EX-99.1 3 a19-16317_2ex99d1.htm EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

 

DESCRIPTION OF STOCK

 

The following is a summary description of the material terms of our stock, based on our charter (“Charter”), Bylaws (“Bylaws”) and Maryland law. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our Charter and Bylaws, copies of which have been previously filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). For a complete description of our capital stock, you should refer to our Charter, our Bylaws and applicable provisions of Maryland law. As used in this section, “we,” “us” and “our” mean TravelCenters of America Inc., a Maryland corporation, but not any of its subsidiaries.

 

General

 

Our Charter provides that we may issue up to 16,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share. Our Charter authorizes our Board of Directors to amend our Charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock, or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we are authorized to issue, without stockholder approval.  After giving effect to the conversion on August 1, 2019 from a Delaware limited liability company named TravelCenters of America LLC into a Maryland corporation named TravelCenters of America Inc. (the “Conversion”), we had approximately 8,087,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

 

Common Stock

 

On August 1, 2019, at the effective time of the Conversion (the “Effective Time”) and pursuant to a plan of conversion, each five shares representing common limited liability company interests in TravelCenters of America LLC outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time were converted into one issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable share of our common stock (the “Conversion Ratio”), provided that no fractional shares of common stock were issued as a result of the Conversion. In lieu of any such fractional shares of common stock, each holder became entitled to receive, upon the Effective Time, cash in an amount equal to the closing price per share of common stock on the Nasdaq on July 31, 2019, the last trading day immediately prior to the date of the Effective Time (as adjusted to give effect to the Conversion Ratio). Our Charter and our Bylaws provide our stockholders following the Conversion with substantially the same rights and obligations that stockholders had pursuant to the amended and restated limited liability company agreement and bylaws of TravelCenters of America LLC immediately prior to the Conversion.

 

Subject to the provisions of our Charter and Bylaws regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of common stock or preferred stock that we may issue, each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of shares of common stock will possess the exclusive voting power.

 

Holders of shares of common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, or redemption rights, have no general appraisal rights and have no general preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of our company. Subject to the provisions of our Charter and Bylaws

 


 

regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, shares of common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.

 

Power to Reclassify Our Unissued Shares of Stock

 

Our Charter authorizes our Board of Directors to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of stock into other classes or series of stock, including one or more classes or series of stock that have priority with respect to dividends or upon liquidation over our common stock, and authorizes us to issue the newly-classified shares. Prior to the issuance of shares of each new class or series, our Board of Directors is required by Maryland law and by our Charter to set, subject to the provisions of our Charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series. Our Board of Directors may take these actions without stockholder approval unless stockholder approval is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automatic quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded.

 

Power to Increase or Decrease Authorized Shares of Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock

 

We believe that the power of our Board of Directors to amend our Charter to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of stock, to authorize us to issue additional shares of common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of stock and thereafter to authorize us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions on a timely basis and in meeting other needs that might arise. Nonetheless, the unrestricted ability of our Board of Directors to issue additional shares of common stock and preferred stock may have adverse consequences to our stockholders, including possibly diluting the ownership of existing stockholders and making a change of control of us difficult to achieve. The additional classes or series, as well as the additional shares of common stock or preferred stock, as applicable, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such approval is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded.

 

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer of Stock

 

Our Charter restricts the number and value of our shares of stock that our stockholders may own.

 

Our Charter prohibits any person from constructively owning more than 5.0% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our common stock or 5.0% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of any other class or series of our stock. Our Board of Directors may from time to time increase or decrease our ownership limitations.

 

Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt persons from these ownership limitations, so long as our Board of Directors determines, among other things, that it is in our best interests and would not cause a default under the terms of any contract to which we are a

 

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party or would reasonably expect to become a party, provided that any duties of our Board of Directors to the stockholder requesting the exemption will not apply, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to such determination.  In determining whether to grant an exemption, our Board of Directors may consider, among other factors, the following:

 

·                  the general reputation and moral character of the person requesting the exemption;

 

·                  whether the person’s ownership of shares would be direct or through ownership attribution;

 

·                  whether the person’s ownership of shares would interfere with the conduct of our business;

 

·                  whether granting an exemption would adversely affect any of our existing contractual arrangements; and

 

·                  whether the person to whom the exemption would apply is attempting to change control of us or affect our policies in a way that our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, considers adverse to our best interests or those of our stockholders.

