Debt and Other Obligations

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt and Other Obligations

.  Debt and Other Obligations

General

The TVA Act authorizes TVA to issue Bonds in an amount not to exceed $30.0 billion at any time.  At September 30, 2025, TVA had only two types of Bonds outstanding: power bonds and discount notes.  Power bonds have maturities between one year and 50 years, and discount notes have maturities of less than one year.  Power bonds and discount notes are both issued pursuant to Section 15d of the TVA Act and pursuant to the Basic Tennessee Valley Authority Power Bond Resolution adopted by the TVA Board on October 6, 1960, as amended on September 28, 1976, October 17, 1989, and March 25, 1992 (the "Basic Resolution").  Bonds are not obligations of the U.S., and the U.S. does not guarantee the payments of principal or interest on Bonds.

Power bonds and discount notes rank on parity and have first priority of payment from net power proceeds, which are defined as the remainder of TVA's gross power revenues after deducting the costs of operating, maintaining, and administering its power properties and tax equivalent payments, but before deducting depreciation accruals or other charges representing the amortization of capital expenditures, plus the net proceeds from the sale or other disposition of any power facility or interest therein.

TVA considers its scheduled payments under its lease financing arrangements involving John Sevier CCF, Southaven CCF, and Johnsonville Facility as costs of operating, maintaining, and administering its power properties. Costs of operating, maintaining, and administering TVA's power properties have priority over TVA's payments on the Bonds.  Once net power proceeds have been applied to payments on power bonds and discount notes as well as any other Bonds that TVA may issue in the future that rank on parity with or subordinate to power bonds and discount notes, Section 2.3 of the Basic Resolution provides that the remaining net power proceeds shall be used only for (1) minimum payments into the U.S. Treasury required by the TVA Act as repayment of, and as a return on, the Power Program Appropriation Investment; (2) investment in power system assets; (3) additional reductions of TVA's capital obligations; and (4) other lawful purposes related to TVA's power business.

The TVA Act and the Basic Resolution each contain two bond tests: the rate test and the bondholder protection test.  Under the rate test, TVA must charge rates for power which will produce gross revenues sufficient to provide funds for, among other things, debt service on outstanding Bonds.  As of September 30, 2025, TVA was in compliance with the rate test. Under the bondholder protection test, TVA must, in successive five-year periods, use an amount of net power proceeds at least equal to the sum of (1) the depreciation accruals and other charges representing the amortization of capital expenditures and (2) the net proceeds from any disposition of power facilities for either the reduction of its capital obligations (including Bonds and the Power Program Appropriation Investment) or investment in power assets. TVA met the bondholder protection test for the five-year period ended September 30, 2025 and must next meet the bondholder protection test for the five-year period ending September 30, 2030.

Secured Debt of VIEs

In October 2024, JACTG issued secured notes totaling $720 million that bear interest at a rate of 5.078 percent. Also in October 2024, JHLLC issued secured notes totaling $80 million that bear interest at a rate of 5.74 percent. The JACTG notes and the JHLLC notes require amortizing semi-annual payments on each April 1, and October 1, and mature on October 1, 2054. See Note 12 — Variable Interest Entities — Johnsonville VIEs. TVA used the proceeds from the transaction primarily to fund the construction of the Johnsonville Facility.

In August 2013, SCCG issued secured notes totaling $360 million that bear interest at a rate of 3.846 percent. The SCCG notes require amortizing semi-annual payments on each February 15 and August 15, and mature on August 15, 2033. Also in August 2013, SCCG issued $40 million of membership interests subject to mandatory redemption. The proceeds from the secured notes issuance and the issuance of the membership interests were paid to TVA in accordance with the terms of the Southaven head lease. See Note 12 — Variable Interest Entities — Southaven VIE. TVA used the proceeds from the transaction primarily to fund the acquisition of the Southaven CCF from SSSL.

In January 2012, JSCCG issued secured notes totaling $900 million in aggregate principal amount that bear interest at a rate of 4.626 percent. Also in January 2012, Holdco issued secured notes totaling $100 million that bear interest at a rate of 7.1 percent. The JSCCG notes and the Holdco notes require amortizing semi-annual payments on each January 15 and July 15, and mature on January 15, 2042. The Holdco notes require a $10 million balloon payment upon maturity. See Note 12 — Variable Interest Entities — John Sevier VIEs. TVA used the proceeds from the transaction to meet its requirements under the TVA Act.

Secured debt of VIEs, including current maturities, outstanding at September 30, 2025 and 2024 totaled $1.7 billion and $934 million, respectively.

