

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attempted assignment or transfer by the Borrower without such consent shall be null and void) and (ii) no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer its rights or obligations hereunder except in accordance with this Section.

 

(b)(i) Subject to the conditions set forth in paragraph (b)(ii) below, any Lender may assign to one or more assignees (each, an “Assignee”) all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Revolving Commitments and the Loans at the time owing to it) with the prior written consent of:

 

(A) the Borrower (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld), provided that no consent of the Borrower shall be required for an assignment to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender, an Approved Fund (as defined below) or, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, any other Person; and

 

(B) the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld), provided that no consent of the Administrative Agent shall be required for an assignment to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund.

 

(ii) Assignments shall be subject to the following additional conditions:

 

(A) except in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund or an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender’s Revolving Commitments or Loans, the amount of the Revolving Commitments or Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment (determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent) shall not be less than $5.0 million unless each of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent otherwise consent, provided that (1) no such consent of the Borrower shall be required if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and (2) such amounts shall be aggregated in respect of each Lender and its affiliates or Approved Funds, if any;

 

(B) the parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption, together with a processing and recordation fee of $3,500; and

 

(C) the Assignee, if it shall not be a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an administrative questionnaire.

 

For the purposes of this Section 9.6, “Approved Fund” means any Person (other than a natural person) that is engaged in making, purchasing, holding or investing in bank loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its business and that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender.

 

(iii) Subject to acceptance and recording thereof pursuant to paragraph (b)(iv) below, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption the Assignee thereunder shall be a party hereto and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.10, 2.11, 2.12 and 9.5). Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply

 

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with this Section 9.6 shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with paragraph (c) of this Section.

 

(iv) The Administrative Agent, acting for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at one of its offices a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Revolving Commitments of, and principal amount of the Loans owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender, at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.

 

(v) Upon its receipt of a duly completed Assignment and Assumption executed by an assigning Lender and an Assignee, the Assignee’s completed administrative questionnaire (unless the Assignee shall already be a Lender hereunder), the processing and recordation fee referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section and any written consent to such assignment required by paragraph (b) of this Section, the Administrative Agent shall accept such Assignment and Assumption and record the information contained therein in the Register. No assignment shall be effective for purposes of this Agreement unless it has been recorded in the Register as provided in this paragraph.

 

(c)(i) Any Lender may, without the consent of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, sell participations to one or more banks or other entities (a “Participant”) in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Revolving Commitments and the Loans owing to it); provided that (A) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (B) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (C) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the other Lenders shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement. Any agreement pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, modification or waiver that (1) requires the consent of each Lender directly affected thereby pursuant to the proviso to the second sentence of Section 9.1 and (2) directly affects such Participant. Subject to paragraph (c)(ii) of this Section, the Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.10, 2.11 and 2.12 to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section. To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 9.7(b) as though it were a Lender, provided such Participant shall be subject to Section 9.7(a) as though it were a Lender.

 

(ii) A Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 2.12 or 2.13 than the applicable Lender would have been entitled to receive with respect to the participation sold to such Participant, unless the sale of the participation to such Participant is made with the Borrower’s prior written consent. Any Participant that is a Non-U.S. Lender shall not be entitled to the benefits of Section 2.13 unless such Participant complies with Section 2.13(d).

 

(d) Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank, and this Section shall not apply to any such pledge or assignment of a security interest; provided that no such pledge or assignment of a security

 

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interest shall release a Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or Assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.

 

(e) The Borrower, upon receipt of written notice from the relevant Lender, agrees to issue Notes to any Lender requiring Notes to facilitate transactions of the type described in paragraph (d) above.

 

(f) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Conduit Lender may assign any or all of the Loans it may have funded hereunder to its designating Lender without the consent of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent and without regard to the limitations set forth in Section 9.6(b). Each of the Borrower, each Lender and the Administrative Agent hereby confirms that it will not institute against a Conduit Lender or join any other Person in instituting against a Conduit Lender any bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceeding under any state bankruptcy or similar law, for one year and one day after the payment in full of the latest maturing commercial paper note issued by such Conduit Lender; provided, however, that each Lender designating any Conduit Lender hereby agrees to indemnify, save and hold harmless each other party hereto for any loss, cost, damage or expense arising out of its inability to institute such a proceeding against such Conduit Lender during such period of forbearance.

 

9.7       Adjustments; Set-off. (a) Except to the extent that this Agreement expressly provides for payments to be allocated to a particular Lender, if any Lender (a “Benefitted Lender”) shall receive any payment of all or part of the Obligations owing to it, or receive any collateral in respect thereof (whether voluntarily or involuntarily, by set-off, pursuant to events or proceedings of the nature referred to in Section 8(f), or otherwise), in a greater proportion than any such payment to or collateral received by any other Lender, if any, in respect of the Obligations owing to such other Lender, such Benefitted Lender shall purchase for cash from the other Lenders a participating interest in such portion of the Obligations owing to each such other Lender, or shall provide such other Lenders with the benefits of any such collateral, as shall be necessary to cause such Benefitted Lender to share the excess payment or benefits of such collateral ratably with each of the Lenders; provided, however, that if all or any portion of such excess payment or benefits is thereafter recovered from such Benefitted Lender, such purchase shall be rescinded, and the purchase price and benefits returned, to the extent of such recovery, but without interest.

 

(b) In addition to any rights and remedies of the Lenders provided by law, each Lender shall have the right, without prior notice to the Borrower, any such notice being expressly waived by the Borrower to the extent permitted by applicable law, upon any amount becoming due and payable by the Borrower hereunder (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise), to set off and appropriate and apply against such amount any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final), in any currency, and any other credits, indebtedness or claims, in any currency, in each case whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, at any time held or owing by such Lender or any branch or agency thereof to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower, as the case may be. Each Lender agrees promptly to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent after any such setoff and application made by such Lender, provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application.

 

9.8       Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by one or more of the parties to this Agreement on any number of separate counterparts, and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof. A set of the copies of this Agreement signed by all the parties shall be lodged with the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.

 

53



 

9.9       Severability. Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

 

9.10     Integration. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents represent the entire agreement of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and there are no promises, undertakings, representations or warranties by the Administrative Agent or any Lender relative to the subject matter hereof not expressly set forth or referred to herein or in the other Loan Documents.

 

9.11     GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

9.12     Submission To Jurisdiction; Waivers. The Borrower hereby irrevocably and unconditionally:

 

(a) submits for itself and its property in any legal action or proceeding relating to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party, or for recognition and enforcement of any judgment in respect thereof, to the non-exclusive general jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York, the courts of the United States for the Southern District of New York, and appellate courts from any thereof;

 

(b) consents that any such action or proceeding may be brought in such courts and waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such action or proceeding in any such court or that such action or proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agrees not to plead or claim the same;

 

(c) agrees that service of process in any such action or proceeding may be effected by mailing a copy thereof by registered or certified mail (or any substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, to the Borrower, as the case may be at its address set forth in Section 9.2 or at such other address of which the Administrative Agent shall have been notified pursuant thereto;

 

(d) agrees that nothing herein shall affect the right to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right to sue in any other jurisdiction; and

 

(e) waives, to the maximum extent not prohibited by law, any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action or proceeding referred to in this Section any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages.

 

9.13     Acknowledgements. The Borrower hereby acknowledges that:

 

(a) it has been advised by counsel in the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents;

 

(b) neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender has any fiduciary relationship with or duty to the Borrower arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, and the relationship between Administrative Agent and Lenders, on one hand,

 

54



 

and the Borrower, on the other hand, in connection herewith or therewith is solely that of debtor and creditor; and

 

(c) no joint venture is created hereby or by the other Loan Documents or otherwise exists by virtue of the transactions contemplated hereby among the Lenders or among the Borrower and the Lenders.

 

9.14     Releases of Guarantees and Liens. (a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, the Administrative Agent is hereby irrevocably authorized by each Lender (without requirement of notice to or consent of any Lender except as expressly required by Section 9.1) to take any action requested by the Borrower having the effect of releasing any Collateral or guarantee obligations (i) to the extent necessary to permit consummation of any transaction not prohibited by any Loan Document or that has been consented to in accordance with Section 9.1 or (ii) under the circumstances described in paragraph (b) below.

 

(b) At such time as the Loans and the other obligations under the Loan Documents (other than obligations under or in respect of Swap Agreements) shall have been paid in full and the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the Collateral shall be released from the Liens created by the Security Documents, and the Security Documents and all obligations (other than those expressly stated to survive such termination) of the Administrative Agent and each Loan Party under the Security Documents shall terminate, all without delivery of any instrument or performance of any act by any Person.

 

9.15     Confidentiality. Each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender agrees to keep, and to cause its Affiliates to keep, confidential all non-public information provided to it by any Loan Party, the Administrative Agent or any Lender pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement that is designated by the provider thereof as confidential; provided that nothing herein shall prevent the Administrative Agent or any Lender from disclosing any such information (a) to the Administrative Agent, any other Lender, (b) subject to an agreement to comply with the provisions of this Section, to any actual or prospective Transferee or any direct or indirect counterparty to any Swap Agreement (or any professional advisor to such counterparty), (c) to its Affiliates, and its and its Affiliates, respective employees, directors, officers and agents, including accountants, legal counsel and other advisors or to any other Lender or Participant (it being understood that such disclosure will be made only to such Persons who have the need to know such information and only if the Persons to whom such disclosure is made are informed of the confidential nature of such Information, instructed to keep such information confidential and receive such information in connection with (i) their evaluation of the ability of the Borrower to repay the Loans and perform their other obligations under the Loan Documents, (ii) administering the Obligations under this Agreement, (iii) servicing the Borrowings hereunder, (iv) protecting their interests under this Agreement or (v) performing any similar function in connection with any other extension of credit by the Lenders to the Borrower or a Subsidiary (excluding any transaction in any public security of the Borrower or a Subsidiary), (d) upon the request or demand of any Governmental or Regulatory Authority, (e) in response to any order of any court or other Governmental or Regulatory Authority or as may otherwise be required pursuant to any Requirement of Law, (f) if requested or required to do so in connection with any litigation or similar proceeding, (g) that has been publicly disclosed other than as a result of a known breach of any requirement to keep such information confidential, (h) to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners or any similar organization or any nationally recognized rating agency that requires access to information about a Lender’s investment portfolio in connection with ratings issued with respect to such Lender, or (i) in connection with the exercise of any remedy hereunder or under any other Loan Document.

 

9.16     WAIVERS OF JURY TRIAL. THE BORROWER, THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND THE LENDERS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND

 

55



 

UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVE TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AND FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM THEREIN.

 

9.17     USA PATRIOT Act. Each Lender subject to the Act hereby notifies the Borrower that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (the “Act”), it is hereby required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Borrower, which information includes the name and address of the Borrower and other information that will allow such Lender to identify the Borrower in accordance with the Act.

 

56



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered by their proper and duly authorized officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Paul J. Brody

 

 

Name: Paul J. Brody

 

 

Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Administrative
Agent and as a Lender

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Robert Anastasio

 

 

Name: Robert Anastasio

 

 

Title: Vice President

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

 



 

 

HARRIS N.A., as Syndication Agent

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Linda Haven

 

 

Name: Linda Haven

 

 

Title: Managing Director

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

 



 

 

HARRIS NESBITT FINANCING INC., as a Lender

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Linda Haven

 

 

Name: Linda Haven

 

 

Title: Managing Director

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

 



 

 

CITIBANK, N.A., as Co-Syndication Agent and a
Lender

 

 

 

By:

/s/ William R. Mandaro

 

 

Name: William R. Mandaro

 

 

Title: Director

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

 



 

 

HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as
Co-Syndication Agent and a Lender

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Paul Lopez

 

 

Name: Paul Lopez

 

 

Title: Senior Vice President

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

 



 

 

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as a Lender

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Maryanne Fitzmaurice

 

 

Name: Maryanne Fitzmaurice

 

 

Title: Senior Vice President

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

 



 

 

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Heath Williams

 

 

Name: Heath Williams

 

 

Title: Assitant Vice President

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

 



 

 

WACHOVIA BANK, N.A., as a Lender

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Stephanie Cornell

 

 

Name: Stephanie Cornell

 

 

Title: Senior Vice President

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO CREDIT AGREEMENT

 



EX-10.2 5 a2174744zex-10_2.htm EXHIBIT 10.2

Exhibit 10.2

 

 

PLEDGE AND COLLATERAL AGENCY AGREEMENT

 

made by

 

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC

 

and certain of its Subsidiaries

 

in favor of

 

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as
Collateral Agent

 

Dated as of May 19, 2006

 

 



 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

SECTION 1.

DEFINED TERMS

 

1

 

 

 

 

1.1.

 Definitions

 

1

 

 

 

 

SECTION 2.

GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST

 

4

 

 

 

 

SECTION 3.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

4

 

 

 

 

3.1.

 Title; No Other Liens

 

4

3.2.

 Perfected First Priority Liens

 

4

3.3.

 Jurisdiction of Organization; Chief Executive Office

 

5

3.4.

 Pledged Stock

 

5

 

 

 

 

SECTION 4.

COVENANTS

 

5

 

 

 

 

4.1.

 Delivery of Instruments; Certificated Securities and Chattel Paper

 

5

4.2.

 Maintenance of Perfected Security Interest; Further Documentation

 

5

4.3.

 Changes in Name, etc.

 

6

4.4.

 Notices

 

6

4.5.

 Pledged Stock

 

6

 

 

 

 

SECTION 5.

REMEDIAL PROVISIONS

 

7

 

 

 

 

5.1.

 Pledged Stock

 

7

5.2.

 Proceeds to be Turned Over To Collateral Agent

 

8

5.3.

 Application of Proceeds

 

8

5.4.

 Code and Other Remedies

 

8

5.5.

 Registration Rights

 

9

5.6.

 Deficiency

 

10

 

 

 

 

SECTION 6.

THE COLLATERAL AGENT

 

10

 

 

 

 

6.1.

 Collateral Agent’s Appointment as Attorney-in-Fact, etc.

 

10

6.2.

 Duty of Collateral Agent

 

11

6.3.

 Execution of Financing Statements

 

12

6.4.

 Authority of Collateral Agent

 

12

 

 

 

 

SECTION 7.

MISCELLANEOUS

 

12

 

 

 

 

7.1.

 Amendments in Writing

 

12

7.2.

 Notices

 

12

7.3.

 No Waiver by Course of Conduct; Cumulative Remedies

 

13

7.4.

 Successors and Assigns

 

13

7.5.