 

If a person attempts to transfer our shares of stock in violation of the ownership limitations described above, in our sole discretion, either (a) that number of shares (rounded up to the nearest whole share) which would cause the violation will automatically be transferred to a trust (the “Charitable Trust”) for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries designated by us or (b) such attempted transfer will be void ab initio.  The prohibited owner will generally:

 

·                  have no rights in the shares held in the Charitable Trust;

 

·                  not benefit economically from ownership of any shares held in the Charitable Trust (except to the extent provided below upon a sale of the shares);

 

·                  have no rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares held in the Charitable Trust;

 

·                  not possess any right to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the Charitable Trust; and

 

·                  have no claim, cause of action or other recourse whatsoever against the purported transferor of any shares held in the Charitable Trust.

 

Effective as of the date that the shares have been transferred to the Charitable Trust, the trustee of the Charitable Trust will have the authority, at the trustee’s sole discretion:

 

·                  to rescind as void any vote cast by a prohibited owner prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the Charitable Trust; and

 

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·                  to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary.

 

However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee may not rescind and recast the vote.

 

Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that the shares have been transferred to the Charitable Trust, the trustee of the Charitable Trust will sell such shares (together with the right to receive distributions with respect to such shares) to a person, designated by the trustee of the Charitable Trust, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in our Charter.  Upon such sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate, and the trustee of the Charitable Trust will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner and to the charitable beneficiary of the Charitable Trust as follows:

 

The prohibited owner will receive the lesser of:

 

·                  the net price paid by the prohibited owner for the shares or, if the prohibited owner did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the Charitable Trust, for example, in the case of a gift, devise or other similar transaction, the market price (as defined in our Charter) of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be transferred to the Charitable Trust, in each case; and

 

·                  the net sales proceeds received by the trustee of the Charitable Trust from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the Charitable Trust plus any dividends received by the trustee of the Charitable Trust on such shares.

 

If, prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to a Charitable Trust, a prohibited owner sells such shares, then:

 

·                  those shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Charitable Trust; and

 

·                  to the extent that the prohibited owner received an amount for those shares that exceeds the amount that the prohibited owner was entitled to receive from a sale by the trustee of the Charitable Trust, the prohibited owner must pay the excess to the trustee of the Charitable Trust upon demand.

 

Also, shares held in the Charitable Trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of:

 

·                  the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the Charitable Trust or, if the prohibited owner did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the Charitable Trust, for example, in the case of a gift, devise or other similar transaction, the market price per share

 

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on the day of the event causing the shares to become held by the Charitable Trust; and

 

·                  the market price per share on the date we, or our designee, accept the offer.

 

We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee of the Charitable Trust has sold the shares held in the Charitable Trust.  The net proceeds of the sale to us will be distributed in the same manner as any other sale by a trustee of the Charitable Trust.

 

The restrictions described above will not preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of any national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system.  Our Charter provides, however, that the settlement of any transaction will not negate the effect of any of the foregoing limitations and any transferee in such a transaction will be subject to all of the provisions and limitations described above.

 

Every stockholder of record of more than five percent of the outstanding shares of any class or series of stock is required to give written notice to us within 30 days (i) after the end of each taxable year and (ii) after a request from us.  Such notice must state the name and address of the legal and beneficial owner(s), the number of shares of each class and series of our shares of stock which the stockholder owns, and a description of the manner in which those shares are held.  In addition, each stockholder is required to provide us with any additional information that we may request in order to determine compliance with the ownership limits.

 

Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire constructive ownership of shares of our stock that will or may violate the ownership limits or any person who would have owned shares that resulted in a transfer to the Charitable Trust must give written notice immediately to us or, in the case of a proposed or attempted transaction, provide us at least 15 days prior written notice and provide us with such other information as we may request.

 

Additionally, our Bylaws impose certain restrictions on the transfer of shares in order to help us preserve the tax treatment of our net operating losses and other tax benefits. These restrictions generally provide that transfers of shares to a person, entity or group which is then, or would become as a result of such transfer, an owner of 5% or more of our outstanding shares of stock (i) are void in total, for transferees then already owning 5% or more of our shares of stock and (ii) are void to the extent the transfer would so result in such level of ownership by the proposed transferee, for other transferees. These restrictions do not apply if the transferor or the transferee obtains the written approval of our Board of Directors.

