Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted and, accordingly, the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 has been derived from the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any future period.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 21, 2025.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, accruals for research and development activities, stock-based compensation, income taxes, marketable securities and leases. Estimates related to revenue recognition include assumptions used to determine standalone selling price utilized to allocate the transaction price between distinct performance obligations, assumptions used to recognize revenue over time for certain performance obligations for which a cost-based input method is used as the measure of progress and estimates of whether contingent consideration should be included in the transaction price at each reporting period. Management bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to forecasted amounts and future events. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

There has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets due to a number of factors, including geopolitical instability, inflationary pressures, high interest rates, a recessionary environment, domestic and global monetary and fiscal policy, changes in trade policy, including tariffs or other trade restrictions or the threat of such actions, banking and other financial institution instability and other factors. Our business may also be impacted by changes or disruptions at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and other government agencies. The Company has taken into consideration any known impacts to its accounting estimates to date and is not aware of any additional specific events or circumstances that would require any additional updates to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Cash as Reported in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Cash as reported in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows includes the aggregate amounts of cash and cash equivalents and the restricted cash as presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Cash as reported in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows consisted of (in thousands):

	March 31,
	2025		2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	139,653	$	172,568
Restricted cash - noncurrent		225		225
Total cash reported on condensed consolidated statements of cash flows	$	139,878	$	172,793

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company has granted stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”).

Stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options is based on the estimated grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions related to expected stock price volatility, option term, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. The Company recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest.

Stock-based compensation expense associated with RSUs is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date, which equals the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. For RSUs, the Company recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest.

PSUs allow the recipients of such awards to earn fully vested shares of the Company’s common stock upon the achievement of pre-established performance objectives. Stock-based compensation expense associated with PSUs is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date, which equals the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and is recognized when the performance objective is expected to be achieved. The Company evaluates the probability of achieving the performance criteria on a quarterly basis. The cumulative effect on current and prior periods of a change in the estimated number of PSUs expected to be earned is recognized as compensation expense or as reduction of previously recognized compensation expense in the period of the revised estimate. The Company recognized $1.8 million of stock-based compensation expense related to PSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The Company recognizes forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.

Total stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
Research and development	$	7,991	$	5,288
General and administrative		5,811		4,064
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	13,802	$	9,352

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to those disclosed in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted as of March 31, 2025

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires public business entities to disclose specific categories in the income tax rate reconciliation annually and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a qualitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 also requires that entities disclose annually additional information about income taxes paid and disaggregated information for certain items. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2025. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03 Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires detailed disclosures about specified categories of expenses (including employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. In January 2025, the FASB issued an update to ASU 2024-03 clarifying that all public business entities should initially adopt the disclosure requirements in the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning on January 1, 2027, and for interim periods beginning on January 1, 2028. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance may be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of ASU 2024-03 or (2) retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements and continues to evaluate disclosure presentation alternatives.