 Counterparts

 

13

7.6.

 Severability

 

13

7.7.

 Section Headings

 

13

7.8.

 Integration

 

13

7.9.

 GOVERNING LAW

 

13

7.10.

 Submission To Jurisdiction; Waivers

 

13

 



 

7.11.

Acknowledgments

 

14

7.12.

Additional Grantors

 

14

7.13.

Releases

 

14

7.14.

Limitation on Collateral Agent’s Responsibilities with Respect to IBG Note Holders

 

15

7.15.

WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL

 

16

7.16.

Grantors

 

16

 

SCHEDULES

 

 

 

Schedule 1

Notice Addresses

Schedule 2

Pledged Stock

Schedule 3

Perfection Matters

Schedule 4

Jurisdictions of Organization and Chief Executive Offices

 

 

ANNEXES

 

 

 

Annex 1

Form of Acknowledgment and Consent

Annex 2

Form of Assumption Agreement

 



 

PLEDGE AND COLLATERAL AGENCY AGREEMENT

 

PLEDGE AND COLLATERAL AGENCY AGREEMENT, dated as of May 19, 2006, made by INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC (the “Borrower”) and each of the other signatories hereto (together with any other entity that may become a party hereto as provided herein, the “Grantors”), in favor of JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties (as hereinafter defined) (in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”), and JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Bank Agent (as hereunder defined).

 

W  I  T  N  E  S  S  E  T  H:

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Credit Agreement (as hereinafter defined) the Lenders (as hereinafter defined) have severally agreed to make extensions of credit to the Borrower upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein;

 

WHEREAS, the Borrower is a member of an affiliated group of companies that includes each other Grantor;

 

WHEREAS, the proceeds of the extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement will be used in part to enable the Borrower to make valuable transfers to one or more of the other Grantors in connection with the operation of their respective businesses;

 

WHEREAS, the Borrower and the other Grantors are engaged in related businesses, and each Grantor will derive substantial direct and indirect benefit from the making of the extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement;

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Offering Memorandum (as hereinafter defined), the Borrower will from time to time issue senior notes (the “IBG Notes”); and

 

WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the obligation of the Lenders to make their respective extensions of credit to the Borrower under the Credit Agreement that the Grantors shall have executed and delivered this Agreement to the Collateral Agent (as hereinafter defined) for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and to induce the Collateral Agent and the Lenders to enter into the Credit Agreement and to induce the Lenders to make their respective extensions of credit to the Borrower thereunder, each Grantor hereby agrees with the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties, as follows:

 

SECTION 1. DEFINED TERMS

 

1.1.      Definitions. (a) Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement and the following terms are used herein as defined in the Code (as hereinafter defined): Certificated Security, Chattel Paper and Instruments.

 

(b)       The following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

Agreement”: this Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement, as the same may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 



 

Bank Agent”: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., a New York banking corporation, in its capacity as administrative agent under the Credit Agreement.

 

Bank Collateral”: the collateral pledged pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement.

 

Borrower Obligations”: the collective reference to the unpaid principal of and interest on the Loans and all other obligations and liabilities of the Borrower (including, without limitation, interest accruing at the then applicable rate provided in the Credit Agreement after the maturity of the Loans and interest accruing at the then applicable rate provided in the Credit Agreement after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy, or the commencement of any insolvency, reorganization or like proceeding, relating to the Borrower, whether or not a claim for post-filing or post-petition interest is allowed in such proceeding) to the Bank Agent or any Lender (or, in the case of any Specified Swap Agreement, any Affiliate of any Lender), whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, or now existing or hereafter incurred, which may arise under the Credit Agreement, this Agreement, the other Loan Documents, any Specified Swap Agreement or any other document made, delivered or given in connection with any of the foregoing, in each case whether on account of principal, interest, reimbursement obligations, fees, indemnities, costs, expenses or otherwise (including, without limitation, all fees and disbursements of counsel to the Bank Agent or to the Lenders that are required to be paid by the Borrower pursuant to the terms of any of the foregoing agreements).

 

Capital Stock”: any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock of a corporation, any and all equivalent ownership interests in a Person (other than a corporation) and any and all warrants, rights or options to purchase any of the foregoing, except for debt securities convertible or exchangeable into such capital stock.

 

Code”: the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the State of New York.

 

Collateral”: as defined in Section 2.

 

Collateral Account”: any collateral account established by the Collateral Agent as provided in Section 5.2 or 5.3.

 

Collateral Agent”: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., a New York banking corporation, in its capacity as collateral agent hereunder.

 

Credit Agreement”: the Credit Agreement dated as of May 19, 2006, among the Borrower, the Lenders, Harris, N.A., as syndication agent, Citibank, N.A. and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, as co-syndication agents, and the Bank Agent, as the same may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

Event of Default”: either an Event of Default (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or an Event of Default (as defined in any IBG Note).

 

Foreign Subsidiary”: any Subsidiary organized under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the United States of America.

 

Foreign Subsidiary Voting Stock”: the voting Capital Stock of any Foreign Subsidiary.

 

2



 

IBG Note Holders”: the holders from time to time of the IBG Notes.

 

IBG Note Obligations”: the collective reference to the unpaid principal of and interest on the IBG Notes and all other obligations and liabilities of the Borrower to the IBG Note Holders under the IBG Notes, whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, or now existing or hereafter incurred, that may arise under the IBG Notes, whether on account of principal, interest, reimbursement obligations, fees, indemnities, costs, expenses or otherwise (including, without limitation, all fees and disbursements of counsel to the IBG Note Holders that are required to be paid by the Borrower pursuant to the terms of the IBG Notes or this Agreement.

 

Issuers”: the collective reference to each issuer of Pledged Stock that is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary that is a Material Subsidiary.

 

Lenders”: the holders from time to time of Borrower Obligations.

 

Obligations”: the collective reference to the Borrower Obligations and the IBG Note Obligations.

 

Offering Memorandum”: the Confidential Private Offering Memorandum, dated as of April 6, 2006, in respect of the IBG Notes, as the same may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

Pledged Stock”: the shares of Capital Stock of any Subsidiary listed on Schedule 2 required to be pledged hereunder, together with any other shares, stock certificates, options, interests or rights of any nature whatsoever in respect of the Capital Stock of any Subsidiary (other than any voting rights in respect of any broker-dealer) that may be issued or granted to, or held by, any Grantor while this Agreement is in effect; provided that in no event shall more than 65% of the total outstanding Foreign Subsidiary Voting Stock of any first tier Foreign Subsidiary of any Grantor be deemed to be pledged hereunder (and in no event shall any of the Capital Stock of any other Foreign Subsidiary of such Grantor be deemed to be pledged hereunder).

 

Proceeds”: all “proceeds” as such term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(64) of the Code and, in any event, shall include, without limitation, all dividends or other income from the Pledged Stock, collections thereon or distributions or payments with respect thereto.

 

Required Note Holders”: at any time, IBG Note Holders holding more than 50% of the IBG Notes then outstanding.

 

Secured Parties”: the collective reference to the Lenders, the Bank Agent, the Collateral Agent and the IBG Note Holders.

 

Securities Act”: the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

(c)       Other Definitional Provisions. (i) The words “hereof,” “herein,” “hereto” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, and Section and Schedule references are to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.

 

(ii)       The meanings given to terms defined herein shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of such terms.

 

3



 

(iii)      Where the context requires, terms relating to the Collateral or any part thereof, when used in relation to a Grantor, shall refer to such Grantor’s Collateral or the relevant part thereof.

 

SECTION 2. GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST

 

Each Grantor hereby assigns and transfers to the Collateral Agent, and hereby grants to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), a security interest in, all of the following property now owned or at any time hereafter acquired by such Grantor or in which such Grantor now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title or interest (collectively, the “Collateral”), as collateral security for the prompt and complete payment and performance when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of the Obligations:

 

(a)       all Pledged Stock;

 

(b)       to the extent not otherwise included, all Proceeds and products of any and all of the Pledged Stock;

 

provided, however, that notwithstanding any of the other provisions set forth in this Section 2, this Agreement shall not constitute a grant of a security interest in any property to the extent that such grant of a security interest is prohibited by any Requirements of Law of a Governmental Authority, requires a consent not obtained (after the commercially reasonable efforts of the relevant Grantor) of any Governmental Authority pursuant to such Requirement of Law or is prohibited by, or constitutes a breach or default under or results in the termination of or requires any consent not obtained (after the commercially reasonable efforts of the relevant Grantor) under, any contract, license, agreement, instrument or other document evidencing or giving rise to such property or any applicable shareholder or similar agreement, except to the extent that such Requirement of Law or the term in such contract, license, agreement, instrument or other document or shareholder or similar agreement providing for such prohibition, breach, default or termination or requiring such consent is ineffective under applicable law.

 

SECTION 3. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

To induce the Collateral Agent and the Lenders to enter into the Credit Agreement and to induce the Lenders to make their respective extensions of credit to the Borrower thereunder, each Grantor hereby represents and warrants to the Collateral Agent and each Secured Party that:

 

3.1.      Title; No Other Liens. Except for the security interest granted to the Collateral Agent for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders) pursuant to this Agreement and the other Liens permitted to exist on the Collateral by the Credit Agreement, such Grantor owns each item of the Collateral free and clear of any and all Liens or claims of others. No Grantor has filed, consented to or authorized the filing of any financing statement or other public notice with respect to all or any part of the Collateral in any public office, except such as have been filed in favor of the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), pursuant to this Agreement or as are permitted by the Credit Agreement.

 

3.2.      Perfected First Priority Liens. When financing statements and the other filings specified on Schedule 3 in appropriate form are filed in the offices specified in Schedule 3 and the Pledged Stock been delivered to the Collateral Agent, as required (assuming continued possession by the Collateral Agent of such certificates and that such certificates are located in the United States), this

 

4



 

Agreement will be effective to create, in favor of the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Secured Parties (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), a valid and perfected security interest under the Code in all of the respective right, title and interest of each Grantor in, to and under the Collateral, as collateral security for payment of the Obligations to the extent perfection can be achieved by filing Uniform Commercial Code financing statements and delivering Pledged Stock and such security interest will be prior to all other Liens on the Collateral in existence on the date hereof except for Liens permitted by the Credit Agreement.

 

3.3.      Jurisdiction of Organization; Chief Executive Office. On the date hereof, such Grantor’s jurisdiction of organization, identification number from the jurisdiction of organization (if any), and the location of such Grantor’s chief executive office or sole place of business or principal residence, as the case may be, are specified on Schedule 4. Such Grantor has furnished to the Collateral Agent a certified charter, certificate of incorporation or other organization document and long-form good standing certificate as of a date which is recent to the date hereof.

 

3.4.      Pledged Stock. (a) The shares of Pledged Stock pledged by such Grantor hereunder constitute all the issued and outstanding shares of all classes of the Capital Stock of each Issuer owned by such Grantor or, in the case of Foreign Subsidiary Voting Stock 65% of the outstanding Foreign Subsidiary Voting Stock of each relevant Issuer.

 

(b)       All the shares of the Pledged Stock have been duly and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable.

 

(c)       Such Grantor is the record and beneficial owner of, and has good and marketable title to, the Pledged Stock, free of any and all Liens or options in favor of, or claims of, any other Person, except the security interest created by this Agreement and Liens permitted by the Credit Agreement.

 

SECTION 4. COVENANTS

 

Each Grantor covenants and agrees with the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties that, from and after the date of this Agreement until the Obligations shall have been paid in full and the Revolving Commitments shall have terminated:

 

4.1.      Delivery of Instruments: Certificated Securities and Chattel Paper. If any amount payable under or in connection with any of the Collateral shall be or become evidenced by any Instrument, Certificated Security or Chattel Paper, such Instrument, Certificated Security or Chattel Paper shall be immediately delivered to the Collateral Agent, duly indorsed in a manner satisfactory to the Collateral Agent, to be held as Collateral pursuant to this Agreement.

 

4.2.      Maintenance of Perfected Security Interest: Further Documentation. (a) Such Grantor shall maintain the security interest in the Collateral created by this Agreement as a perfected security interest having at least the priority described in Section 4.2 with respect to the Collateral and shall defend such security interest against the claims and demands of all Persons whomsoever, subject to the rights of such Grantor under the Loan Documents to dispose of the Collateral.

 

(b)       Such Grantor will furnish to the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties from time to time statements and schedules further identifying and describing the assets and property of such Grantor and such other reports in connection therewith as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail.

 

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(c)       At any time and from time to time, upon the written request of the Collateral Agent, and at the sole expense of such Grantor, such Grantor will promptly and duly execute and deliver, and have recorded, such additional financing or continuation statements (or other filings as reasonably necessary) and deliver any additional Pledged Stock or take such further actions as necessary to enable the Collateral Agent to obtain “control” (within the meaning of the applicable Uniform Commercial Code) with respect to the Pledged Stock, as required, as the Collateral Agent may reasonably request for the purpose of obtaining or preserving the full benefits of this Agreement and of the rights and powers herein granted.

 

4.3.      Changes in Name, etc. Such Grantor will not, except upon 15 days’ prior written notice to the Collateral Agent and delivery to the Collateral Agent of all additional executed financing statements and other documents reasonably requested by the Collateral Agent to maintain the validity, perfection and priority of the security interests provided for herein, (i) change its jurisdiction of organization or the location of its chief executive office or sole place of business or principal residence from that referred to in Section 3.3 or (ii) change its name.

 

4.4.      Notices. Such Grantor will advise the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties promptly, in reasonable detail, of the occurrence of any event set forth in Section 5.7(d) of the Credit Agreement.

 

4.5.      Pledged Stock. (a) If such Grantor shall become entitled to receive or shall receive, pursuant to Section 5.8 of the Credit Agreement, any certificate, option or rights in respect of the Capital Stock of any Issuer, whether in addition to, in substitution of, as a conversion of, or in exchange for, any shares of the Pledged Stock, or otherwise in respect thereof, such Grantor shall accept the same as the agent of the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties, hold the same in trust for the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties and deliver the same forthwith to the Collateral Agent in the exact form received, duly indorsed by such Grantor to the Collateral Agent, if required, together with an undated stock power covering such certificate duly executed in blank by such Grantor and with, if the Collateral Agent so requests, signature guaranteed, to be held by the Collateral Agent, subject to the terms hereof, as additional collateral security for the Obligations. Subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, any sums paid upon or in respect of the Pledged Stock upon any liquidation or dissolution which is not permitted under the Credit Agreement of any Issuer shall be paid over to the Collateral Agent to be held by it hereunder as additional collateral security for the Obligations, and in case any distribution of capital which is not permitted under the Credit Agreement shall be made on or in respect of the Pledged Stock or any property shall be distributed upon or with respect to the Pledged Stock pursuant to the recapitalization or reclassification of the capital of any Issuer or pursuant to the reorganization thereof which in any such case is not permitted under the Credit Agreement, the property so distributed shall, unless otherwise subject to a perfected security interest in favor of the Collateral Agent, be delivered to the Collateral Agent to be held by it hereunder as additional collateral security for the Obligations. If any sums of money or property so paid or distributed in respect of the Pledged Stock which is required by this Section 4.5 to be paid or delivered over to the Collateral Agent shall be received by such Grantor, such Grantor shall, until such money or property is paid or delivered to the Collateral Agent, hold such money or property in trust for the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties, segregated from other funds of such Grantor, as additional collateral security for the Obligations.