 

All certificates representing our shares and any share statements for our uncertificated shares may bear legends referring to the foregoing restrictions.

 

Stock exchange listing

 

Our shares of common stock have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC under the symbol “TA”.

 

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Transfer agent and registrar

 

The transfer agent and registrar for our shares of common stock is EQ Shareowner Services.

 

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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS

 

The following is a summary of our Charter and Bylaws and certain provisions of Maryland law.  This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our Charter and Bylaws, copies of which have been previously filed by us with the SEC, and the applicable provisions of Maryland law. For a complete description of our capital stock, you should refer to our Charter, our Bylaws and applicable provisions of Maryland law.  As used in this section, “we,” “us” and “our” mean TravelCenters of America Inc., a Maryland corporation, and its successors, but not any of its subsidiaries.

 

Board of Directors

 

Our Board of Directors has the exclusive power to increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that the number of directors may not be fewer than three and may not be more than seven, and further provided that the term of any director may not be decreased due to a reduction in the number of directors. We currently have five Directors.

 

Under our Bylaws, a Director must be at least 21 years of age, not under legal disability and, at the time of nomination and election, (i) not have been convicted of a felony, (ii) have substantial expertise or experience relevant to our business (as determined by our Board of Directors), (iii) have been nominated for election to the Board in accordance with our Bylaws and (iv) meet the qualifications of an Independent Director or a Managing Director, as applicable.  An “Independent Director” is a Director who is not an employee of ours or The RMR Group LLC or its permitted successors or assigns (collectively, “RMR”), who is not involved in our day-to-day activities and who meets the qualifications of an independent director under the applicable rules of the principal securities exchange upon which our shares of common stock or other securities are listed for trading and the SEC, as those requirements may be amended from time to time.  A “Managing Director” is a Director who has been an employee or officer of us or of RMR or involved in our day-to-day activities for at least one year prior to his or her election as a Director and who is not an Independent Director.  Our Board of Directors may establish different or additional qualifications for our Independent Directors or Managing Directors.  A majority of our Directors holding office must at all times be Independent Directors, except for temporary periods due to vacancies.  If the number of our Directors, at any time, is set at less than five, at least one Director will be a Managing Director.  So long as the number of our Directors is five or greater, at least two Directors must be Managing Directors.

 

Our Charter divides our Board of Directors into three classes, with each class as nearly equal in number as possible.  The initial term of the Directors who are members of Class I will continue until our 2020 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualify, the initial term of the Directors who are members of Class II will continue until our 2021 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualify, and the initial term of the Class III Director will continue until our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders and until her successor is elected and qualifies.  At each annual meeting, stockholders are entitled to elect the successors of the class of Directors whose term expires at that meeting for a term continuing until our annual meeting of stockholders held in the third following year and until their

 

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successors are elected and qualify.  Our stockholders are entitled to elect only one class of Directors each year.

 

We believe that the classification of our Board of Directors will help to assure the continuity of our business strategies and policies.  Our classified board could have the effect of making the replacement of a majority of the incumbent Directors more time-consuming and difficult.  At least two annual meetings of our stockholders will generally be required to effect a change in a majority of our Board of Directors.

 

In uncontested elections, directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast in the election of directors; in a contested election, the election of directors nominated by our Board requires the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast in such election, and the election of directors not previously approved by our Board requires the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least 75% of the votes entitled to be cast in such election, in each case voting together as a single class.  In the case of a failure to elect any Director at an annual meeting of our stockholders, the incumbent Director who was up for election at that meeting will hold over and continue to serve as a Director until the election and qualification of his or her successor.  There is no cumulative voting in the election of our Directors.

 

Subject to the provisions of any class or series of shares of our stock that hereafter may be created and are then outstanding, any vacancy as a result of any reason, including, without limitation, a vacancy caused by the death, resignation, retirement, removal or incapacity of any Director or resulting from an increase in the number of Directors, will be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors then remaining in office, even if the remaining Directors do not constitute a quorum, and any Director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until the election and qualification of his or her successor.  Our Charter provides that, subject to the provisions of any class or series of shares of stock of our company, a Director may be removed only for cause (as defined in our Charter) by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least 75% of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

 

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and Other Business

 

Our Bylaws provide that nominations of individuals for election as Directors and proposals of other business to be considered at an annual meeting of our stockholders may be made only in our notice of the meeting, by or at the direction of our Board of Directors or by a stockholder (or group of stockholders) who is entitled to make nominations or proposals and has complied with the advance notice procedures and with ownership and other requirements set forth in our Bylaws.

