Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Net Income Per Share

Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding. Common stock equivalent shares are included in the per share calculations when the effect of their inclusion is dilutive.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy, as follows:

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Level 1- Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Level 2- Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived

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Level 3- Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a remaining maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

The carrying values of financial instruments, including accounts receivable, cash equivalents, accounts payable, and other accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company determines the fair value of financial instruments using quoted market prices whenever available. When quoted market prices are not available for various types of financial instruments (such as forwards, options and swaps), the Company uses standard models with market-based inputs, which take into account the present value of estimated future cash flows and the ability of the Company or the financial counterparty to perform. For interest rate and cross currency swaps, the significant inputs to these models are interest rate curves for discounting future cash flows and are adjusted for credit risk. For forward foreign currency contracts, the significant inputs are interest rate curves for discounting future cash flows, and exchange rate curves of the foreign currency for translating future cash flows. See additional discussion of the Company’s use of financial instruments including a cross-currency swap included in Note 13.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States with a functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar are translated into U.S. Dollars using exchange rates at the end of the respective period. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates effective during the respective period.

Foreign currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Net foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the results of operations in the period incurred and included in other non-operating expense (income), net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Trade Receivables

An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded for estimated collection losses that will be incurred in the collection of receivables. Estimated losses are based on historical collection experience, as well as a review by management of the status of all receivables. Collection losses have been within the Company’s expectations.

Inventories

Inventories are generally stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method.

The cost of inventories acquired by the Company in its acquisitions reflect fair value at the date of acquisition as determined by the Company based on the replacement cost of raw materials, the sales price of the finished goods less an appropriate amount representing the expected profitability from selling efforts, and for work-in-process the sales price of the finished goods less an appropriate amount representing the expected profitability from selling efforts and costs to complete.

The Company periodically reviews its quantities of inventories on hand and compares these amounts to the expected usage of each particular product or product line. The Company records a charge to cost of sales for any amounts required to reduce the carrying value of inventories to its estimated net realizable value.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation.

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment, including capital leases is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, as follows:

Buildings and improvements		15 to 45 years
Machinery and equipment		2 to 15 years
Capital lease		Life of lease

Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the asset or the life of the lease, if shorter.

Improvements and replacements are capitalized to the extent that they increase the useful economic life or increase the expected economic benefit of the underlying asset. Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to expense as incurred.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets represent product technology, patents, tradenames, trademarks and customer relationships. Product technology, patents and customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over 8 to 17 years, which approximates the period of economic benefit. The tradenames and trademarks are considered indefinite-lived assets and are not being amortized. Intangibles are stated at fair value on the date of acquisition. Intangibles are stated net of accumulated amortization.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid by the Company over the fair value of the net assets acquired in each of the Company’s acquisitions.

Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

The Company conducts an annual impairment review of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in December of each year, unless events occur which trigger the need for an interim impairment review.

In connection with the Company’s annual impairment review, goodwill is assessed for impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value using a two-step approach. In the first step, the Company estimates future cash flows based upon historical results and current market projections, discounted at a market comparable rate. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value, impairment may be present, the Company would then be required to perform a second step in its impairment analysis. In the second step, the Company would evaluate impairment losses based upon the fair value of the underlying assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, and estimate the implied fair value of the goodwill. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that a reporting unit’s recorded value of the goodwill asset exceeded its deemed fair value. In addition, to the extent the implied fair value of any indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than the asset’s carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized on those assets. The Company did not identify any impairment of goodwill during the periods presented.

For our indefinite-lived intangible assets, mainly trademarks, we estimated the fair value first by estimating the total revenue attributable to the trademarks for each of the reporting units. Second, we estimated an appropriate royalty rate using the return on assets method by estimating the required financial return on our assets, excluding trademarks, less the overall return generated by our total asset base. The return as a percentage of revenue provides an indication of our royalty rate (between 1.0% and 1.25%). We compared the estimated fair value of our trademarks with the carrying value of the trademarks. For our indefinite lived intangible assets, mainly trademarks, we estimate the fair value by first estimating the total revenue attributable to the trademarks. Second, we estimate an appropriate royalty rate using the return on assets method by estimating the required financial return on our assets, excluding trademarks, less the overall return generated by our total asset base. The return as a percentage of revenue provides an indication of our royalty rate. We compared the estimated fair value of our trademarks with the carrying value of the trademarks and recorded an impairment to the carrying value of the TB Woods trademark of $6.6 million as a result of decreased revenues due to the decline in the oil and gas market.