 

(b)       In the case of each Grantor which is an Issuer, such Issuer agrees that (i) it will be bound by the terms of this Agreement relating to the Pledged Stock issued by it and will comply with such terms insofar as such terms are applicable to it and (ii) the terms of Sections 5.1(c) and 5.5 shall apply to it, mutatis mutandis, with respect to all actions that may be required of it pursuant to Section 5.1(c) or 5.5 with respect to the Pledged Stock issued by it.

 

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SECTION 5. REMEDIAL PROVISIONS

 

5.1.      Pledged Stock. (a) Unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and the Collateral Agent shall have given notice to the relevant Grantor of the Collateral Agent’s intent to exercise its corresponding rights pursuant to Section 6.3(b), each Grantor shall be permitted to receive all cash dividends paid in respect of the Pledged Stock paid in the normal course of business of the relevant Issuer and consistent with past practice, to the extent permitted in the Credit Agreement, and to exercise all voting and corporate or other organizational rights with respect to the Pledged Stock; provided, however, that no vote shall be cast or corporate or other organizational right exercised or other action taken which, in the Collateral Agent’s reasonable judgment, would impair the Collateral or which would constitute or result in a Default or Event of Default under the Credit Agreement, this Agreement or any other Loan Document.

 

(b)       If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing and the Collateral Agent shall have given three Business Days notice of its intent to exercise such rights to the relevant Grantor or Grantors, (i) the Collateral Agent shall have the right to receive any and all cash dividends or other Proceeds paid in respect of the Pledged Stock and make application thereof to the Obligations in such order as the Collateral Agent may determine, and (ii) any or all of the Pledged Stock shall be registered in the name of the Collateral Agent or its nominee, and the Collateral Agent or its nominee may thereafter exercise (x) all voting, corporate and other rights pertaining to such Pledged Stock at any meeting of shareholders of the relevant Issuer or Issuers or otherwise and (y) any and all rights of conversion, exchange and subscription and any other rights, privileges or options pertaining to such Pledged Stock as if it were the absolute owner thereof (including, without limitation, the right to exchange at its discretion any and all of the Pledged Stock upon the merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization or other fundamental change in the corporate or other organizational structure of any Issuer, or upon the exercise by any Grantor or the Collateral Agent of any right, privilege or option pertaining to such Pledged Stock, and in connection therewith, the right to deposit and deliver any and all of the Pledged Stock with any committee, depositary, transfer agent, registrar or other designated agency upon such terms and conditions as the Collateral Agent may determine), all without liability except to account for property actually received by it, but the Collateral Agent shall have no duty to any Grantor to exercise any such right, privilege or option and shall not be responsible for any failure to do so or delay in so doing.

 

(c)       Each Grantor hereby authorizes and instructs each Issuer of Pledged Stock pledged by such Grantor hereunder to (i) comply with any instruction received by it from the Collateral Agent in writing that (x) states that an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and (y) is otherwise in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, without any other or further instructions from such Grantor, and each Grantor agrees that each Issuer shall be fully protected in so complying, and (ii) unless otherwise expressly permitted hereby, pay any dividends or other payments with respect to the Pledged Stock directly to the Collateral Agent. The provisions of this paragraph (c) shall not apply in respect of any Issuer that is a Regulated Entity unless the Borrower, in its reasonable judgment, determines that such provisions would not have an adverse regulatory, financial or accounting effect on such Issuer, and the Borrower agrees to use its best efforts to make a determination as to whether such provisions would have such an effect reasonably promptly following the Closing Date or the date on which the Pledged Stock of such Issuer is pledged hereunder, as the case may be. The Borrower shall promptly notify the Collateral Agent of any such determination and if such determination is that such provisions would not have such an effect cause such Issuer to execute and deliver to the Collateral Agent an Acknowledgment and Consent in the form of Annex 1 attached hereto.

 

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5.2.      Proceeds to be Turned Over To Collateral Agent. If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, all Proceeds received by any Grantor consisting of cash, checks and other near- cash items shall be held by such Grantor in trust for the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties, segregated from other funds of such Grantor, and shall, forthwith upon receipt by such Grantor, be turned over to the Collateral Agent in the exact form received by such Grantor (duly indorsed by such Grantor to the Collateral Agent, if required). All Proceeds received by the Collateral Agent hereunder shall be held by the Collateral Agent in a Collateral Account maintained under its sole dominion and control. All Proceeds while held by the Collateral Agent in a Collateral Account (or by such Grantor in trust for the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties) shall continue to be held as collateral security for all the Obligations and shall not constitute payment thereof until applied as provided in Section 5.3.

 

5.3.      Application of Proceeds. (a) At such intervals as may be agreed upon by the Borrower and the Collateral Agent, or, if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, at any time at the Collateral Agent’s election, the Collateral Agent may apply all or any part of Proceeds constituting Collateral, whether or not held in any Collateral Account in payment of the Obligations in the following order:

 

First, to all reasonable costs and expenses of every kind incurred in respect thereof or incidental to the care or safekeeping of any of the Collateral or in any way relating to the Collateral or the rights of the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties hereunder, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements of counsel to the Collateral Agent;

 

Second, to the Collateral Agent, for application by it towards payment of amounts then due and owing and remaining unpaid in respect of the Obligations, pro rata among the Secured Parties according to the amounts of the Obligations then due and owing and remaining unpaid to the Secured Parties;

 

Third, to the Collateral Agent, for application by it towards prepayment of the Obligations, pro rata among the Secured Parties according to the amounts of the Obligations then held by the Secured Parties; and

 

Fourth, any balance remaining after the Obligations shall have been paid in full and the Revolving Commitments shall have terminated shall be paid over to the Borrower or to whomsoever may be lawfully entitled to receive the same.

 

(b)       For purposes of making the allocations specified in Section 5.3(a) in respect of IBG Note Obligations, the Collateral Agent shall rely upon information provided to it by the Borrower. All payments to the IBG Note Holders hereunder shall be made to an account notified to the Collateral Agent by the Borrower.

 

5.4.      Code and Other Remedies. If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Collateral Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, may exercise, in addition to all other rights and remedies granted to them in this Agreement and in any other instrument or agreement securing, evidencing or relating to the Obligations, all rights and remedies of a secured party under the Code or any other applicable law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Collateral Agent, without demand of performance or other demand, presentment, protest, advertisement or notice of any kind (except any notice required by law referred to below) to or upon any Grantor or any other Person (all and each of which demands, defenses, advertisements and notices are hereby waived), may in such circumstances forthwith collect, receive, appropriate and realize upon the Collateral, or any part thereof, and/or may forthwith sell, lease, assign, give option or options to purchase, or otherwise dispose of and

 

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deliver the Collateral or any part thereof (or contract to do any of the foregoing), in one or more parcels at public or private sale or sales, at any exchange, broker’s board or office of the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party or elsewhere upon such terms and conditions as it may deem advisable and at such prices as it may deem best, for cash or on credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk. The Collateral Agent or any Secured Party shall have the right upon any such public sale or sales, and, to the extent permitted by law, upon any such private sale or sales, to purchase the whole or any part of the Collateral so sold, free of any right or equity of redemption in any Grantor, which right or equity is hereby waived and released. Each Grantor further agrees, at the Collateral Agent’s request, to assemble the Collateral and make it available to the Collateral Agent at places which the Collateral Agent shall reasonably select, whether at such Grantor’s premises or elsewhere. The Collateral Agent shall apply the net proceeds of any action taken by it pursuant to this Section 5.4, after deducting all reasonable costs and expenses of every kind incurred in connection therewith or incidental to the care or safekeeping of any of the Collateral or in any way relating to the Collateral or the rights of the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties hereunder, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements, to the payment in whole or in part of the Obligations, in such order as the Collateral Agent may elect, and only after such application and after the payment by the Collateral Agent of any other amount required by any provision of law, including, without limitation, Section 9-615(a)(3) of the Code, need the Collateral Agent account for the surplus, if any, to any Grantor. To the extent permitted by applicable law, each Grantor waives all claims, damages and demands it may acquire against the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party arising out of the exercise by them of any rights hereunder. If any notice of a proposed sale or other disposition of Collateral shall be required by law, such notice shall be deemed reasonable and proper if given at least 10 days before such sale or other disposition.

 

5.5.      Registration Rights. (a) If the Collateral Agent shall determine to exercise its right to sell any or all of the Pledged Stock pursuant to Section 5.4, and if in the reasonable opinion of the Collateral Agent it is necessary or advisable to have the Pledged Stock, or that portion to be sold, registered under the provisions of the Securities Act, the relevant Grantor will cause the Issuer thereof to (i) execute and deliver, and cause the directors and officers of such Issuer to execute and deliver, all such instruments and documents, and do or cause to be done all such other acts as may be, in the reasonable opinion of the Collateral Agent, necessary or advisable to register the Pledged Stock, or that portion thereof to be sold, under the provisions of the Securities Act, (ii) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the registration statement relating thereto to become effective and to remain effective for only so long as is necessary to permit the sale and distribution of the Pledged Stock, or that portion thereof to be sold, not to exceed a period of one year from the date of the first public offering of the Pledged Stock, or that portion thereof to be sold, and (iii) make all amendments thereto and/or to the related prospectus which, in the opinion of the Collateral Agent, are necessary or advisable, all in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable thereto. Each Grantor agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Issuer to comply with the provisions of the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of any and all jurisdictions which the Collateral Agent shall designate and to make available to its security holders, as soon as practicable, an earnings statement (which need not be audited) which will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act.

 

(b)       Each Grantor recognizes that the Collateral Agent may be unable to effect a public sale of any or all the Pledged Stock, by reason of certain prohibitions contained in the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws or otherwise, and may be compelled to resort to one or more private sales thereof to a restricted group of purchasers which will be obliged to agree, among other things, to acquire such securities for their own account for investment and not with a view to the distribution or resale thereof. Each Grantor acknowledges and agrees that any such private sale may result in prices and other terms less favorable than if such sale were a public sale and, notwithstanding such circumstances, agrees that any such a private sale shall be deemed to have been made in a

 

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commercially reasonable manner. The Collateral Agent shall be under no obligation to delay a sale of any of the Pledged Stock for the period of time necessary to permit the Issuer thereof to register such securities for public sale under the Securities Act, or under applicable state securities laws, even if such Issuer would agree to do so.

 

(c)       Each Grantor agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to do or cause to be done all such other acts as may be necessary to make such sale or sales of all or any portion of the Pledged Stock pursuant to this Section 5.5 valid and binding and in compliance in all material respects with any and all other applicable Requirements of Law. Each Grantor further agrees that a material breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 5.5 will cause irreparable injury to the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties, that the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties have no adequate remedy at law in respect of such breach and, as a consequence, that each and every covenant contained in this Section 5.5 shall be specifically enforceable against such Grantor, and such Grantor hereby waives and agrees not to assert any defenses against an action for specific performance of such covenants except for a defense that no Event of Default has occurred under the Credit Agreement.

 

5.6.      Deficiency. Each Grantor shall remain liable for any deficiency if the proceeds of any sale or other disposition of the Collateral are insufficient to pay its Obligations and the fees and disbursements of any attorneys employed by the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party to collect such deficiency.

 

SECTION 6. THE COLLATERAL AGENT

 

6.1.      Collateral Agent’s Appointment as Attorney-in-Fact etc. (a) Each Grantor hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Collateral Agent and any officer or agent thereof, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable power and authority in the place and stead of such Grantor and in the name of such Grantor or in its own name, for the purpose of carrying out the terms of this Agreement, to take any and all appropriate action and to execute any and all documents and instruments which may be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor hereby gives the Collateral Agent the power and right, on behalf of such Grantor, without notice to or assent by such Grantor, to do any or all of the following:

 

(i)        in the name of such Grantor or its own name, or otherwise, take possession of and indorse and collect any checks, drafts, notes, acceptances or other instruments for the payment of moneys due with respect to the Collateral and file any claim or take any other action or proceeding in any court of law or equity or otherwise deemed appropriate by the Collateral Agent for the purpose of collecting any and all such moneys due with respect to the Collateral whenever payable;

 

(ii)       pay or discharge taxes and Liens levied or placed on or threatened against the Collateral, effect any repairs or any insurance called for by the terms of this Agreement and pay all or any part of the premiums therefor and the costs thereof;

 

(iii)      execute, in connection with any sale provided for in Section 5.4 or 5.5, any indorsements, assignments or other instruments of conveyance or transfer with respect to the Collateral; and

 

(iv)      (1) direct any party liable for any payment under any of the Collateral to make payment of any and all moneys due or to become due thereunder directly to the Collateral Agent or as the Collateral Agent shall direct; (2) ask or demand for, collect, and receive payment of and

 

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receipt for, any and all moneys, claims and other amounts due or to become due at any time in respect of or arising out of any Collateral; (3) commence and prosecute any suits, actions or proceedings at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction to collect the Collateral or any portion thereof and to enforce any other right in respect of any Collateral; (4) defend any suit, action or proceeding brought against such Grantor with respect to any Collateral; (5) settle, compromise or adjust any such suit, action or proceeding and, in connection therewith, give such discharges or releases as the Collateral Agent may deem appropriate; and (6) generally, sell, transfer, pledge and make any agreement with respect to or otherwise deal with any of the Collateral as fully and completely as though the Collateral Agent were the absolute owner thereof for all purposes, and do, at the Collateral Agent’s option and such Grantor’s expense, at any time, or from time to time, all acts and things which the Collateral Agent deems necessary to protect, preserve or realize upon the Collateral and the Collateral Agent’s and the Secured Parties’ security interests therein and to effect the intent of this Agreement, all as fully and effectively as such Grantor might do.