Short-Term Debt

    The following table provides information regarding TVA's short-term borrowings:

Short-Term Borrowings At September 30
	2025			2024
Gross amount outstanding - discount notes (in millions)	$	—		$	1,168
Weighted average interest rate - discount notes	—		%	4.76		%

Put Options

TVA has two issues of Putable Automatic Rate Reset Securities ("PARRS") outstanding.  After a fixed-rate period of five years, the coupon rate on the PARRS may automatically be reset downward under certain market conditions on an annual basis.  The coupon rate reset on the PARRS is based on a calculation.  For both series of PARRS, the coupon rate will reset downward on the reset date if the rate calculated is below the then-current coupon rate on the Bond.  The calculation dates, potential reset dates, and terms of the calculation are different for each series.  The coupon rate on the 1998 Series D PARRS may be reset on June 1 (annually) if the sum of the five-day average of the 30-Year Constant Maturity Treasury ("CMT") rate for the week ending the last Friday in April, plus 94 basis points, is below the then-current coupon rate.  The coupon rate on the 1999 Series A PARRS may be reset on May 1 (annually) if the sum of the five-day average of the 30-Year CMT rate for the week ending the last Friday in March, plus 84 basis points, is below the then-current coupon rate.  The coupon rates may only be reset downward, but investors may request to redeem their Bonds at par value in conjunction with a coupon rate reset for a limited period of time prior to the reset dates under certain circumstances.

The coupon rate for the 1998 Series D PARRS, which mature in June 2028, has been reset eight times, from an initial rate of 6.750 percent to the current rate of 2.134 percent.  In connection with these resets, $318 million of the Bonds have been redeemed; therefore, $256 million of the Bonds were outstanding at September 30, 2025.  The coupon rate for the 1999 Series A PARRS, which mature in May 2029, has been reset seven times, from an initial rate of 6.50 percent to the current rate of 2.216 percent.  In connection with these resets, $316 million of the Bonds have been redeemed; therefore, $208 million of the Bonds were outstanding at September 30, 2025.

Due to the contingent nature of the put option on the PARRS, TVA determines whether the PARRS should be classified as long-term debt or current maturities of long-term debt by calculating the expected reset rate for the Bonds on the calculation dates, described above.  If the determination date for reset is before the balance sheet date of the reporting period and the expected reset rate is less than the then-current coupon rate on the PARRS, the PARRS are included in current maturities. Otherwise, the PARRS are included in long-term debt.  

Debt Securities Activity

The table below summarizes the long-term debt securities activity for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Debt Securities Activity For the years ended September 30 (in millions)
3967	2025		2024
Issues
Variable interest entities	$	800	$	—
2024 Series A(1)	—		1,000
2025 Series A(2)	1,250		—
2025 Series B(3)	1,500		—
2025 Series C(4)	1,250		—
Discount on debt issues	(33)		(9)
Total	$	4,767	$	991
Redemptions/Maturities(5)
2009 Series B	$	22	$	22
2014 Series A	—		1,000
2020 Series A	1,000		—
Total redemptions/maturities of power bonds	1,022		1,022
Debt of variable interest entities	41		35
Total redemptions/maturities of debt	$	1,063	$	1,057

Notes

(1) The 2024 Series A Bonds were issued at 99.109 percent of par.

(2) The 2025 Series A Bonds were issued at 98.517 percent of par.

(3) The 2025 Series B Bonds were issued at 99.360 percent of par.

(4) The 2025 Series C Bonds were issued at 99.593 percent of par.

(5) All redemptions were at 100 percent of par.

Debt Outstanding

    Total debt outstanding at September 30, 2025 and 2024, consisted of the following: 

Short-Term Debt At September 30 (in millions)
CUSIP or Other Identifier	Maturity	Coupon Rate	2025		2024
Short-term debt, net of discounts			$	—	$	1,167
Current maturities of long-term debt of variable interest entities			49		37
Current maturities of power bonds issued at par
880591EW8	5/15/2025	0.750%	—		1,000
880591CJ9(1)	11/1/2025	6.750%	1,350		—
880591EF5	12/15/2025	3.770%	—		1
880591EF5	6/15/2026	3.770%	20		21
Total current maturities of power bonds issued at par			1,370		1,022
Total current debt outstanding, net			$	1,419	$	2,226

Notes

(1) On November 1, 2025, TVA redeemed a $1.4 billion power bond due to maturity. TVA's next significant power bond maturity is $1.0 billion in February 2027.