 

Under our Bylaws, a written notice of nominations of individuals for election as Directors or other matters to be considered at an annual meeting of our stockholders by one or more of our stockholders must be delivered to our Secretary at our principal executive offices not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the 120th day nor earlier than the 150th day prior to the first anniversary of the date of our proxy statement for the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that if the annual meeting is called for a date that is more than 30 days earlier or later

 

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than the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, the notice must be delivered by not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the 10th day following the earlier of the day on which (a) notice of the annual meeting is mailed or otherwise made available or (b) public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is first made by us.  Neither the postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting, nor the public announcement of such postponement or adjournment, commences a new time period or extends any time period for the giving of a notice by one or more stockholders.

 

Our Bylaws set forth procedures and requirements for submission of nominations of individuals for election as Directors and other proposals by our stockholders for consideration at an annual meeting of our stockholders.  These procedures and requirements include, among other things:

 

·                  requiring that each of the stockholders desiring to make a nomination or proposal of other business:

 

·                  has continuously owned (as defined in our Bylaws) at least three percent of our outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote in the election of Directors or on a proposal of such other business, as the case may be, for at least three years as of (a) the date of the giving of the notice of the proposed nomination or proposal of other business, (b) the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and (c) the time of the annual meeting (including any postponement or adjournment thereof);

 

·                  holds a certificate or certificates representing the aggregate requisite number of shares of stock owned by such stockholder(s) as of the date of the giving of the notice, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and the time of the annual meeting (including any postponement or adjournment thereof);

 

·                  is entitled to make such nomination or propose such other business and to vote at the meeting on such election or proposal of other business; and

 

·                  submits the nomination or proposal to our Secretary in accordance with the requirements of our Bylaws;

 

·                  providing that the advance notice provisions in our Bylaws are the exclusive means for stockholders to make nominations for consideration at an annual meeting of our stockholders;

 

·                  requiring that certain information and documentation be provided regarding any proposed nominee for election as a Director by the proposing stockholder(s);

 

·                  requiring certain information be provided regarding any business other than the election of Director by the proposing stockholder(s);

 

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·                  requiring certain information and documentation to be provided by the proposing stockholder(s) as to the proposing stockholder(s) and certain of its(their) affiliates; and

 

·                  providing that the proposing stockholder(s) is(are) responsible for ensuring compliance with the advance notice provisions, that any responses of the stockholder(s) to any request for information will not cure any incompleteness, inaccuracy or failure in the notice of the proposing stockholder(s) and that neither we, nor our Board of Directors, any committee of our Board of Directors or any of our officers has any duty to request clarification or updating information or to inform the proposing stockholder(s) of any defect in the notice of the proposing stockholder(s).

 

Only the business brought before a special meeting pursuant to our notice of the meeting may be considered at a special meeting of stockholders. Under our Bylaws, nominations of individuals for election as Directors may be made at a special meeting of our stockholders at which Directors are to be elected pursuant to our notice of meeting, by or at the direction of our Board of Directors, or if there are no Directors and the special meeting is called by one or more of our officers for the election of successor Directors; provided, however, that nominations of individuals to serve as Directors at a special meeting may only be made by (1) the Board of Directors or officers of the Corporation who called the special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more Directors or (2) provided that our Board of Directors has determined that Directors will be elected at such special meeting, by one or more stockholders wishing to make a nomination who satisfy and comply with all of the timing and information requirements applicable to an annual meeting of stockholders.  Under our Bylaws, in the event that our Board of Directors (or an officer of ours) calls a special meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more Directors, stockholder(s) who meet(s) the requirements set forth in our Bylaws may nominate an individual or individuals (as the case may be) for election as a Director if the stockholder(s) provide(s) timely notice, in writing, to our Secretary at our principal executive offices, containing the information and following the procedures required by the advance notice provisions in our Bylaws, as described above for submitting nominations for consideration at an annual meeting of our stockholders.  To be timely, such notice must be delivered not earlier than the 150th day prior to such special meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the later of (i) the 120th day prior to such special meeting or (ii) the 10th day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and the nominees proposed to be voted on at the special meeting.  Neither the postponement or adjournment of a special meeting, nor the public announcement of such postponement or adjournment, will commence a new time period for the giving of a notice by one or more stockholders.