 

Anything in this Section 6.1(a) to the contrary notwithstanding, the Collateral Agent agrees that it will not exercise any rights under the power of attorney provided for in this Section 6.1(a) unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.

 

(b)       If any Grantor fails to perform or comply with any of its agreements contained herein, the Collateral Agent, at its option, but without any obligation so to do, may perform or comply, or otherwise cause performance or compliance, with such agreement.

 

(c)       The expenses of the Collateral Agent incurred in connection with actions undertaken as provided in this Section 6.1, together with interest thereon at a rate per annum equal to the highest rate per annum at which interest would then be payable on any category of past due ABR Loans under the Credit Agreement, from the date of payment by the Collateral Agent to the date reimbursed by the relevant Grantor, shall be payable by such Grantor to the Collateral Agent on demand.

 

(d)       Each Grantor hereby ratifies all that said attorneys shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. All powers, authorizations and agencies contained in this Agreement are coupled with an interest and are irrevocable until this Agreement is terminated and the security interests created hereby are released.

 

6.2.      Duty of Collateral Agent. The Bank Agent hereby appoints the Collateral Agent to act as collateral agent for the Lenders as set forth herein, and by its purchase of an IBG Note, each IBG Note Holder will be deemed to have appointed the Collateral Agent to act as collateral agent for the IBG Note Holders as set forth herein. Subject to the other provisions hereof, the Collateral Agent hereby acknowledges that it has accepted such appointment. The Collateral Agent’s sole duty with respect to the custody, safekeeping and physical preservation of the Collateral in its possession, under Section 9-207 of the Code or otherwise, shall be to deal with it in the same manner as the Collateral Agent deals with similar property for its own account. Neither the Collateral Agent, any Secured Party, any Affiliate of any Secured Party nor any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents shall be liable for failure to demand, collect or realize upon any of the Collateral or for any delay in doing so or shall be under any obligation to sell or otherwise dispose of any Collateral upon the request of any Grantor or any other Person or to take any other action whatsoever with regard to the Collateral or any part thereof. The powers conferred on the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties hereunder are solely to protect the Collateral Agent’s and the Secured Parties’ interests in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party to exercise any such powers. The Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties shall be accountable only for amounts that they actually receive as a result of the exercise of such powers, and neither they nor any of their officers, directors, employees or agents shall be

 

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responsible to the Grantors for any act or failure to act hereunder, except for their own gross negligence or willful misconduct. The parties hereto agree that the Collateral Agent, in its capacity as such, shall have all the benefits, rights and indemnification accorded the Bank Agent as set forth in Article VIII of the Credit Agreement to the same extent as if the provisions thereof were set forth herein mutatis mutandis (it being understood that nothing in this Agreement or any other Loan Document shall be deemed to obligate the IBG Note Holders to make payments on account of, or create any liability in respect of or recourse to them under, any such indemnification provisions, and the IBG Note Holders are not parties to any agreement providing any of the foregoing obligations, liabilities or recourse).

 

6.3.      Execution of Financing Statements. Pursuant to any applicable law, each Grantor authorizes the Collateral Agent to file or record financing statements and other filing or recording documents or instruments with respect to the Collateral without the signature of such Grantor in such form and in such offices as the Collateral Agent determines appropriate to perfect the security interests of the Collateral Agent under this Agreement. Each Grantor authorizes the Collateral Agent to use the collateral description “all personal property” in any such financing statements. Each Grantor hereby ratifies and authorizes the filing by the Collateral Agent of any financing statement with respect to the Collateral made prior to the date hereof.

 

6.4.      Authority of Collateral Agent. Each Grantor acknowledges that the rights and responsibilities of the Collateral Agent under this Agreement with respect to any action taken by the Collateral Agent or the exercise or non-exercise by the Collateral Agent of any option, voting right, request, judgment or other right or remedy provided for herein or resulting or arising out of this Agreement shall, as between the Collateral Agent and the Lenders, be governed by the Credit Agreement and by such other agreements with respect thereto as may exist from time to time among them, but, as between the Collateral Agent and the Grantors, the Collateral Agent shall be conclusively presumed to be acting as agent for the Secured Parties with full and valid authority so to act or refrain from acting, and the Grantors shall not be under any obligation, or entitlement, to make any inquiry respecting such authority.

 

SECTION 7. MISCELLANEOUS

 

7.1.      Amendments in Writing. None of the terms or provisions of this Agreement may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except in accordance with Section 9.1 of the Credit Agreement; provided that (A) in no event shall Section 5.3(a) hereof be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified without the consent of the Bank Agent and (B) no amendment (x) to Section 5.3 (a) or the definition of “Obligations” or “IBG Note Obligations” that changes, in a manner materially adverse to the interests of the IBG Note Holders, the pari passu application of payments between the IBG Note Obligations and the Bank Obligations as set forth therein or (y) this clause (B) shall become effective until the earlier of (1) the first date thereafter upon which no IBG Note Obligations are outstanding and (2) the date on which consent thereto of the IBG Note Holders so affected has been obtained (it being understood that neither changes to the amount or nature of the Bank Obligations, the addition of obligations to the definition of “Obligations”, nor the addition of or modification to items set forth in Section 5.3(a) other than clauses (ii) and (iii) thereof shall constitute a change subject to the foregoing effectiveness provision).

 

7.2.      Notices. All notices, requests and demands to or upon the Collateral Agent, the Bank Agent or any Grantor hereunder shall be effected in the manner provided for in Section 9.2 of the Credit Agreement; provided that any such notice, request or demand to or upon (i) any Grantor shall be addressed to such Grantor at its notice address set forth on Schedule 1 and (ii) the Collateral Agent or the

 

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Bank Agent shall be addressed to such party at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 1111 Fannin Street, Floor 10, Houston, TX 77002, Attention: Heba Ahmad (Telecopy: 713-750-2223; Telephone: 713-750-3512).

 

7.3.      No Waiver by Course of Conduct; Cumulative Remedies. Neither the Collateral Agent nor any Secured Party shall by any act (except by a written instrument pursuant to Section 7.1), delay, indulgence, omission or otherwise be deemed to have waived any right or remedy hereunder or to have acquiesced in any Default or Event of Default. No failure to exercise, nor any delay in exercising, on the part of the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof. No single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. A waiver by the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy which the Collateral Agent or such Secured Party would otherwise have on any future occasion. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative, may be exercised singly or concurrently and are not exclusive of any other rights or remedies provided by law.

 

7.4.      Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon the successors and assigns of each Grantor and shall inure to the benefit of the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties and their successors and assigns; provided that no Grantor may assign, transfer or delegate any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Collateral Agent.

 

7.5.      Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by one or more of the parties to this Agreement on any number of separate counterparts (including by telecopy), and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.

 

7.6.      Severability. Any provision of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

 

7.7.      Section Headings. The Section headings used in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to affect the construction hereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation hereof.

 

7.8.      Integration. This Agreement, the outstanding IBG Notes, the Offering Memorandum and the other Loan Documents to which the Grantors are party represent the agreement of the Grantors and the Secured Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and there are no promises, undertakings, representations or warranties by any Secured Party relative to the subject matter hereof and thereof not expressly set forth or referred to herein or therein.

 

7.9. GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

7.10.    Submission To Jurisdiction; Waivers. Each party to this Agreement hereby irrevocably and unconditionally:

 

(a)       submits for itself and its property in any legal action or proceeding relating to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party, or for recognition and enforcement of any judgment in respect thereof, to the non-exclusive general jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New

 

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York, the courts of the United States of America for the Southern District of New York, and appellate courts from any thereof;

 

(b)       consents that any such action or proceeding may be brought in such courts and waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such action or proceeding in any such court or that such action or proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agrees not to plead or claim the same;

 

(c)       agrees that service of process in any such action or proceeding may be effected by mailing a copy thereof by registered or certified mail (or any substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, to such Grantor at its address referred to in Section 7.2 or at such other address of which the Collateral Agent shall have been notified pursuant thereto;

 

(d)       agrees that nothing herein shall affect the right to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right to sue in any other jurisdiction; and

 

(e)       waives, to the maximum extent not prohibited by law, any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action or proceeding referred to in this Section any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages.

 

7.11.    Acknowledgments. Each Grantor hereby acknowledges that:

 

(a)       it has been advised by counsel in the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party;

 

(b)       neither the Collateral Agent nor any other Secured Party has any fiduciary relationship with or duty to any Grantor arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, and the relationship between the Grantors, on the one hand, and the Collateral Agent and the Secured Parties, on the other hand, in connection herewith or therewith is solely that of debtor and creditor; and

 

(c)       no joint venture is created hereby or by the other Loan Documents or otherwise exists by virtue of the transactions contemplated hereby among the Secured Parties or among the Grantors and the Secured Parties.

 

7.12.    Additional Grantors. Each Subsidiary of the Borrower that is required to become a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.8 of the Credit Agreement shall become a Grantor for all purposes of this Agreement upon execution and delivery by such Subsidiary of an Assumption Agreement in the form of Annex 2 hereto.

 

7.13.    Releases. (a) At such time as the Borrower Obligations (other than Borrower Obligations in respect of Specified Swap Agreements) and the IBG Note Obligations (to the extent that other indebtedness has been secured by the Pledged Stock on an equal and ratable basis under the IBG Notes) shall have been paid in full and the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the Collateral shall be released from the Liens created hereby, and this Agreement and all obligations (other than those expressly stated to survive such termination) of the Collateral Agent and each Grantor hereunder shall terminate, all without delivery of any instrument or performance of any act by any party, and all rights to the Collateral shall revert to the Grantors. Following any such termination, each Grantor is hereby authorized to file UCC termination statements without the signature of the Collateral Agent or any Secured Party. At the sole expense of any Grantor following any such termination, the Collateral Agent shall deliver to such Grantor, or to any other Person reasonably believed by the Collateral Agent to be

 

14



 

entitled thereto, any Collateral held by the Collateral Agent hereunder, and execute and deliver to such Grantor, or such other Person, such documents as such Grantor, or such other Person, shall reasonably request to evidence such termination.

 

(b)       If any of the Collateral shall be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by any Grantor in a transaction permitted by each of the Credit Agreement and the IBG Notes, then the Collateral Agent, at the request and sole expense of such Grantor, shall execute and deliver to such Grantor all releases or other documents reasonably necessary or desirable for the release of the Liens created hereby on such Collateral. At the request and sole expense of the Borrower, a Grantor shall be released from its obligations hereunder in the in the event that all the Capital Stock of such Grantor shall be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of in a transaction permitted by each of the Credit Agreement and the IBG Notes; provided that the Borrower shall have delivered to the Collateral Agent, at least ten days prior to the date of the proposed release, a written request for release identifying the relevant Grantor and the terms of the sale or other disposition in reasonable detail, including the price thereof and any expenses in connection therewith, together with a certification by the Borrower stating that such transaction is in compliance with each of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the IBG Notes.

 

7.14.    Limitation on Collateral Agent’s Responsibilities with Respect to IBG Note Holders, (a) The obligations of the Collateral Agent to the IBG Note Holders hereunder shall be limited solely to (i) holding the Collateral for the ratable benefit of the IBG Note Holders for so long as (A) any IBG Note Obligations remain outstanding and (B) any IBG Note Obligations are secured by such Collateral, (ii) subject to the instructions of the Required Lenders or the Required Note Holders, enforcing the rights of the IBG Note Holders in their capacities as Secured Parties in respect of Collateral and (iii) distributing any proceeds received by the Collateral Agent from the sale, collection or realization of the Collateral to the IBG Note Holders in respect of the IBG Note Obligations in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The IBG Note Holders shall not be entitled to exercise (or direct the Collateral Agent to exercise) any rights or remedies hereunder with respect to the IBG Note Obligations, including without limitation, the right to receive any payments, enforce their security interest in the Collateral, request any action, institute proceedings, give any instructions, make any election, make collections, sell or otherwise foreclose on any portion of the Collateral or execute any amendment, supplement, or acknowledgment hereof, except that the Required Note Holders may, upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default under any of the IBG Notes, direct the Collateral Agent to enforce the security interest in the Collateral or otherwise exercise its rights and remedies hereunder, provided that (x) the Collateral Agent shall be entitled to be, subject to Section 8.7 of the Credit Agreement, first indemnified and exculpated to its satisfaction by or on behalf of the IBG Note Holders before it is required to take any action to so enforce its security interest or otherwise exercise its rights and remedies and (y), in the event of a conflict between any direction received by it from the Required Lenders or on their behalf and any direction from the Required Note Holders, the Collateral Agent shall be entitled to take no action or to exercise its own judgment in its sole discretion after consulting with representatives thereof. This Agreement shall not create any liability of the Collateral Agent or the Lenders to the IBG Note Holders by reason of actions taken with respect to the creation, perfection or continuation of the security interest in the Collateral, actions with respect to the occurrence of an Event of Default, actions with respect to the foreclosure upon, sale, release, or depreciation of, or failure to realize upon, any of the Collateral or action with respect to the collection of any claim for all or any part of the IBG Note Obligations from any party or the valuation, use or protection of the Collateral. By acceptance of the benefits under this Agreement, the IBG Note Holders will be deemed to have acknowledged and agreed that the provisions of the preceding sentence are intended to induce the Lenders to permit such Persons to be Secured Parties under this Agreement and are being relied upon by the Lenders as consideration therefor.

 

(b)       The Collateral Agent shall not be required to ascertain or inquire as to the performance by the Borrower of the IBG Note Obligations.

 

15



 

(c)       The Collateral Agent may execute any of the powers granted under this Agreement and perform any duty hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys-in-fact, and shall not be responsible for the gross negligence or willful misconduct of any agents or attorneys-in-fact selected by it with reasonable care and without gross negligence or willful misconduct.

 

(d)       The Collateral Agent shall not be deemed to have actual, constructive, direct or indirect notice or knowledge of the occurrence of any Event of Default unless and until the Collateral Agent shall have received a notice of Event of Default or a notice from a Grantor or the Secured Parties to the Collateral Agent in its capacity as Collateral Agent indicating that an Event of Default has occurred. The Collateral Agent shall have no obligation either prior to or after receiving such notice to inquire whether an Event of Default has, in fact, occurred and shall be entitled to rely conclusively, and shall be fully protected in so relying, on any notice so furnished to it.

 

(e)       Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, nothing in this Agreement shall or shall be construed to (i) result in the security interest in the Collateral not securing the IBG Note Obligations less than equally and ratably with the Borrower Obligations pursuant to the Offering Memorandum to the extent required or (ii) modify or affect the rights of the IBG Note Holders to receive the pro  rata share specified in Section 5.3(a) of any proceeds of any collection or sale of the Collateral.