Preparation of forecasts of revenue and profitability growth for use in the long-range plan and the discount rate require significant use of judgment. Changes to the discount rate and the forecasted profitability could affect the estimated fair value of one or more of the Company’s reporting units and could result in a goodwill impairment charge in a future period.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Other Than Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Long-lived assets, including definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long lived asset may not be recovered. Long-lived assets are considered to be impaired if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset over its remaining useful life. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value, and is charged to results of operations at that time.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, the trademark impairment at TB Woods was identified and recorded. This indicated that there could be an impairment of long lived assets at that business. We assessed the other long lived assets at TB Woods for impairment and did not identify any indications of impairment.

Determining fair values based on discounted cash flows requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including forecasting of revenue and profitability growth for use in the long-range plan and estimating appropriate discount rates. Changes to the discount rate and the forecasted profitability could affect the estimated fair value of one or more of the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets and could result in an impairment charge in a future period.

Revenue Recognition

Product revenues are recognized, net of sales tax collected, at the time title and risk of loss pass to the customer, which generally occurs upon shipment to the customer. Product return reserves are accrued at the time of sale based on the historical relationship between shipments and returns, and are recorded as a reduction of net sales.

Certain large distribution customers receive annual volume discounts, which are estimated at the time the sale is recorded based on the estimated annual sales.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs associated with sales are classified as a component of cost of sales. Amounts collected from our customers for shipping and handling are recognized as revenue.

Warranty Costs

Estimated expenses related to product warranties are accrued at the time products are sold to customers. Estimates are established using historical information as to the nature, frequency, and average costs of warranty claims. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

Self-Insurance

Certain exposures are self-insured up to pre-determined amounts, above which third-party insurance applies, for medical claims, workers’ compensation, vehicle insurance, product liability costs and general liability exposure. The accompanying balance sheets include reserves for the estimated costs associated with these self-insured risks, based on historic experience factors and management’s estimates for known and anticipated claims. A portion of medical insurance costs are offset by charging employees a premium equivalent to group insurance rates. The costs of retained loss for the self-insurance programs, at each balance sheet date, have not been material in any period.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Advertising

Advertising costs are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred and amounted to approximately $2.8 million, $3.1 million and $2.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company evaluates the realizability of its net deferred tax assets and assesses the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. The future benefit to be derived from its deferred tax assets is dependent upon the Company’s ability to generate sufficient future taxable income to realize the assets. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that may be more likely than not to be realized.

To the extent the Company establishes a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets generated from operations, an expense will be recorded within the provision for income taxes. In periods subsequent to establishing a valuation allowance on net deferred assets from operations, if the Company were to determine that it would be able to realize its net deferred tax assets in excess of their net recorded amount, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be recorded as a reduction to income tax expense in the period such determination was made.

We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination, based upon our evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we record the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with the taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Interest and penalties are related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the consolidated statement of income and included in accruals and other long-term liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, where applicable. If we do not believe that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (“ASU 2016-16”). This ASU requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of many intercompany asset transfers at the transaction date. The seller and buyer will immediately recognize the current and deferred income tax consequences of an intercompany transfer of an asset other than inventory. The tax consequences were previously deferred until the asset is sold to a third party or recovered through use. This guidance will be effective for us on January 1, 2018. We are currently evaluating this guidance and the impact it will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments (a consensus of the emerging issues task force) (“ASU 2016-15”). This ASU addresses the following eight specific cash flow issues: Debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies (including bank-owned life insurance policies); distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. This guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. We do not expect that the impact of the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). The updated guidance revises aspects of stock-based compensation guidance which include income tax consequences, classification of awards as equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. We do not expect the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance will be material to our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). The ASU requires management to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for all operating leases. The ASU is effective for periods ending on December 15, 2018 and interim periods therein on a modified retrospective basis. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial statements but expect that we will record a material lease obligation upon the adoption of this standard.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (“ASU 2015-11”), which requires most entities to measure most inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value (“NRV”). This simplifies the evaluation from the current method of lower of cost or market, where market is based on one of three measures (i.e. replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less a normal profit margin). The ASU does not apply to inventories measured under the last-in, first-out method or the retail inventory method, and defines NRV as the “estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation.” The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for the Company beginning on January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial condition, results of operations or presentation of our financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-07”). ASU 2014-09 provides a single principles-based, five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. The five steps are to (i) identify the contracts with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contact, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (v) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue will be recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB agreed to delay the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for one year and to permit early adoption by entities as of the original effective dates. Considering the one year deferral, ASU 2014-09 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2018 and the standard allows for either full retrospective adoption or modified retrospective adoption. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on our financial condition, results of operations and the presentation of our financial statements, but currently does not expect the adoption to be material to our consolidated financial statements.