 

Meetings of Stockholders

 

A meeting of our stockholders for the election of Directors and the transaction of any business will be held annually on a date and at the time and place set by our Board of Directors. Our Chief Executive Officer, the chairman of our Board, our President or our Board of Directors may call a special meeting of our stockholders. Subject to the provisions of our Bylaws, a special meeting

 

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of our stockholders to act on any matter that may properly be brought before a meeting of our stockholders will be called by our Secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the special meeting.

 

Action by Written Consent

 

Our Charter provides that any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting only by a unanimous written consent of stockholders entitled to vote on the action.

 

Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers and Others

 

The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision eliminating the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.  Our Charter contains a provision which eliminates the liability of our Directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by the MGCL.

 

The MGCL requires us (unless our Charter were to provide otherwise, which our Charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity.  The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to or in which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party or witness by reason of their service in those capacities.  However, a Maryland corporation is not permitted to provide indemnification if the following is established:

 

·                  the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;

 

·                  the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or

 

·                  in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

 

In addition, under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify a director or officer in a suit by the corporation or in its right in which the director or officer was adjudged liable to the corporation or in a suit in which the director or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received.  Nevertheless, a court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged

 

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liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received.  However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by the corporation or in its right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses.

 

The MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of the following:

 

·                  a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and

 

·                  a written undertaking by him or her, or on his or her behalf, to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that this standard of conduct was not met.

 

Our Charter requires us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of a final disposition of a proceeding to, any present or former Director or officer of our company (including any predecessor of our company), any person who is or was serving at our request (including any predecessor of our company) as an officer, director, member, trustee, manager or partner of another person, Hospitality Properties Trust (“HPT”), RMR, The RMR Group Inc. (“RMR Inc.” and, together with HPT and RMR, collectively, the “Other Indemnitees”), and the respective trustees, directors and officers of the Other Indemnitees, unless, with respect to the Other Indemnitees and the respective trustees, directors and officers of the Other Indemnitees, there has been a final, nonappealable judgment entered by an arbiter determining that such person or entity acted in bad faith or engaged in fraud, willful misconduct or, in the case of a criminal matter, acted with knowledge that his, her or its conduct was unlawful.  Except with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, we are required to indemnify any person or entity described in this paragraph in connection with a proceeding initiated by him, her or it against us only if such proceeding was authorized by our Board of Directors.  The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses vest immediately upon an individual’s election or appointment as a Director or officer or his or her designation as an Indemnitee (as such term is defined in our Charter).

 

We expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our Directors and officers providing for rights to and procedures for indemnification by us to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and advancements by us of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or proceedings arising from service to us.  We also maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance for our Directors and officers.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to our Directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions of Maryland law and our Charter, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and therefore is unenforceable.

 

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Bylaws

 

Our Charter and Bylaws provide that our Bylaws may be amended or repealed and new Bylaws adopted only by our Board of Directors.

 

Stockholder liability

 

Under the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), a stockholder is generally not personally liable for the obligations of a Maryland corporation solely as a result of his or her status as a stockholder.  Under our Charter, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, each stockholder is liable to us (and any of our subsidiaries or affiliates) for, and is required to indemnify and hold us (and any of our subsidiaries and affiliates) harmless from and against, all costs, expenses, penalties, fines or other amounts, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ and other professional fees, whether third party or internal, arising from a stockholder’s breach of or failure to fully comply with any covenant, condition or provision of our Charter or Bylaws or any action by or against us (or any of our subsidiaries and affiliates) in which the stockholder is not the prevailing party, and shall pay such amounts on demand, together with interest on such amounts, which interest will accrue at the rate of interest provided in the Bylaws for indemnification amounts payable by a stockholder to any such indemnitee or, if the Bylaws do not provide for a rate of interest for any such amount, the lesser of 15% per annum compounded and the maximum amount permitted by law, in each case, from the date such costs or other amounts are incurred until the receipt of payment.

 

Business opportunities

 

Our Charter provides that we have the power, by resolution of our Board of Directors, to renounce any interest or expectancy of ours in, or being offered an opportunity to participate in, any business opportunity that is presented to us or one or more of our Directors or officers and that Directors shall have no obligation or duty to present any business opportunities to us that may become available to such Director or to affiliates of such Director.  In addition, our Charter provides that, unless otherwise provided in a written agreement with us, notwithstanding any duty that might otherwise exist, it shall not be a breach of any duty or other obligation of any Director for the Director or an affiliate of such Director to engage in any outside business interests and activities in preference to or to the exclusion of us or to compete directly with us.