 

(f)        The parties hereto agree that the IBG Note Obligations and the Borrower Obligations are, and will be, equally and ratably secured with each other by the Liens on the Collateral, and that it is their intention to give full effect to the equal and ratable provisions of the Offering Memorandum, as in effect on the date hereof.

 

7.15.    WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH GRANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AND FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM THEREIN.

 

7.16.    Grantors. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, no Foreign Subsidiary or Excluded Regulated Subsidiary shall be deemed to be a Grantor hereunder.

 

16



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has caused this Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first above written.

 

 

 

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Paul J. Brody

 

 

 

Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,
as Collateral Agent and as Bank Agent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Robert Anastasio

 

 

 

Title: Vice President

 

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO PLEDGE AND COLLATERAL AGENCY AGREEMENT

 



EX-10.3 6 a2174744zex-10_3.htm EXHIBIT 10.3

Exhibit 10.3

 

 

GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT

 

made by

 

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC

 

and certain of its Subsidiaries

 

in favor of

 

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as
Administrative Agent

 

Dated as of May 19, 2006

 

 



 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

Page

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 1. DEFINED TERMS

 

 

1.1.

 

Definitions

 

1

1.2.

 

Other Definitional Provisions

 

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 2. GUARANTEE

 

 

2.1.

 

Guarantee

 

4

2.2.

 

Right of Contribution

 

5

2.3.

 

No Subrogation

 

5

2.4.

 

Amendments, etc. with respect to the Borrower Obligations

 

5

2.5.

 

Guarantee Absolute and Unconditional

 

6

2.6.

 

Reinstatement

 

6

2.7.

 

Payments

 

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 3. GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

 

4.1.

 

Title; No Other Liens

 

8

4.2.

 

Perfected First Priority Liens

 

8

4.3.

 

Jurisdiction of Organization; Chief Executive Office

 

8

4.4.

 

Farm Products

 

8

4.5.

 

Pledged Notes

 

9

4.6.

 

Receivables

 

9

4.7.

 

Intellectual Property

 

9

4.8.

 

Commercial Tort Claims

 

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 5. COVENANTS

 

 

5.1.

 

Delivery of Instruments, Certificated Securities and Chattel Paper

 

10

5.2.

 

Maintenance of Perfected Security Interest; Further Documentation

 

10

5.3.

 

Changes in Name, etc.

 

10

5 4.

 

Notices

 

10

5.5.

 

Pledged Notes

 

10

5.6.

 

Intellectual Property

 

11

5.7.

 

Commercial Tort Claims

 

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 6. REMEDIAL PROVISIONS

 

 

6.1.

 

Certain Matters Relating to Receivables

 

11

6.2.

 

Communications with Obligors; Grantors Remain Liable

 

12

6.3.

 

Pledged Notes

 

12

6.4

 

Proceeds to be Turned Over To Administrative Agent

 

13

6.5.

 

Application of Proceeds

 

13

 

ii



 

6.6.

 

Code and Other Remedies

 

14

6.7.

 

Deficiency

 

14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 7. THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT

 

 

7.1.

 

Administrative Agent’s Appointment as Attorney-in-Fact, etc.

 

15

7.2.

 

Duty of Administrative Agent

 

16

7.3.

 

Execution of Financing Statements

 

16

7.4.

 

Authority of Administrative Agent

 

16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SECTION 8. MISCELLANEOUS

 

 

8.1.

 

Amendments in Writing

 

17

8.2.

 

Notices

 

17

8.3.

 

No Waiver by Course of Conduct; Cumulative Remedies

 

17

8.4.

 

Enforcement Expenses; Indemnification

 

17

8.5.

 

Successors and Assigns

 

18

8.6.

 

Set-Off

 

18

8.7.

 

Counterparts

 

18

8.8.

 

Severability

 

18

8.9.

 

Section Headings

 

18

8.10

 

Integration

 

18

8.11.

 

GOVERNING LAW

 

19

8.12.

 

Submission To Jurisdiction; Waivers

 

19

8.13.

 

Acknowledgements

 

19

8.14.

 

Additional Grantors

 

19

8.15.

 

Releases

 

20

8.16.

 

WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL

 

20

8.17.

 

Grantors

 

20

 

SCHEDULES

 

 

 

Schedule 1

Notice Addresses

Schedule 2

Investment Property

Schedule 3

Perfection Matters

Schedule 4

Jurisdictions of Organization and Chief Executive Offices

Schedule 5

Intellectual Property

 

 

ANNEXES

 

 

 

Annex 1

Form of Acknowledgment and Consent

Annex 2

Form of Assumption Agreement

 

iii



 

GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT

 

GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT, dated as of May 19, 2006, made by each of the signatories hereto (together with any other entity that may become a party hereto as provided herein, the “Grantors”), in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”) for the banks and other financial institutions or entities (the “Lenders”) from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2006 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among Interactive Brokers Group LLC (the “Borrower”), the Lenders, Harris, N.A., as syndication agent (the “Syndication Agent”), Citibank, N.A. and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, as co-syndication agents, and the Administrative Agent.

 

W I T N E S S E T H:

 

WHEREAS, pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Lenders have severally agreed to make extensions of credit to the Borrower upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein;

 

WHEREAS, the Borrower is a member of an affiliated group of companies that includes each other Grantor;

 

WHEREAS, the proceeds of the extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement will be used in part to enable the Borrower to make valuable transfers to one or more of the other Grantors in connection with the operation of their respective businesses;

 

WHEREAS, the Borrower and the other Grantors are engaged in related businesses, and each Grantor will derive substantial direct and indirect benefit from the making of the extensions of credit under the Credit Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the obligation of the Lenders to make their respective extensions of credit to the Borrower under the Credit Agreement that the Grantors shall have executed and delivered this Agreement to the Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Lenders;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and to induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into the Credit Agreement and to induce the Lenders to make their respective extensions of credit to the Borrower thereunder, each Grantor hereby agrees with the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Lenders, as follows:

 

SECTION 1. DEFINED TERMS

 

1.1.      Definitions. (a) Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement, and the following terms are used herein as defined in the New York UCC: Accounts, Certificated Security, Chattel Paper, Commercial Tort Claims, Documents, Equipment, Farm Products, Fixtures, General Intangibles, Instruments, Inventory, Letter-of-Credit Rights and Supporting Obligations.

 

(b)       The following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

Agreement”: this Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, as the same may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 



 

Borrower Obligations”: the collective reference to the unpaid principal of and interest on the Loans and all other obligations and liabilities of the Borrower (including, without limitation, interest accruing at the then applicable rate provided in the Credit Agreement after the maturity of the Loans and interest accruing at the then applicable rate provided in the Credit Agreement after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy, or the commencement of any insolvency, reorganization or like proceeding, relating to the Borrower, whether or not a claim for post-filing or post-petition interest is allowed in such proceeding) to the Administrative Agent or any Lender (or, in the case of any Specified Swap Agreement, any Affiliate of any Lender), whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, or now existing or hereafter incurred, which may arise under the Credit Agreement, this Agreement, the other Loan Documents, any Specified Swap Agreement or any other document made, delivered or given in connection with any of the foregoing, in each case whether on account of principal, interest, reimbursement obligations, fees, indemnities, costs, expenses or otherwise (including, without limitation, all fees and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent or to the Lenders that are required to be paid by the Borrower pursuant to the terms of any of the foregoing agreements).

 

Capital Stock”: any and all shares, interests, participations or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock of a corporation, any and all equivalent ownership interests in a Person (other than a corporation) and any and all warrants, rights or options to purchase any of the foregoing, except for debt securities convertible or exchangeable into such capital stock.

 

Collateral”: as defined in Section 3.

 

Collateral Account”: any collateral account established by the Administrative Agent as provided in Section 6.1 or 6.4.

 

Copyrights”: (i) all copyrights arising under the laws of the United States, any other country or any political subdivision thereof, whether registered or unregistered and whether published or unpublished (including, without limitation, those listed in Schedule 5), all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications in connection therewith, including, without limitation, all registrations, recordings and applications in the United States Copyright Office, and (ii) the right to obtain all renewals thereof.

 

Copyright Licenses”: any written agreement naming any Grantor as licensor or licensee (including, without limitation, those listed in Schedule 5), granting any right under any Copyright, including, without limitation, the grant of rights to manufacture, distribute, exploit and sell materials derived from any Copyright.

 

Guarantor Obligations”: with respect to any Guarantor, all obligations and liabilities of such Guarantor which may arise under this Agreement (including, without limitation, Section 2) or any other Loan Document to which such Guarantor is a party, in each case whether on account of guarantee obligations, reimbursement obligations, fees, indemnities, costs, expenses or otherwise (including, without limitation, all fees and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent or to the Lenders that are required to be paid by such Guarantor pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other Loan Document).

 

Guarantors”: the collective reference to each Grantor (other than the Borrower).

 

Intellectual Property”: the collective reference to all rights, priorities and privileges relating to intellectual property, whether arising under United States, multinational or foreign laws or otherwise, including, without limitation, the Copyrights, the Copyright Licenses, the Patents, the Patent Licenses, the Trademarks and the Trademark Licenses, and all rights to sue at law or in equity for any

 

2



 

infringement or other impairment thereof, including the right to receive all proceeds and damages therefrom.

 

Intercompany Note”: any promissory note evidencing loans made by any Grantor to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

Investment Property”: the collective reference to (i) all “investment property” as such term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(49) of the New York UCC (other than any Shared Collateral) and (ii) whether or not constituting “investment property” as so defined, all Pledged Notes.

 

Issuers”: the collective reference to each issuer of any Investment Property that is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary that is a Material Subsidiary.

 

New York UCC”: the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the State of New York.

 

Obligations”: (i) in the case of the Borrower, the Borrower Obligations, and (ii) in the case of each Guarantor, its Guarantor Obligations.

 

Patents”: (i) all letters patent of the United States, any other country or any political subdivision thereof, all reissues and extensions thereof and all goodwill associated therewith, including, without limitation, any of the foregoing referred to in Schedule 5, (ii) all applications for letters patent of the United States or any other country and all divisions, continuations and continuations-in-part thereof, including, without limitation, any of the foregoing referred to in Schedule 5, and (iii) all rights to obtain any reissues or extensions of the foregoing.

 

Patent License”: all agreements, whether written or oral, providing for the grant by or to any Grantor of any right to manufacture, use or sell any invention covered in whole or in part by a Patent, including, without limitation, any of the foregoing referred to in Schedule 5.

 

Pledged Notes”: all promissory notes listed on Schedule 2 and all Intercompany Notes at any time issued to any Grantor.

 

Proceeds”: all “proceeds” as such term is defined in Section 9-102(a)(64) of the New York UCC and, in any event, shall include, without limitation, all dividends or other income from the Investment Property, collections thereon or distributions or payments with respect thereto.

 

Receivable”: any right to payment for goods sold or leased or for services rendered, whether or not such right is evidenced by an Instrument or Chattel Paper and whether or not it has been earned by performance (including, without limitation, any Account).

 

Securities Act”: the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

Shared Collateral”: the collateral pledged pursuant to the Pledge and Collateral Agency Agreement.

 

Trademarks”: (i) all trademarks, trade names, corporate names, company names, business names, fictitious business names, trade styles, service marks, logos and other source or business identifiers, and all goodwill associated therewith, now existing or hereafter adopted or acquired, all registrations and recordings thereof, and all applications in connection therewith, whether in the United States Patent and Trademark Office or in any similar office or agency of the United States, any State

 

3



 

thereof or any other country or any political subdivision thereof, or otherwise, and all common-law rights related thereto, including, without limitation, any of the foregoing referred to in Schedule 5, and (ii) the right to obtain all renewals thereof.

 

Trademark License”: any agreement, whether written or oral, providing for the grant by or to any Grantor of any right to use any Trademark, including, without limitation, any of the foregoing referred to in Schedule 5.

 

Vehicles”: all cars, trucks, trailers, construction and earth moving equipment and other vehicles covered by a certificate of title law of any state.

 

1.2.      Other Definitional Provisions. (a) The words “hereof,” “herein”, “hereto” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement, and Section and Schedule references are to this Agreement unless otherwise specified.

 

(b)       The meanings given to terms defined herein shall be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of such terms.

 

(c)       Where the context requires, terms relating to the Collateral or any part thereof, when used in relation to a Grantor, shall refer to such Grantor’s Collateral or the relevant part thereof.

 

SECTION 2. GUARANTEE

 

2.1.      Guarantee. (a) Each of the Guarantors hereby, jointly and severally, unconditionally and irrevocably, guarantees to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Lenders, (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), and their respective successors, indorsees, transferees and assigns, the prompt and complete payment and performance by the Borrower when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of the Borrower Obligations.

 

(b)       Anything herein or in any other Loan Document to the contrary notwithstanding, the maximum liability of each Guarantor hereunder and under the other Loan Documents shall in no event exceed the amount which can be guaranteed by such Guarantor under applicable federal and state laws relating to the insolvency of debtors (after giving effect to the right of contribution established in Section 2.2).

 

(c)       Each Guarantor agrees that the Borrower Obligations may at any time and from time to time exceed the amount of the liability of such Guarantor hereunder without impairing the guarantee contained in this Section 2 or affecting the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent or any Lender hereunder.

 

(d)       The guarantee contained in this Section 2 shall remain in full force and effect until all the Borrower Obligations and the obligations of each Guarantor under the guarantee contained in this Section 2 shall have been satisfied by payment in full and the Revolving Commitments shall be terminated, notwithstanding that from time to time during the term of the Credit Agreement the Borrower may be free from any Borrower Obligations.

 

(e)       No payment made by the Borrower, any of the Guarantors, any other guarantor or any other Person or received or collected by the Administrative Agent or any Lender from the Borrower, any of the Guarantors, any other guarantor or any other Person by virtue of any action or proceeding or any set-off or appropriation or application at any time or from time to time in reduction of or in payment of

 

4



 

the Borrower Obligations shall be deemed to modify, reduce, release or otherwise affect the liability of any Guarantor hereunder which shall, notwithstanding any such payment (other than any payment made by such Guarantor in respect of the Borrower Obligations or any payment received or collected from such Guarantor in respect of the Borrower Obligations), remain liable for the Borrower Obligations up to the maximum liability of such Guarantor hereunder until the Borrower Obligations are paid in full and the Revolving Commitments are terminated.

