4. Revenue Recognition

The following disclosure represents the Company’s effort to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers in accordance with ASU 2014-09. The Company operates through three business segments that are aligned with key product types and end markets served:

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Couplings, Clutches & Brakes. Couplings are the interface between two shafts, which enable power to be transmitted from one shaft to the other. Clutches in this segment are devices that use mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or friction type connections to facilitate engaging or disengaging two rotating members. Brakes are combinations of interacting parts that work to slow or stop machinery. Products in this segment are generally used in heavy industrial applications and energy markets.

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Electromagnetic Clutches & Brakes. Products in this segment include brakes and clutches that are used to electronically slow, stop, engage or disengage equipment utilizing electromagnetic friction type connections. Products in this segment are used in industrial and commercial markets including agricultural machinery, material handling, motion control, and turf & garden.

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Gearing. Gears are utilized to reduce the speed and increase the torque of an electric motor or engine to the level required to drive a particular piece of equipment. Gears produced by the Company are primarily utilized in industrial applications.

We distribute our products through three primary distribution channels: Industrial distributors, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and direct to end users. Each of these segments sells similar products, which are balanced across end-user industries including, without limitation, energy, food processing, general industrial, material handling, mining, transportation, and turf & garden.

The following table disaggregates our revenue for each reportable segment. The Company believes that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective to depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

	Quarter Ended June 30,						Year to Date Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net Sales:
Couplings, Clutches & Brakes	$	122,734		$	110,969		$	242,907		$	217,201
Electromagnetic Clutches & Brakes		65,136		$	65,281		$	134,243		$	129,159
Gearing		51,567		$	49,149		$	105,452		$	96,177
Inter-segment eliminations		(2,114	)	$	(2,042	)	$	(4,894	)	$	(3,745	)
Net sales	$	237,323		$	223,357		$	477,708		$	438,792

Net sales to third parties by geographic region are as follows:

	Net Sales
	Quarter Ended				Year to Date Ended
	June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017		June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017
North America (primarily U.S.)	$	119,023	$	115,236	$	244,716	$	230,376
Europe		91,308		84,983		184,790		168,275
Asia and other		26,992		23,138		48,202		40,141
Total	$	237,323	$	223,357	$	477,708	$	438,792

The Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with a customer. The Company’s contracts with customers are generally for product only, and do not include other performance obligations such as professional services, extended warranties, or other material rights. In situations where sales are to a distributor, the Company has concluded that its contracts are with the distributor as the Company holds a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of its consideration of the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customer’s ability to pay (or credit risk). For each contract, the Company considers the promises to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. As the Company’s standard payment terms are less than one year, the Company has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment from the Company’s manufacturing site or delivery to the customer’s named location. In determining whether control has transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. In certain circumstances, the Company manufactures customized product without alternative use for its customers, which would generally result in the transfer of control over time. The Company has evaluated the amount of revenue subject to recognition over time and concluded that it is immaterial.

At times, the Company receives orders for products to be delivered over multiple dates that may extend across reporting periods. The Company invoices for each delivery upon shipment and recognizes revenues for each distinct product delivered, assuming transfer of control has occurred. As scheduled delivery dates are within one year, under the optional exemption provided by ASC 606-10-50-14 revenues allocated to future shipments of partially completed contracts are not disclosed.

The Company generally provides an assurance warranty that its products will substantially conform to the published specifications for twelve months from the date of shipment. The Company’s liability typically is limited to either a credit equal to the purchase price or replacement of the defective part. Returns under warranty have historically been immaterial. The Company does not consider activities related to such warranty, if any, to be a separate performance obligation. For certain of its products, the Company will separately sell extended warranty and service policies to its customers. These policies typically are for periods ranging from one to three years. Payments received are deferred and recognized over the policy period. For all periods presented, the revenue recognized and the revenue deferred under these policies is not material to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The payment terms and conditions in our customer contracts vary. In some cases, customers will partially prepay for their goods; in other cases, after appropriate credit evaluations, payment will be due in arrears. In addition, there are constraints that cause variability in the ultimate consideration to be recognized. These constraints typically include early payment discounts, volume rebates, rights of return, surcharges, and other customer consolidation. When the timing of the Company’s recognition of revenue is different from the timing of payments made by the customer, the Company recognizes either a contract asset (performance precedes contractual due date) or a contract liability (customer payment precedes performance or is in excess of estimates of what the Company expects to be entitled to). Contracts with payment in arrears are recognized as receivables. The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract asset, contract liability, and receivables are as follows:

	Deferred Revenue (Current)		Accounts Receivable
Beginning - January 1, 2018	$	2,189	$	135,499
Closing - June 30, 2018		5,155		146,419
Increase/(Decrease)	$	2,966	$	10,920

The amounts of revenue recognized in the year to date period ended June 30, 2018 that were included in deferred revenue was $5.2 million. This revenue consists primarily of revenue recognized for prepaid shipments of product.

The Company has concluded that none of the costs it has incurred to obtain and fulfill its contracts meet the capitalization criteria, and as such, there are no costs deferred and recognized as assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.