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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of net deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (in millions):
As of December 31,
20252024
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued compensation and benefits$23.3 $20.2 
Property, equipment and technology, net7.3 14.6 
Operating leases40.3 40.4 
Other99.9 88.7 
Subtotal170.8 163.9 
Valuation allowances(23.1)(17.0)
Total deferred tax assets147.7 146.9 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles(256.4)(240.2)
Property, equipment and technology, net(30.9)(19.0)
Investments(4.7)(33.8)
Prepaid expenses or assets(5.1)(4.5)
Operating leases(30.4)(31.9)
Total deferred tax liabilities(327.5)(329.4)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(179.8)$(182.5)
Schedule of income before income tax, domestic and foreign
For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, income before taxes consists of the following (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
U.S. operations$1,520.4 $1,060.2 $1,010.5 
Foreign operations46.2 23.6 37.1 
Total$1,566.6 $1,083.8 $1,047.6 
Schedule of provision for income taxes
The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 consists of the following (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Current tax expense:
Federal$287.6 $208.8 $188.1 
State162.9 117.7 97.8 
Foreign24.5 16.0 15.5 
Total current tax expense475.0 342.5 301.4 
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense:
Federal(7.9)(19.5)(3.4)
State8.4 (2.4)1.5 
Foreign(8.9)(1.7)(13.3)
Total deferred income tax benefit(8.4)(23.6)(15.2)
Total$466.6 $318.9 $286.2 
Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures
Cash paid for income taxes, net for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Federal$284.1 $276.4 $211.0 
State81.2 72.8 60.5 
Foreign26.3 13.2 14.9 
Total cash paid for income taxes, net$391.6 $362.4 $286.4 
Cash paid for state and foreign income taxes, net for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 are disaggregated by jurisdiction as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
State
Illinois$45.0 $40.9 $36.1 
Foreign
United Kingdom$23.7 **
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* Jurisdiction is immaterial for the period presented
Schedule of reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate
A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate$329.0 21.0 %$227.6 21.0 %$220.0 21.0 %
Impact of federal, state, and local tax law and rate changes, net (a)105.6 6.7 %48.7 4.5 %45.2 4.3 %
Foreign tax effects0.2 — %1.2 0.1 %— — %
Effect of changes in tax laws or rates12.6 0.8 %1.0 0.1 %— — %
Effect of cross-border tax laws(6.9)(0.4)%(4.9)(0.4)%(4.7)(0.4)%
Tax credits(1.1)(0.1)%(1.0)(0.1)%(1.6)(0.2)%
Valuation allowances5.1 0.3 %4.8 0.4 %(5.1)(0.5)%
Nontaxable or nondeductible items7.6 0.5 %8.1 0.7 %0.9 0.1 %
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits21.1 1.3 %42.4 3.9 %30.8 2.9 %
Other adjustments(6.6)(0.3)%(9.0)(0.8)%0.7 0.1 %
Effective tax rate$466.6 29.8 %$318.9 29.4 %$286.2 27.3 %
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(a) State taxes in Illinois, New York State, and New York City made up the majority of the tax effect of this category.
Schedule of reconciliation of beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows (in millions):
202520242023
Balance as of January 1$219.1 $237.5 $212.1 
Gross increases related to prior year tax positions13.5 0.2 — 
Gross decreases related to prior year tax positions(12.4)(3.1)(1.5)
Gross increases related to current year tax positions1.7 34.4 31.1 
Settlements(0.6)(49.9)(2.5)
Lapse of statute of limitations— — (1.7)
Balance as of December 31$221.3 $219.1 $237.5 
Schedule of tax years currently under audit or remain open and subject to examination by the tax authorities
The following table summarizes the tax years that are either currently under audit or remain open and subject to examination by the tax authorities in the most significant jurisdictions in which Cboe operates:
U.S. Federal
2022-2025
California
2017-2025
Illinois
2022-2025
New York
2015-2025
New York City
2015-2025
Pennsylvania
2021-2024
United Kingdom
2022-2025
Netherlands
2019-2025