 

2.2.      Right of Contribution. Each Guarantor hereby agrees that to the extent that a Guarantor shall have paid more than its proportionate share of any payment made hereunder, such Guarantor shall be entitled to seek and receive contribution from and against any other Guarantor hereunder which has not paid its proportionate share of such payment. Each Guarantor right of contribution shall be subject to the terms and conditions of Section 2.3. The provisions of this Section 2.2 shall in no respect limit the obligations and liabilities of any Guarantor to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and each Guarantor shall remain liable to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders for the full amount guaranteed by such Guarantor hereunder.

 

2.3.      No Subrogation. Notwithstanding any payment made by any Guarantor hereunder or any set-off or application of funds of any Guarantor by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, no Guarantor shall be entitled to be subrogated to any of the rights of the Administrative Agent or any Lender against the Borrower or any other Guarantor or any collateral security or guarantee or right of offset held by the Administrative Agent or any Lender for the payment of the Borrower Obligations, nor shall any Guarantor seek or be entitled to seek any contribution or reimbursement from the Borrower or any other Guarantor in respect of payments made by such Guarantor hereunder, until all amounts owing to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders by the Borrower on account of the Borrower Obligations are paid in full and the Revolving Commitments are terminated. If any amount shall be paid to any Guarantor on account of such subrogation rights at any time when all of the Borrower Obligations shall not have been paid in full, such amount shall be held by such Guarantor in trust for the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, segregated from other funds of such Guarantor, and shall, forthwith upon receipt by such Guarantor, be turned over to the Administrative Agent in the exact form received by such Guarantor (duly indorsed by such Guarantor to the Administrative Agent, if required), to be applied against the Borrower Obligations, whether matured or unmatured, in such order as the Administrative Agent may determine.

 

2.4.      Amendments, etc. with respect to the Borrower Obligations. Each Guarantor shall remain obligated hereunder notwithstanding that, without any reservation of rights against any Guarantor and without notice to or further assent by any Guarantor, any demand for payment of any of the Borrower Obligations made by the Administrative Agent or any Lender may be rescinded by the Administrative Agent or such Lender and any of the Borrower Obligations continued, and the Borrower Obligations, or the liability of any other Person upon or for any part thereof, or any collateral security or guarantee therefor or right of offset with respect thereto, may, from time to time, in whole or in part, be renewed, extended, increased, amended, modified, accelerated, compromised, waived, surrendered or released by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, and the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents and any other documents executed and delivered in connection therewith may be amended, modified, supplemented or terminated, in whole or in part, as the Administrative Agent (or the Required Lenders or all Lenders, as the case may be) may deem reasonably advisable from time to time, and any collateral security, guarantee or right of offset at any time held by the Administrative Agent or any Lender for the payment of the Borrower Obligations may be sold, exchanged, waived, surrendered or released. Neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender shall have any obligation to protect, secure, perfect or insure any Lien at any time held by it as security for the Borrower Obligations or for the guarantee contained in this Section 2 or any property subject thereto.

 

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2.5.      Guarantee Absolute and Unconditional. Each Guarantor waives any and all notice of the creation, renewal, extension or accrual of any of the Borrower Obligations and notice of or proof of reliance by the Administrative Agent or any Lender upon the guarantee contained in this Section 2 or acceptance of the guarantee contained in this Section 2; the Borrower Obligations, and any of them, shall conclusively be deemed to have been created, contracted or incurred, or renewed, extended, amended, increased or waived, in reliance upon the guarantee contained in this Section 2; and all dealings between the Borrower and any of the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, on the other hand, likewise shall be conclusively presumed to have been had or consummated in reliance upon the guarantee contained in this Section 2. Each Guarantor waives diligence, presentment, protest, demand for payment and notice of default or nonpayment to or upon the Borrower or any of the Guarantors with respect to the Borrower Obligations. Each Guarantor understands and agrees that the guarantee contained in this Section 2 shall be construed as a continuing, absolute and unconditional guarantee of payment without regard to (a) the validity or enforceability of the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, any of the Borrower Obligations or any other collateral security therefor or guarantee or right of offset with respect thereto at any time or from time to time held by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, (b) any defense, set-off or counterclaim (other than a defense of payment or performance) which may at any time be available to or be asserted by the Borrower or any other Person against the Administrative Agent or any Lender, or (c) any other circumstance whatsoever (with or without notice to or knowledge of the Borrower or such Guarantor) which constitutes, or might be construed to constitute, an equitable or legal discharge of the Borrower for the Borrower Obligations, or of such Guarantor under the guarantee contained in this Section 2, in bankruptcy or in any other instance. When making any demand hereunder or otherwise pursuing its rights and remedies hereunder against any Guarantor, the Administrative Agent or any Lender may, but shall be under no obligation to, make a similar demand on or otherwise pursue such rights and remedies as it may have against the Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other Person or against any collateral security or guarantee for the Borrower Obligations or any right of offset with respect thereto, and any failure by the Administrative Agent or any Lender to make any such demand, to pursue such other rights or remedies or to collect any payments from the Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other Person or to realize upon any such collateral security or guarantee or to exercise any such right of offset, or any release of the Borrower, any other Guarantor or any other Person or any such collateral security, guarantee or right of offset, shall not relieve any Guarantor of any obligation or liability hereunder, and shall not impair or affect the rights and remedies, whether express, implied or available as a matter of law, of the Administrative Agent or any Lender against any Guarantor. For the purposes hereof “demand” shall include the commencement and continuance of any legal proceedings.

 

2.6.      Reinstatement. The guarantee contained in this Section 2 shall continue to be effective, or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time payment, or any part thereof, of any of the Borrower Obligations is rescinded or must otherwise be restored or returned by the Administrative Agent or any Lender upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution, liquidation or reorganization of the Borrower or any Guarantor, or upon or as a result of the appointment of a receiver, intervenor or conservator of, or trustee or similar officer for, the Borrower or any Guarantor or any substantial part of its property, or otherwise, all as though such payments had not been made.

 

2.7.      Payments. Each Guarantor hereby guarantees that payments hereunder will be paid to the Administrative Agent without set-off or counterclaim in Dollars at the Funding Office.

 

SECTION 3. GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST

 

Each Grantor hereby assigns and transfers to the Administrative Agent, and hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Lenders, (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), a security interest in, all of the following property now owned or at

 

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any time hereafter acquired by such Grantor or in which such Grantor now has or at any time in the future may acquire any right, title or interest (collectively, the “Collateral”), as collateral security for the prompt and complete payment and performance when due (whether at the stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) of such Grantor’s Obligations:

 

(a)       all Accounts;

 

(b)       all Chattel Paper;

 

(c)       all Commercial Tort Claims notified in accordance with Section 5.7;

 

(d)       all Documents (other than Title Documents with respect to Vehicles);

 

(e)       all Equipment;

 

(f)        all Fixtures;

 

(g)       all General Intangibles;

 

(h)       all Instruments;

 

(i)        all Intellectual Property;

 

(j)        all Inventory;

 

(k)       all Investment Property;

 

(l)        all Letter-of-Credit Rights;

 

(m)      all Deposit Accounts (other than payroll accounts);

 

(n)       all other property not otherwise described above (except for any property specifically excluded from any clause in this section above, any property specifically excluded from any defined term used in any clause of this section above or any property otherwise specifically excluded pursuant to any other provision of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents);

 

(o)       all books and records pertaining to the Collateral; and

 

(p)       to the extent not otherwise included, all Proceeds, Supporting Obligations and products of any and all of the foregoing and all collateral security and guarantees given by any Person with respect to any of the foregoing;

 

provided, however, that notwithstanding any of the other provisions set forth in this Section 3, this Agreement shall not constitute a grant of a security interest in (i) any property to the extent that such grant of a security interest is prohibited by any Requirements of Law of a Governmental Authority, requires a consent not obtained (after the commercially reasonable efforts of the relevant Grantor) of any Governmental Authority pursuant to such Requirement of Law or is prohibited by, or constitutes a breach or default under or results in the termination of or requires any consent not obtained (after the commercially reasonable efforts of the relevant Grantor) under, any contract, license, agreement, instrument or other document evidencing or giving rise to such property or, in the case of any Investment Property or Pledged Note, any applicable shareholder or similar agreement, except to the extent that such Requirement of Law or the term in such contract, license, agreement, instrument or other document or

 

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shareholder or similar agreement providing for such prohibition, breach, default or termination or requiring such consent is ineffective under applicable law or (ii) Collateral owned by any Grantor on the date hereof or hereafter acquired that is subject to a Lien securing a purchase money obligation or Capital Lease Obligation permitted to be incurred pursuant to the Credit Agreement if the contract or other agreement in which such Lien is granted (or the documentation providing for such purchase money obligation or Capital Lease Obligation) validly prohibits the creation of any other Lien on such Collateral; and provided, further, that notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in no event shall the Collateral include any Shared Collateral.

 

SECTION 4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

To induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into the Credit Agreement and to induce the Lenders to make their respective extensions of credit to the Borrower thereunder, each Grantor hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each Lender that:

 

4.1.      Title; No Other Liens. Except for the security interest granted to the Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Lenders, (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), pursuant to this Agreement and the other Liens permitted to exist on the Collateral by the Credit Agreement, such Grantor owns each item of the Collateral free and clear of any and all Liens or claims of others. No Grantor has filed, consented to or authorized the filing of any financing statement or other public notice with respect to all or any part of the Collateral in any public office, except such as have been filed in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Lenders, (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), pursuant to this Agreement or as are permitted by the Credit Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, it is understood and agreed that any Grantor may, as part of its business, grant licenses to third parties to use Intellectual Property owned or developed by a Grantor. For purposes of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, such licensing activity shall not constitute a “Lien” on such Intellectual Property. Each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender understands that any such licenses may be exclusive to the applicable licensees, and such exclusivity provisions may limit the ability of the Administrative Agent to utilize, sell, lease or transfer the related Intellectual Property or otherwise realize value from such Intellectual Property pursuant hereto.

 

4.2.      Perfected First Priority Liens. When financing statements and the other filings specified on Schedule 3 in appropriate form are filed in the offices specified in Schedule 3 and Pledged Notes have been delivered to the Administrative Agent, as required (assuming continued possession by the Administrative Agent of such certificates and that such certificates are located in the United States), this Agreement will be effective to create, in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Lenders, (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), a valid and perfected security interest under the New York UCC in all of the respective right, title and interest of each Grantor in, to and under the Collateral, as collateral security for payment of the Obligations to the extent perfection can be achieved by filing Uniform Commercial Code financing statements and delivering Pledged Notes and such security interest will be prior to all other Liens on the Collateral in existence on the date hereof except for Liens permitted by the Credit Agreement.

 

4.3.      Jurisdiction of Organization; Chief Executive Office. On the date hereof, such Grantor’s jurisdiction of organization, identification number from the jurisdiction of organization (if any), and the location of such Grantor’s chief executive office or sole place of business or principal residence, as the case may be, are specified on Schedule 4. Such Grantor has furnished to the Administrative Agent a certified charter, certificate of incorporation or other organization document and long-form good standing certificate as of a date which is recent to the date hereof.

 

4.4.      Farm Products. None of the Collateral constitutes, or is the Proceeds of, Farm Products.

 

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4.5.      Pledged Notes. (a) Each of the Pledged Notes constitutes (or, in the case of Pledge Notes which are not intercompany notes, to the knowledge of the Grantor constitute) the legal, valid and binding obligation of the obligor with respect thereto, enforceable against such obligor in accordance with its terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally, general equitable principles (whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law) and an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

 

(b)       Such Grantor is the record and beneficial owner of, and has good and marketable title to, the Pledged Notes, free of any and all Liens or options in favor of, or claims of, any other Person, except the security interest created by this Agreement and Liens permitted by the Credit Agreement.

 

4.6.      Receivables. (a) No material amount payable to such Grantor under or in connection with any Receivable is evidenced by any Instrument or Chattel Paper which has not been delivered to the Administrative Agent.

 

(b)       The amounts represented by such Grantor to the Lenders from time to time as owing to such Grantor in respect of the Receivables will at such times be accurate in all material respects.

 

4.7.      Intellectual Property. (a) Schedule 5 lists all Intellectual Property owned by such Grantor in its own name on the date hereof.

 

(b)       On the date hereof, all material Intellectual Property owned or used by such Grantor is valid, subsisting, unexpired and enforceable, has not been abandoned and does not infringe the intellectual property rights of any other Person.

 

(c)       Except as set forth in Schedule 5, on the date hereof, none of the Intellectual Property is the subject of any licensing or franchise agreement pursuant to which such Grantor is the licensor or franchisor.

 

(d)       No holding, decision or judgment has been rendered by any Governmental Authority which would limit, cancel or question the validity of, or such Grantor’s rights in, any Intellectual Property in any respect that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(e)       No action or proceeding is pending, or, to the knowledge of such Grantor, threatened, on the date hereof (i) seeking to limit, cancel or question the validity of any Intellectual Property or such Grantor’s ownership interest therein, and (ii) which, if adversely determined, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

4.8.      Commercial Tort Claims

 

(a)       On the date hereof, no Grantor has rights in any Commercial Tort Claim with potential value in excess of $100,000.

 

(b)       Upon the filing of a financing statement covering and specifically describing any Commercial Tort Claim referred to in Section 5.7 hereof against such Grantor in the jurisdiction specified in Schedule 3 hereto, the security interest granted in such Commercial Tort Claim will constitute a valid perfected security interest in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Lenders, (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), as collateral security for such Grantor’s Obligations, enforceable in accordance with the terms hereof against such Grantor, which

 

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security interest shall be prior to all other Liens on such Collateral except for unrecorded liens permitted by the Credit Agreement which have priority over the Liens on such Collateral by operation of law.

 

SECTION 5. COVENANTS

 

Each Grantor covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that, from and after the date of this Agreement until the Obligations shall have been paid in full and the Revolving Commitments shall have terminated:

 

5.1.      Delivery of Instruments, Certificated Securities and Chattel Paper. If any amount payable under or in connection with any of the Collateral shall be or become evidenced by any Instrument, Certificated Security or Chattel Paper, such Instrument, Certificated Security or Chattel Paper shall be immediately delivered to the Administrative Agent, duly indorsed in a manner satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, to be held as Collateral pursuant to this Agreement.

 

5.2.      Maintenance of Perfected Security Interest; Further Documentation. (a) Such Grantor shall maintain the security interest in the Collateral created by this Agreement as a perfected security interest having at least the priority described in Section 4.2 with respect to the Collateral and shall defend such security interest against the claims and demands of all Persons whomsoever, subject to the rights of such Grantor under the Loan Documents to dispose of the Collateral.