Long-Term Debt At September 30 (in millions)
CUSIP or Other Identifier	Maturity	Coupon Rate		2025 Par			2024 Par			Stock Exchange Listings
880591CJ9	11/1/2025	6.750%		$	—		$	1,350		New York, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Singapore
880591EU2	2/1/2027	2.875%		1,000			1,000			New York
880591EZ1	3/15/2028	3.875%		1,000			1,000			New York
880591300(1)	6/1/2028	2.134%		256			256			New York
880591409(1)	5/1/2029	2.216%		208			208			New York
880591DM1	5/1/2030	7.125%		1,000			1,000			New York, Luxembourg
880591FE7	8/1/2030	3.875%		1,250			—			New York
880591EX6	9/15/2031	1.500%		500			500			New York
880591DP4	6/7/2032	6.587%	(2)	337		(3)	335		(3)	New York, Luxembourg
880591DV1	7/15/2033	4.700%		472			472			New York, Luxembourg
880591EF5	6/15/2034	3.770%		96			116			None
880591FB3	8/1/2034	4.375%		1,000			1,000			New York
880591FD9	5/15/2035	4.875%		1,500			—			New York
880591DX7	6/15/2035	4.650%		436			436			New York
880591CK6	4/1/2036	5.980%		121			121			New York
880591CS9	4/1/2036	5.880%		1,500			1,500			New York
880591CP5	1/15/2038	6.150%		1,000			1,000			New York
880591ED0	6/15/2038	5.500%		500			500			New York
880591EH1	9/15/2039	5.250%		2,000			2,000			New York
880591EP3	12/15/2042	3.500%		1,000			1,000			New York
880591DU3	6/7/2043	4.962%	(2)	202		(3)	201		(3)	New York, Luxembourg
880591EB4	1/15/2048	4.875%		500			500			New York, Luxembourg
880591EY4	9/15/2052	4.250%		500			500			New York
880591FC1	2/1/2055	5.250%		1,250			—			New York
880591DZ2	4/1/2056	5.375%		1,000			1,000			New York
880591EJ7	9/15/2060	4.625%		1,000			1,000			New York
880591ES7	9/15/2065	4.250%		1,000			1,000			New York
Subtotal				20,628			17,995
Unamortized discounts, premiums, issue costs, and other				(167)			(128)
Total long-term outstanding power bonds, net				20,461			17,867
Long-term debt of VIEs, net				1,632			897
Total long-term debt, net				$	22,093		$	18,764

Notes

(1) TVA PARRS, CUSIP numbers 880591300 and 880591409, may be redeemed under certain conditions.  See Put Options above.

(2) The coupon rate represents TVA's effective interest rate.

(3) CUSIP numbers 880591DP4 and 880591DU3 include total net exchange gain from currency transactions of $59 million and $62 million at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

Maturities Due in the Year Ending September 30 (in millions)
	2026		2027		2028		2029		2030		Thereafter		Total
Long-term power bonds including current maturities(1)	$	1,370	$	1,020	$	1,272	$	220	$	2,262	$	15,913	$	22,057

Notes

(1) Long-term power bonds do not include non-cash items of foreign currency exchange gain of $59 million, unamortized debt issue costs of $54 million, or net discount on sale of Bonds of $113 million.

Credit Facility Agreements

TVA has funding available under four revolving credit facilities totaling $2.7 billion. See the table below for additional information on the four long-term revolving credit facilities. The interest rate on any borrowing under these facilities varies based on market factors and the rating of TVA's senior unsecured, long-term, non-credit-enhanced debt. TVA is required to pay an unused facility fee on the portion of the total $2.7 billion that TVA has not borrowed or committed under letters of credit. This fee, along with letter of credit fees, may fluctuate depending on the rating of TVA's senior unsecured, long-term, non-credit-enhanced debt. At September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were $498 million and $566 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding under these facilities, and there were no borrowings outstanding. TVA's letters of credit are primarily posted as collateral under TVA's interest rate swaps. See Note 16 — Risk Management Activities and Derivative Transactions — Other Derivative Instruments — Collateral. TVA may also post collateral for TVA's currency swaps, for commodity derivatives under the FHP, or for certain transactions with third parties that require TVA to post letters of credit.

The following table provides additional information regarding TVA's funding available under the four revolving credit facilities:

Summary of Credit Facilities At September 30, 2025 (in millions)
Maturity Date	Facility Limit		Letters of Credit Outstanding		Cash Borrowings		Availability
March 2026	$	150	$	38	$	—	$	112
March 2027	1,000		135		—		865
February 2028	500		215		—		285
September 2030	1,000		110		—		890
Total	$	2,650	$	498	$	—	$	2,152

TVA and the U.S. Treasury, pursuant to the TVA Act, have entered into a memorandum of understanding under which the U.S. Treasury provides TVA with a $150 million credit facility. This credit facility was renewed for 2026 with a maturity date of September 30, 2026. Access to this credit facility or other similar financing arrangements with the U.S. Treasury has been available to TVA since the 1960s. TVA can borrow under the U.S. Treasury credit facility only if it cannot issue Bonds in the market on reasonable terms, and TVA considers the U.S. Treasury credit facility a secondary source of liquidity. The interest rate on any borrowing under this facility is based on the average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the U.S. with maturities from date of issue of 12 months or less. There were no outstanding borrowings under the facility at September 30, 2025. The availability of this credit facility may be impacted by how the U.S. government addresses the possibility of approaching its debt limit.