 

Quorum and voting by stockholders

 

Whenever our stockholders are required or permitted to take any action by a vote, the action may be taken by a vote at a meeting of our stockholders at which a quorum is present.  The presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the meeting.  Subject to any voting rights provided to holders of shares of another class or series of stock at any time outstanding and except as otherwise provided in our Charter, including with respect to amendments to our Charter and certain extraordinary actions described below under the heading “Merger, conversion, transfer or other disposition of assets, etc.”, the following matters, including the election of Directors, submitted by our Board to the stockholders for approval or

 

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otherwise voted upon by the stockholders, require the following vote by the stockholders, at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present: (i) the election of any Managing Director or any Independent Director in an uncontested election, a plurality of all the votes cast by stockholders, voting together as a single class; (ii) any other election of a Director nominated by the Board, the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the election, voting together as a single class; (iii) any other matter that has been approved previously by the Board, a majority of all votes cast by stockholders, voting together as a single class; and (iv) any matter that has not been approved previously by the Board, the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least 75% of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, voting together as a single class.

 

Business combinations

 

Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder (defined generally as any person that beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of the corporation that, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation), or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination must generally be recommended by the board of directors of the Maryland corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (a) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting stock of the corporation and (b) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors of the Maryland corporation approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder.

 

These provisions of the MGCL do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.

 

Control share acquisitions

 

The MGCL provides that a holder of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” has no voting rights with respect to the control shares except to the extent approved by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of such shares in the election of directors: (1) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (2) an officer of the

 

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corporation or (3) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock owned by the acquirer, or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (A) one-tenth or more but less than one-third; (B) one-third or more but less than a majority; or (C) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares that the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

 

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses and making an “acquiring person statement” as described in the MGCL), may compel the directors of the Maryland corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

 

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an “acquiring person statement” as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or, if a meeting of stockholders is held at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved, as of the date of such meeting.  If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

 

The control share acquisition statute does not apply to (a) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

 

Our Bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. There is no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

 

Subtitle 8

 

Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL (“Subtitle 8”) permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:

 

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·                  a classified board;

 

·                  a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;

 

·                  a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors;

 

·                  a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors, even if they do not constitute a quorum, and for the replacement director to serve for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and

 

·                  a majority requirement for the calling of a stockholder-requested special meeting of stockholders.

 

We have elected in our Charter to be subject to the provision of Subtitle 8 providing that vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the remaining directors.  Through other provisions in our Charter and Bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (1) have a classified board; (2) require the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 75% of all of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors for the removal of any Director, which removal will be allowed only for cause; (3) vest in our Board of Directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships; and (4) require, unless called by our Chief Executive Officer, the chairman of our Board, our President or the Board of Directors, the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all votes entitled to be cast at such a meeting to call a special meeting of stockholders.

 

Amendments to our Charter

 

Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally may not amend its charter unless such action is first approved and declared advisable by the corporation’s board of directors and then approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.  However, the MGCL allows a Maryland corporation’s charter to set a lower percentage, so long as the percentage is not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.  Under our Charter, amendments to our Charter may be made if first approved by our Board of Directors and, to the extent a stockholder vote is required under the MGCL, then approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by our stockholders entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class. However, if the amendment is to reduce the percentage of outstanding shares of stock required to take any action (i.e., reducing a vote that requires two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter to a majority), such amendment will require the affirmative vote of holders of outstanding shares constituting not less than the voting requirement sought to be reduced (e.g., in the example set forth in the prior parenthetical, two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter).

 

Merger, conversion, transfer or other disposition of assets, etc.

 

Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally may not merge, convert into another form of entity or transfer all or substantially all of its assets unless such action is first approved and declared advisable by the corporation’s board of directors and then approved by the affirmative

 

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vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.  The statute allows a Maryland corporation’s charter to set a lower percentage, so long as the percentage is not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.  Under our Charter, any merger, combination or consolidation of us with or into, or transfer of all or substantially all our assets to, another entity or conversion of us to another entity may be effected only if first approved by our Board of Directors and, to the extent a stockholder vote is required under the MGCL, then approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by our stockholders entitled to vote thereon.