 

(b)       Such Grantor will furnish to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders from time to time statements and schedules further identifying and describing the assets and property of such Grantor and such other reports in connection therewith as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, all in reasonable detail.

 

(c)       At any time and from time to time, upon the written request of the Administrative Agent, and at the sole expense of such Grantor, such Grantor will promptly and duly execute and deliver, and have recorded, such additional financing or continuation statements (or other filings as reasonably necessary) and deliver any additional Pledged Notes or take such further actions as necessary to enable the Administrative Agent to obtain “control” (within the meaning of the applicable Uniform Commercial Code) with respect to the Pledged Notes, as required, as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request for the purpose of obtaining or preserving the full benefits of this Agreement and of the rights and powers herein granted.

 

5.3.      Changes in Name, etc. Such Grantor will not, except upon 15 days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent and delivery to the Administrative Agent of all additional executed financing statements and other documents reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to maintain the validity, perfection and priority of the security interests provided for herein, (i) change its jurisdiction of organization or the location of its chief executive office or sole place of business or principal residence from that referred to in Section 4.3 or (ii) change its name.

 

5.4.      Notices. Such Grantor will advise the Administrative Agent and the Lenders promptly, in reasonable detail, of the occurrence of any event set forth in Section 5.7(d) of the Credit Agreement.

 

5.5.      Pledged Notes. (a) Subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, any sums paid upon or in respect of the Pledged Notes upon any liquidation or dissolution which is not permitted under the Credit Agreement of any Issuer shall be paid over to the Administrative Agent to be held by it hereunder as additional collateral security for the Obligations, and in case any distribution of capital which is not permitted under the Credit Agreement shall be made on or in respect of the Pledged Notes, the property so distributed shall, unless otherwise subject to a perfected security interest in favor of the Administrative

 

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Agent, be delivered to the Administrative Agent to be held by it hereunder as additional collateral security for the Obligations. If any sums of money or property so paid or distributed in respect of the Pledged Notes which is required by this Section 5.5 to be paid or delivered over to the Administrative Agent shall be received by such Grantor, such Grantor shall, until such money or property is paid or delivered to the Administrative Agent, hold such money or property in trust for the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, segregated from other funds of such Grantor, as additional collateral security for the Obligations.

 

(b)       In the case of each Grantor which is an Issuer, such Issuer agrees that it will be bound by the terms of this Agreement relating to the Pledged Notes issued by it and will comply with such terms insofar as such terms are applicable to it.

 

5.6.      Intellectual Property. (a) Whenever such Grantor, either by itself or through any agent, employee, licensee or designee, shall file an application for the registration of any Intellectual Property with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office or any similar office or agency in any other country or any political subdivision thereof, such Grantor shall report such filing to the Administrative Agent within the later of (i) ten Business Days after such filing or (ii) five Business Days after the last day of the fiscal quarter in which such filing occurs. Upon request of the Administrative Agent, such Grantor shall execute and deliver, and have recorded, any and all agreements, instruments, documents, and papers as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request to evidence the Administrative Agent’s and the Lenders’ security interest in any Copyright, Patent or Trademark and the goodwill and general intangibles of such Grantor relating thereto or represented thereby.

 

(b)       Subject to the Credit Agreement and the reasonable business judgment of such Grantor, such Grantor will take all reasonable and necessary steps, including, without limitation, in any proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the United States Copyright Office or any similar office or agency in any other country or any political subdivision thereof, to maintain and pursue each application (and to obtain the relevant registration) and to maintain each registration of the material Intellectual Property, including, without limitation, filing of applications for renewal, affidavits of use and affidavits of incontestability.

 

5.7.      Commercial Tort Claims. If such Grantor shall obtain an interest in any Commercial Tort Claim with a potential value in excess of $100,000, such Grantor shall (a) within 30 days of obtaining such interest, provide written notice thereof to the Administrative Agent and (b) promptly thereafter sign and deliver documentation reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent granting a security interest under the terms and provisions of this Agreement in and to such Commercial Tort Claim.

 

SECTION 6. REMEDIAL PROVISIONS

 

6.1.      Certain Matters Relating to Receivables. (a) If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Administrative Agent shall have the right to make test verifications of the Receivables in any manner and through any medium that it reasonably considers advisable, and each Grantor shall furnish all such assistance and information as the Administrative Agent may require in connection with such test verifications. At any time and from time to time, but only if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, upon the Administrative Agent’s request and at the expense of the relevant Grantor, such Grantor shall cause independent public accountants or others satisfactory to the Administrative Agent to furnish to the Administrative Agent reports showing reconciliations, aging and test verifications of, and trial balances for, the Receivables.

 

(b)       The Administrative Agent hereby authorizes each Grantor to collect such Grantor’s Receivables, subject to the Administrative Agent’s direction and control, and the Administrative Agent may curtail or terminate said authority at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an

 

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Event of Default. If required by the Administrative Agent at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, any payments of Receivables, when collected by any Grantor, (i) shall be forthwith (and, in any event, within two Business Days) deposited by such Grantor in the exact form received, duly indorsed by such Grantor to the Administrative Agent if required, in a Collateral Account maintained under the sole dominion and control of the Administrative Agent, subject to withdrawal by the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders only as provided in Section 6.5, and (ii) until so turned over, shall be held by such Grantor in trust for the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, segregated from other funds of such Grantor. If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each such deposit of Proceeds of Receivables shall be accompanied by a report identifying in reasonable detail the nature and source of the payments included in the deposit.

 

(c)       At the Administrative Agent’s reasonable request, each Grantor shall deliver to the Administrative Agent all original and other documents evidencing, and relating to, the agreements and transactions which gave rise to the Receivables, including, without limitation, all original orders, invoices and shipping receipts.

 

6.2.      Communications with Obligors; Grantors Remain Liable. (a) Upon the request of the Administrative Agent at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, each Grantor shall notify obligors on the Receivables that the Receivables have been assigned to the Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Lenders, (and in the case of Specified Swap Agreements, Affiliates of Lenders), and that payments in respect thereof shall be made directly to the Administrative Agent.

 

(b)       Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, each Grantor shall remain liable under each of the Receivables to observe and perform all the conditions and obligations to be observed and performed by it thereunder, all in accordance with the terms of any agreement giving rise thereto. Neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender shall have any obligation or liability under any Receivable (or any agreement giving rise thereto) by reason of or arising out of this Agreement or the receipt by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of any payment relating thereto, nor shall the Administrative Agent or any Lender be obligated in any manner to perform any of the obligations of any Grantor under or pursuant to any Receivable (or any agreement giving rise thereto), to make any payment, to make any inquiry as to the nature or the sufficiency of any payment received by it or as to the sufficiency of any performance by any party thereunder, to present or file any claim, to take any action to enforce any performance or to collect the payment of any amounts which may have been assigned to it or to which it may be entitled at any time or times.

 

6.3.      Pledged Notes. (a) Unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and the Administrative Agent shall have given notice to the relevant Grantor of the Administrative Agent’s intent to exercise its corresponding rights pursuant to Section 6.3(b), each Grantor shall be permitted to receive all payments made in respect of the Pledged Notes paid in the normal course of business of the relevant Issuer and consistent with past practice, to the extent permitted in the Credit Agreement.

 

(b)       If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing and the Administrative Agent shall have given three Business Days notice of its intent to exercise such rights to the relevant Grantor or Grantors, (i) the Administrative Agent shall have the right to receive any and all payments or other Proceeds paid in respect of the Pledged Notes and make application thereof to the Obligations in such order as the Administrative Agent may determine, and (ii) any or all of the Pledged Notes shall be registered in the name of the Administrative Agent or its nominee, and the Administrative Agent or its nominee may thereafter exercise any and all rights of conversion, exchange and subscription and any other rights, privileges or options pertaining to such Pledged Notes as if it were the absolute owner

 

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thereof (including, without limitation, the right to exchange at its discretion any and all of the Pledged Notes upon the merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization or other fundamental change in the corporate or other organizational structure of any Issuer, or upon the exercise by any Grantor or the Administrative Agent of any right, privilege or option pertaining to such Pledged Notes, and in connection therewith, the right to deposit and deliver any and all of the Pledged Notes with any committee, depositary, transfer agent, registrar or other designated agency upon such terms and conditions as the Administrative Agent may determine), all without liability except to account for property actually received by it, but the Administrative Agent shall have no duty to any Grantor to exercise any such right, privilege or option and shall not be responsible for any failure to do so or delay in so doing.

 

(c)       Each Grantor hereby authorizes and instructs each Issuer of any Investment Property pledged by such Grantor hereunder to (i) comply with any instruction received by it from the Administrative Agent in writing that (x) states that an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and (y) is otherwise in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, without any other or further instructions from such Grantor, and each Grantor agrees that each Issuer shall be fully protected in so complying, and (ii) unless otherwise expressly permitted hereby, pay any dividends or other payments with respect to the Pledged Notes directly to the Administrative Agent. The provisions of this paragraph (c) shall not apply in respect of any Issuer that is a Regulated Entity unless the Borrower, in its reasonable judgment, determines that such provisions would not have an adverse regulatory, financial or accounting effect on such Issuer, and the Borrower agrees to use its best efforts to make a determination as to whether such provisions would have such an effect reasonably promptly following the Closing Date or the date on which the Pledged Note of such Issuer is pledged hereunder, as the case may be. The Borrower shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent of any such determination and if such determination is that such provisions would not have such an effect cause such Issuer to execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Acknowledgment and Consent in the form of Annex 1 attached hereto.

 

6.4.      Proceeds to be Turned Over To Administrative Agent. In addition to the rights of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders specified in Section 6.1 with respect to payments of Receivables, if an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, all Proceeds received by any Grantor consisting of cash, checks and other near-cash items shall be held by such Grantor in trust for the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, segregated from other funds of such Grantor, and shall, forthwith upon receipt by such Grantor, be turned over to the Administrative Agent in the exact form received by such Grantor (duly indorsed by such Grantor to the Administrative Agent, if required). All Proceeds received by the Administrative Agent hereunder shall be held by the Administrative Agent in a Collateral Account maintained under its sole dominion and control. All Proceeds while held by the Administrative Agent in a Collateral Account (or by such Grantor in trust for the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) shall continue to be held as collateral security for all the Obligations and shall not constitute payment thereof until applied as provided in Section 6.5.

 

6.5.      Application of Proceeds. At such intervals as may be agreed upon by the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, or, if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, at any time at the Administrative Agent’s election, the Administrative Agent may apply all or any part of Proceeds constituting Collateral, whether or not held in any Collateral Account, and any proceeds of the guarantee set forth in Section 2, in payment of the Obligations in the following order:

 

First, to pay incurred and unpaid fees and expenses of the Administrative Agent under the Loan Documents;

 

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Second, to the Administrative Agent, for application by it towards payment of amounts then due and owing and remaining unpaid in respect of the Obligations, pro rata among the Lenders according to the amounts of the Obligations then due and owing and remaining unpaid to the Lenders;

 

Third, to the Administrative Agent, for application by it towards prepayment of the Obligations, pro rata among the Lenders according to the amounts of the Obligations then held by the Lenders; and

 

Fourth, any balance remaining after the Obligations shall have been paid in full and the Revolving Commitments shall have terminated shall be paid over to the Borrower or to whomsoever may be lawfully entitled to receive the same.

 

6.6.      Code and Other Remedies. If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Lenders, may exercise, in addition to all other rights and remedies granted to them in this Agreement and in any other instrument or agreement securing, evidencing or relating to the Obligations, all rights and remedies of a secured party under the New York UCC or any other applicable law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent, without demand of performance or other demand, presentment, protest, advertisement or notice of any kind (except any notice required by law referred to below) to or upon any Grantor or any other Person (all and each of which demands, defenses, advertisements and notices are hereby waived), may in such circumstances forthwith collect, receive, appropriate and realize upon the Collateral, or any part thereof, and/or may forthwith sell, lease, assign, give option or options to purchase, or otherwise dispose of and deliver the Collateral or any part thereof (or contract to do any of the foregoing), in one or more parcels at public or private sale or sales, at any exchange, broker’s board or office of the Administrative Agent or any Lender or elsewhere upon such terms and conditions as it may deem advisable and at such prices as it may deem best, for cash or on credit or for future delivery without assumption of any credit risk. The Administrative Agent or any Lender shall have the right upon any such public sale or sales, and, to the extent permitted by law, upon any such private sale or sales, to purchase the whole or any part of the Collateral so sold, free of any right or equity of redemption in any Grantor, which right or equity is hereby waived and released. Each Grantor further agrees, at the Administrative Agent’s request, to assemble the Collateral and make it available to the Administrative Agent at places which the Administrative Agent shall reasonably select, whether at such Grantor’s premises or elsewhere. The Administrative Agent shall apply the net proceeds of any action taken by it pursuant to this Section 6.6, after deducting all reasonable costs and expenses of every kind incurred in connection therewith or incidental to the care or safekeeping of any of the Collateral or in any way relating to the Collateral or the rights of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders hereunder, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements, to the payment in whole or in part of the Obligations, in such order as the Administrative Agent may elect, and only after such application and after the payment by the Administrative Agent of any other amount required by any provision of law, including, without limitation, Section 9-615(a)(3) of the New York UCC, need the Administrative Agent account for the surplus, if any, to any Grantor. To the extent permitted by applicable law, each Grantor waives all claims, damages and demands it may acquire against the Administrative Agent or any Lender arising out of the exercise by them of any rights hereunder. If any notice of a proposed sale or other disposition of Collateral shall be required by law, such notice shall be deemed reasonable and proper if given at least 10 days before such sale or other disposition.

 

6.7.      Deficiency. Each Grantor shall remain liable for any deficiency if the proceeds of any sale or other disposition of the Collateral are insufficient to pay its Obligations and the fees and disbursements of any attorneys employed by the Administrative Agent or any Lender to collect such deficiency.

 

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SECTION 7. THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT

 

7.1.      Administrative Agent’s Appointment as Attorney-in-Fact, etc. (a) Each Grantor hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Administrative Agent and any officer or agent thereof, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable power and authority in the place and stead of such Grantor and in the name of such Grantor or in its own name, for the purpose of carrying out the terms of this Agreement, to take any and all appropriate action and to execute any and all documents and instruments which may be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Grantor hereby gives the Administrative Agent the power and right, on behalf of such Grantor, without notice to or assent by such Grantor, to do any or all of the following:

 

(i)        in the name of such Grantor or its own name, or otherwise, take possession of and indorse and collect any checks, drafts, notes, acceptances or other instruments for the payment of moneys due under any Receivable or with respect to any other Collateral and file any claim or take any other action or proceeding in any court of law or equity or otherwise deemed appropriate by the Administrative Agent for the purpose of collecting any and all such moneys due under any Receivable or with respect to any other Collateral whenever payable;

 

(ii)       in the case of any Intellectual Property, execute and deliver, and have recorded, any and all agreements, instruments, documents and papers as the Administrative Agent may request to evidence the Administrative Agent’s and the Lenders’ security interest in such Intellectual Property and the goodwill and general intangibles of such Grantor relating thereto or represented thereby;

 

(iii)      pay or discharge taxes and Liens levied or placed on or threatened against the Collateral, effect any repairs or any insurance called for by the terms of this Agreement and pay all or any part of the premiums therefor and the costs thereof;

 

(iv) execute, in connection with any sale provided for in Section 6.6, any indorsements, assignments or other instruments of conveyance or transfer with respect to the Collateral; and

 

(v)       (1) direct any party liable for any payment under any of the Collateral to make payment of any and all moneys due or to become due thereunder directly to the Administrative Agent or as the Administrative Agent shall direct; (2) ask or demand for, collect, and receive payment of and receipt for, any and all moneys, claims and other amounts due or to become due at any time in respect of or arising out of any Collateral; (3) sign and indorse any invoices, freight or express bills, bills of lading, storage or warehouse receipts, drafts against debtors, assignments, verifications, notices and other documents in connection with any of the Collateral; (4) commence and prosecute any suits, actions or proceedings at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction to collect the Collateral or any portion thereof and to enforce any other right in respect of any Collateral; (5) defend any suit, action or proceeding brought against such Grantor with respect to any Collateral; (6) settle, compromise or adjust any such suit, action or proceeding and, in connection therewith, give such discharges or releases as the Administrative Agent may deem appropriate; (7) assign any Copyright, Patent or Trademark (along with the goodwill of the business to which any such Copyright, Patent or Trademark pertains), throughout the world for such term or terms, on such conditions, and in such manner, as the Administrative Agent shall in its sole discretion determine; and (8) generally, sell, transfer, pledge and make any agreement with respect to or otherwise deal with any of the Collateral as fully and completely as though the Administrative Agent were the absolute owner thereof for all purposes, and do, at the

 

15



 

Administrative Agent’s option and such Grantor’s expense, at any time, or from time to time, all acts and things which the Administrative Agent deems necessary to protect, preserve or realize upon the Collateral and the Administrative Agent’s and the Lenders’ security interests therein and to effect the intent of this Agreement, all as fully and effectively as such Grantor might do.

 

Anything in this Section 7.1(a) to the contrary notwithstanding, the Administrative Agent agrees that it will not exercise any rights under the power of attorney provided for in this Section 7.1(a) unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.

 

(b)       If any Grantor fails to perform or comply with any of its agreements contained herein, the Administrative Agent, at its option, but without any obligation so to do, may perform or comply, or otherwise cause performance or compliance, with such agreement.

 

(c)       The expenses of the Administrative Agent incurred in connection with actions undertaken as provided in this Section 7.1, together with interest thereon at a rate per annum equal to the highest rate per annum at which interest would then be payable on any category of past due ABR Loans under the Credit Agreement, from the date of payment by the Administrative Agent to the date reimbursed by the relevant Grantor, shall be payable by such Grantor to the Administrative Agent on demand.

 

(d)       Each Grantor hereby ratifies all that said attorneys shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. All powers, authorizations and agencies contained in this Agreement are coupled with an interest and are irrevocable until this Agreement is terminated and the security interests created hereby are released.

 

7.2.      Duty of Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent’s sole duty with respect to the custody, safekeeping and physical preservation of the Collateral in its possession, under Section 9-207 of the New York UCC or otherwise, shall be to deal with it in the same manner as the Administrative Agent deals with similar property for its own account. Neither the Administrative Agent, any Lender, any Affiliate of any Lender nor any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents shall be liable for failure to demand, collect or realize upon any of the Collateral or for any delay in doing so or shall be under any obligation to sell or otherwise dispose of any Collateral upon the request of any Grantor or any other Person or to take any other action whatsoever with regard to the Collateral or any part thereof. The powers conferred on the Administrative Agent and the Lenders hereunder are solely to protect the Administrative Agent’s and the Lenders’ interests in the Collateral and shall not impose any duty upon the Administrative Agent or any Lender to exercise any such powers. The Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall be accountable only for amounts that they actually receive as a result of the exercise of such powers, and neither they nor any of their officers, directors, employees or agents shall be responsible to any Grantor for any act or failure to act hereunder, except for their own gross negligence or willful misconduct.

 

7.3.      Execution of Financing Statements. Pursuant to any applicable law, each Grantor authorizes the Administrative Agent to file or record financing statements and other filing or recording documents or instruments with respect to the Collateral without the signature of such Grantor in such form and in such offices as the Administrative Agent determines appropriate to perfect the security interests of the Administrative Agent under this Agreement. Each Grantor authorizes the Administrative Agent to use the collateral description “all personal property” in any such financing statements. Each Grantor hereby ratifies and authorizes the filing by the Administrative Agent of any financing statement with respect to the Collateral made prior to the date hereof.

 

7.4.      Authority of Administrative Agent. Each Grantor acknowledges that the rights and responsibilities of the Administrative Agent under this Agreement with respect to any action taken by the

 

16



 

Administrative Agent or the exercise or non-exercise by the Administrative Agent of any option, voting right, request, judgment or other right or remedy provided for herein or resulting or arising out of this Agreement shall, as between the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, be governed by the Credit Agreement and by such other agreements with respect thereto as may exist from time to time among them, but, as between the Administrative Agent and the Grantors, the Administrative Agent shall be conclusively presumed to be acting as agent for the Lenders with full and valid authority so to act or refrain from acting, and no Grantor shall be under any obligation, or entitlement, to make any inquiry respecting such authority.

 

SECTION 8. MISCELLANEOUS

 

8.1.      Amendments in Writing. None of the terms or provisions of this Agreement may be waived, amended, supplemented or otherwise modified except in accordance with Section 9.1 of the Credit Agreement.

 

8.2.      Notices. All notices, requests and demands to or upon the Administrative Agent or any Grantor hereunder shall be effected in the manner provided for in Section 9.2 of the Credit Agreement; provided that any such notice, request or demand to or upon any Guarantor shall be addressed to such Guarantor at its notice address set forth on Schedule 1.

 

8.3.      No Waiver by Course of Conduct; Cumulative Remedies. Neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender shall by any act (except by a written instrument pursuant to Section 8.1), delay, indulgence, omission or otherwise be deemed to have waived any right or remedy hereunder or to have acquiesced in any Default or Event of Default. No failure to exercise, nor any delay in exercising, on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender, any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof. No single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. A waiver by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of any right or remedy hereunder on any one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy which the Administrative Agent or such Lender would otherwise have on any future occasion. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative, may be exercised singly or concurrently and are not exclusive of any other rights or remedies provided by law.

 

8.4.      Enforcement Expenses; Indemnification. (a) Each Guarantor agrees to pay or reimburse each Lender and the Administrative Agent for all its reasonable costs and expenses incurred in collecting against such Guarantor under the guarantee contained in Section 2 or otherwise enforcing or preserving any rights under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which such Guarantor is a party, including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to each Lender and of counsel to the Administrative Agent.

 

(b)       Each Guarantor agrees to pay, and to save the Administrative Agent and the Lenders harmless from, any and all liabilities with respect to, or resulting from any delay in paying, any and all stamp, excise, sales or other taxes which may be payable or determined to be payable with respect to any of the Collateral or in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

(c)       Each Guarantor agrees to pay, and to save the Administrative Agent and the Lenders harmless from, any and all liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, penalties, actions, judgments, suits, costs, expenses or disbursements of any kind or nature whatsoever with respect to the execution, delivery, enforcement, performance and administration of this Agreement to the extent the Borrower would be required to do so pursuant to Section 9.5 of the Credit Agreement.

 

17



 

(d)       The agreements in this Section 8.4 shall survive repayment of the Obligations and all other amounts payable under the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

 

8.5.      Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon the successors and assigns of each Grantor and shall inure to the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders and their successors and assigns; provided that no Grantor may assign, transfer or delegate any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent.

 

8.6.      Set-Off. Each Grantor hereby irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent and each Lender at any time and from time to time while an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, without notice to such Grantor or any other Grantor, any such notice being expressly waived by each Grantor, to set-off and appropriate and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final), in any currency, and any other credits, indebtedness or claims, in any currency, in each case whether direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, at any time held or owing by the Administrative Agent or such Lender (or any branch or agency thereof) to or for the credit or the account of such Grantor, or any part thereof in such amounts as the Administrative Agent or such Lender may elect, against and on account of the obligations and liabilities of such Grantor to the Administrative Agent or such Lender hereunder and claims of every nature and description of the Administrative Agent or such Lender against such Grantor, in any currency, whether arising hereunder, under the Credit Agreement, any other Loan Document or otherwise, as the Administrative Agent or such Lender may elect, whether or not the Administrative Agent or any Lender has made any demand for payment and although such obligations, liabilities and claims may be contingent or unmatured. The Administrative Agent and each Lender shall notify such Grantor promptly of any such set-off and the application made by the Administrative Agent or such Lender of the proceeds thereof, provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such set-off and application. The rights of the Administrative Agent and each Lender under this Section 8.6 are in addition to other rights and remedies (including, without limitation, other rights of set-off) which the Administrative Agent or such Lender may have.

 

8.7.      Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by one or more of the parties to this Agreement on any number of separate counterparts (including by telecopy), and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.

 

8.8.      Severability. Any provision of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

 

8.9.      Section Headings. The Section headings used in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to affect the construction hereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation hereof.

 

8.10.    Integration. This Agreement and the other Loan Documents represent the agreement of the Grantors, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and there are no promises, undertakings, representations or warranties by the Administrative Agent or any Lender relative to subject matter hereof and thereof not expressly set forth or referred to herein or in the other Loan Documents.

 

18



 

8.11.   GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

8.12.    Submission To Jurisdiction; Waivers. Each party to this Agreement hereby irrevocably and unconditionally:

 

(a)       submits for itself and its property in any legal action or proceeding relating to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party, or for recognition and enforcement of any judgment in respect thereof, to the non-exclusive general jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York, the courts of the United States of America for the Southern District of New York, and appellate courts from any thereof;

 

(b)       consents that any such action or proceeding may be brought in such courts and waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such action or proceeding in any such court or that such action or proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agrees not to plead or claim the same;

 

(c)       agrees that service of process in any such action or proceeding may be effected by mailing a copy thereof by registered or certified mail (or any substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, to such Grantor at its address referred to in Section 8.2 or at such other address of which the Administrative Agent shall have been notified pursuant thereto;

 

(d)       agrees that nothing herein shall affect the right to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right to sue in any other jurisdiction; and

 

(e)       waives, to the maximum extent not prohibited by law, any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action or proceeding referred to in this Section any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages.

 

8.13.    Acknowledgements. Each Grantor hereby acknowledges that:

 

(a)       it has been advised by counsel in the negotiation, execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which it is a party;

 

(b)       neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender has any fiduciary relationship with or duty to any Grantor arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents, and the relationship between the Grantors, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent and Lenders, on the other hand, in connection herewith or therewith is solely that of debtor and creditor; and

 

(c)       no joint venture is created hereby or by the other Loan Documents or otherwise exists by virtue of the transactions contemplated hereby among the Lenders or among the Grantors and the Lenders.

 

8.14.    Additional Grantors. Each Subsidiary of the Borrower that is required to become a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.8 of the Credit Agreement shall become a Grantor for all purposes of this Agreement upon execution and delivery by such Subsidiary of an Assumption Agreement in the form of Annex 2 hereto.

 

19



 

8.15.    Releases. (a) At such time as the Loans and the other Obligations (other than Obligations in respect of Specified Swap Agreements) shall have been paid in full and the Revolving Commitments have been terminated, the Collateral shall be released from the Liens created hereby, and this Agreement and all obligations (other than those expressly stated to survive such termination) of the Administrative Agent and each Grantor hereunder shall terminate, all without delivery of any instrument or performance of any act by any party, and all rights to the Collateral shall revert to the Grantors. Following any such termination, each Grantor is hereby authorized to file UCC termination statements without the signature of the Administrative Agent or any Lender. At the request and sole expense of any Grantor following any such termination, the Administrative Agent shall deliver to such Grantor any Collateral held by the Administrative Agent hereunder, and execute and deliver to such Grantor such documents as such Grantor shall reasonably request to evidence such termination.

 

(b)       If any of the Collateral shall be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by any Grantor in a transaction permitted by the Credit Agreement, then the Administrative Agent, at the request and sole expense of such Grantor, shall execute and deliver to such Grantor all releases or other documents reasonably necessary or desirable for the release of the Liens created hereby on such Collateral. At the request and sole expense of the Borrower, a Guarantor shall be released from its obligations hereunder in the event that all the Capital Stock of such Guarantor shall be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of in a transaction permitted by the Credit Agreement; provided that the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent, at least ten days prior to the date of the proposed release, a written request for release identifying the relevant Guarantor and the terms of the sale or other disposition in reasonable detail, including the price thereof and any expenses in connection therewith, together with a certification by the Borrower stating that such transaction is in compliance with the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

 

8.16.   WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH GRANTOR HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AND FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM THEREIN.

 

8.17.    Grantors. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, no Foreign Subsidiary or Excluded Regulated Subsidiary shall be deemed to be a Grantor hereunder.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has caused this Guarantee and Collateral Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first above written.

 

 

 

 

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP LLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Paul J. Brody

 

 

 

 

Name: Paul J. Brody
Title:   Chief Financial Officer

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT

 



 

 

 

[NAME OF SUBSIDIARY]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

 

Title:

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT

 



 

 

 

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Administrative Agent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Robert Anastasio

 

 

 

 

Name: Robert Anastasio

 

 

 

Title:   Vice President

 

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO GUARANTEE AND COLLATERAL AGREEMENT

 



EX-23.1 7 a2174744zex-23_1.htm EXHIBIT 23.1
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Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

        We consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 of our report dated November 22, 2006 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Interactive Brokers Group LLC, appearing in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement, and of our report dated November 22, 2006 relating to the financial statement schedule appearing elsewhere in this Registration Statement.

        We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in such Prospectus.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
New York, New York
November 27, 2006




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CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
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