 

Regulatory Compliance and Disclosure

 

Our Bylaws provide that any stockholder who, by virtue of such stockholder’s ownership of our shares of stock or actions taken by the stockholder affecting us, triggers the application of any requirement or regulation of any federal, state, municipal or other governmental or regulatory body on us or any of our subsidiaries must promptly take all actions necessary and fully cooperate with us to ensure that such requirements or regulations are satisfied without restricting, imposing additional obligations on or in any way limiting the business, assets, operations or prospects of us or any of our subsidiaries. If the stockholder fails or is otherwise unable to promptly take such actions so as to cause satisfaction of such requirements or regulations, such stockholder shall promptly divest a sufficient number of our shares necessary to cause the application of such requirement or regulation to not apply to us or any of our subsidiaries. If the stockholder fails to cause such satisfaction or divest itself of such sufficient number of our shares by not later than the tenth day after triggering such requirement or regulation referred to in the Bylaws, then any of our shares beneficially owned by such stockholder at and in excess of the level triggering the application of such requirement or regulation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be deemed to constitute shares held in violation of the ownership limitations set forth in our Charter. Also, our Bylaws provide that if the stockholder who triggers the application of any regulation or requirement fails to satisfy the requirements or regulations or to take curative actions within such ten-day period, we may take all other actions which our Board of Directors deems appropriate to require compliance or to preserve the value of our assets, and we may charge the offending stockholder for our costs and expenses as well as any damages which may result.

 

Our Bylaws also provide that if a stockholder, by virtue of such stockholder’s ownership of our shares of stock or its receipt or exercise of proxies to vote shares owned by other stockholders, would not be permitted to vote such stockholder’s shares or exercise proxies for such shares in excess of a certain amount pursuant to applicable law but our Board of Directors determines that the excess shares or shares represented by the excess proxies are necessary to obtain a quorum, then such stockholder shall not be entitled to vote any such excess shares or proxies, and instead such excess shares or proxies may, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be voted by our management service provider or another person designated by our Board of Directors, in proportion to the total shares otherwise voted on such matter.

 

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Disputes by Stockholders

 

Our Charter and Bylaws provide that actions brought against us or any Director, officer, manager (including RMR or its successor), agent or employee of ours, by a stockholder, including derivative and class actions, shall, on the demand of any party to such dispute, be resolved through binding arbitration in accordance with the procedures set forth in our Charter and Bylaws.

 

Exclusive Forum Bylaw

 

Our Bylaws currently provide that, unless the dispute has been referred to binding arbitration, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland will be the sole and exclusive forum for: (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (2) any action asserting a claim for breach of a duty owed by any director, officer, manager, agent or employee of ours to us or our stockholders; (3) any action asserting a claim against us or any director, officer, manager, agent or employee of ours arising pursuant to Maryland law or our Charter or Bylaws brought by or on behalf of a stockholder either on such stockholder’s own behalf, on our behalf or on behalf of any series or class of our shares of stock or stockholders against us or any of our directors, officers, manager, agents or employees, including any claims relating to the meaning, interpretation, effect, validity, performance or enforcement of our Charter or Bylaws; or (4) any action asserting a claim against us or any director, officer, manager, agent or employee of ours that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Maryland. The exclusive forum provision of our Bylaws does not apply to any dispute that has been referred to binding arbitration in accordance with our Charter or Bylaws, and does not purport to establish exclusive jurisdiction in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland for claims that arise under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal securities laws if there is exclusive or concurrent jurisdiction in the federal courts. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in our shares of common stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the exclusive forum provisions of our Bylaws.

 

Anti-takeover effect of Certain Provisions of our Charter and Bylaws

 

Provisions of our governing documents, including, for example, our restrictions on transfer and ownership of our shares of common stock, our classified Board of Directors, our stockholder voting rights and standards, the power of our Board of Directors to amend our Charter to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of stock, to authorize us to issue additional shares of common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of stock in certain circumstances without stockholder approval and our Director qualifications, could delay or prevent a change in control of us. The limitations in our Charter and Bylaws on the right of our stockholders to propose nominations of individuals for election as Directors or other proposals of business to be considered at meetings of our stockholders, including the compliance with disclosure requirements related thereto, may delay, defer or prevent our stockholders from making proposals that could be beneficial to our stockholders.

 

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